Устройство для автоматической установки экспозиции в фотоаппарате

ANORDNUNG ZUM AUSLESEN LICHT- ODER ROENTGENSTRAHLENEMPFINDLICHER SENSOREN

EINRICHTUNG ZUR AUTOMATISCHEN STEUERUNG DER VON EINER BLITZROEHRE ABGEGEBENEN LICHTMENGE

Integriertes Photodetektionsystem

BELICHTUNGSSTEUERSCHALTUNG

Aktiver Pixelsensor mit einstellbarer Verstärkung

Verfahren zur lichtelektrischen Bestimmung der Belichtungszeit

Pixel sensor

LIGHT AMOUNT MEMORISING CIRCUIT

... 1437227 Exposure control circuits ASAHI KOGAKU KOGYO KK 3 Sept 1973 [22 Sept 1972] 41312/73 Heading G2A [Also in Division G4] A light measuring device comprises a FET 4 serving as input switch, a memory capacitor 5, a feedback loop 6, 8, 11 for applying a voltage, which follows the voltage on the capacitor, to the gate of the FET 4 so that its gate-source potential remains constant, and a circuit 9, 10, 11 for lowering the gate potential to below pinch-off when the storage capacitor 5 is charged. The source 1 may be a photo diode 1 forming part of a camera. The RC circuit 9, 10 forms a timing circuit which, with switch 2, 3 open, holds transistor 11 non- conductive until the voltage across the capacitor reaches the threshold value of the transistor, upon which the transistor conducts and renders the FET 4 non-conductive. As the voltage across the storage capacitor 5 rises, the source potential of FET 6 and the emitter potential of transistor 8 rise. The gate potential of the FET 4 also ...

Extinction type detector

An extinct type detector which detects and determines a concentration or density of a gas or vapor in a space on the basis of an attenuation of light due to the gas or vapor present within the space. The detector of this feature of the invention operates in such a way that the light emitting device is periodically driven to effect light emission, the first and the second photodetector devices receive the light from said light emitting device, the first and second storage means corresponding to the first and the second photodetector devices, respectively, cumulatively store the outputs from the respective photodetector devices, a difference in cumulative storage values between the first and the second storage means is detected to determine a concentration and density of the gas or vapor within the detecting space based on the detected difference.

Photodiode pixel sensor with switched shunt capacitance

An active pixel sensor includes a photo diode D2 which includes intrinsic diode capacitance C D2 which collects charge when the diode is reset by activating transistor Q4, generating a diode voltage. As light is received by the photodiode it conducts in the reverse bias direction, discharging C D2 and reducing the diode voltage. When the diode voltage drops below a certain level the switch SW closes, connecting the additional capacitance C GC in parallel with the diode, adding to the diode capacitance. This prevents saturation of the sensor (complete discharge) for high light intensities without reducing sensitivity at low intensities. The additional capacitance can be a gate capacitor (ie a FET with its source and drain connected together, which only conducts and provides capacitive loading when the diode voltage drops below its gate voltage). The pixel sensor further includes electronic circuitry Q5,Q6 to allow a controller to sample the photo diode voltage.

A circuit for a single photon detector

Pixel sensor

A photosensor circuit with a shutter function

A photosensor circuit comprises a photodetector element PD, a first MOS transistor Q1, which may be used for charging and discharging the parasitic capacitance C1 of the photodetector PD, a second MOS transistor Q2 for transferring a parasitic capacitance charge from the photodetector element to a storage capacitor C2, a third MOS transistor Q3, which acts as an amplifier, and a fourth MOS transistor Q4 for selectively outputting a pixel signal. The terminal voltages of the photodetector PD and the storage capacitor C2 are equalised before the accumulation of a light signal, e.g. by switching first and second transistors Q1, Q2 on for charging or discharging the parasitic capacitance C1. In an alternative arrangement (figure 3), the first MOS transistor converts the photocurrent into a signal with a logarithmic voltage characteristic and a voltage controller is provided for controlling the charge accumulated in the parasitic capacitance C1, where the terminal voltages of the photodetector ...

RADIATION SENSOR FACILITY FOR SEIZING THE FREQUENCY OF A ON OF THIS HITTING RADIATION

PHOTODETECTOR AND PROCEDURE FOR THE DETECTION OF RADIATION

Light sensing device

Light measurement

SENSOR INTEGRATOR SYSTEM

SENSOR-INTEGRATOR SYSTEM A sensor-integrator utilizes a light sensing diode directly connected to the inputs of an operational amplifier. The operational amplifier forms part of a dualslope integrator and directly integrates the current generated by the light sensing diode thereby eliminating the need for preamplifiers and diode switching circuitry.

MAXIMUM INTENSITY MEASURING DEVICE

Lichtmengen-Messgerät, dessen Zeitkonstante mit Hilfe einer Elektronenröhre regelbar ist.

Integrations-Lichtmengen-Messgerät

Elektronisches Blitzmessgerät

Kamera mit elektronischem Verschluss und automatisch gesteuerter Belichtungszeit

SOLARIMETER.

A converter (photodiode 1) exposed to solar radiation (2) provides a d.c. current proportionnal to the radiation, charging a charge capacitor (3). This capacitor is connected at the input (11) of an analogue-digital switch (12) which provide an output pulse as long as the voltage across the terminals of the capacitor exceeds a pretermined value (U). The output pulse controls a semi-conductor switch (5) so that, during the pulse, the charge capacitor (3) will run down through this switch (5). Since the pulse would stop and the discharge would already be finished when the voltage across the terminals of the charge capacitor falls below the predetermined value, the pulse is prolonged. To this effect and preferably, the pulse is brought back by a capacitor (21) at the input (11) of the analogue-digital switch (12) while a resistor (22) is connected between this input (11) and the charge capacitor (3). To measure the radiation energy the pulses are counted (counter 6) and to measure the radiation ...

FIRE DETECTOR.

INTEGRATEUR DE LUMIERE A CORRECTION EXPON ENTIELLE POUR DISPOSITIF DE REPRODUCTION PHOTOGRAPHIQUE PAR INSOLATION

LA PRESENTE INVENTION CONCERNE UN INTEGRATEUR DE LUMIERE A CORRECTION EXPONENTIELLE. CET INTEGRATEUR EST CARACTERISE EN CE QU'IL COMPORTE UN AMPLIFICATEUR 1 A GRAND GAIN ET A FAIBLE DERIVE MONTE EN INTEGRATEUR, A UNE ENTREE DUQUEL EST CONNECTEE UNE PHOTODIODE 3 MONTEE EN GENERATEUR DE COURANT ET RECEVANT LE FLUX LUMINEUX DEVANT ETRE INTEGRE, ET UN COMPARATEUR DE TENSION 6 CONSTITUE PAR UN AMPLIFICATEUR A FORT GAIN ET A GRANDE IMPEDANCE D'ENTREE, CE COMPARATEUR COMPORTANT UNE ENTREE POSITIVE RELIEE A LA SORTIE DU PREMIER AMPLIFICATEUR ET UNE ENTREE NEGATIVE CONNECTEE A UN INTEGRATEUR CONSTITUE D'UNE RESISTANCE 8 ET D'UN CONDENSATEUR 9. APPLICABLE A UN DISPOSITIF DE REPRODUCTION PHOTOGRAPHIQUE PAR INSOLATION.

INTEGRATING CIRCUIT OF LIGHT, IN PARTICULAR FOR CATCH OF SIGHT RAPPROCHEE TO THE ELECTRONIC FLASH

Procédé et appareil pour transformer de la lumière reçue en un signal électrique pulsatoire numérique.

Procédé et appareil pour transformer de la lumière reçue en un signal électrique pu satoire numérique. Un tube-éclair photographique classique Il est excité par un circuit de déclenchement 13 réagissant à l'actionnement d'un contacteur d'appareil photographique, pour la photographie d'une scène ou sujet désiré; un condensateur 15 alimente le tube-éclair 11 jusqu'à ce qu'un circuit 17 fasse cesser le flash par ouverture d'un contacteur électronique branché en série avec le tube 11; le flash est arrêté par le circuit de terminaison 17 en réponse à un signal de commande transmis dans un conducteur 19 par un circuit de commande 21; la fonction du circuit 21 est d'arrêter automatiquement l'éclair après qu'une quantité prédéterminée d'énergie lumineuse a été reçue en provenance du sujet ou de la scène en train d'être photographié. Application en photographie.

Measuring light on charge memory photocell - by measuring loss of reference charge after set period

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR READING ELECTRICAL CHARGE PRODUCED BY A PHOTODETECTOR, AND SENSOR WITH SUCH DEVICES

Ce procédé de lecture de charges électriques produites par un photodétecteur d'une matrice de photodétecteurs, comportant le recueil et le stockage (30) de charges électriques produites par le photodétecteur dans un premier élément capacitif, le transfert (34, 50 ; 34, 60-66) des charges stockées dans le premier élément capacitif vers un second élément capacitif, et la lecture (38, 54 ; 38, 68-74) de la tension aux bornes du second élément capacitif. Selon l'invention, le transfert (34, 50 ; 34, 60-66) est réalisé en au moins deux phases : ■ au moins une première phase (50 ; 60-66) ayant lieu pendant le recueil et le stockage (30) des charges dans le premier élément capacitif, ■ et une seconde phase (34) ayant lieu à la fin du recueil et du stockage (30) des charges électriques dans le premier élément capacitif.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS TO TRANSFORM LIGHT RECEIVED INTO A NUMERICAL PULSATORY ELECTRICAL SIGNAL

PROVISION OF CIRCUIT TO EVALUATE SIGNALS, IN PARTICULAR OUTPUT SIGNALS OF OPTICAL DEVICES OF MEASUREMENT

DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE MAXIMUM INTENSITY OF A PULSE OF ENERGY

COMPARATOR CIRCUIT FOR USE WITH PHOTOMETRIC APPARATUS

Display device and electronic apparatus comprising the same

PHOTON COUNTING AND MULTI-SPOT SPECTROSCOPY

An example system can include a support and two or more sensor elements mounted to the support. Each sensor element can be electrically connected to a common electrical node and may include: a respective quench resistor connected to a respective internal node; and a respective photodiode (PD) connected to the respective internal node; a differentiating element fed by at least one of the photodiodes; a first readout electrode fed by the common electrical node; and a second readout electrode fed by the differentiating element. The common electrical node may be connected to at least one of the quench resistors or at least one of the photodiodes.

MEASURING DEVICE FOR SHORT AND ULTRASHORT LIGHT PULSES

The invention concerns a measuring device for short and ultrashort light pulses with durations in the femto- and picosecond range. This measuring device enables complete characterization with respect to the shape, phase, duration, spectrum and chirp of short and ultrashort light pulses to be carried out, both for lasers with high pulse train frequencies and lasers with low pulse train frequencies and high or low intensity. The laser pulse to be investigated is split into two partial pulses and one of the two partial beams is subjected to additional dispersion, or a second, well-characterized laser pulse is radiated in addition to the laser pulse to be investigated. The two partial beams are then superimposed on one another in a non-linear optical element of the second order, for example a crystal or on a surface. The resultant total frequency radiation is analyzed chronologically, spatially and/or spectrally as a correlation signal.

UNCOOLED BACKGROUND LIMITED DETECTOR AND METHOD

A detector (100) for detecting radiant energy includes at least one detecting element (1) and a detector readout element (20, 30, 18). The at least one detecting element (1) substantially absorbs the radiant energy and exhibits a structural change in response thereto. The detector readout element (20, 30, 18), positioned in non-contacting proximity to the at least one detecting element (1), is responsive to the structural change of the at least one detecting element (1). The non-contacting detector readout element (20, 30, 18) provides an indication signal corresponding to the structural change, whereby the corresponding indication signal is representative of the radiant energy detected by the at least one detecting element.

LIGHT RECEIVING PART AND SOLID-STATE IMAGE PICKUP DEVICE

A transistor (T2) for transfer transfers an electrical charge generated by a photodiode PD to a first capacitor (C11) through a first switch (SW11), and transfers it to a second capacitor (C12) through a second switch (SW12). A transistor (T1) for amplification is connected to both of or one of the first capacitor (C11) and the second capacitor (C12) by a gate terminal, and outputs a voltage corresponding to a quantity of electrical charges accumulated in both of or one of the first capacitor and the second capacitor connected to the gate electrode.

Image sensor having an extended dynamic range upper limit

An apparatus is described that includes an image sensor having timing and control circuitry and threshold circuitry. The timing and control circuitry is to generate signals to cause multiple transfers of charge from a photo-diode to a storage capacitor within a pixel cell during an image capture sequence. The threshold circuitry is to track the storage capacitor's voltage over the course of the multiple transfers and recognize when the storage capacitor's voltage reaches a threshold.

Ambient light detection circuit with control circuit for integration period signal

A circuit for detecting light is disclosed comprising: a) a light-integrating photo-sensor circuit having one or more thin-film photosensors and being responsive to a variable integration period signal and to ambient light for producing a photo signal representing the intensity of the ambient light, wherein the photo signal may be in one of at least three states including a no-signal state, an in-range state, and a saturated state; and b) a control circuit for receiving the photo signal and automatically increasing the period of the integration period signal when the photo signal is in the no-signal state and decreasing the period of the integration period signal when the photo signal is in the saturated state so as to result in the photo signal being in the in-range state and producing a corresponding ambient light signal. In particular embodiments of the invention, the circuit for detecting light is employed as a component of a flat panel display, and the ambient light signal is used ...

Photometry device and method

An accumulation-type light receiving element photoelectrically converts light from the subject field and outputs an electric signal on the basis of the brightness. An accumulation time setting component sets the accumulation time of the light receiving element and an accumulation operation component carries out accumulation in the light receiving element on the basis of the information from the accumulation time setting component. A photometric value input component inputs the photometry output from the light receiving element. A brightness value calculating component calculates the brightness value of the subject field on the basis of the outputs of the accumulation time setting component and the photometric value input component and further corrects the accumulation time of the light receiving element that has been input from the accumulation time setting component.

Opto-electronic converter, image reading device, and image forming apparatus

An opto-electronic converter includes a plurality of light-receiving elements configured to convert light of different colors into analog signals, each of the analog signals representing a pixel, an amplifier unit configured to amplify the analog signals, into which the light is converted by the light-receiving elements, in each pixel group, the pixel group including a plurality of the light-receiving elements, the plurality of light-receiving elements converting light of different colors, and a gain switch unit configured to switch, for each of the light-receiving elements included in the pixel group, a gain of the amplifier unit to a gain determined in advance depending on a color of the light converted by the light-receiving element.

READOUT TRANSISTOR CIRCUITS FOR CMOS IMAGERS

A readout transistor circuit for a pixel is disclosed. The readout transistor circuit includes a sense node. A reset transistor is in signal communication with the sense node. A source follower transistor is in signal communication with the sense node. A row select transistor is in signal communication with the source follower transistor. A switching transistor is in signal communication with the sense node. A capacitor is in signal communication with the switching transistor. The switching transistor is configured to place the capacitor in signal communication with the sense node to switch between a low voltage-per-charge (V/e) ratio and a high voltage-per-charge (V/e) to enable low noise performance of the sense node. The capacitor may be a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor. At least one of the reset transistor, the source follower transistor, the row select transistor, and the switching transistor may be a MOSFET. One or more of the MOSFETs may be a buried channel MOSFET.

Apparatus with calibrated readout circuit

An apparatus comprises a readout circuit configured to be disconnected from a pixel output, and to connect a pixel reset signal received by the readout circuit to a pixel output signal received by the readout circuit. The apparatus also comprises at least one programmable gain amplifier coupled with the readout circuit. The apparatus further comprises an analog-to-digital converter coupled with the programmable gain amplifier. The readout circuit is configured to be calibrated based on a comparison of a measured output of the readout circuit to a predetermined value, the predetermined value being equal to (2n/2)1, where n is the number of bits of the analog-to-digital converter.

Variable modulation of radiation and components

Various embodiments include systems and methods to provide selectable variable gain to signals in measurements using incident radiation. The selectable variable gain may be used to normalize signals modulated in measurements using incident radiation. The selectable variable gain may be attained using a number of different techniques or various combinations of these techniques. These techniques may include modulating a modulator having modulating elements in which at least one modulating element acts on incident radiation differently from another modulating element of the modulator, modulating the use of electronic components in electronic circuitry of a detector, modulating a source of radiation or combinations thereof. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Detector, methods for operating a detector and detector pixel circuit

A pixelated sensor comprises a semiconductor substrate chip with a plurality of sensor pixels and a detector chip with a plurality of detector pixels. Each of the sensor pixels is configured as a photodiode and is electrically connected to an input node of one of the detector pixels. The detector pixels are further configured to convert and output the sensor input to an analog to digital converter. The detector chip further comprises first and second macropixels and a plurality of second macropixels, wherein each first macropixel is formed by subset of detector pixels switchably interconnected via a first conducting grid and wherein each second macropixel is formed by a subset of first macropixels switchably interconnected via a second conducting grid.

Ambient light determination using physiological metric sensor data

A wearable computing device includes an electronic display with a configurable brightness level setting, a physiological metric sensor system including a light source configured to direct light into tissue of a user wearing the wearable computing device and a light detector configured to detect light from the light source that reflects back from the user. The device may further include control circuitry configured to activate the light source during a first period, generate a first light detector signal indicating a first amount of light detected by the light detector during the first period, deactivate the light source during a second period, generate a second light detector signal indicating a second amount of light detected by the light detector during the second period, generate a physiological metric based at least in part on the first light detector signal and the second light detector signal, and modify the configurable brightness level setting based on the second light detector ...

OPTICAL SENSOR ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR LIGHT SENSING

An optical sensor arrangement comprises a photodiode (11), an integrator (12) with an integrator input (15) coupled to the photodiode (11), a comparator (13) with a first input (18) coupled to an integrator output (16) of the integrator (12), and a reference capacitor circuit (14) that is coupled to the integrator input (15) and is designed to provide a charge package to the integrator input (15). In a start phase (A), charge packages are provided to the integrator input (15), until a comparator input voltage (VIN) at the first input (18) of the comparator (13) crosses a comparator switching point.

System and method for detecting infrared radiation

Un dispositif de détection d'un rayonnement infrarouge, comprend ■ une matrice (42) de bolomètres (12) pour la détection dudit rayonnement ; et ■ pour la lecture de chaque bolomètre (12), une circuiterie (14, 46) de formation de signal comportant : o une circuiterie (14) apte à polariser le bolomètre sous une tension prédéterminé afin de faire circuler du courant dans celui-ci ; o une circuiterie (20) apte à produire un courant de mode commun ; et o une circuiterie (18) apte à intégrer la différence entre le courant circulant dans le bolomètre et le courant de mode commun, Selon l'invention, le dispositif comprend une circuiterie (52) apte à injecter du courant dans chaque bolomètre pour décaler sa résistance d'une quantité prédéterminée dépendante de son offset, l'injection de courant étant réalisée préalablement à la polarisation de lecture du bolomètre et le décalage étant réalisé conformément au sens de variation de la résistance du bolomètre en fonction de la température. En outre, ...

LINEAR REGULATION OF SPAD SHUTOFF VOLTAGE

Described herein is an electronic device, including a pixel and a turn-off circuit. The pixel includes a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) having a cathode coupled to a high voltage node and an anode selectively coupled to ground through an enable circuit, and a clamp diode having an anode coupled to the anode of the SPAD and a cathode coupled to a turn-off voltage node. The turn-off circuit includes a sense circuit coupled between the turn-off voltage node and ground and configured to generate a feedback voltage, and a regulation circuit configured to sink current from the turn-off voltage node to ground based upon the feedback voltage such that a voltage at the turn-off voltage node maintains generally constant.

PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTION CIRCUIT AND PHOTOELECTRIC DETECTOR

Комплекс для измерений влияния света на спектры времен электрической дипольной релаксации в полупроводниках

Использование: для исследования дефектной структуры полупроводниковых пленок, в том числе используемых для создания солнечных батарей. Сущность полезной модели заключается в том, что устройство для измерений влияния света на спектры времен электрической дипольной релаксации в полупроводниках состоит из монохроматора с возможностью варьирования интенсивности и длины волны освещения, конвертера с усилителем для варьирования частоты электрического тока и системы контроля температуры с точностью до 0,01 К. Технический результат: обеспечение возможности получать данные о влиянии света и температуры на спектры времен электрической дипольной релаксации в полупроводниках в широком диапазоне длин волн, частот электрического поля и температур. 3 ил.

Photodiodenanordnung

INTEGRATORSCHALTUNG ZUR ERMITTLUNG UND SPEICHERUNG EINER LICHTMENGE

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung eines leistungsschwachen Signals

Output conditioning circuit for a single photon detector

A circuit for conditioning the output of a single photon detector comprises a band-pass amplifier 409 which has an upper cut-off frequency (3 dB breakpoint) less than or equal to the inverse of the expected duration of the photon induced rising or falling step of the detector output. There may be a pre-amplifier 403, and the circuit may comprise a cryogenic amplification stage, which may be a MESFET or HEMT transistor. A reset stage may also be included for applying a reset signal to the photon detector. There is an independent claim to a method of conditioning the output of a single photon detector, and two further independent apparatus claims, with corresponding independent method claims, directed towards circuitry for resetting the output of a single photon detector.

Light integrator circuit for electronic flash.

A quench strobe includes a light integrator circuit with an anticipation network which enables the quench to be anticipated by a predetermined time corresponding to the reaction time of the strobe quenching circuitry so as to avoid overexposure under conditions where the photographic subjects are close to the camera or under conditions of relatively high scene light reflectance.

LIGHT INTEGRATOR CIRCUIT FOR ELECTRONIC FLASH

LIGHT DIGITIZING CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTRONIC FLASH DEVICE

SCHALTUNGSANORDNUNG ZUR AUSWERTUNG VON SIGNALEN, INSBESONDERE VON AUSGANGSSIGNALEN OPTISCHER MESSEINRICHTUNGEN

CONTROL OF VEHICLE DEVICES WITH SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOSENSORS

SENSOR FACILITY WITH INTEGRAL BIRADIALER LENS

UEBERWACHUNGSANORDNUNG FOR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION.

LIGHT-MEASURINGTURNED OUT

SENSOR DEVICE HAVING AN INTEGRAL BI-RADIAL LENS

Uncooled background limited detector and method

EXTINCTION TYPE DETECTOR

SENSOR DEVICE HAVING AN INTEGRAL BI-RADIAL LENS

The inventive sensor device (10) provides different fields of view in transverse directions. The sensor device include a support structure (12), a sensing element (15) mounted on the support structure for sensing optical radiation and generating an electrical output signal in response thereto, and an encapsulant (17) encapsulating the sensing element on the support structure. The encapsulant includes an integral lens (20) having a bi-radial surface (22). Alternatively or additionally, the encapsulant may have at least a first zone (102) and a second zone (104), where the second zone exhibits at least one different characteristic from the first zone, such as a different optical, physical, thermal, or compositional characteristic.

Remote test circuit of infrared ray

Signal processing device and photodetection device

Pre-amplification and measuring range automatic switching circuit for light intensity detection

DETECTEUR A OCCULTATION POUR LA DETERMINATION DE LA CONCENTRATION D'UN GAZ, NOTAMMENT DETECTEUR DE FUMEES

SELON L'INVENTION, CE DETECTEUR COMPREND UN ELEMENT LUMINESCENT 6; DES MOYENS D'EXCITATION 5,7-9 POUR EXCITER PERIODIQUEMENT L'ELEMENT LUMINESCENT; UN PREMIER ELEMENT PHOTODETECTEUR 1, PLACE A UN ENDROIT OU IL PEUT RECEVOIR LA LUMIERE EMISE PAR L'ELEMENT LUMINESCENT, EN FORMANT UN INTERVALLE Z DE DETECTION DES GAZ; UN SECOND ELEMENT PHOTODETECTEUR 2, PLACE A UN ENDROIT OU IL PEUT RECEVOIR LA LUMIERE EMISE PAR L'ELEMENT LUMINESCENT SANS INTERPOSITION DU GAZ OU DE LA VAPEUR ENTRE LUI ET L'ELEMENT LUMINESCENT; DES PREMIERS MOYENS DE MEMORISATION C1, POUR MEMORISER DE FACON CUMULATIVE LES SIGNAUX PHOTOMETRIQUES EN SORTIE DU PREMIER ELEMENT PHOTODETECTEUR; DES SECONDS MOYENS DE MEMORISATION C2, POUR MEMORISER DE FACON CUMULATIVE LES SIGNAUX PHOTOMETRIQUES EN SORTIE DU SECOND ELEMENT PHOTODETECTEUR; ET DES MOYENS DE DETERMINATION 10,15-21, QUI DETECTENT LA DIFFERENCE ENTRE LES VALEURS CUMULEES MEMORISEES DES PREMIERS ET SECONDS MOYENS DE MEMORISATION LORSQUE L'ELEMENT LUMINESCENT CESSE SON EMISSION ...

Light integrator for photographic reproduction - has active integrator circuit for photodiode and high gain amplifier comparator to control lamp switching and provide exponential correction

INTEGRATING CIRCUIT OF LIGHT, IN PARTICULAR FOR CATCH OF SIGHT RAPPROCHEE TO THE ELECTRONIC FLASH

ELECTRONIC PROJECT FOR PHOTOMETERS

FOCAL PLANE ARRAY HAVING RATIOED CAPACITORS

Methods and apparatus for a dual mode focal plane array having a background module including a first capacitor to integrate a first signal for a first amount of time, wherein the first signal comprises a background signal, and a signal module including a second capacitor to integrate a second signal for a second amount of time, wherein the second signal comprises a signal of interest and the background signal, wherein the first and second capacitors have impedance values in a first ratio, and wherein the first amount of time and the second amount of time define a second ratio corresponding to the first ratio.

Sensor-integrator system

A sensor-integrator utilizes a light sensing diode directly connected to the inputs of an operational amplifier. The operational amplifier forms part of a dual-slope integrator and directly integrates the current generated by the light sensing diode thereby eliminating the need for preamplifiers and diode switching circuitry.

Detection circuit and method to mitigate 1/F noise in single detectors and in image sensors

A circuit includes an input capacitor that stores charge based on a current received from a photodetector during a bias phase of the photodetector. The stored charge on the input capacitor is sampled during the sampling phase to determine an amount of light captured by the photodetector. A bias controller supplies a pulsed-bias voltage to the photodetector to generate the current from the photodetector. The bias controller controls the current to a current level below a predetermined current threshold via the pulsed-bias voltage before biasing of the detector and subsequent sampling of the stored charge on the input capacitor is initiated to mitigate 1/F noise in the photodetector.

Moisture detecting system using semiconductor light sensor with integral charge collection

Moisture detection permits moisture removal equipment, such as automotive windshield wipers and defogger systems, to be operated automatically. A system for detecting moisture on a surface includes a light emitter directed at the surface. The presence of moisture is based on the intensity of light from the emitter reflected by the surface and received by a light sensor. The light sensor accumulates charge in response to incident light over a variable integration period.

INFRARED DETECTING SWITCH FOR SURVEILLANCE CAMERA

An infrared detecting switch for a surveillance camera includes a detector, an amplifier circuit, and a switch circuit. The detector can detect infrared radiation emitted by a person and output a voltage signal. The amplifier circuit can receive the voltage signal and amplify the voltage signal. The switch circuit can receive the voltage signal and supply power to the surveillance camera.

Bias circuit for a photodetector, and an optical receiver

A bias circuit for a photodetector by the present invention provides a bias voltage to the photodetector that performs electric current amplification according to the bias voltage supplied, and is characterized by comprising a power node and an auto-bias circuit that changes a time constant of the bias circuit for the photodetector according to an optical power received by the photodetector, the auto-bias circuit being connected between the power node and the photodetector, thereby reliability of operation of the photodetector is enhanced.

LIGHT/VOLTAGE CONVERTER CIRCUIT FOR CONVERTING INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS OF LIGHT INTO AN ALTERNATING VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT SIGNAL

A light/voltage converter circuit for converting intensity fluctuations of light into an alternating voltage measurement signal includes a photodiode configured to detect the light and a transformer comprising a primary coil and a secondary coil. The primary coil is connected in a series circuit to the photodiode, and the alternating voltage measurement signal is applied to the secondary coil. An electrical network is configured to block direct current and conduct alternating current. The electrical network is connected in parallel with the series circuit consisting of the primary coil of the transformer and the photodiode.

LOW CURRENT DETECTION

A sensor arrangement for light sensing for light-to-frequency conversion. The sensor arrangement includes a photodiode, an integrator operable to perform an integration phase during an integration time by converting a photocurrent generated by the photodiode into an input voltage, a voltage analog-to-digital converter (ADC) operable to perform a modulation phase by converting the input voltage (VIN) into a digital output signal (ADC_RESULT) which is indicative of the photocurrent generated by the photodiode, a first switch electrically coupled to the photodiode and the integrator input, and a second switch electrically coupled to the input voltage node and a second reference voltage.

Switched capacitor amplifier circuit, voltage amplification method, and infrared sensor device

A switched capacitor amplifier circuit includes an operational amplifier, a first capacitor and a second capacitor each having one end connected to a negative input terminal of the operational amplifier, a first switching circuit configured to connect the other end of the first capacitor and a signal source during a first operation, a second switching circuit configured to connect the other end of the second capacitor and the output terminal of the operational amplifier so as to connect the output terminal and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier through the second capacitor during the second operation, and an impedance converter circuit configured to convert an output impedance of the signal source into a specified impedance, the impedance converter circuit being connected between the first switching circuit and the other end of the first capacitor.

Method and device for reading out electrical charges provided by a photodetector, and detector including such devices.

Optical sensor arrangement and method for light sensing

An optical sensor arrangement (10) comprises a photodiode (11) for providing a sensor current (IPD) and an analog-to-digital converter arrangement (12) which is coupled to the photodiode (11) and determines a digital value of the sensor current (IPD) in a charge balancing operation in a first phase (A) and in another conversion operation in a second phase (B).

Ambient light compensation device for optical sensors equally exposed to useful light and ambient light

Rain drop detection device having a state detecting unit

Photometric apparatus employing solid-state imaging device

A photometric apparatus has a solid-state imaging device whose substrate is formed as an overflow drain, a drive stopping circuit for stopping the driving of the solid-state imaging device with no bias being applied, and a photometric circuit for measuring a photoelectric current which flows from each photodiode into the overflow drain in correspondence with an image of an object. An electrode which is formed to cover the entire substrate surface of the solid-state imaging device may be composed of a plurality of electrode segments which correspond to photometric regions into which are divided one viewfinder field.

COLOR SENSOR CIRCUIT USING CHARGE STORAGE DEVICE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a color sensor circuit that overcomes a defect related to a problem of space efficiency and temperature dependence. SOLUTION: The color sensor circuit has (a) a light detector 120 that receives light, generates a signal depending on the received light, and includes a first electrode combined to the first node and a second electrode combined with a second predetermined signal 122, (b) a storage device 130 including a first electrode and a second electrode combined with the second predetermined signal 122, (c) a first switch 140 for alternatively combining a first node with the first electrode of the storage device based on a charge storage control signal 144, (d) a signal processing circuit 160 including a first electrode and the output for generating a signal representing the light received by the light detector, (e) a second switch 150 for selectively combining the first electrode of the storage device with the first electrode of the signal processing circuit ...

CIRCUIT FOR MEASURING RECEIVING LIGHT INTENSITY OF PHOTOSENSOR

PURPOSE: To obtain the more accurate information of an object, by allowing flip- flop to store that the output of a threshold element is reversed from the initial value thereof while performing the continuity of a resetting transistor by the stored output thereof to reset the output of a photosensor. CONSTITUTION: When a RESET signal comes to zero, a transistor 1 is brought to a discontinuity state and the charge of a capacitor 2 is discharged by the photocurrent of a photodiode 3 to be gradually increased as shown by the drawing (b). When this voltage Va becomes larger than the threshold voltage Vth of a threshold element, the output Vb thereof is reversed to zero as shown by the drawing (c) while a flip-flop 5 is set as shwon by the drawing (d) and Q becomes equal to 1. When the flip-flop 5 is set, the output of an OR gate 6 also comes to 1 as shown by the drawing (e) and, by this mechanism, a reseting transistor 1 is brought to a continuity state to form formulae Va=0, Vb=1. The flip-flop ...

OPTICAL-QUANTITY MEASURING CIRCUIT

PURPOSE: To obtain the result of the measurement of the quantity of light in an accurate digital value all the time by taking out the stored value in a latch circuit as the measured value of the quantity of the light which is received with a light sensor in measuring circuit using a charge storage type optical sensor. CONSTITUTION: A counted value is changed in response to the rise-up of a counting pulse CP in a counter 40. At this time, a synchronizing circuit 20 makes a latch circuit 30 read the counted value after the end of the counting operation of the counter 40 in synchronization with the fall-down of the counting pulse CP in the reverse direction. Thus, the storing of the erroneously counted value during the counting operation can be prevented. For example, ON/OFF operations in transmission gages 21 and 22 based on the counting pulses CP in the synchronizing circuit 20 are reversed, and an inverter 23 and a NAND gate 24 can be switched. At this time, an output S from a light sensor ...

Signal processing device and photodetection device

In a signal processing device of an embodiment, an integration circuit accumulates a charge from a photodiode in an integrating capacitor element, and outputs a voltage value according to the amount of charge. A comparator circuit, when the voltage value from the integration circuit has reached a reference value, outputs a saturation signal. A charge injection circuit, in response to the saturation signal, injects an opposite polarity of charge into the integrating capacitor element. A counter circuit performs counting based on the saturation signal. A holding circuit holds the voltage value from the integration circuit. An amplifier circuit outputs a voltage value that is K times (where K>1) larger than the voltage value held by the holding circuit. An A/D converter circuit sets a voltage value that is K times larger than the reference value as the maximum input voltage value, that is, a full-scale value, and outputs a digital value corresponding to the voltage value from the amplifier circuit.

Array configuration and readout scheme

The described embodiments may provide a chemical detection circuit that may comprise a plurality of first output circuits at a first side and a plurality of second output circuits at a second side of the chemical detection circuit. The chemical detection circuit may further comprise a plurality of tiles of pixels each placed between respective pairs of first and second output circuits. Each tile may include four quadrants of pixels. Each quadrant may have columns with designated first columns interleaved with second columns. Each first column may be coupled to a respective first output circuit in first and second quadrants, and to a respective second output circuit in third and fourth quadrants. Each second column may be coupled to a respective second output circuit in first and second quadrants, and to a respective first output circuit in third and fourth quadrants.

High-speed analog photon counter and method

A high speed analog photon counter and method is provided. In one aspect, the method includes delivering an electric charge to a circuit of the high speed analog photon counter through a current source of the circuit. The method also includes accumulating the electric charge in a capacitor of the circuit electrically coupled to the current source. The method further includes comparing the electric charge accumulated in the capacitor of the circuit with a reference voltage through a comparator of the circuit electrically coupled to an output of the capacitor. The output of the capacitor of the circuit is coupled to an input of the comparator of the circuit, and the reference voltage is coupled to another input of the comparator of the circuit. The method furthermore includes resetting the capacitor of the circuit when the electric charge accumulated in the capacitor of the circuit matches the reference voltage.

Single photon detector and photon number resolving detector

Provided is a single photon detector and a photon number detector which use an APD and include an auxiliary signal generator, a light receiving element, a mixer, and a determiner The auxiliary signal generator generates an auxiliary signal. The light receiving element receives a photon to output an electric signal. The mixer receives and mixes an output signal of the light receiving element and the auxiliary signal. The determiner determines whether the photon is received or the number of received photons. The single photon detector and photon number resolving detector detect an avalanche of an amplitude less than the amplitude of a capacitive response. A probability that an after pulse is generated can be reduced. A photon count rate is enhanced. The influence on the waveform of the gate signal can be decreased. The frequency of the gate signal can be continuously changed.

Imaging systems and methods including pixel arrays with reduced numbers of metal lines and control signals

This is generally directed to systems and methods for reduced metal lines and control signals in an imaging system. For example, in some embodiments a pixel cell of an imaging system can operate without a row select transistor, and therefore can operate without a row select metal control line. As another example, in some embodiments a pixel cell can share its reset transistor control line with a transfer transistor control line of another pixel cell. In this manner, an imaging system can be created that averages a single metal line per pixel cell. In some embodiments, operation of such reduced-metal line imaging systems can use modified timing schemes of control signals.

Sensor circuit and display apparatus

A sensor circuit or a display apparatus from which a highly accurate sensor output can be obtained includes a photodiode (photodetecting element); a capacitor connected to the photodiode via an accumulation node; a reset signal line to which a reset signal is supplied; a readout signal line to which a readout signal is supplied; a thin-film transistor (sensor switching element) that makes the accumulation node and an output line conductive with respect to each other and outputs an output signal according to the potential of the accumulation node; a microswitch that is capable of switching connection and disconnection between the accumulation node and an input electrode and provides connection when a pressure is applied by a touching operation; and a thin-film (control switching element) for switching conduction and non-conduction between the microswitch and the accumulation node.

Current sensing circuit

A current sensing circuit includes a current sensing unit, a feedback control unit and a digital output unit. The current sensing unit senses a current and produces a pulse signal according to at least one reference signal and at least one feedback signal. The current sensing unit includes a first capacitor set and a second capacitor set. The current sensing unit selects at least one capacitor in the first capacitor set and at least one capacitor in the second capacitor set according to the current value so as to adjust the precision of the current sensing circuit. The feedback control unit is coupled to the current sensing unit and produces the feedback signals according to a clock signal and the pulse signal. The digital output unit is coupled to the current sensing unit and outputs a digital signal according to the pulse signal.

Detection device, sensor device, and electronic apparatus

A detection device includes a plurality of pyroelectric elements, detection circuit and a poling circuit. The pyroelectric elements include a first pyroelectric element through an n-th pyroelectric element serially provided between a detection node and a first power supply node with n being an integer equal to or greater than 2. The detection circuit is connected to the detection node. The poling circuit is configured to perform a poling process, in which a direction of polarization of at least one of the first pyroelectric element through the nth pyroelectric element is set independently of a direction of polarization of another one of the first pyroelectric element through the n-th pyroelectric element.

Two-Transistor Pixel Array

A two-transistor (2T) pixel comprises a chemically-sensitive transistor (ChemFET) and a selection device which is a non-chemically sensitive transistor. A plurality of the 2T pixels may form an array, having a number of rows and a number of columns. The ChemFET can be configured in a source follower or common source readout mode. Both the ChemFET and the non-chemically sensitive transistor can be NMOS or PMOS device.

Optical sensor and display device

In a liquid crystal display device, noise light to a photodetecting element is reduced, whereby an improved S/N ratio is achieved. The liquid crystal display device includes: a first substrate ( 100 ) on which a pixel circuit is provided; a second substrate ( 101 ) arranged so as to face the first substrate ( 100 ) with a liquid crystal layer ( 30 ) being interposed therebetween; a photodetecting element ( 17 ) provided on the first substrate ( 100 ); and a detection light filter ( 18 ) that is provided between the photodetecting element ( 17 ) and the liquid crystal layer ( 30 ) and that cuts off light in a band outside a signal light band that is a band of light to be detected by the photodetecting element ( 17 ).

Array Column Integrator

Circuits are described for reading a chemically-sensitive field-effect transistor (chemFET) with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. In one embodiment, a device is described that includes a chemFET including a first terminal and a second terminal, and a floating gate coupled to a passivation layer. An integrator circuit is coupled to the second source/drain terminal of the chemFET via a data line. The integrator circuit applies a bias voltage to the data line during a read interval, thereby inducing a current through the chemFET based on a threshold voltage of the chemFET. The integrator circuit then generates an output signal proportional to an integral of the induced current through the chemFET during the read interval.

Electronic device for baselining the current emitted by electromagnetic radiation detectors

A microelectronic device for electromagnetic radiation measurement including a bolometer and an integrator including an integration capacitor, to output, during an integration time, a first signal with variable amplitude and frequency according to the current emitted by the detector, in a form of a series of pulses, and a controller controlling the first signal, to deliver a second signal. The controller includes: a counting device to count each pulse of the first signal detected during an integration time and to indicate an end of counting when a predetermined number N of pulses is reached, and when the end-of-integration time is reached and a predetermined number N of pulses has been counted or deducted by the counter, to emit a second amplitude signal, depending on or equal to the amplitude of the first signal.

Image sensor

An image sensor for reducing a sampling time by shortening a stabilization duration is provided. The image sensor includes a pixel unit, a sampling unit sampling a signal from an output node of the pixel unit, a sinking unit sinking current from the output node of the pixel unit, and a current controller controlling the amount of current in the sinking unit.

Semiconductor device

A semiconductor device includes a pair of sensor units each of which includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a signal holding unit and a transfer unit, and outputs a signal held by the signal holding unit, comprising a control unit including a detector unit, wherein when one of the pair of sensor units operates in a first mode, the other operates in a second mode, the detector unit detects that the output has reached a predetermined value after the one starting a signal transfer, the one ends the signal transfer in response to the detection and determines the held signal, the control unit generates a control signal after that, and the other in the second mode accumulates generated charges and starts a signal transfer in accordance with the control signal, then ends the signal transfer and determines the held signal.

OPTOELECTRONIC MEASURING SYSTEM WITH A COMPENSATION LIGHT SOURCE

An optoelectronic measuring system comprises at least two transmission light sources that emit time-sequentially clocked, phased light. A compensation light source is controlled independently of the transmission light sources. A receiver receives the light radiated by the transmission light sources, and the compensation light source converts them into an electrical received signal. At least two evaluation units evaluate the received signal and generate one control signal each. At least two transmission paths each comprise a transmission light source, an evaluation unit and a clock generator. The clock generator generates the clock for the transmission light sources and for the evaluation unit. The evaluation units each generate a control signal. A control unit generates a compensation control signal from the control signals, with which the compensation light source is controlled and supplied. The evaluation unit generates a clock-synchronous control signal for the transmission light source from the received signal. 2. The optoelectronic measuring arrangement according to claim 1 , characterized in that the evaluation unit of a transmission path generates a clock-synchronous control signal from the receiving signal to compensate the clock synchronous alternating light components in the receiving signal.3. The optoelectronic measuring arrangement according to claim 1 , characterized in that the control unit comprises an adder.4. The optoelectronic measuring arrangement according to claim 1 , characterized in that the compensation control signal contains the frequency components of the control signals of the at least two evaluation units.5. The optoelectronic measuring arrangement according to claim 1 , characterized in that the evaluation units control the associated transmission light sources in clock-synchronous manner.6. The optoelectronic measuring arrangement according to claim 1 , characterized in that the clock frequencies for controlling the transmission light ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DISTINGUISHING A SELF-LUMINOUS OBJECT FROM A REFLECTING OBJECT

A method and device for distinguishing a self-luminous object from a reflecting object in a detection range of a camera of a vehicle having at least one headlight, when the object is illuminated by the headlight, are described. The method includes a step of receiving a relative position of the object with respect to the vehicle and a brightness value of the object from the camera. Furthermore, the method includes a step of comparing the brightness value to a self-luminous value expected at the relative position and a reflection value expected at the relative position. Moreover, the method includes a step of classifying the object as self-luminous, if the brightness value is within a self-luminous tolerance range about the self-luminous value or as reflecting, if the brightness value is within a reflection tolerance range about the reflection value. 1. A method for distinguishing a self-luminous object from a reflecting object in a detection range of a camera of a vehicle having at least one headlight , if the object is illuminated by the headlight , the method comprising:receiving a relative position of the object with respect to the vehicle and a brightness value of the object from the camera;comparing the brightness value to at least one of (i) a self-luminous value expected at the relative position and (ii) a reflection value expected at the relative position; andclassifying the object as one of (i) self-luminous, if the brightness value is within a self-luminous tolerance range about the self-luminous value and (ii) reflecting, if the brightness value is within a reflection tolerance range about the reflection value.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:ascertaining at least one of (i) a function of self-luminosity values to be expected at different relative positions in front of the vehicle and (ii) a function of reflection values to be expected at different relative positions in front of the vehicle.3. The method according to claim 1 , ...

PULSED LASER SIGNAL DISRUPTING DEVICE INCORPORATING LED ILLUMINATOR

The invention discloses a pulsed-laser signal disrupting device incorporating a high intensity LED illuminator including a pulsed-laser detector, pulsed-laser beam emitting source, high intensity and efficiency LED illuminator, microcontroller and a user interface. A microcontroller algorithm detects a foreign pulsed-laser signal and performs disruption with automatic camouflaging of the disruption signal source. 19-. (canceled)10. A pulsed-laser signal disrupting device incorporating a LED illuminator comprising:a pulsed-laser beam detector;a pulsed-laser beam transmitter;an LED illuminator;a microcontroller with program storage means, anduser interface means,wherein the microcontroller program logic records any foreign pulsed-laser signal pattern received via pulsed-laser beam detector, compares the recorded pattern with a pre-stored database of malicious signals, and if detected as malicious—informs a user via the user interface means and automatically initiates transmission of disrupting signals via the pulsed-laser beam transmitter that match in frequency with the foreign signal received, andwherein, the LED illuminator is automatically activated at that time to disguise the signal disrupting source.11. The device of wherein said LED illuminator comprises visible light LEDs claim 10 , infrared light LEDs or their combination. Invention relates to pulsed laser signal disrupting device incorporating LED illuminator, where the pulsed laser signal source that is being disrupted is a video LIDAR device, a device that is a combination of a previous LIDAR device and a video camera which records the view area of a LIDAR device and the target within it.The present invention relates to pulsed laser signal disrupting device incorporating LED illuminator.The preferred embodiment describes an optical pulsed-laser detector wherein the optical signal is converted to an electrical signal, a pulsed-laser beam emitting source preferably a semiconductor laser diode wherein the ...

Flexible Readout and Signal Processing in a Computational Sensor Array

A computational sensing array includes an array of sensing elements. In each sensing element, a first signal is generated from a transducer. A second signal is produced by a collection unit in response to receiving the first signal. The second signal may be modified, in a conditioning unit. A sensing element preprocessing unit generates a word representing the value of the modified second signal, and may produce an indication of change of the first signal. A current value of the word may be stored in a state holding element local to the sensing element, and a previous value of the word may be retained in a further state holding element local to the sensing element. 1. A computational sensing array electronic circuit comprising: a transducer configured to produce a first signal in response to an environmental condition;', 'a collection unit coupled to the transducer and configured to produce a second signal derived from the first signal and representing the environmental condition;', 'a conditioning unit coupled to the collection unit and configured to modify the second signal; and', 'a sensing element preprocessing unit coupled to the conditioning unit and configured to produce a value of the second signal as modified and to produce an indication of change of the first signal., 'an array of sensing elements, each sensing element including2. The computational sensing array electronic circuit of claim 1 , wherein:the sensing element preprocessing unit includes a first state holding element configured to store a current value of the second signal as modified, as a first state holding element value;the sensing element preprocessing unit includes a second state holding element configured to store a prior value of the second signal as modified, as a second state holding element value; andthe indication of change of the first signal includes the first state holding element value and the second state holding element value as stored.3. The computational sensing array ...

Light Quantity Detection Method and Device Therefor

To enable measurement over a wide dynamic range from weak light quantity to strong light quantity in a light quantity detection device for detecting the light quantity, a detection signal from a photon counting light detector is A/D converted. When the A/D converted detection signal has a preset threshold value or more, the detection signal is transmitted as it is to a number-of-photons calculation circuit in a subsequent stage, and when the detection signal has the threshold value or less, threshold value processing for transmitting a preset reference value to the subsequent stage is performed. In the number-of-photons calculation circuit, the number of photons or the light quantity incident on the photon counting light detector is acquired from the dimension of an acquired detection signal waveform until the light quantity measurement ends. 1. A light quantity detection device , comprising:a light detector which detects light;an amplifier which amplifies a detection signal from the light detection means;an A/D convertor which A/D converts the detection signal amplified by the amplifier;a threshold value processing circuit unit which carries out threshold processing to the detection signal A/D converted by the A/D convertor by using a threshold value; anda number-of-photons calculation circuit unit which calculates the intensity of light or the number of photons incident on the light detector from the detection signal which is threshold processed by the threshold value processing circuit unit,wherein the number-of-photons calculation circuit unit calculates the intensity of light or the number of photons incident on the light detector based on a dimension of a signal waveform of the detection signal threshold processed by the threshold value processing circuit unit.2. The light quantity detection device according to claim 1 , wherein the number-of-photons calculation circuit unit calculates the intensity of light or the number of photons incident on the light ...

OPTICAL SENSOR DEVICE

An optical sensor element is mounted in a package which includes a glass lid substrate () having a filter function and a class substrate having a cavity. The glass substrate () having a cavity includes therein a through-electrode () in which metal is filled, and has wiring patterns () provided by metalization on a front surface and a rear surface, respectively, thereof. The wiring pattern () and a wiring pattern ( provided by retail nation on the glass lid substrate () are fixed and connected to each other with an adhesive having conductive particles () added thereto. The wiring patterns () provided by metalization on the front surface and the rear surface, respectively, of the substrate () having a cavity and the metal filled in the through-electrode are structurally and electrically integrated wish each other. 1. An optical censor device , comprising:a glass lid substrate;an optical sensor element electrically connected to a wiring pattern provided by metalization on the glass lid substrate; anda glass substrate with a cavity bonded to the glass lid substrate, wherein:the glass substrate with a cavity includes therein a through-electrode in which metal is filled;the glass substrate with a cavity includes wiring patterns provided by metalization on a side of a surface having the cavity and on an opposite surface side, respectively;the wiring patterns and the metal filled in the through-electrode are structurally integral with each other;the wiring pattern on the glass lid substrate and the wiring pattern on the side of the surface having the cavity on the glass substrate with a cavity are electrically connected to each other with an adhesive having conductive particles added thereto; andthe glass lid substrate and the glass substrate with a cavity are fixed and bonded together.2. An optical sensor device according to claim 1 , wherein the glass lid substrate comprises a substrate made of glass having a filter function.3. An optical sensor device according to claim ...

RADIATION DETECTION DEVICE WITH IMPROVED ILLUMINATION RANGE

A pixel comprises a photodetector and a control circuit. The pixel is provided with an output terminal designed to connect an analysis circuit. The photodetector is configured to have two different operating modes associated with different biasing conditions. A switch connecting the photodetector to the output terminal of the pixel and a circuit for a connecting/disconnecting the control circuit with the output terminal of the pixel and with the photodetector allow to switch between the two operating modes. A comparator compares the voltage across the capacitive load with respect to a threshold value and outputs first and second signals according to the comparison. The comparator is connected to the circuit for connecting/disconnecting the control circuit and to the switch. 1. Device for detecting electromagnetic radiation comprising:a photodetector provided with two terminals,a control circuit configured for converting the current issued by the photodetector into a first electrical variable by means of a load,a pixel including the photodetector and the control circuit, the pixel being provided with an output terminal designed to be connected to an analysis circuit,a biasing circuit of the photodetector configured to apply a first potential difference across the terminals of the photodetector in a first operating condition and configured so that one of the terminals of the photodetector is at a floating potential in a second operating condition,a connecting circuit configured for connecting the control circuit with the output terminal of the pixel and with the photodetector when the photodetector is in the first operating mode, and configured for disconnecting the control circuit when the photodetector is in the second operating mode,a switch connecting the photodetector to the output terminal of the pixel and configured to be in the blocking state when the photodetector is in the first operating mode and to be in the passing state when the photodetector is in the ...

Method and Apparatus for Examining a Sample

A method and an apparatus for examining a sample. The apparatus has a light source for generating excitation light in pulses which occur in succession at an excitation pulse frequency, for illuminating a sample region with the excitation pulse, and having a detector for detecting the detection light emanating from the sample region. The apparatus is characterized in that, for each detected photon of the detection light, the detector generates an electrical pulse and thereby a sequence of electrical pulses, and an analog-digital converter is provided that generates a digital data sequence by sampling the sequence of electrical pulses at a sampling rate. 1. A method for examining a sample comprising:generating excitation light in pulses which occur in succession at an excitation pulse frequency;illuminating a sample region with the excitation light;detecting the detection light emanating from the sample region using a detector which, for each detected photon of the detection light, generates an electrical pulse and thereby a sequence of electrical pulses; andgenerating a digital data sequence by sampling the sequence of electrical pulses using an analog-digital converter at a sampling rate.2. The method as recited in claim 1 ,whereina. the sampling rate is higher than the excitation pulse frequency and/orb. the sampling rate is more than 50 times higher than the excitation pulse frequency and/orc. the sampling rate is greater than 1 gigasample per second, in particular, greater than 3 gigasamples per second, in particular, is approximately 5 gigasamples per second, in particular, is greater than 5 gigasamples per second,d. the sampling is carried out at a resolution of 8 bits or at a resolution of 10 bits.3. The method as recited in claim 1 ,wherein the excitation pulse frequency is greater than 50 MHz, in particular, is approximately 80 MHz, and/or the duration of an excitation pulse is shorter than 10 ps (picoseconds), in particular, shorter than 1 ps, in particular ...

LIGHT SENSING APPARATUS AND ADJUSTMENT METHOD THEREOF

A light sensing apparatus includes a light sensing module, a signal conversion module and a processing module. The light sensing module is configured to output a first and second sense signals according to a light intensity emitting thereon. The signal conversion module is electrically coupled to the light sensing module and configured to receive the first and second sense signals and output a sense value according to a relative difference between the first and second sense signals, The comparison module is electrically coupled to the signal conversion module and configured to adjust a light sensing characteristic of the light sensing module according to the sense value so as to adjust a light sensing characteristic of the light sensing module. An adjustment method for a light sensing apparatus is also provided. 1. A light sensing apparatus , comprising:a light sensing module configured to output a first sense signal and a second sense signal according to a light intensity emitting thereon;a signal conversion module electrically coupled to the light sensing module and configured to receive the first and second sense signals from the light sensing module and output a sense value according to a relative difference between the first and second sense signals; anda processing module electrically coupled to the signal conversion module and configured to adjust a light sensing characteristic of the light sensing module according to the sense value so as to adjust a light sensing characteristic of the light sensing module.2. The light sensing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the light sensing module comprises: a first transistor comprising a first terminal, a second terminal and a gate terminal for receiving a first control signal;', 'a first capacitor comprising a first terminal electrically coupled to the first terminal of the first transistor, a second terminal for receiving a common voltage;', 'a first light sensing transistor comprising a first terminal ...

TIME-DELAY INTEGRATION THROUGH REDUCTION OF DELAY BETWEEN SUBSEQUENT CAPTURE OPERATIONS OF A LIGHT-DETECTION DEVICE

Disclosed are a system, a method and an apparatus of reduction of delay between subsequent capture operations of a light-detection device. In one embodiment, a light-detection circuit includes an avalanche photodiode implemented in a deep submicron CMOS technology. In addition, the light-detection circuit includes a passive quench control circuit to create an avalanche current that generates a high voltage at an output of a second inverter gate of the circuit. The light-detection circuit further includes an active quench control circuit to reduce a dead time of the circuit. The light-detection circuit also includes a reset circuit to create a low voltage at an output of the second inverter gate and to create an active reset through a PMOS transistor of the light-detection circuit. 1. A light-detection circuit , comprising:an avalanche photodiode implemented in a deep submicron CMOS technology;a passive quench control circuit of the light-detection circuit to create an avalanche current that generates a high voltage at an output of a second inverter gate of the circuit;an active quench control circuit of the light-detection circuit to reduce a dead time of the circuit; anda reset circuit of the light-detection circuit to create a low voltage at an output of the second inverter gate and to create an active reset of a PMOS transistor of the circuit.2. The circuit of wherein the avalanche photodiode is operated in a Geiger mode of operation claim 1 , wherein the passive quench control circuit claim 1 , the active quench control circuit claim 1 , and the reset circuit operate in concert to reduce a dead time of the circuit to at most 250 ps.3. The circuit of wherein the deep submicron CMOS technology is a 130 nm CMOS technology having a breakdown voltage of 11.3V.4. The circuit of wherein the light-detection circuit is a single photon counter device that operates the avalanche photodiode at an operating point that reduces an afterpulsing effect.5. The circuit of wherein ...

Light Source Evaluation Device and Solar Cell Evaluation Device

With a light source evaluation device according to the present invention and a solar cell evaluation device employing the same, a dependency P (λ, Ib) for each wavelength λ of a short-circuit current Ib generated by white bias light of a measurement target solar cell , which is pre-measured at each of a plurality (i) of irradiance levels, is regarded as a spectral responsivity Pi (λ) at each irradiance level, and a value for adjusting a light quantity of an illumination light source that illuminates the solar cell is computed using a spectral responsivity Ps (λ), which is computed using the spectral responsivity Pi (λ), a pre-supplied spectral irradiance S (λ) of reference sunlight, and a pre-measured spectral irradiance L (λ) of the illumination light source . Therefore the light source evaluation device having this configuration and the solar cell evaluation device employing the same can accurately adjust the light quantity of the illumination light source when evaluating the solar cell of which spectral responsivity changes depending on the light quantity. 1. A light source evaluation device , comprising:a spectro-radio meter that measures a spectral irradiance L (λ) of a light source for illuminating a measurement target solar cell;a first storage unit that stores a pre-measured spectral irradiance S (λ) of reference sunlight;a second storage unit that stores, as a spectral responsivity Pi (λ) at each of a plurality (i) of irradiation levels, a dependency P (λ, Ib) for each wavelength λ, of a short-circuit current Ib generated by white bias light of the solar cell, which is pre-measured at each irradiance level; anda computing unit that computes a value for adjusting a light quantity of the light source for illuminating the solar cell, using a spectral responsivity Ps (λ) of the solar cell corresponding to the irradiance level of each wavelength of the light source determined by computation using the spectral responsivity Pi (λ) at each of the plurality (i) of ...

LIGHT MEASURING CIRCUIT AND METHOD

A light measuring circuit includes an integration circuit for integrating a current supplied form a photoelectric conversion element, an AD converter for AD converting the output voltage of the integration circuit, and a controller for obtaining a first AD conversion result from the AD converter and controlling the integration circuit and the AD converter to determine the time constant of the integration circuit in a second AD conversion following a first AD conversion. In this way, it is possible to measure the photocurrent with a wide dynamic range without making the circuit more complicated. 1. A light measuring circuit comprising:an integration circuit for integrating a current supplied from a photoelectric conversion element;an AD converter for AD converting the output voltage of the integration circuit; anda controller for obtaining a first AD conversion result from the AD converter, and controlling the integration circuit and the AD converter to determine the time constant of the integration circuit in a second AD conversion following a first AD conversion based on the value of the first AD conversion result.2. The light measuring circuit according to claim 1 ,wherein the controller controls so that the time constant of the integration circuit in the second AD conversion is different from that in the first AD conversion.3. The light measuring circuit according to claim 1 ,wherein the integration circuit comprises:an operational amplifier for receiving a current that is supplied from the photoelectric conversion element to an inverting terminal, coupling a non-inverting terminal to a reference voltage, and outputting the output voltage of the integration circuit from an output terminal; andfirst to n-th (n is an integer of 2 or more) capacitive elements that can be coupled in parallel between the non-inverting terminal and the output terminal,wherein the controller determines the time constant of the integration circuit in the second AD conversion according to ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION CONTROL

A method of compensating for electromagnetic radiation. The method may include measuring electromagnetic radiation emanating from circuitry at a first frequency and adjusting at least one of the electrical settings of the circuitry based on the measurement of the electromagnetic radiation to reduce the electromagnetic radiation at the first frequency emanating from the circuitry. 1. A method of compensating for electromagnetic radiation , the method comprising:measuring electromagnetic radiation emanating from circuitry at a first frequency; andadjusting at least one of the electrical settings of the circuitry based on the measurement of the electromagnetic radiation to reduce the electromagnetic radiation at the first frequency emanating from the circuitry.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first frequency approximately equals a clock frequency used by the circuitry.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry receives signals from or transmits signals to an optical subassembly.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the adjusted electrical setting comprises at least one of: modulation level claim 3 , signal amplitude level claim 3 , electrical cross point level claim 3 , signal rise time claim 3 , signal fall time claim 3 , signal overshoot claim 3 , signal undershoot claim 3 , receiver sensitivity claim 3 , and voltage biasing level.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry is configured to extract data from an electrical signal claim 1 , wherein adjusting the at least one of the electrical settings of the circuitry reduces an ability of the circuitry to extract the data from the electrical signal.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring the electromagnetic radiation is performed by an electromagnetic radiation detection module.7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising sending the measurement of the electromagnetic radiation at the first frequency to a control module that controls electrical settings of the circuitry.8. The method of claim 7 , ...

PHOTODECTOR UNIT, OPTICAL PICKUP INCLUDING THE PHOTODECTOR UNIT, AND OPTICAL SYSTEM INCLUDING THE OPTICAL PICKUP

Provided is a photodetector unit including a photodetector integrated circuit (PDIC). The photodetector may reduce a height of a conventional optical pickup by improving the input/output terminals of the PDIC and accordingly improving the contact points and wires of a corresponding printed circuit board (PCB). 1. A photodetector integrated circuit (PDIC) for an optical pickup , the PDIC comprising:a light-receiving portion comprising a main light-receiving part and sub light-receiving parts respectively disposed on oppositing sides of the main light-receiving part, each of the main light-receiving part and the sub light-receiving parts comprising a plurality of sectional light-receiving areas; anda plurality of lands which output a detection signal of light detected by each of the sectional light-receiving areas of the main light-receiving part and the sub light-receiving parts,wherein the plurality of lands are arranged to form two lateral lines in a height direction of the optical pickup.2. The PDIC of claim 1 , further comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) which is coupled to the PDIC so as to contact the plurality of lands.3. The PDIC of claim 2 , wherein the PCB comprises a flexible PCB.4. The PDIC of claim 2 , wherein the PCB comprises a plurality of contact points that contact the plurality of lands claim 2 , and wires formed on the PCB to connect the plurality of contact points to an external circuit extend in a lateral direction that is perpendicular to the height direction of the optical pickup.5. The PDIC of claim 2 , wherein the PCB comprises a plurality of contact points that contact the plurality of lands claim 2 , and some of a plurality of wires formed on the PCB to connect the plurality of contact points to an external circuit extend in a lateral direction that is perpendicular to the height direction of the optical pickup claim 2 , and the remaining wires extend in a second direction opposite to a first direction corresponding to a direction ...

Measuring Transducer for Detecting the Formation of Foam on a Liquid

A measuring transducer for detecting the formation of foam on a liquid, which is movably inserted into the liquid and the density of which is predetermined, or can be set, such that the measuring transducer floats on the surface of the liquid, wherein a device for determining the luminous flux incident on the top side of the measuring transducer is provided to detect the formation of foam on the liquid which, in many cases, is a process sequence property that is important for process optimization, and wherein an evaluation device of the measuring transducer is configured to output a signal for indicating the formation of the foam when the light flux determined undershoots a predefined threshold value. 19.-. (canceled)10. A measuring transducer for detecting formation of foam on a liquid , the measuring transducer being movably placeable in the liquid and a density of which is one of predetermined and adjustable such that the measuring transducer floats on a surface of the liquid , comprising:a device configured to determine a luminous flux incident on an upper side of the measuring transducer; andan evaluation device arranged in the measuring transducer and formed so as to output a signal to indicate foam formation on the liquid when the determined luminous flux falls below a specified threshold value.11. The measuring transducer as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the device configured to determine the luminous flux incident comprises one of a phototransistor and a photodiode.12. The measuring transducer as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the threshold value is specified as a function of a calibration value determined in a foam-free state.13. The measuring transducer as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the threshold value is specified as a function of a calibration value determined in a foam-free state.14. The measuring transducer as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the threshold value is additionally specified as a function of a further calibration value determined in a ...

CONFIGURABLE PHOTO DETECTOR CIRCUIT

A configurable photo detector circuit comprises a photo detector array including a plurality of photo detectors coupled to a plurality of amplifiers. A method for programming a detection pattern of the configurable photo detector circuit comprises selecting a first detection pattern for the photo detector array, generating first signals to create the first selected detection pattern, and applying the first generated signals to the photo detector circuit to implement the first selected detection pattern.

PASSIVE DETECTORS FOR IMAGING SYSTEMS

Passive detector structures for imaging systems are provided which implement unpowered, passive front-end detector structures with direct-to-digital measurement data output for detecting incident photonic radiation in various portions (e.g., thermal (IR), near IR, UV and visible light) of the electromagnetic spectrum. 1. A photon detector device , comprising:a substrate;a resonator member having a frequency and disposed on the substrate;a passive detector structure disposed on the substrate and mechanically coupled to the resonator member, wherein the passive detector structure comprises a detector member that is mechanically distorted in response to photon exposure to apply a mechanical force to the resonator member and change the frequency of the resonator member in response to said mechanical force; anda digital circuit coupled to the resonator member, for determining the frequency of the resonator member, which changes due to the mechanical force exerted on said resonator member by the passive detector structure, and determining an amount of incident photonic energy absorbed by said detector member based on said determined frequency.2. The photon detector of claim 1 , wherein the photon detector is configured to detect infrared energy.3. The photon detector of claim 1 , wherein the passive detector structure further comprises a first support member claim 1 , wherein the detector member comprises a ribbon member claim 1 , and wherein the passive detector structure and the resonator member form a bridge structure claim 1 , wherein the bridge structure comprises the ribbon member suspended above said substrate between the first support member and the resonator member above said substrate claim 1 , wherein the ribbon member comprises a material having a thermal coefficient of expansion claim 1 , which expands and contracts by absorption of photonic energy to exert mechanical force on the resonator member.4. The photon detector of claim 3 , wherein the first support ...

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION APPARATUS AND IMAGE PICKUP SYSTEM HAVING PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION APPARATUS

A photoelectric conversion apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention includes a first substrate including a photoelectric conversion region and a surrounding region, and a second substrate including a circuit for processing a signal from the photoelectric conversion region, and overlapping the first substrate. In this case, the circuit for processing a signal from the photoelectric conversion region includes a first circuit and a second circuit with a higher drive frequency than that of the first circuit. In an orthogonal projection, the second circuit is only provided in the photoelectric conversion region. 1. A photoelectric conversion apparatus comprising:a first substrate including a photoelectric conversion region including a photoelectric conversion element and a circuit for reading a signal from the photoelectric conversion region, and a surrounding region; anda second substrate including a circuit for processing a signal from the photoelectric conversion region, and overlapping the first substrate,wherein the circuit for processing a signal from the photoelectric conversion region includes a first circuit and a second circuit with a higher drive frequency than that of the first circuit; andin an orthogonal projection, the second circuit is only provided in the surrounding region.2. The photoelectric conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the photoelectric conversion region includes a plurality of pixels and a plurality of signal lines for outputting signals from the plurality of pixels claim 1 , andthe second circuit includes a scanning circuit for outputting signals from the plurality of signal lines to a common signal line.3. The photoelectric conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe second circuit includes a counter circuit of an analog-digital converter that converts an analog signal to a digital signal.4. The photoelectric conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein in the orthogonal projection claim 1 ...

Wireless Battery-Powered Daylight Sensor

A wireless battery-powered daylight sensor for measuring a total light intensity in a space is operable to transmit wireless signals using a variable transmission rate that is dependent upon the total light intensity in the space. The sensor comprises a photosensitive circuit, a wireless transmitter for transmitting the wireless signals, a controller coupled to the photosensitive circuit and the wireless transmitter, and a battery for powering the photosensitive circuit, the wireless transmitter, and the controller. The photosensitive circuit is operable to generate a light intensity control signal in response to the total light intensity in the space. The controller transmits the wireless signals in response to the light intensity control signal using the variable transmission rate that is dependent upon the total light intensity in the space. The variable transmission rate may be dependent upon an amount of change of the total light intensity in the space. In addition, the variable transmission rate may be further dependent upon a rate of change of the total light intensity in the space. 1. A wireless battery-powered daylight sensor for measuring a total light intensity in a space , the sensor comprising:a photosensitive circuit operable to generate a light intensity control signal in response to the total light intensity in the space;a wireless transmitter for transmitting wireless signals;a controller coupled to the photosensitive circuit and the wireless transmitter, the controller operable to transmit wireless signals in response to the light intensity control signal; anda battery for powering the photosensitive circuit, the wireless transmitter, and the controller;wherein the controller is operable to transmit wireless signals using a variable transmission rate that is dependent upon an amount of change of the total light intensity in the space and dependent upon a rate of change of the total light intensity in the space, such that the controller does not ...

OPTO-ISOLATION CIRCUIT

An opto-isolation circuit () is provided, including an optocoupler () configured to optically transfer a raw output signal, a conversion circuit () coupled to an optocoupler output and configured to convert the raw output signal into a predetermined converted signal, and a control circuit () coupled to the optocoupler output. The control circuit () is configured to generate an autonomous control signal from the raw output signal after the raw output signal passes through the optocoupler (), wherein the autonomous control signal is generated only if the raw output signal exceeds a predetermined conversion threshold, and control the conversion circuit () and convert the raw output signal into the predetermined converted signal if the autonomous control signal is generated by the control circuit () and output the raw output signal to an output port if the autonomous control signal is not generated by the control circuit (). 1300. An opto-isolation circuit () , comprising:{'b': '303', 'an optocoupler () configured to optically transfer a raw output signal;'}{'b': '317', 'a conversion circuit () coupled to an optocoupler output and configured to convert the raw output signal into a predetermined converted signal; and'}{'b': '306', 'claim-text': [{'b': '303', 'generate an autonomous control signal from the raw output signal after the raw output signal passes through the optocoupler (), wherein the autonomous control signal is generated only if the raw output signal exceeds a predetermined conversion threshold; and'}, {'b': 317', '306', '306, 'control the conversion circuit () and convert the raw output signal into the predetermined converted signal if the autonomous control signal is generated by the control circuit () and output the raw output signal to an output port if the autonomous control signal is not generated by the control circuit ().'}], 'a control circuit () coupled to the optocoupler output and configured to2300. The opto-isolation circuit () of claim 1 , ...

Time-delay integration imaging method and apparatus using a high-speed in-pixel analog photon counter

A high speed analog photon counter and method is provided. In one aspect, the method includes accumulating an electric charge in a capacitor of a circuit electrically coupled to a current source. The method further includes comparing the electric charge accumulated in the capacitor of the circuit with a reference voltage through a comparator of the circuit electrically coupled to an output of the capacitor. The method also includes increasing a speed of operation of a measurement device through implementing the circuit inside a pixel. The method further includes transferring the accumulated electric charge to a circuit of an adjacent pixel and synchronizing the transfer of the accumulated electric with a movement of an object captured by an image sensor device before implementing a time-delay integration operation.

DIGITAL PHOTOMULTIPLIER DETECTOR CELL

According to example embodiments, a photomultiplier detector cell for tomography includes a detector unit and a readOUT unit. The detector unit is configured to generate a digitized detect signal in response to receives light having a certain range of wavelength. The readOUT unit is configured to generate an output signal corresponding to the detect signal generated by the detector unit and to transmit the output signal to an external circuit. The readOUT unit is configured to transmit the output signal to the external circuit right after the detect signal is received. 1. A photomultiplier detector cell for tomography , comprising:a detector unit that is configured to generate a digitized detect signal in response to receiving light having a certain range of wavelength; and the readOUT unit being configured to generate an output signal corresponding to the detect signal generated by the detector unit and to transmit the output signal to an external circuit, and', 'the readOUT unit being configured to transmits the output signal to the external circuit right after receiving the detect signal., 'a readOUT unit,'}2. The photomultiplier detector cell of claim 1 , wherein the readOUT unit is not configured to store the detect signal in the photomultiplier detector cell.3. The photomultiplier detector cell of claim 1 , whereinthe detector unit includes a photomultiplier, andthe photomultiplier includes a silicon device.4. The photomultiplier detector cell of claim 1 , wherein the detector unit includes:a photo diode that is configured to generate a current to flow in response to the light having the certain range of wavelength; andan active reset unit that is connected to a cathode of the photo diode, whereinthe active reset unit being configured to increase a voltage difference between the cathode and an anode of the photo diode.5. The photomultiplier detector cell of claim 4 , whereinthe detector unit further includes a passive quenching unit that is connected to the ...

PHOTODETECTOR CIRCUIT

Light from a photodiode is detected using a phototransistor. At the time of startup, set data concerning a detected current is received at a communication interface, and the received set data is compared with the detected current. A control unit adjusts a current of the phototransistor so that the detected current matches the set data. 1. A photodetector circuit for detecting light from a photodiode using a phototransistor , comprising:a communication circuit that receives, at a time of startup, set data concerning a detected current; anda control unit that compares the set data received by the communication circuit with the detected current, and adjusts a current of the phototransistor so that the detected current matches the set data,wherein the control unit performs control at the time of startup so that the current that flows through the phototransistor matches the set data.2. The photodetector circuit according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when the set data and the detected current differ from each other claim 1 , the control unit repeatedly changes the current that flows through the phototransistor by a preset step value claim 1 , and thereby adjusts the current of the phototransistor so that the detected current matches the set data.3. The photodetector circuit according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when the set data and the detected current differ from each other claim 1 , the control unit changes the current that flows through the phototransistor based on a difference between the set data and the detected current claim 1 , and thereby adjusts the current of the phototransistor so that the detected current matches the set data. The present invention relates to a photodetector circuit for detecting light from a photodiode using a phototransistor.Conventionally, various cameras are provided with a vibration compensation function. The vibration compensation is achieved by moving the lens in accordance with camera movement to thereby obtain an image in which ...

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION DEVICE

A photoelectric conversion device is provided that has high linearity of output current to illuminance and is applicable to illumination sensors. The photoelectric conversion device outputs appropriate current by complementing first current, which is generated in response to incident light, with complementary current. The complementary current is generated based on second current flowing in response to the light. The second current is generated by a device having the same element area as that of a device that generates the first current. When the second current flows, the complementary current is generated based on a direction of the second current and is then added to the first current. 1. A photoelectric conversion device comprising:a first photoelectric conversion block that generates a first carrier in response to light emitted thereon;a first wire that is coupled with the first photoelectric conversion block and through which first current generated with the first carrier flows;a complementary current supply block that generates complementary current to complement the first current; andan output node that outputs current obtained by combining the first current and the complementary current, a second photoelectric conversion block that has the same element area as that of the first photoelectric conversion block and generates a second carrier in response to the light emitted thereon;', 'a second wire that is coupled with the second photoelectric conversion block and through which second current generated with the second carrier flows; and', 'a complementary current generation circuit that is coupled with the second wire and generates the complementary current based on the second current,, 'wherein the complementary current supply block includeswherein the first wire is coupled with the output node and the first photoelectric conversion block,wherein the second wire is coupled with the complementary current generation circuit and the second photoelectric ...

OPTICAL SENSOR AND OUTPUT CIRCUIT THEREOF

An optical sensor is provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The optical sensor includes a first photodiode, a second photodiode having characteristics different from characteristics of the first photodiode, filters configured to block or transmit a specific wavelength range of the light, and an output circuit configured to correct a sensitivity deviation, which may be caused when one of the filters is used for the first photodiode, based on a sensitivity deviation, which may be caused when the other filter of the same kind as the one filter is used for the second photodiode, and output only the specific wavelength range of the light. 1. An optical sensor comprising:a first photodiode;a second photodiode having characteristics different from characteristics of the first photodiode;filters configured to block or transmit a specific wavelength range of light; andan output circuit configured to correct a first sensitivity deviation, which may be caused when a first filter of the filters is used for the first photodiode, based on a second sensitivity deviation, which may be caused when a second filter of the filters, the second filter being the same kind as the first filter, is used for the second photodiode, and output the specific wavelength range of the light.2. An optical sensor comprising:a first photodiode;a second photodiode having characteristics different from characteristics of the first photodiode;first and second cut filters configured to block a specific wavelength range of the light;a third photodiode configured to include the same configuration as the first photodiode, the third photodiode further configured to include the first cut filter formed on a light receiving surface of the third photodiode;a fourth photodiode configured to include the same configuration as the second photodiode, the fourth photodiode further configured to include the second cut filter formed on a light receiving surface of the fourth photodiode; andan ...

Multiple Optical-Axis Photoelectric Sensor

A demand for downsizing of a multiple optical-axis photoelectric sensor can be coped with, and various state displays are performed. 1. A multiple optical-axis photoelectric sensor , which is provided with a longitudinally extending detection surface of an elongated case and arrayed with a plurality of optical axes at regular intervals in agreement with the longitudinally extending detection surface , the sensor comprising:an inter-optical-axis indication unit provided between two adjacent optical axes; anda display controlling unit configured to cause the inter-optical-axis indication unit to display at least one piece of information out of a control input state, a safe special function state, a synchronization type, and an interlock state.2. The multiple optical-axis photoelectric sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the inter-optical-axis indication unit further displays an error type.3. The multiple optical-axis photoelectric sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the inter-optical-axis indication unit includesindicators capable of performing switch-displays of at least two pieces of information out of a control input state, a safe special function state, a synchronization type, and an error type,a safe output indicator lamp configured to display a safe output state of the multiple optical-axis photoelectric sensor, andan interlock indicator lamp configured to display the interlock state.4. The multiple optical-axis photoelectric sensor according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of light entrance/light interception indicators claim 1 , which are arrayed along a row of the optical axes of the multiple optical-axis photoelectric sensor and which display states of light entrance/light interception of the optical axis.5. The multiple optical-axis photoelectric sensor according to claim 4 , whereina row of the plurality of light entrance/light interception indicators is arranged on the row of the optical axes, andeach of the light entrance/light ...

UNIT CELLS WITH AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE DETECTORS

Various techniques are disclosed for providing reference signals to image detectors in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention. For example, in one or more embodiments, switched capacitors may be used to provide bias voltages to individual unit cells of a focal plane array such that the bias voltages are held by the unit cells over one or more integration periods while the unit cells are decoupled from an input line. As a result, the bias voltages may be free from noise incident on the input line and thus may more accurately bias the individual unit cells. 1. A unit cell of a focal plane array , the unit cell comprising:a detector comprising an avalanche photodiode adapted to provide a detector signal in response to infrared light received by the detector;a first capacitor adapted to store a bias voltage while additional bias voltages are loaded into other unit cells of the focal plane array;a first switch adapted to connect the first capacitor to an input line to provide the bias voltage from the input line to the first capacitor and disconnect the first capacitor from the input line after the bias voltage is provided;a second capacitor adapted to store the bias voltage during at least one integration period of the focal plane array;a second switch adapted to provide the bias voltage from the first capacitor to the second capacitor prior to the at least one integration period; andan output node adapted to store an output voltage that changes in response to the detector signal and the bias voltage stored by the second capacitor.2. The unit cell of claim 1 , wherein the second switch is adapted to operate substantially simultaneously with other second switches of the other unit cells which provide bias voltages from first capacitors of the other unit cells to second capacitors of the other unit cells.3. The unit cell of claim 1 , wherein the second capacitor is adapted to store the bias voltage during a plurality of integration periods of the focal ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR A FEEDBACK TRANSIMPEDANCE AMPLIFIER WITH SUB-40KHZ LOW-FREQUENCY CUTOFF

A system for a feedback transimpedance amplifier with sub-40 khz low-frequency cutoff is disclosed and may include amplifying electrical signals received via coupling capacitors utilizing a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) having feedback paths comprising source followers and feedback resistors. Gate terminals of the source followers mey be coupled to output terminals of the TIA. The feedback paths may be coupled prior to the coupling capacitors at inputs of the TIA. Voltages may be level shifted prior to the coupling capacitors to ensure stable bias conditions for the TIA. The TIA may be integrated in a CMOS photonics chip and the source followers may comprise CMOS transistors. The TIA may receive current-mode logic or voltage signals. The electrical signals may be received from a photodetector, which may comprise a silicon germanium photodiode differentially coupled to the TIA. Optical signals for the photodetector in the CMOS photonics chip may be received via optical fibers. 122-. (canceled)23. A system for processing electrical signals , the system comprising:a transimpedance amplifier circuit having coupling capacitors, a transimpedance amplifier, and feedback paths comprising source followers and feedback resistors, said feedback paths being coupled prior to said coupling capacitors at inputs of said transimpedance amplifier, said transimpedance amplifier amplifying electrical signals received via said coupling capacitors, and gate terminals of said source followers being coupled to output terminals of said transimpedance amplifier.24. The system according to claim 23 , wherein said source followers are operable to level shift voltages prior to said coupling capacitors to ensure stable bias conditions for said transimpedance amplifier circuit.25. The system according to claim 23 , wherein said transimpedance amplifier circuit is integrated in a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chip.26. The system according to claim 25 , wherein said CMOS chip ...

DISCRIMINATING PHOTO COUNTS AND DARK COUNTS IN AN AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE OUTPUT

The output of an avalanche photodiode (APD) comprises a “photocurrent” component comprising photon initiated events resulting from the interaction of photons with the APD and a “dark current” component comprising dark carrier events arising in the APD even when the APD is not exposed to light. Differences in the pulse height distributions of photon initiated events and dark carrier initiated events are used to statistically discriminate between photocurrent and dark current components of APD output. 1. A method of distinguishing a photon induced pulse emitted by a photodiode from a dark pulse emitted by said photodiode absent photon interaction , plural photon induced pulses emitted by said photodiode having a first pulse height distribution and plural dark pulses having a second pulse height distribution , said method comprising the step of designating a pulse having a measured parameter greater than a threshold measurement of said parameter as a photon induced pulse , said threshold selected to maximize a difference between said first pulse height distribution and said second pulse height distribution.2. The method of distinguishing a photon induced pulse of wherein said measured parameter is a voltage.3. The method of distinguishing a photon induced pulse of further comprising the step of changing said threshold in response to a change in a bias applied to said photodiode.4. The method of distinguishing a photon induced pulse of further comprising the step of changing said threshold in response to a change of a temperature of said photodiode.5. The method of distinguishing a photon induced pulse of wherein the step of designating a pulse having a measured parameter greater than a threshold measurement of said parameter as a photon induced pulse comprises the steps of:(a) measuring said parameter for each of a plurality of pulses; and(b) designating said plurality of pulses as photon induced if a central tendency of said measurements of said parameter for said ...

Light Therapy Monitoring

A light-monitoring apparatus includes a power source, a light detector, a computer processor coupled with the power source and in communication with the light detector and configured to receive and record light exposure detected by the light detector, an output device coupled with the computer processor, and a computer-readable medium coupled with the computer processor and storing instruction code for summing the recorded light exposure from the computer processor over time and communicating a signal to the output device to generate and communicate a signal indicating that a cumulative threshold light exposure for achieving a health benefit has been reached. The apparatus can accordingly be used by an individual to monitor cumulative light exposure from both natural and artificial sources, e.g., in the treatment of seasonal or non-seasonal depression. 1. A method for monitoring light exposure , comprising:wearing an integrative light monitor including a light detector;receiving and recording light exposure received from a first light source with the integrative light monitor;receiving and recording light exposure received from a second light source with the integrative light monitor;integrating the recorded light exposure from the first light source and from the second light source to produce a cumulative luminous exposure value;comparing the cumulative luminous exposure value with an established luminous- exposure target for achieving a health benefit; andproviding an indication of the cumulative luminous exposure value in comparison with the established luminous-exposure target.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the integrative light monitor is worn on the wearer's clothing claim 1 , eyeglasses claim 1 , or body and is frontward facing.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transmitting the luminous exposure value from the integrative light monitor to an external processor.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the luminous-exposure target is in the range of ...

PHOTODETECTOR

Provided is a photodetector including a light receiving portion that accumulates and outputs the amount of received observation light as electric charges; an offset portion that adds an offset signal to an output signal from the light receiving portion; an AD conversion portion that AD-converts the sum of the output signal and the offset signal obtained by the offset portion; a control unit that controls the AD conversion portion such that it A-D converts said sum when the light receiving portion is charged and discharged; and an offset correcting portion that corrects the offset signal by adjusting the value of the offset signal contained in the black level value such that the black level value obtained by the AD conversion portion from said sum when the capacitor is discharged becomes equal to a predetermined target value. 1. A photodetector provided in a laser scanning microscope that scans a laser beam across a specimen to detect observation light generated in the specimen and that obtains an image of the specimen in which the intensity of the observation light is associated with the scanning position of the laser beam , the photodetector comprising:a light receiving portion including a photoelectric conversion element that receives the observation light and outputs signal charges in an amount corresponding to the amount of received observation light, an integrator circuit that accumulates the signal charges output from the photoelectric conversion element in a capacitor to integrate the signal charges, and a switching portion that switches between charging and discharging of the capacitor with the signal charges;an offset portion that adds an offset signal to an output signal from the light receiving portion;an AD conversion portion that converts the sum of the output signal and the offset signal obtained by the offset portion into a digital value;a control unit that controls the operation timing of the AD conversion portion to make the AD conversion portion ...

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION APPARATUS

A photoelectric conversion apparatus has: a plurality of pixels having mutually different color filters, and generating pixel signals by a photoelectric conversion; a color selecting switch for selecting the pixel signals generated by the plurality of pixels having mutually different color filters; a first amplifier circuit for amplifying at mutually different gains the pixel signals generated by the pixels having mutually different color filters and selected by the color selecting switch; a reference voltage connecting switch for selecting a reference voltage; and a second amplifier circuit for amplifying at mutually different gains the reference voltages correspondingly to the pixel signals of mutually different colors. 1. A photoelectric conversion apparatus comprising:a plurality of pixels having mutually different color filters, and generating pixel signals by a photoelectric conversion;a color selecting switch configured to select the pixel signals generated by the plurality of pixels having mutually different color filters;a first amplifier circuit configured to amplify at mutually different gains the pixel signals generated by the pixels having mutually different color filters and selected by the color selecting switch;a reference voltage connecting switch configured to select a reference voltage; anda second amplifier circuit configured to amplify at mutually different gains the reference voltages correspondingly to the pixel signals of mutually different colors.2. The photoelectric conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe second amplifier circuit amplifies the reference voltages, at the same gains of the first amplifier circuit in amplifying the pixel signals of corresponding colors.3. The photoelectric conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprisinga difference detector configured to perform a difference processing between the pixel signal amplified by the first amplifier circuit and the reference signal amplified by the ...

SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTOMULTIPLIER AND READOUT METHOD

A silicon photomultiplier device is provided. The device comprises a plurality of photosensitive cells each having a photo-detector, a quench resistive load and a first stage capacitive load. The device is arranged in a three electrode connection configuration comprising first and second electrodes arranged to operably provide a biasing of the device and a third electrode operably used to readout a signal from the device. A second stage capacitive load is operably coupled to two or more photosensitive cells 1. A semiconductor photomultiplier device comprising:a plurality of photosensitive cells each having a photo-detector, a quench resistive load and a first stage capacitive load, the device being arranged in a three electrode connection configuration comprising first and second electrodes arranged to operably provide a biasing of the device and a third electrode operably used to readout a signal from the device, anda second stage capacitive load operably coupled to two or more photosensitive cells and the third electrode.2. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second stage capacitive loads define a ratio in the range of 1 to 20.3. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second stage capacitive loads define a ratio in the range of 5 to 15.4. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second stage capacitive loads define a ratio substantially equal to 10.5. A device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a coupling node common to the first stage capacitive load of two or more photosensitive cells.6. A device as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the third electrode is operably coupled to the coupling node via the second stage capacitive load.7. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein two or more photosensitive cells are operably coupled together.8. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a plurality of microcells are provided on the device.9. A device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein two or more of the first stage ...

OPTICAL RECEIVING CIRCUIT, DRIVING DEVICE FOR VIBRATION-TYPE ACTUATOR, AND SYSTEM

An optical receiving circuit of an embodiment of the present invention includes a photo detector configured to receive an optical pulse signal and a load connected to the photo detector. A circuit comprises the photo detector and a resistance component of the load. This circuit is configured to output a non-pulse signal. 1. An optical receiving circuit comprising:a photo detector configured to receive an optical pulse signal; anda load connected to the photo detector,wherein a circuit comprising the photo detector and a resistance component of the load outputs a non-pulse signal.2. The optical receiving circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the circuit comprising the photo detector and the resistance component of the load functions as a low-pass filter.3. The optical receiving circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the circuit comprising the photo detector and the resistance component is configured to output claim 1 , as the non-pulse signal claim 1 , an electrical signal corresponding to at least a fundamental wave component of a modulation signal in the optical pulse signal.4. The optical receiving circuit according to claim 1 , wherein a value of resistance of the load is a value of resistance at which the circuit comprising the photo detector and the resistance component is capable of outputting the non-pulse signal.5. The optical receiving circuit according to claim 1 , wherein the load is a resistance element.6. An optical receiving module comprising a plurality of the optical receiving circuits according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of the plurality of optical receiving circuits are packaged.7. A driving device for driving a vibration-type actuator disposed inside a magnetically shielded room claim 1 , the driving device comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the optical receiving circuit configured to receive a driving waveform for driving the vibration-type actuator as the optical pulse signal according to ; and'}a linear ...

Single Photon-Counting Imaging System and Method Thereof

The invention relates to a single-photon counting imaging system and a single-photon counting imaging method. The system comprises a optical filter, a first lens, a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) control system, a second lens, a single-photon counter and a data processing unit, where the DMD together with the first lens and the second lens are used for converting two-dimensional image data into a one-dimensional sequence to complete sampling of measured signals; the ultra-weak light is filtered by the optical filter, after which the ultra-weak light image onto the DMD through the first lens, and the DMD control system controls the probability of the photons reflected to the second lens and the second lens controls the focusing of the photons; and the data processing unit together with the single-photon counter to complete sparse reconstruction, and the data processing unit converts the number of photons counted by the single-photon counter within a certain period of time into the probability of detected photon counts, as the measured value, and a photon density image is reconstructed by adopting an optimization algorithm based on the measurement matrix on the DMD and the measured value, thereby solving out the two-dimensional image. 1. A single-photon counting imaging system , for realizing two-dimensional imaging of an ultra-weak light object at single-photon level by adopting the CS theory and the DLP technology , comprising: a light filter , a first lens , a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) control system , a second lens , a single-photon counter and a data processing unit , whereinthe combination of the DMD, the first lens and the second lens is used for converting two-dimensional image data into a one-dimensional data sequence so as to complete compressive sampling of signals to be measured, i.e., firstly the stray light in an ultra-weak light is filtered by the light filter, after which the ultra-weak light is imaged at the DMD control system through the ...

PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AMPLIFICATION OF RECEIVED LIGHT INTENSITY IN PHOTOELECTRIC SENSOR

A photoelectric sensor amplifies a received light intensity signal generated through light projection processing and light receiving processing, and performs detection processing using the amplified received light intensity signal. The photoelectric sensor is provided with a variable resistor that generates an adjustment command signal that changes linearly with respect to sensitivity adjustment manipulations performed by a user. Further, the sensor is provided with an amplifier including a variable gain amplifier configured such that the aforementioned adjustment command signal is inputted thereto. Further, the variable gain amplifier is adapted to convert the signal into a gain control signal that changes exponentially with respect to sensitivity adjustment manipulations and, further, is adapted to perform amplification processing using a gain according to the gain control signal. 1. A photoelectric sensor comprising:an amplifier that amplifies a received light intensity signal generated through light projection processing and light receiving processing; anda detector that performs detection processing using the amplified received light intensity signal, a gain controller that receives an adjustment command signal that changes linearly with respect to a sensitivity adjustment manipulation performed by a user, and converts the adjustment command signal into a gain control signal that changes exponentially with respect to the sensitivity adjustment manipulation; and', 'a variable amplifier that performs amplification processing using a gain according to the gain control signal., 'wherein the amplifier includes2. The photoelectric sensor according to claim 1 , further comprising:a variable resistor having a pair of fixed terminals and a movable terminal configured to move between the fixed terminals, according to the sensitivity adjustment manipulation,wherein a reference voltage is applied between the fixed terminals of the variable resistor, and a signal formed ...

PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERSION APPARATUS

A photoelectric conversion apparatus includes a sensor cell unit including: a photoelectric conversion unit and a sensor cell unit writing switch connected to the photoelectric conversion unit; a memory cell unit including a memory capacitance and a memory cell unit writing switch connected to the memory capacitance; and a common signal line connected to the sensor cell unit and the memory cell unit, and the memory cell unit holds a signal including voltage fluctuation of the photoelectric conversion unit due to an OFF operation of the sensor cell unit writing switch, a fixed pattern noise of the sensor cell unit, and a fixed pattern noise of the memory cell unit to the memory capacitance before holding a signal of the photoelectric conversion unit to the memory capacitance. 1. A photoelectric conversion apparatus comprising:a sensor cell unit including a photoelectric conversion unit and a sensor cell unit writing switch connected to the photoelectric conversion unit;a memory cell unit including a memory capacitance and a memory cell unit writing switch connected to the memory capacitance; anda common signal line connected to the sensor cell unit and the memory cell unit,wherein the memory cell unit holds a signal including voltage fluctuation of the photoelectric conversion unit due to an OFF operation of the sensor cell unit writing switch, a fixed pattern noise of the sensor cell unit, and a fixed pattern noise of the memory cell unit, to the memory capacitance before holding a signal of the photoelectric conversion unit to the memory capacitance.2. The photoelectric conversion apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor cell unit outputs a signal including a photoelectric conversion signal of the photoelectric conversion unit and voltage fluctuation of the photoelectric conversion unit due to an OFF operation of the sensor cell unit writing switch to the common signal line claim 1 , andthe memory cell unit outputs a signal held in the memory capacitance ...

High-Repetition-Rate Single-Photon Receiver and Method Therefor

A single-photon receiver and method for detecting a single-photon are presented. The receiver comprises a SPAD that receives a gating signal having a fundamental frequency in the 100 MHz to multiple GHz range. The receiver further comprises a two-stage frequency filter for filtering the output of the SPAD, wherein the filter has: (1) a notch filter response at the fundamental frequency; and (2) a low-pass filter response whose cutoff frequency is less than the first harmonic of the fundamental frequency. As a result, the frequency filter removes substantially all the frequency components in the SPAD output without significant degradation of the signal quality but with reduced complexity, cost, and footprint requirement relative to receivers in the prior art. 1. An apparatus comprising:a voltage source operative to bias a single-photon avalanche diode with a gating signal that is characterized by a fundamental frequency; anda first filter that is dimensioned and arranged to provide an output signal based on an input signal from the avalanche photodiode, the first filter having a filter response characterized by (1) a low-pass filter response having a rejection frequency that is less than twice the fundamental frequency and (2) a notch filter response centered at a center frequency, wherein the notch filter response attenuates a first frequency range that includes the fundamental frequency.2. The apparatus of further comprising the single-photon avalanche diode.3. The apparatus of wherein the fundamental frequency is controllable and the center frequency is controllable.4. The apparatus of wherein the rejection frequency is controllable.5. The apparatus of wherein each of the fundamental frequency and the center frequency is controllable over a frequency range that is equal to or greater than one octave.6. The apparatus of wherein the gating signal is a sinusoidal signal.7. The apparatus of wherein the rejection frequency is greater than or equal to approximately 1.9 ...

Implement Multiple Pixel Output for Photodiode Size Pixels

An image sensor pixel the conformist single pixel of a larger array. The image sensor pixel can be a large one, such as larger than 100 μm. The image sensor pixel has readout notes on multiple sides thereof, e.g. on to work for sides, that are symmetrically located on the pixel. The readout notes are simultaneously read out to read out a part of the image from the pixel. 1. An image sensor pixel , comprising:a photosensor pixel part, having at least one extent which is 100 μm or larger;a first readout part on a first side of said extent, anda second readout part on a second side of said extent,where photogenerated charge generated within the photosensor pixel part is read out simultaneously by both said first readout part and said second readout part.2. The pixel as in claim 1 , wherein each of said first readout part and said second readout part include a source follower and a sensing node.3. The pixel as in claim 1 , further comprising a third readout part on a third side of said extent and a fourth readout part of a fourth side of said extent.4. The pixel as in claim 1 , wherein said photosensor pixel part is a CMOS image sensor.5. The pixel as in claim 1 , wherein said readout parts are evenly spaced around edges of said photosensor pixel.6. The pixel as in claim 1 , wherein said readout parts are symmetrically spaced around edges of the photosensor pixel.7. A method of reading pixels of an image sensor claim 1 , comprising:arranging at least first and second readout parts on opposite sides of the image sensor pixel, and reading out said first and second readout parts at the same time to receive photogenerated charge from both said first and second readout parts representing the same part of an image; andusing a combination of said photogenerated charge from both said first and second readouts to represent said part of the image.8. The method as in claim 7 , wherein said part of said image is a single pixel of a multi-pixel image.9. The method as in claim 7 , ...

Ambient Light Sensing Device and Method

The invention provides an ambient light sensing device and an ambient light sensing method. The ambient light sensing device includes at least one pixel, a read out circuit, and a combination unit. The invention detects ambient light to obtain plural lower resolution exposure values corresponding to different dynamic ranges respectively, and combines the plural lower resolution exposure values to generate a higher resolution code combination, indicating the result of ambient light detection. 1. An ambient light sensing device , comprising:at least one pixel, receiving a plurality of exposures having different exposure time durations to sense different dynamic ranges;a read out circuit, reading the exposures and generating corresponding digital codes; anda combination unit, combining the digital codes to generate a code combination indicating the result of ambient light detection, wherein the code combination has a higher resolution than each of the digital codes.2. The ambient light sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of exposures include an exposure of a first dynamic range (Rx) and an exposure of a second dynamic range (Ry) claim 1 , wherein Rx is larger than Ry claim 1 , and a part of the exposure in a difference range (Rx−Ry) in the first dynamic range has a higher resolution than the rest part of the exposure of the first dynamic range.3. The ambient light sensing device of claim 2 , wherein the code combination includes a digital code corresponding to the part of the exposure in the difference range.4. The ambient light sensing device of claim 3 , wherein the digital code corresponding to the part of the exposure in the difference range is multiplied by a weighting.5. The ambient light sensing device of claim 1 , wherein the plural exposures are performed by a sampling frame rate of 600 Hz or a multiple of 600 Hz.6. The ambient light sensing device of claim 1 , further including a shaded pixel claim 1 , wherein an exposure received by the at ...

SENSOR ARRAY

An arrangement for monitoring a submarine reservoir comprises a number of sensor units located in an array () on the seabed, and an interrogator unit for obtaining data on the reservoir from the sensor units. The interrogator unit comprises a transmitter unit () for sending optical signals to the sensor array and a receiver unit for receiving modulated optical signals from the array. Optical radiation from an optical source () is transmitted along an uplink optical fibre which is split in a number of positions to form the array. The receiver unit comprises optical-to-electrical converters () for converting the optical signals to electrical signals, a phase demodulator (), a multiplexer () for multiplexing signals from the phase demodulator, a signal processor () and recording unit (). The interrogator unit is divided into a concentrator that includes one or more of the splitters and optical-to-electrical converter, phase demodulator etc, and an interrogator hub that includes the optical source. 1. A sensor arrangement for monitoring a submarine reservoir , comprising:a sensor array comprising a plurality of sensor units located or to be located over an area of the seabed in the region of the reservoir to be monitored; andan interrogator for obtaining data on the reservoir from the sensor units, which comprises:a transmitter unit for sending optical signals to the sensor array, the transmitter unit comprising an optical switch for receiving optical radiation from an optical source and transmitting optical signals generated thereby along an uplink optical fibre, and at least one splitter for splitting the uplink optical fibre into a plurality of optical fibres that extend to the sensors over the area to be monitored; anda receiver unit for receiving modulated optical signals from the array in response to the transmitted optical signals,the receiver unit comprising an optical-to-electrical converter for converting optical signals from each fibre of the array to ...

SEMICONDUCTOR INTEGRATED CIRCUIT AND IMAGE SENSOR

According to one embodiment, a semiconductor integrated circuit includes: a CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) circuit; and an adjustment voltage generator. The CDS circuit has a first capacitor and a second capacitor. The first capacitor has a first electrode and a second electrode. The second capacitor has a third electrode and a fourth electrode. The CDS circuit is configured to hold a voltage corresponding to light intensity as a signal voltage. The adjustment voltage generator is configured to supply an adjustment voltage to the CDS circuit. A first signal voltage is supplied to the first electrode, and a second signal voltage is supplied to the third electrode. The second electrode and the fourth electrode are commonly connected and supplied with the adjustment voltage from the adjustment voltage generator. 1. A semiconductor integrated circuit comprising:a CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) circuit comprising a first capacitor and a second capacitor, the first capacitor comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, the second capacitor comprising a third electrode and a fourth electrode, the CDS circuit being configured to hold a voltage corresponding to light intensity as a signal voltage; andan adjustment voltage generator configured to supply an adjustment voltage to the CDS circuit,whereina first signal voltage is supplied to the first electrode,a second signal voltage is supplied to the third electrode, andthe second electrode and the fourth electrode are commonly connected and supplied with the adjustment voltage from the adjustment voltage generator.2. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the first capacitor and the second capacitor are p-MOS (p-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) capacitors.3. The circuit of claim 1 , whereinthe first signal voltage is a reset signal which is generated by a pixel of an image sensor when light is not irradiated on the image sensor, andthe second signal voltage is a signal voltage which is generated by the pixel when light ...

OPTICAL SENSOR DEVICE

An optical sensor device includes a light emitter for emitting, to a living body, lights having two wavelengths and blinking at a predetermined frequency, and a light receiver for receiving the lights from the living body. The light receiver outputs first and second detection signals corresponding to the respective wavelengths. A filter circuit extracts, from the first and second detection signals, modulation signals that are obtained with amplitude modulation of signals of the predetermined frequency. The modulation signals are amplified by a post-amplifier and are taken into an arithmetic processing unit after being converted to digital signals by an AD converter. The arithmetic processing unit calculates DC components and AC components of the first and second detection signals by employing the modulation signals converted the digital signals. 1. An optical sensor device comprising:a light emitter configured to periodically emit light at a predetermined frequency toward a measurement target;a light receiver configured to detect at least one of reflected light and diffused light from the measurement target, and to output an electrical signal based on the detected light;a filter circuit configured to modulate the electrical signal at the predetermined frequency and to output a modulation signal;an amplifier configured to amplify the modulation signal;an AD converter configured to convert the modulation signal to a digital signal; andan arithmetic processing unit coupled to the AD converter and configured to calculate a DC component and an AC component of the electrical signal based on the digital signal.2. The optical sensor device according to claim 1 , wherein the filter circuit comprises a frequency band that corresponds to a portion of the electrical signal.3. The optical sensor device according to claim 1 , wherein the light emitter comprises:a first light emitting element configured to emit light in a first wavelength band at the predetermined frequency; anda ...

SENSING DEVICE AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

A sensing device includes a first electrode, a second electrode with a first opening portion, a light blocking layer with a second opening portion, an organic EL layer including a light emitting unit and being formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a light receiving unit. The light blocking layer is positioned in the first electrode or between the first electrode and the second electrode, and in plan view from the subject side, the light blocking layer overlaps the first opening portion and the second opening portion is positioned within the first opening portion, and the light receiving unit is positioned further from the subject side than the second electrode, and in plan view from the subject side, the light receiving unit is positioned within the second opening portion. 1. A sensing device comprising a first electrode , a second electrode in which a first opening portion is formed , a light blocking layer in which a second opening portion is formed , an organic EL layer that includes a light emitting unit and that is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode , and a light receiving unit , in which light from the light emitting unit is irradiated on a subject and reflected light from the subject is received by the light receiving unit , whereinthe light emitting unit is a part of the organic EL layer that is wedged between the first electrode and the second electrode,the first electrode and the organic EL layer transmit the irradiated light and the reflected light,the second electrode and the light blocking layer block the irradiated light and the reflected light,the light blocking layer is positioned in the first electrode or between the first electrode and the second electrode, and in plan view from the subject side, the light blocking layer overlaps the first opening portion and the second opening portion is positioned within the first opening portion, andthe light receiving unit is positioned further from the ...

Color capture system and device

Exemplary embodiments provide a simple, inexpensive, and easy-to-operate color capture device that can capture color information and transmit the captured color information to an interface device such as smartphone, where the captured color information is optionally processed and is then transmitted to a remote server for subsequent production of the customized cosmetic.

Imaging Device Comprising a Circuit for Analog-Digital Conversion by Means of the Injection of a Quantity of Charges that Varies as a Function of the Number of Previous Injections

In the field of imaging devices comprising a detector generating electric charges in response to incident photon radiation, and an analog-to-digital conversion circuit forming means for reading the quantity of electric charges generated, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit comprises: a comparator which can switch depending on the comparison between a potential on an integration node and a predetermined threshold potential, a counter incrementing with each switch of the comparator, a counter-charge injection circuit injecting a quantity Qc of counter-charges on the integration node with each switch of the comparator, and control means which determine the quantity Qc of counter-charges injected. The analog-to-digital conversion circuit is characterized in that the control means determine the quantity Qc of counter-charges injected as a function of a value of the counter. 1. An analog-to-digital conversion circuit for an imaging device comprising a detector generating electric charges in response to incident photon radiation , the electric charges leading to a variation of an integration potential on an integration node , the analog-to-digital conversion circuit comprising:a comparator which can switch depending on the comparison between the integration potential and a predetermined threshold potential,a counter connected to an output of the comparator and incrementing with each switch of the comparator,a counter-charge injection circuit injecting a quantity Qc of counter-charges at the integration node with each switch of the comparator, andmeans for controlling the counter-charge injection circuit which determine the quantity Qc of counter-charges injected,wherein the control means determine the quantity Qc of counter-charges injected as a function of a value of the counter.2. The circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the control means are configured to make the quantity Qc vary each time the value of the counter reaches one or more predetermined threshold ...

LIGHT RECEIVING CIRCUIT

A light receiving circuit includes first, second, and third resistors, a photodiode that is connected in series with the first resistor between first and second potential lines, and a first MOS transistor of a first conductivity type having a source connected to a second node, a drain connected to an output, and a gate connected to a first node that is between the first resistor and the photodiode. The light receiving circuit also includes a capacitor which is connected in parallel to the second resistor between the first potential line and the second node. The third resistor is connected between the output and the second potential line.

IMAGE SENSOR PIXELS WITH CONDUCTIVE BIAS GRIDS

An image sensor with an array of pixels is provided. In order to achieve high image quality, it may be desirable to improve well capacity of individual pixels within the array by forming deep photodiodes in a thick substrate. When forming the array of pixels, conductive contacts may be formed in a back surface of the substrate opposing ground contacts located on a front side of the substrate. A conductive grid layer may be formed over the conductive contacts. A color filter layer may be formed over the conductive grid layer that may include a barrier grid in which color filter material is deposited. The conductive grid layer and conductive contacts may be biased to a voltage to improve the strength of electric fields in the substrate. Conductive contacts will thereby improve charge collection and electrical isolation and prevent electrical crosstalk and blooming. 1. An electronic device having an array of image sensor pixels , comprising:photosensitive elements formed in a semiconductor substrate having first and second opposing surfaces;conductive contacts formed in the first surface of the semiconductor substrate;a conductive layer formed over the conductive contacts;a color filter array formed on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate;an array of microlenses formed over the color filter array; andground contacts formed on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate.2. The electronic device defined in claim 1 , further comprising:a bond pad formed at an edge of the array of image sensor pixels; anda wire bond coupled between the bond pad and external voltage supply circuitry, wherein the external voltage supply circuitry is configured to apply a voltage to the conductive layer.3. The electronic device defined in claim 1 , further comprising:a conductive via that is formed in the semiconductor substrate at an edge of the array of image sensor pixels and that is coupled between the conductive layer and external voltage supply circuitry, wherein the ...

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE GAIN AND ZERO OF A MULTI-PIXEL PHOTON COUNTER DEVICE, AND LIGHT-MEASURING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTING SAID METHOD

A method for controlling the gain and zero of a multiple pixel photon counter device, and light-measuring system implementing said method. 1. A method for controlling the gain of a multiple pixel photon counting device , comprising an array of avalanche photodiodes , the device being supplied with voltage and providing a signal when it detects photons , comprising the following steps of:acquiring the signals provided by the device for predefined periods, until a predefined total measurement time is reached,forming an amplitude histogram, including a set of peaks, from the signals thus acquired, and for which the amplitude is drawn in abscissa and a number of photoelectrons or thermal agitation electrons is drawn in ordinate,determining the respective positions of two consecutive peaks, measurable on the histogram,producing an error signal which is equal to the deviation between both consecutive peaks, andby means of the error signal, regulating the voltage which supplies the device, so as to keep the deviation equal to a predefined set point.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the predefined periods are equal to each other and chosen in an interval ranging from 50 ns to 500 ns.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the predefined total measurement time is chosen in an interval ranging from 0.5 s to 10 s.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the two consecutive peaks are the first and second peaks of the histogram.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the gain of a device consisting of a multi-pixel photon counter is controlled.6. A light-measuring system comprising:a photon counting device, comprising an array of avalanche photodiodes,a supply device for providing the voltage to the photon counting device,an amplification device for amplifying the signals provided by the photon counting device and providing amplified signals, anda processing device for acquiring the amplified signals and processing the same so as to count the photons, ...

OPTO-ELECTRONIC CONVERTER, IMAGE READING DEVICE, AND IMAGE FORMING APPARATUS

An opto-electronic converter includes a plurality of light-receiving elements configured to convert light of different colors into analog signals, each of the analog signals representing a pixel, an amplifier unit configured to amplify the analog signals, into which the light is converted by the light-receiving elements, in each pixel group, the pixel group including a plurality of the light-receiving elements, the plurality of light-receiving elements converting light of different colors, and a gain switch unit configured to switch, for each of the light-receiving elements included in the pixel group, a gain of the amplifier unit to a gain determined in advance depending on a color of the light converted by the light-receiving element. 1. An opto-electronic converter comprising:a plurality of light-receiving elements configured to convert light of different colors into analog signals, each of the analog signals representing a pixel;an amplifier unit configured to amplify the analog signals, into which the light is converted by the light-receiving elements, in each pixel group, the pixel group including a plurality of the light-receiving elements, the plurality of light-receiving elements converting light of different colors; anda gain switch unit configured to switch, for each of the light-receiving elements included in the pixel group, a gain of the amplifier unit to a gain determined in advance depending on a color of the light converted by the light receiving element.2. The opto-electronic converter according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of light-receiving elements are arranged in a single direction for each of the colors of the received light.3. The opto-electronic converter according to claim 1 , further comprising an A/D conversion unit configured to convert the analog signals amplified by the amplifier unit into digital signals claim 1 ,wherein the gain switch unit switches the gain of the amplifier for each of the light-receiving elements included in ...

Device for detecting electromagnetic radiation

An electromagnetic radiation detection circuit includes a photodetector transforming the received electromagnetic radiation into an electric current. A readout circuit is coupled to a first terminal of the photodetector and configured to transform a current signal into a voltage signal. A capacitor has a first terminal electrically coupled to the first terminal of the photodetector and a second terminal electrically coupled to the readout circuit. A resistor has a first terminal electrically coupled to the capacitor and to a first terminal of the photodetector. A bias circuit is electrically coupled to a second terminal of the resistor and configured to bias the photodetector during a first time period by means of the resistor.

METHOD AND GONIORADIOMETER FOR THE DIRECTION-DEPENDENT MEASUREMENT OF AT LEAST ONE LIGHTING OR RADIOMETRIC CHARACTERISTIC VARIABLE OF AN OPTICAL RADIATION SOURCE

The invention relates to a gonioradiometer for the direction-dependent measurement of at least one lighting or radiometric characteristic variable of an optical radiation source (), having: an apparatus for moving a radiation source () during a measurement operation about a first axis () and about a second axis () that is perpendicular to the first axis (); a measuring wall () exhibiting homogeneous reflection, on which the light from the radiation source () is reflected; and a locationally fixed and immovably arranged camera () having an optical unit () and a two-dimensional sensor chip (). The camera () is arranged such that it captures light reflected on the measuring wall (), wherein the reflected light is imaged by the optical unit () of the camera () onto the sensor chip () of the camera (), and wherein the sensor chip () records measurement values as the radiation source () is rotated during a measurement operation, which measurement values indicate the lighting or radiometric characteristic variable substantially on a spherical surface about the radiation centroid of the radiation source (). The invention furthermore relates to a method and a gonioradiometer for the direction-dependent measurement of at least one lighting or radiometric characteristic variable of an optical radiation source (), in which provision is made for at least two fixedly installed sensors () to be used which provide measurement values simultaneously during a measurement. 1. A gonioradiometer for the direction-dependent measurement of at least one lighting or radiometric characteristic variable of an optical radiation source , having:an apparatus for moving a radiation source during a measurement operation about a first axis and about a second axis that is perpendicular to the first axis,a measuring wall exhibiting homogeneous reflection, on which the light from the radiation source is reflected, anda locationally fixed and immovably arranged camera having an optical unit and a two- ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR FLASH DETECTION

A flash detection device comprises at least a first and a second sensor module, wherein each of the sensor modules comprises at least a photodiode for detecting an irradiance emitted by a source, and the first sensor module comprises at least an angular efficiency attenuator configured for attenuating the irradiance received by the photodiode according to a predetermined angular efficiency profile, wherein the at least first and second sensor modules are configured for collecting light from substantially the same field of view, and the angular efficiency attenuator of the first sensor module causes the first and second sensor modules to have complementary predetermined angular efficiency profiles, so that, for angles of view within a common field of view of the first and second sensor modules, a combination of irradiance measurements of the first and second sensor modules enables to derive an irradiance source angle of the source. 1. A flash detection device comprising at least a first and a second sensor module , wherein each of the sensor modules comprises at least a photodiode for detecting an irradiance emitted by a source , and the first sensor module comprises:at least an angular efficiency attenuator configured for attenuating the irradiance received by the photodiode according to a predetermined angular efficiency profile, the at least first and second sensor modules are configured for collecting light from substantially the same field of view, and', 'the angular efficiency attenuator of the first sensor module causes the first and second sensor modules to have complementary predetermined angular efficiency profiles, so that, for angles of view within a common field of view of the first and second sensor modules, a combination of irradiance measurements of the first and second sensor modules enables to derive an irradiance source angle of the source., 'wherein2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the second sensor module also comprises at least an ...

IMAGE SENSOR INCLUDING PHOTODIODE ARRAY

A sensor has plurality of pixels arranged in a plurality of rows and columns with row control circuitry for controlling which one of said rows is activated and column control circuitry for controlling which of said pixels in said activated row is to be activated. The column circuitry has memory configured to store information indication as to which of the pixels are defective, wherein each of the pixels has a photodiode and a plurality of transistors which control the activation of the photodiode. A first transistor is configured to be controlled by a column enable signal while a second transistor is configured to be controlled by a row select signal. 1. A sensor , comprising: a photodiode;', 'a first transistor coupled to the photodiode and configured to receive a column enable signal; and', 'a second transistor coupled to the photodiode and configured to receive a column disable signal., 'a plurality of pixels arranged in a plurality of rows and columns, each pixel including2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein each pixel includes a third transistor coupled in series with the first transistor and configured to receive a reset signal.3. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein each pixel includes a fourth transistor coupled in parallel with the second transistor and configured to receive a row disable signal.4. The sensor of claim 4 , wherein each pixel includes a buffer having:an input coupled to the photodiode; andan output.5. The sensor of claim 4 , wherein each buffer includes:a first inverter having an input corresponding to the input of the buffer; anda second inverter coupled in series with the first inverter and having an output corresponding to the output of the buffer.6. The sensor of claim 4 , comprising a plurality of pixel output circuits each coupled to the output of the buffer of two or more pixels.7. The sensor of claim 6 , wherein each pixel output circuit includes a multiplexer having:a plurality of inputs each coupled to the output of the buffer of a ...

OPTICAL FILTER, OPTICAL DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL FILTER

Provided is an optical filter including a first filter region including a first layer of a first refractive index and a plurality of first metal nanostructures in the first layer, and a second filter region including a second layer of a second refractive index and a plurality of second metal nanostructures in the second layer, wherein the first refractive index is different from the second refractive index. 1. An optical filter comprising:a first filter region comprising a first layer of a first refractive index and a plurality of first metal nanostructures in the first layer; anda second filter region comprising a second layer of a second refractive index and a plurality of second metal nanostructures in the second layer,wherein the first refractive index is different from the second refractive index.2. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein configuration materials added to an identical material are different or a concentration of a configuration material added to the identical material is changed so as to make the first and second refractive indexes different.3. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the first filter region and/or the second filter region have/has a plurality of metal nanostructures embedded in a dielectric material.4. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the first metal nanostructure and the second metal nanostructure are an identical material or have an identical shape.5. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the first metal nanostructure and the second metal nanostructure are different materials or have different shapes.6. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the first metal nanostructure is nanospheres claim 1 , nanorods claim 1 , nanoplates claim 1 , nanoplatelets claim 1 , nanoparticles claim 1 , nanotripods or nanotetrapods claim 1 , and the second metal nanostructure is nanospheres claim 1 , nanorods claim 1 , nanoplates claim 1 , nanoplatelets claim 1 , nanoparticles claim 1 , nanotripods or nanotetrapods.7. An optical filter ...

LOW OPEN AREA AND COUPON ENDPOINT DETECTION

The disclosure describes apparatus and method for detecting an endpoint in plasma-assisted wafer processing in a chamber. A fiber array comprising a plurality of fibers collects optical emission light from the chamber during the plasma-assisted wafer processing. The fiber array is split into two or more groups of fibers, each group carrying a portion of the light to a segment of a photodetector. Each segment of photodetector has a corresponding narrowband optical filter designed for a specific range of wavelengths. A computer processor analyzes detected signals from the plurality of segments of the photodetector, and determines, based on the analysis of the detected signals, an endpoint of the plasma-assisted wafer processing as indicated by the presence or the absence of the one or more chemical species in the chamber. The photodetector can be based on photomultiplier tube (PMT) array or based on photodiodes (e.g., avalanche photodiodes (APDs)). 1. An apparatus for detecting an endpoint in plasma-assisted wafer processing in a chamber , the apparatus comprising:a fiber array comprising a plurality of fibers collecting optical emission light from the chamber during the plasma-assisted wafer processing, wherein the plurality of fibers is split into two or more groups of fibers, each group of fibers carrying a portion of the optical emission light as a respective optical signal;a photodetector having a plurality of segments, each segment having a corresponding narrowband optical filter designed for a specific range of wavelengths, wherein one or more ranges of wavelengths are indicative of a presence or an absence of one or more chemical species associated with the plasma-assisted wafer-processing in the chamber, and wherein each group of fibers couples the respective optical signal with a corresponding segment of the photodetector; anda computer processor, that analyzes detected signals from the plurality of segments of the photodetector, and determines, based on the ...

DETERMINATION METHOD AND LIGHT DETECTION DEVICE

A determination method determines a difference voltage between a breakdown voltage and a bias voltage. A temperature compensation unit provides temperature compensation for the gain of the APD by controlling the bias voltage based on the difference voltage. The bias voltage is “V”, and the gain of the APD to which the bias voltage is applied is “M”. The slope and intercept of the regression line having “(1/M)×(dM/dV)” as an objective variable and “M” as an explanatory variable in data indicating the correlation between the bias voltage and the gain are obtained. “ΔV” calculated by substituting the slope into “a” in the Equation (1), substituting the intercept into “b” in the Equation (1), and substituting a gain to be set in an avalanche photodiode of a light detection device into “M” in the Equation (1) is determined as the difference voltage. 2. The determination method according to claim 1 ,{'sub': 'd', 'wherein a plurality of “ΔV” calculated by substituting, into “M” in the Equation (1), a plurality of different values as gains to be set in the avalanche photodiode are determined as the difference voltage corresponding to each of the plurality of values.'}4. The light detection device according to claim 3 , further comprising:a setting unit configured to set the temperature compensation unit according to the gain to be set in the avalanche photodiode; anda wiring unit electrically connecting the temperature compensation unit and the avalanche photodiode to each other,wherein the temperature compensation unit includes a plurality of temperature compensation diodes having mutually different breakdown voltages,the wiring unit is configured to apply a voltage corresponding to the breakdown voltage of each of the temperature compensation diodes to the avalanche photodiode as a bias voltage, and{'sub': 'd', 'the setting unit is configured to set a temperature compensation diode to be used for controlling the bias voltage among the plurality of temperature compensation ...

Light to Frequency Converter Optical Sensor with Electronic Bias and Adjustable Gain

An improved light to frequency converter optical sensor and method using electronic bias. Adjustable gain also may be provided. A summing circuit sums electrical current from a photo detector and electrical current from a bias current circuit and provides the summed current to an integrator. A threshold detector comparator circuit has an input coupled to the output of the integrator and an output providing a series of pulses. The series of pulses has a frequency based on the light received by the photo detector and the electrical current from the bias current circuit. 1. An optical sensor comprising:a photo detector;a bias current circuit;a summing circuit summing electrical current from the photo detector and electrical current from the bias current circuit;an integrator coupled to the output of the summing circuit;a threshold detector comparator circuit having an input coupled to the output of the integrator and an output providing a series of pulses;wherein the series of pulses has a frequency based on the light received by the photo detector and the electrical current from the bias current circuit.2. A method comprising:generating photo electrical current based on light received by a photo detector;generating bias electrical current;summing the bias electrical current and the photo electrical current to generate a summed electrical current, coupling the summed electrical current to an integrator;integrating the summed electrical current with the integrator;resetting the integrator when a voltage of the integrator reaches a threshold;wherein a series of pulses is generated at an output of the integrator, wherein the bias electrical current controls a minimum frequency of the series of electrical pulses. This application claims priority on U.S. Provisional App. Ser. No. 61852136, filed Mar. 15, 2013.The present invention relates to optical sensors, and more particularly to a light to frequency converter optical sensor-based systems and methods utilizing electronic ...

Optical detector and amplifier for rf-detection

An optical detector for detecting radio frequency (RF) signals, the optical detector comprising a light source and a photodetector, and an electrical circuit comprising a position dependent capacitor and a bias voltage source adapted for providing a bias voltage for biasing the position dependent capacitor, the position dependent capacitor comprising an electrode and a membrane being displaceable in reaction to RF signals incident on the membrane, the membrane being metallized, has a thickness of less than 1 μm and a quality factor, Q m , of at least 20,000, and the distance between the membrane and the electrode being less than 10 μm.

HANDHELD OPTICAL RADIATION METER AND CORRECTION METHOD THEREOF

The present invention discloses a handheld optical radiation meter and a correction method thereof. The handheld optical radiation meter has a photometric measurement module, a spectral measurement module and a screen. The spectral quantities of the spectral measurement module are employed to correct the spectral mismatch error of the photometric measurement module. With simple configuration, the present invention can realize high accuracy photometry and chromaticity measurement within a wide-span dynamic range, and has the characteristics of complete test functions, high measurement accuracy, convenient operation, low cost, etc. 1. A handheld optical radiation meter , comprising:{'b': 1', '2, 'a handheld host () and a sampling device ()'}{'b': 1', '3, 'said handheld host () being provided with a screen display (),'}{'b': 2', '21', '22, 'said sampling device () comprising a photometric measurement module () and a spectral measurement module () of which photo surfaces are in parallel;'}{'b': '21', 'said photometric measurement module () including a cosine corrector, a spectral response correction unit and a photoelectric sensor,'}{'b': '22', 'said spectral measurement module () including a dispersion unit and an array detector; and'}{'b': 21', '22, 'said photometric measurement module () and said spectral measurement module () receiving measured light.'}212. The handheld optical radiation meter according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , said handheld host () and said sampling device () are integrated and mutually connected.321. The handheld optical radiation meter according to claim 2 , characterized in that claim 2 , the photo surface of said sampling device () is designed to rotate and/or slide relative to the handheld host ().412. The handheld optical radiation meter according to claim 1 , characterized in that claim 1 , said handheld host () and at least one sampling device () are detached claim 1 , while are connected in a wired or wireless way to ...

METHOD FOR DETECTING VARIATION VALUE

Embodiments of the present disclosure provides a method for detecting variation value comprising selecting a numerical value in a first time interval as a comparison basis; selecting a numerical value in a second time interval as a inspection interval; statistically identifying the numerical value of the inspection interval and the numerical value of the comparison basis are to detect a variation value. 1. A method for detecting variation value , wherein the method comprises:selecting a numerical value in a first time interval as a comparison basis;selecting a numerical value in a second time interval as a inspection interval; andstatistically identifying the numerical value of the inspection interval and the numerical value of the comparison basis are to detect a variation value.2. The detection method according to claim 1 , wherein the number of the variation values and the degree of variation of the variation values are counted.3. The detection method according to claim 1 , wherein when the numerical value of the inspection interval and the numerical value of the comparison basis are statistically identified claim 1 , the nonparametric statistics is employed.4. The detection method according to claim 1 , wherein when the numerical value of the inspection interval and the numerical value of the comparison basis are statistically identified claim 1 , Levene detection algorithm in the nonparametric statistics is employed.5. The detection method according to claim 4 , wherein when Levene detection algorithm in the nonparametric statistics is employed to statistically identify the numerical value of the inspection interval and the numerical value of the comparison basis claim 4 , the data is represented in columns to obtain the conversion data; for the conversion data of each column claim 4 , the number of the column is subtracted from the mean of the column and the absolute value is taken claim 4 , and the processed conversion data is subjected to one-way ANOVA.6. ...

POLARITONIC HOT ELECTRON INFRARED PHOTODETECTOR

Polaritonic hot electron infrared photodetector that detect infrared radiation. In one implementation, the polaritonic hot electron infrared photodetector includes a first contact layer, a second contact layer, a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, and a conductor layer. The first dielectric layer is coupled between the first contact layer and the second contact layer. The second dielectric layer is coupled between the first dielectric layer and the second contact layer. The conductor layer is coupled between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer. Infrared radiation incident upon the conductor layer is operable to create hot carriers that are injected from a conduction band of the conductor layer to a conduction band of the second contact layer. 1. A detector for detecting infrared radiation , the detector comprising:a first contact layer;a second contact layer;a first dielectric layer coupled between the first contact layer and the second contact layer;a second dielectric layer coupled between the first dielectric layer and the second contact layer; anda conductor layer coupled between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer,wherein infrared radiation incident upon the conductor layer is operable to create hot carriers that are injected from a conduction band of the conductor layer to a conduction band of the second contact layer.2. The detector of claim 1 , wherein a dielectric constant of the conductor layer is approximately zero at a working wavelength of the detector.3. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the detector is configured to operate in an epsilon near zero mode.4. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the first contact layer and the second contact layer apply a voltage bias between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer.5. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the conductor layer is formed of a conducting metal oxide.6. The detector of claim 5 , wherein the conducting metal oxide is ...

Image sensor

A multispectral image sensor includes a semiconductor layer and a number of pixels formed inside and on top of the semiconductor layer. The pixels include a first pixel of a first type formed inside and on top of a first portion of the semiconductor layer and a second pixel of a second type formed inside and on top of a second portion of the semiconductor layer. The first pixel has a first thickness that defines a vertical cavity resonating at a first wavelength and the second pixel has a second thickness different from the first thickness. The second thickness defines a vertical cavity resonating at a second wavelength different than the first wavelength.

Image sensor

A multispectral image sensor includes a semiconductor layer and a number of pixels formed inside and on top of the semiconductor layer. Each pixel includes an active photosensitive area formed in a portion of the semiconductor layer laterally delimited by peripheral insulating walls. The pixels include a first pixel of a first type and a second pixel of a second type. The portion of semiconductor layer of the first pixel has a first lateral dimension selected to define a lateral cavity resonating at a first wavelength and the portion of semiconductor layer of the second pixel has a second lateral dimension different from the first lateral dimension. The second lateral dimension is selected to define a lateral cavity resonating at a second wavelength different from the first wavelength.

Superconducting element, particle detection device, and particle detection method

According to one embodiment, a superconducting element used as a pixel for detecting a particle is disclosed. The superconducting element includes at least one superconducting strip. The at least one superconducting strip includes a superconducting portion extending in a first direction, including first and second ends and made of a first superconducting material, a first conductive portion connected to the first end of the superconducting portion, and a second conductive portion connected to the second end of the superconducting portion. A superconducting region of the superconducting portion is configured to be dived when the particle is made incident on the superconducting portion along the first direction via the first conductive portion.

IN VIVO PATIENT COMPLIANCE MONITORING

An in vivo patient compliance apparatus includes a timing controller, a pulsed light source, and a detector. The timing controller controls the timing of the activation of the pulsed light source and the detector. The detector includes a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), a time integrator coupled to the SPAD, and an event counter coupled to the SPAD. The time integrator is configured to store charge in response to receiving a signal from the SPAD, and configured to stop storing charge in response to receiving a signal from the timing controller. The event counter is configured to store a preset amount of charge in response to receiving a signal from the SPAD. 1. An in vivo patient compliance apparatus comprising:a timing controller;a pulsed light source coupled to the timing controller; and a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD),', 'a time integrator coupled to the SPAD and the timing controller, the time integrator configured to store charge in response to receiving a signal from the SPAD, and configured to stop storing charge in response to receiving a signal from the timing controller, and', 'an event counter coupled to the SPAD, the event counter configured to store a preset amount of charge in response to receiving a signal from the SPAD., 'a detector, the detector comprising2. The in vivo patient compliance apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the time integrator comprises:a first transistor controlled by the SPAD;a second transistor coupled to the first transistor, the second transistor controlled by the timing controller; anda capacitor coupled to the second transistor, the capacitor configured to store charge in response to the first transistor and the second transistor being turned on.3. The in vivo patient compliance apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the event counter comprises:a pulse generator coupled to the SPAD, the pulse generator configured to generate a pulse with a preset shape;a first transistor coupled to an output of the pulse generator, the first ...

Light Therapy Monitoring

A light-monitoring apparatus includes a power source, a light detector, a computer processor coupled with the power source and in communication with the light detector and configured to receive and record light exposure detected by the light detector, an output device coupled with the computer processor, and a computer-readable medium coupled with the computer processor and storing instruction code for summing the recorded light exposure from the computer processor over time and communicating a signal to the output device to generate and communicate a signal indicating that a cumulative threshold light exposure for achieving a health benefit has been reached. The apparatus can accordingly be used by an individual to monitor cumulative light exposure from both natural and artificial sources, e.g., in the treatment of seasonal or non-seasonal depression.

DETECTION DEVICE AND OPTICAL FILTER

According to an aspect, a detection device includes: a substrate; a plurality of photodiodes arranged on the substrate; a protective film that covers the photodiodes; a plurality of lenses provided so as to overlap the respective photodiodes; a first light-blocking layer that is provided between the photodiodes and the lenses and is provided with first openings in regions overlapping the respective photodiodes; and a second light-blocking layer that is provided between the first light-blocking layer and the lenses and is provided with second openings in regions overlapping the respective photodiodes and the respective first openings. The first light-blocking layer is provided with slits in regions overlapping gaps between the photodiodes adjacent to each other, and the second light-blocking layer is provided so as to be continuous across the photodiodes adjacent to each other and is provided so as to overlap the slits. 1. A detection device comprising:a substrate;a plurality of photodiodes arranged on the substrate;a protective film that covers the photodiodes;a plurality of lenses provided so as to overlap the respective photodiodes;a first light-blocking layer that is provided between the photodiodes and the lenses and is provided with first openings in regions overlapping the respective photodiodes; anda second light-blocking layer that is provided between the first light-blocking layer and the lenses and is provided with second openings in regions overlapping the respective photodiodes and the respective first openings, whereinthe first light-blocking layer is provided with slits in regions overlapping gaps between the photodiodes adjacent to each other, andthe second light-blocking layer is provided so as to be continuous across the photodiodes adjacent to each other and is provided so as to overlap the slits.2. The detection device according to claim 1 , whereinthe photodiodes are arranged in a matrix having a row-column configuration,the slits are provided in ...

VISUAL INSPECTION METHOD FOR LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE

A visual inspection method for a light-emitting device includes: providing a light-emitting device having a substrate and a light-emitting portion, the substrate having a substrate upper surface and a substrate bottom surface, the light-emitting portion being provided on the substrate upper surface and having a light-emitting upper surface, a light-emitting lower surface, and a lateral surface which is provided between the light-emitting lower surface and the light-emitting upper surface and which is surrounded by a light shielding member; placing the light-emitting device on an inspection surface so that the substrate bottom surface is opposite to the inspection surface; supplying power to the light-emitting device so that the light-emitting portion emits light from the light-emitting upper surface; and capturing brightness on the inspection surface surrounding an entire outer periphery of the light-emitting device viewed in the height direction while the light-emitting portion emits light. 1. A visual inspection method for a light-emitting device , comprising:providing a light-emitting device having a substrate and a light-emitting portion, the substrate having a substrate upper surface and a substrate bottom surface opposite to the substrate upper surface in a height direction of the light-emitting device, the light-emitting portion being provided on the substrate upper surface and having a light-emitting upper surface, a light-emitting lower surface opposite to the light-emitting upper surface in the height direction, and a lateral surface which is provided between the light-emitting lower surface and the light-emitting upper surface and which is surrounded by a light shielding member, the light-emitting lower surface being opposite to the substrate upper surface in the height direction;placing the light-emitting device on an inspection surface so that the substrate bottom surface is opposite to the inspection surface;supplying power to the light-emitting device ...

LIGHT-RAY DETECTION CIRCUIT

The circuit of detection of light radiation includes a photodetector. The photodetector is coupled to three capacitors by way of three switches. The capacitors are parallel mounted to form a capacitive load whose value of electrical capacity changes as a function of the openings/closures of the switches. This configuration allows to stabilise the voltage present on the output terminal in the detection circuit for a wider range of illumination sustained by photodetector. 111-. (canceled)12. Detection device , comprisinga photodetector,a biasing circuit configured to bias the photodetector,an integration capacitive load configured to store electrical charges emitted by the photodetector,an output terminal coupled to the integration capacitive load and designed to be connected to a processing circuit,wherein the integration capacitive load is configured to present different values of electrical capacity, the integration capacitive load comprising:at least first and second transit lines branch mounted between the photodetector and the output terminal, the first transit line including first and second switches mounted in series, the second transit line comprising third and switches mounted in series,a first capacitor having a first electrode connected between the first and second switches and a second electrode connected to a first source of predefined voltage,a second capacitor having a first electrode connected between the third and fourth switches and a second electrode connected to a second source of predefined voltage,a third capacitor mounted in series with an additional switch between a third source of predefined voltage and a connection between the first switch and the third switch,a circuitry configured to reset independently the first capacitor, the second capacitor and the third capacitor.13. Detection device according to claim 12 , wherein the first source of predefined voltage claim 12 , the second source of predefined voltage and the third source of ...

ELECTROMAGNETIC DETECTOR

Electromagnetic detectors and methods for manufacturing electromagnetic detectors are described. The electromagnetic detectors include at least one electromagnetic sensor, where each electromagnetic sensor includes a conductive part having a perimeter, a first connection point on the perimeter of the conductive part, a second connection point on the perimeter of the conductive part, a connection point axis extending between the first and the second connection points, a secondary axis perpendicular to the connection point axis extending through a midpoint between the first and second connection points, the secondary axis dividing the conductive part into two portions that are asymmetrical to one another. The electromagnetic detector also includes a voltage detector coupled to the first and the second connection points to detect voltages produced by the conductive part when exposed to electromagnetic waves. 1. A electromagnetic detector comprising: a conductive part having a perimeter;', 'a first connection point on the perimeter of the conductive part;', 'a second connection point on the perimeter of the conductive part;', 'a connection point axis extending between the first and the second connection points;', 'a secondary axis perpendicular to the connection point axis extending through a midpoint between the first and second connection points, the secondary axis dividing the conductive part into two portions that are asymmetrical to one another; and, 'at least one electromagnetic sensor, each electromagnetic sensor includinga voltage detector coupled to the first and the second connection points to detect voltages produced by the conductive part when exposed to electromagnetic waves.2. The detector of claim 1 , further comprising:a substrate on which the conductive part is supported.3. The detector of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is a semiconductor.4. The detector of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is an insulator.5. The detector of claim 1 , further comprising: ...

DEVICE FOR OPERATING PASSIVE INFRARED SENSORS

A system for measuring a sensor having two terminals includes first and second transistors with first and second control signal inputs connected to the sensor terminals. The system further includes a current divider including a reference current input, a current divider control input and first and second current outputs connected to the first and second transistors. First and second load circuits are connected to the first and second transistors at first and second differential output nodes. First and second integrating circuits are connected to the first and second differential output nodes. A comparator is driven by first and second differential output nodes. The comparator output controls a digital integrator. A value of a current divider control signal driving the current divider control input depends at least indirectly from the digital integrator. 118.-. (canceled).19. A system for converting a differential analog signal into a digital signal comprising:first and second differential inputs;first and second differential outputs; a first transistor including a first terminal, a second terminal and a third terminal, the first terminal being a first transistor control terminal and connected to the first differential input and the third terminal being connected to the first differential output;', 'a second transistor including a fourth terminal, a fifth terminal and a sixth terminal, the fourth terminal being a second transistor control terminal and connected to the second differential input and the sixth terminal connected to the second differential output;, 'a differential amplifier including a reference current source connected to the reference current input;', 'a first load circuit connected to the first differential output; and', 'a second load circuit connected to the second differential output; and, 'a current divider including a reference current input, a control input, a first current divider output and a second current divider output, wherein the first ...

APPARATUS FOR DETECTING ARC FLASH

An apparatus may include a sensor housing, a light sensor disposed within the sensor housing, the light sensor arranged to generate a detection signal when light impinges on the light sensor, a sensor lens disposed at least partially outside the sensor housing, wherein a distal portion of the sensor lens extends a first distance above the sensor housing, the sensor lens being transparent, wherein light received from outside the sensor housing is transmitted to the light sensor; and a light emitter assembly disposed outside the sensor housing at a second distance above the housing less than the first distance. 1. An apparatus , comprising:a sensor housing;a light sensor disposed within the sensor housing, the light sensor arranged to generate a detection signal when light impinges on the light sensor;a sensor lens disposed at least partially outside the sensor housing, wherein a distal portion of the sensor lens extends a first distance above the sensor housing, the sensor lens being transparent, wherein light received from outside the sensor housing is transmitted to the light sensor; anda light emitter assembly disposed outside the sensor housing, and arranged to extend a second distance above the sensor housing less than the first distance.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a signal line disposed at least partially within the sensor housing and coupled to the light sensor, the signal line to receive the detection signal and transmit the detection signal as an electric current; anda relay connected to the signal line and having a shutoff component to terminate conduction through an external conduction line when value of the detection signal exceeds an arc flash detection threshold.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light emitter assembly comprises:a light emitter housing;a light emitting diode arranged to generate light as a test signal; anda light emitter lens disposed on the light emitter housing and transparent to light emitted as a test ...

Apparatus For Measuring Circadian Illuminance

The present disclosure provides a circadian illuminance measuring apparatus including: a circadian lambda filter configured to pass external light according to a circadian sensitivity curve; a light sensor configured to sense the external light has passed through the circadian lambda filter, convert the external light into an analog signal, and output the analog signal; and a circadian illuminance calculator configured to convert the analog signal into a digital signal to calculate circadian illuminance of the external light. 1. A circadian illuminance measuring apparatus comprising:a circadian lambda filter configured to pass external light according to a circadian sensitivity curve;a light sensor configured to sense the external light has passed through the circadian lambda filter, convert the external light into an analog signal, and output the analog signal; anda circadian illuminance calculator configured to convert the analog signal into a digital signal to calculate circadian illuminance of the external light.2. The circadian illuminance measuring apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the circadian sensitivity curve is a light sensitivity characteristic curve for a hormone that controls a circadian rhythm claim 1 , and is a curve having the maximum sensitivity in a circadian wavelength band.3. The circadian illuminance measuring apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the hormone that controls the circadian rhythm is melatonin.4. The circadian illuminance measuring apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the circadian wavelength band is in a range of 450 nm to 550 nm.5. The circadian illuminance measuring apparatus of claim 2 , wherein a full-width at half-maximum transmission (FWHM) of the circadian wavelength band is in a range of 80 nm to 95 nm.6. The circadian illuminance measuring apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the circadian wavelength band has an area concordance rate of 80% or more with a wavelength band of the circadian sensitivity curve.7. The circadian illuminance measuring ...

LIGHT RECEIVING DEVICE

A light receiving device that receives a light signal includes: a plurality of avalanche photodiodes, in each of which receiving sensitivity is set in accordance with a bias signal that is provided; a plurality of level conversion units provided in association with the avalanche photodiodes, each of the level conversion units being configured to convert a level of a reference voltage for obtaining the bias signal so as to generate the bias signal and being configured to provide the bias signal to corresponding one of the avalanche photodiodes; and a control unit that generates a first control signal corresponding to a temperature of the light receiving device, and controls a level conversion amount of each of the level conversion units by using the first control signal. 12-. (canceled)3. A light receiving device that receives a light signal , the light receiving device comprising:a plurality of avalanche photodiodes, in each of which receiving sensitivity is set in accordance with a bias signal provided; being configured to convert a level of a reference voltage for obtaining the bias signal so as to generate the bias signal and', 'being configured to provide the bias signal to a corresponding one of the avalanche photodiodes; and, 'a plurality of level conversion units provided in association with the avalanche photodiodes, each of the level conversion units'} to generate a first control signal corresponding to a temperature of the light receiving device, and', 'to control a level conversion amount of each of the level conversion units by using the first control signal; and, 'a control unit'} to boost a power supply voltage so as to generate the reference voltage, and', 'to provide the reference voltage to the level conversion units, wherein, 'a booster unit'}each of the level conversion units converts the level of the reference voltage on the basis of the first control signal so as to generate the bias signal,the booster unit generates the reference voltage by ...

LASER LIGHT SOURCE MODULE AND METHOD OF SPECIFYING FAILURE LASER DIODE

It is an object of the present invention to provide a laser light source module capable of diverting current flowing to a laser diode when the laser diode does not emit light. A laser light source module includes a laser diode, a bypass circuit parallelly connected to the laser diode and diverting current flowing to a laser diode in an on state, a light detection circuit detecting laser light of the laser diode, and the bypass circuit switching circuit switching the bypass circuit to the on state in accordance with a control signal being input thereto, and the bypass circuit switching circuit can switch the bypass circuit to the on state in accordance with a state where the light detection circuit does not detect the laser light. 1. A laser light source module , comprising:a laser diode;a bypass circuit being parallelly connected to the laser diode and diverting current flowing to the laser diode when the bypass circuit is in an on state;a light detection circuit detecting laser light of the laser diode; anda bypass circuit switching circuit switching the bypass circuit to the on state in accordance with a control signal being input to the bypass circuit switching circuit, whereinin accordance with a state where the light detection circuit does not detect the laser light, the bypass circuit switching circuit can switch the bypass circuit to the on state,the bypass circuit switching circuit has a photoelectric conversion element, anda control signal being input to the bypass circuit switching circuit is a light signal.2. (canceled)3. The laser light source module according to claim 1 , whereinthe bypass circuit switching circuit has a photovoltaic output photo coupler.4. The laser light source module according to claim 1 , whereinthe light detection circuit has a photo transistor.5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. A method of specifying a failure laser diode to specify a defective laser diode in a light source device claim 1 , whereinthe light source device ...

Spatial Light Measuring Method And Spatial Light Measuring System

The invention provides a spatial light measuring system, which comprises an illuminance measuring instrument for measuring an illuminance on the ground in a state where an illumination facility is new in a running direction of a traveling vehicle at predetermined intervals, the illuminance measuring instrument and an image pickup device which are mounted on the traveling vehicle for continuously acquiring images including an illumination facility at the predetermined time intervals, a speedmeter for detecting a speed of the traveling vehicle and an arithmetic device, wherein the arithmetic device is configured to store illuminance data acquired by the measurement in a new state as initial data, to make the traveling vehicle to run after acquiring the initial data, to save illuminance data acquired. by the illuminance measuring instrument as daily management data, and to specify an illuminance measuring position and an image acquiring position based on the speed of the traveling vehicle as detected by the speedmeter and the arithmetic device has a correction coefficient due to a distance from the ground to an illuminance measuring instrument mounting position and a correction coefficient due to the speed of the traveling vehicle and is configured to correct daily management data into illuminance data on the ground based on both the correction coefficients and to judge the soundness of the illumination facility based on a comparison between the illuminance data as corrected, the initial data and based on the images as acquired. 1. A spatial light measuring method which determines a soundness of an illumination facility comprising; an initial value measurement wherein the initial value measurement includes a step of ,acquiring initial data on the ground in a state where the illumination facility is new by an illuminance measuring instrument in a running direction of a traveling vehicle at predetermined intervals, and.a daily management measurement wherein the daily ...

PASSIVE DETECTORS FOR IMAGING SYSTEMS

Passive detector structures for imaging systems are provided, which are based on a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) framework. For example, an imaging device includes a substrate, and a photon detector disposed over a surface of the substrate. The photon detector comprises a stack of thin film layers including a resonator member and an unpowered detector member. The resonator member generates an output signal having a frequency or period of oscillation. The unpowered detector member has a CTE, which causes the unpowered detector member to expand or contract due to thermal heating resulting from photon exposure, and apply a mechanical force to the resonator member. The mechanical force causes a change in the frequency or period of oscillation of the output signal generated by the resonator member, wherein the change in the frequency or period of oscillation is utilized to determine an amount of photon exposure of the photon detector. 1. An imaging device , comprising:a substrate; a resonator member configured to generate an output signal having a frequency or period of oscillation;', 'an unpowered detector member, wherein the unpowered detector member is configured for photon exposure, wherein the unpowered detector member comprises a material having a thermal coefficient of expansion that causes the unpowered detector member to distort due to said photon exposure, wherein the unpowered detector member is further configured to apply a mechanical force to the resonator member due to said distortion of the unpowered detector member, and cause a change in the frequency or period of oscillation of the output signal generated by the resonator member due to said mechanical force applied to the resonator member; and', 'a thermal insulating member configured to thermally insulate the resonator member from the unpowered detector member; and, 'a photon detector disposed over a surface of the substrate, wherein the photon detector comprises a stack of thin film layers, ...

BIOSENSOR AND BIO DETECTION SYSTEM

A biosensor is provided. The biosensor includes a substrate, a plurality of photodiodes, a polarizing element and a plurality of reaction sites. The plurality of photodiodes are embedded in the substrate. The polarizing element is disposed on the substrate. The plurality of reaction sites are disposed on the polarizing element. 1. A biosensor , comprising:a substrate;a plurality of photodiodes embedded in the substrate;a polarizing element disposed on the substrate; anda plurality of reaction sites disposed on the polarizing element.2. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:a filter layer disposed between the substrate and the polarizing element.3. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:a filter layer disposed between the substrate and the plurality of reaction sites, wherein the polarizing element is embedded in the filter layer.4. The biosensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of the reaction sites corresponds to one of the plurality of the photodiodes.5. The biosensor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the filter layer comprises two sub-filter layers claim 2 , and each of the plurality of the reaction sites corresponds to two of the plurality of the photodiodes.6. The biosensor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the filter layer comprises four sub-filter layers claim 2 , and each of the plurality of the reaction sites corresponds to four of the plurality of the photodiodes.7. The biosensor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the filter layer comprises two sub-filter layers claim 2 , the polarizing element comprises two sub-polarizing layer claim 2 , and each of the plurality of the reaction sites corresponds to two of the plurality of the photodiodes.8. The biosensor as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the filter layer comprises four sub-filter layers claim 2 , the polarizing element comprises two sub-polarizing layer claim 2 , and each of the plurality of the reaction sites corresponds to four of the plurality of the ...

METHOD FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY SENSING AND A CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT

A circuit arrangement comprises a photo detector () for detecting electromagnetic energy and a signal generating means () being suitable for generating a sequence of events wherein an event interval of the sequence depends on the detected electromagnetic energy. The signal generating means () is coupled downstream of the photo detector (). A counting means () for measuring a time period until a given number of events has been generated is coupled downstream of the signal generating means (). 1. A method for electromagnetic energy sensing comprisingdetecting electromagnetic energy,generating a sequence of events wherein an event interval of the sequence depends on the detected electromagnetic energy,measuring a time period until a given number of events has been generated and providing the time period as an output value.6. A circuit arrangement comprisinga photo detector for detecting electromagnetic energy,a signal generating means being suitable for generating a sequence of events wherein an event interval of the sequence depends on the detected electromagnetic energy, the signal generating means being coupled downstream of the photo detector,a counting means for measuring a time period until a given number of events has been generated.9. The circuit arrangement according to claim 8 , further comprising a resetting means for resetting the integrator amplifier claim 8 , the resetting means being coupled to the signal event generator in such a way that the integrator amplifier is reset when one event is generated.10. The circuit arrangement according to claim 8 , wherein the counting means comprises an event counter having an input coupled to the signal event generator and a further comparator having a first input coupled to an output of the event counter and a second input coupled to a register suitable for providing the given number of events.11. The circuit arrangement according to claim 10 , wherein the counting means comprises an incrementing counter having an ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING AMOUNT OF LIGHT IN VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

A method and an apparatus for controlling an amount of light in a visible light communication system are provided. In the visible light communication system, a terminal measures an amount of light for a light signal received from a sensor, determines whether the measured amount of light is less than a threshold value, increases an amount of light for a light source signal to transmit to the sensor when the measured amount of light is less than the threshold value, and transmits, to the sensor, a light source signal according to the increased amount of light. 1. A method of controlling an amount of light of a terminal in a visible light communication system , the method comprising:measuring an amount of light for a light signal received from a sensor;determining whether the measured amount of light is less than a threshold value;increasing an amount of light for a light source signal to transmit to the sensor when the measured amount of light is less than the threshold value; andtransmitting, to the sensor, a light source signal according to the increased amount of light.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:decreasing the amount of light for the light source signal to transmit to the sensor when the measured amount of light is more than the threshold value.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the increasing of the amount of light comprises:increasing the amount of light for the light source signal to transmit to the sensor by an amount of light corresponding to a difference between the threshold value and the measured amount of light.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the increasing of the amount of light comprises:driving a timer when the measured amount of light is less than the threshold value;measuring the amount of light for the light signal received from the sensor after the timer is ended;increasing the amount of light for the light source signal to transmit to the sensor when the amount of light measured after the timer is ended is less than the ...

FAR-INFRARED DETECTION USING WEYL SEMIMETALS

The generation of photocurrent in an ideal two-dimensional Dirac spectrum is symmetry forbidden. In sharp contrast, a three-dimensional Weyl semimetal can generically support significant photocurrent due to the combination of inversion symmetry breaking and finite tilts of the Weyl spectrum. To realize this photocurrent, a noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal is coupled to a pair of electrodes and illuminated with circularly polarized light without any voltage applied to the Weyl semimetal. The wavelength of the incident light can range over tens of microns and can be adjusted by doping the Weyl semimetal to change its chemical potential. 1. A detector comprising:a detecting element comprising a noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal that produces a photocurrent in response to incident radiation; anda pair of electrodes, in electrical communication with the detecting element, to conduct the photocurrent out of the noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal.2. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the detecting element is configured to produce the photocurrent in an absence of an external bias voltage.3. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the detecting element is configured to produce the photocurrent in an absence of an applied magnetic field.4. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal has a three-dimensional band structure comprising a plurality of tilted Weyl cones.5. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal has an energy band structure that lacks inversion symmetry.6. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal has a chemical potential within about 5 meV of a Weyl node of the noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal.7. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal has a thickness of substantially equal to or less than an absorption length of the noncentrosymmetric Weyl semimetal at a wavelength of the incident radiation.8. The detector of claim 1 , wherein the ...

DETECTION CIRCUIT FOR LASER FAULT INJECTION ATTACK ON CHIP AND SECURITY CHIP

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a detection circuit for a laser fault injection attack on a chip and a security chip. The detection circuit includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a first switch, a second switch, a photosensitive element, a first NMOS transistor, and a second NMOS transistor. A drain of the first NMOS transistor is configured to output a first voltage signal, and a drain of the second NMOS transistor is configured to output a second voltage signal. The first voltage signal and the second voltage signal are configured to indicate that the chip is attacked by laser fault injection, thereby realizing detection of the laser fault injection attack, and ensuring the robustness and security of the chips. 1. A detection circuit for a laser fault injection attack on a chip , being disposed in the chip and comprising:a first capacitor;a second capacitor;a first switch, wherein the first switch comprises a control terminal configured to receive a first clock signal for controlling a turning-on state and a turning-off state of the first switch, a first terminal connected to a supply voltage, and a second terminal grounded through the first capacitor;a second switch, wherein the second switch comprises a control terminal configured to receive a second clock signal for controlling a turning-on state and a turning-off state of the second switch, a first terminal connected to the supply voltage, and a second terminal grounded through the second capacitor;a photosensitive element;a first NMOS transistor, wherein the first NMOS transistor comprises a drain connected to the second terminal of the first switch and configured to output a first voltage signal, a source connected to the photosensitive element, and a gate connected to the second terminal of the second switch; anda second NMOS transistor, wherein the second NMOS transistor comprises a drain connected to the second terminal of the second switch and configured to output a second voltage ...

Light sensor with correlated double sampling

A light sensor is described with correlated double sampling. In one example a first storage element is coupled to a photodetector to collect free electrons as an accumulated charge. A transfer switch is coupled to the first storage element. A second storage element is coupled to the first storage element through the transfer switch to collect the accumulated charge from the first storage element when the transfer switch is open. A sense circuit measures the charge on the second storage element before the accumulated charge is collected from the first storage element as a reference charge and measures the charge on the second storage element after the accumulated charge is collected from the first storage element as a read charge. The sensed charge is determined by comparing the reference charge to the read charge.

DATA ACQUISITION DEVICE FOR OPTICAL COMPENSATION

Disclosed is a data acquisition device for optical compensation including a platform for carrying a display panel; and a linear image acquisition module located above the platform. The linear image acquisition module is movable relative to the platform. 1. A data acquisition device for optical compensation comprising:a platform for carrying a display panel; anda linear image acquisition module located above the platform, the linear image acquisition module being movable relative to the platform.2. The data acquisition device for optical compensation according to claim 1 , wherein a distance between the linear image acquisition module and the display panel carried on the platform in a direction perpendicular to the platform is 0-50 mm.3. The data acquisition device for optical compensation of claim 1 , wherein the linear image acquisition module is movable relative to the platform in one-dimensional direction claim 1 , and an extending direction of the linear image acquisition module is perpendicular to a movement direction thereof relative to the platform.4. The data acquisition device for optical compensation of claim 3 , wherein the platform is a fixed mechanism; and the linear image acquisition module is movable in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction thereof.5. The data acquisition device for optical compensation of claim 4 , further comprising a driving device for driving a movement of the linear image acquisition module.6. The data acquisition device for optical compensation of claim 3 , wherein the linear image acquisition module is a fixed mechanism; and the platform is movable in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the linear image acquisition module.7. The data acquisition device for optical compensation of claim 6 , further comprising a conveyor unit for driving a movement of the platform.8. The data acquisition device for optical compensation of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of said linear image acquisition modules ...

INSPECTION SYSTEM

An inspection system for visually inspecting one or more inspection locations within a structure, the inspection system including one or more imaging devices mounted within the structure to view the inspection locations, at least one light source to illuminate the inspection locations during inspection, and a wiring harness extending from the imaging device to at least one external port of the structure and configured to supply electrical power to the imaging device from a power supply external to the structure when connected to the port during inspection, and to carry image data representing images of the inspection locations from the imaging device to an external device for viewing by a user of the inspection system. 1. An inspection system for visually inspecting one or more inspection locations within a structure , said inspection system comprising:at least one imaging device mounted within said structure to view said inspection locations;at least one light source configured to illuminate said inspection locations during an inspection thereof; anda wiring harness extending from the imaging device to at least one external port of the structure and configured to supply electrical power to the imaging device from a power supply external to said structure when connected to said port during inspection, and to carry image data representing images of the inspection locations from the imaging device to an external device that enables viewing of the images by a user of the inspection system.2. The inspection system of claim 1 , wherein each of said imaging devices including a remotely operable shutter configured to selectively expose an imaging aperture or lens of the imaging device so that the imaging device is able to view said inspection locations during said inspection claim 1 , and to protect said imaging lens or aperture at other times.3. The inspection system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of said imaging devices is mounted to a corresponding mount or stage ...