Isolationsmaterial

Insulation material The present invention pertains to an insulating material. The term "insulating material" comprises generally, any materials, the higher temperature from a region of an area having for isolating lower temperature be used, such as in particular Packing for blankets, pillows, sleeping bags, mattresses, filler materials for top coating, such as for

SchiundWinterkleidimg

; layers in sports wear, or also

Wärmeisolierungen

in buildings and industrial applications. Insulating materials comprise usually a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface is in contact with a first region in use of the material, the has a first temperature and a first absolute humidity stands, and the second surface in contact with a second area in use, the a second temperature, lower than the first temperature, and a second absolute humidity, the has from the first absolute humidity can distinguish thinks (in particular given Bedding such as e.g. blankets),. It is well known, insulating materials of the type referred to above produce from thick non-woven articles, which also are referred to as "

Highloft

"-nonwoven article. Holiday, Th. M., "nonwovens Handbook

Highloft

"

INDA

, 1989, describes generally the basic properties of

Highloft

-non-woven articles, which also are useful for insulation purposes. Under a " for the purposes of the present invention is a material

HighlofT

-material to understand, comprising a low density of typically 5 to 25 kg/m3. Very important the properties are insulations in regard to the absorption of moisture.

Bettartikel

This applies in particular to such as blankets, pillows and the like. When sleeping the body sweats, and the humidity, the forms on the inside of the bedspread therethrough, should be transported away by the bedspread in the form of steam. If due to difference in the transport of the moisture the temperature, the drops between the temperature on the inside of the bedspread is made and the outside temperature, below the dew point, the moisture can condense. This leads to the result that the bedspread wet to the touch, which is very undesirable. The same principle applies, of course, generally articles for wearing, and in particular for

Sportbekleidimg

. Additionally,

KondensationsefFekte

as is the performance of insulating materials in buildings or industrial applications limit. A hygroscopic fibers, such as cellulose fibers, which are capable of, to absorb moisture, are therefore often used in insulating materials, so as to prevent the negative impact of moisture condensation in the interior of these materials. Furthermore, it is known for a variety of reasons, not hygroscopic

Vliesmischungen

from fibers, such as polyester fibers, and hygroscopic fibers, for example. Cellulose fibers, as filler materials, in particular Bedding, to use.

Lyocellfasem

as filling material e.g. for blankets and pillows and polyester fibers. DE 44 45,085 AI

RamiefasemVliesmischung

of polyester fibers and the using a disclosed for the same purpose.

Vliesmischimg

of polyester fibers and viscose fibres for the same purpose is the use a 1,067,227 known from the EP. The document "Processing

trials

with

lyocellfibersstitch

-bonding using the required" of W. In the flatbed

Melliand

International (2) 1997, p. 80 et

seqq.

, disclosed as non-woven materials, which contain

LyocellfasemPolyesterund

/or. One problem of the present invention is the delivery of an insulation material, wherein potential problems, the result remains inside the material resulting from

Kondensationseffekten

, can be avoided or at least reduced, while, on the other hand, the breathability or the ability of the material, moisture Carting, substantially equal. This problem is met by an insulating material, the stands comprises a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface in contact with a first portion in use of the material, the has a first temperature and a first absolute humidity stands, and the second surface in contact with a second area in use, the a second temperature, lower than the first temperature, and a second absolute humidity, the can distinguish from the first absolute humidity has, , wherein a first layer of a substantially non-hygroscopic fibrous material the material and a second layer of a hygroscopic fiber material and the first layer substantially adjacent k • • • • • " the first region and the second layer is located adjacent to the second region, and the thereby is characterized that the first and second layer of a non-woven material having a density of 5 to 125 kg/m3 are made. In a preferred embodiment, the result of this was characterized that the density of non-woven material 5 to 25 kg/m3, what matters in the non-woven material is a

HighloftMaterial

. Furthermore is preferably a non-woven material, has been made by a

Nähverfestigungsverfahren

the not. It, surprisingly, it was found that the effects of condensation can be reduced significantly in the interior of the material, by layers of hygroscopic or non-hygroscopic nature are used instead of an intimate. The insulation material can comprise in particular a condensation area

Erfindimg

to this, in which the temperature in use of the material lower than the dew point, and the thickness of the second layer of hygroscopic fibers can be so selected that the second layer extends at least over the condensation area. This means that the thickness of the fibrous layers is chosen so that the second layer of hygroscopic fibers extends into the area, where due to the climatic difference between the two regions, are separated by the insulating materials that occurs in use, probably a moisture condensation. Based on the assumption that the (at a higher temperature) and

Temperaturgefalle

between the first area (with a lower temperature) the second region, which are separated by the material in use is linear, it is possible, on the basis of the climatic properties (such as temperature and absolute humidity) of the two zones is the expected condensation area, i.e. the area, a condensation occurs in the likely, to determine, by application of a

psychrometrischen

or Mollier-diagram. In the case a bedspread, for example, can be adopted that the average temperature of about at the sleeping body contacting first region a, while an absolute humidity of about 15g 30oC to 350C

EbO

/m3 comprises air. The second area on the outside of the bedspread may comprise a room climate with temperatures in the range of 150C to 10o carbon and about 8g

HiO

/m3 air. Taking a bedspread with a filling material, having a certain thickness, such as 4 cm, has, it is based on the above data possible, to determine the region by means of a Mollier-diagram, in which in use of the bedspread probably a condensation occurs.

Erfindimg

the ratio of the thickness of the second selected According to the present is (hygroscopic) layer to the total thickness of the insulation material then such that the hygroscopic layer extends at least over the condensation area in use. In

Ausfuhrungsformen

it is possible further preferred, a preferred ratio of the second layer to the total thickness of the insulation material (hygroscopic) as a function of the expected temperature difference between the first and second regions, are separated by the material at using, to define. Pursuant

Ausfuhnmgsform

of the present invention met the proportion y a preferred of the thickness of the second layer, based on the total thickness of the material, therefore the following formulae: y (%) (%) > 0 and y > 207.89-514, 84x -0333, wherein x the difference between the first temperature of the first region and the second temperature of the second region and where xis of 5 to 80o C ranges. This span of the proportions y of the second layer is in particular in the case of appropriate insulating materials (hygroscopic), the are selected from the group, consisting of filler materials for blankets, pillows, sleeping bags, mattresses, quilt or

Schlafbekleidung

. These materials have in common that they are used mainly during sleep, wherein the human body has a low activity and consequently less sweats, what leads to an absolute humidity of about 15g H2O/m3 in the region surrounding the body. If the percentage y of the hygroscopic fibrous layer is selected such in a subject according to the invention that it fits to the above-mentioned formulae, so extends the hygroscopic fiber layer on the expected condensation area within said article, wherein moisture, the forms in use in this area is absorbed by the hygroscopic fibers. Another preferred material according to the present invention satisfies the following formula the proportion y: y

USx

-0 (%) > 140.88-45' 5. This span of the proportions y of the second layer is in particular in the case of appropriate insulating materials (hygroscopic), the are selected from the group, consisting of filler materials for

Alltagskleidung

. "

Alltagskleidung

" clothing is meant With, the unlike Sportswear is carried normally during the day. Examples of shirts are

Alltagskleidung

, trousers, blouses, jackets and the like for the day-to-day using.

Alltagskleidung

In the area of, the during the day is carried is to be expected that an absolute humidity of about 20g

HiO

/m in the region surrounding the body is present, and because of the higher activity of the body in comparison with the activity during sleep. Y If the percentage is chosen such that it fits to the above-mentioned formula, so extends the hygroscopic fiber layer over the condensation area, the is likely, when the clothing is used on a daily basis. In another preferred embodiment of the invention is finally insulating material cheracterised in that the proportion y satisfies the following formula: y > 100.34-504 (%), 27x -1. This span of the proportions y of the second layer is in particular in the case of appropriate insulating materials (hygroscopic), the are selected from the group, consisting of sportswear. When operating of the human body from a high activity shall exercise Sport, what leads to a higher relative humidity, which is adopted from the surrounds the body and is to be approximately 30g H2O

An3

. Therefore the proportion (hygroscopic)

Sportbekleidimg

e.g. in the second layer must y be higher than in a

AlltagskleidungSchlafartikel

or in. The above mentioned formula defines the appropriate span the share y, and that is in turn a function of the temperature difference between the first and second regions, which are separated by the insulation material in use. According to the invention may comprise (not hygroscopic) layer of the material the first preferably a fibrous material that is selected from the group, consisting of polyester fiber, glass fiber,

Mineralgesteinsfaser

, polypropylene fiber, polyamide fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber,

Polymilchsäurefaser

, polyethylene fiber and mixtures thereof. (Hygroscopic) layer of the inventive material can comprise second The preferably a fibrous material that is selected from the group, consisting of cotton, ramie, viscose fibre,

Modalfaser

, Lyocell fibre, Leinen, hemp,

Kapokfaser

, wool, springs, down,

Pappelflaum

and mixtures thereof. Both the first and second layers can also comprise mixtures of hygroscopic or not hygroscopic fibers is maintained, as long as the hygroscopic nature of the respective layer or not a total of hygroscopic. One specially more than two layers of the invention material, such as one or more additional fibre layers, or cover layers comprise, as long as the thickness of the hygroscopic layer extends so is selected that they pass over the condensation area of the material. The strata of the material according to the invention by processes known per se can be connected to one another in the State of the type, for example, setting the layers in a known manner to each other and arranged one above the other and/or • i on an outer fabric layer are fixed. Both the substantially hygroscopic fibrous material and the substantially non-hygroscopic fibrous material may include modified fibre materials, for example. Fibers, the modified were, so as to have flame retardant properties and the like. The present invention also relates to the use of an insulation material according to the invention as a filling material for blankets, pillows, sleeping bags, mattresses; as a filling material for clothing, such as for

Schiund

winterwear; as a layer in sports wear, or as a thermal insulator (such as for masonry, roofing insulation or window frame) in buildings and industrial applications (such as for heating or cooling devices, air conditioning systems, pipelines, transport means, e.g. aircraft, cars and trains). A preferred embodiment of the inventive insulation material is selected from the group, consisting of filler materials for blankets, pillows, sleeping bags, mattresses, quilt or sleep clothing, and is characterized in that the proportion y of the thickness of the second layer, based on the total thickness of the material, 20% or more, preferably 20% to 50% is. This span of the portion most materials ab y covers, in which the activity of the body is low and the temperature difference between the region surrounding the body and the area outside of the material is approximately 350C 20oC to. Another preferred embodiment of the inventive insulation material is selected from the group, consisting of sleeping bags, and is characterized in that the proportion y of the thickness of the second layer, based on the total thickness of the material, 40% or more, preferably 50% to 90% is. This span the share y covers in particular sleeping bags from, the even for very low temperatures are suitable and in which the temperature difference between the region surrounding the body and the area outside of the material up to 350C to 80o C may range. Another preferred embodiment of the inventive insulation material is selected from the group, consisting of

Schiund

winterwear, in particular

Wintermänteln

,

Winterhosen

, anoraks,

HochgebirgsklettemWinterjacken

and clothes for the, and is characterized in that the proportion y of the thickness of the second layer, based on the total thickness of the material, 60% or more, preferably 75% to 85% is. This span of the portion most materials ab y covers, the even at low temperatures are suitable for the using, and being connected to a medium-to-high activity of the body, and in which the temperature difference between the region surrounding the body and the area outside of the material about 30oC to 70oC achieved. Another preferred embodiment of the inventive insulation material is finally from the group, consisting of sportswear, selected and is characterized in that the proportion y of the thickness of the second layer, based on the total thickness of the material, 70% or more, preferably 80% to 95% is. Covers most applications for sports clothing from the share y span This, which are connected with a high activity of the body lies and wherein the temperature difference between the region surrounding the body and the region outside the material is in a range of about 60oC 20oC to, or even higher. The present invention is now described in more detail with reference to the Figures and examples. Fig. 1 showing schematically the temperature gradient in a bedspread. Fig. 2 shows the curves for the thickness of the hygroscopic fibrous layer appropriate spans the share y, based on the total thickness of the inventive material, depending on the scope (physical activity) and from the temperature difference between the first area and the second area (the body surrounding). Under Fig. 100% polyester fiber 1 with a filling of a duvet can have a typical thickness of 4 cm. Using itself shares the bedspread into two regions, the 1 "MATTERS 1" and in "MATTERS 2" than Fig. are described. MATTERS 1, the sleeping area that section is, in the the sleeping body is in contact with the first surface of the bedspread. In example 1 the temperature is 30 in this area according to Fig., 14 and the absolute humidity is 7oC, 5g H20/m3 air. MATTERS 2 is the air on the outside of the bedspread. In the example according to the climate and is this range a room climate with 180C 1 Fig. 7,7g

thO

/m3 air. Based on the assumption that the temperature gradient between 1 and 2 is linear MATTERS MATTERS, it is possible, based on the determined climatic properties (such as temperature and absolute humidity) the expected condensation area, i.e. the region, in which a condensation occurs probably, to determine, by application of a

psychrometrischen

or Mollier-diagram. Therefore, shown that during the bedspread according to 1 the temperature subject to the climatic properties of MATTERS Fig. 1 and 2 at a distance of about 3.5 cm for the sleeping body MATTERS abutting surface lower than the dew point, whereby a range is formed, in which a condensation can occur (the "carbon" Hatch range designated with). According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention the

Bettdeckenfüllung

If consists of two layers, wherein a layer of 100% polyester fiber is made and on the the adjacent 1 and the second layer is made from 100% Lyocell fibre MATTERS and 2 adjacent to the MATTERS, and when the thickness of the second layer extends at least over the condensation area carbon, then water is condensed, in this area, by the hygroscopic

Lyocellfasem

absorbed, and the formation of moisture can be prevented in the

Bettdeckenfullung

. Fig. 2 shows the preferred spans the proportion of the thickness of the second layer of substantially hygroscopic fiber material as claimed y the present invention: The abscissa characterizes 2 the temperature difference (AT in 0C) in Fig. between the first region and the second region, which are separated by the insulation material, such as between the skin of the human body in the case of clothing and the

Außenklima

. The proportion (%) of the thickness of the marks The ordinate layer of a hygroscopic fibrous material y. As a function of the extent of physical activity, with the use of the insulation material is accompanied, three preferred spans can be identified: If the activity of the human body is very high, such as when operating from Sport, then the body sweats, what leads to a high absolute humidity of about 30g PO/m3 on the adjacent side of the insulation material on the body. In this case the proportion can be the thickness of the hygroscopic layer may range should y as a function of the difference between the temperature on the side adjacent to the body and the outside temperature (approximately 30-35oC) be at least as high as that (the less than 0oC) value, the curve represented by the far left in Fig. 2 (♦--♦ ♦ ♦---) (%) is defined by the equation y and > 100.34-504, 27x " 1 can be adapted. If the insulation material is to be used in situations an average physical activity, such as wherein

Alltagskleidung

, what leads to a mean absolute humidity of about 20g HjO/m3 on the adjacent side of the insulation material on the body, it is noted that the proportion of the thickness of the hygroscopic layer should be at least as high as y that value, by the curve in the middle of the three curves (-----) is defined in 2 Fig. can be adapted (%) and by the equation y > 140.88-451, 25X " 05. In applications having low physical activity, such as wherein

Bettartikeln

, wherein the absolute humidity on the side of the insulation material adjacent to the body provides only about 15g

HiO

/m3 may range is finally established, the thickness of the hygroscopic layer at least as high that the proportion y as that value should be, the curve represented by the far right (-

A.A.A.A.

) 2 in Fig. (%) is defined by the equation y and > 207.89-514, 84x " 0333 can be adapted. The individual points, which define the three curves, were in each case thereby determined, by determining the distance from the surface of the insulation material adjacent to the body provides, where the temperature reaches a value lying below the respective dew point, has been determined on the basis of an ordinary

psychrometrischen

/Mollier-diagram, based upon the temperature conditions

Feuchtigkeitsund

, the have been set, and based on a linear

Temperaturgefalle

within the material.