Heißluftmotor

[...] *

[...]air engine is based on 15 November 2009 led AT 506,173 Bl with regard to process those in the patent, but with the substantial difference in the constructive execution, where a crankshaft construction has been selected. The led patent axial construction has the advantage in the use of only one elected work gas distributor, a serious disadvantage, however is that the here comes [...] surface pressure for supporting, which permits only limited benefits come piston force and hence, also for space reasons small roller bearing for use, which have an effect also on the permissible piston force by the gas pressure, and the acceleration/deceleration forces. The with about 850 °C work gas temperatures are limited, since the hot working gas is in contact with the materials directly on the way to the expansion cylinder and a cooling of the materials is to a limited degree.

The purpose of the invention is to describe a construction to reason, on the one hand, in which the operation can be substantially maintained with the high degree of efficiency, but the disadvantages of the limited benefits can be achieved by mechanical problems are avoided [...] with regard to the second higher work gas temperatures by an internal combustion and.

The invention solves the task thereby that is used here as a basis a crankshaft construction, where preferably the engine block with crankshaft, connecting rod and piston of a conventional Multicylinder row engine (1) is applied, where existing cylinder (2) are used as compression stage. Here [...] and exhaust valves with the is the upper part (3) for the compressed air provided with the supply of the ambient air and discharge of the compressed air via separate pipelines. touched down to this are the expanding cylinder (4), which with a cooled piston rod (5) with the compressing piston (6) is connected with a sliding guide compression valve and in the region of the (7) and at the upper end of the expansion cylinder with a pair of rollers (8) is guided. The compression and expansion takes place in separate cylinders, which are connected positively to one another by way of the piston rod. The force bringing in for generating a torque to the crankshaft by means of connecting rod takes place, where the rotational movement takes place. The piston in the expansion section (9) are double-acting and from the outside by means of air cooled (10). The cylinder walls of said expansion cylinder with external heat supply at the given temperature level of about 850 °C high temperature heat exchanger are via a preferably uncooled, wherein a cooling jacket at 1200 °C itself affords work gas temperatures of about with internal combustion, which remains at about 600 °C with the compressed air flows through subsequent to the pre-heating is, in the process where the cooling heat usefully.

Equally the insulation by a casing of refractory material or mineral wool and sheet-metal casing, which relieved the cylinder from the compression forces. (About 800 to 850 °C) from the hot working gas The HT-heat exchanger 2 is supplied via rotating work gas distributor per cylinder (11) to the individual cylinders, which did substantially ü15ar Run 3 tasks : (180° offset for opposite side) entry working gas into the cylinders, closing the cylinder ports of the expansion cylinder and exit of the free gas into the space between with expansion work gas distributor and jacket surrounding (12) with the discharge of the relaxed [...] ** ".* ….[...] pipeline (13). The individual work gas distributor are supplied across a central and co-rotating supply (14) with the compressed working gas. Here is also the fixed bearing (15) provided for the work gas distributorstretch possibility of pressurized connecting line with outside each having a loose bearing to both sides (16). The length stretches[...]work gas distributorwork gas distributor by labyrinth seals are on the periphery of the with the and the in the housing (17) manageable, the leakage losses because of the greater number of such axial construction but higher than in the. The placing of the both on one side can both work gas distributor, and on each side of a of arrival. To is provided to maintain the storage temperature as low as possible is cooled provided, a space for co-rotating [...], which either with air or with insulating material. Also the amount of oil is so dimensioned that the residual heat can be discharged with the oil stream.

In principle, a gas is used here (Joules process), for whom the patent 501,504 B 1 15 May 2009 already been issued, only the elements that have been used for the elements of the compression and expansion can open up and thus the lowermost achievement segment reciprocating engine run an application. The with this process control with the use of wood flour and upper limit an internal combustion under pressure, a power range is still open to well above those with heat input by means of a heat exchanger. For the delivery to the electricity network is a flywheel mass to smooth the speed fluctuations Public (18) mostly advisable, since the forces acting mostly are asymmetric. The motor tends in load shedding for passing through it, therefore a is automatically operated shut-off device (19) for shutting off said work gas entrance provided. The work gas distributor with the same rotational speed as the crank shaft is driven be (20). The hoisting sections are with insulation (21) against heat loss provided.

At this point the measures for the high efficiency were clarity The led: isotherm something similar compression with less power for the compression, thereby additional net power, use of a pre-heating of the cold compressed flue gas remainder warmthlow-temperature heat exchanger for the use of for the air stream, after expansion as combustion air for the offcuts use the exhaust air flow from, this represents the most important measure, thus only supply of the lowest possible amount of relaxation for the heating of the working gas and in particular also the offcuts on 1 bar abs of the working gas, where in normal reciprocating engines 4 bar and temperatures to about 400 °C residual stresses of into the environment will be dismissed, thus the exhaust gas losses be minimized. It is also no cooling water for the cylinder walls necessary, since the pistons are equipped with labyrinth seals and thus run without contact. The temperature of the working gas of about 800 to 850° carbon, are acted upon with which the cylinder walls, with commercially available heat-resistant steels is, since also if necessary cooled, manageable, where the greatest possible creep strength is desirable. The working gas temperature and thus the efficiency is by the mechanical strength at a given temperature of the parts of the engine and the limited high temperature heat exchangerworkgas-affected, this can be remedied by an internal combustion of wood dust, since the supplied combustion air, which is in contact with the parts has, only about 600 °C, the working gas temperature by the internal combustion and cooling of the casing of the expansion cylinder to about 1200 to 1300 °C efficiency potential can achieve with correspondingly good.

As [...] led * [...] for the production of electricity and heat source for addition to offcuts winter term comes in, particularly also for the summer half-year in question and chopped elephant grass and solar energy. Regarding the heat source are used as the known similar elements solar gutters sun, which concentrate the solar irradiation and the heat carrier medium in the focal line, in the subject case pressureless air, which is supplied to a heat accumulator and from there the heated air engine. The solar gutters are mounted on a frame, which can be used and therefore always remains the position of the sun is tracked [...]nn line the solar radiation always at the maximum irradiation and the the tube. Part of the entire installation is a high temperature heat accumulator (to about 300 to 500 °C when using standard steel, wherein a heat resistant steel to about 700 °C). The efficiency is here with 600 to 700° carbon at about 35 to 40%. air engine by an electronic speed control the capacity of the piece of (frequency converter with back food element ) of the generator is controllable, it is also a mechanical multi-step transmission in question. The main operational area thought there would be, where for a sufficient reason establishing a solar gutter collector, the heat accumulator and a good autonomy in offcuts ( cultivation of elephant grass on surfaces, which must be guided as brownfields currently) is made and the use of the waste heat (part by purchases reachable) is given for heating purposes, this is to a large degree, in the agriculture of the case. By [...] of the solar energy during the night are also possible and the operating hours similar to those in a quantity equal to sun belt areas.

An arrangement should also be mentioned at this point, which has very good values energetically and environmentally. Will filled by means of solar collector in summer the solar memory (with soil with a temperature level of about 300 to 500° carbon), with this heat can be finely atomised water evaporates be reduced by means of a heat exchanger in the working gas and thereby the achievement-livingair compression, this increases the efficiency and the thermodynamic data are being improved. This moisture content and heat is condensed after passage of the installation (to about 70 °C) recovered. The efficiency rises in this way for about 65 to 70%, the solar heat not included. The heat of condensation Will used for an ORC process, the efficiency is increasing even at about 75 to 80%, this arrangement would ask to see as views. The special advantage of this arrangement lies therein that the relatively low temperature level of solar stored heat on 300 to 500 °C is used can be used, where still standard steel both in the tubes for the solar collector as well as upon memory, this is connected with lower cost in addition to lesser heat losses and the material also can be 100% recycled. When air engine also still possible although the operation of the temperature level would be indicated, for a given mass flow is only very modest, however, the power yield more, where, on the other hand, this arrangement enables much higher values by the water vapour portion against pure air guide.

Regarding collector should be mentioned that a plurality of parallel arranged 3 (surface approximately 40 to 60 m²⁾solar gutters[...] will be established on a frame, where the working gas is heated in the focal line. The frame is adjustable in 2 planes, whereby always the solar radiation impinges at right angles on the channel is exploited and, this is the way. The working gas can both directly under pressure, and can be used without pressure through the tubes are guided at the focal point, where the existing high temperature heat exchanger for the working gas in the pressureless variant. The provide an uninterrupted uniform mass flow can be controlled by the speed of the generator and by a controllable fan via the air engine in a pressure-free operation, it is achieved that, as far as possible, a high temperature for the working gas and the

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[...][...] * The [...] is regionally different and efficiency, be specified about 1740 hr/year for Linz e.g., where about 800 to 1000 than full load operation hours were adopted could be extended, by the storage on about the 2 to 3 fold and thus making better use of the installation.

This motor is substantially the same construction with the introduction of heat via a air enginehigh temperature heat exchanger, only that the introduction of heat is effected by finely comminuted wood chopping property (wood dust) directly into an internal combustion chamber, formed by the cylinder head and the piston is carried out. The residual heat after the engine outlet by means of recuperator to the inflowing Transferring [...] through/working gas. air engine the introduction of the pressurized combustion air is effected As with the (approximately 600 °C, about 7 to 10 bar abs) in downwardly moving piston work gas distributor into the cylinders via the. The amount is usually dimensioned in such a way that a pressure of 1 bar by the expansion in the cylinder at the end-of-travel is abs, among other things, this allows the high efficiency. A greater amount of air to introduce It is also possible, this enables improve performance, but the efficiency is also somewhat from, for example, 1.4 times a quantity of air at a pressure of 10 bar and a temperature of the working gas of about 1.3 fold allows of about the 1400 °C improve performance, the efficiency drops by about 3 to 4 %.

After testing of multiple variants for introducing the sawing machines into the internal combustion chamber of the pneumatic supply is given priority. The wood dust is admixed only slightly higher pressure than ambient pressure in a construction to approximately 200 °C preheated air stream any one, the mixture by means of a bore by means of a rotating metering device of the feed line to the combustion chamber under higher pressure and introduced (10 to 15 bar abs) blister air than blown into the internal combustion chamber of the main stream. The [...] thereafter fills the supply line to the combustion chamber and air- wood dust mixture by a second co-rotating bore is, at the circumferential angle and radially offset for the pressureless introduction, the path for injecting the air- wood dust mixture released and transported into the combustion chamber with pure air of this wood dust mixture, where it is located at said about 600 °C hot and under pressure of approximately 7 bar abs ignited and the working gas under high excess air at about 1200 to 1400 °C heated with subsequent relaxation. In support of the sawing machines igniting of the injected diesel or heating oil extra a minor amount would also be possible to easily as with a are injected ignition blasting procedure. The admixing of the sawing machines for air may take place either centrally, for the introduction into the combustion chamber are necessary but separated for each cylinder the corresponding elements, but which are driven by a shaft with piston positions or the process step can take account of the.

It should be mentioned that the openings of the cylinder are open during the pressureless introduction into the supply line for work gas distributor (pushing the expanded working gas). The inflow of the combustion air into the cylinder is The next step, where by the pressure rise also in the supply line to a temperature of about 550 °C the wood dust-air mixture heated and you already have a formation of a reaction gas can take place, which is injected with air into the internal combustion chamber and is at the [...][...][...][...][...][...][...][...][...][...][...][...][...][...][...]

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hot combustion air ^ ^ e * * ( [...]. 600® C) [...]' ignited. Desirable would be an isobaric combustion of the injected sawing machines, since here the mechanical stress of piston and cylinder remains small. When combustion air collecting mainwood dust mixture into the cylinder to the hot blowing said, the combustion and the expansion are the cylinder ports by the closed work gas distributor. After the expansion the working gas is derived via the corresponding position on the work gas distributorair engine laterally as in the. The exhaust gas is guided via a recuperator, where the flashed gas under pressure from the compressor of approximately 100 °C and those air amount approximately 7 to 10 bar to approximately 600 °C preheated abs. This temperature is by the choice of the system pressure, shapable, lower pressures lead to higher discharge opening temperatures, it should come to problems in inflammation of the wood dust-air mixture. air engine is also realized here the compression and expansion in separate As with the cylinders using the work gas distributor, which allows in a very simple form the actuation of the different phases of the process stream. The time for introducing the combustion air by the internal combustion/heating is less for air engine, since here the specific volume differ by the different temperatures. At a temperature of approximately 1400 °C ash melt the region of the contacts could be already, this can be dominated by lowering the temperature. This motor are the cylinder walls of said expansion cylinder is cooled carried out, preferably to approximately 600 °C at a pressure of about 7 bar by the combustion air over a cooling jacket standing abs.

When solid fuel engine shifted rather towards the problem in order to produce the fine sawing machines, where in the literature indicated by special mills is the milling. Personally two relatively simple possibilities also appear promising. First carbide tipped circular saw blades with a sort of roller, where a worm and pressed against these high speed roller the offcuts or wood as a whole is reduced in size. Secondly, would also still occupied industrial corundum or a hard metal disc or cylinder a with, in each case at a high speed continuously, in question, where also a worm presses the wood and the supply is controlled according to the current consumption of the motor for the cylinder. There is, in principle, also the possibility of additional injection of diesel for ignition of the wood dust-air mixture for the case that the blown-in wood dust does not fire or the burn time and thus would take a very long time for the function could be achieved.

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pointing the way one[...] dhs * efficiency:

Output data: Stationary arrangement operated with wood chopping property, 6 cylinder for expansion double-acting, internal diameter about 120 mm, stroke approximately 160 mm, to approximately 400 °C by NT heat exchanger preheating, in high temperature heat exchanger to about 850 °C, rotational speed about 600 to 1100 rpm, 6 cylinder single-acting for compression, inner diameter for compression approximately 120 mm, stroke approximately 160 mm, 0.2 kg/sec (at 750 rpm) gas mass stream approx., power (750 rpm) 40 KW approx. base stage, (approximately 1100 rpm) 80 KW stage of development to about, 7 bar abs compression pressure, approximately 3.5% of total air mass streamchopping property supply, water supply for approximately 5% isotherm something similar compression, flow rates at about 50 m/sec relevant cross-sections.

I ask here to consider that the selected here are parameters for instance being singled out, as regards the choice of pressure and temperature where there are a plurality of different combinations, the lead naturally to a different outcome. Also at the chosen pressure of 7 bar is in the compression, the gas outlet temperature in the range from about 400 °C with an entry temperature of about 850 °C where wt predominantly standard steel can be used for the low temperature, this is good for a person's costs from acting. The indicated values for the heat supply by the specific heat capacity at constant pressure ( [...] ) can be made, in principle, the technical work in expansion equal printing portionwork of change of VOL around and the (qzul2 = wl2) be equated or respectively of the, where the theoretical efficiency can be determined by taking account of the work of compression. Typically intake air temperature with 0 °C calculated, here 20 °C around the case may be to better respond to. For the isotherm something similar compression with a which is a rise in temperature is needed, so as not to fall below the saturation limit and wherein are abs range 85 °C. The at about 7 bar for the efficiency of the most significant factors and, of course, the process control system pressure and said selected engine entrancework gas temperature for.

The isentropic efficiency for expansion, as well as the losses during the expansion and has been subject to some extent over the labyrinth seals [...] with 0.92. It is calculated from the approximately 3.5% warming up need of the gas and also the need for wood with available work productionmass supplyair engine for on the piston of the. The supply of water vapour from the compression is carried out with a little energy, since here the water evaporates and this mass must be compacted under achievement expenditure on the piston position (0.5 viewed across the path of the sprayed-in mass). The spec for the average values used in the invoice. From tables relevant literature come heat capacity.

humidity entry : about 5% water supply by which is in intake air. By evaporating the water from water supply by temperature difference on the recuperator could, for example about 1.5% in addition, as well as the additional mass supply for combustion, not yet, however, these values are to be considered as completely safeguarded, possibly also only a total of 6.5% humidity entry, 5% calculated.

W = R x T x ln pl/p2=

0.2872 kJ/kg. K 1/7 = - 293 K X ln 163.7 kJ/kg x (t = 20 °C)

0.2872 kJ/kg. K 1/7 = - 353 K X ln 197.2 kJ/kg x (t = 85 °C)

Arithmetic means : - 180.5 kJ/kg (- = energy to be supplied)

Compression Water Vapour:

gas constant 0.4615 kJ/kg in the ratio of the water. K, w = - 290 kJ/kg (100%)

Adoption Total about 5% water content (falls with increasing path than gas to, therefore about half of the amount of gas over overall compaction) - 0 290 kJ/kg x, 025 = 7,2 kJ/kg

Compaction Total: 7.2 kJ/kg = 187 180.5 kJ/kg +, 7 kJ/kg

5% and 3.5% = cooling air need approx. mass supply wood compaction air for approximately

187.7 kJ/kg 1 x, 085 = ca 205 kJ/kg.

air engine : (5% water vapour from compression + about 1.5% water vapour from heat overhang by additional residual heat mass of gas from combustion and temperature difference at the recuperator withdrawal + about 5% additional effective mass by wood pulp from the combustion, where an additional air mass can be heated, but also these corresponding air must be compressed)

Use [...] (n = 1.34... practically present)

instead of (Kappa 1.40) isentropic exponent

850 °C working gas temperature, system pressure at 7 bar abs air engine

(estimated temperature of the working gas)

Isobaric heat supply: [...] x [...] = (TI-T2)

Temperature end expansion of the [...] :

T2 = TI x n -1/n (p2/pl) high (0.2537)

1123 x 1/7 high 0.2537 = 685Κ = 412 °C

[...] = ( [...] x tl) - 1.077 kJ/kg ( [...][...] ) / (tl -12) =. K x 850 °C-

1.030 kJ/kg. K (850 °C -412 °C) = 491/412 °C/438 = 1.121 x kJ/kg. K

[...] = 1.121 kJ/kg (Tl-T2) = [...] x. K x 438 K = 491 kJ/kg = wl2

Heating and expansion with specwater vapour portion in the ratio of the 5%. Heat capacity = x 2 491 [...] steam = 0.05 x 2 = 49.1 kJ/kg kJ/kg x

Proportion of 3.5% 1 491 kJ/kg x mass supply by fuel =, 035 = 508 kJ/kg

Total: 49 kJ/kg = 557 kJ/kg kJ/kg + 508, compression 205 kJ/kg

Efficiency = [...]" ** * _AOE280A2AO> _AOE280A2AO>

heat supplied=

heat supplied

Efficiency : (205 kJ/kg kJ/kg -557 (558 kJ/kg) = 352/557 kJ/kg = 0.632/kJ/kg

Approximate isentropic efficiency and transfer to the cylinder wall with labyrinth seals about 0.92 light of the

557 kJ/kg x 0.92 = 512 kJ/kg, difference 44.5 kJ/kg

With existing reductionmore theoretically efficiency:

512 512 kJ/205 kJ/kg kJ/kg-kg = 307 kJ/kg/ 512 kJ // kg = 0.599

gas flow heating up : isentropic one or is identical to the expansion work in the normal case. equal printing portionmore ISOablegas flow heating up[...] and the gas inlet and the. There is still be taken into account that the supplied fuel (about 3.5% mass fraction) with approximately 10 to approximately 30 °C warming up need of 412 °C also a ( warming up need fuel content taken into account in calculation in the further) kJ/kg has about 3.5% as the expansion work here is taken into account by the enlargement of the heat supply. When recuperator is still a temperature difference (about 35 °C) with approximately 35 kJ/kg into account, therefore the total heat requirement wherein

air engine Isobaricheat supply to 850 ° carbon, ( n = 1.34 and moisture in air flow remains [...] )

512 205 kJ/kg kJ/kg-/ (512+35 kJ/kg + 10 kJ/kg) = 557 kJ/kg = 0.551 307 kJ/kg/

850 °C air engine operates isobarically, (n = 1.34 [...] ; no moisture calculated in the air stream upon expansion)

508 0.92 = 467 kJ/kg kJ/kg x

467 kJ/kg -467 kJ/kg = 262 205 kJ/kg/ 467 kJ/kg = 0.562/kJ/kg

262 kJ/kg/ (467 kJ/kg + 35 kJ/kg + 10 kJ/kg) = 512 kJ/kg = 0.512 262 kJ/kg/

1200 °C adopted solid fuel engine working gas temperature, ( n = 1.34 and moisture in air flow remains [...] )

Isobaric heat supply: [...] x [...] = (TI-T2)

Temperature end expansion of the [...] :

Τ2 = Τ1 x n1/n (p2/pl) high (0.2537)

1473 x 1/7 high 0.2537 = 899 K = 626 °C

[...] = ( [...] x tl) - 1.11 kJ/kg ( [...] * t2) / (tl -12) =. K x 1200 °C-

1.055 kJ/kg. [...] -= * 672 626 K x 574 = 1.17 kJ/kg/ °. K

[...] = 1.17 kJ/kg (TI-T2) = [...] x. K x 574 K = 672 kJ/kg = wl2

Heating and expansion with specwater vapour portion in the ratio of the 5%. Heat capacity = x 2 672 [...] steam = 0.05 x 2 = 67.2 kJ/kg kJ/kg x

Proportion of 3.5% 1 by fuel = 672 kJ/kg x mass supply, 035 = 695 kJ/kg total: 67.2 kJ/kg = 762 695 kJ/kg +, 2 kJ/kg, compression 205 kJ/kg

Efficiency = utilisable energy

heat supplied=

heat supplied

Efficiency : (205 kJ/kg kJ/kg -762 (762 kJ/kg) = 557 kJ/kg/ 762 kJ/kg = 0.731/

Approximate isentropic efficiency and transfer to the cylinder wall with labyrinth seals about 0.92 light of the

762 kJ/kg x 0.92 = 701 kJ/kg, difference 61 kJ/kg

more theoretically efficiency with existing reductionwarming up need /temperature difference recuperator and:

701 kJ/ [...] kJ/kg (701 kJ/kg + 45 kJ/kg)/ 496 kJ/kg/ 746 kJ/kg = 0.665=

512 212 kJ/kg = 300 kJ/kg kJ/kg -557 kJ/kg = 0 /, 539 x 0,95 (current) = 0,512

467 kJ/kg -212 kJ/kg -255 kJ/kg/ 512 kJ/kg = 0, (current) = 0 498 x 0,95,473

701 212 kJ/kg = 489 kJ/kg kJ/kg -746 kJ/kg = 0 /, 655 x 0,95 (current) = 0,622

639 212 kJ/kg = 427 kJ/kg kJ/kg -684 kJ/kg = 0 /, 624 x 0,95 (current) = 0,593

Mass flows at respective exit temperatures without moisture 7 bar 1 bar abs/

412 °C:v = 1.94 m^3/kg, provide an uninterrupted uniform mass flow: 0,155 kg/sec at 600 rpm, current: 37.5 KW (850 °C) 626 °C:v = 2.55 m^3/kg, provide an uninterrupted uniform mass flow: 0,118 kg/sec at 600 rpm, current: 50.5 KW (1200 °C)

Speed 600 rpm: 44.2 KW (850 °C)

Heating power m. Humidity 87.7 KW

Without moisture: 37.5 KW (850 °C),

Heating power or humidity 81.3 KW

57.7 KW (1200 °C) moisture

88.3 KW

50.5 KW (1200 °C)

81.9 KW

120.5 KW (1200 °C) moisture

161.8 KW

92,2 KW (1200 °C)

150,2 KW

Speed 1100U/mm: 81.1 KW (850 °C),

Heating power m. Humidity 160.8 KW

Without moisture : (850 °C) 68.7 KW,

Heating power or humidity 149.1 KW

(Note: The rotational speed upon solid fuel engine with about 750 rpm is likely to be limited)

Recoverable efficiency with the moisture content in the working gas is higher by about 4% at the respective temperatures without moisture content compared to working gas abs, also increases by about 5% per 100 °C The efficiency with the working gas temperature higher working gas temperature. Period 7 bar due to the technical conditions system pressure, working gas temperature approximately 800 to 850° C, 76 KW chopping property burner can be indicated as firing capacity of the about, current achievements relate to which the.

Condensation heat for district heating : (of about 85 °C to about 30 °C)

358 kJ/kg = 491 kJ/kg kJ/kg + 0,05 x 2653

313 kJ/kg = 338 kJ/kg kJ/kg + 0,01 x 2556

Enthalpy difference: 152 kJ/kg

This heat after compression is insertable for the space heat production. Taking numberablereductions as mechanical losses due to friction of not closer, but pressure losses of 0.5 bar appears an efficiency of approximately 40 to 50% for the air engine and approximately 50 to 60 when solid fuel engine attainable. For 0.95 generator efficiency have been brought in the consideration of the approach. The total efficiency with total heat utilization is about 85%.

[...][...] 1 and 2 names in drawings

1 engine block with crankshaft, connecting rod, piston

2 Cylinder for air compression

3 [...] and exhaust valves

4 expansion cylinder

5 piston rod coolable

6 compressing piston

7 sliding guide

8 roller pair

9 piston expansion section coolable

10 cooling air supply

11 2 [...] Drawing work gas distributor see also

12 jacket work gas distributor

13 pipeline connecting relaxed working gas

14 centrally [...]

15 fixed bearing

16 movable bearing

17 labyrinth seals

18 flywheel mass

19 From self organ

20 drive work gas distributor

21 thermal insulation