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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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26-01-2012 дата публикации

Methods for deoxygenating biomass-derived pyrolysis oils

Номер: US20120017495A1
Автор: Jennifer F. ABRAHAMIAN, Thomas Traynor, Timothy A. Brandvold
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Methods for deoxygenating treated biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. The treated biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is exposed to a catalyst having a neutral catalyst support such as a non-alumina metal oxide support, a theta alumina support, or both. The non-alumina metal oxide support may be a titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) support, a silicon oxide support, a zirconia oxide (ZrO 2 ) support, a niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) support, or a support having a mixture of non-alumina metal oxides. The catalyst may include a noble metal or a Group VIII non-noble metal and a Group VIB non-noble metal on the neutral catalyst support. The treated biomass-derived pyrolysis oil is introduced into a hydroprocessing reactor in the presence of the catalyst under hydroprocessing conditions to produce low oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil.

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Номер записи: 1
01-03-2012 дата публикации

Dimethyl ether fuel compositions and uses thereof

Номер: US20120047796A1
Автор: David Aldous, Ronald C. Stites
Принадлежит: Range Fuels Inc

The present invention provides useful fuel compositions which may be produced substantially from renewable resources, such as biomass, to provide green fuel compositions, methods, and systems. In some embodiments, fuel compositions include dimethyl ether and one or more C 2 or larger alcohol, such as ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, or tert-butanol. In some embodiments, fuel compositions include dimethyl ether and one or more C 2 or larger hydrocarbons, such as propane, propylene, propyne, and propadiene, n-butane, isobutane, isobutylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, or 1,3-butadiene. Methods of making these novel DME-based fuel compositions, particularly from biomass-derived syngas, are described. Various applications and methods of using the fuel compositions, such as portable cylinder fuels for camping, are disclosed. Additionally, principles of burner design for these fuel compositions are disclosed herein.

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Номер записи: 2
31-05-2012 дата публикации

Methods for producing fuels and solvents

Номер: US20120136185A1
Автор: David Bressler
Принадлежит: University of Alberta

Described herein are methods for producing fuels and solvents from fatty acid resources. Also disclosed herein are fuels and solvents produced by the methods described herein.

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Номер записи: 3
02-08-2012 дата публикации

Composition of matter comprising of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid exhibiting oligomerized pentenes mainly comprised of 2-Methyl-2-Butene subunits as well as related plant isoprenoids composed of 2-Methyl-1-Butene subunits and other hydrocarbons from hydrocarbon-bearing woody biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of solvent permeable woody biomass particles and a multi-phase solvent extraction

Номер: US20120197049A1
Автор: Stephen Daniel Matthews
Принадлежит: Individual

A composition of matter with of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid called Wood Phytoleum from woody Pinaceae and Myrtaceae biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition of matter through the reduction of the particle size of the raw woody biomass to form a solvent permeable particle and a phased multi-wash solvent system of extraction and refinement. A preferred embodiment includes the steps of the reduction of the particle size of the raw woody biomass to form a solvent permeable particle by shearing and chipping, the application of a phased multi-wash solvent system to the solvent permeable particle utilizing a non-polar solvent together with a bridge solvent soluble in both the non-polar solvent and in water, the application of a final bridge solvent wash to the solvent permeable particle, a mechanism for washing the particles of the woody biomass within the multi-wash solvent system, a mechanism for the collection of the solvent and Wood Phytoleum solution from the multi-wash solvent system, the extraction of the solvent from the solvent saturated particles of the woody biomass and the discharge for continued use of the woody biomass, and a process and mechanism for the extraction, collection and refinement of the solvent and Wood Phytoleum solution to discharge the solvents for reuse and to collect the Wood Phytoleum liquid oil including Pinene A and Pinene B and other oligomerized pentenes.

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Номер записи: 4
02-08-2012 дата публикации

Composition of matter comprising of the creation of a low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid exhibiting mainly oligomerized pentenes mainly comprised of 2-Methyl-2-Butene subunits as well as related plant isoprenoids composed of 2-Methyl-1-Butene subunits and other hydrocarbons from Euphorbia tirucalli biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of solvent permeable batting mat and a multi-phase solvent extraction

Номер: US20120197052A1
Автор: Stephen Daniel Matthews
Принадлежит: Individual

A composition of matter with of the creation of low molecular weight hydrocarbon fluid called Phytoleum from Euphorbia tirucalli biomass and a process for the extraction and refinement in making the same composition through the creation of a batting mat and multi-phase solvent extraction. A preferred embodiment includes the steps of manufacturing a fibrous batting mat from the raw biomass, crushing the biomass, shearing the biomass with a rotating knives blade array, compressing the biomass by passing the biomass through press rollers, amalgonating the biomass into a Batting Mat, subjecting the Batting Mat to a phased multi-wash solvent system, extracting the solvents and oils liquid solution for recovery, subjecting the liquid solution to a centrifugation system to extract the Phytoleum hydrocarbon oil from the other components, and refining the final product to yield Phytoleum which is a composition of matter including Tirucallene A and Tirucallene B and other oligomerized pentenes.

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Номер записи: 5
09-08-2012 дата публикации

Method and systems for making distillate fuels from biomass

Номер: US20120198760A1
Автор: Brice Dally, Paul Blommel, Randy CORTRIGHT, Warren Lyman
Принадлежит: Brice Dally, Paul Blommel, Randy CORTRIGHT, Warren Lyman

The present invention provides methods, reactor systems and catalysts for converting biomass and biomass-derived feedstocks to C 8+ hydrocarbons using heterogenous catalysts. The product stream may be separated and further processed for use in chemical applications, or as a neat fuel or a blending component in jet fuel and diesel fuel, or as heavy oils for lubricant and/or fuel oil applications.

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Номер записи: 6
13-12-2012 дата публикации

Methods for producing fuels and solvents substantially free of fatty acids

Номер: US20120316370A1
Автор: David Bressler
Принадлежит: University of Alberta

Described herein are methods for producing fuels and solvents from fatty acid re-extraction sources. In general, the pyrolysis products of fatty acids are extracted in order to remove residual fatty acids and produce very pure hydrocarbon compositions composed of alkanes and alkenes. The fatty acids removed from the extraction step can be further pyrolyzed to produce additional hydrocarbons or, in the alternative, the fatty acids can be isolated and used in other applications. Also disclosed herein are fuels and solvents produced by the methods described herein.

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Номер записи: 7
21-03-2013 дата публикации

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS FROM FEED-STOCKS COMPRISING TALL OIL AND TERPENE-COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20130072730A1
Автор: KNUUTTILA Pekka, NOUSIAINEN Jaakko, RISSANEN Arto
Принадлежит: UPM-KYMMENE CORPORATION

The invention relates to a process for producing hydrocarbon components, comprising: providing a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds; subjecting the feedstock and a hydrogen gas feed to a hydroprocessing treatment in the presence of a hydroprocessing catalyst to produce hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins, and subjecting the hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins to isomerisation in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst to form a mixture of hydrocarbon components. The invention also relates to an apparatus for implementing the process. The invention further relates to a use of the hydrocarbon components produced by the process as a fuel or as an additive in fuel compositions. The invention also relates to a use of a NiW catalyst on a support selected from AlO, zeolite, zeolite-AlO, and AlO—SiOfor producing fuel or an additive for fuel compositions from a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds. 123-. (canceled)24. A process for producing hydrocarbon components , comprising:providing a feedstock comprising tall oil and terpene-based compounds;{'sub': 3', '2', '3, 'subjecting the feedstock and a hydrogen gas feed to a hydroprocessing treatment in the presence of a NiO/MoOcatalyst on an AlOsupport to produce hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins, and'}{'sub': 2', '3, 'subjecting the hydrocarbon components including n-paraffins to isomerisation in the presence of a NiW catalyst on a zeolite-AlOsupport and in the presence of hydrogen to form a mixture of hydrocarbon components.'}25. The process according to wherein the terpene-based compounds are obtained from plants claim 24 , terpene oils claim 24 , distillation bottoms from terpene distillation and flavorants and/or fragrance industry.26. The process of wherein the feedstock comprises crude tall oil and crude sulphate turpentine derived from kraft pulping of wood.27. The process of wherein the crude tall oil is purified prior to subjecting it to the ...

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Номер записи: 8
02-05-2013 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PREPARING LUBRICATING BASE OILS BY USING VACUUM DISTILLED DEASPHALTED OIL

Номер: US20130105359A1
Автор: Choi Sun, Chun Bum Suk, Kim Do Hyoun, Kim Do Woan, Kim Gyung Rok, LEE Seung Woo, Noh Kyung Seok, Oh Seung Hoon, Ryu Jae Wook, Yoon Byung Won
Принадлежит: SK INNOVATION CO., LTD.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing lubricating base oils by using vacuum distilled deasphalted oil, and more specifically, to a method for preparing various kinds of lubricating base oils by distilling a distillate obtained from a solvent deasphalting (SDA) process under reduced pressure to obtain heavy deasphalted oil (H-DAO) and light deasphalted (Lt-DAO) and then treating the H-DAO and the Lt-DAO by catalytic reactions, respectively. According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain heavy lubricating base oil (150BS) of a high viscosity grade which can not be obtained by a known catalytic reaction and a lubricating base oil of group III by hydrogenation, in a high yield, and thus economical efficiency is excellent. 1. A method of producing heavy lubricating base oil using vacuum-distilled deasphalted oil , comprising the steps of:(a) introducing atmospheric residual oil or a mixture of atmospheric residual of and vacuum residual oil into a solvent deasphalting apparatus to obtain deasphalted oil;(b) vacuum-distilling the deasphalted oil to obtain light deasphalted oil and heavy deasphalted oil;(c) hydrotreating the heavy deasphalted oil obtained in the step (b) in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to obtain a hydrotreated fraction;(d) dewaxing the hydrotreated fraction obtained in the step (c) in the presence of a dewaxing catalyst; and(e) hydrofinishing the dewaxed fraction obtained in the step (d) in the presence of a hydrofinishing catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step: (f) fractionating the hydrofinished fraction obtained in the step (e) according to a viscosity range to obtain heavy lubricating base oil.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in the step (c) claim 1 , the hydrotreating of the heavy deasphalted oil is performed under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 300 to 410° C. claim 1 , a reaction pressure of 30 to 220 kg/cmg and a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) of 0.1 ...

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Номер записи: 9
02-05-2013 дата публикации

Fuel compositions containing an isomerized component of a single carbon number and methods of preparing the fuel compositions

Номер: US20130109893A1
Автор: Heinz J. Robota, Jhoanna C. Alger
Принадлежит: University of Dayton

Fuel compositions containing an isomerized component of a single carbon number may contain at least 97 wt. %, based on the total weight of the fuel composition, of an isomerized component consisting of aliphatic paraffin isomers all having the formula C n H 2n+2 , where 10≦n≦22 and n has the same value for each aliphatic paraffin isomer in the isomerized component. The fuel compositions have a normal alkane content of less than 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the fuel composition. Methods for preparing the fuel compositions include hydroisomerizing a normal alkane starting material to form an isomerized mixture and subsequently removing remnant normal alkanes from the isomerized mixture by solvent dewaxing and/or distillation. Some of the fuel compositions may have freezing points at or below −47° C., making them amenable for use a surrogate fuels in the place of JP-8.

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Номер записи: 10
09-05-2013 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITION

Номер: US20130116487A1
Автор: Clark Alisdair Quentin, Howard Philip, Parker Anthony George
Принадлежит: BP Oil International Limited

Unleaded blend composition having a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 having less than 42% of aromatic compounds, and at least 2% by volume of the total composition of component (a′), which is a substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery stream of MON value of at least 85. At least 70% in total of the stream is branched chain alkanes, the stream being obtained by distillation from a refinery material as a cut having Initial Boiling Point of at least 15° C. and Final Boiling Point of at most 160° C. The Boiling Points are measured according to ASTMID2892. At least 5% of at least one paraffin, aromatic hydrocarbon compound or olefinic hydrocarbon has a bp 60-160° C., with not more than 5% of the total composition of hydrocarbon having a bp more than 160° C. Less than 5% 2,2,3-trimethylbutane or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane is present. 1142-. (canceled)143. An unleaded blend composition having a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 comprising less than 42% of aromatic compounds , and at least 2% (by volume of the total composition) of component (a′) , which is a substantially aliphatic hydrocarbon refinery stream of MON value of at least 85 , at least 70% in total of said stream being branched chain alkanes , said stream being obtained by distillation from a refinery material as a-cut having Initial Boiling Point of at least 15° C. and Final Boiling Point of at most 160° C. , said Boiling Points being measured according to ASTMID2892 , and at least 5% of at least one paraffin , aromatic hydrocarbon compound or olefinic hydrocarbon of b.p. 60-160° C. , with not more than 5% of the total composition of hydrocarbon of bp more than 160° C. , and less than 5% 2 ,2 ,3-trimethylbutane or 2 ,2 ,3-trimethylpentane.144. An unleaded blend composition having a Motor Octane Number (MON) of at least 80 comprising less than 42% of aromatic compounds at least 5% (by volume of the total composition) of component (a′) , which is at least one branched chain alkane of MON value of ...

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Номер записи: 11
23-05-2013 дата публикации

DIESEL ENGINE INJECTOR FOULING IMPROVEMENTS WITH A HIGHLY PARAFFINIC DISTILLATE FUEL

Номер: US20130125849A1
Автор: Schaberg Paul Werner, Velaers Adrian James
Принадлежит: SASOL TECHNOLOGY (PTY) LTD.

The invention provides the use of a highly paraffinic distillate fuel in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the formation of injector nozzle deposits when combusted in a diesel engine having a high pressure fuel injection system, wherein the distillate fuel has an aromatics content less than 0.1 wt %, a sulphur content less than 10 ppm and a paraffinic content of at least 70 wt %, such that the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 70% or less and a density of more than 0.815 g.cm(at 15° C.). 1. A highly paraffinic distillate fuel for use in a diesel fuel composition for reducing the formation of injector nozzle deposits when combusted in a diesel engine having a high pressure fuel injection system , wherein the highly paraffinic distillate fuel has an aromatics content less than 0.1 wt % , a sulphur content less than 10 ppm and a paraffinic content of at least 70 wt % , such that the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 70% or less and a density of more than 0.815 g.cm(at 15° C.).2. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 60% or less.3. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition has a relative fouling behaviour of 50% or less and a density of more than 0.79 g.cm(at 15° C.).4. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the highly paraffinic distillate fuel is derived from a Fischer Tropsch process claim 1 , a hydrogenated renewable oil claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the highly paraffinic distillate fuel has a cetane number greater than 70.6. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel composition comprises a petroleum-derived distillate fuel claim 1 , a bio-derived fuel claim 1 , or a combination thereof.7. The highly paraffinic distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel ...

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Номер записи: 12
23-05-2013 дата публикации

CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION OF HYDROXYCYCLOALKANES AND USE OF THE PRODUCT IN BIOFUEL COMPOSITIONS FOR AVIATION

Номер: US20130131407A1
Автор: Dos Reis Goncalves Flavio, Fraga Marco Andre, Pizzaro Borges Luis Eduardo
Принадлежит:

This invention relates to a new biofuel alternative to be used in aviation sector, starting from obtention and production routes of renewable sources compounds, that may act as load for aviation kerosene composition. Naphthenic compounds (cycloalkanes) obtained from renewable sources are used as enrichment or addition loads of aviation kerosene. The process is based on hydrogenolysis catalytic reactions, from hydroxycycloalkanes derevatives substrata, like menthol and isopulegol. The catalytic system is constituted of a physical mixture of hydrogenation heterogeneous catalysts, acid heterogeneous catalysts, and hydrogenating metallic catalysts in acid supports. The hydrogenation catalysts used envolve noble metals from groups 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 of periodic table, whose content ranges from 0.01-10%. The heterogeneous catalysts suitable acids are represented by acidic sulfonated polymer resins, protonated zeolites and sulfated zirconia. The catalytic reaction conditions involving a temperature range of 70-250° C., pressure between 1-70 and agitation ranging from 100-1000 rpm. The composition involving the biofuel, obtained by catalytic hydrogenation process, is obtained as a mixture composed by cycloalkanes and aviation fuel in ratio 1:100 to 100:1, in volume. 1. A biomass hydrogenolysis catalytic process comprising:a catalytic hydrogenation reaction of hydroxycycloalkanes derivatives to obtain biofuel for aviation, biokerosene composed mainly by cycloalkanes.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the catalytic system includes mixtures of hydrogenation heterogeneous catalysts and acid heterogeneous catalysts claim 1 , or bifunctional catalysts constituted of acid support and active phase by hydrogenating metal.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the mass ratio of hydrogenation heterogeneous catalyst:acid heterogeneous catalyst comprises 5:1 to 1:5 range claim 2 , more preferably the range between 2:1 and 1:2.4. The process according to claim 2 , ...

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Номер записи: 13
23-05-2013 дата публикации

EVEN CARBON NUMBER PARAFFIN COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SAME

Номер: US20130131408A1
Автор: Abhari Ramin, Gruver Vladimir, Tomlinson H. Lynn
Принадлежит: Syntroleum Corporation

Paraffin compositions including mainly even carbon number paraffins, and a method for manufacturing the same, is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method involves contacting naturally occurring fatty acid/glycerides with hydrogen in a slurry bubble column reactor containing bimetallic catalysts with equivalent particle diameters from about 10 to about 400 micron. The even carbon number compositions are particularly useful as phase change material. 1. A composition comprising C-Cparaffins , wherein:the paraffins are produced from a renewable biological feedstock by a process comprising hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis; andthe paraffins are predominately even carbon number paraffins.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the even carbon number paraffins comprise n-hexadecane and n-octadecane.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the even carbon number paraffins comprise n-dodecane and n-tetradecane.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 75 wt % of the paraffins are even carbon number paraffins.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein at least 80 wt % of the paraffins are even carbon number paraffins.6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the renewable biological feedstock is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils claim 1 , plant oils claim 1 , algal oils claim 1 , animal fats claim 1 , tall oil fatty acid claim 1 , products of the food industry claim 1 , and a combination of any two or more thereof.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the renewable biological feedstock is selected from the groups consisting of soybean oil claim 1 , corn oil claim 1 , cottonseed oil claim 1 , canola oil claim 1 , coconut oil claim 1 , sunflower oil claim 1 , palm oil claim 1 , palm kernel oil claim 1 , rapeseed oil claim 1 , and a combination of any two or more thereof.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the renewable biological feedstock is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil claim 1 , canola oil claim 1 , palm oil claim 1 , palm ...

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Номер записи: 14
06-06-2013 дата публикации

RENEWABLE JET FUEL DERIVED FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20130144090A1
Автор: Brown Ronald E., Dunn Brian C., Fjare Kristi A., Gerritsen Leendert Arie, Lotero Edgar, Marshall Stephen, Pansare Sourabh S., Platon Alexandru
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

A single pass direct conversion of biomass derived oxygenates to longer chain hydrocarbons is described. The longer chain hydrocarbons include higher naphthene content which is quite useful in the distillate range fuels or more particularly, the jet and diesel range fuels. Naphthenes help the biomass derived hydrocarbons meet product specifications for jet and diesel while really helping cold flow properties. 1. A renewable jet fuel derived at least in part from biomass comprising:approximately 0 to 10 wt % n-paraffins,approximately 5 to 20 wt % iso-paraffins,approximately 15% to 95 wt % naphthenes,approximately 5 to 50 wt % 1-ring naphthenes,approximately 0 to 50 wt % 2-ring naphthenes,approximately 0 to 10 wt % 3-ring naphthenes, andapproximately 0 to 25 wt % aromatics.2. A renewable jet fuel according to comprising at least 25 weight percent naphthenes.3. A renewable jet fuel according to comprising at least 45 weight percent naphthenes.4. A renewable jet fuel according to comprising at least 70 weight percent naphthenes.5. A renewable jet fuel according to comprising up to a maximum of 90 weight percent naphthenes.6. The renewable jet fuel according to having a freeze point of less than −40 degrees Fahrenheit.7. The renewable jet fuel according to having a flashpoint greater than 100 degrees Fahrenheit.8. The renewable jet fuel according to wherein at least 95% of the jet fuel is derived from biomass.9. The renewable jet fuel according to wherein at least 90% of the jet fuel is derived from biomass.10. The renewable jet fuel according to wherein the jet fuel is a drop in jet fuel that meets all specifications for Jet A and JP-8. This application is a non-provisional application which claims benefit under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/567,287 filed Dec. 6, 2011, entitled “Direct Conversion of Biomass Oxygenates to Distillate-Range Hydrocarbons,” which is incorporated herein in its entirety. This application is also a non-provisional ...

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Номер записи: 15
06-06-2013 дата публикации

RENEWABLE DIESEL FUEL DERIVED FROM BIOMASS

Номер: US20130144091A1
Автор: Brown Ronald E., Dunn Brian C., Fjare Kristi A., Gerritsen Leendert Arie, Lotero Edgar, Marshall Stephen, Pansare Sourabh S., Platon Alexandru
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Company

A single pass direct conversion of biomass derived oxygenates to longer chain hydrocarbons is described. The longer chain hydrocarbons include higher naphthene content which is quite useful in the distillate range fuels or more particularly, the jet and diesel range fuels. Naphthenes help the biomass derived hydrocarbons meet product specifications for jet and diesel while really helping cold flow properties. 1. A renewable diesel fuel derived at least in part from biomass comprising:approximately 0 to 10 wt % n-paraffins,approximately 5 to 20 wt % iso-paraffins,approximately 15% to 95 wt % naphthenes,approximately 5 to 50 wt % 1-ring naphthenes,approximately 5 to 50 wt % 2-ring naphthenes,approximately 0 to 15 wt % 3-ring naphthenes, andapproximately 0 to 25 wt % aromatics.2. A renewable diesel fuel according to comprising at least 25 weight percent naphthenes.3. A renewable diesel fuel according to comprising at least 45 weight percent naphthenes.4. A renewable diesel fuel according to comprising at least 70 weight percent naphthenes.5. A renewable diesel fuel according to comprising up to a maximum of 92 weight percent naphthenes.6. The renewable diesel fuel according to having a cloud point of less than −20 degrees Fahrenheit and a pour point of less than −20 degrees Fahrenheit.7. The renewable diesel fuel according to having a flashpoint greater than 125 degrees F.8. The renewable diesel fuel according to having a cetane rating of at least 40.9. The renewable diesel fuel according to wherein at least 95% of the diesel fuel is derived from biomass.10. The renewable diesel fuel according to wherein at least 90% of the diesel fuel is derived from biomass.11. The renewable diesel fuel according to wherein the jet fuel is a drop in diesel fuel that meets all specifications for Number 2 Diesel. This application is a non-provisional application which claims benefit under 35 USC §119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/567,287 filed Dec. 6, 2011, entitled “ ...

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Номер записи: 16
06-06-2013 дата публикации

Renewable gas oil derived from biomass

Номер: US20130144094A1
Автор: Alexandru Platon, Brian C. Dunn, Edgar LOTERO, Kristi A. Fjare, Leendert Arie Gerritsen, Ronald E. Brown, Sourabh S. Pansare, Stephen Marshall
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

A single pass direct conversion of biomass derived oxygenates to longer chain hydrocarbons is described. The longer chain hydrocarbons include higher naphthene content which is quite useful in the distillate range fuels or more particularly, the jet and diesel range fuels. Naphthenes help the biomass derived hydrocarbons meet product specifications for jet and diesel while really helping cold flow properties.

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Номер записи: 17
27-06-2013 дата публикации

HYDROPROCESSING OF HEAVY HYDROCARBON FEEDS

Номер: US20130161237A1
Автор: Barrai Federico, Brown Stephen Harold, Cheng Jane Chi-ya, Dougherty Richard Charles, Ferrughelli David Thomas, Ho Teh C., Woo Hyung Suk
Принадлежит: EXXONMOBIL RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY

Heavy oil feeds are hydroprocessed in the presence of a solvent under conditions that provide a variety of benefits. The solvent can be an added solvent or a portion of the liquid effluent from hydroprocessing. The processes allow for lower pressure processing of heavy oil feeds for extended processing times or extended catalyst lifetimes be reducing or mitigating the amount of coke formation on the hydroprocessing catalyst. 1. A process for producing a hydroprocessed product , comprising:{'sup': '−1', 'exposing a combined feedstock comprising a heavy oil feed component and a solvent component to a hydroprocessing catalyst under effective hydroprocessing conditions to form a hydroprocessed effluent, the effective hydroprocessing conditions including a partial pressure of hydrogen of about 1000 psia (6.9 MPa) or less, a temperature of at least about 360° C., and a liquid hourly space velocity of the fraction of the combined feedstock boiling above 1050° F. (5660) of at least about 0.10 hr;'}separating the hydroprocessing effluent to form at least a liquid effluent; andfractionating a first portion of the liquid effluent to form at least a distillate product and a bottoms product, the bottoms product having an ASTM D86 distillation point of at least about 600° F. (316° C.).2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solvent component comprises a recycle component claim 1 , the process further comprising recycling a second portion of the liquid effluent to form the recycle component.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the ratio of the recycle component to the heavy oil feed component on a weight basis is from about 0.3 to about 6.0.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the effective hydroprocessing conditions comprise a partial pressure of hydrogen of about 800 psia (5.5 MPa) or less.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the effective hydroprocessing conditions comprise a total pressure of about 1000 psig (6.9 MPag) or less.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the liquid hourly ...

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Номер записи: 18
29-08-2013 дата публикации

Methods for making and distributing batches of butane-enriched gasoline

Номер: US20130225883A1
Автор: Larry D. Mattingly, Steven M. Vanderbur
Принадлежит: SUNOCO PARTNERS BUTANE BLENDING LLC

Disclosed are automated methods and systems for certifying the volatility of butane-enriched gasoline downstream of a butane blending operation. Such automated methods and systems provide significant advantages to comply with volatility requirements imposed by EPA or state regulations.

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Номер записи: 19
19-09-2013 дата публикации

EXPANSION OF FUEL STREAMS USING MIXED HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20130239470A1
Автор: BUCHANAN Keith D.
Принадлежит: SUNOCO PARTNERS BUTANE BLENDING LLC

Methods and systems for blending multiple batches of mixed hydrocarbons into fuel streams downstream of the refinery are provided that do not compromise the octane value of the fuel and do not cause the volatility of the fuel to exceed volatilities imposed by government regulation. 2) A method for making mixed pentane enriched fuel without depressing the octane of the fuel , comprising the steps: i) a first enclosed conduit transmitting a fuel stream,', 'ii) a second enclosed conduit transmitting an additive stream, wherein the additive stream comprises mixed pentanes, and', 'i) an outlet in the second enclosed conduit forming a fluid connection with an inlet in the first enclosed conduit,, 'a) providing a fuel blending unit characterized by i) a volatility for the additive stream (the “additive stream volatility”),', 'ii) a flow rate for the fuel stream (the “fuel stream flow rate”),', 'iii) an octane value for the fuel stream (the “fuel stream octane value”), and, 'b) providingiv) a maximum blended volatility for the fuel stream (the “maximum blended volatility”),c) measuring the fuel stream for its actual volatility (the “fuel stream volatility”), i) the fuel stream volatility,', 'ii) the additive stream volatility, and', 'iii) the fuel stream flow rate,, 'd) calculating a rate (the “additive stream flow rate”) at which the additive stream can be added to the fuel stream so as not to exceed the maximum blended volatility, wherein the calculating is based upone) adding the additive stream to the fuel stream at the additive stream flow rate at the fluid connection to make pentane enriched fuel, andf) adding ethanol to the pentane enriched fuel in an amount sufficient to overcome the depression in octane caused by n-pentane in the mixed pentanes.3) A method for blending heterogeneous batches of mixtures of light hydrocarbons into a primary fuel stream (the “fuel stream”) comprising: i) a mixed hydrocarbon stream (the “additive stream”) comprising a plurality of ...

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Номер записи: 20
19-09-2013 дата публикации

INTEGRATION OF SOLVENT DEASPHALTING WITH RESIN HYDROPROCESSING AND WITH DELAYED COKING

Номер: US20130240407A1
Автор: Gillis Daniel B.
Принадлежит: Foster Wheeler USA Corporation

The invention is directed to a process that combines the solvent deasphalting with resin hydrotreatment and coupled with delayed coking so as to reduce the costs associated with performing each of the steps separately. The integrated process of the invention permits higher product yields coupled with lower energy and transportation costs. 1. A process for deasphalting a solvent comprising:introducing a hydrocarbon oil feedstock to a reactor;introducing a solvent to the feedstock;separating an asphaltene-containing fraction from the feedstock to form an asphaltene depleted feedstock;separating a resin-containing fraction in a resin recovery section from the asphaltene separated feedstock to form a resin depleted feedstock;separating a deasphalted oil-containing fraction from the resin depleted feedstock;integrating the resin recovery section with a hydroprocessing process;hydroprocessing the resin-containing fraction in the hydroprocessing process to generate a hydroprocessed residue product; andprocessing the hydroprocessed residue product in a delayed coker2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydroprocessing process is carried out at hydrogen partial pressures ranging from about 800 to about 2500 psig.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydroprocessing process is carried out at temperatures ranging from about 650 to about 930° F.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydroprocessing process is carried out with a catalyst.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the catalyst is a metal catalyst.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the metal catalyst comprises one or more metals selected from the group consisting of iron claim 5 , nickel claim 5 , molybdenum and cobalt.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydroprocessed residue product is subjected to a further separation process.8. The process of wherein the further separation process comprises generating a resin overhead stream and a resin bottoms stream.9. The process of wherein the solvent comprises a light ...

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Номер записи: 21
26-09-2013 дата публикации

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID ROCKET PROPELLANT

Номер: US20130253237A1
Автор: Mathur Indresh
Принадлежит: Johann Haltermann Limited

Disclosed is a high performance hydrocarbon fuel characterized by a hydrogen content greater than 14.3% by weight, a hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio greater than 2.0 and/or a heat of combustion greater than 18.7 KBtu/lb. The disclosed fuels generally have a paraffin content that is at least 90% by mass and a C-Cisoparaffin content of at least 40% by mass. 1. A hydrocarbon fuel having a range of components that provide a boiling point range of at least 100° F. , and having a hydrogen content greater than 14.3% on a mass basis.2. A hydrocarbon fuel having a range of components that provide a boiling point range of at least 100° F. , and having a hydrogen to carbon ratio greater than 2.0 on an atomic basis.3. The hydrocarbon fuel of having a net heat of combustion greater than 18.7 KBtu/lb.4. A hydrocarbon fuel in accordance with which is a blend of an isoparaffin and a highly paraffinic kerosene.5. The hydrocarbon fuel of claim 4 , in which the isoparaffin is comprised of at least one isododecane claim 4 , at least one isohexadecane claim 4 , at least one isoeicosane claim 4 , or a mixture of these.6. A hydrocarbon fuel in accordance with which is a blend of an isoparaffin and a naphthenic kerosene.7. The hydrocarbon fuel of claim 6 , in which the isoparaffin is comprised of at least one isododecane claim 6 , at least one isohexadecane claim 6 , at least one isoeicosane claim 6 , or a mixture of these.8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. A fuel composition comprising:a total paraffin content of at least 90% by mass; andwherein the composition contains at least 40% by mass of isoparaffins having from 12 to 20 carbon atoms.11. The composition of claim 10 , in which a net heat of combustion is greater than 18 claim 10 ,700 BTU/lb.12. The composition of claim 10 , in which the hydrogen content is greater than 14.5% by mass.13. The composition of wherein the total paraffin content is at least 95% by mass.14. The composition of wherein the composition contains at least 60% by mass ...

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Номер записи: 22
17-10-2013 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITION

Номер: US20130269243A1
Автор: Lund Morten A.
Принадлежит:

A fuel composition for use in an internal combustion engine comprising at least one liquid fuel and at least one gaseous fuel, the gaseous fuel having an effective solubility in the liquid fuel at twenty degrees Celsius and one atmosphere in the range of 0.0000001 g/kg to 0.0002 g/kg, wherein dispersion of the gaseous fuel within the liquid fuel before introduction of the fuel composition to the injection system of the engine is such that molecules of the liquid and gaseous fuels are substantially equidistant one from another, liquid from liquid and gas from gas, within a variance preferably of no more than one hundred percent (±100%), more preferably of no more than fifty percent (±50%), and most preferably of no more than twenty-five percent (±25%), whereby the fuel composition is substantially homogeneous so as to promote the atomization of the liquid fuel and thus improve combustion. 1. An internal combustion engine fuel composition comprising:at least one liquid fuel; andat least one gaseous fuel, the gaseous fuel having an effective solubility in the liquid fuel at twenty degrees Celsius and one atmosphere in the range of 0.0000001 g/kg to 0.0002 g/kg, wherein dispersion of the gaseous fuel within the liquid fuel before introduction of the fuel composition to an internal combustion engine is such that molecules of the liquid and gaseous fuels are substantially equidistant one from another, liquid from liquid and gas from gas, within a variance of no more than one hundred percent (±100%),whereby the fuel composition is substantially homogeneous before being introduced to the internal combustion engine such that upon injection the rapid expansion of the gaseous fuel dispersed within the liquid fuel promotes the atomization of the liquid fuel and thus improves combustion, andwherein the time between mixture of the gaseous fuel into the liquid fuel to form the fuel composition and introduction of the fuel composition into the internal combustion engine is at least ...

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Номер записи: 23
12-12-2013 дата публикации

LIQUID FUEL

Номер: US20130331621A1
Автор: Andrade Moreno Luis David
Принадлежит: SPARKNUM INTERNATIONAL, S.L.

A liquid fuel formed by the mixture of toluene, meta-xylene and n-hexane, in proportions of between 50 and 70% of toluene, between 10 and 20% of meta-xylene and between 20 and 30% of n-hexane. 1. A liquid fuel , wherein it is obtained by blending only three basic components , which are toluene , meta-xylene , and n-hexane.2. The liquid fuel claim 1 , in full accordance with claim 1 , wherein the volume percentages of the three components are: toluene 50-70% claim 1 , meta-xylene 10-20% claim 1 , and n-hexane 20-30% by volume.3. The liquid fuel claim 1 , in full accordance with claim 1 , wherein the volume percentages of the three components are: toluene 60% claim 1 , meta-xylene 10% claim 1 , and n-hexane 30% by volume.4. The liquid fuel claim 2 , in full accordance with claim 2 , wherein the volume percentages of the three components are: toluene 60% claim 2 , meta-xylene 10% claim 2 , and n-hexane 30% by volume. The present invention relates to a liquid fuel and more particularly to the so-called gasolines used as fuel for internal combustion engines with spark ignition. Gasoline is obtained by mixing light liquid hydrocarbons obtained from crude oil, after various petrochemical processes carried out at a refinery.There is a variety of hydrocarbons grouped into families, among which are the alkanes, which are hydrocarbons having carbon atoms joined by single covalent bonds. Most oil hydrocarbons belong to that family.In general, gasoline is obtained in a refinery from straight run naphtha, which is the lightest liquid fraction from oil (excluding gases). Naphtha is also obtained from the conversion of heavy oil fractions (vacuum gasoil) in process units known as FCC (fluid catalytic cracking) or hydrocracking units. Gasoline is a mixture of hundreds of individual hydrocarbons from C(butanes and butenes) to Csuch as, for example, methylnaphthalene.To this mixture of hundreds of individual hydrocarbons it is necessary to add another series of additives that enable ...

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Номер записи: 24
19-12-2013 дата публикации

RENEWABLE FUEL COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF USING THE SAME

Номер: US20130333652A1
Автор: Kasbaum John, McGovern Stephen J., Sanchez Vicente, Strope Daniel J., Trewella Jeffrey C.
Принадлежит: KiOR, Inc.

Disclosed is an alternative fuel composition derived from the conversion of biomass at an elevated temperature, with conversion optionally in the presence of a catalyst, which is capable of reducing, and thereby improving, a low temperature property of a distillate. A process is also disclosed for mixing such renewable composition with the distillate. 1. A distillate fuel comprising: (i) a renewable distillate produced by a Fischer-Tropsch process;', '(ii) a non-renewable distillate produced by a Fischer-Tropsch process; and', '(iii) a renewable component of a hydroprocessed/hydrotreated triglyceride or triglyceride derived fatty acid alkyl ester; and, 'a) an aromatic-lean component selected from the group consisting ofb) an aromatic-rich component comprising an at least partially hydrotreated bio-distillate fraction produced from the conversion of biomass at an elevated temperature wherein the boiling range of the aromatic-lean component and the aromatic-rich component are about the same.2. The distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the non-renewable distillate produced by a Fischer-Tropsch process is gasoline claim 1 , jet fuel or diesel fuel.3. The distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons in the aromatic-rich component is from 30% to about 50%4. The distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons in the aromatic-lean component is less than 20%.5. The distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the amount of aromatic-rich component in the distillate fie; is from about 10% to about 50%.6. The distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic-rich component is prepared by hydrotreating an oil derived by the thermal conversion of biomass over a catalyst.7. The distillate fuel of claim 6 , wherein the catalyst comprises a zeolite.8. The distillate fuel of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic-lean component of (i) is prepared by gasification of a biomass claim 1 , subjecting the resulting syngas product to a Fischer-Tropsch ...

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Номер записи: 25
13-02-2014 дата публикации

Process for the Production of Hydrocarbons for Fuels, Solvents, and Other Hydrocarbon Products

Номер: US20140046101A1
Автор: Gregory Dicosola, Paul Ratnasamy, Sanjay Wagle
Принадлежит: University of Louisville Research Foundation ULRF

Catalytic processes for converting carboxylic acids obtained from biomass and other natural or industrial sources into paraffinic or olefinic hydrocarbons through decarboxylation, along with products formed from such hydrocarbons, in which the carbon chain length, the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12, and the ratio of odd number to even number of carbons in the chain are among factors which are indicative or otherwise useful for the detection of hydrocarbons formed by undergoing the claimed processes.

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Номер записи: 26
20-02-2014 дата публикации

RENEWABLE JET FUEL BLENDSTOCK FROM ISOBUTANOL

Номер: US20140051897A1
Автор: Peters Matthew W., Taylor Joshua D.
Принадлежит:

The present invention in its various embodiments is directed to methods for preparing a renewable jet fuel blendstock, and blendstocks prepared by such methods, comprising fermenting a biomass-derived feedstock to form one or more C—Calcohols such as isobutanol, catalytically dehydrate and oligomerize the alcohols to form higher molecular weight olefins (e.g., C—Colefins), hydrogenating at least a portion of the higher molecular weight olefins to form a renewable jet fuel blendstock comprising Cand Calkanes which meet or exceed the requirements of ASTM D7566-10a for hydroprocessed synthesized paraffinic kerosene (SPK). 1. A process for preparing renewable jet fuel blendstock comprising:(a) treating biomass to form a feedstock;(b) fermenting the feedstock with one or more species of microorganism, thereby forming isobutanol;(c) dehydrating at least a portion of the isobutanol obtained in step (b), thereby forming a dehydration product comprising isobutene;{'sub': 8', '12', '16, '(d) oligomerizing at least a portion of the dehydration product, thereby forming a product comprising one or more C, one or more C, and one or more Cunsaturated oligomers;'}{'sub': '8', '(e) separating at least a portion of said one or more Cunsaturated oligomers produced in step (d);'}(f) combining the separated portion of step (e) with the dehydration product of step (c) prior to said oligomerization step (d):{'sub': 12', '16, '(g) hydrogenating at least a portion of the product of step (d) in the presence of hydrogen, thereby forming a renewable jet fuel blendstock comprising one or more Cand one or more Csaturated alkanes; and'}{'sub': 12', '16, '(h) adjusting the ratio of Cand Csaturated alkanes provided by step (eg) to form a renewable jet fuel blendstock which meets or exceeds the requirements of ASTM D7566-10a for hydroprocessed synthesized paraffinic kerosene (SPK).'}2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said dehydrating is carried out in the presence of a dehydration catalyst claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 27
06-03-2014 дата публикации

Renewable Engine Fuel And Method Of Producing Same

Номер: US20140066671A1
Автор: Rusek John J., Rusek Mary-Louise R., Zink Justin D., Ziulkowski Jonathon D.
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides high-octane fuel, and a method of producing same. These fuels may be formulated to have a wide range of octane values and energy, and may effectively be used to replace 100 LL aviation fuel (known as AvGas), as well as high-octane, rocket, diesel, turbine engine fuels, as well as two-cycle, spark-ignited engine fuels. 1. A 100 octane aviation fuel comprising: (a) 70-85 wt % of sym-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene); and (b) 15-30 wt % of isopentane , wherein the fuel has a motor octane number of 99.5 or greater , and a Reid vapor pressure of from 5.5 to 7.1 psi.2. A 100 octane aviation fuel consisting essentially of: (a) 70-85 wt % of sym-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene); and (b) 15-30 wt % of isopentane , wherein the fuel has a motor octane number of 99.5 or greater , and a Reid vapor pressure of from 5.5 to 7.1 psi.3. A 100 octane aviation fuel consisting of: (a) 70-85 wt % of sym-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene); and (b) 15-30 wt % of isopentane , wherein the fuel has a motor octane number of 99.5 or greater , and a Reid vapor pressure of from 5.5 to 7.1 psi.4. (canceled)5. A high octane aviation fuel comprising: (a) 60-85 wt % of sym-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene) , and (b) 15-40 wt % of isopentane , wherein the fuel has a motor octane number of 99.5 or greater , and a Reid vapor pressure of from 5.5 to 7.1 psi.611-. (canceled)12. The aviation fuel of claim 5 , wherein the mesitylene is present in an amount of between about 70 to 85 wt %.13. The aviation fuel of claim 5 , wherein the isopentane is present in an amount of between about 15 to 30 wt %.1422-. (canceled)23. A high octane fuel comprising: (a) 70-85 wt % of sym-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene); and (b) 15-30 wt % of isopentane claim 5 , wherein the fuel is an aviation fuel having a motor octane number of 99.5 or greater claim 5 , and a Reid vapor pressure of from 5.5 to 7.1 psi.24. A 100 octane aviation fuel comprising: (a) 70-85 wt % of sym-trimethyl benzene (mesitylene); and (b) ...

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Номер записи: 28
13-03-2014 дата публикации

C HEAVY OIL COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

Номер: US20140073821A1
Автор: Haji Katsuhiko, Iwasa Yasuyuki, Mitsui Yuta, Yanagawa Shinichiro
Принадлежит: JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION

The present invention provides a method for producing a C heavy oil composition which unlikely forms sludge, has excellent ignitability and combustibility, and enable the stable operation of a combustion device such as an external combustion device, a diesel device, and a gas turbine device. The method of the present invention is comprises method for producing a C heavy oil composition with a bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of 10 percent by volume or more and 45 percent by volume or less, comprising blending a cracked reformed base oil with a total aromatic content of 80 percent by volume or more and a 15° C. density of 0.90 to 1.20 g/cmin an amount of 1 percent by volume or more and 45 percent by volume or less on the basis of the total mass of the composition. 1. A method for producing a C heavy oil composition with a bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of 10 percent by volume or more and 45 percent by volume or less , comprising blending a cracked reformed base oil with a total aromatic content of 80 percent by volume or more and a 15° C. density of 0.90 to 1.20 g/cm3 in an amount of 1 percent by volume or more and 45 percent by volume or less on the basis of the total mass of the composition.2. The method for producing a C heavy oil composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cracked reformed base oil has a 50° C. kinematic viscosity of 0.3 to 10 mm2/s claim 1 , a sulfur content of 8000 mass ppm or less claim 1 , and a nitrogen content of 100 mass ppm or less.3. The method for producing a C heavy oil composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cracked reformed base oil has a 10 vol. % distillation temperature (T10) of 130 to 270° C. claim 1 , a 50 vol. % distillation temperature (T50) of 190 to 290° C. claim 1 , and a 90 vol. % distillation temperature (T90) of 230 to 390° C.4. The method for producing a C heavy oil composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cracked reformed base oil is produced by bringing a feedstock having a 10 vol. % ...

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Номер записи: 29
20-03-2014 дата публикации

CHARACTERIZATION OF PRE-REFINED CRUDE DISTILLATE FRACTIONS

Номер: US20140076776A1
Автор: GAUGHAN Roger G., KNICKERBOCKER Bryan M., PETERS Robert T., SUTER Timothy D.
Принадлежит: EXXONMOBIL RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY

Methods are provided for qualifying jet fuel fractions that are derived at least in part from pre-refined crude oil sources. The methods allow for determination of the stability of a jet fuel product over time by using an accelerated aging test. The methods are beneficial for verifying the stability of a jet fuel fraction that includes a portion derived from a pre-refined crude oil. 1. A method for preparing a jet fuel or kerosene product , comprising:determining a breakpoint for a first sample of a distillate fraction, the distillate fraction having an initial boiling point of at least about 284° F. (140° C.) and a final boiling point of about 572° F. (300° C.) or less, at least a portion of the distillate fraction being derived from a first pre-refined crude oil;maintaining a second sample of the distillate fraction at a temperature of at least about 40° C. for an aging period;determining a breakpoint for the aged second sample of the distillate fraction, the breakpoint for the aged second sample being at least about 265° C.; andpreparing a jet fuel product comprising a kerosene portion derived from a second pre-refined crude oil, the second pre-refined crude oil being derived from the same source as the first pre-refined crude oil, a volume percentage of the kerosene portion derived from the second pre-refined crude in the jet fuel product being about 110% or less of a volume percentage corresponding to the portion of the distillate fraction derived from the first pre-refined crude oil, the initial boiling point of the jet fuel product being at least about the initial boiling point of the distillate fraction, and the final boiling point of the jet fuel product being less than or equal to the final boiling point of the distillate fraction.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:obtaining a portion of the distillate fraction; andsplitting the portion of the distillate fraction to form at least the first sample and the second sample.3. The method of claim 1 , ...

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Номер записи: 30
20-03-2014 дата публикации

Even carbon number paraffin composition and method of manufacturing same

Номер: US20140081057A1
Автор: H. Lynn Tomlinson, Ramin Abhari, Vladimir Gruver
Принадлежит: Syntroleum Corp

Paraffin compositions including mainly even carbon number paraffins, and a method for manufacturing the same, is disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method involves contacting naturally occurring fatty acid/glycerides with hydrogen in a slurry bubble column reactor containing bimetallic catalysts with equivalent particle diameters from about 10 to about 400 micron. The even carbon number compositions are particularly useful as phase change material.

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Номер записи: 31
04-01-2018 дата публикации

Process of Making Biochar From Beneficiated Organic-Carbon-Containing Feedstock

Номер: US20180002622A1
Автор: Catto Michael L, Scalzo Philip James, Tait Carleton Drew, Van Thorre Douglas M
Принадлежит:

A process for making a biochar composition by passing renewable organic-carbon-containing feedstock through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content followed by introducing beneficiated feedstock into an oxygen-deficient thermal sub-system to result in renewable processed biochar having an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (20 GJ/MT) a water content of less than 10 wt %, and water-soluble salt that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock. 1. A process of making processed biochar comprising:passing renewable unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock that includes free water, intercellular water, intracellular water, intracellular water-soluble salts, and at least some plant cells comprising cell walls that include lignin, hemicellulose, and microfibrils within fibrils through a beneficiation sub-system to produce processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock having a water content of less than 20 wt % and a salt content that is reduced by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock; andpassing the processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock an oxygen-deprived thermal sub-system process to produce processed biochar having an energy density of at least 17 MMBTU/ton (20 GJ/MT) a water content of less than 10 wt %, and water-soluble salt that is decreased by at least 60 wt % on a dry basis from that of the unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the beneficiation sub-system process comprises:exposing the unprocessed feedstock to hot solvent under pressure for a time at conditions specific to the feedstock to make some regions of the cell walls comprising crystallized cellulosic fibrils, lignin, and hemicellulose more able to be penetrable by water-soluble salts without dissolving more than 25 percent of the lignin and hemicellulose;removing the pressure so as to penetrate the more ...

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Номер записи: 32
03-01-2019 дата публикации

AVIATION FUEL COMPOSITION

Номер: US20190002778A1
Автор: Kiiski Ulla, Sandberg Kati
Принадлежит: Neste Corporation

The present invention relates to an aviation fuel composition comprising an aviation range fuel component and a diesel range fuel component originating from renewable sources, the diesel range fuel component having a cloud point of at most about −20° C. and existent gum more than about 7 mg/100 ml, wherein existent gum of the aviation fuel composition is at most about 7 mg/100 ml. 1. An aviation fuel composition comprising:a) an aviation range fuel component; andb) a diesel range fuel component of renewable origin, having a cloud point of at most about −20° C., and existent gum more than about 7 mg/100 ml, wherein existent gum of the aviation fuel composition is at most about 7 mg/100 ml.2. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component a) is selected from petroleum-based aviation range fuel claim 1 , aviation range fuel of renewable origin claim 1 , and a mixture thereof.3. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component a) complies with at least one of aviation fuel standards selected from ASTM D1655 claim 1 , ASTM D7566 and DEFSTAN 91-91.4. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component b) is paraffinic diesel produced from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products or at least one of hydrogenated fatty acid and triglyceride materials.5. The aviation fuel composition of claim 4 , wherein the paraffinic diesel is an isomerized paraffinic diesel.6. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein component b) comprises:aromatic compounds in an amount of at most about 0.5 vol-%, iso-paraffins in an amount from about 80 vol-% to about 95 vol-%, the rest being n-paraffins.7. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein existent gum of component b) is at most about 15000 mg/ml.8. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises:a petroleum-based diesel range fuel.9. The aviation fuel composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises up to about 20 vol-% of component b).10. The aviation fuel ...

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Номер записи: 33
13-01-2022 дата публикации

ONLINE ANALYZER FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

Номер: US20220010219A1
Автор: Aguinaldo Maria Vanessa C., Cady Samuel J., Della Mora John, Luo Shifang, Ream Kegun L., Ring Michael H., WANG Chengrong, XU Xiaochun, Zhang Anding
Принадлежит:

Disclose is an online analyzer to monitor conversion of a biofeedstock in a first hydrotreating stage to avoid catalyst poisoning in a subsequent stage. An example method of processing a biofeedstock may comprise hydrotreating the biofeedstock by reaction with hydrogen to form a hydrotreated biofeedstock. The method may further comprise monitoring conversion of the biofeedstock in the hydrotreating with an online analyzer. 1. A method of processing a biofeedstock , comprising:hydrotreating the biofeedstock by reaction with hydrogen to form a hydrotreated biofeedstock;monitoring conversion of the biofeedstock in the hydrotreating with an online analyzer; andcontrolling recycle of the hydrotreated biofeedstock to the hydrotreating in response to the monitoring conversation of the biofeedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofeedstock comprises at one component selected from the group consisting of a vegetable oil claim 1 , an animal fat claim 1 , a fish oil claim 1 , a pyrolysis oil claim 1 , algae lipid claim 1 , an algae oil claim 1 , and combinations thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofeedstock comprises lipid compounds.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrotreated biofeedstock comprises paraffin products.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the online analyzer comprises a spectrometer.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the online analyzer is an infrared spectrometer claim 1 , a near infrared spectrometer claim 1 , or a Raman spectrometer.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring conversion of the biofeedstock comprises determining oxygen removal from the biofeedstock.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring conversion comprises correlating measurements from the online analyzer with conversion of the biofeedstock.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring conversion comprises measuring carbonyl group concentration in the hydrotreated biofeedstock.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the online analyzer is ...

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Номер записи: 34
01-01-2015 дата публикации

Systems and Methods for Renewable Fuel

Номер: US20150005547A1
Автор: Freel Barry A., Graham Robert G.
Принадлежит:

The present application generally relates to the introduction of a renewable fuel oil as a feedstock into refinery systems or field upgrading equipment. For example, the present application is directed to methods of introducing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into a petroleum conversion unit; for example, a refinery fluid catalytic cracker (FCC), a coker, a field upgrader system, a hydrocracker, and/or hydrotreating unit; for co-processing with petroleum fractions, petroleum fraction reactants, and/or petroleum fraction feedstocks and the products, e.g., fuels, and uses and value of the products resulting therefrom. 1. A fuel , comprising:a product of a fluidized catalytic cracker co-processing a petroleum fraction and an RFO/VGO mixture,said RFO/VGO mixture comprising a mixture of petroleum and renewable fuel oil.2. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises between 1-99 wt. % renewable fuel oil.3. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises between 1-20 wt. % renewable fuel oil.4. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises between 20-40 wt. % renewable fuel oil.5. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises between 40-60 wt. % renewable fuel oil.6. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises between 60-80 wt. % renewable fuel oil.7. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises between 80-99 wt. % renewable fuel oil.8. The fuel of claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture comprises about 50 wt. % renewable fuel oil.9. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture is produced by a high shear mixer.10. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture is produced by an ultrasonic mixer.11. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture is produced by a mix atomizer.12. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture is produced by an in line mixer.13. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein the RFO/VGO mixture further ...

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Номер записи: 35
01-01-2015 дата публикации

METHODS TO INCREASE GASOLINE YIELD

Номер: US20150005548A1
Автор: Freel Barry A., Graham Robert G.
Принадлежит:

The present application generally relates to methods to increase the gasoline and/or light cycle oil yield of a fluidized catalytic cracker processing a petroleum fraction by injecting a stream comprising a renewable fuel oil into a riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker, and the resulting fuels therefrom. 1. A method to increase the gasoline and/or light cycle oil yield of a fluidized catalytic cracker processing a petroleum fraction , comprising:injecting a stream comprising a renewable fuel oil with a pH of less than 6.5 into a riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker in a ratio in the range of 2-11 wt. % renewable fuel oil to petroleum fraction; andcontacting the renewable fuel oil with a catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the petroleum fraction is VGO.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises introducing the petroleum fraction into the riser above the injecting the renewable fuel oil.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the injecting occurs in the lower third of the riser.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the injecting is via a lift steam line located at the bottom of the riser.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renewable fuel oil has a pH of less than 3.0.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stream further comprises the petroleum fraction.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the injecting is via a recycle lift vapor line.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the stream has a TAN of 0.05 to 1.0.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yield claim 1 , computed on an equivalent carbon basis or an equivalent energy input basis claim 1 , is higher than that achieved under the same conditions in a fluidized catalytic cracker processing the petroleum fraction alone.11. A method to reduce the heavy cycle oil and/or slurry oil yield of a fluidized catalytic cracker processing a petroleum fraction claim 1 , comprising:injecting a stream comprising a renewable fuel oil with a pH of less than 6.5 into a riser of a fluidized catalytic cracker in ...

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Номер записи: 36
01-01-2015 дата публикации

PREPARING A FUEL FROM LIQUID BIOMASS

Номер: US20150005549A1
Автор: Freel Barry A., Graham Robert G.
Принадлежит:

The present application generally relates to methods to prepare a fuel from a liquid biomass by first producing the liquid biomass from a solid biomass by a thermal process, and then processing the liquid biomass with a petroleum fraction in the presence of a catalyst. 1. A method to prepare a fuel from a liquid biomass , comprising:producing the liquid biomass from a solid biomass by a thermal process; andprocessing the liquid biomass with a petroleum fraction as reactants in the presence of a catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal process comprises pyrolysis.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pyrolysis comprises rapid thermal processing.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid biomass comprises a wood claim 1 , wood residue claim 1 , or agricultural residue.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the processing occurs in a continuous conversion unit.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the continuous conversion unit is a fluidized catalytic cracking unit.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the petroleum fraction and the liquid biomass are co-processed in a continuous conversion unit.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the continuous conversion unit is a fluidized catalytic cracking unit.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid biomass makes up less than 10 wt. % of the reactants.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the producing and processing occur in a refinery.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the petroleum fraction is VGO.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid biomass has a pH in the range of 0.5 to 7.13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid biomass as a carbon content in the range of 35-80 wt. % and an oxygen content in the range of 20-50 wt. % claim 1 , on a moisture-free basis.14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the liquid biomass has a water content in the range of 10-40 wt. %.15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fuel is a transportation fuel.16. A fuel prepared from a liquid biomass claim 1 , comprising: (i) liquid ...

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Номер записи: 37
12-01-2017 дата публикации

COMPOSITION COMPRISING PARAFFIN FRACTIONS OBTAINED FROM BIOLOGICAL RAW MATERIALS AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME

Номер: US20170009144A1
Автор: Aalto Pekka, HAKOLA Maija, NYMAN Tomi, Sandberg Kati
Принадлежит: Neste Oyj

A composition, including 40-50 wt-% C14 paraffins, based on the total weight of the composition, and 35-45 wt-% C15 paraffins, based on the total weight of the composition, wherein the C14 and C15 paraffins are produced from a biological raw material. 119-. (canceled)20. A composition , comprising:40-50 wt-% C14 isoparaffins, based on the total weight of the composition, and35-45 wt-% C15 isoparaffins, based on the total weight of the composition,wherein the C14 and C15 isoparaffins are produced from a biological raw material,wherein the total C14 and C15 isoparaffinic content of the composition is in a range from 80.36 wt-% to 95 wt-%, based on the total weight of the composition.21. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the composition comprises 45-50 wt-% C14 isoparaffins claim 20 , and 40-45 wt-% C15 isoparaffins claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.22. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the composition comprises less than 9 wt-% C13 and lighter paraffins and less than 7 wt-% C16 and heavier paraffins claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.23. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the composition comprises less than 5 wt-% C13 and lighter paraffins and less than 3 wt-% C16 and heavier paraffins claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.24. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the total isoparaffinic content of the composition is more than 93 wt-% claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.25. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the total isoparaffinic content of the composition is more than 97 wt-% claim 20 , based on the total weight of the composition.26. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the total aromatic hydrocarbon content of the composition is less than 1500 ppm weight basis.27. The composition according to claim 20 , wherein the total aromatic hydrocarbon content of the composition is less than 1300 ppm weight basis.28. The ...

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Номер записи: 38
12-01-2017 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20170009163A1
Автор: BRANCH Michael Allen, BRU Ariel, BRUMFIELD Tommy Louis, DELANEY-KINSELLA Cynthia, DROUBI Danny F., KRAUS Lawrence Stephen, LIPINSKY Dana Tatum, STEERNBERG Koen
Принадлежит:

Low sulphur marine fuel compositions are provided. Embodiments comprise 10 to 50 wt. % of a residual hydrocarbon component, with the remaining 50 to 90 wt. % selected from a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component, and a combination thereof. Embodiments of the marine fuel composition can have a sulphur content of about 0.1 wt. % or less. 1. A marine fuel composition comprising:greater than 25 wt. % to 50 wt. % of a residual hydrocarbon component comprising an atmospheric tower bottoms (ATB) residues with a kinematic viscosity at ˜50 degrees C. of at least 100 cSt; andwherein the marine fuel composition has a kinematic viscosity at ˜50 degrees C. of at least 10 cSt.2. The marine fuel composition of wherein the sulphur content is in a range of 400 to 1000 wppm.3. The marine fuel composition of which exhibits at least one of the following:a hydrogen sulfide content of at most 2.0 mg/kg; an acid number of at most 2.5 mg KOH per gram; a sediment content of at most 0.1 wt. %; a water content of at most 0.5 vol %; and an ash content of at most 0.15 wt. %.4. The marine fuel composition of which has at least one of the following: a density at 15 degrees C. in a range of 0.870 to 1.010 g/cm claim 1 , a pour point of −30 to 35 degrees C. claim 1 , and a flash point of at least 60 degrees C.5. The marine fuel composition of wherein the density is at least 0.890 g/cm.6. The marine fuel composition of wherein the kinematic viscosity is less than 12 cSt.7. The marine fuel composition of further comprising:at least 30 wt. % of the residual hydrocarbon component; andat least 10 wt. % of a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component comprising at least one of light cycle oil (LCO), heavy cycle oil (HCO), fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) cycle oil, FCC slurry oil, pyrolysis gas oil, cracked light gas oil (CLGO), cracked heavy gas oil (CHGO), pyrolysis light gas oil (PLGO), pyrolysis heavy gas oil (PHGO), thermally cracked residue, thermally cracked ...

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Номер записи: 39
14-01-2016 дата публикации

PROCESS OF GENERATING A RENEWABLE BIOFUEL FROM A HYDROTREATED STREAM OF CONDENSED OXYGENATES

Номер: US20160010001A1
Автор: Bauer Lorenz J., Kent Nicholas, May Leslie, Paradise Christopher, Ramirez Corredores Maria Magdalena, Trewella Jeffrey C.
Принадлежит:

A renewable fuel may be obtained from a bio-oil containing C-Coxygenates. In a first step, the bio-oil is subjected to a condensation reaction in which the oxygenates undergo a carbon-carbon bond forming reaction to produce a stream containing C+ oxygenates. In a second step, the stream is hydrotreated to produce C+ hydrocarbons. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein prior to step (a):(i) biomass is converted in a biomass conversion reactor into gaseous, liquid and solid components;(ii) the gaseous components and solid components are separated from the liquid components;{'sub': 3', '5, '(iii) the liquid components are separated into an aqueous phase and an organic stream containing C-Coxygenates; and'}{'sub': 3', '5, '(iv) the aqueous phase is then separated into another organic stream containing C-Coxygenates.'}3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the condensation reaction is an aldol condensation.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the renewable biofuel is produced from liquid bio-oil.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein prior to step (a):(i) biomass is converted in a biomass conversion reactor into gaseous, liquid and solid components;(ii) the gaseous components and solid components are separated from the liquid components;{'sub': 3', '5, '(iii) the liquid components are separated into an aqueous phase and an organic stream containing C-Coxygenates; and'}{'sub': 3', '5, '(iv) the aqueous phase is then separated into another organic stream containing C-Coxygenates.'}7. The process of claim 5 , wherein condensation occurs in the single reactor in the presence of a heterogeneous acid catalyst.8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the heterogeneous acid catalyst is selected from the group consisting of organic sulfonic acids; perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids; zeolites; sulfated transition metal oxides claim 7 , and perfluorinated ion exchange polymers containing pendant sulfonic acid claim 7 , carboxylic acid claim 7 , or sulfonic acid groups; sulfonated copolymers of styrene ...

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Номер записи: 40
08-01-2015 дата публикации

Renewable High-Density, High-Octane Fuels

Номер: US20150011808A1
Автор: Harvey Benjamin G., Meylemans Heather A., Wright Michael E.
Принадлежит:

A method/fuels for making high-density, high-octane fuels, the high-density, high-octane including, dimerizirig terpene monomer(s), crude mixture of terpene(s), and/or oxygenated terpenoid(s) with at least one heterogeneous dimerization acid catalyst at temperatures ranging from about 25° C. to about 160° C. to produce a mixture of residual/isomerized monomer(s) cymene(s), and terpene dimer(s), hydrogenating the mixture of residual/isomerized monomer(s), p-cymene(s), and terpene dimer(s) with at least one heterogenous catalyst(s) under a hydrogen atmosphere to produce a hydrogenated mixture of cymene(s), saturated cyclic molecules of terpene(s), other aromatic(s), and/or saturated terpene dimer(s), and isolating the hydrogenated mixture of cymene(s), saturated cyclic terpene(s), other aromatic(s), and saturated terpene dimer(s) by fractional distillation to yield a high boiling fraction composed of terpene dimers and mixture low boiling fraction composed of hydrogenated monomer(s) and cymenes. 1. A method for making a high-density , high-octane fuel , comprising:dimerizing terpene monomer(s), crude mixture of terpene(s), and/or oxygenated terpenoid(s) with at least one heterogeneous dimerization acid catalyst at temperatures ranging from about 25° C. to about 170° C. to produce a mixture of residual/isomerized monomer(s), cymene(s), and terpene dimer(s);hydrogenating said mixture of residual/isomerized monomer(s), cymene(s), and terpene dimer(s) with at least one catalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere to produce a hydrogenated mixture of cymene(s), saturated cyclic molecules of terpene(s), other aromatic(s), and/or saturated terpene dimer(s); andisolating said hydrogenated mixture of cymene(s), saturated cyclic terpene(s), other aromatic(s), and saturated terpene dimer(s) by fractional distillation to yield a high boiling fraction composed of terpene dimers and boiling between about 280 and 350° C. under standard conditions, and a low boiling fraction composed of ...

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Номер записи: 41
08-01-2015 дата публикации

Renewable High Density Turbine and Diesel Fuels

Номер: US20150011809A1
Автор: Harvey Benjamin G.
Принадлежит: US GOVERNMENT AS REPRESENTED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY

A method for synthesizing cyclic hydrocarbons with linear hydrocarbon side chains from a renewable source, or biomass by naturally occurring or bioengineered fungal strains, or hydrodistillation of plants. 1. A method of synthesizing fuels , comprising:isolating 1-octene-3-ol from waste biomass or a renewable source by hydrodistillation of plant material, enzymatic cleavage of fatty acids, or direct biosynthesis with fungi or bacteria;dehydrating said 1-octene-3-ol with at least one acid catalyst to produce a mixture of isomers of 1,3-octadiene and internal octadienes;cyclodimerizing said mixture of isomers of 1,3-actadiene and internal octadienes under modest pressure having a range from about 1 atm to about 200 atm and heating with a range from about −20° C. to about 350° C. with at least one homogeneous or heterogenous Lewis acid catalyst to effect a Diels-Alder cycloaddition to produce a mixture of unsaturated cyclic olefins;catalytically hydrogenating said unsaturated cyclo-olefins with hydrogen to produce a mixture of saturated cyclic hydrocarbons; andpurifying said saturated cyclic hydrocarbons by distillation to produce fuel mixtures with densities greater than 0.8 g/mL.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising isolating by degradation of said waste biomass includes naturally occurring or bioengineered fungal strains.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said renewable source comprises at least one linoleic acid claim 1 , other fatty acids claim 1 , triglycerides claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.4Melittis melissophyllum.. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising obtaining alcohol by hydrodistillation of a renewable source including plants being5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said acid catalyst comprises at least one inorganic acid selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid claim 1 , sulfuric acid claim 1 , and hydrochloric acid claim 1 , other mineral acids claim 1 , and supported mineral acids.6. The ...

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Номер записи: 42
10-01-2019 дата публикации

Multi-Stage Process and Device for Treatment Heavy Marine Fuel Oil and Resultant Composition and the Removal of Detrimental Solids

Номер: US20190010405A1
Автор: Klussmann Bertrand Ray, Moore Michael Joseph, White Carter James
Принадлежит: Magēmā Technology, LLC

A multi-stage process for reducing the environmental contaminants in an ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and a Detrimental Solids removal unit as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass and a Detrimental Solids content less than 60 mg/kg. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed. 1. A process for reducing the environmental contaminants and detrimental solids in a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil , the process comprising: contacting a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with Detrimental Solids removal unit to give a pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; mixing a quantity of the pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; contacting the Feedstock Mixture with one or more catalyst materials under reactive conditions to form a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture; receiving said Process Mixture and separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and , discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil.2. The process of wherein said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 5.0 mass % to 1.0 mass %.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.01 mass % to 1.0 mass %.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil has: a maximum of kinematic viscosity at 50° C. (ISO 3104) between the range from 180 mm/s to 700 mm/s; a ...

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Номер записи: 43
10-01-2019 дата публикации

Multi-Stage Process and Device for Treatment Heavy Marine Fuel Oil and Resultant Composition Including Ultrasound Promoted Desulfurization

Номер: US20190010406A1
Автор: Klussmann Bertrand Ray, Moore Michael Joseph, White Carter James
Принадлежит: Magema Technology, LLC

A multi-stage process for reducing the environmental contaminants in an ISO8217 compliant Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil involving a core desulfurizing process and a ultrasound treatment process as either a pre-treating step or post-treating step to the core process. The Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 for residual marine fuel oils and has a sulfur level has a maximum sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 0.05 mass % to 1.0 mass. A process plant for conducting the process is also disclosed. 1. A process for reducing the environmental contaminants in a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil , the process comprising: contacting a Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with ultrasound having a frequency in the range of about 20 kHz and about 100 megahertz and a sonic energy in the range of about 30 watts/cmto about 300 watts/cm , in the presence of desulfurization reaction inducer selected from the group consisting of aqueous peroxides or one or more transition metal catalysts in the presence of hydrogen , to give a pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil; mixing a quantity of the pre-treated Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil with a quantity of Activating Gas mixture to give a Feedstock Mixture; contacting the Feedstock Mixture with one or more transition metal catalysts under reactive conditions to form a Process Mixture from said Feedstock Mixture; receiving said Process Mixture and separating the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil liquid components of the Process Mixture from the gaseous components and by-product hydrocarbon components of the Process Mixture and , discharging the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil.2. The process of wherein said Feedstock Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) except that it has a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the range of 5.0 wt % to 1.0 wt % and wherein the Product Heavy Marine Fuel Oil complies with ISO 8217 (2017) and has a a sulfur content (ISO 14596 or ISO 8754) between the ...

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Номер записи: 44
03-02-2022 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20220033724A1
Автор: Pruitt Tom F., Wohaibi Mohammed
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 138-. (canceled)393241. Combustion in marine or land based engines , combustion gas turbines , or fired heaters of a fuel derived from light tight oil () and crude oil () , either alone or with added high sulfur fuel oil () , comprising combination of treated and untreated streams having an initial boiling point being the lowest boiling point of any fraction within untreated streams combined in said fuel and highest boiling point being the highest boiling portion of deasphalted oil effluent from solvent separation of an unconverted oil which is subsequently treated by hydroconversion and forms a portion said fuel.4055-. (canceled)56. Combustion of a fuel in accordance with wherein said fuel comprises a portion or all of a light tight oil and streams of processed high sulfur fuel oil claim 39 , processed alone or with added crude oil claim 39 , comprising:(a) unstabilized wild straight run naphtha and distillation fraction at or below sulfur breakpoint cut without added treatment,(b) distillate hydrotreater effluent of distillate range distillation fraction above sulfur breakpoint cut comprising wild naphtha and at least a portion of ...

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Номер записи: 45
21-01-2016 дата публикации

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR OBTAINING LONG CHAIN CARBONS FROM PETROLEUM BASED OIL

Номер: US20160017241A1
Автор: Boe Philip Allen
Принадлежит:

Methods and system for obtaining long chain carbons that generally include forming a conversion mixture of an alcohol and a base, adding the conversion mixture to oil (such as petroleum based oil, crude oil, used oil, used motor oil, and new motor oil) to form a reaction mixture, adding a high nitrate compound the reaction mixture, and separating out the long chain carbons for use as an input by other processing such as pharmaceutical and/or additional petro-chemical processing. Additional cooling and/or filtering processes may be utilized to complete and/or optimize oil conversion.

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Номер записи: 46
21-01-2016 дата публикации

FUEL OIL

Номер: US20160017246A1
Автор: KOSEKI Keiichi, NAIKI Taketora
Принадлежит: TONENGENERAL SEKIYU K.K.

PURPOSE: The present invention provides a fuel oil which emits a reduced amount of exhaust gas such as NOX and THC and is used in an internal-combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber which is adapted so that a fuel oil and gas comprising 65% by volume or more of oxygen are subjected to combustion in the combustion chamber. 1. A fuel oil for an internal-combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber which is adapted so that the fuel oil and gas comprising 65% by volume or more of oxygen are subjected to combustion in the combustion chamber , wherein the fuel oil meets at least one of the following requirements (1) to (7):(1) the fuel oil comprises 60% by volume or more of a hydrocarbon oil, wherein an amount of saturated hydrocarbons is 30% by volume or more relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil, an amount of olefinic hydrocarbons is 35% by volume or less relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil and an amount of aromatic hydrocarbons is 50% by volume or less relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil;(2) the fuel oil comprises 60% by volume or more of a hydrocarbon oil, wherein an amount of saturated hydrocarbons is 30% by volume or more relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil, an amount of olefinic hydrocarbons is 40% by volume or less relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil and an amount of aromatic hydrocarbons is 50% by volume or less relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil; and the fuel oil has an initial boiling point of 21 to 80 degrees C., a 10% by volume distillation temperature of 35 to 90 degrees C., a 90% by volume distillation temperature of 100 to 190 degrees C. and a final boiling point of 130 to 230 degrees C.;(3) the fuel oil comprises 60% by volume or more of a hydrocarbon oil, wherein an amount of saturated hydrocarbons is 15% by volume or more relative to the total volume of the hydrocarbon oil, an amount of olefinic hydrocarbons is 35% by volume or less relative to ...

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Номер записи: 47
15-01-2015 дата публикации

Simultaneous Production of Base Oil and Fuel Components from Renewable Feedstock

Номер: US20150018581A1
Автор: Aalto Pekka, KETTUNEN Mika, MYLLYOJA Jukka, Piilola Rami, Sandstrom Goran
Принадлежит: NESTE OIL OYJ

The present invention provides a method for simultaneous production of components suitable for production of base oil and fuel components. In the method a feedstock comprising fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters is entered into a reaction zone and subjected to a ketonisation reaction in the presence of a dual catalyst system. This system is configured to perform a ketonisation reaction and a hydrotreatment reaction, under hydrogen pressure. Subsequently ketones are obtained. 1. A method for simultaneous production of components suitable for production of base oil and fuel components , comprising the steps of:a) introducing a feedstock comprising fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters into a reaction zone, andb) subjecting said feedstock to a ketonisation reaction in said reaction zone in the presence of a dual catalyst system configured to perform a ketonisation reaction and a hydrotreatment reaction, under hydrogen pressure, andc) obtaining from said ketonisation reaction ketones in addition to linear hydrocarbons from said fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said obtained ketones are further hydrodeoxygenated to form linear hydrocarbons.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said fatty acid esters are triglycerides.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said feedstock is at least partly claim 1 , preferably completely claim 1 , in liquid form when entered into said reaction zone.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure in said reaction zone is less than 10 MPa claim 1 , preferably from 0.1 to 5 MPa.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature in said reaction zone is from 200 to 450° C.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of hydrogen to feedstock is from 100 to 600 NI/I claim 1 , preferably from 100 to 500 NI/I.8. A method for simultaneous production of base oil components and fuel components claim 1 , comprising the steps of(i) introducing a feedstock ...

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Номер записи: 48
17-01-2019 дата публикации

MULTI-STAGE UPGRADING PYROLYSIS TAR PRODUCTS

Номер: US20190016980A1
Автор: FERRUGHELLI David T., Kar Kenneth Chi Hang, MENNITO Anthony S., Rubin-Pitel Sheryl B., Xu Teng
Принадлежит:

A first hydroprocessed product and a second hydroprocessed product produced from a multi-stage process for upgrading pyrolysis tar, such as steam cracker tar, are provided herein. Fuel blends including the first hydroprocessed product and/or the second hydroprocessed product are also provided herein as well as methods of lowering pour point of a gas oil using the first hydroprocessed product and the second hydroprocessed product. 1. A first hydroprocessed product comprising:aromatics in an amount ≥about 50 wt %;paraffins in an amount ≤about 5.0 wt %; andsulfur in an amount from about 0.10 wt % to <0.50 wt %; a boiling point distribution of about 145° C. to about 760° C. as measured according to ASTM D6352;', 'a pour point of ≤about 0.0° C., as measured according to ASTM D7346; and', {'sup': 2', '2, 'a kinematic viscosity at 50° C. from 20 mm/s to 200 mm/s, as measured according to ASTM D7042.'}], 'wherein the first hydroprocessed product has2. The first hydroprocessed product of further comprising asphaltenes in an amount from about 2.0 wt % to 10 wt %.3. The first hydroprocessed product of claim 1 , wherein the aromatics are present in an amount of ≥about 80 wt %.5. The first hydroprocessed product of having a pour point of ≤−5.0° C. claim 1 , as measured according to ASTM D7346.6. The first hydroprocessed product of having one or more of the following:(i) a Bureau of Mines Correlation Index (BMCI) of ≥about 100;{'sub': 'n', '(ii) a solubility number (S) of ≥about 130; and'}(iii) an energy content of ≥about 35 MJ/kg.7. A second hydroprocessed product comprising:aromatics in an amount ≥about 50 wt %;paraffins in an amount ≤about 5.0 wt %; andsulfur in an amount ≤0.30 wt %; a boiling point distribution of about 140° C. to about 760° C. as measured according to ASTM D6352;', 'a pour point of ≤about 12° C., as measured according to ASTM D5949; and', {'sup': 2', '2, 'a kinematic viscosity at 50° C. from 100 mm/s to 800 mm/s, as measured according to ASTM D7042.'}], ' ...

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Номер записи: 49
17-01-2019 дата публикации

MESITYLENE AS AN OCTANE ENHANCER FOR AUTOMOTIVE GASOLINE, ADDITIVE FOR JET FUEL, AND METHOD OF ENHANCING MOTOR FUEL OCTANE AND LOWERING JET FUEL CARBON EMISSIONS

Номер: US20190016982A1
Автор: "DAcosta Chris", Albuzat Thomas, Bower Donald L., Catania Philip J., Johnson Edward, Kasper Kenneth, Rusek John J., Stirm Brian, Ziulkowski Jonathon D.
Принадлежит: Swift Fuels, LLC

A motor fuel comprising gasoline comprising 70-99 wt % gasoline and 1 to 30 wt % of mesitylene. This fuel can advantageously contain conventional additives used in gasoline. The use of mesitylene in gasoline blend yields a fuel blend with a higher research octane number and motor octane number. In addition, an improved jet fuel is provided, having from 1-10 wt % mesitylene added to the jet fuel, having improved carbon emission characteristics while maintaining required specifications. Further, an improved bio-fuel is provided, which may function as a replacement for conventional Jet A/JP-8 fuel and has lowered carbon emission specifications, the bio-fuel comprised of 75-90 wt % synthetic parafinnic kerosene (SPK) and 10-25 wt % mesitylene. 1. A motor fuel comprising 70-99 wt % gasoline and 1-30 wt % mesitylene.2. The motor fuel of comprising 80-99 wt % gasoline and 1-20 wt % mesitylene.3. The motor fuel of comprising 80-95 wt % gasoline and 5-20 wt % mesitylene.4. The motor fuel of comprising 80-90 wt % gasoline and 10-20 wt % mesitylene.5. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a FBP max of 225° C. claim 1 , a MON of 80 to 94 claim 1 , and an RVP of 38-103 kPa.6. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a FBP of 170° C. to 225° C.7. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a 90% BP max of 185° C.8. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a 90% BP of 130° C. to 185° C.9. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a MON of at least 91.10. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a FBP of 170° C. to 225° C.11. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has an RVP of 38-49 kPa.12. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a FBP of 170° C. to 225° C.13. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a MON of at least 91.14. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a FBP of 170° C. to 225° C.15. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a 90% BP max of 185° C.16. The motor fuel of in which the motor fuel has a 90% BP of 130° C. ...

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Номер записи: 50
21-01-2021 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20210017458A1
Автор: Pruitt Tom F., Wohaibi Mohammed
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or CS to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 129-. (canceled)30. A fuel derived from combining(a) light oil and (1) said unconverted oils passed to solvent separation to remove insoluble remaining metals and asphaltenes to form soluble deasphalted oil, and', (i) an actual sulfur content of 0.5 wt. % or less, and', '(ii) initial boiling point being that of lowest boiling component of light tight oil or lighter materials from said hydroconversion so combined and', '(iii) highest boiling point being that of highest boiling component of said treated soluble deasphalted oil derived from high sulfur fuel oil or other residuals so combined., '(2) said soluble deasphalted oil subsequent treated either by additional hydrotreating or additional hydroconversion to form said treated soluble deasphalted oil, said fuel having'}], '(b) hydroconversion reaction effluent comprising treated soluble deasphalted oil and lighter materials derived from hydroconversion of high sulfur fuel oil, or other residuals processed by residue hydroconversion to form said effluent comprising treated liquids and unconverted oils,'}3150-. (canceled)51. A fuel characterized by comprising:(a) all or a portion of a ...

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Номер записи: 51
21-01-2021 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20210017459A1
Автор: Pruitt Tom F., Wohaibi Mohammed
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 1. A process for conversion of hydrocarbonaeous feeds comprising sulfur and metals to form a fuel characterized in that feed comprises light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil , said process comprising{'b': 41', '401, 'claim-text': [{'b': 411', '420, '(1) reactor zone effluent which is separated into hydroconverted liquids () and purge gases () comprising hydrogen and sulfur,'}, {'b': 409', '301', '311', '401', '351', '501, '(2) unconverted oils () which are directed to solvent separation () to form (A) soluble deasphalted oil () which is recycled as feed to said hydroconversion zone (), either separately or combined with added high sulfur fuel oil feed to said reactor and (B) insoluble pitch () which is directed to pitch treatment (), and'}], '(a) feeding one or more high sulfur fuel oils () to a residue hydroconversion zone () and contacting such oil with hydrogen in presence of catalyst at residue hydroconversion conditions in an ebullated-bed reactor to form'}{'b': 1', '411', '600, '(b) combining all or one or more portions of a light tight oil () with said hydroconverted liquids () to form a fuel ().'}2. A process in accordance ...

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Номер записи: 52
21-01-2021 дата публикации

Fuel compositions from light tight oils and high sulfur fuel oils

Номер: US20210017460A1
Автор: Mohammed Wohaibi, Tom F. Pruitt
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydro-carbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains.

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Номер записи: 53
21-01-2021 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20210017461A1
Автор: Pruitt Tom F., Wohaibi Mohammed
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 144-. (canceled)45. A formulated combination useful as a fuel characterized in that it is formed by combining a range of hydrocarbons of (L)+(M)+(H) and the resulting combination is from 30% to 70% by volume of (M) range constituents and the remainder is equal parts of (L) and (H) at (L)/(H) in ratio of 0.9/1 to 1/0.9 , for 100 volume percent total , and final combination density is within 820 to 880 Kg/M3 at 15° C. , total sulfur is 0.25 wt. % or less and metals are 40 ppmwt or less(a) wherein (L) comprises components of naphtha and kerosene range materials, which are refined or partially refined, unrefined or extracted and used without being subject to any fractionation, hydrotreating or other treatment process, except optional separation of light gases or water, having an initial boiling point of 38° C. (100° F.) or less having a ninety percent (90%) plus final boiling point of 190° C. (374° F.) to about 205° C. (401° F.), where (L) range components contribute to (L) range bulk density and to final combination density even though individual constituents of (L) may fall outside said combination density range(b) wherein (M) ...

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Номер записи: 54
22-01-2015 дата публикации

PETROLEUM SUBSTITUTE COMPRISED OF AN ORGANIC SOLVENT EXTRACT OF HERBACEOUS PLANT BIOMASS

Номер: US20150020441A1
Автор: MATTHEWS Stephen Daniel
Принадлежит: PHYTOLEUM TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, L.L.C.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed generally to a composition of matter and, more specifically, to a composition comprising a petroleum substitute produced from renewable, herbaceous plant-based sources through a solvent extraction process. The plant sources are typically hydrocarbon-bearing plants capable of producing significant quantities of liquid terpenes such that the process of extracting hydrocarbons from the plant material is economically viable. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the plant species is Euphorbia tirucalli, a species that contains relatively large quantities of relatively low molecular weight hydrocarbons. A raw plant biomass is milled and formed into a batt of plant material having generally uniform properties. Naturally occurring hydrocarbons found in the plant material are then extracted using an organic solvent extraction process. The extracted hydrocarbon oils are then separated from the solvent and may be used as a petroleum substitute, while the solvent may be reused in the extraction operation. 1.) A composition used as a petroleum substitute comprising an organic solvent extract of Euphorbia tirucalli plant material.2.) The composition of claim 1 , said extract comprising hydrocarbons formed from oligomerized pentenes.3.) The composition of claim 2 , said pentenes comprising 2-methyl-2-butene.4.) The composition of claim 2 , said pentenes comprising 2-methyl-1-butene.5.) The composition of claim 1 , said extract comprising plant isoprenoids formed from 2-methyl-1-butene subunits.6.) The composition of claim 1 , said composition having a naphtha fraction comprised of 2 claim 1 ,6-dimethyl-2 claim 1 ,6-octadiene and 2 claim 1 ,7-dimethyl-2 claim 1 ,6-octadiene.7.) The composition of claim 6 , said naphtha fraction further comprising monoterpene compounds.)8.) The composition of claim 6 , said naphtha fraction comprising greater than ⅓ of the extracted material.9.) The composition of claim 6 , said ...

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Номер записи: 55
22-01-2015 дата публикации

Blends of synthetic diesel fuel and petroleum diesel fuel with improved performance characteristics

Номер: US20150021231A1
Автор: Schuetzle Dennis, Schuetzle Robert
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a blended fuel and methods for producing the blended fuel, wherein a synthetic fuel derived from a alternative resources such as natural gas, associated gas, biomass, or other feedstocks is blended with a traditional, petroleum derived fuel. A blended fuel which includes greater than 5% by volume of the synthetic fuel has an overall improved lifecycle greenhouse gas content of about 2.5% or more compared to the petroleum derived fuel. Also, blending of the low carbon fuel to the traditional, petroleum fuel improves various performance characteristics of the traditional fuel by at least 5%. 1. A blended fuel comprising:(a) about 5% to about 95%, by volume, of a petroleum fuel; and(b) about 95% to about 5%, by volume, of a synthetic fuel produced from a natural gas feedstock, using a thermochemical or biochemical conversion process:wherein the synthetic fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least about 20% lower than a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the synthetic fuel has at least two performance characteristic values measurable by ASTM tests which are at least about 40% improved than corresponding performance characteristic values of the petroleum fuel; andwherein the blended fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least 1% lower than the well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the blended fuel has at least two performance characteristic values measurable by ASTM tests which are at least about 2% improved than corresponding performance characteristic values of the petroleum fuel.2. The blended fuel of claim 1 , wherein the blended fuel is produced by a process comprising converting a natural gas feedstock into a syngas andreacting the syngas with a catalyst to produce the synthetic fuel.3. The blended fuel of claim 1 , wherein the performance characteristic values are any one of a cetane number claim 1 , a lubricity value claim 1 , a ...

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Номер записи: 56
22-01-2015 дата публикации

HIGH POWER FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20150021232A1
Автор: CHINNUSAMY Balasubramanian, Clark Richard Hugh, EWEN James Patrick, STEVENSON Paul Anthony, WARDLE Robert Wilfred Matthews
Принадлежит:

A fuel composition is prepared by blending a petroleum derived low sulphur diesel with a Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil and a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil wherein the amount of the petroleum derived low sulphur diesel is from 60% up to 80% v/v of the total composition; the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil is from 10% up to 30% v/v of the total composition; the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil is from 10% up to 30% v/v of the total composition; the amounts of the Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil together being at least 20% v/v of the total composition. 1. A fuel composition prepared by blending a petroleum derived low sulphur diesel comprising <50 ppm of sulphur with a Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil and a Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil wherein the amount of the petroleum derived low sulphur diesel is from 60% up to 80% v/v of the total composition; the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil is from 10% up to 30% v/v of the total composition; the amount of Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil is from 10% up to 30% v/v of the total composition; the amounts of the Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil together being at least 20% v/v of the total composition; and wherein the petroleum derived low sulphur diesel has a density of 0.81 to 0.865 g/cmat 15° C. and a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) from 1.5 to 4.5 mm/s at 40° C.; the Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil has a density of 0.76 to 0.80 g/cmat 15° C. and a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) from 2.0 to 4.5 mm/s at 40° C.; the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oil has a density of 0.79 to 0.82 g/cmat 15° C. and a kinematic viscosity (ASTM D445) from 7.5 to 12.0 mm/s at 40° C.; and wherein the composition has increased power performance in a diesel engine when compared to fuel compositions comprising only a petroleum derived low sulphur diesel comprising <50 ppm of sulphur and a Fischer-Tropsch derived gasoil.2. The fuel composition of claim ...

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Номер записи: 57
28-01-2016 дата публикации

PYROLYSIS REACTIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ALKENE

Номер: US20160024394A1
Автор: BRESSLER David
Принадлежит: THE GOVERNORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA

Described herein are methods for producing branched alkanes and branched alkenes from the pyrolysis of radical precursors in the presence of one or more alkenes. The branched alkanes and branched alkene have numerous applications as fuels, plat form chemicals, and solvents. 1. A method for producing a fuel or solvent comprising a branched alkane , a branched alkene , or a combination thereof comprising heating a fatty acid in the presence of one or more alkenes to produce the fuel or solvent , wherein the fuel or solvent has less than 5% by weight aromatic compounds.2. A method for producing a fuel or solvent comprising a branched alkane , a branched alkene , or a combination thereof from a fatty acid comprising heating the fatty acid in the presence of one or more alkenes , wherein the fatty acid is separated from a fatty acid resource prior to heating in the presence of the alkene.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the method for separating the fatty acid from the fatty acid resource comprises (a) separating one or more triglycerides from the fatty acid resource claim 2 , (b) hydrolyzing the triglyceride to produce the free fatty acid claim 2 , and (c) isolating the free fatty acid.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fatty acid resource comprises a monoglycerides claim 2 , a diglyceride claim 2 , a triglyceride claim 2 , a lipid claim 2 , a free fatty acid or salt thereof claim 2 , or any combination thereof.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fatty acid resource comprises vegetable oil claim 2 , animal fats claim 2 , spent cooking oil claim 2 , lipids derived from biosolids claim 2 , lipids claim 2 , phospholipids claim 2 , triglycerides claim 2 , or a biooil.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the vegetable oil comprises corn oil claim 5 , cottonseed oil claim 5 , canola oil claim 5 , rapeseed oil claim 5 , olive oil claim 5 , palm oil claim 5 , peanut oil claim 5 , ground nut oil claim 5 , safflower oil claim 5 , sesame oil claim 5 , soybean oil claim 5 , ...

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Номер записи: 58
28-01-2016 дата публикации

CONFIGURATIONS AND METHOD OF INTEGRATING A GAS TO LIQUIDS (GTL) PLANT IN A REFINERY

Номер: US20160024401A1
Автор: Dabee Sanjiv, Koppel Paul E., Ravikumar Ravi, Zychowicz Johnathon
Принадлежит:

A crude oil processing plant that comprises a Fischer-Tropsch reactor is disclosed. The crude oil processing plant comprises a crude oil processing section and a hydrogen production section. The hydrogen production section is coupled to a hydrocracker in the crude oil processing section to deliver a high purity hydrogen stream. The Fischer-Tropsch reactor receives a syngas stream from the hydrogen production section and produces a hydrocarbon stream. When light crude oil is processed, the hydrocracker typically has excess capacities to upgrade the hydrocarbon stream from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. 1. A crude oil processing plant having a crude oil processing section and a hydrogen production section , wherein the crude oil processing section includes a distillation unit and a hydrocracker , wherein the hydrogen production section includes a steam methane reformer and a shift reactor , and wherein the hydrogen production section is coupled to the hydrocracker to deliver a high purity hydrogen stream , the plant comprising:a Fischer-Tropsch reactor coupled to the steam methane reformer, and the hydrocracker, wherein the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is configured to receive a first portion of a steam methane reformer product stream and produce (i) a hydrocarbon stream to deliver to the hydrocracker and (ii) a tail gas stream to deliver to at least one of the shift reactor and the steam methane reformer.2. The plant of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocracker is configured to receive the hydrocarbon stream claim 1 , the high purity hydrogen stream claim 1 , and a fractionated crude oil from the distillation unit to produce a mixture of a naphtha claim 1 , jet fuel claim 1 , and a diesel product.3. The plant of claim 2 , wherein the hydrocracker is configured to produce the diesel product having a cetane number of at least 45.4. The plant of claim 2 , wherein the distillation column is configured to receive a light crude oil to produce the fractionated crude oil.5. The plant of ...

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Номер записи: 59
26-01-2017 дата публикации

BIOMASS CONVERSION PROCESS TO HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20170022422A1
Автор: JOHNSON Kimberly Ann, POWELL Joseph Broun
Принадлежит:

A process for the production of a higher hydrocarbon useful to produce diesel components from solid biomass is provided. The process provides for improved production of diesel components by contacting the stable oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediate containing diols produced from digestion and hydrodoxygenation of the solid biomass to an amorphous silica alumina catalyst to reduce the diols content, and removing water prior to contacting with the condensation catalyst to produce the higher hydrocarbon. 1. A process for the production of a higher hydrocarbon from solid biomass , said process comprising:a. providing a biomass solid containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin;b. digesting and hydrodeoxygenating the biomass solid in a liquid digestive solvent, said digestive solvent containing a solvent mixture having a boiling point of at least 40° C. in the presence of a hydrothermal hydrocatalytic catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature in the range of from 110° C. to less than 300° C. at a pressure in a range of from 20 bar to 200 bar to form a stable oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediate product having a viscosity of less than 100 centipoise (at 50° C.), a diol content of at least 2 wt %, less than 2wt % of sugar, and less than 2wt % acid (based on acetic acid equivalent), based on the intermediate product, and at least 60% of carbon exists in molecules having 9 carbon atoms or less;c. reacting at least a portion of the stable oxygenated hydrocarbon intermediate product with an acidic amorphous silica alumina catalyst at a temperature in the range from 300° C. to 400° C. thereby producing monooxygenated stream containing water and monooxygenates having a boiling point of at least 40° C.;d. condensing the monooxygenated stream to liquid phase producing an aqueous phase and an organic phase;e. removing at least a portion of aqueous phase from the organic phase to provide a condensed organic stream containing the monooxygenates;f. contacting the ...

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Номер записи: 60
26-01-2017 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR THE HYDROTREATMENT OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS, WITH AN OPTIMIZED GAS RECYCLE

Номер: US20170022424A1
Автор: BAZER-BACHI Frederic, BOUCHER Sebastien, CARVALHO Octavio, CHAPUS Thierry, FEDOU Stephane, SCHARFF Yves, TELLIER Elodie
Принадлежит: IFP ENERGIES NOUVELLES

A process for the hydrotreatment of a feed obtained from renewable sources in which the total stream of feed F is divided into a number of different part-streams of feed F1 to Fn equal to the number of catalytic zones n, where n is 1 to 10. The mass flow rate of hydrogen sent to the first catalytic zone represents more than 80% by weight of the total mass flow rate of hydrogen used. The effluent from the reactor outlet undergoes at least one separation step. A portion of the liquid fraction is recycled to the catalytic zones in a manner such that the local recycle ratio for each of the beds is 2 or less, and the local dilution ratio over each of the beds is less than 4. 1. A process for the hydrotreatment of a feed obtained from renewable sources in order to produce paraffinic hydrocarbons carried out in the presence of hydrogen in a fixed bed reactor having a plurality of catalytic zones disposed in series and each comprising at least one hydrotreatment catalyst , in which:{'sup': −1', '−1', '3', '3, 'a) the total stream of feed F is divided into a number of different part-streams of feed F1 to Fn equal to the number of catalytic zones n, where n is a whole number in the range 1 to 10, in the reactor, the first part-stream of feed F1 being injected into the first catalytic zone Z1, the second part-stream of feed F2 being injected into the second catalytic zone Z2 and so on if n is greater than 2, the hydrotreatment process being operated at a temperature in the range 180° C. to 400° C., at a pressure in the range 0.1 MPa to 15 MPa, at an hourly space velocity in the range 0.1 hto 10 h, and with a ratio of the flow rate of hydrogen to the flow rate of feed in the range 150 to 1500 Nm/m, the mass flow rate of hydrogen sent to the first catalytic zone representing more than 80% by weight of the total mass flow rate of hydrogen used in the hydrotreatment process, in order to produce at least one effluent containing paraffinic hydrocarbons from the reactor outlet,'}b) ...

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Номер записи: 61
24-01-2019 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ORGANIC COMPOUND STORAGE AND TRANSFER

Номер: US20190022556A1
Автор: Cordatos Haralambos, Rheaume Jonathan
Принадлежит:

A method for mitigating gas and vapor absorption into organic compounds includes degassing an organic compound to generate a degassed organic compound that includes an Ocontent less than or equal to 50% of a saturated value of the organic compound. The method includes transferring the degassed organic compound while preventing contamination of the organic compound through gas absorption. The method includes storing the degassed organic compound in a storage receptacle to mitigate gas and vapor absorption. An organic compound storage and transfer system includes an organic compound source. An organic compound from the organic compound source includes an Ocontent less than or equal to 50% of a saturated value of the organic compound. A storage receptacle is in fluid communication with the organic compound source. An inert gas source is in fluid communication with the storage receptacle to purge the storage receptacle of other gasses and vapors. 1. A method for mitigating gas and vapor absorption into organic compounds , the method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'degassing an organic compound to generate a degassed organic compound that includes an Ocontent less than or equal to 50% of a saturated value of the organic compound;'}transferring the degassed organic compound while preventing contamination of the organic compound through gas absorption; andstoring the degassed organic compound in a storage receptacle to mitigate gas and vapor absorption.2. A method as recited in claim 1 , wherein degassing the organic compound includes degassing by using a membrane.3. A method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising supplying inert gas to the storage receptacle claim 1 , wherein transferring the degassed organic compound includes pumping the degassed organic compound into the storage receptacle supplied with the inert gas.4. A method as recited in claim 3 , wherein supplying inert gas to the storage receptacle includes supplying the inert gas with an on-board inert gas ...

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Номер записи: 62
29-01-2015 дата публикации

REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE AS AMMONIUM SULFATE FROM HYDROPYROLYSIS PRODUCT VAPORS

Номер: US20150027184A1
Автор: FELIX Larry G., LINCK Martin B., Marker Terry L., Roberts Michael J.
Принадлежит:

A system and method for processing biomass into hydrocarbon fuels that includes processing a biomass in a hydropyrolysis reactor resulting in hydrocarbon fuels and a process vapor stream and cooling the process vapor stream to a condensation temperature resulting in an aqueous stream. The aqueous stream is sent to a catalytic reactor where it is oxidized to obtain a product stream containing ammonia and ammonium sulfate. A resulting cooled product vapor stream includes non-condensable process vapors comprising H, CH, CO, CO, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.

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Номер записи: 63
10-02-2022 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR HOLISTIC LOW CARBON INTENSITY FUEL PRODUCTION

Номер: US20220043406A1
Автор: Herold Gregory, Whikehart David
Принадлежит: MARATHON PETROLEUM COMPANY LP

Systems and methods to provide low carbon intensity (CI) transportation fuels through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions based upon an analysis of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various options for feedstock procurement, feedstock refining, processing, or transformation, and fuel product distribution pathways to end users. Such options are selected to maintain the total CI (carbon emissions per unit energy) of the transportation fuel below a pre-selected threshold that defines an upper limit of CI for the transportation fuel. 1. A process to provide a low carbon intensity (CI) transportation fuel obtained through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various feedstock procurement , feedstock transportation , feedstock refining and fuel product distribution pathways , the process comprising:selecting a carbon intensity threshold to define an upper limit for carbon intensity of a transportation fuel to be provided to an end user location that qualifies the transportation fuel as a low carbon intensity transportation fuel;selecting a refinery feedstock that is procured at a source for transport, the refinery feedstock being selected to reduce carbon emissions associated therewith and thereby maintain the carbon intensity of the transportation fuel below the carbon intensity threshold;selecting a transportation mode to transport the refinery feedstock from the source to a refinery, the transportation mode being selected to reduce carbon emissions associated therewith and thereby maintain the carbon intensity of the transportation fuel below the carbon intensity threshold;selecting refinery processes to reduce carbon emissions associated with refining the refinery feedstock to a plurality of refined products and thereby maintain the carbon intensity of the transportation fuel below the carbon intensity threshold;refining the refinery feedstock into one or more of the plurality of refined ...

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Номер записи: 64
28-01-2021 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20210024838A1
Автор: Pruitt Tom F., Wohaibi Mohammed
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 115-. (canceled)16. A process for conversion of one or more hydrocarbonaeous feeds comprising sulfur and metals characterized in that said conversion is directed to a single liquid fuel product , said process comprising{'b': 2', '3', '100', '200, 'claim-text': [{'b': '6', '(i) light overhead still gases (),'}, {'b': '16', '(ii) liquid fractions at or below sulfur breakpoint (), and'}, [{'b': 24', '26', '28', '32, '(A) distillate range fractions comprising sulfur (,,, )'}, {'b': 36', '38, '(B) vacuum gas oil range fractions comprising sulfur (, ) and'}, {'b': '50', '(C) vacuum residue comprising sulfur (), and associated purge gases comprising sulfur'}], '(iii) fractions above sulfur breakpoint comprising'}], '(a) separating said feed (, ) by atmospheric () and vacuum distillation (), into'}{'b': 10', '600, '(b) directing the liquid fractions at or below the sulfur breakpoint (), as untreated liquids, to a combination zone ()'}{'b': 16', '20', '430', '16', '39', '460, 'claim-text': [{'b': 65', '75', '600, '(1) one or more treated liquids (, ) which are directed to a combination zone (), and'}, {'b': '428', '(2) purge gases comprising ...

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Номер записи: 65
28-01-2021 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20210024839A1
Автор: Pruitt Tom F., Wohaibi Mohammed
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired FIG. by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 114-. (canceled)15. Combustion in marine or land based engines , combustion gas turbines , or fired heaters of a fuel comprising light tight oil and processed high sulfur fuel oil , wherein{'b': 41', '401, 'claim-text': [{'b': '411', '(1) hydroconverted liquids () and'}, {'b': 409', '301', '311', '401, '(2) unconverted oils () directed to solvent separation () to form soluble deasphalted oil () for recycle as feed to said hydroconversion zone (), either separately or combined with added high sulfur fuel oil feed to said reactor and'}], '(a) said processed high sulfur fuel oil () has been processed in a residue hydroconversion zone () by contact with hydrogen in presence of catalyst at residue hydroconversion conditions in an ebullated-bed reactor to form'}{'b': 1', '15, 'i': 'a', '(b) all or one or more portions of a light tight oil () is combined with said processed high sulfur fuel oil of .() to form said fuel.'}1628-. (canceled)29. Combustion in marine or land based engines , combustion gas turbines , or fired heaters of a single fuel product of one or more hydrocarbonaeous feeds comprising sulfur and metals , said fuel ...

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Номер записи: 66
28-01-2021 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20210024840A1
Автор: Pruitt Tom F., Wohaibi Mohammed
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 147-. (canceled)48. A formulated combination useful as a fuel characterized in that it is formed by combining a range of hydrocarbons of (L)+(M)+(H) and the resulting final combination has the following properties:(a) sulfur from 0.05 wt. % (500 ppmwt) to 0.25 wt. % (2500 ppmwt),(b) final combination density from 820 to 880 Kg/M3 at 15° C.,(c) total metals of 25 ppmwt or less,(d) HHV from 43.81 to 45.15 MJ/kg, and(e) LHV from 41.06 to 42.33 MJ/kgwherein,(f) wherein (L) comprises components of naphtha and kerosene range materials, which are refined or partially refined, unrefined or extracted and used without being subject to any fractionation, hydrotreating or other treatment process, except optional separation of light gases or water, having an initial boiling point of 38° C. (100° F.) or less having a ninety percent (90%) plus final boiling point of 190° C. (374° F.) to about 205° C. (401° F.), where (L) range components contribute to (L) range bulk density and to final combination density even though individual constituents of (L) may fall outside said combination density range(g) wherein (M) comprises refined or partially refined ...

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Номер записи: 67
28-01-2021 дата публикации

Low sulfur fuel with adequate combustion quality

Номер: US20210024842A1
Автор: Erin R. Fruchey, Kenneth C. H. Kar, Sheryl B. RUBIN-PITEL, Suzanne R. Golisz
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

Fuel compositions that are low sulfur and have adequate combustion quality are disclosed. An example fuel composition that is low sulfur may have the following enumerated properties: a sulfur content of about 0.50% or less by weight of the fuel composition; a calculated carbon aromaticity index of about 870 or less; a density at 15° C. of about 900 kg/m3 to about 1,010 kg/m3; a kinematic viscosity at 50° C. of about 100 centistokes to about 700 centistokes; and an estimated cetane number of about 7 or greater.

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Номер записи: 68
28-01-2021 дата публикации

Production of lubricant oils from thermally cracked resids

Номер: US20210024846A1
Автор: Beatrice M. Gooding, Brenda A. Raich, Federico Barrai, Keith K. Aldous, Stephen H. Brown, Stephen M. Davis, Warren B. AMES
Принадлежит: ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co

Methods are provided for processing deasphalted gas oils derived from thermally cracked resid fractions to form Group I, Group II, and/or Group III lubricant base oils. The yield of lubricant base oils (optionally also referred to as base stocks) can be increased by thermally cracking a resid fraction at an intermediate level of single pass severity relative to conventional methods. By performing thermal cracking to a partial level of conversion, compounds within a resid fraction that are beneficial for increasing both the viscosity and the viscosity index of a lubricant base oil can be retained, thus allowing for an improved yield of higher viscosity lubricant base oils from a thermally cracked resid fraction.

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Номер записи: 69
10-02-2022 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR HOLISTIC LOW CARBON INTENSITY FUEL PRODUCTION

Номер: US20220044336A1
Автор: Herold Gregory, Whikehart David
Принадлежит: MARATHON PETROLEUM COMPANY LP

Systems and methods to provide low carbon intensity (CI) transportation fuels through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions based upon an analysis of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various options for feedstock procurement, feedstock refining, processing, or transformation, and fuel product distribution pathways to end users. Such options are selected to maintain the total CI (carbon emissions per unit energy) of the transportation fuel below a pre-selected threshold that defines an upper limit of CI for the transportation fuel. 1. A process to provide a low carbon intensity (CI) transportation fuel obtained through one or more targeted reductions of carbon emissions associated with a combination of various feedstock procurement , feedstock transportation , feedstock refining and fuel product distribution pathways , the process comprising:selecting a carbon intensity threshold to define an upper limit for carbon intensity of a transportation fuel to be provided to an end user location that qualifies the transportation fuel as a low carbon intensity transportation fuel;selecting a refinery feedstock that is procured at a source for transport, the refinery feedstock being selected to reduce carbon emissions associated therewith and thereby maintain the carbon intensity of the transportation fuel below the carbon intensity threshold;selecting a transportation mode to transport the refinery feedstock from the source to a refinery, the transportation mode being selected to reduce carbon emissions associated therewith and thereby maintain the carbon intensity of the transportation fuel below the carbon intensity threshold;selecting two or more refinery processes to reduce carbon emissions and thereby maintain the carbon intensity of the transportation fuel below the carbon intensity threshold, the two or more refinery processes available at the refinery selected from a group comprising (a) power at least a portion of refinery equipment ...

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Номер записи: 70
29-01-2015 дата публикации

Renewable High Density Turbine And Diesel Fuels From Sesquiterpenes

Номер: US20150031927A1
Автор: Harvey Benjamin G., Meylemans Heather A.
Принадлежит:

A fuel and method for conversion of sesquiterpenes to high density fuels. The sesquiterpenes can be either extracted from plants or specifically produced by bioengineered organisms from waste biomass. This approach allows for the synthesis of high performance renewable fuels. 1. A method for manufacturing jet and diesel fuels , comprising:providing pure and/or mixed sesquiterpenes isolated from plant extracts and/or biosynthesized from biomass;purifying said pure and/or mixed sesquiterpenes to produce single components or mixtures of sesquiterpenes; directly hydrogenating said single component or mixed sesquiterpenes with at least one hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogen pressure; or', 'isomerizing either with or without a solvent, said single component or mixed sesquiterpenes with at least one heterogeneous acid catalyst to produce isomers and hydrogenating said isomers with at least one hydrogenation catalyst under hydrogen pressure; and, 'converting said single component or mixed sesquiterpenes by either,'}distilling either said hydrogenated single component or mixed sesquiterpenes or said hydrogenated isomers to produce high density fuels.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said pure and/or mixed sesquiterpenes are selected from the group consisting of valencene claim 1 , premnaspirodiene claim 1 , caryophyllene claim 1 , humulene claim 1 , clovene claim 1 , neoclovene claim 1 , panasinsene claim 1 , thujopsene claim 1 , longifolene claim 1 , cubebene claim 1 , zizaene claim 1 , santalene claim 1 , longipinene claim 1 , isomers of the above sesquiterpenes claim 1 , other cyclic terpenes claim 1 , and any mixtures thereof.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said single component or mixed sesquiterpenes are selected from the group consisting of caryophyllene claim 1 , valencene claim 1 , premnaspirodiene claim 1 , or any mixture thereof.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said isomers are at least one isomer selected from the group ...

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Номер записи: 71
29-01-2015 дата публикации

METHOD FOR PRODUCING FUEL OIL

Номер: US20150031929A1
Автор: Asoaka Sachio, KIMURA Toshiyuki, Li XiaoHong
Принадлежит:

Provided is a method that is for producing fuel oil and that can cheaply and highly efficiently produce a fuel oil—or starting material thereof—having as the primary component n-paraffin or isoparaffin from a starting material oil containing a fatty acid alkyl ester, even while reducing hydrogen pressure. The method for producing fuel oil has a step for producing fuel oil having one or both of n-paraffin and isoparaffin as the primary component by contacting hydrogen gas and a starting material oil containing a fatty acid alkyl ester under the condition of a hydrogen pressure of no greater than 1 MPa to a catalyst resulting from supporting on a porous metal oxide support one or more metal elements belonging to group nine or group ten of the periodic table, and one or more group six element oxides belonging to group six of the periodic table. The weight ratio of the group six elements to the metal elements contained in the catalyst is no greater than 1.0 in terms of the metal. 1. A method for producing fuel oil , comprising:a step for producing a fuel oil composed mainly of one or both of n-paraffin and isoparaffin by contacting:a base oil containing fatty acid alkyl ester, andhydrogen gaswith a catalyst, obtained by supporting one or a plurality of metal elements belonging to group 9 or group 10 of the periodic table and one or a plurality of group 6 element oxides belonging to group 6 of the periodic table on a porous metal oxide support, under conditions of a hydrogen pressure of 1 MPa or less;wherein,the weight ratio as metal of the group 6 element contained in the catalyst to the metal element does not exceed 1.0.2. The method for producing fuel oil according to claim 1 , wherein the metal element is nickel and/or cobalt claim 1 , and the group 6 element is molybdenum and/or tungsten.3. The method for producing fuel oil according to claim 2 , wherein the metal element is nickel and the group 6 element is molybdenum.4. The method for producing fuel oil according ...

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Номер записи: 72
02-02-2017 дата публикации

HYDROCARBON SYNTHESIS METHODS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEMS

Номер: US20170029711A1
Автор: Greuel Peter G., McNeff Clayton V., McNeff Larry C., Nowlan Daniel Thomas, Yan Bingwen
Принадлежит:

Embodiments of the invention include apparatus and systems for hydrocarbon synthesis and methods regarding the same. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method for creating a hydrocarbon product stream comprising reacting a reaction mixture in the presence of a catalyst inside of a reaction vessel to form a product mixture, the reaction mixture comprising a carbon source and water. The temperature inside the reaction vessel can be between 450 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius and the pressure inside the reaction vessel can be above supercritical pressure for water. In an embodiment, the invention includes an extrusion reactor system for creating a hydrocarbon product stream. The temperature inside the extrusion reactor housing between 450 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius. Pressure inside the reaction vessel can be above supercritical pressure for water. Other embodiments are also included herein. 1. A method for creating a hydrocarbon product stream comprising:reacting components of a reaction mixture in the presence of a catalyst to form a product mixture, the reaction mixture comprising a carbon source and water, wherein the reaction takes place inside a reaction vessel;wherein the temperature inside the reaction vessel is between 450 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius and the pressure inside the reaction vessel is above supercritical pressure for water;wherein the catalyst comprises a metal oxide.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction mixture includes at least about 50% water by mass.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbon source includes one or more selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acids claim 1 , fatty acids claim 1 , triglycerides claim 1 , and carbohydrates.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction vessel is part of an extrusion system.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a metal oxide that is stable at temperatures above 450 degrees Celsius in the presence of supercritical ...

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Номер записи: 73
02-02-2017 дата публикации

Methods and systems for processing lignin during hydrothermal digestion of cellulosic biomass solids

Номер: US20170029713A1
Автор: Joseph Broun Powell, Kimberly Ann Johnson
Принадлежит: Shell Oil Co

Digestion of cellulosic biomass solids may be complicated by release of lignin therefrom. Methods for digesting cellulosic biomass solids may comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids in a digestion solvent; at least partially converting the cellulosic biomass solids into a phenolics liquid phase comprising lignin, an aqueous phase comprising an alcoholic component derived from the cellulosic biomass solids, and an optional light organics phase; and separating the phenolics liquid phase from the aqueous phase, at least partially depolymerizing the lignin in the phenolics liquid phase, wherein at least partially depolymerizing the lignin generates hydrocarbons.

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Номер записи: 74
02-02-2017 дата публикации

TREATING HYDROGEN AND HYDROCARBON INCLUSIVE LIQUID & GAS SUBSTANCES MORE EFFICIENTLY DUE TO THE MAXIMIZED SUFFICIENT MAGNETICAL IMPACTS PROVIDED BY AN IMPROVED NEW GENERATION DEVICE

Номер: US20170029715A1
Автор: ERYILMAZ Cengiz
Принадлежит:

This invention relates to an improved new generation simplified device, formed of a nonmagnetic cylindrical shaped brass filled outer complete body consisting 2 inlet and outlet nozzles, which are connected to the pipe lines, for treatment of hydrogen and hydrocarbon consisting liquid and gas substances as water and more particularly liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon fuels, such as gasoline, gasohol, diesel fuel, kerosene, propane, natural gas, oil like more efficiently due to the maximized high-intensive sufficient improved magnetic impacts, for their beneficiaries. 1171891616731516182833318264131421458111248342526272818283319222527293031192225272930313131202326323434. A new generation simplified device is characterised by , generally having a nonmagnetic cylindrical shaped brass (could be other nonmagnetical convenient materials) filled outer complete body which is totally consisted of 3 main parts whereas one of the main parts which is nonmagnetic cylindrical shaped brass filled outer half body has outer total length of 183 mm ( , ) and outer ø 42 mm ( , ) , whereas formed from 3 different sized sections (could be designed more sections) generally where the first section of the general main part forming the totally closed side of the nonmagnetic cylindrical shaped brass filled outer body() and having a nozzle () (outer ø 12 mm and inner ø 8 mm and 30 mm length) used as outlet port () (could be in different sizes and measurements according to the requirements) where the hydrogen and hydrocarbon consisting liquid and gas substances as water and more particularly liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon fuels , such as gasoline , gasohol , diesel fuel , kerosene , propane , natural gas , oil leaves the new generation simplified device and second section of the general main part which is forming the inner cylindrical open bed () has (outer ø 42 mm and inner ø 31 mm and length 148 mm) ( , ) (could be in different sizes and measurements according to the requirements) for the ...

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Номер записи: 75
04-02-2016 дата публикации

RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION

Номер: US20160032204A1
Автор: LAUMOLA Heli, LINDBERG Teemu, NOUSIAINEN Jaakko, RISSANEN Arto
Принадлежит: UPM- KYMMENE CORPORATION

The present invention provides a composition comprising 8-30 mass % of Clinear alkanes, 5-50 mass % of Cbranched alkanes, 25-60 mass % of Ccycloalkanes, 1-25 mass of Caromatic hydrocarbons, no more than 1 mass % of alkenes, and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds; wherein the total amount of Calkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of Calkanes, Ccycloalkanes and Caromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step. 1. A composition comprising 8-30 mass % of Clinear alkanes , 5-50 mass % of Cbranched alkanes , 25-60 mass % of Ccycloalkanes , 1-25 mass of Caromatic hydrocarbons , no more than 1 mass % of alkenes , and no more than 0.5 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds;{'sub': 4-12', '4-12', '5-12', '6-12, 'wherein the total amount of Calkanes is 40-80 mass %, and the total amount of Calkanes, Ccycloalkanes and Caromatic hydrocarbons is at least 95 mass %; and'}wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition.2. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Clinear alkanes is 10-20 mass %.3. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Cbranched alkanes is 20-40 mass %.4. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Ccycloalkanes is 30-50 mass %.5. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Caromatic hydrocarbons is 2-15 mass %.6. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the linear alkanes are Clinear alkanes.7. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the branched alkanes are Cbranched alkanes8. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cycloalkanes are Ccycloalkanes.9. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the aromatic hydrocarbons are Caromatic hydrocarbons.10. A method ...

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Номер записи: 76
04-02-2021 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS FROM LIGHT TIGHT OILS AND HIGH SULFUR FUEL OILS

Номер: US20210032551A1
Автор: Pruitt Tom F., Wohaibi Mohammed
Принадлежит: MAWETAL LLC

Methods are provided to prepare a low sulfur fuel from hydrocarbon sources, such as light tight oil and high sulfur fuel oil, often less desired by conventional refiners, who split crude into a wide range of differing products and may prefer presence of wide ranges (C3 or C5 to C20 or higher) of hydrocarbons. These fuels can be produced by separating feeds into untreated and treated streams, and then recombining them. Such fuels can also be formulated by combinations of light, middle and heavy range constituents in a selected manner as claimed. Not only low in sulfur, the fuels of this invention are also low in nitrogen and essentially metals free. Fuel use applications include on-board large marine transport vessels but also on-shore for large land based combustion gas turbines, boilers, fired heaters and transport vehicles and trains. 149-. (canceled)50. A formulated fuel comprising light tight oil and hydroconversion effluent boiling at or below highest boiling component of treated soluble deasphalted oil derived from high sulfur fuel oil or other residuals processed by said hydroconversion , said fuel having a range of hydrocarbons from an initial boiling being that of lowest boiling component of light tight oil or lighter materials from said hydroconversion so combined and highest boiling point being that of highest boiling component of said treated soluble deasphalted oil derived from high sulfur fuel oil or other residuals so processed and combined and said fuel having , a density within 820 to 880 Kg/M3 at 15° C. , sulfur of 0.5 wt. % or less , and metals of 25 ppmwt or less.51. A formulated fuel comprising all or a portion of light tight oil and of an effluent of hydroconversion treated by solvent separation to remove heavier asphaltenes and to substantially eliminate metals from unconverted oil of said hydroconversion , said fuel having a range of hydrocarbons from an initial boiling of naphtha to end point of highest boiling oil soluble in propane , ...

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Номер записи: 77
11-02-2016 дата публикации

Liquid filtration media, filter elements and methods

Номер: US20160038865A1
Автор: Andrew J. Dallas, Chuanfang YANG, Derek O. Jones, Keh B. Dema, Mike J. Madsen, Stephen M. Larsen, Yehya A. Elsayed
Принадлежит: Donaldson Co Inc

A filter and filter media configured and arranged for placement in a fuel stream is disclosed. The filter and filter media allow for filtering of liquid fuels, such as diesel fuel. In certain embodiments the filter media includes a media fiber (such as glass) and a binder fiber (such as bicomponent) that combine to create a media structure having low solidity and relatively low compressibility, and which contain a pore structure that avoids premature fouling of the filter by fuel degradation products.

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Номер записи: 78
09-02-2017 дата публикации

PROCESSES FOR TREATING A HYDROCARBON STREAM

Номер: US20170037326A1
Автор: Mishra Satyam, Pandranki Venkat Ram Naidu, Vaidyanathan Krishnan
Принадлежит:

Processes for treating a hydrocarbon stream to remove heteroatoms from the hydrocarbons. A portion of the hydrotreated effluent is separated in a membrane separation zone to remove hydrogen sulfide and ammonia from the effluent portion which includes hydrogen. The hydrogen effluent portion may be recombined with the remaining hydrotreated effluent and passed to a hydrocracking zone. The hydrogen sulfide and ammonia may be combined with an effluent from the hydrocracking zone. 1. A process for producing a hydrocarbon fuel stream , the process comprising:hydrotreating a hydrocarbon stream in a reaction zone in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrotreating catalyst to provide a hydrotreated effluent;separating a hydrogen rich stream and a contaminant rich stream from at least a portion of the hydrotreated effluent in a separation zone having a membrane configured to separate hydrogen from contaminants; and,hydrocracking the hydrotreated effluent in a second reaction zone in the present of hydrogen and a hydrocracking catalyst to provide a hydrocracked catalyst, wherein the second reaction zone receives the hydrogen rich stream from the separation zone.2. The process of wherein the separation zone comprises a first separator vessel configured to provide a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a gaseous stream claim 1 , the gaseous steam comprising hydrogen claim 1 , ammonia and hydrogen sulfide.3. The process of wherein the membrane is disposed in a second separator vessel in the separation zone.4. The process of wherein the gaseous stream is heated between the first separator vessel and the second separator vessel.5. The process of wherein the contaminant rich stream is combined with a hydrocracked effluent stream.6. The process of wherein hydrogen rich stream is mixed with a liquid portion of the hydrotreated effluent that is passed into the second reaction zone.7. The process of further comprising:separating the hydrotreated effluent into a liquid stream and a gaseous stream ...

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Номер записи: 79
12-02-2015 дата публикации

JET-RANGE HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20150045593A1
Автор: Barger Paul, Fichtl Geoffrey William, Frey Stanley Joseph, Nicholas Christopher P., Roney Scott M.
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

A jet-range hydrocarbon product includes a mixture of paraffins. The mixture exhibits a freeze point of less than or equal to about −70° C., a 95% distillation point of greater than or equal to about 275° C., and a smooth boiling point curve that is characterized as having no intervals of the boiling point curve having a slope that is steeper than 4° C./mass % as defined by ASTM standard D2887 between mass recovered ranges of about 20% to about 80%. The steepness of the boiling point curve slope is calculated over any 10 mass % increments within the specified mass % ranges. 1. A jet-range hydrocarbon product comprising:a mixture of paraffins, wherein the mixture exhibits a freeze point of less than or equal to about −70° C., a 95% distillation point of greater than or equal to about 275° C., and a smooth boiling point curve that is characterized as having no intervals of the boiling point curve having a slope that is steeper than 4° C./mass % as defined by ASTM standard D2887 between mass recovered ranges of about 20% to about 80%,wherein the steepness of the boiling point curve slope is calculated over any 10 mass % increments within the specified mass % ranges.2. The jet-range hydrocarbon product of claim 1 , wherein the smooth boiling point curve is characterized as having no intervals of the boiling point curve steeper than 4° C./mass % as defined by ASTM standard D2887 between mass recovered ranges of about 10% to about 90%.3. The jet-range hydrocarbon product of claim 1 , wherein the smooth boiling point curve is further characterized as having no intervals shallower than 0.3° C./mass % as defined by ASTM standard D2887 between mass recovered ranges of about 20% to about 80%.4. The jet-range hydrocarbon product of claim 3 , wherein the smooth boiling point curve is further characterized as having no intervals shallower than 0.2° C./mass % as defined by ASTM standard D2887 between mass recovered ranges of about 20% to about 80%.5. The jet-range hydrocarbon ...

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Номер записи: 80
12-02-2015 дата публикации

CATALYTIC CONVERSION OF LIGNO-CELLULOSIC BIOMASS INTO FUELS AND CHEMICALS

Номер: US20150045595A1
Автор: Le Van Mao Raymond
Принадлежит: AC3B TECHNOLOGIES LTD.

The invention provides a process for producing ethyl esters and hydrocarbons from lignocellulosic biomass materials. The process comprises two steps: the first step being an acid ethanolysis (solvolysis with ethanol) of the biomass in oxidizing medium; the second step being the catalytic conversion of the by-product diethyl ether and, optionally, light ethyl esters, into hydrocarbons over ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst. Cellulose, hemicellulose and part of the lignin are converted in the first step. The oxidizer used in this first conversion step is preferably and most preferably hydrogen peroxide activated by Fe (II) (Fenton-type reagent), and/or Ti (IV) ions. The final products may include ethyl levulinate (diesel-grade additive), light ethyl esters (ethyl formate and ethyl acetate), levulinic acid, succinic acid, methanol, gasoline-range hydrocarbons and C-Chydrocarbons. 1. A method for converting ligno-cellulosic biomass materials into ethyl esters and hydrocarbons , said method comprising the following steps: (a) the chemical-catalytic conversion of the biomass material into ethyl levulinate , light ethyl esters and other products including diethyl ether carried out with alcohol as reactant and solvent in dilute acidic medium and in the presence of an oxidizing agent , (b) the chemical-catalytic conversion of at least one of the diethyl ether light ethyl esters into hydrocarbons by reaction with an acid nanocatalyst and (c) the recovery of the resulting products.2. The method of wherein the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.3. The method of wherein the oxidizing agent is a Fenton-type reagent.4. The method of wherein the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide alone or hydrogen peroxide activated by at least one of Fe (II) ions or Ti (IV) ions.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dilute acidic medium comprises an inhibitor of polymerization of aldehyde-type reaction intermediates.6. The method of wherein the acidic nano-catalyst is a zeolite of ZSM-5 type.7. The ...

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Номер записи: 81
18-02-2016 дата публикации

RENEWABLE HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION

Номер: US20160046872A1
Автор: LAUMOLA Heli, LINDBERG Teemu, NOUSIAINEN Jaakko, RISSANEN Arto
Принадлежит:

The present invention provides a composition comprising 10-40 mass! of Clinear alkanes, up to 20 mass % of Caromatic hydrocarbons, at least 90 mass % of which are monoaromatic, and no more than 1 massl in total of oxygen containing compounds; wherein the total amount of Calkanes in the composition is 50-95 mass % (and the total amount of Calkanes, Caromatic hydrocarbons and Ccycloalkanes is at least 95 massl; and wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition. Also provided is a method for producing the composition comprising the step of hydroprocessing a biological feedstock using a catalyst and the step of fractionating the product of the hydroprocessing step. 1. A composition comprising 10-40 mass % of Clinear alkanes , up to 20 mass % of Caromatic hydrocarbons , at least 90 mass % of which are monoaromatic , and no more than 1 mass % in total of oxygen-containing compounds;{'sub': 8-30', '8-30', '7-20', '8-30, 'wherein the total amount of Calkanes in the composition is 50-95 mass %, and the total amount of Calkanes, Caromatic hydrocarbons and Ccycloalkanes is at least 95 mass %; and'}wherein the amounts are based on the mass of the composition.2. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Clinear alkanes is 20-40 mass %.3. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of Caromatic hydrocarbons is 0.1-15 mass %.4. A composition according to claim 1 , which comprises 45-80 mass % in total of Ccycloalkanes and Cbranched alkanes.5. A composition according to claim 1 , which comprises 10-30 mass % of Ccycloalkanes.6. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the alkanes are Calkanes.7. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the aromatic hydrocarbons are Caromatic hydrocarbons.8. A composition according to claim 1 , wherein the cycloalkanes are Ccycloalkanes.9. A composition according to claim 1 , which comprises no more than 1 mass % of polyaromatic hydrocarbons.10. A composition according to claim 1 , which comprises ...

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Номер записи: 82
03-03-2022 дата публикации

Condensate recovery unit

Номер: US20220062811A1
Автор: Dale L. Embry, James KADAR, Jonathan J. KIESEWETTER, Travis O. DINSDALE
Принадлежит: ConocoPhillips Co

Production equipment and methods which reduce “gray” or off-specification production and improve central processing facility (CPF) efficiency. The process is a combination of unit operations (heat exchange, pumping, and separation) to produce an on-spec gas product, an on-spec condensate product, and/or on-spec oil product. It does so by placing the feed under pressure and heating it to the point that it can be vaporized and separated. The blended components are modulated dependent upon the composition of the produced fluids, produced gas, and off-specification fluid to efficiently produce on-specification products.

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Номер записи: 83
14-02-2019 дата публикации

WATER BASED PRODUCT FOR TREATING VANADIUM RICH OILS

Номер: US20190048279A1
Автор: AMANCHERLA Sundar, JR. Donald, Kalaga Murali Krishna, Meskers
Принадлежит: GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY

Provided are water-based fuel additive compositions that, when combusted with a fuel containing vanadium in a gas turbine, inhibit vanadium hot corrosion in the gas turbine. The water-based fuel additive compositions include at least one rare earth element compound or alkaline earth element compound that retards vanadium corrosion resulting from combustion of vanadium rich fuel. 1. A water-based fuel additive composition for use in a vanadium-containing ash bearing fuel , the composition comprising:a first inhibitor and a optional second inhibitor that each retard vanadium corrosion resulting from combustion of the fuel in a combustion apparatus, wherein the first and second inhibitors each, independently, comprise a rare earth element compound, an alkaline earth element compound, or a combination thereof;a optional third inhibitor that retards combustion-related contaminant corrosion in the combustion apparatus, wherein the third inhibitor comprises a non-vanadium first row transition metal or main group metal compound;a fourth inhibitor that retards non-combustion related corrosion;an emulsifier;an asphaltene dispersant;a optional combustion additive that improves combustion of the fuel; anda pH control agent.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the emulsifier emulsifies the water-based fuel additive composition with fuel oil.3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first inhibitor claim 1 , the second inhibitor claim 1 , the third inhibitor claim 1 , the fourth inhibitor claim 1 , the emulsifier claim 1 , the asphaltene dispersant claim 1 , the combustion additive claim 1 , and/or the pH control agent are dissolved and dispersed in a water based carrier.4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first and second inhibitors are each claim 1 , independently claim 1 , a compound of yttrium claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , gadolinium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , strontium claim 1 , or any combination thereof.5. The composition ...

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Номер записи: 84
23-02-2017 дата публикации

LIQUID FUEL PRODUCTION METHOD USING BIOMASS

Номер: US20170051320A1
Автор: Kosugi Akihiko, Yamashita Masaharu
Принадлежит:

A liquid fuel production method of the present invention includes: a saccharification step in which a biomass is saccharified; a methane fermentation step in which a saccharified liquid acquired in the saccharification step undergoes methane fermentation; and a biogas to liquid (BTL) step in which a liquid fuel is generated from a biogas acquired in the methane fermentation step. 1. A liquid fuel production method using a biomass , the method comprising:a saccharification step in which the biomass is saccharified;a methane fermentation step in which a saccharified liquid acquired in the saccharification step undergoes methane fermentation; anda biogas to liquid (BTL) step in which a liquid fuel is generated from a biogas acquired in the methane fermentation step.2. The liquid fuel production method according to claim 1 , wherein the BTL step includes:a synthesis gas generation step in which a synthesis gas is generated from the biogas acquired in the methane fermentation step;an FT synthesis step in which the synthesis gas acquired in the synthesis gas generation step is subjected to a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis process; andan upgrade step in which an FT synthetic oil acquired in the FT synthesis step is subjected to an upgrade process.3. The liquid fuel production method according to claim 2 , wherein drainage water acquired in the FT synthesis step and the upgrade step is processed in the methane fermentation step.4. The liquid fuel production method according to claim 1 , comprising:a juicing step of juicing sap from a woody biomass including a sugar solution as the sap as a step preceding the saccharification step when the biomass is the woody biomass,wherein, in the methane fermentation step, the saccharified liquid and the sap undergo the methane fermentation.5. The liquid fuel production method according to claim 1 , further comprising:a crushing step of crushing the biomass as a step preceding the saccharification step.6. The liquid fuel production ...

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Номер записи: 85
15-05-2014 дата публикации

EXPANSION OF FUEL STREAMS USING MIXED HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20140130403A1
Автор: BUCHANAN Keith D.
Принадлежит: SUNOCO PARTNERS BUTANE BLENDING LLC

Methods and systems for blending multiple batches of mixed hydrocarbons into fuel streams downstream of the refinery are provided that do not compromise the octane value of the fuel and do not cause the volatility of the fuel to exceed volatilities imposed by government regulation. 1) A method for making fuel enriched by mixed pentanes comprising the steps: i) a first enclosed conduit transmitting a fuel stream, and', 'ii) a second enclosed conduit transmitting an additive stream having a positive vapor pressure blend value on the fuel stream, wherein the additive stream comprises n-pentane and isopentane at a ratio of from 1:4 to 4:1, and', 'iii) an outlet in the second enclosed conduit forming a fluid connection with an inlet in the first enclosed conduit,, 'a) providing a fuel blending unit characterized by i) a volatility for the additive stream (the “additive stream volatility”),', 'ii) a flow rate for the fuel stream (the “fuel stream flow rate”),', 'iii) an octane value for the fuel stream (the “fuel stream octane value”), and', 'iv) a maximum blended volatility for the fuel stream (the “maximum blended volatility”),, 'b) providingc) measuring the fuel stream for its actual volatility (the “fuel stream volatility”), upstream or downstream of the fluid connection, i) the fuel stream volatility,', 'ii) the additive stream volatility, and', 'iii) the fuel stream flow rate, and, 'd) calculating a rate (the “additive stream flow rate”) at which the additive stream can be added to the fuel stream so as not to exceed the maximum blended volatility, wherein the calculating is based upone) adding the additive stream to the fuel stream at the additive stream flow rate at the fluid connection to make pentane enriched fuel having a final octane value, wherein said ratio of isopentane to n-pentane in said mixed pentane stream is adequate to overcome the depression in octane induced by said n-pentane, such that the n-pentane does not cause the final octane value to drop ...

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Номер записи: 86
26-02-2015 дата публикации

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING FUEL FROM A RENEWABLE FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20150057477A1
Автор: Brandvold Timothy A., Ellig Daniel, Frey Stanley Joseph
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

Methods and systems are provided for producing a fuel from a renewable feedstock. The method includes deoxygenating the renewable feedstock with a hydrogenation catalyst in a deoxygenation reaction zone to produce normal paraffins. The normal paraffins are isomerized to form isomerized paraffins using an isomerization catalyst in an isomerization reaction zone. Aromatic compounds are formed from non-aromatic compounds with an aromatic catalyst in an aromatic production zone downstream from the deoxygenation reaction zone. 1. A system for producing fuel from a renewable feedstock comprising:a renewable feedstock feed system;a deoxygenation reaction zone comprising a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the deoxygenation reaction zone is downstream from the renewable feedstock feed system;an aromatic production zone comprising an aromatic catalyst, wherein the aromatic production zone is downstream from the deoxygenation reaction zone; andan isomerization reaction zone comprising an isomerization catalyst, wherein the isomerization reaction zone is downstream from the deoxygenation reaction zone.2. The system of further comprising:an aromatics distillation column configured to produce an aromatics distillation column bottoms stream, wherein the aromatics distillation column is downstream from the aromatic production zone, and wherein the system is configured so that the aromatics distillation column bottoms stream flows to the isomerization reaction zone.3. The system of wherein the aromatics distillation column is configured to produce an aromatic compounds stream claim 2 , and wherein the system is configured such that the aromatic compounds stream bypasses the isomerization reaction zone.4. The system of further comprising a hot liquid separator positioned downstream from the deoxygenation reaction zone.5. The system of wherein the aromatic production zone is downstream from the isomerization reaction zone.6. The system of further comprising an aromatics distillation ...

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Номер записи: 87
05-03-2015 дата публикации

PROCESS FOR UPGRADING PYROLYSIS OIL, TREATED PYROLYSIS OIL AND THE USE THEREOF

Номер: US20150059354A1
Автор: GUTIERREZ Andrea, Jokela Pekka, NOUSIAINEN Jaakko
Принадлежит: UPM-KYMMENE CORPORATION

A process for upgrading pyrolysis oil that includes heating pyrolysis oil in the absence of added catalyst at 100° C. to 200° C. temperature and 50 bar to 250 bar pressure, and heating the product of the first heating in the absence of added catalyst at 200° C. to 400° C. temperature and 50 bar to 250 bar pressure. Also, the product obtained by this process and the use of treated pyrolysis oil. Further, methods where the treated pyrolysis oil is fed to a power plant for producing electricity; is burned in a boiler for producing heating oil and/or is used as transportation fuel or as a blending component in transportation fuel. 116-. (canceled)17. A process for upgrading pyrolysis oil , comprising the steps ofa) heating said pyrolysis oil in the absence of added catalyst at 100° C. to 200° C. temperature and 50 bar to 250 bar pressure, andb) heating the product of step a) in the absence of added catalyst at 200° C. to 400° C. temperature and 50 bar to 250 bar pressure.18. The process according to claim 18 , wherein said temperature of step a) preferably is from 100° C. to 150° C.19. The process according to claim 18 , wherein said temperature of step b) preferably is from 300° C. to 350° C.20. The process according to claim 18 , wherein said pressure of step a) and/or step b) preferably is from 150 to 200 bar.21. The process according to claim 18 , wherein step a) and/or step b) are carried out under a gas atmosphere comprising at least one of carbon monoxide claim 18 , hydrogen claim 18 , nitrogen or mixtures thereof claim 18 , preferably carbon monoxide claim 18 , most preferably a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.22. The process according to claim 18 , wherein said step a) and said step b) are carried out in separate reactors under same or different gas atmosphere.23. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the process further comprises a step ofc) separating a water phase from an intermediate product.24. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 88
05-03-2015 дата публикации

PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20150060326A1
Автор: Hyman Richard John
Принадлежит: IGTL TECHNOLOGY LTD

The invention relates to a process for the conversion of hydrogen and one or more oxides of carbon to hydrocarbons, which process comprises: contacting hydrogen and one or more oxides of carbon with a catalyst in a reaction zone; removing from the reaction zone an outlet stream comprising unreacted hydrogen, unreacted one or more oxides of carbon and one or more hydrocarbons and feeding the outlet stream to a separation zone in which the outlet stream is divided into at least three fractions, in which; a first fraction predominantly comprises unreacted hydrogen, unreacted one or more oxides of carbon and hydrocarbons having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; a second fraction predominantly comprises hydrocarbons having 5 to 9 carbon atoms, at least a portion of which hydrocarbons having from 5 to 9 carbon atoms are olefinic; and a third fraction predominantly comprises hydrocarbons having 10 or more carbon atoms; characterised in that at least a portion of the second fraction is recycled to the reaction zone. 1. A process for the conversion of hydrogen and one or more oxides of carbon to hydrocarbons , which process comprises:contacting hydrogen and one or more oxides of carbon with a catalyst in a reaction zone; removing from the reaction zone an outlet stream comprising unreacted hydrogen, unreacted one or more oxides of carbon and one or more hydrocarbons and feeding the outlet stream to a separation zone in which the outlet stream is divided into at least three fractions, in which;a first fraction predominantly comprises unreacted hydrogen, unreacted one or more oxides of carbon and hydrocarbons having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms;a second fraction predominantly comprises hydrocarbons having 5 to 9 carbon atoms, at least a portion of which hydrocarbons having from 5 to 9 carbon atoms are olefinic; anda third fraction predominantly comprises hydrocarbons having 10 or more carbon atoms; characterised in that at least a portion of the second fraction is recycled to the reaction ...

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Номер записи: 89
10-03-2022 дата публикации

Fuel oil composition

Номер: US20220073830A1
Автор: Rei Yoshida, Shohei HARADA, Yasuyuki Komatsu
Принадлежит: Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd

Provided is a fuel oil composition that has a sulfur content of 0.50 mass % or less but yet has a storage stability, long-term storage stability, combustion performance, low-temperature fluidity and kinetic viscosity sufficient for use in ships. A fuel oil composition that has a sulfur content of 0.50 mass % or less, aromatic content of 50.0 to 75.0 mass %, a mass ratio of sum of paraffin and asphaltene to the sum of aromatic and resin is 0.20 to 0.80 wherein the paraffin, the asphaltene, the aromatic and the resin are measured using a TLC/FID method respectively, a CCAI is 860 or less, a kinematic viscosity (50° C.) is 10.00 to 180 0 mm2/s, and a pour point of 25.0° C. or less.

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Номер записи: 90
03-03-2016 дата публикации

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR PROCESSING BIORENEWABLE FEEDSTOCKS WITH REDUCED EXTERNAL SULFIDING AGENT INPUT

Номер: US20160060538A1
Автор: Ficht Nicholas, Vericker Clint
Принадлежит:

Methods and apparatuses for processing biorenewable feedstocks are disclosed. In accordance with one exemplary embodiment, a method for processing a biorenewable feedstock includes the steps of combining an untreated, diesel boiling range petroleum distillate feedstock comprising sulfur with the biorenewable feedstock to form a combined feedstock and contacting the combined feedstock with a deoxygenation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen gas to form a deoxygenated, biorenewable product. 1. A method for processing a biorenewable feedstock comprising the steps of:combining an untreated, diesel boiling range petroleum distillate feedstock comprising sulfur with the biorenewable feedstock to form a combined feedstock; andcontacting the combined feedstock with a deoxygenation catalyst in the presence of hydrogen gas to form a deoxygenated, biorenewable product.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of combining comprises combining sufficient untreated claim 1 , diesel boiling range petroleum distillate feedstock with the biorenewable feedstock to form a combined feedstock comprising at least about 150 wt. ppm sulfur.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the step of combining comprises combining sufficient untreated claim 2 , diesel boiling range petroleum distillate feedstock with the biorenewable feedstock to form a combined feedstock comprising at least about 500 wt. ppm sulfur.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of passing the combined feedstock through a guard bed prior to the step of contacting.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of contacting is performed in a single-pass or once-through manner.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of contacting the deoxygenated claim 1 , biorenewable product with an isomerization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen gas to form an isomerized claim 1 , biorenewable product.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the step of contacting the deoxygenated claim 6 , biorenewable product with ...

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Номер записи: 91
03-03-2016 дата публикации

STABILIZATION OF JET FUEL

Номер: US20160060545A1
Автор: Elsen Heather A., GREANEY Mark A., MENNITO Anthony S., QIAN Kuangnan, Quann Richard J.
Принадлежит: EXXONMOBIL RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY

The stability of distillate type jet fuels is improved by cathodic hydrogenation in an electrolytic cell with a proton permeable membrane separating cathode and anode compartments; a source of hydrogen is oxidized in the anode compartment to form protons which permeate the membrane to effect a cathodic reduction of the nitrogenous components of the fuel in the cathode compartment. 1. A method for the denitrogenation of a distillate boiling range jet fuel which comprises cathodically hydrogenating nitrogenous components of the fuel in a cathode compartment of a divided electrolytic cell having a proton permeable membrane separating the cathode compartment from an anode compartment in which a source of hydrogen is anodically oxidized to form protons.2. A method according to in which the proton permeable membrane comprises a membrane electrode assembly comprising a having a catalytic anode surface and a catalytic cathode surface on opposing surfaces of the membrane.3. A method according to in which the proton permeable membrane comprises an ionomer.4. A method according to in which the proton permeable membrane comprises sulfonated poly(tetrafluoroethylene).5. A method according to in which the catalytic anode surface comprises a noble metal.6. A method according to in which the catalytic anode surface comprises platinum or palladium.7. A method according to in which the catalytic cathode surface comprises a an electrically conductive catalytic material having hydrogenation activity.8. A method according to in which the catalytic cathode surface comprises a finely divided Raney-type metal.9. A method according to in which the catalytic cathode surface comprises a noble metal.10. A method according to in which the catalytic cathode surface comprises platinum or palladium.11. A method according to which is carried out at a temperature of not more than 80° C.12. A method according to in which the distillate boiling range jet fuel comprises a kerosene having an initial ...

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Номер записи: 92
15-05-2014 дата публикации

COMPOSITION OF OLIGOMERATE

Номер: US20140135539A1
Автор: Kruse Todd M., Nicholas Christopher P., Pham Hung A., Rathbun Wayne E.
Принадлежит: UOP LLC

An olefinic composition has a moderate concentration of Type 2 Colefins. The oligomerate composition has hydrocarbon molecules with minimal branching which make excellent diesel and can also be readily cracked to propylene. Consequently, oligomerate product can be sent to the diesel pool or fed or recycled to an FCC unit to increase production of propylene. 1. An olefinic hydrocarbon composition comprising Colefins comprising a fraction of Type 2 disubstituted Colefins in the total Colefins of no less than about 7 and less than about 18 wt %.2. The composition of further having a ratio of Type 2 disubstituted Colefins to Type 1 monosubstituted Colefins of greater than 2.3. The composition of further comprising a fraction of Type 4 trisubstituted Colefins in the total Colefins of no less than about 40 wt %.4. The composition of further comprising an average branch per Chydrocarbon molecule of less than 2.5. The composition of having a cetane of greater than 30.6. The composition of having a cetane of greater than 40.7. The composition of having a density of less than 0.83 kg/m.8. The composition of further comprising less than 20 ppmw sulfur.9. The composition of further comprising less than 1 vol % aromatics.10. The composition of further comprising a ratio of trimethyl pentene to the total Colefins of no more than 50.11. The composition of wherein 90 wt % boils at a temperature of no more than 338° C.12. An olefinic hydrocarbon composition including gasoline comprising Colefins comprising a fraction of Type 2 disubstituted Colefins in the total Colefins of no less than about 7 and less than about 18 wt % and a fraction of Type 4 trisubstituted Colefins in the total Colefins of no less than about 40 wt %.13. The composition of further having a ratio of Type 2 disubstituted Colefins to Type 1 monosubstituted Colefins of greater than 2.14. The composition of further comprising an average branch per Chydrocarbon molecule of less than 2.15. The composition of having a ...

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Номер записи: 93
02-03-2017 дата публикации

FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES THAT HAVE HIGH BIOGENIC CONTENT DERIVED FROM RENEWABLE ORGANIC FEEDSTOCK

Номер: US20170058222A1
Автор: Lucas Stephen H., Rich Lewis L., Tiverios Peter G.
Принадлежит: FULCRUM BIOENERGY, INC.

Fuel and fuel additives can be produced by processes that provide Fischer-Tropsch liquids having high biogenic carbon concentrations of up to about 100% biogenic carbon. The fuels and fuel additive have essentially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids which, in turn, contain the same concentration of biogenic carbon as the feedstock. 1. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources comprising:At least one of Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) and diesel derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the renewable organic feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbon.3. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock , the high biogenic content fuel comprising:at least one of naphtha, diesel fuel and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic renewable organic concentration as the feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbons.5. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources according to wherein the high biogenic concentration is the same percentage biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the FT liquids.6. A high ...

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Номер записи: 94
02-03-2017 дата публикации

FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Номер: US20170058223A1
Автор: BOUDREAUX Shannon, BRANCH Michael Allen, BRU Ariel, BRUMFIELD Tommy Louis, DELANEY-KINSELLA Cynthia, DROUBI Danny F., KRAUS Lawrence Stephen, LIPINSKY Dana Tatum, STEERNBERG Koen, TARDIF Pierre
Принадлежит:

Low sulphur marine fuel compositions are provided. Embodiments comprise greater than 50 to 90 wt % of a residual hydrocarbon component comprising at least one of an atmospheric tower bottoms (ATB) residue and a vacuum tower bottoms residues (VTB), wherein the residual hydrocarbon component has a kinematic viscosity at ˜50 degrees C. of at least 100 cSt; and at least 10 and up to 50 wt % of a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component comprising deasphalted oil (DAO), where the marine fuel composition has a kinematic viscosity at ˜50 degrees C. of at least 10 cSt. Embodiments of the marine fuel composition can have a sulphur content of about 0.1 wt % or less. 1. A marine fuel composition comprising:greater than 50 to 90 wt % of a residual hydrocarbon component comprising at least one of an atmospheric tower bottoms (ATB) residue and a vacuum tower bottoms residues (VTB), wherein the residual hydrocarbon component has a kinematic viscosity at ˜50 degrees C. of at least 100 cSt; andat least 10 and up to 50 wt % of a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon component comprising deasphalted oil (DAO);wherein the marine fuel composition has a kinematic viscosity at ˜50 degrees C. of at least 10 cSt.2. The marine fuel composition of comprising at least 10 and up to 50 wt % of deasphalted oil (DAO).3. The marine fuel composition of wherein the residual hydrocarbon component has a sulphur content of at most 0.4 wt %.4. The marine fuel composition of wherein the sulphur content of the marine fuel composition is in a range of 400 to 1000 wppm.5. The marine fuel composition of which exhibits at least one of the following:a hydrogen sulfide content of at most 2.0 mg/kg; an acid number of at most 2.5 mg KOH per gram; a sediment content of at most 0.1 wt %; a water content of at most 0.5 vol %; and an ash content of at most 0.15 wt %.6. The marine fuel composition of which has at least one of the following: a density at 15 degrees C. in a range of 0.870 to 1.010 g/cm claim 1 , a pour point of ...

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Номер записи: 95
05-03-2015 дата публикации

CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF OLIVE MILL WASTE

Номер: US20150065762A1
Автор: Agblevor Foster, Halouani Kamel
Принадлежит:

Methods and apparatus for producing bio-oil that include providing a catalyst that includes red mud in a catalyst bed in a fluid state, the catalyst being maintained at a temperature suitable for pyrolysis; providing a flow of a non-reactive fluid into the catalyst bed; entraining a biomass that includes olive mill waste in the flow of non-reactive fluid, so that the biomass is delivered to the catalyst bed; pyrolyzing the biomass; collecting gases and vapors that result from pyrolysis; and condensing the gases and vapors into bio-oil. 1. A method of producing bio-oil , comprising:providing a catalyst bed in a fluid state, wherein the catalyst bed comprises red mud;heating the catalyst bed to a temperature suitable for pyrolysis;providing a flow of a non-reactive fluid onto the catalyst bed;providing feedstock in the flow of non-reactive fluid;pyrolyzing the feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst bed is heated to a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 650° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is heated to a temperature of from about 425° C. to about 600° C.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising collecting gasses and vapors from pyrolyzing the biomass and condensing the vapor into a bio-oil and recovering the non-condensable gases.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-reactive fluid is pyrolysis gas.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the non-reactive fluid is nitrogen gas.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is olive mill waste.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is automotive shredder residue.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the method further comprises providing calcium oxide and incorporating the calcium oxide onto the red mud and catalyst bed.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is from virgin and waste vegetable oil or lipids.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock is from plant matter.12. A bio-oil prepared from the method of .13. A bio-oil prepared from the ...

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Номер записи: 96
05-03-2015 дата публикации

PETROLEUM SUBSTITUTE COMPRISED OF AN ORGANIC SOLVENT EXTRACT OF A WOODY TREE BIOMASS

Номер: US20150065763A1
Автор: MATTHEWS Stephen Daniel
Принадлежит: PHYTOLEUM TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, L.L.C.

A preferred embodiment of the present invention is directed generally to a composition of matter and, more specifically, to a composition comprising a petroleum substitute produced from renewable, woody tree-based sources through a solvent extraction process. The woody tree sources are typically hydrocarbon-bearing trees or shrubs capable of producing significant quantities of liquid terpenes such that the process of extracting hydrocarbons from the woody tree material is economically viable. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the woody tree material is derived from pine or eucalyptus trees, or a combination thereof. These tree species contain relatively large quantities of relatively low molecular weight hydrocarbons. A raw woody tree biomass is processed into a plurality of solvent-permeable wood particles. Naturally occurring hydrocarbons found in the wood particles are then extracted using an organic solvent extraction process. The organic solvent utilized is a mixture of solvents comprised of at least one non-polar solvent and at least one polar solvent. The extracted hydrocarbon oils are then separated from the solvent and may be used as a petroleum substitute, while the solvent may be reused in the extraction operation. 1. A hydrocarbon composition comprising an organic solvent extract of woody tree material from a tree in the Pinaceae family , said extract comprising:a. a naphtha fraction having a boiling point of about 150 to 180 degrees Celsius, said naphtha fraction comprised of alpha pinene and beta pinene;b. a grease fraction; and,c. a tar fraction.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the woody tree material is comprised of at least a portion of a pine tree.3. The composition of claim 1 , said extract comprising hydrocarbons formed from oligomerized pentenes.4. The composition of claim 3 , said pentenes comprising 2-methyl-2-butene.5. The composition of claim 3 , said pentenes comprising 2-methyl-1-butene.6. The composition of claim 1 , said ...

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Номер записи: 97
28-02-2019 дата публикации

HIGH OCTANE UNLEADED AVIATION FUEL

Номер: US20190062659A1
Автор: BRALY George W., Hauschild Torsten F., HENSELER Alexander, Roehl Timothy C.
Принадлежит: GENERAL AVIATION MODIFICATIONS, INC.

Unleaded aviation gasoline. An unleaded aviation gasoline includes a blend of high octane alkylate, an effective amount of selected alkyl benzenes, and selected aromatic amines sufficient to improve the functional engine performance to avoid harmful detonation sufficient to meet or exceed selected standards for detonation performance requirements in full scale aircraft piston spark ignition engines designed for use with Grade 100LL avgas. Suitable alkylated benzenes may include a mixture of xylene isomers. Selected aromatic amines, such as N-methyl-p-toluidine, are used to increase performance. The high octane alkylate may be an aviation alkylate, or iso-octane, or both, and may utilize high octane alkylates having a motor octane number of between about ninety-seven (97) and about one hundred (100). Suitable amounts of iso-pentane, n-butane, and iso-butane may be used for providing vapor pressure in a commercially acceptable range. 1. A high octane unleaded aviation gasoline composition , comprising:(a) about forty-five percent (45%) to about sixty-five percent (65%) by weight of high octane alkylate having a motor octane number of between ninety-five (95) and one hundred (100);(b) about ten percent (10%) to about thirty-five percent (35%) by weight of one or more alkalyated benzenes;(c) about six percent (6%) to about twelve percent (12%) by weight, collectively, of a selected composition of one or more of iso-pentane, n-butane, and iso-butane, wherein the constituent(s) of said selected composition are sufficient that said high octane unleaded aviation gasoline composition has a vapor pressure of between 38 kPa and 49 kPa (between 5.51 pounds per square inch and 7.11 pounds per square inch); and(d) about four percent (4%) to about fifteen percent (15%) by weight aromatic amine(s), said aromatic amine(s) comprising N-methyl-p-toluidine.2. A high octane unleaded aviation gasoline as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said aromatic amine(s) further comprise N-methyl-m- ...

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Номер записи: 98
12-03-2015 дата публикации

HEAVY SYNTHETIC FUEL

Номер: US20150072298A1
Автор: Gravett Paulus Stephanus, Kohler Luis Pablo Fidel Dancuart, Van Heerden Jacques
Принадлежит:

The invention provides a process for the production of a fully synthetic heavy fuel oil, said process including at least fractionation of hydrocarbons obtained from the hydroconversion of C5 and heavier Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process products to obtain a product that is heavier than a middle distillate and has an ASTM D86 cut-off temperature in excess of 350° C. Further, the invention provides a fuel made in accordance with the process. 120-. (canceled)21. A synthetic heavy fuel oil comprising:less than 100 ppm sulfur; andless than 2 mass % aromatics,{'sup': 3', '2', '2, 'wherein the synthetic heavy fuel oil has a density of more than 0.800 g·cm(at 20° C.), a kinematic viscosity of greater than 8 mm/s (at 50° C.) and less than 20 mm/s (at 50° C.), and a pour point of 12° C. to 30° C.'}22. The synthetic heavy fuel oil of claim 21 , wherein the fuel oil has a gross heating value of at least 45.5 MJ/kg.23. The synthetic heavy fuel oil of claim 22 , wherein the fuel oil has a gross heating value of at least 46.0 MJ/kg.24. The synthetic heavy fuel oil of claim 21 , wherein the sulfur content is less than 50 ppm.25. The synthetic heavy fuel oil of claim 21 , wherein the aromatics content is less than 1 mass %.26. The synthetic heavy fuel oil of claim 21 , wherein the density is more than 0.810 g·cm(at 20° C.).27. The synthetic heavy fuel oil of claim 21 , wherein the fuel oil has a linear paraffinic content of at least 90 wt. %.28. The synthetic heavy fuel oil of claim 21 , wherein the pour point is less than 25° C.29. A process for producing a synthetic heavy fuel oil claim 21 , comprising:{'sub': '5', 'subjecting a Cand heavier product obtained from a Fischer-Tropsch process to a hydroconversion process to generate a hydroconverted stream; and'}{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00021', 'claim 21'}, 'fractionating the hydroconverted stream to obtain a heavy fraction having an ASTM D86 cut-off temperature in excess of 350° C. to obtain the synthetic heavy fuel oil of , wherein ...

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Номер записи: 99
29-05-2014 дата публикации

MoS2 CATALYST SYSTEM FOR THE CONVERSION OF SUGAR ALCOHOL TO HYDROCARBONS

Номер: US20140147344A1
Автор: II Edward L. Sughrue, Jianhua Yao, Madhu Anand
Принадлежит: Phillips 66 Co

Cellulose and hemicellulose from biomass can be broken down to C6 and C5 sugars and further converted to corresponding sugar alcohols. It is now found that a new catalyst, MoS2, is active for the hydrogenation of sugar alcohols to hydrocarbons. Combining the technologies listed above allows us to convert the cellulose/hemicellulose to liquid hydrocarbons.

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Номер записи: 100