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Небесная энциклопедия

Космические корабли и станции, автоматические КА и методы их проектирования, бортовые комплексы управления, системы и средства жизнеобеспечения, особенности технологии производства ракетно-космических систем

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Мониторинг СМИ

Мониторинг СМИ и социальных сетей. Сканирование интернета, новостных сайтов, специализированных контентных площадок на базе мессенджеров. Гибкие настройки фильтров и первоначальных источников.

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Форма поиска

Поддерживает ввод нескольких поисковых фраз (по одной на строку). При поиске обеспечивает поддержку морфологии русского и английского языка
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Применить Всего найдено 1790. Отображено 100.
03-05-2012 дата публикации

Composition for electrochromic devices and electrochromic display device using the same

Номер: US20120105933A1
Автор: Katsuyoshi Hoshino, Katsuyuki Murashiro, Mai Ando, Ryota Nakajima, Toshiki KOMATSU, Yosuke Oikawa
Принадлежит: Chiba University NUC, JNC Corp

There is provided a composition for electrochromic devices which clearly present only two states, a white-colored state and a decolored state. The composition for electrochromic devices contains (A) a specific quaternary ammonium salt, (B) a supporting electrolyte containing bromide ion, and (C) a solvent containing water as an essential component, and (A) is soluble in (C).

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Номер записи: 1
19-07-2012 дата публикации

Electrochromic Device and Method for Producing Same

Номер: US20120182592A1
Автор: Claudia Brito Da Costa, Elvira María Correla Fortunato, Ines Domingues Da Silva Henriques, Isabel María Mercês Ferrèira, Rodrigo Ferrao De Paiva Martins
Принадлежит: Universidade Nova De Lisboa, Yd Ynvisible S A

The present invention relates to electrochromic devices and methods for functionalizing cellulose-based materials, in production and post-production stages, in order to obtain solid-state electrochromic devices. The invention is in the field of electrochemistry. These functionalized cellulose-based materials have typical electrochromic characteristics, specifically the capacity to change the oxidation state, leading to a modification of the physical properties, shown by a color change when exposed to an electric potential difference, being this color change reversible. The color remains in the absence of any electric stimulus, demonstrating a memory effect. An example of an electrochromic device according to the present invention comprises a cellulose-based material soaked with a dispersion of electrochromic inorganic material nanoparticles or with a solution of electrochromic organic molecules, wherein the solution/dispersion contains at least one salt, and is finished by deposition of an electrode in each side of the cellulose-based material, wherein at least one of the electrodes is transparent.

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Номер записи: 2
06-12-2012 дата публикации

Transparent electrochromic systems with a plurality of polarisation electrodes

Номер: US20120307340A1
Автор: Anthony Saugey, Christian Bovet, Claudine Biver, Jean-Paul Cano, Samuel Archambeau, Sandrine Duluard
Принадлежит: Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA

The invention relates to transparent electrochromic systems which each include one pair of supply electrodes and at least one pair of polarisation electrodes. The polarisation electrodes prevent a reaction of mutual neutralisation of the electroactive substances of the systems from causing unnecessary consumption of electric current. Said electrodes also prevent a neutralisation reaction from limiting a lower value of light transmission of the systems. For this purpose, the polarisation electrodes produce an electric field inside the systems, which attracts the electroactive substances that have already reacted with the supply electrodes to different areas.

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Номер записи: 3
16-05-2013 дата публикации

COMPLIMENTARY POLYMER ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Номер: US20130120821A1
Автор: Chandrasekhar Prasanna
Принадлежит: ASHWIN-USHAS CORPORATION, INC.

A complimentary polymer or “dual-polymer” electrochromic device and methods of preparing the same are provided. 1. A complimentary electrochromic device comprising:(a) a first electrode comprising a cathodically coloring conducting polymeric material, the cathodically coloring conducting polymeric material comprising a substituted or unsubstituted 2,2-dibenzyl-3,4-propylenedioxythiophene monomer;(b) a second electrode comprising an anodically coloring conducting polymeric material;(c) an electrolyte disposed between and in electrochemical communication with the first electrode and the second electrode; andwherein the redox potential of the cathodically coloring conducting polymeric material is substantially matched to the redox potential of the anodically coloring conducting polymeric material such that when one said polymeric material is fully oxidized, the other said polymeric material is fully reduced.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein at least one benzyl moiety of the substituted 2 claim 1 ,2-dibenzyl-3 claim 1 ,4-propylenedioxythiophene is para substituted with a substituent selected from the group consisting of halo claim 1 , sulfonyl claim 1 , nitro claim 1 , and alkyl.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein at least one benzyl moiety of the substituted 2 claim 1 ,2-dibenzyl-3 claim 1 ,4-propylenedioxythiophene has a substituent selected from the group consisting of chloro and bromo.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein at least one benzyl moiety of the substituted 2 claim 1 ,2-dibenzyl-3 claim 1 ,4-propylenedioxythiophene has a substituent selected from the group consisting of n-propyl claim 1 , iso-propyl claim 1 , n-butyl claim 1 , iso-butyl claim 1 , n-pentyl claim 1 , and n-hexyl.5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein at least one benzyl moiety of the substituted 2 claim 1 ,2-dibenzyl-3 claim 1 ,4-propylenedioxythiophene has an amino substituent.6. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 4
23-05-2013 дата публикации

Electrochemical device

Номер: US20130128332A1
Автор: David Nilsson, Magnus Berggren, Nathaniel D. Robinson, Per-Olof Svensson, Peter Andersson Ersman
Принадлежит: Acreo AB

An embodiment of the present invention relates to electrochemical devices including an electrochemically active layer having the ability of electrochemically altering its redox state. By providing a portion of an electrode of corrosion resistant material between an electrolyte and an electrochemically active layer, undesired discoloration due to the electrochemical reaction of an electrochemical device is reduced.

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Номер записи: 5
13-06-2013 дата публикации

Metameric security devices using an active material

Номер: US20130147179A1
Автор: Bill Baloukas, Ludvik Martinu
Принадлежит: Polyvalor LP

An integrated security structure is provided employing an external source of energy to change the appearance of the structure rendering the structure more challenging to duplicate due to its complexity. The security structure includes a substrate forming part of a bank note, identification document, or other security device; an active device within the substrate changing color between at least two colors wherein a color of the substrate surrounding the active device matches one of the at least two colors to form a metameric device. At least one Interference Security Image Structure (ISIS) is configured to be metameric with a bleached state of the active device and is therefore invisible at normal incidence. Another ISIS is metameric with the colored state of the electrochromic device and consequently becomes invisible during coloration. When the whole device is tilted, both ISIS's change color while the rest of the device essentially remains the same.

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Номер записи: 6
10-10-2013 дата публикации

Reflective color display

Номер: US20130265628A1
Автор: Chang-Ho Noh, RUPASREE Ragini Das
Принадлежит: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

A reflective color display may include a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer facing each other. An electrochromatic layer may be formed on the first electrode layer. The electrochromatic layer may include an electrochromatic material that is structured to display a color, to appear black, or to become transparent according to a voltage applied thereto. An electrolyte layer may contact the electrochromatic layer. The electrolyte layer may be located between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. A reflective layer may be disposed on the second electrode layer.

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Номер записи: 7
10-10-2013 дата публикации

Display device

Номер: US20130265629A1
Автор: Akio Miyata, Eiji Satoh, Kazuhiro Deguchi
Принадлежит: Sharp Corp

A display device ( 100 A) according to the present invention includes a first substrate ( 11 ), a second substrate ( 21 ) facing the first substrate ( 11 ), a first electrode ( 15 ) formed on the first substrate ( 11 ), a second electrode ( 25 ) formed on the second substrate ( 21 ), and an electrochromic layer ( 17 ) provided between the first electrode ( 15 ) and the second electrode ( 25 ) and containing an oxidation coloring-type dye and a reduction coloring-type dye.

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Номер записи: 8
24-10-2013 дата публикации

PINHOLE-FREE SOLID STATE ELECTROLYTES WITH HIGH IONIC CONDUCTIVITY

Номер: US20130280581A1
Автор: Jiang Chong, KWAK Byung-Sung Leo, SUN Lizhong
Принадлежит:

The present invention relates to vacuum-deposited solid state electrolyte layers with high ionic conductivity in electrochemical devices, and methods and tools for fabricating said electrolyte layers. An electrochemical device may comprise solid state electrolytes with incorporated thin layers and/or particles of transition metal oxides, silicon, silicon oxide, or other suitable materials that will induce an increase in ionic conductivity of the electrolyte stack (for example, materials with which lithium is able to intercalate), or mixtures thereof. An improvement in ionic conductivity of the solid state electrolyte is expected which is proportional to the number of incorporated layers or a function of the distribution uniformity and density of the particles within the electrolyte. Embodiments of the present invention are applicable to solid state electrolytes in a broad range of electrochemical devices including thin film batteries, electrochromic devices and ultracapacitors. The solid state electrolyte layers may be nominally 1. An electrochemical device comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;a high ionic conductivity solid state electrolyte between said first and second electrodes, said high ionic conductivity solid state electrolyte comprising a solid state electrolyte material and an enhancing material incorporated in said solid state electrolyte material for increasing the ionic conductivity for lithium ion movement through said solid state electrolyte.2. The electrochemical device as in claim 1 , wherein said solid state electrolyte is LiPON.3. The electrochemical device as in claim 1 , wherein said enhancing material comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides claim 1 , silicon and silicon oxide.4. The electrochemical device as in claim 1 , wherein said high ionic conductivity solid state electrolyte comprises a continuous layer of said enhancing material incorporated within said solid state ...

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Номер записи: 9
06-03-2014 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC THIN FILM, ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

Номер: US20140063584A1
Автор: SHI Yue
Принадлежит: BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd.

An electrochromic thin film, an electrochromic device, and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The electrochromic device comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate provided opposite to each other, a first transparent electrically-conductive layer provided on the inner side of the first substrate, a second transparent electrically-conductive layer provided on the inner side of the second substrate, an organic-inorganic electrochromic thin film provided between the first transparent electrically-conductive layer and the second transparent electrically-conductive layer. The organic-inorganic electrochromic thin film is obtained by forming a mesh-like microsphere-film on the first transparent electrically-conductive layer; forming an inorganic electrochromic film in the voids of the microsphere-film and removing the microsphere-film; and making the inorganic electrochromic film and an organic electrochromic solution undergo a polymerization reaction. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:providing a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other,providing a first transparent electrically-conductive layer on the inner side of the first substrate,providing a second transparent electrically-conductive layer on the inner side of the second substrate, andproviding an organic-inorganic electrochromic thin film between the first transparent electrically-conductive layer and the second transparent electrically-conductive layer, forming a mesh-like microsphere-film on the first transparent electrically-conductive layer;', 'forming an inorganic electrochromic film in voids of the microsphere-film and then removing the microsphere-film; and', 'making the inorganic electrochromic film and an organic electrochromic solution undergo a polymerization reaction., 'wherein the organic-inorganic electrochromic thin film is obtained by2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , further comprising:providing an electrolyte layer between the ...

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Номер записи: 10
03-01-2019 дата публикации

SYNAPTIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Номер: US20190004385A1
Автор: Han Shu-Jen
Принадлежит:

A synaptic electronic device includes a substrate including a one or more of a semiconductor and an insulator; a photosensitive layer disposed on a surface of the substrate; an electrochromic stack disposed on the photosensitive layer, the electrochromic stack including a first transparent electrode layer, a cathodic electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer, an anodic electrochromic layer, and a second transparent electrode layer; and a pair of electrodes disposed on the photosensitive layer and on opposing sides of the electrochromic stack. 1. A synaptic electronic device , comprising:a substrate comprising one or more of a semiconductor and an insulator;an electrochromic stack disposed on a surface of the substrate, the electrochromic stack comprises a first transparent electrode layer, a cathodic electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer, an anodic electrochromic layer, and a second transparent electrode layer;a photosensitive layer disposed on the electrochromic stack; anda pair of electrodes disposed on and at opposing end of the photosensitive layer.2. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising a passivation layer on the photosensitive layer.3. The synaptic electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the passivation layer is arranged between electrodes of the pair of electrodes.4. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first transparent electrode layer comprises indium tin oxide.5. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the second transparent electrode layer comprises indium tin oxide.6. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first transparent electrode layer comprises graphene.7. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the second transparent electrode layer comprises graphene.8. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte layer comprises zirconium oxide.9. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the anodic electrochromic layer ...

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Номер записи: 11
12-01-2017 дата публикации

GRAPHENE/METAL NANOWIRE HYBRID TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS

Номер: US20170010512A1
Автор: Kholmanov Iskandar, Ruoff Rodney S.
Принадлежит:

A hybrid transparent conductive film, and methods for fabricating such hybrid transparent conductive films, involving the assembly of two-dimensional graphene-based materials with one-dimensional silver and/or copper nanowires with high optical transmittance and good electrical conductivity. The hybrid films are characterized by a good degree of control of the architecture at the nanoscale level, where the weakness(es) of each component are offset by the strengths of the other components. By rational design of the structure and using simple and locate-cost fabrication methods, hybrid films with sheet resistance of 26 ohm/sq and optical transmittance (at λ=550 nm) of 83% for reduced graphene oxide/silver nanowire films, and 64 ohm/sq and optical transmittance of 93.6% for monolayer graphene/silver nanowire films have been fabricated. These values are comparable to transparent conductive films based on indium tin oxide but are now able to be used in flexible electronics due to their good mechanical properties. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:a first layer of a glass substrate;a graphene/silver nanowire film residing on top of said first layer of said glass substrate;a buffer layer of tungsten trioxide film on top of said graphene/silver nanowire film;a layer of sol-gel tungsten trioxide film residing on top of said buffer layer of tungsten trioxide film;an electrolyte residing on said layer of sol-gel tungsten trioxide film;an indium tin oxide layer residing on said electrolyte; anda second layer of a glass substrate residing on said indium tin oxide layer.2. The electrochromic device as recited in claim 1 , wherein said electrolyte comprises a Liconductive electrolyte.3. The electrochromic device as recited in claim 1 , wherein said electrolyte comprises a propylene/ethylene carbonate solution (1:1) containing 1 M lithium perchlorate.4. The electrochromic device as recited in claim 1 , wherein said buffer layer of tungsten trioxide film has a thickness of ...

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Номер записи: 12
12-01-2017 дата публикации

Electrochromic device and method for producing electrochromic device

Номер: US20170010514A1
Автор: Daisuke Goto, Fuminari Kaneko, Hidekazu Yaginuma, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Keiichiroh Yutani, Kohji Takeuchi, Mamiko Inoue, Masato Shinoda, Satoshi Yamamoto, Shun GOTO, Sukchan Kim, Takahiko Matsumoto, Tamotsu Horiuchi, Tohru Yashiro, Toshiya Sagisaka, Yasuo Katano, Yuuma Usui
Принадлежит: Ricoh Co Ltd

To provide an electrochromic device including: a support; a first electrode formed on the support; a second electrode facing the first electrode, where through-holes are formed in the second electrode; an electrochromic layer disposed in a space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first electrolyte layer disposed in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a second electrolyte layer disposed to communicate with the first electrolyte layer through the through-holes; an inorganic protective layer, which is disposed on a surface of the second electrolyte layer not facing the second electrode, and is configured to shield oxygen and water vapor; and an organic protective layer disposed on a surface of the inorganic protective layer that does not face the second electrolyte layer.

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Номер записи: 13
11-01-2018 дата публикации

Optical modulators

Номер: US20180011384A1
Автор: Chi-Sun Hwang, Chil Seong Ah, Hojun Ryu, Jeong Ik Lee, Juhee Song, Seong-Mok CHO, Seung Youl Lee, Tae-Youb KIM, Yong Hae Kim
Принадлежит: Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute ETRI

Disclosed is an optical modulator. An optical modulator comprises a substrate, an upper transparent electrode on the substrate, a partition wall providing a chamber between the substrate and the upper transparent electrode, an optical modulation member provided in the chamber and disposed on the substrate, and an electrolyte filling the chamber and including a first metal in an ionic state. The optical modulation member comprises a reflection layer on the substrate, and a lower transparent electrode on the reflection layer.

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Номер записи: 14
03-02-2022 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT, AND METHOD FOR DRIVING THE SAME

Номер: US20220035216A1
Автор: KANEKO Fuminari, URA Naoki
Принадлежит: RICOH COMPANY, LTD.

Provided is an electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode apart from and opposite to the first electrode; an electrolyte layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, containing an oxidizable substance or a reducible substance, or both; and at least one of an oxidizable electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the electrolyte layer, containing an oxidizable electrochromic compound, and a reducible electrochromic layer between the second electrode and the electrolyte layer, containing a reducible electrochromic compound, wherein an oxidation potential of the oxidizable substance is nobler than an oxidation potential of the oxidizable electrochromic compound, a reduction potential of the reducible substance is baser than a reduction potential of the reducible electrochromic compound, an oxidation reaction of the oxidizable substance is irreversible, and a reduction reaction of the reducible substance is irreversible. 1. An electrochromic element comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode apart from and opposite to the first electrode;an electrolyte layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrolyte layer containing an oxidizable substance or a reducible substance, or both; and an oxidizable electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the electrolyte layer, the oxidizable electrochromic layer containing an oxidizable electrochromic compound; and', 'a reducible electrochromic layer between the second electrode and the electrolyte layer, the reducible electrochromic layer containing a reducible electrochromic compound,, 'at least one ofwherein an oxidation potential of the oxidizable substance is nobler than an oxidation potential of the oxidizable electrochromic compound,a reduction potential of the reducible substance is baser than a reduction potential of the reducible electrochromic compound,an oxidation reaction of the oxidizable substance is irreversible, anda reduction ...

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Номер записи: 15
17-01-2019 дата публикации

Switching materials, and compositions and methods for making same

Номер: US20190018295A1
Автор: Andrew Koutsandreas, Bronwyn Hilary Gillon, Glen Ramsay BREMNER, James Daniel SENIOR, Jeremy Graham FINDEN, Jonathan Ross Sargent, Karthik Vikram Siva Shanmugam, Matt Andrew PILAPIL, Neil Robin Branda, Simon James GAUTHIER, Veronica Elizabeth MARSHMAN
Принадлежит: Switch Materials Inc

A switching material comprising one or more than one polymers and an electrolyte comprising a salt and a solvent portion comprising one or more solvents; and one or more compounds having electrochromic and photochromic properties dispersed homogeneously through the switching material; and wherein the switching material is transitionable from a light state to a dark state on exposure to UV light and from a dark state to a light state with application of an electric voltage.

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Номер записи: 16
16-01-2020 дата публикации

Polymeric Compositions for Use in Variable Transmission and Electrochemical Devices

Номер: US20200019032A1
Автор: Adams Lori L., Agrawal Anoop, Cronin John P.
Принадлежит: Polyceed Inc.

Methods and materials to fabricate electrochromic including electrochemical devices are disclosed. In particular, emphasis is placed on the composition, fabrication and incorporation of electrolytic sheets in these devices. Composition, fabrication and incorporation of redox layers and sealants suitable for these devices are also disclosed. Incorporation of EC devices in insulated glass system (IGU) windows is also disclosed. 1. An electrochemical device , comprising:a first substrate with a conductive coating;a redox layer in contact with the conductive coating;and an electrolyte layer comprising a first polymer wherein the electrolyte layer is in contact with the redox layer, the electrolyte and the redox layer both further comprising a plasticizer and a salt, wherein:(v) the electrolyte and the redox layer contain the same plasticizer; and(vi) the concentration of dissociable salt based on plasticizer amount is similar in concentration in the redox layer and the electrolyte, andthe redox layer further comprises (a) a second polymer material, (b) a redox agent and (c) electrically conductive particles.2. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the device is selected from at least one of an electrochromic device and a battery.3. The electrochemical of claim 1 , wherein where the electrically conductive particles are selected from the group consisting of graphene claim 1 , single walled carbon nanotubes claim 1 , double walled carbon nanotubes claim 1 , multi-walled carbon nanotubes claim 1 , conductive inorganic oxides claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.4. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the first polymer or the second polymer comprises at least one isocyanate compound reacted with a compound with a proton-reactive compound.5. The electrochemical device of claim 4 , wherein the proton-reactive compound is a polyol or an amine.6. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the redox agent is tethered to a polymeric component in the redox layer ...

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Номер записи: 17
28-01-2016 дата публикации

Light control method for light control element

Номер: US20160026054A1
Автор: Ayako TSUBOI, Kazuki Nakamura, Norihisa Kobayashi
Принадлежит: Chiba University NUC

Provided is a light control method for a light control element which can be used even as a transmission-type one, has a high-quality mirror state enabling a high contrast ratio, and enables display in multiple colors. To this end, in this light control method for a light control element, with respect to a light control element comprising a pair of substrates, a pair of electrodes formed on opposed surfaces of the pair of substrates, and an electrolyte layer sandwiched between the pair of electrodes and including an electrochromic material containing silver and a mediator, the applied voltage to be applied between the pair of electrodes is changed in one light control period.

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Номер записи: 18
25-01-2018 дата публикации

REFLECTIVE DISPLAY APPARATUS

Номер: US20180024409A1
Автор: Yasumoto Takashi
Принадлежит:

A reflective display apparatus includes an image display panel including a liquid crystal panel and a backlight unit, a half mirror, and an electrochromic panel arranged in a layered manner. When the image display panel stops operating and power supply to the electrochromic panel is stopped, the half mirror reflects light coming from the rear of a vehicle and the reflected light is directed rearward. The reflected light enables a driver to check a situation behind the vehicle under such conditions. 1. A reflective display apparatus comprising:an image display panel;an electrochromic panel disposed adjacent to a display side of the image display panel; anda half mirror disposed between the image display panel and the electrochromic panel.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , two opposed transparent substrates,', 'a transparent electrode disposed on an inner surface of each of the transparent substrates, and', 'an electrolyte layer interposed between the opposed transparent electrodes, the electrolyte layer containing a metal ion, and, 'wherein the electrochromic panel includes'}wherein the metal ion is deposited on one of the transparent electrodes in response to application of voltage across the transparent electrodes, so that the electrochromic panel becomes a reflective panel.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the half mirror has a reflectance of 10% to 40%.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a camera that captures an image of an area behind a vehicle,wherein the image display panel is capable of displaying the captured image of the area behind the vehicle.5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a controller that controls the image display panel and the electrochromic panel; anda photodetector that senses external light,wherein when the photodetector senses a light intensity below a predetermined value, the controller performs first control to drive the image display panel without applying voltage across the ...

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Номер записи: 19
23-01-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL MIRROR SYSTEM AND METHOD

Номер: US20200026138A1
Автор: Garich Holly M., Inman Maria E., Taylor E. Jennings
Принадлежит:

A system and method of operating an electrochemical mirror for reversibly controlling the propagation of electromagnetic radiation. The mirror preferably includes a first electrode transmissive substrate which is substantially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation, a second electrode, and an electrolyte containing metal ions between the pair of electrodes. A first cathodic potential is applied across the electrodes to cause the metal ions from the electrolyte to electrodeposit a mirror film on the first electrode transmissive substrate. A second anodic potential is applied across the electrodes to oxidize and strip the metallic mirror film from the first electrode transmissive electrode. After a plurality of deposition and stripping cycles, a cleaning cycle is initiated to remove undissolved reflective material on the first electrode preferably by applying a third potential across the first and second electrodes which is increased to a fourth potential and then decreased back to the third potential. 1. A method of operating an electrochemical mirror for reversibly controlling the propagation of electromagnetic radiation , the mirror including a first electrode transmissive substrate which is substantially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation , a second electrode , and an electrolyte containing metal ions between the pair of electrodes , the method comprising:applying a first cathodic potential across the electrodes to cause the metal ions from the electrolyte to electrodeposit a mirror film on the first electrode transmissive substrate;applying a second anodic potential across the electrodes to oxidize and strip the metallic mirror film from the first electrode transmissive electrode; andafter a plurality of deposition and stripping cycles, initiating a cleaning cycle to remove undissolved reflective material on said first electrode.2. The method of in which said cleaning cycle includes applying to the electrodes multi-cyclic voltammetry.3. The method ...

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Номер записи: 20
17-02-2022 дата публикации

DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD OF DRIVING THE SAME

Номер: US20220050317A1
Автор: CHOI Hee Yeon, Kim Jin Woo, KIM Jung Hak, KIM Young Sik, Ku Kyo Won, LEE Jeong Heon
Принадлежит:

A display device includes a first display panel for displaying a first image, a fingerprint sensor disposed on one surface of the first display panel and detecting light passing through the first display panel, and a first light transmission control unit disposed between the first display panel and the fingerprint sensor for controlling transmission of light. 1. A display device , comprising:a first display panel for displaying a first image;a fingerprint sensor disposed on one surface of the first display panel and detecting light passing through the first display panel; anda first light transmission control unit disposed between the first display panel and the fingerprint sensor for controlling transmission of light.2. The display device of claim 1 ,wherein the first light transmission control unit includes:a first base substrate and a second base substrate facing each other;a first electrode disposed on one surface of the first base substrate;a second electrode disposed on one surface of the second base substrate facing the first base substrate; anda light transmission control layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.3. The display device of claim 2 ,wherein the light transmission control layer includes:an electrochromic layer disposed on one surface of the second electrode facing the first electrode and configured to change a color according to an oxidation-reduction reaction by a first driving voltage applied to the first electrode and a second driving voltage applied to the second electrode;a counter layer disposed on one surface of the first electrode facing the second electrode and located between the first electrode and the electrochromic layer for assisting the oxidation-reduction reaction of the electrochromic layer; andan electrolyte layer disposed between the electrochromic layer and the counter layer for providing cations and anions to cause the oxidation-reduction reaction in the electrochromic layer and the counter layer.4. ...

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Номер записи: 21
15-02-2018 дата публикации

Electrochromic device adapted for heating to prevent fogging

Номер: US20180045981A1
Автор: Jack C. CORNELIUS, Vincent O'malley
Принадлежит: ABOMINABLE LABS LLC

Portable, light attenuating electrochromic device adapted for heating to prevent fogging and to enhance operability during colder weather comprising: opposed substrates defining an enclosed space for receiving a liquid crystal solution and having conducting layers, the first substrate having a heating element system thereon for controlled operation via a first voltage power supply circuit between an upper voltage limit and a lower voltage limit, the second substrate having a tint control system thereon for controlled operation via a second voltage power supply circuit at first and second state tint voltages outside the heating voltage range upper and lower voltage limits, for heating the device during cold-weather operation to prevent fogging of the device and for attenuating light through the device to account for varying ambient lighting conditions despite colder weather operating conditions.

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Номер записи: 22
03-03-2022 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC CATHODE MATERIALS

Номер: US20220066274A1
Автор: Kailasam Sridhar Karthik, Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Various embodiments herein relate to electrochromic devices and electrochromic device precursors, as well as methods and apparatus for fabricating such electrochromic devices and electrochromic device precursors. In certain embodiments, the electrochromic device or precursor may include one or more particular materials such as a particular electrochromic material and/or a particular counter electrode material. In various implementations, the electrochromic material includes tungsten titanium molybdenum oxide. In these or other implementation, the counter electrode material may include nickel tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten tantalum oxide, nickel tungsten niobium oxide, nickel tungsten tin oxide, or another material. 1. (canceled)2. (canceled)3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. (canceled)6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. (canceled)10. (canceled)11. (canceled)12. (canceled)13. (canceled)14. (canceled)15. (canceled)16. (canceled)17. (canceled)18. (canceled)19. (canceled)20. (canceled)21. (canceled)22. (canceled)23. (canceled)24. (canceled)25. (canceled)26. (canceled)27. (canceled)28. (canceled)29. (canceled)30. (canceled)31. (canceled)32. (canceled)33. (canceled)34. (canceled)35. (canceled)36. (canceled)37. (canceled)38. (canceled)39. (canceled)40. An integrated deposition system for fabricating an electrochromic stack , the integrated deposition system comprising:a plurality of deposition stations aligned in series and interconnected and operable to pass a substrate from one station to the next without exposing the substrate to an external environment,wherein the plurality of deposition stations comprise{'sub': 1-x-y', 'x', 'y', 'z, 'a first deposition station containing a first one or more material sources for depositing an electrochromic layer comprising an electrochromic material comprising tungsten titanium molybdenum oxide having the composition WTiMoO, where x is between about 0.05-0.25, y is between about 0.01-0.15, and z is between about 2.5-4.5, the ...

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Номер записи: 23
26-02-2015 дата публикации

Electrochromic device having three-dimensional electrode

Номер: US20150055206A1
Автор: Tao Xu
Принадлежит: Northern Illinois University

An electrochromic device comprises (i) a conductive layer, (ii) an electrochromic material, on the conductive layer, (iii) an electrolyte, on the electrochromic material, and (iv) a counter-electrode, on the electrolyte. The conductive layer has a surface roughness factor (SRF) of at least 10, and the conductive layer comprises a semi-metal.

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Номер записи: 24
14-02-2019 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

Номер: US20190049809A1
Автор: Konishi Teppei, Kumai Hiroshi, OYAMA Takuji, Tahara Shinya
Принадлежит: AGC Inc.

An electrochromic element which suppresses ripples in a color-reduction state and with which good visible light transmittance can be obtained is provided. An electrochromic element includes: a transparent electrolyte layer ; a pair of solid electrochromic layers which sandwiches the transparent electrolyte layer and is constituted by a pair of a reduction coloring-type solid electrochromic layer and an oxidation coloring-type solid electrochromic layer opposing each other, and a pair of transparent conductive films , where in the thickness and refractive indexe with respect to light at a wavelength of 550 nm about the transparent electrolyte layer , the reduction coloring-type solid electrochromic layer and the oxidation coloring-type solid electrochromic layer , those values are provided so as to satisfy predetermined relations to suppress the ripples. 1. An electrochromic element comprising:a transparent electrolyte layer;a pair of solid electrochromic layers which sandwiches the transparent electrolyte layer, the pair of solid electrochromic layers being constituted by a pair of a reduction coloring-type solid electrochromic layer and an oxidation coloring-type solid electrochromic layer;a pair of transparent conductive films which further sandwiches the pair of solid electrochromic layers, andtransparent support substrates which respectively support the pair of transparent conductive films, whereinthe pair of solid electrochromic layers is constituted by a reduction coloring-type solid electrochromic layer and an oxidation coloring-type solid electrochromic layer opposing each other, and wherein the electrochromic element satisfies:n0 is different from either of n1 and n2,d0 is 5 μm or more, and d0 is a thickness of the transparent electrolyte layer,', 'n0 is a refractive index of the transparent electrolyte layer with respect to light at a wavelength of 550 nm,', 'd1 is a thickness of the reduction coloring-type solid electrochromic layer,', 'n1 is a refractive ...

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Номер записи: 25
25-02-2016 дата публикации

Electrodeposition element and mirror device

Номер: US20160054632A1
Автор: Manabu Yatabe, Norihisa Kobayashi, Yasuo Toko
Принадлежит: Chiba University NUC, Stanley Electric Co Ltd

An electrodeposition element is provided which includes a first substrate including a first member and an electrode arranged above the first member, a second substrate arranged opposite to the first substrate and including an electrode, and an electrolyte layer arranged between the electrodes of the first substrate and the second substrate, and including an electrodeposition material that contains silver. When a voltage is applied between the electrodes of the first substrate and the second substrate such that the first substrate side is negative and the second substrate side is positive, a reflective surface made of a silver thin film and reflecting light, which is incident from a direction normal to the first and second substrates, in a direction not parallel to the incident direction of the light is formed above the electrode of the first substrate.

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Номер записи: 26
13-02-2020 дата публикации

Electrochemical energy storage devices

Номер: US20200050070A1
Автор: David A. Theiste, Leroy J. Kloeppner, Punam Giri, Rongguang Lin, Sue F. Franz
Принадлежит: Gentex Corp

An energy storage device includes a cathodic material in an activated state; and an anodic material in an activated state; wherein: the cathodic material is a viologen covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material in the activated state; and the anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material in the activated state.

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Номер записи: 27
22-02-2018 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20180052374A1
Автор: Pradhan Anshu, Rozbicki Robert, WANG Zhongchun
Принадлежит:

Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer, which are in direct contact with one another. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. In addition to the improved electrochromic devices and methods for fabrication, integrated deposition systems for forming such improved devices are also disclosed. 1. (canceled)2. An electrochromic device comprising:(a) an electrochromic layer comprising an electrochromic material, wherein the electrochromic material comprises tungsten oxide doped with one or more of molybdenum, vanadium, and titanium;(b) a counter electrode layer comprising a counter electrode material, wherein the counter electrode material comprises nickel oxide doped with tungsten and tantalum; and(c) an interfacial region between the electrochromic layer and the counter electrode layer, wherein the interfacial region comprises an ionically conducting and electrically insulating material.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the electrochromic material is doped with molybdenum and titanium.4. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the interfacial region comprises a mixture of (i) the ionically conducting and electrically insulating material claim 2 , and (ii) at least one of the electrochromic material claim 2 , the counter electrode material claim 2 , and an additional material claim 2 , wherein the additional ...

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Номер записи: 28
10-03-2022 дата публикации

FLEXIBLE VARIABLE EMISSIVITY ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE AND PREPARATION METHOD

Номер: US20220075236A1
Автор: CHENG Haifeng, LI Mingyang, LIU Dongqing, Peng Liang, PENG Renfu
Принадлежит: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF DEFENSE TECHNOLOGY

A flexible variable emissivity electrochromic device and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The device includes a working electrode, a gel electrolyte layer, and a counter electrode sequentially from top to bottom. The working electrode includes a flexible polymer film and a metal film, the flexible polymer film is a surface-modified film and/or a film with a transition layer plated on a lower side thereof, and the metal film is deposited on the surface-modified film or the transition layer. The electrolyte layer includes a porous membrane and an electrolyte. The electrolyte is infiltrated in the porous membrane. The electrolyte includes an electrochromic material containing metal ions and a solvent, the metal ions enable reversible electrodeposition and dissolution, and metal of the metal ions is different from that used in the metal film. The preparation method includes preparing and assembling a working electrode, a gel electrolyte layer and a counter electrode. 1. A flexible variable emissivity electrochromic device , comprising a working electrode , a gel electrolyte layer , and a counter electrode sequentially from top to bottom; whereinthe working electrode comprises a flexible polymer film and a metal film, the flexible polymer film is a surface-modified film and/or a film with a transition layer plated on a lower side of the film, the metal film is deposited on the surface-modified film or the transition layer; andthe electrolyte layer comprises a porous membrane and an electrolyte, the electrolyte is infiltrated in the porous membrane; the electrolyte comprises an electrochromic material containing metal ions and a solvent, the metal ions enable a reversible electrodeposition and a dissolution, and a metal of the metal ions is different from a metal used in the metal film.2. The flexible variable emissivity electrochromic device according to claim 1 , wherein the flexible polymer film is at least one selected from the group consisting of ...

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Номер записи: 29
11-03-2021 дата публикации

SPECTACLE LENS COMPRISING AN ACTIVABLE OPTICAL FILTER

Номер: US20210072562A1
Автор: Archambeau Samuel, Arrouy Frederic, Ballet Jérôme, Cano Jean-Paul, Quere Loïc
Принадлежит: Essilor International

A spectacle lens including an activable optical filter, the activable optical filter being configured to be actively switched between at least three configurations, wherein in the first configuration, the color perception of the spectacle wearer is unaltered, in the second configuration the activable optical filter provides a specific filtering function, in the third configuration vision of the spectacle wearer is protected against glare. 1. A spectacle lens comprising an activable optical filter , the activable optical filter being configured to be actively switched between at least three configurations , whereinin the first configuration, the color perception of the spectacle wearer is unaltered and light transmitted through the activable optical filter has a chroma C*1 and hue h° 1,in the second configuration light transmitted through the activable optical filter has a chroma C*2 and hue h° 2,in the third configuration vision of the spectacle wearer is protected against glare and light transmitted through the activable optical filter has a chroma C*3 and hue h° 3, andthe chromaticity difference ΔChrom between (C*2, h° 2) and (C*3, h° 3) is larger than or equal to 20.2. The spectacle lens according to claim 1 , wherein in the first configuration the activable optical filter has a transmittance T1 greater than or equal to 80% and/or light transmitted through the activable optical filter has chroma C*1 smaller than or equal to 15.3. The spectacle lens according to claim 1 , wherein the first configuration corresponds to a non activated configuration of the activable optical filter.4. The spectacle lens according to claim 1 , wherein in the third configuration the activable optical filter has a transmittance T3 smaller than or equal to 8%.5. The spectacle lens according to claim 1 , wherein in the third configuration light transmitted through the activable optical filter has a neutral color or has a chromaticity difference ΔChrom between (C*1 claim 1 , h° 1) and (C*3 ...

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Номер записи: 30
19-03-2015 дата публикации

Electrochromic polyelectrolyte gel medium having improved creep resistance and associated electrochromic device

Номер: US20150076390A1
Автор: David A. Theiste, Leroy J. Kloeppner, Punam Giri, Rongguang Lin
Принадлежит: Gentex Corp

An electrochromic device including a first substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; a second substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; and an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates which includes: at least one solvent; at least one anodic electroactive material; at least one cathodic electroactive material; wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and a creep resistant crosslinked polyelectrolyte gel matrix.

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Номер записи: 31
26-03-2015 дата публикации

Glass strip as a seal

Номер: US20150084024A1
Автор: David A. Theiste, David J. Cammenga, Tammy G. Morgan, William L. Tonar
Принадлежит: Gentex Corp

An emissive display system includes an electro-optic device having a first substantially transparent substrate including first and second surfaces. At least one of the first and second surfaces includes a first electrically conductive layer. A second substantially transparent substrate includes third and fourth surfaces, at least one including a second electrically conductive layer. A primary seal between the second and third surfaces includes a first epoxy layer and a second epoxy layer. A gasket is disposed between the first and second epoxy layers. The seal and the first and second substrates define a substantially hermetic cavity therebetween. An electro-optic medium is disposed in the cavity and is variably transmissive such that the electro-optic device is operable between substantially clear and darkened states. A substantially transparent light emitting display is disposed adjacent to the electro-optic device, which is converted to the darkened state when the light emitting display is emitting light.

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Номер записи: 32
23-03-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC GRATING AND 3D DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20170082864A1
Автор: Chen Xi, CHEN Xiaochuan, Dong Xue, LI Changfeng, Wang Haisheng, Yang Ming, ZHAO Wenqing
Принадлежит:

The disclosure relates to a 3D display device. The 3D display device includes a display panel and an electrochromic grating that is located on a light output side of the display panel; wherein the electrochromic grating comprises: a first transparent electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer and a second transparent electrode layer that are overlapped on a substrate of the display panel in sequence. As the solid electrolyte layer is used replacing the process in prior art that an upper and lower glasses substrates are used to package the electrochromic grating and thus avoiding complex packaging process, the 3D display device can be thinned. Further, as the electrochromic grating is directly formed on the substrate of the display panel, alignment between the electrochromic grating and the sub-pixels in the display panel can be more simple and accurate. 1. An electrochromic grating configured to be disposed at a light output side of a display panel , the electrochromic grating comprising:a first transparent electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer and a second transparent electrode layer that are overlapped on a substrate of the display panel in sequence, the solid electrolyte layer having a high ion conductivity and a high transmission and being configured to supply ions to the electrochromic layer.2. The electrochromic grating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte layer is made of at least one solid lithium salt or solid polymer containing lithium.3. The electrochromic grating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': 3', '3, 'the solid electrolyte layer is made of solid lithium salt comprising LiNbOand/or LiTaO; or'}{'sub': 3', '3', '4', '2', '3, 'the solid electrolyte layer is made of solid polymer containing lithium that comprises PEO-LiCFSOand/or PEO-LiClO—AlO.'}4. The electrochromic grating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic grating further comprises an electrochromic storage ...

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Номер записи: 33
25-03-2021 дата публикации

OPTICAL MODULATOR

Номер: US20210088866A1
Автор: AH Chil Seong, KIM Jin Tae
Принадлежит:

Provided is an optical modulator. The optical modulator includes an optical waveguide device and an electrochromic device on the optical waveguide device. The optical waveguide device includes a cladding layer and a core layer extending in a first direction on the cladding layer. The electrochromic device includes a lower electrode on the core layer, an upper electrode facing the lower electrode, an electrolyte layer between the lower electrode and the upper electrode, and an electrochromic layer between the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer. 1. An optical modulator comprising:an optical waveguide device; andan electrochromic device on the optical waveguide device,wherein the optical waveguide device comprises:a cladding layer; anda core layer extending in a first direction on the cladding layer, andwherein the electrochromic device comprises:a lower electrode on the core layer;an upper electrode facing the lower electrode;an electrolyte layer between the lower electrode and the upper electrode; andan electrochromic layer between the lower electrode and the electrolyte layer.2. The optical modulator of claim 1 ,wherein the optical waveguide device comprises an input region, a modulation region, and an output region with respect to the first direction,wherein the modulation region is arranged between the input region and the output region.3. The optical modulator of claim 2 , wherein the electrochromic device is arranged on the modulation region.4. The optical modulator of claim 1 , wherein the cladding layer comprises silicon oxide (SiOx) claim 1 , silicon nitride (SiNx) claim 1 , polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) claim 1 , polyethylene (PE) claim 1 , polypropylene (PP) claim 1 , polystyrene (PS) claim 1 , polycarbonate (PC) claim 1 , cycloolefin copolymer (COC) claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.5. The optical modulator of claim 1 , wherein the core layer comprises single crystalline silicon claim 1 , polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) claim 1 , polyethylene (PE) claim ...

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Номер записи: 34
29-03-2018 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL MIRROR

Номер: US20180088428A1
Автор: KANG Ki Hyung, Kim Young Soo, Park Tae Soon
Принадлежит: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.

An electrochemical mirror is provided. The electrochemical mirror includes a first transparent electrode; a second transparent electrode spaced apart from the first transparent electrode; and an electrolyte layer formed of an electrolyte, and disposed between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, wherein the electrolyte includes an electro-depositable metal ion; a halogenated ionic liquid; and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of a compound having a sulfonate functional group and derivatives thereof. 1. An electrochemical mirror comprising:a first transparent electrode;a second transparent electrode spaced apart from the first transparent electrode; andan electrolyte layer comprising an electrolyte, and disposed between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, wherein the electrolyte comprises:an electro-depositable metal ion;a halogenated ionic liquid; andat least one additive selected from the group consisting of a compound having a sulfonate functional group and derivatives thereof.2. The electrochemical mirror according to claim 1 , wherein the halogenated ionic liquid comprises at least one halogenated ionic liquid selected from the group consisting of a pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid claim 1 , a pyridinium-based ionic liquid claim 1 , a piperidinium-based ionic liquid and an imidazolium-based ionic liquid.3. The electrochemical mirror according to claim 1 , further comprising a carbonate additive.4. The electrochemical mirror according to claim 3 , wherein the carbonate additive comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a vinylene carbonate (VC) claim 3 , a vinylethylene carbonate (VEC) claim 3 , a fluoro-ethylene carbonate (FEC) and a carbonate additive in which at least one hydrogen atom contained in the carbonate additive is substituted with a fluorine substituent.5. The electrochemical mirror according to claim 1 , wherein the compound having the ...

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Номер записи: 35
26-06-2014 дата публикации

Electrochromic devices

Номер: US20140177027A1
Автор: Anshu Pradhan, Robert T. Rozbicki, Zhongchun Wang
Принадлежит: View Inc

Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices.

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Номер записи: 36
12-05-2022 дата публикации

OPTICAL ELEMENT

Номер: US20220146899A1
Автор: HIRANO Tomoya
Принадлежит: STANLEY ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

An optical element according to some embodiments includes: a plurality of lower electrodes spread on a surface of a lower substrate and including first and second lower electrodes arranged adjacent in a first direction in the lower substrate plane; a plurality of upper electrodes spread on a surface of an upper substrate and including a first upper electrode that faces the first lower electrode and a second upper electrode that faces a portion of the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode; and a conductive member that is sandwiched between and electrically connects the first lower electrode and the second upper electrode, the conductive member being selectively disposed in an overlap region in which the first lower electrode and the second upper electrode overlap when the first lower electrode and the second upper electrode are projected on a virtual plane parallel to the lower substrate or the upper substrate. 1. An optical element comprising:a lower substrate and an upper substrate disposed facing each other;a plurality of lower electrodes provided so as to be spread on a surface of the lower substrate that faces the upper substrate, and including at least first and second lower electrodes arranged adjacent in a first direction in the lower substrate plane;a plurality of upper electrodes provided so as to be spread on a surface of the upper substrate that faces the lower substrate, and including at least a first upper electrode that faces the first lower electrode and a second upper electrode that faces a portion of the first lower electrode and the second lower electrode;a conductive member that is sandwiched between the first lower electrode and the second upper electrode and that electrically connects the first lower electrode to the second upper electrode, the conductive member being selectively disposed in an overlap region in which the first lower electrode and the second upper electrode overlap when the first lower electrode and the second ...

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Номер записи: 37
06-04-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE CONTAINING DISTRIBUTED BRAGG REFLECTOR CONFIGURED TO SELECTIVELY REFLECT UV RADIATION

Номер: US20170097551A1
Автор: GARCIA Guillermo, Holt Jason, THOMSEN Scott
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device and method, the device including a light transmissive first substrate, a working electrode disposed on the first substrate, a counter electrode, a solid state electrolyte layer disposed between the counter electrode and the working electrode, a light transmissive second substrate disposed on the counter electrode, and a Bragg reflector configured to selectively reflect UV radiation away from the working electrode. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:a light transmissive first substrate;a working electrode disposed over the first substrate;a counter electrode;a solid state electrolyte layer disposed between the counter electrode and the working electrode;a light transmissive second substrate disposed over the counter electrode; anda Bragg reflector configured to selectively reflect UV radiation away from the working electrode.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the Bragg reflector comprises:first layers having a first index of refraction; andsecond layers alternately stacked with the first layers and having a second index of refraction that is different than the first index of refraction.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein:{'sub': '2', 'the first layers comprise TiO; and'}{'sub': '2', 'the second layers comprise SiO.'}4. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the first layers and the second layers comprise different materials selected from TiO claim 2 , SiO claim 2 , ZnO claim 2 , ZnAlO claim 2 , and ZnSnO.5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising a first transparent conductor disposed between the Bragg reflector and the working electrode.6. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising a second transparent conductor disposed between the Bragg reflector and the working electrode.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising:a first transparent conductor disposed between the working electrode and the first substrate; anda second transparent conductor ...

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Номер записи: 38
26-03-2020 дата публикации

Deep Eutectic Solvent Compositions

Номер: US20200095400A1
Автор: McCune Jade A., Scherman Oren A.
Принадлежит:

Disclosed herein are compositions of a deep eutectic solvent with a host, such as a supramolecular host, and the use of the composition to form a composition comprising the host in complex with one or more guests. The deep eutectic solvent provides an alternative medium to the aqueous-based media that have been used in the art to date. Also disclosed are compositions of a deep eutectic solvent with a redox-active compound, such as a viologen compound, and the use of the composition, for example, in a smart window or for agricultural use, such as in an agricultural product. 1. A composition comprising a deep eutectic solvent and a macrocyclic host.2. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising the deep eutectic solvent and the macrocyclic host in complex with one or more guests.3. (canceled)4. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the host is selected from the group consisting of cucurbituril claim 1 , cyclodextrin claim 1 , calix[n]arene claim 1 , and crown ether.5. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein the host is a cucurbituril host selected from the group consisting of CB[5] claim 4 , C[6] claim 4 , CB[7] and CB[8] or a cyclodextrin host selected from the group consisting of α- claim 4 , β- and γ-cyclodextrin.6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein the deep eutectic solvent is a Type III deep eutectic solvent claim 1 , which comprises a first component that is an ionic species and a second component that is a hydrogen bond donor.10. The composition according to claim 9 , wherein the ionic species comprises an ammonium claim 9 , phosphonium or sulfonium cation claim 9 , and a Lewis base anion.11. (canceled)12. The composition according to claim 10 , wherein the ionic species comprises an ammonium cation selected from the group consisting of choline chloride claim 10 , ethylammonium chloride claim 10 , N-ethyl-2-hydroxy-N claim 10 ,N-dimethylethanaminium chloride claim 10 , 2-(chlorocarbonyloxy ...

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Номер записи: 39
08-04-2021 дата публикации

ELECTRO-OPTIC ELEMENTS AND METHOD OF FORMING

Номер: US20210103194A1
Автор: Kloeppner Leroy J.
Принадлежит:

An electro-optic element includes a first electroactive compartment including an electroactive film having a first electroactive component and a second electroactive compartment including an electroactive solution or gel having a second electroactive component. An ion selective material is disposed between the first and second electroactive compartments and is configured to inhibit diffusion of the second electroactive component in an activated state from the second electroactive compartment to the first electroactive compartment. At least one of the first and second electroactive components is electrochromic such that the electro-optic element is configured to reversibly attenuate transmittance of light having a wavelength within a predetermined wavelength range when an electrical potential is applied to the electro-optic element. 1. An electro-optic element , comprising:a first electroactive compartment comprising an electroactive film including a first electroactive component, wherein the first electroactive compartment is disposed adjacent a first electrically conductive layer;a second electroactive compartment disposed adjacent a second electrically conductive layer and comprising an electroactive solution or gel including a second electroactive component, and wherein the second electroactive component is changeable from an inactivated state to an activated state upon application of a predetermined electrical potential across the first and second electrically conductive layers; andan ion selective material disposed between the first and second electroactive compartments, wherein the ion selective material is configured to inhibit diffusion of the second electroactive component in the activated state from the second electroactive compartment to the first electroactive compartment, andwherein at least one of the first electroactive component and second electroactive component is electrochromic such that the electro-optic element is configured to reversibly ...

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Номер записи: 40
02-06-2022 дата публикации

ELECTRO-OPTIC ELEMENT WITH ADDITIVE

Номер: US20220171245A1
Автор: Kloeppner Leroy J., Tonar William L.
Принадлежит: GENTEX CORPORATION

An electro-optic element having enhanced durability by the addition of an additive. The additive may enhance the durability of the electro-optic element by reducing or eliminating the effects of water on species with the electro-optic element, such as the electrolyte. Specifically, the additive may operate to reduce or eliminate the formation and/or accumulation of hydrogen fluoride within the electro-optic element by interaction of the electrolyte with water or alcohol molecules. In some embodiments, the additive may be an organosilicon species, such as (3-cyanopropyl) dimethylfluorosilane. 1. A device comprising:a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface;a second substrate having a third surface and a fourth surface, the second substrate disposed in a spaced apart relationship relative the first substrate;a first electrode associated with the second surface;a second electrode associated with the third surface;an electrolyte species disposed between the first and second electrodes;an additive disposed between the first and second electrodes, the additive operable to inhibit at least one of the production and the accumulation of hydrogen fluoride or fluoride ions by interaction of the electrolyte with water; andan electro-optic medium disposed between the first and second electrodes, the electro-optic medium operable between substantially activated and substantially un-activated states based, at least in part, on exposure to an electrical potential.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the additive is an organosilicon species.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the organosilicon species is (3-cyanopropyl) dimethylfluorosilane.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte species comprises a hydrolysable fluoride containing anion.5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the anion is tetrafluoroborate.6. The device of claim 4 , wherein the anion is hexafluorophosphate.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the operation between the substantially activated ...

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Номер записи: 41
20-04-2017 дата публикации

VARIABLE TRANSMITTANCE OPTICAL FILTER WITH SUBSTANTIALLY CO-PLANAR ELECTRODE SYSTEM

Номер: US20170108753A1
Автор: Branda Neil Robin, Lam Duhane
Принадлежит:

A variable transmittance optical filter comprising: a first layer comprising a first substantially transparent substrate with a substantially co-planar (SC) electrode system disposed thereon, the SC electrode system made of transparent electrically conductive material and comprising at least one pair of electrically separate electrodes arranged in a substantially co-planar manner on the first substantially transparent substrate, each pair of electrically separate electrodes comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, a second layer proximate to the first layer and comprising a transition material that darkens in response to a non-electrical stimulus and lightens in response to application of an electric voltage; and an electrical connection system for electrically connecting the SC electrode system to a source of electric voltage. 154-. (canceled)55. A variable transmittance optical filter comprising:a) a first layer comprising a first substantially transparent substrate with a substantially co-planar (SC) electrode system pattern disposed thereon, the SC electrode system made of transparent electrically conductive material and comprising at least one pair of electrically separate electrodes arranged in a substantially co-planar manner on the first substantially transparent substrate, each pair of electrically separate electrodes comprising a first electrode and a second electrode,b) a second layer proximate to the first layer and comprising a transition material comprising a compound that is both photochromic and electrochromic, and that darkens in response to a non-electrical stimulus and lightens in response to application of an electric voltage; andc) an electrical connection system for electrically connecting the SC electrode system to a source of electric voltage.56. The variable transmittance optical filter of claim 55 , wherein the optical filter further comprises a second substantially transparent substrate.57. The variable transmittance optical ...

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Номер записи: 42
29-04-2021 дата публикации

DISPLAY PANEL, CONTROL METHOD THEREOF AND DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20210124227A1
Автор: FANG Jingzhe, LI RUI, LIU Mingxing, MIAO Hao, Sun Haiyan, WANG Yajie, ZHANG Pengju, Zhu Hong
Принадлежит:

A display including a first substrate, a first electrochromic layer, a light emitting layer, a second electrochromic layer and a second substrate that are sequentially stacked are provided. A display area of the display panel includes a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array, the first electrochromic layer includes a plurality of first sub-electrochromic layers corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixels, and the second electrochromic layer includes a plurality of second sub-electrochromic layers corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixels, each first sub-electrochromic layer and each second sub-electrochromic layer are configured to switch between a light-transmissive state and a light-shielding state in response to an external voltage. The display panel can switch between a double-sided display state and a single-sided display state, meanwhile a phenomenon of mirror images can be avoided in case of double-sided display state. 1. A display panel comprising a first substrate , a first electrochromic layer , a light emitting layer , a second electrochromic layer and a second substrate sequentially stacked ,wherein a display area of the display panel comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array, the first electrochromic layer comprises a plurality of first sub-electrochromic layers corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixels, and the second electrochromic layer comprises a plurality of second sub-electrochromic layers corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixels,wherein each first sub-electrochromic layer of the plurality of first sub-electrochromic layers and each second sub-electrochromic layer of the plurality of second sub-electrochromic layers are configured to switch between a light-transmissive state and a light-shielding state in response to an external voltage.2. The display panel according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first sub-electrochromic layer and the second sub-electrochromic layer comprises a first electrode layer claim 1 , a ...

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Номер записи: 43
26-04-2018 дата публикации

Electrochromic media and devices with multiple color states

Номер: US20180112127A1
Автор: Kelvin L. Baumann, Sue F. Franz
Принадлежит: Gentex Corp

An electrochromic medium includes a solvent, a first pair of a first anodic material and a first cathodic material, and at least one of a second anodic material and a second cathodic material. At least one of the first anodic material and the first cathodic material is an electrochromic absorbing in the visible range, and at least one of the second anodic material and the second cathodic material is electrochromic absorbing in the visible range.

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Номер записи: 44
26-04-2018 дата публикации

Electrochromic element, display device and driving method thereof

Номер: US20180113366A1
Автор: Fuminari Kaneko, Hidekazu Yaginuma, Keiichiroh Yutani, Koh Fujimura, Mamiko Inoue, Takahiko Matsumoto, Tohru Yashiro
Принадлежит: Ricoh Co Ltd

An electrochromic element includes first and second display electrodes arranged at intervals and opposed to each other, at least one of the first and second display electrodes being transparent; an electrolyte provided between the first and second display electrodes; a first electrochromic layer including at least one of an oxidized electrochromic compound and an oxidized electrochromic composition, and contacting the first display electrode and the electrolyte; a second electrochromic layer including at least one of a reduced electrochromic compound and a reduced electrochromic composition, and contacting the second display electrode and the electrolyte; third and fourth auxiliary electrodes contacting the electrolyte; a reduction layer provided on the third auxiliary electrode and including a reductant of a first material; and an oxidation layer provided on the fourth auxiliary electrode and including an oxidant of a second material. The first and second materials can be oxidized and reduced reversibly.

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Номер записи: 45
09-06-2022 дата публикации

ILLUMINATION DEVICE AND DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20220179271A1
Автор: Mitsui Masashi
Принадлежит:

According to one embodiment, an illumination device includes an electrochromic element and light sources. The electrochromic element includes a first transparent substrate, a first transparent electrode provided on the first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate opposing the first transparent substrate, projections provided on the second transparent substrate and projecting toward the first transparent substrate, a second transparent electrode provided on a part of the projection and an electrolyte layer provided between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate and containing an electrochromic material including a reflective material capable of oxidation-reduction. 1. An illumination device comprising:an electrochromic element; andlight sources provided on a side edge of the electrochromic element,the electrochromic element comprising:a first transparent substrate;a first transparent electrode provided on the first transparent substrate;a second transparent substrate opposing the first transparent substrate;projections provided on the second transparent substrate and projecting toward the first transparent substrate;a second transparent electrode provided on a part of each of the projections; andan electrolyte layer provided between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate and containing an electrochromic material including a reflective material capable of oxidation-reduction.2. The illumination device of claim 1 , whereinthe projections include a first slope on a side facing the light sources and a second slope on an opposite side to the first slope, andthe second transparent electrode is provided on the first slope and uncovers the second slope.3. The illumination device of claim 1 , further comprising:a first transparent layer provided on the first transparent substrate; anda second transparent layer provided on the second transparent substrate,whereina refractive index of the first ...

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Номер записи: 46
03-05-2018 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES AND RELATED PRODUCTS AND METHODS

Номер: US20180120660A1
Автор: McFADDEN Judith, SNOW Timothy, Tenent Robert C.
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device may be switchable between a transparent state and at least one reflective state. A lithium-containing reflective feature may form when the electrochromic device is switched from the transparent state to the reflective state. Various products and methods may involve the electrochromic device. 158-. (canceled)59. An electrochromic product , comprising:a rigid transparent window sheet; andan electrochromic device, comprising: a lithium ion storage layer;', 'an ion conductor layer;', 'an electrically conductive transparent metallic layer; and', 'a second electrically conductive transparent layer disposed on a side of the lithium ion storage layer opposite the ion conductor layer;, 'a stack of film layers that is switchable between a reflective state and a transparent state through application of an electrical potential across the stack, the stack comprising at least the followingwherein:when the stack is switched from the transparent state to the reflective state, lithium ions move from the lithium ion storage layer into the ion conductor layer and a reflective feature forms adjacent the electrically conductive transparent metallic layer;when the stack is switched from the reflective state to the transparent state, the reflective feature is removed and lithium ions move from the ion conductor layer into the lithium ion storage layer;when the stack is in the transparent state, the stack consists essentially of only the following layers disposed between the electrically conductive transparent metallic layer and the second electrically conductive transparent layer: the lithium ion storage layer and the ion conductor layer;the electrically conductive transparent metallic layer has transmissivity to visible light at a wavelength of 550 nm of at least 50 percent;when the stack is in the transparent state, the stack has transmissivity to visible light at a wavelength of 550 nm of at least 40 percent through a portion of the stack including the ...

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Номер записи: 47
03-05-2018 дата публикации

Electrochromic Filtering in a Camera

Номер: US20180120661A1
Автор: Adam Scott Kilgore, Amber Luttmann Volmering
Принадлежит: Google LLC

This application is directed to controlling a camera that includes an electrochromic glass layer. The electrochromic glass layer is disposed in front of a sensor array of the camera and has optical transmission properties that are responsive to voltage applied to the electrochromic glass layer. In accordance with a determination to transition the camera mode to a Day mode, a camera controller generates a first voltage, which is then applied to the electrochromic glass layer to cause the lens assembly to enter a first transmission state. In response to the first voltage, the electrochromic glass layer removes a substantial portion of a predefined band of infrared wavelengths in ambient light incident on the camera, and simultaneously passes by the electrochromic glass layer a substantial portion of visible wavelengths in the ambient light, thereby exposing the sensor array to the substantial portion of the visible wavelengths of the ambient light.

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Номер записи: 48
25-04-2019 дата публикации

UV Dosimeter with Color Change

Номер: US20190120688A1
Автор: BLANKENBURG Lars, Konkin Gulnara, Schache Hannes, SCHRÖDNER Mario
Принадлежит:

The invention discloses a flexible, energy-self-sufficient UV dosimeter which optically indicates the absorbed dose on the basis of the intensity and duration of the irradiation via a color change. The invention contains one or more UV dosimeter modules. Exemplary UV dosimeter modules include at least one UV-sensitive photodiode (common electrode (11), hole conductor layer (21), UV absorber layer (22), cathode (23)) and an electrochromic element (common electrode (11), ion storage layer (12), electrolyte layer (13), electrochromic layer made of redox active material (14), transparent electrode (15)), between which an insulator (4) and a conductor track (5) are arranged. The electrochromic element accumulates the charge generated by the UV-sensitive photodiode and indicates this by means of a color change. The UV dosimeter can be produced as an integrated circuit using thin-film technology by successively applying and structuring organic or inorganic functional layers. 1. A flexible , energy self-sufficient UV dosimeter which optically displays the absorbed dose by a color change as a function of intensity and duration of the exposure , and which can function without an additional energy sourcewherein said dosimeter consists of one or more UV dosimeter modules, each UV dosimeter module comprising one or more UV-sensitive photodiode(s) and an electrochromic element, which are arranged on a common electrode, and the electrochromic element accumulates the charge generated by the UV-sensitive photodiode and displays this accumulated charge by a color change.2. The UV dosimeter as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the common electrode is a layer of a transparent metal oxide on a transparent flexible substrate claim 1 , on which further layers are arranged claim 1 ,with the further layers of the UV-sensitive photodiode being a layer of a polymeric hole conductor material, a semiconducting UV absorber layer and a cathode;the further layers of the electrochromic element being an ...

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Номер записи: 49
11-05-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20170131609A1
Автор: Hirano Shigenobu, HORIUCHI Tamotsu, Inoue Mamiko, Kim Sukchan, Naijo Yoshihisa, Okada Yoshinori, Sagisaka Toshiya, Takahashi Hiroyuki, Tsuji Kazuaki, YASHIRO Tohru, YUTANI Keiichiroh
Принадлежит: RICOH COMANY, LTD.

Provided is an electrochromic display device, including: a pair of electrodes facing each other; an electrochromic layer provided to one of the pair of electrodes: and an electrolytic solution layer provided between the electrodes facing each other, wherein the electrochromic display device includes an yttrium-containing metal oxide layer between the electrochromic layer and the electrode to which the electrochromic layer is provided. 1. An electrochromic display device , comprising:a pair of electrodes facing each other:an electrochromic layer provided to one of the pair of electrodes; andan electrolytic solution layer provided between the electrodes facing each other,wherein the electrochromic display device comprises a metal oxide layer that comprises yttrium, wherein the metal oxide layer is between the electrochromic layer and the electrode to which the electrochromic layer is provided.2. The electrochromic display device according to claim 1 ,wherein one of the pair of electrodes is composed of a display substrate and a display electrode provided over the display substrate, and the other of the pair of electrodes is composed of: a counter substrate provided to face the display substrate; and a counter electrode provided over the counter substrate.3. The electrochromic display device according to claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide layer that comprises yttrium comprises yttrium oxide.4. The electrochromic display device according to claim 3 ,wherein a content of the yttrium oxide in the metal oxide layer is 10 mol % or higher.5. An electrochromic display device claim 3 , comprising:a display substrate;a plurality of display electrodes provided over the display substrate and provided over different planes respectively;a plurality of electrochromic layers provided over the plurality of display electrodes respectively;a counter substrate provided to face the display substrate;counter electrodes provided over the counter substrate; andan electrolytic solution layer ...

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Номер записи: 50
28-05-2015 дата публикации

Bistable Electrochemical Mirror

Номер: US20150146276A1
Автор: Chihyun Park, Eunkyoung Kim, Hai jin Shin
Принадлежит: University Industry Foundation UIF of Yonsei University

The present invention relates to a switchable infrared ray-visible ray reflection electrochemical mirror having high electrochemical stability and bistability, in which a stripping phenomenon of a metal thin film can be prevented and bistability can be improved through a process of increasing electrochemical stability of a reflective film from an electrode composition and an ionic liquid electrolyte composition having various compositions. In the proposed electrochemical mirror apparatus, since the metal thin film formed by electric reduction is not stripped from a transparent electrode through a surface treatment process, a more stable apparatus can be provided, and even though a voltage is not applied to the metal thin film, the thin film is prevented from being oxidized by using an optimized ionic liquid electrolyte, thus providing the effective electrochemical mirror apparatus where the metal thin film is continuously maintained.

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Номер записи: 51
07-05-2020 дата публикации

COOKING APPARATUS

Номер: US20200141589A1
Автор: KIM Kyoung Mok, Kim Seulkiro, Lee Jong Ho, Lim Jung Soo, PARK Sun Hee
Принадлежит:

A cooking apparatus capable of satisfying a heat reflection function while securing a transmittance by applying a variable layer to a glass sheet forming a door includes a cooking chamber, and a door configured to open and close the cooking chamber and provided with a plurality of glass sheets, the door including a variable layer provided on at least one of the plurality of glass sheets and a visible light transmittance variable depending on a temperature. 1. A cooking apparatus comprising:a cooking chamber; anda door configured to open and close the cooking chamber and provided with a plurality of glass sheets, the door comprising a variable layer provided on at least one of the plurality of glass sheets and including a visible light transmittance variable depending on a temperature.2. The cooking apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the variable layer comprises a thermochromic material.3. The cooking apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the variable layer comprises at least one of VO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , NbO claim 1 , NiS claim 1 , or FeSi.4. The cooking apparatus of claim 3 , wherein:{'sub': 2', '3', '2, 'the variable layer of a first glass sheet of the at least one of the plurality of glass sheets that is nearest to an inside of the cooking chamber includes at least one of TiOor NbO; and'}{'sub': '2', 'the variable layer of a second glass sheet of the at least one of the plurality of glass sheets that is nearest to an outside of the cooking chamber includes VO.'}5. The cooking apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the door comprises a heat reflective coating layer and the variable layer provided on at least one of the plurality of glass sheets.6. The cooking apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the variable layer is provided on a glass sheet farthest from the cooking chamber among the plurality of glass sheets.7. The cooking apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the door comprises a heat reflective coating layer provided on at least one of the plurality of glass sheets.8. The cooking ...

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Номер записи: 52
07-05-2020 дата публикации

Dynamic Glass and Method of Formation

Номер: US20200142273A1
Автор: BARILE Christopher J., HERNANDEZ Tyler S., MCGEHEE Michael David, SLOTCAVAGE Daniel J., STRAND Michael T.
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure enables high contrast, fast, uniform, and color-neutral dynamic-glass elements based on uniform and reversible electrodeposition of metals a surface of the element. Elements in accordance with the present disclosure include a surface-modified transparent-conductor-based window electrode, wherein the surface modification of the window electrode includes a nucleation layer that is anchored to the transparent conductor via a non-metallic adhesion layer. In some embodiments, a plurality of traces is disposed on and electrically connected to the window electrode to reduce the voltage drop across the total area of the element, where the traces have a core made of a low-resistivity material. 1100. A dynamic-glass element () comprising:{'b': 104', '116', '112', '114, 'a first electrode () that includes a first layer (), a transparent conductor (), and a non-metallic adhesion layer () that is operative for adhering to each of the first layer and the transparent conductor;'}{'b': '106', 'a second electrode (); and'}{'b': '108', 'an electrolyte () that is located between the first and second electrodes.'}2. The dynamic-glass element of claim 1 , wherein the first layer comprises a plurality of metal particles whose size is less than or equal to one hundred nanometers.3. The dynamic-glass element of claim 1 , wherein the adhesion layer is a self-assembled monolayer.4. The dynamic-glass element of claim 3 , wherein the adhesion layer comprises a material selected from the group consisting of thiols claim 3 , silanes claim 3 , phosphonic acids claim 3 , mercapto-organic acids claim 3 , cyanic acids claim 3 , phosphoric acid claim 3 , and amino acids.5902. The dynamic-glass element of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode further comprises a plurality of traces () that are electrically coupled with the transparent conductor claim 1 , wherein the plurality of traces is distributed throughout a first region of the first electrode.6906908. The dynamic-glass ...

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Номер записи: 53
07-05-2020 дата публикации

Electrochemical device comprising carbon quantum dot ionic compound electrolyte

Номер: US20200144671A1
Автор: Hong Chul Lim
Принадлежит: Graphenide Technology Co Ltd

The present invention relates to an electrochemical device, more particularly to an electrochemical device including a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode and an electrolyte filled between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the electrolyte comprises a salt form of a carbon quantum dot anion and a metal cation having an average diameter in the range of 2 to 12 nanometers (nm) and a surface potential of −20 mV or less, the present invention provides an electrochemical device dramatically improving reliability, performance and durability by adopting an carbon quantum dot ion compound electrolyte having selective ion conductivity with a specific cation and suppressing side reactions caused by electrolyte as well as applicable in liquid, gel or solid phase.

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Номер записи: 54
07-06-2018 дата публикации

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES

Номер: US20180157139A1
Автор: Franz Sue, GIRI PUNAM, Kloeppner Leroy J., LIN RONGGUANG, Theiste David A.
Принадлежит:

An energy storage device includes a cathodic material in an activated state; and an anodic material in an activated state; wherein: the cathodic material is a viologen covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material in the activated state; and the anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material in the activated state. 1. A energy storage device comprising:a cathodic material in an activated state; andan anodic material in an activated state;wherein:the cathodic material is a viologen covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material in the activated state; andthe anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material in the activated state.2. The energy storage device of that exhibits an open circuit voltage of 0.2 V to 1.2 V.3. The energy storage device of that exhibits an open circuit voltage of 0.6 V to 0.8 V.4. The energy storage device of further comprising an electrolyte.5. The energy storage device of claim 4 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a solvent and a metal salt or an ammonium salt.6. A energy storage device comprising:a first cell comprising an anodic material;a second cell comprising a cathodic material;a porous separator isolating the first cell from the second cell; and the anodic material is ...

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Номер записи: 55
14-05-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC FILMS WITH EDGE PROTECTION

Номер: US20200150507A1
Автор: Chen Zhao, WANG Jian, Zhou Yan
Принадлежит:

The present application discloses a method for preparing an electrochromic device. The method includes placing an edge protection material on a first and second substrates, placing a first and second interlayers respectively within the edge protection material on the first and second substrates, wherein the edge protection material surrounds edges of the first and second interlayers, and interposing an electrochromic film between the first and second interlayers. The edge protection material prevents chemicals in the first and second interlayers from entering into the electrochromic film. 1. A method for preparing an electrochromic device , comprising:placing an edge protection material on a first and second substrates;placing a first and second interlayers respectively within the edge protection material on the first and second substrates, wherein the edge protection material surrounds edges of the first and second interlayers; andinterposing an electrochromic film between the first and second interlayers, wherein the edge protection material prevents chemicals in the first and second interlayers from entering into the electrochromic film.2. The method of further comprising:pressing the first and second substrates toward each other and heating the first and second interlayers to fix the electrochromic film between the first and second substrates.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic film comprises:a first electrode,a second electrode,an electrochromic material deposited on at least the first electrode,a charge storage layer deposited on the second electrode, anda solid polymer electrolyte disposed between the electrochromic material and the charge storage layer.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second interlayers are made from polyvinyl butyral (PVB).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second interlayers are made from UV Extraprotect PVB.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second substrates are transparent.7. ...

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Номер записи: 56
24-06-2021 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20210191215A1
Автор: Pradhan Anshu A., Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically-insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically-insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. 1. An integrated deposition system for fabricating an electrochromic window , the system comprising:a) a plurality of closely associated sputter targets operable to pass a substrate from one sputter to the next without exposing the substrate to an external environment, wherein the plurality of closely associated sputter targets comprise (i) a first sputter target containing a material source for depositing an electrochromic material; and (ii) a second sputter target containing a material source for depositing a counter electrode material; andb) a controller containing program instructions for passing the substrate by the plurality of closely associated sputter targets in a manner that deposits on the substrate a single layer graded composition including: (i) an electrochromic region and (ii) a counter electrode region.2. The system of claim 1 , operable to pass the substrate past the plurality of closely associated sputter targets without breaking vacuum.3. The system of claim 1 , configured to deposit the single layer graded composition on an architectural glass substrate of at least six feet by ten feet.4. The system of claim 3 , further comprising a substrate holder and transport mechanism operable to hold the architectural glass substrate in a ...

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Номер записи: 57
24-06-2021 дата публикации

Optically switchable windows for selectively impeding propagation of light from an artificial source

Номер: US20210191218A1
Автор: John Gordon Halbert MATHEW, Nigel Gormly, Nitesh Trikha, Robert T. Rozbicki
Принадлежит: View Inc

A tintable window is described having a tintable coating, e.g., an electrochromic device coating, for regulating or blocking light transmitted through the window. In some embodiments, the window can receive, transmit and/or regulate wireless communication that uses electromagnetic waves as a communication medium. In some cases, a window can receive or transmit infrared, visible, or ultraviolet wireless light fidelity (LiFi) signals. A window can be configured, in some cases selectively configured, for blocking radiation and/or signals generated by LiFi, radio frequency (RF), laser or other devices from passing through the window. Windows configured for blocking signals may be configured as a communication firewall between an interior environment and an exterior environment, or vice-versa. Networks of tintable windows can communicate via LiFi and provide a communications network through which other devices, such as personal computing devices, can be connected to the internet or a remote network.

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Номер записи: 58
15-06-2017 дата публикации

Color filter and liquid crystal panel

Номер: US20170168365A1
Автор: Hsiaohsien Chen, Xiaoping YU
Принадлежит: Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd

The present invention provides a color filter and a liquid crystal display. The color filter comprises a substrate, and a color resist layer and a black matrix positioned on the substrate, and the color resist layer comprises a plurality of pixel areas aligned in array, and the plurality of pixel areas are separated by the black matrix, and the pixel area comprises a sub pixel main area and a sub pixel sub area, and two sides of the sub pixel sub area are respectively provided with a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode electrically coupled thereto; the sub pixel sub area is made by electrochromic material, and by adjusting voltage signals applied to the two sides of the sub pixel sub area with the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, color variation of the sub pixel sub area is controlled to achieve switch of the color filter between high color saturation and high brightness display modes. The liquid crystal panel of the present invention is provided with the color filter capable of achieving switch of the color filter between high color saturation and high brightness display modes to satisfy the display requirement of high color saturation and high brightness at the same time.

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Номер записи: 59
29-09-2022 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC CATHODE MATERIALS

Номер: US20220308416A1
Автор: Kailasam Sridhar Karthik, Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Various embodiments herein relate to electrochromic devices and electrochromic device precursors, as well as methods and apparatus for fabricating such electrochromic devices and electrochromic device precursors. In certain embodiments, the electrochromic device or precursor may include one or more particular materials such as a particular electrochromic material and/or a particular counter electrode material. In various implementations, the electrochromic material includes tungsten molybdenum oxide. In these or other implementation, the counter electrode material may include nickel tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten tantalum oxide, nickel tungsten niobium oxide, nickel tungsten tin oxide, or another material. 1. An electrochromic device or an electrochromic device precursor , comprising:a first electrically conductive layer having a thickness between about 10-500 nm;{'sub': 1-x', 'x', 'y, 'an electrochromic layer comprising an electrochromic material comprising tungsten molybdenum oxide having a composition of WMoO, wherein x is between about 0.05-0.30 and y is between about 2.5-4.5, the electrochromic layer having a thickness between about 100-500 nm;'}a counter electrode layer comprising a counter electrode material comprising nickel tungsten oxide, the counter electrode layer having a thickness between about 100-500 nm; anda second electrically conductive layer having a thickness between about 100-400 nm,wherein the electrochromic layer and the counter electrode layer are positioned between the first electrically conductive layer and the second electrically conductive layer, and wherein the electrochromic device is all solid state and inorganic.2. The electrochromic device or electrochromic device precursor of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer is nanocrystalline.3. The electrochromic device or electrochromic device precursor of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer is amorphous.4. The electrochromic device or electrochromic device precursor of claim 1 ...

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Номер записи: 60
01-07-2021 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

Номер: US20210200050A1
Автор: Kubo Wataru, Saeki Kazuho
Принадлежит:

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, an electrochromic element comprises: a first electrode; a second electrode; a peripheral seal disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an electrochromic layer disposed in a space defined by the first electrode, the second electrode, and the peripheral seal, wherein the electrochromic layer includes an anodic electrochromic compound and a cathodic electrochromic compound, wherein the peripheral seal is an anode preferential peripheral seal that takes preference of oxidation reaction of anodic electrochromic compound near the peripheral seal, and wherein the anodic electrochromic compound in the electrochromic layer has a concentration greater than a concentration of the cathodic electrochromic compound. 1. An electrochromic element comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;a peripheral seal disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; andan electrochromic layer disposed in a space defined by the first electrode, the second electrode, and the peripheral seal,wherein the electrochromic layer includes an anodic electrochromic compound and a cathodic electrochromic compound,wherein the peripheral seal is an anode preferential peripheral seal that takes preference of oxidation reaction of the anodic electrochromic compound near the peripheral seal, andwherein the anodic electrochromic compound in the electrochromic layer has a concentration greater than a concentration of the cathodic electrochromic compound.2. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer has a concentration ratio of the anodic electrochromic compound to the cathodic electrochromic compound less than 2.3. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer has a concentration ratio of the anodic electrochromic compound to the cathodic electrochromic compound greater than 1.2 and less than 1.8.4. An electrochromic element comprising:a ...

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Номер записи: 61
22-06-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20170176832A1
Автор: Pradhan Anshu A., Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically-insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically-insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. 1. An electrochromic device comprising a stack comprising one or more cathodically tinting electrochromic layers comprising an electrochromic material and one or more anodically tinting counter electrode layers comprising a counter electrode material , wherein the stack was fabricated by a process comprising:(a) depositing the one or more cathodically tinting electrochromic layers or the one or more anodically tinting counter electrode layers on a substrate;(b) depositing the other of the one or more cathodically tinting electrochromic layers and the one or more anodically tinting counter electrode layers deposited in (a), without depositing an electronically-insulating and ionically-conductive material layer therebetween; and then(c) depositing lithium metal on the stack to expose at least one of the cathodically tinting electrochromic layers and the one or more anodically tinting counter electrode layers to lithium.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the depositing in (a) comprises:forming a first sub-layer of the electrochromic material or the counter electrode material, and then forming a sub-second layer of the same material; wherein the second sub-layer comprises an oxygen rich form of said same material and contacts the other of the ...

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Номер записи: 62
22-06-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE AND ELECTROCHROMIC DIMMING DEVICE

Номер: US20170176833A1
Автор: GOTO Shun, Katano Yasuo, Kim Sukchan, Matsumoto Takahiko, OHSHIMA Atsushi, TAKEUCHI Kohji, Yaginuma Hidekazu, YASHIRO Tohru, YUTANI Keiichiroh
Принадлежит: RICOH COMPANY, LTD.

An electrochromic device including: first substrate; first electrode-layer on the first substrate; electrochromic layer on the first electrode-layer; second substrate facing the first substrate; second electrode-layer formed on surface of the second substrate at side of the first substrate; electrolyte layer formed between the electrochromic layer and the second electrode-layer and curable at least with ultraviolet rays; first extraction electrode to electrically connect between the first electrode-layer and power source and including region that does not transmit ultraviolet rays in at least part of the first extraction electrode; and second extraction electrode to electrically connect between the second electrode-layer and the power source and including region that does not transmit ultraviolet rays in at least part of the second extraction electrode, the region in the first extraction electrode and the region in the second extraction electrode being arranged not to overlap with each other. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a first substrate;a first electrode layer formed on the first substrate;an electrochromic layer formed on the first electrode layer;a second substrate facing the first substrate;a second electrode layer formed on a surface of the second substrate at a side of the first substrate;an electrolyte layer, which is formed between the electrochromic layer and the second electrode layer, and is curable at least with ultraviolet rays;a first extraction electrode, which is configured to electrically connect between the first electrode layer and a power source, and includes a region that does not transmit ultraviolet rays in at least part of the first extraction electrode; anda second extraction electrode, which is configured to electrically connect between the second electrode layer and the power source, and includes a region that does not transmit ultraviolet rays in at least part of the second extraction electrode,wherein the region that does not ...

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Номер записи: 63
06-06-2019 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE, OPTICAL FILTER, LENS UNIT, IMAGING APPARATUS, WINDOW MEMBER, AND DRIVING METHOD

Номер: US20190171077A1
Автор: Igawa Satoshi, Kubo Wataru, Yamada Kenji
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device according to the present disclosure includes an electrochromic element that includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrochromic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The electrochromic layer contains an anodic electrochromic compound and an oxidizable substance. The oxidizable substance is a substance which substantially does not undergo a color change due to oxidation and whose oxidant is not reduced. An oxidation reaction of the oxidizable substance is less likely to occur than an oxidation reaction of the anodic electrochromic compound. A controller is configured to control oxidation of the oxidizable substance based on a charge balance of the electrochromic element. 1. An electrochromic device comprising: a first electrode,', 'a second electrode, and', 'an electrochromic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and, 'an electrochromic element includinga controller for the electrochromic element,wherein the electrochromic layer contains an anodic electrochromic compound and an oxidizable substance,the oxidizable substance is a substance which substantially does not undergo a color change due to oxidation and whose oxidant is not reduced,an oxidation reaction of the oxidizable substance is less likely to occur than a reversible oxidation reaction of the anodic electrochromic compound and is more likely to occur than an irreversible oxidation reaction of the anodic electrochromic compound, andthe controller is configured to control oxidation of the oxidizable substance based on a charge balance of the electrochromic element.2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 ,wherein the electrochromic layer further contains a cathodic electrochromic compound and a reducible substance,the reducible substance is a substance which substantially does not undergo a color change due to reduction and whose reductant is not oxidized, anda reduction reaction of the reducible ...

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Номер записи: 64
06-06-2019 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20190171078A1
Автор: Pradhan Anshu A., Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically-insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically-insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. 1. A method of fabricating a single layer EC element on a substrate in a sputter system , the method comprising:(a) sputter coating an EC material including a first transition metal and a first oxygen concentration onto the substrate;(b) increasing from the first oxygen concentration to a second oxygen concentration, higher than the first, during (a);(c) introducing lithium into the sputter system; and(d) sputter coating a CE material including a second transition metal and oxygen;wherein the fabrication is a substantially continuous process and the concentration of the first transition metal is decreased from (a) to (d), and the concentration of the second transition metal is increased from (a) to (d).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first transition metal is tungsten.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second transition metal is nickel.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein introducing lithium into the sputter system comprises sputtering a lithium compound target.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the lithium compound target comprises lithium tungstate.6. A method of fabricating an EC element on a substrate claim 4 , the EC element comprising five successive functional regions: a first transparent conductor region claim 4 , a cathodically ...

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Номер записи: 65
06-06-2019 дата публикации

COUNTER ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20190171079A1
Автор: Gillaspie Dane, Kailasam Sridhar K., Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include nickel-tungsten-niobium-oxide (NiWNbO). This material is particularly beneficial in that it is very transparent in its clear state. 1. A composition of matter comprising:(a) nickel;(b) tungsten;(c) niobium; and wherein the composition comprises an atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Nb) that is between about 1.5:1 and 3:1, and', 'wherein the composition comprises an atomic ratio of W:Nb that is between about 0.2:1 and 1:1., '(d) oxygen,'}2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Nb) is between about 1.5:1 and 2.5:1.3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein the atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Nb) is between about 1.8:1 and 2.5:1.4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Nb) is between about 2:1 and 2.5:1.5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Nb) is between about 2:1 and 3:1.6. The composition of claim 1 , provided in a layer having a thickness between about 50-650 nm.7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is formed through sputtering one or more sputter targets.8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition becomes tinted in response to an applied anodic potential.9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is amorphous.10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is provided as an amorphous matrix with nanocrystals distributed throughout.11. The composition of claim 10 , wherein the nanocrystals have a mean diameter of about 50 nm or less.12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the nanocrystals have a mean diameter between about 1-10 nm. This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 15/526,969, filed May 15, 2017, and titled “COUNTER ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES,” ...

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Номер записи: 66
28-05-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20200166817A1
Автор: Pradhan Anshu, Rozbicki Robert, WANG Zhongchun
Принадлежит:

Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer, which are in direct contact with one another. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. In addition to the improved electrochromic devices and methods for fabrication, integrated deposition systems for forming such improved devices are also disclosed. 1. (canceled)2. An electrochromic device comprising:(a) an electrochromic layer comprising an electrochromic material, wherein the electrochromic material comprises tungsten oxide mixed with a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, titanium oxide, and combinations thereof;(b) a counter electrode layer comprising a counter electrode material, wherein the counter electrode material comprises nickel oxide mixed with tungsten oxide and tantalum,wherein the electrochromic device is all solid state.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the electrochromic material comprises tungsten oxide mixed with molybdenum oxide.4. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the electrochromic material comprises tungsten oxide mixed with vanadium oxide.5. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the electrochromic material comprises tungsten oxide mixed with titanium oxide.6. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the electrochromic material comprises tungsten oxide mixed with molybdenum oxide ...

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Номер записи: 67
18-09-2014 дата публикации

Transmittance control method of electrochromic component

Номер: US20140268285A1
Автор: Yi-Wen Chung
Принадлежит: TINTABLE SMART MATERIAL CO Ltd

A transmittance control method of electrochromic element, mainly comprising the following step: firstly, a total current flux input required is obtained by adding current value of each second together by the relationship between different current value and different rate of change of the electrochromic element obtained in terms of the same transmittance and different input voltages, then the total current flux for fixed transmittance is input into the electrochromic element in usage so as to achieve a transmittance of fixed value. In this manner, the electrochromic element can quickly achieve a transmittance of fixed value in precise manner, without repeated adjustment. Further, there is not such case happened as to influence the accuracy of its transmittance even after aging time lapse.

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Номер записи: 68
18-09-2014 дата публикации

VARIABLE TRANSMISSION ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOW AND ASSOCIATED AIRCRAFT WINDOW SYSTEM

Номер: US20140268289A1
Автор: Ash Kevin L., Driscoll David I., Guarr Thomas F., Luten Henry A., Theiste David A.
Принадлежит: GENTEX CORPORATION

A variable transmission electrochromic window including: first and second substantially transparent substrates having electrically conductive materials associated therewith; an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates which includes at least one solvent, at least one anodic electroactive material, at least one cathodic electroactive material, and wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and wherein the electrochromic window exhibits an Eof less than approximately 20, and more preferably less than approximately 5, while in a low transmission state during normal daylight conditions. 132-. (canceled)33. A variable transmission electrochromic window , comprising:a first substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith;a second substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; a solvent;', 'an anodic electroactive material;', 'a cathodic electroactive material; and', 'a cross-linked polymer matrix;, 'an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates, the electrochromic medium comprising at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and', {'sub': 'v', 'the electrochromic window exhibits an Eof less than approximately 20 while in a low transmission state during normal daylight conditions.'}], 'wherein34. The variable transmission electrochromic window of claim 33 , wherein the electrochromic window exhibits an Eof less than approximately 10 while in a low transmission state during normal daylight conditions.35. The variable transmission electrochromic window of claim 33 , wherein the electrochromic window exhibits an Eof less than approximately 5 while in a low transmission state during normal daylight conditions.36. The variable transmission electrochromic window of claim 33 , ...

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Номер записи: 69
08-07-2021 дата публикации

Electrochromic Device and Preparation Method Therefor, and Electronic Equipment

Номер: US20210208466A1
Автор: YANG XIN
Принадлежит: GUANGDONG OPPO MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP., LTD.

An electrochromic device includes: a first substrate and a second substrate provided opposite to each other; a first transparent conductive layer and a second conductive layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate; an electrochromic layer provided between the first transparent conductive layer and the second conductive layer; a bottom printed layer provided on a surface of the second substrate away from the second conductive layer; and a pattern layer. An orthographic projection of the pattern layer on the first substrate covers at most a part of a surface of the first substrate, and a color of the electrochromic device varies as a voltage between the first transparent conductive layer and the second conductive layer changes. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:a first substrate and a second substrate provided opposite to each other;a first transparent conductive layer and a second conductive layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate;an electrochromic layer provided between the first transparent conductive layer and the second conductive layer;a bottom printed layer provided on a surface of the second substrate away from the second conductive layer; anda pattern layer;wherein an orthographic projection of the pattern layer on the first substrate covers at most a part of a surface of the first substrate, and a color of the electrochromic device varies as a voltage between the first transparent conductive layer and the second conductive layer changes.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising:a first optical adhesive layer located on a surface of the first substrate away from the first transparent conductive layer, wherein the pattern layer is bonded at the first substrate by the first optical adhesive layer;a second optical adhesive layer located on a surface of the pattern layer away from the first optical adhesive layer; anda base bonded at a side of the pattern layer away from the first ...

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Номер записи: 70
04-06-2020 дата публикации

COUNTER ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20200174332A1
Автор: Gillaspie Dane, Kailasam Sridhar K., Rozbicki Robert T.
Принадлежит:

The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include nickel-tungsten-niobium-oxide (NiWNbO). This material is particularly beneficial in that it is very transparent in its clear state. 112-. (canceled)13. An integrated deposition system for fabricating an electrochromic stack , the system comprising: (i) a first deposition station containing one or more material sources for depositing a cathodically coloring layer;', '(ii) a second deposition station containing one or more material sources for depositing an anodically coloring layer comprising nickel-tungsten-niobium-oxide (NiWNbO); and, 'a plurality of deposition stations aligned in series and interconnected and operable to pass a substrate from one station to the next without exposing the substrate to an external environment, wherein the plurality of deposition stations comprise'}a controller containing program instructions for passing the substrate through the plurality of stations in a manner that deposits on the substrate (i) the cathodically coloring layer, and (ii) the anodically coloring layer to form a stack comprising at least the cathodically coloring layer and the anodically coloring layer.14. The integrated deposition system of claim 13 , wherein the NiWNbO has an atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Nb) that is between about 1.5:1 and 3:1.15. The integrated deposition system of claim 14 , wherein the NiWNbO has an atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Nb) that is between about 1.5:1 and 2.5:1.16. The integrated deposition system of claim 15 , wherein the NiWNbO has an atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Nb) that is between about 1.8:1 and 2.5:1.17. The integrated deposition system of claim 16 , wherein the NiWNbO has an atomic ratio of Ni:(W+Nb) that is between about 2:1 and 2.5:1.18. The integrated deposition system of claim 14 , wherein the ...

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Номер записи: 71
04-06-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20200174335A1
Автор: Pradhan Anshu A., Rozbicki Robert T., WANG Zhongchun
Принадлежит:

Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically-insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically-insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. In various embodiments, a counter electrode is fabricated to include a base anodically coloring material and one or more additives. 1. (canceled)2. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device , the method comprising:(a) forming a cathodically coloring layer comprising a cathodically coloring electrochromic material;(b) forming an anodically coloring layer comprising an anodically coloring electrochromic material and one or more additives, wherein the cathodically coloring layer and the anodically coloring layer are in contact with one another to form a stack;(c) exposing the stack to lithium; and(d) heating the stack to form an ionically conducting and electrically insulating material at an interface between the cathodically coloring layer and the anodically coloring layer.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein (a) comprises forming a superstoichiometric oxygenated form of the cathodically coloring electrochromic material.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the cathodically coloring electrochromic material comprises at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of: tungsten oxide claim 2 , molybdenum oxide claim 2 , niobium oxide claim 2 , titanium oxide claim 2 , vanadium oxide claim 2 , and combinations thereof.5. The method of claim 4 , ...

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Номер записи: 72
06-07-2017 дата публикации

REFLECTION TYPE DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20170192331A1
Автор: KIM June-Hwan, KIM Soo-Youn, KIM Wy-Yong, LEE Hwa-Youl, Lee Seok-Ho, Uhm Seong-Yong
Принадлежит: LG DISPLAY CO., LTD.

A reflection type display device includes a color panel including first and second electrodes and color-varying particles of a core-shell structure between the first and second electrodes, wherein the color-varying particles are divided and disposed into first, second and third pixel regions; and a variable light-transmitting panel over the color panel and including third and fourth electrodes and black-varying particles of a core-shell structure between the third and fourth electrodes, wherein the black-varying particles are divided and disposed into the first, second and third pixel regions, wherein the color panel includes a reflection layer reflecting incident light. 1. A reflection type display device , comprising:a color panel having first and second electrodes and color-varying particles of a core-shell structure between the first and second electrodes, wherein the color-varying particles are respectively disposed at first, second and third pixel regions; anda variable light-transmitting panel over the color panel and having third and fourth electrodes and black-varying particles of a core-shell structure between the third and fourth electrodes, wherein the black-varying particles are respectively disposed at the first, second and third pixel regions.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the color panel has a reflection layer reflecting incident light.3. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the color panel comprises:first and second substrate facing each other;a first thin film transistor on the first substrate and connected to the first electrode; anda second electrode on a first surface of the second substrate and opposite to the first electrode.4. The display device of claim 1 , wherein the color-varying particles comprise red-varying particles claim 1 , green-varying particles and blue-varying particles claim 1 ,wherein the red-varying particles are disposed in the first pixel region, and each red-varying particle includes a transparent core and a ...

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Номер записи: 73
11-06-2020 дата публикации

ACTIVE ELECTROCHROMIC FILMS

Номер: US20200183243A1
Автор: Flinner Nicholas, Folke Thomas, Gallant Max, Kiefer Logan, Robert Christian, Sparks Taylor D.
Принадлежит:

An active electrochromic film () can include a transparent flexible substrate (), a first transparent electrically conductive layer () in contact with the transparent flexible substrate (), an active electrochromic gel layer () in contact with the transparent electrically conductive layer (), and a second transparent electrically conductive layer () in contact with the active electrochromic gel layer () opposite from the first transparent electrically conductive layer (). The active electrochromic gel layer () can include a viologen-based compound. The active electrochromic gel layer () can exhibit a high visible optical transparency in the absence of a voltage applied across the first and second transparent electrically conductive layers () and a low visible optical transparency under an applied voltage. In one example, at least one of the first and second transparent electrically conductive layers () can include a masked portion () such that the active electrochromic gel layer () is insulated from the applied voltage in an area adjacent to the masked portion (). 1. An active electrochromic film , comprising:a transparent flexible substrate;a first transparent electrically conductive layer in contact with the transparent flexible substrate;an active electrochromic gel layer in contact with the transparent electrically conductive layer, wherein the active electrochromic gel layer comprises a viologen-based compound; anda second transparent electrically conductive layer in contact with the active electrochromic gel layer opposite from the first transparent electrically conductive layer;wherein one or both of (a) the active electrochromic gel layer exhibits a high visible optical transparency in the absence of a voltage applied across the first and second transparent electrically conductive layers and a low visible optical transparency under the applied voltage, and wherein at least one of the first and second transparent electrically conductive layers comprises a ...

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Номер записи: 74
18-06-2020 дата публикации

DISPLAY DEVICE WITH ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIAL

Номер: US20200192172A1
Автор: WANG Jian, Zhou Yan
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure relates generally to multi-layer display devices including electrochromic material and methods of making the same. The display device may include one or more of a first layer comprising a first substrate depicting a display pattern; a second layer comprising an electrochromic polymer; a third layer comprising a solid state electrolyte; a fourth layer comprising a charge storage layer; a fifth layer comprising a second substrate, and/or other components. The one or more of the second layer, the third layer, and/or the fourth layer may be interposed between the first layer and the fifth layer. An application of a voltage between the first substrate and the second substrate may case a change in transmission and/or reflectance of light through the display device such that the display pattern on the first substrate may be displayed. 1. A multi-layer display device including electrochromic material , the display device comprising:a first layer comprising a first substrate depicting a display pattern;a second layer comprising an electrochromic polymer;a third layer comprising a solid state electrolyte;a fourth layer comprising a charge storage layer;a fifth layer comprising a second substrate;wherein the second layer, the third layer, and the fourth layer are interposed between the first layer and the fifth layer; andwherein an application of a voltage between the first substrate and the second substrate causes a change in transmission or reflectance of light through the display device such that the display pattern on the first substrate is displayed.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein:the first substrate includes a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, and a first conductive film coating on the second surface;the electrochromic polymer is deposited on the second surface of the first substrate;the second substrate includes a third surface, a fourth surface opposite the third surface, and a second conductive film covering on the ...

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Номер записи: 75
18-06-2020 дата публикации

LOW-VOLATILE ELECTRO-OPTIC ELECTROLYTE SOLVENTS CONTAINING CYLIC ORGANIC CARBONATES

Номер: US20200192173A1
Автор: Carroll Michelle M., Erno Zachary B., Kloeppner Leroy J., Looman Steven D., Stephenson Michael T.
Принадлежит: GENTEX CORPORATION

An electrochromic medium for use in an electro-optic device comprises a solvent comprising at least one low-volatile organic electrolyte solvent based on a cyclic carbonate ester; an anodic electroactive material; and a cathodic electroactive material; and at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic. 1. An electrochromic medium for use in an electro-optic device , comprising:a solvent comprising at least one low-volatile organic electrolyte solvent based on a cyclic carbonate ester;an anodic electroactive material; anda cathodic electroactive material;wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic.2. The electrochromic medium of claim 1 , wherein the vapor pressure of the low-volatile organic electrolyte solvent is 0.0023 kPa or less measured at 20 deg. C.3. The electrochromic medium of claim 1 , wherein the low-volatile organic electrolyte solvent has a boiling point of at least 350° C. at 1.0 atmosphere pressure.4. The electrochromic medium of claim 1 , wherein solvent comprises at least 10 wt % of a low-volatile organic electrolyte solvent based on an organic carbonate ester.5. The electrochromic medium of claim 1 , wherein the solvent contains at least a second cyclic carbonate ester moiety.6. The electrochromic medium of claim 1 , wherein the at least one low-volatile organic electrolyte solvent comprises a bis-carbonate.7. The electrochromic medium of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises at least 10 wt % of bis-carbonate.9. An electro-optic device comprising:a first substrate having a rear surface and a second substrate having a front surface opposed to the rear surface of the first surface;a cavity defined between the opposed rear surface of the first substrate and the front surface of the second substrate;an electrically conductive coating disposed on at least one of the rear surface of the first substrate and the front surface of the second substrate;an electrochromic medium ...

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Номер записи: 76
20-07-2017 дата публикации

Light control element, light control device, and method for producing light control element

Номер: US20170205681A1
Автор: Ayuko IMAI, Ken Sumiyoshi
Принадлежит: NLT Technologeies Ltd

There is provided a light control element including a transparent conductive film, a proton accumulation layer on the transparent conductive film, an inorganic electrolyte layer on the proton accumulation layer, an organic electrolyte layer on the inorganic electrolyte layer, a catalyst layer on the organic electrolyte layer, and a light control mirror layer on the catalyst layer.

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Номер записи: 77
05-08-2021 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOUNDS

Номер: US20210240047A1
Автор: GIRI PUNAM
Принадлежит: GENTEX CORPORATION

An anodic redox species and a device using the chemical compound are disclosed. The device may comprise a first substrate, a second substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, and/or an electrochromic medium. The second substrate may be disposed in a spaced apart relationship with the first substrate. The first electrode may be associated with the first substrate. The second electrode may likewise associated with the second substrate. The electrochromic medium may be disposed between the first and second electrodes. Further, the electrochromic medium may comprise at least one anodic redox species and at least one cathodic redox species. Lastly, the anodic redox species is a species of a formula whose compounds may have improved oxidation potentials. 3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the anodic redox species is N claim 2 ,N-(phenazine-5 claim 2 ,10-diylbis(ethane-2 claim 2 ,1-diyl))bis(3-hydroxy-N claim 2 ,N-dimethylpropan-1-aminium).5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the anodic redox species is 2 claim 4 ,2′-(phenazine-5 claim 4 ,10-diyl) bis(N claim 4 ,N claim 4 ,N-triethylethan-1-aminium).6. The device of claim 1 , wherein:the anodic redox species has a first oxidation potential;the electrochromic medium further comprises an electrochromic species having a first oxidation potential and a second oxidation potential; andthe first oxidation potential of the anodic redox species is greater than the first oxidation potential of the electrochromic species and less than the second oxidation potential of the electrochromic species.8. The device of claim 7 , wherein two of R-Rand R-Rare poly substituted ammonium groups.9. The device of claim 8 , wherein one of the substituents of the poly substituted ammonium groups is a propyl alcohol group.10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the anodic redox species is also of a second formula: N claim 9 ,N-bis(3-hydroxypropyl)-N claim 9 ,N claim 9 ,N claim 9 ,N-tetramethyl-5 claim 9 ,10-dineopentyl-5 claim 9 ,10-dihydrophenazine- ...

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Номер записи: 78
04-08-2016 дата публикации

Electrochromic Device

Номер: US20160223877A1
Автор: Alexander Kamyshny, Daniel Mandler, Michael Layani, Peter DARMAWAN, Pooi See Lee, Shlomo Magdassi
Принадлежит: NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, Yissum Research Development Co of Hebrew University of Jerusalem

A method of manufacturing an electrochromic device is provided. The method includes providing a patterned arrangement of an electrically conductive material; and applying one or more layers of an electrochromic material to the patterned arrangement, wherein at least a portion of the electrochromic material is in electrical contact with the electrically conductive material. An electrochromic device and an electrochromic ink composition are also provided.

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Номер записи: 79
03-08-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING PHOTOCHROMIC DARKENING

Номер: US20170219904A1
Автор: Basu Sourav, GARCIA Guillermo, Holt Jason
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic system and method for controlling photochromic darkening of an electrochromic device, the system including an EC device, a control unit, a voltage detector, and a power supply. The EC device includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a solid-state polymer electrolyte disposed therebetween. The control unit is configured to control a sweep voltage applied between the working and counter electrodes, such that the sweep voltage is applied when an open circuit voltage (OCV) between the working and counter electrodes is less than a threshold voltage. 1. An electrochromic (EC) system , comprising: a working electrode;', 'a counter electrode;', 'a solid state electrolyte layer disposed between the counter and working electrodes; and, 'an EC device comprisinga control unit configured to selectively apply a sweep voltage between the working and counter electrodes, such that the sweep voltage is applied when an open circuit voltage (OCV) between the working and counter electrodes is less than a threshold voltage.2. The EC system of claim 1 , further comprising a voltage detector configured to detect the OCV claim 1 ,wherein the control unit is configured to apply the sweep voltage when the voltage detector detects that the OCV is below the threshold voltage.3. The EC system of claim 1 , wherein the threshold voltage is between 0V and −2V claim 1 , and the sweep voltage is a positive voltage.4. The EC system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to:determine an amount of time since a voltage was applied to the EC device to change a transmissivity thereof; andapply the sweep voltage to the EC device, if determined amount of time exceeds a threshold time period.5. The EC system of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to periodically apply the sweep voltage between the working and counter electrodes claim 1 , such that a open circuit voltage between the working and counter electrodes is changed from a negative voltage below ...

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Номер записи: 80
03-08-2017 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC SYSTEM CONTAINING AN INSULATING PROTECTIVE LAYER AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING PHOTOCHROMIC DARKENING

Номер: US20170219905A1
Автор: Basu Sourav, GARCIA Guillermo, Holt Jason
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic system and method for controlling photochromic darkening of an electrochromic device, the system including an EC device, a control unit, a voltage detector, and a power supply. The EC device includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, a solid-state polymer electrolyte disposed therebetween, and an ionically conductive and electrically insulating protective layer disposed between the electrolyte and the working electrode. The control unit is configured to control a sweep voltage applied between the working and counter electrodes, such that the sweep voltage is applied when an open circuit voltage (OCV) between the working and counter electrodes is less than a threshold voltage. 1. An electrochromic (EC) system comprising: a light transmissive first substrate;', 'a working electrode disposed over the first substrate;', 'a counter electrode;', 'a solid state electrolyte disposed between the counter electrode and the working electrode;', 'a light transmissive second substrate disposed over the counter electrode; and', 'an ionically conductive and electrically insulating protective layer disposed between the electrolyte and the working electrode; and, 'an EC device comprisinga control unit configured to selectively apply a sweep voltage between the working and counter electrodes, such that the sweep voltage is applied when an open circuit voltage (OCV) between the working and counter electrodes is less than a threshold voltage.2. The EC system of claim 1 , wherein the protective layer comprises tantalum oxide.3. The EC system of claim 1 , wherein the protective layer comprises tantalum pentoxide (TaO).4. The EC system of claim 1 , further comprising a voltage detector configured to detect the OCV claim 1 ,wherein the control unit is configured to apply the sweep voltage when the voltage detector detects that the OCV is below the threshold voltage.5. The EC system of claim 1 , wherein the threshold voltage is between 0V and −2V claim 1 , and the ...

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Номер записи: 81
03-08-2017 дата публикации

Electrochromic system containing a bragg reflector and method for controlling photochromic darkening

Номер: US20170219906A1
Автор: Guillermo Garcia, Jason Holt, Sourav Basu
Принадлежит: Heliotrope Technologies Inc

An electrochromic system and method for controlling photochromic darkening of an electrochromic device, the system including an EC device, a control unit, a voltage detector, and a power supply. The EC device includes a working electrode, a counter electrode, a solid-state polymer electrolyte disposed therebetween, and a Bragg reflector configured to selectively reflect UV radiation away from the working electrode. The control unit is configured to control a sweep voltage applied between the working and counter electrodes, such that the sweep voltage is applied when an open circuit voltage (OCV) between the working and counter electrodes is less than a threshold voltage.

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Номер записи: 82
23-10-2014 дата публикации

Graphene/metal nanowire hybrid transparent conductive films

Номер: US20140313562A1
Автор: Iskandar Kholmanov, RODNEY S. Ruoff
Принадлежит: University of Texas System

A hybrid transparent conductive film, and methods for fabricating such hybrid transparent conductive films, involving the assembly of two-dimensional graphene-based materials with one-dimensional silver and/or copper nanowires with high optical transmittance and good electrical conductivity. The hybrid films are characterized by a good degree of control of the architecture at the nanoscale level, where the weakness(es) of each component are offset by the strengths of the other components. By rational design of the structure and using simple and locate-cost fabrication methods, hybrid films with sheet resistance of 26 ohm/sq and optical transmittance (at λ=550 nm) of 83% for reduced graphene oxide/silver nanowire films, and 64 ohm/sq and optical transmittance of 93.6% for monolayer graphene/silver nanowire films have been fabricated. These values are comparable to transparent conductive films based on indium tin oxide but are now able to be used in flexible electronics due to their good mechanical properties.

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Номер записи: 83
09-07-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOUND, ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOSITION, AND DISPLAY ELEMENT

Номер: US20200216478A1
Автор: Fujimura Koh, Hirano Shigenobu, HORIUCHI Tamotsu, Inoue Mamiko, Kim Sukchan, Naijo Yoshihisa, Okada Takashi, Okada Yoshinori, Sagisaka Toshiya, Takahashi Hiroyuki, Tsuji Kazuaki, YASHIRO Tohru, YUTANI Keiichiroh
Принадлежит:

To provide an electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula (I): 2. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the display layer comprises an electrochromic composition comprising the electrochromic compound and an electroconductive or semiconductive nanostructure claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic compound is bonded to or adsorbed on the nanostructure.3. The display element of claim 2 , wherein the electroconductive or semiconductive nanostructure is composed of metal oxide particles claim 2 , and wherein the metal oxide particles are at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide claim 2 , zinc oxide claim 2 , tin oxide claim 2 , alumina claim 2 , zirconium oxide claim 2 , iron oxide claim 2 , magnesium oxide claim 2 , indium oxide claim 2 , and tungsten oxide.4. The display element of claim 3 , wherein the metal oxide particles have an average primary particle diameter of 30 nm or smaller.5. The display element of claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , Ror both comprise a functional group capable of directly or indirectly bonding to a hydroxyl group.7. The display element of claim 1 , wherein the monovalent anions A and B are each independently Br ion (Br) claim 1 , Cl ion (Cl) claim 1 , ClOion (ClO) claim 1 , PFion (PF) claim 1 , or BFion (BF).8. The display element of claim 2 , wherein the electrochromic compound comprises a sulfonic acid group claim 2 , a phosphoric acid group claim 2 , or a carboxyl group as a binding or adsorbing structure such that the electrochromic compound forms a complex with the nanostructure.9. The display element of claim 2 , wherein claim 2 , when the electrochromic compound comprises a silyl group or a silanol group claim 2 , the electrochromic compound bonds to the nanostructure through a siloxane bond claim 2 , which forms a bond between the electrochromic compound and the nanostructure.10. The display element of claim 2 , wherein a specific surface area of the nanostructure is 100 m/g or greater ...

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Номер записи: 84
16-07-2020 дата публикации

Perimeter Sealant for an Electrochromic Device

Номер: US20200225549A1
Автор: Adams Lori L., Agrawal Anoop, Cronin John P.
Принадлежит: Polyceed Inc.

Methods and materials to fabricate electrochromic including electrochemical devices are disclosed. In particular, emphasis is placed on the composition, fabrication and incorporation of electrolytic sheets in these devices. Composition, fabrication and incorporation of redox layers and sealants suitable for these devices are also disclosed. Incorporation of EC devices in insulated glass system (IGU) windows is also disclosed. 1. A method of forming an electrochromic device comprising a sealant comprising a melt processable polymer , comprising:a. placing an assembly of a thermoplastic electrolyte film and said sealant on a coated glass substrates;b. placing the sealant at a perimeter of said assembly surrounding the perimeter of the thermoplastic electrolyte film;c. placing a second coated substrate on the above assembly thereby sandwiching the sealant and the electrolyte film;d. performing a lamination process comprising subjecting the said assembly to pressure and heat so that the sealant and the thermoplastic electrolyte film flow and bond to the said substrates,wherein (i) the melt processable polymer is a block copolymer having two phases, first of which has a lower glass transition temperature and (ii) a second phase of the melt processable block copolymer determines its flow or melting point which is in excess of 100° C. and (iii) the first phase has a volume fraction that is greater than that of the second phase.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sealant as placed prior to lamination is thicker than the thermoplastic electrolyte film.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first phase is a homopolymer or a copolymer selected comprising isobutylene and isoprene claim 1 , and the second phase is a homopolymer or a copolymer containing polystyrene and acrylic.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte in the electrochromic device contains a plasticizer claim 1 , and the said plasticizer is not compatible with the said block copolymer.5. The method of ...

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Номер записи: 85
01-08-2019 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE STRUCTURES WITH CONDUCTIVE NANOPARTICLES

Номер: US20190235339A1
Автор: Adams Lori, Agrawal Anoop, Cronin John P.
Принадлежит: Polyceed Inc.

An electrochromic device comprising redox layers which contain conductive nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are made from metals, metallic alloys, coated metals and carbon. An electrochromic device comprising two redox layers wherein both redox layers contain metallic nanowires and the composition of the nanowires in the two layers is different. Further use of carbon salts as conductive nanoparticles in electrochromic devices is disclosed. 1. An electrochromic device comprising two redox layers wherein first of these redox layers contains metallic nanowires and the second of these redox layers contains nanoparticles of carbon salt , and further the redox layer with the metallic nanowires colors cathodically.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the cations of carbon salt are selected from organic ions and alkali metal ions.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the said nanowires and the nanoparticles are immobilized in the layers by chemically attaching them to a polymer contained in the said layer.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein an agent is added to prevent thermal or chemical oxidation of the metallic nanowires.5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , the bleach potential of the device does not exceed 0.5V claim 1 , and during bleach the redox layer with the metallic nanowires is anodic.6. An electrochromic device comprising salts of carbon and at least one redox layer.7. The electrochromic device of claim 6 , wherein the salts of carbon are in the redox layer.8. The electrochromic device of claim 6 , wherein the carbon is in the form of nanotubes and graphene sheets.9. The electrochromic device of claim 7 , wherein cations of carbon salt are selected from organic ions and alkali metal ions.10. The electrochromic device of claim 6 , wherein particles of the carbon salt are immobilized by reacting with a polymer present in the redox layer.11. The electrochromic device of claim 6 , wherein one of the two ...

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Номер записи: 86
30-07-2020 дата публикации

Electrochromic element, optical filter, lens unit, image pickup apparatus, and window member

Номер: US20200241377A1
Автор: Isao Kawata, Kenji Yamada, Satoshi Igawa, Wataru Kubo, Yuto ITO
Принадлежит: Canon Inc

As an example of an EC element in which vertical color separation is suppressed, the present disclosure provides an EC element including a pair of electrodes, a solvent, an anodic EC compound, and a cathodic EC compound. In the EC element, the difference between a solvation free energy of an oxidized form of the anodic EC compound in water and a solvation free energy of the oxidized form in octanol is 35 kcal/mol or more, and the cathodic EC compound has a substituent containing any one element selected from halogens, sulfur, boron, phosphorus, and silicon.

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Номер записи: 87
06-09-2018 дата публикации

Electrical device including a substrate and a transparent conductive layer and a process of forming the same

Номер: US20180252976A1
Автор: Erik Jon BJORNARD, Florent Martin, Sebastian Marius Sarrach
Принадлежит: Sage Electrochromics Inc

A stack of layers can be formed adjacent to a substrate before any layer within the stack is patterned. In an embodiment, combinations of substrates and stacks can be made and stored for an extended period, such as more than a week or a month, or shipped to a remote location before further manufacturing occurs. By delaying irreversible patterning until the closer to the date final product will be shipped to a customer, the likelihood of having too much inventory of a particular size or having to scrap windows for a custom order that was cancelled after manufacturing started can be substantially reduced. Further, particles between layers of the stack can be avoided. The process flows described are flexible, and many of the patterning operations in forming holes, openings, or the high resistance region can be performed in many different orders.

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Номер записи: 88
24-09-2015 дата публикации

Lighting fixture

Номер: US20150267889A1
Автор: Yasuo Toko
Принадлежит: Stanley Electric Co Ltd

There is provided a lighting fixture including: a light source that emits a light beam; an electrodeposition device that includes multiple pixels of which a transparent state and a mirror state are switchable, independently, and that is disposed such that a normal direction of a pixel surface is not parallel to an optical axis direction of an incident light beam on an optical path of a light beam emitted from the light source; and an optical system that emits, as an illumination beam, both a light beam transmitted through the electrodeposition device and a light beam reflected from the pixel in the mirror state in the electrodeposition device.

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Номер записи: 89
22-08-2019 дата публикации

COLOR EXCURSION MITIGATION IN ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Номер: US20190258126A1
Автор: Ash Kevin L., Baumann Kelvin L.
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device includes a chamber defined by a first conductive surface of a first substrate, a second conductive surface of a second substrate, and a sealing member joining the first substrate to the second substrate; an electrochromic medium containing a blue cathodic electroactive compound and up to three anodic electroactive compounds; wherein the electrochromic medium is disposed within the chamber; the anodic electroactive compounds include a green anodic electroactive compound and one or two gray anodic electroactive compounds; and the anodic electroactive compounds include from about 8 mol % to about 15 mol % gray anodic electroactive compounds. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a chamber defined by a first conductive surface of a first substrate, a second conductive surface of a second substrate, and a sealing member joining the first substrate to the second substrate;an electrochromic medium comprising a blue cathodic electroactive compound, a second cathodic electroactive compound, and up to three anodic electroactive compounds;whereinthe electrochromic medium is disposed within the chamber;the anodic electroactive compounds comprise a green anodic electroactive compound and one or two gray anodic electroactive compounds; andthe anodic electroactive compounds comprise from about 8 mol % to about 15 mol % gray anodic electroactive compounds.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the anodic electroactive compounds comprise one green anodic electroactive compound and two gray anodic electroactive compounds.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the gray anodic electroactive compounds are selected from 2 claim 1 ,7-diisobutyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dineopentyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dihydrophenazine; 2 claim 1 ,7-di-2-ethylbutyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dineopentyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dihydrophenazine; 2 claim 1 ,7-di-2-ethylhexyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dineopentyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dihydrophenazine; and 2 claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,7 claim 1 ,10-tetraneopentyl-5 claim 1 ,10- ...

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Номер записи: 90
11-12-2014 дата публикации

ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION, PRINTING METHOD THEREOF AND RESULTING SOLID ELECTROLYTE

Номер: US20140361211A1
Автор: Araujo Jorge, Baptista Carlos Alberto Pinheiro, Marques Ana Clara Lopes
Принадлежит: YD YNVISIBLE, S.A.

The composition and method for depositing and processing a solid transparent electrolyte polymerized by ultraviolet (UV) radiation are described. The electrolyte composition includes, at least, an ionic compound, a polymerizable material, a photoinitiator and a polar solvent. The electrolyte is deposited by printing techniques, such as inkjet printing. 1. Electrolyte solution , characterized by integrating:ionic compounds between 0.1 and 7% w/w, selected from the group consisting of lithium perchlorate, lithium triflate, lithium tetrafluoroborate and lithium hexafluorophosphate;monomers, oligomers or polymers with non-saturated sites, between 20 and 35% w/w, selected from the group consisting of poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate (PPGDA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), and cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate (CTFA);photoinitiators between 0.05% and 15% w/w selected from the group consisting of phenylbis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone, and 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl propanone; andpolar solvents between 40 and 75% w/w, selected from the group consisting of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and acetonitrile.2. Electrolyte solution claim 1 , according to claim 1 , characterized in that it additionally integrates ionic compounds selected from the group consisting of potassium triflate claim 1 , potassium hexafluorophosphate claim 1 , potassium tetrafluoroborate claim 1 , potassium perchlorate claim 1 , ammonium hexafluorophosphate and ammonium tetrafluoroborate.3. Electrolyte solution claim 1 , according to claim 1 , characterized in that it additionally integrates monomers claim 1 , oligomers or polymers with non-saturated sites claim 1 , selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (EO-TMPTA) claim 1 , propoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (PO-TMPTA) claim 1 , and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETA).4. Electrolyte solution claim 1 , according ...

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Номер записи: 91
13-08-2020 дата публикации

Conductive laminate and an electrochromic device comprising the same

Номер: US20200255723A1
Автор: Ki Hwan Kim, Pil Sung JO, Song Ho Jang, Yong Chan Kim
Принадлежит: LG Chem Ltd

A conductive laminate and an electrochromic device including the conductive laminate are disclosed. The conductive laminate includes a metal oxynitride layer, a metal oxide layer, and a conductive layer. The metal oxynitride layer, the metal oxide layer or both may comprise monovalent cations. The metal oxynitride layer may be represented by Mo a Ti b O x N y where a>0, b>0, x>0, y>0, 0.5<a/b<4.0, and 0.005<y/x<0.02. The metal oxide layer may comprise a reducing electrochromic material or an oxidizing electrochromic material. The electroconductive laminate and the electrochromic device have excellent durability, excellent color-switching speed, and can stepwise control optical properties.

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Номер записи: 92
08-10-2015 дата публикации

Electrochromic display device and manufacturing method thereof

Номер: US20150286107A1
Автор: Juan Chen, Xiaodong Zhou
Принадлежит: BOE Technology Group Co Ltd

An electrochromic display device and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. The electrochromic display device includes a first substrate ( 21 ), a second substrate ( 22 ) opposed to the first substrate ( 21 ), and an electrochromic fluid ( 23 ) distributed between the first substrate ( 21 ) and the second substrate ( 22 ), wherein a plurality of recesses ( 21′ ) are disposed on the first substrate ( 21 ), the electrochromic fluid ( 23 ) is separately disposed in the recesses ( 21′ ).

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Номер записи: 93
20-08-2020 дата публикации

DIMMING DEVICE, IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE, AND DISPLAY DEVICE

Номер: US20200264486A1
Автор: Kadono Koji, Machida Akio
Принадлежит: SONY CORPORATION

A dimming device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a light emitting stacked body that includes a first electrode, a dimming layer, and a second electrode that are stacked; the dimming layer has a stacked structure of a reduction coloring layer, an electrolyte layer, and an oxidation coloring layer; when the number of atoms of a metal contributing to reduction reaction in a compound contained in the reduction coloring layer is denoted by [Re] and the number of atoms of a metal contributing to oxidation reaction in a compound contained in the oxidation coloring layer is denoted by [Ox], the value of [Re]/[Ox] is within a prescribed range; alternatively, when the thickness of the reduction coloring layer is denoted by Tand the thickness of the oxidation coloring layer is denoted by T, the value of T/Tis within a prescribed range. 1. A dimming device comprising:a first substrate;a second substrate that is provided facing the first substrate and to which external light enters; anda light emitting stacked body provided between the first substrate and the second substrate,wherein the light emitting stacked body includes a first electrode, a dimming layer, and a second electrode stacked from a side of the first substrate,the dimming layer has a stacked structure of a reduction coloring layer, an electrolyte layer, and an oxidation coloring layer, andwhen a number of atoms of a metal contributing to reduction reaction in a compound contained in the reduction coloring layer is denoted by [Re] and a number of atoms of a metal contributing to oxidation reaction in a compound contained in the oxidation coloring layer is denoted by [Ox], a value of [Re]/[Ox] is within a prescribed range.2. The dimming device according to claim 1 , satisfying{'br': None, '1≤[Re]/[Ox]≤6.5.'}3. The dimming device according to claim 1 , wherein the reduction coloring layer contains WO claim 1 , the electrolyte layer contains TaO claim 1 , and the oxidation coloring layer contains ...

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Номер записи: 94
27-09-2018 дата публикации

Optical element

Номер: US20180275476A1
Автор: Tomoya Hirano
Принадлежит: Stanley Electric Co Ltd

An optical element comprises a first electrode; a second electrode partially including insulating areas; a seal frame member located between the first electrode and the second electrode; an electrolyte layer that fills a space defined by the first substrate, the second substrate, and the seal frame member; a first connection electrode disposed outside the seal frame member on the surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate; and a second connection electrode disposed outside the seal frame member on the surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate, wherein, in an area surrounded by the seal frame member, a proportion of the insulating areas of the second electrode included in an unit area relatively close to the first connection electrode is higher than that included in an unit area positioned in the middle of the seal frame member.

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Номер записи: 95
09-12-2021 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES USING TRANSPARENT MXENES

Номер: US20210382365A1
Автор: Gogotsi Yury, HANTANSIRISAKUL Kanit, MALESKI Kathleen, Pinto David, SALLÉS PERRAMON Pol
Принадлежит:

The present disclosure describes electrochromic devices comprising transparent conductive layer acting as an electrode, an active electrochromic film, an ion conductor, and an ion storage film at least one of which comprises at least one MXene material. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:an electrochromic portion and at least one of (i) a transparent conducting portion and (ii) an ion storage portion,one or more MXene materials being present in at least one of (a) the electrochromic portion and (b) the at least one of (i) the transparent conducting electrode portion and (ii) the ion storage portion; andan electrolyte,the electrolyte placing the electrochromic portion into electronic communication with the at least one of (i) the transparent conducting portion and (ii) the ion storage portion.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises an organic material or an aqueous material.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the device comprises an electrochromic portion and a transparent conducting portion claim 1 , and wherein both the electrochromic portion and transparent conducting portion comprises the same or different MXene materials.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the device comprises an electrochromic portion and an ion storage portion claim 1 , and wherein both the electrochromic portion and the ion storage portion comprises the same or different MXene materials.5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic device comprises a polymeric material contacting the MXene material claim 1 , the polymeric material optionally being intercalated within the MXene material.6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. (canceled)9. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a solid material.10. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic portion is disposed between the transparent conductor portion and the ion storage portion.11. The electrochromic device ...

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Номер записи: 96
13-10-2016 дата публикации

Electrochromic device, optical filter, lens unit, and imaging apparatus

Номер: US20160299401A1
Автор: Kenji Yamada, Shinjiro Okada, Wataru Kubo
Принадлежит: Canon Inc

The present invention provides an electrochromic device including a pair of electrodes and an electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes and containing different electrochromic materials having the same polarity, wherein in the case where two materials are selected from the different electrochromic materials having the same polarity in descending order of maximum absorbance in a color-display mode of the electrochromic layer and where the diffusion coefficients of the molecules of the two materials are compared with each other in the color-display mode, a smaller diffusion coefficient D 2 min, a larger diffusion coefficient D 2 max, and maximum absorbance H 2 of the molecules of the electrochromic material having the diffusion coefficient D 2 max in the color-display mode satisfy Formula (5). 1≦ D 2 max/ D 2 min≦(1+0.146/H 2 ) 2   (5)

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Номер записи: 97
19-09-2019 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE, ELECTRONIC DIMMING EYEGLASSES, AUGMENTED REALITY EYEGLASSES, AND CAMERA

Номер: US20190285960A1
Автор: FUKUDA Tomoo, KANEKO Fuminari, SASA Noboru, Shinoda Masato, YASHIRO Tohru, YUTANI Keiichiroh
Принадлежит:

An electrochromic device reversibly and controllably colored and decolored by electricity is provided. The electrochromic device is configured to control at least one of the following functions f1 and f2 based on at least one of an operating environment temperature of the electrochromic device, a continuous elapsed time of a colored state or a decolored state, and an illuminance around the electrochromic device: 1. An electrochromic device reversibly and controllably colored and decolored by electricity , configured to control at least one of the following functions f1 and f2 based on at least one of an operating environment temperature of the electrochromic device , a continuous elapsed time of a colored state or a decolored state , and an illuminance around the electrochromic device:a function f1 of transiting to a colored state and/or limiting transition to a decolored state; anda function f2 of transiting to a decolored state and/or limiting transition to a colored state.2. An electrochromic device reversibly and controllably colored and decolored by electricity , comprising:at least one of an oxidation-type electrochromic material colorable upon oxidation by application of electricity and a reduction-type electrochromic material colorable upon reduction by application of electricity,wherein the electrochromic device has at least one of the following functions:a function of transiting from a colored state to another colored state closer to a decolored state;a function of transiting from a colored state to a decolored state;a function of limiting transition from a decolored state to a colored state; anda function of inhibiting transition from a decolored state to a maximum colored state.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , further comprising:a temperature sensor configured to acquire an operating environment temperature of the electrochromic device; anda memory configured to store a coloring limiting temperature,wherein the electrochromic device performs at ...

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Номер записи: 98
24-09-2020 дата публикации

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE, WEARABLE DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR DRIVING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Номер: US20200301226A1
Автор: HASEGAWA Tohru, KANEKO Fuminari, URA Naoki, YASHIRO Tohru, YUTANI Keiichiroh
Принадлежит:

Electrochromic device including: first electrode; a first auxiliary electrode; a second electrode; a second auxiliary electrode having average distance of 100 mm or less with the first auxiliary electrode; an electrochromic layer; a solid electrolyte layer; and controlling unit configured to control to apply voltage according to a driving pattern that is at least one selected from the group consisting of a first driving pattern, a second driving pattern, and an initialization driving pattern, wherein the first driving pattern is a driving pattern configured to turn the electrochromic layer into first coloring state, the second driving pattern is a driving pattern configured to turn the first coloring state into a second coloring state that has coloring density lower than coloring density of the first coloring state, and the initialization driving pattern is driving pattern for forming an initial decolored state. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a first electrode;a first auxiliary electrode formed to be in contact with the first electrode;a second electrode;a second auxiliary electrode formed to be in contact with the second electrode and to have an average distance of 100 mm or less with the first auxiliary electrode;an electrochromic layer formed to be in contact with the first electrode, or the second electrode, or both, but not to be in contact with the first auxiliary electrode and the second auxiliary electrode;a solid electrolyte layer formed to be in contact with at least one selected from the group consisting of the first electrode, the second electrode, and the electrochromic layer, but not to be in contact with the first auxiliary electrode and the second auxiliary electrode; anda controlling unit configured to control to apply voltage to the electrochromic layer with the first electrode and the second electrode according to a driving pattern that is at least one selected from the group consisting of a first driving pattern, a second driving pattern, ...

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Номер записи: 99
24-09-2020 дата публикации

ELECTRONIC DEVICE, METHOD FOR PRODUCING ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND PHOTOCHROMATIC LENS UNIT

Номер: US20200301227A1
Автор: Fujimura Koh, FUKUDA Tomoo, HASEGAWA Tohru, TAKAHASHI Yasuhiro, TAKEUCHI Kohji, Tsutsui Takashi, YASHIRO Tohru, YUTANI Keiichiroh
Принадлежит:

An electronic device includes electrode layers and supports. The electrode layers and supports include an electrode layer and a support on each of both sides of an electronic functional layer in a thickness direction. Taking-out electrode parts from the electrode layers are exposed in a plane region of at least one of the supports on the both sides. 1. An electronic device comprising:electrode layers and supports, comprising an electrode layer and a support on each of both sides of an electronic functional layer in a thickness direction, whereintaking-out electrode parts from the electrode layers are exposed in a plane region of at least one of the supports on the both sides.2. The electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the taking-out electrode parts are exposed to outer surface of the at least one of the supports by penetrating the at least one of the supports in a thickness direction.3. The electronic device according to claim 1 , wherein the electronic functional layer comprises an electrochromic layer.4. An electronic device comprising:an intermediate part including an electronic functional layer;a pair of electrode layers adjacently arranged on both sides of the intermediate part in a thickness direction;a pair of supports arranged on both sides of the pair of electrode layers in a thickness direction and having inner surfaces adjacent to the electrode layers; anda pair of taking-out electrode parts including electrode taking-out parts exposed outside to be planar through both or any one of the supports and each electrically connected to one of the pair of electrode layers, whereinone of the taking-out electrode parts has a penetration structure in which the one of the taking-out electrode parts penetrates and extends from an outer surface to at least the inner surface of a support and reaches one of the electrode layers while avoiding the other of the electrode layers and the other of the taking-out electrode parts, andthe other of the taking-out ...

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Номер записи: 100