CRIMPED HOLLOW FIBERS FOR FLUID SEPARATION

The invention concerns semipermeable, a multiplicity of waves exhibiting hollow fibers, which exhibit a sufficient firmness, so that the multiplicity of the w remains waves during the fluid separation: from this, essentially paralleoriented hollow fibers formed hollowchamfer-inherit Qndewith a diameter of at least about 002 m and a packing factor of at least 40% as welas the use of this n hollow fibers and this Hohffaserbflndein fluid separating equipment.

When using hollow fibers in separating equipment different problems can occur, which reduce the effectiveness of the separating equipment. Thus the Hohlfasem is located in contact with other fibers in the separating equipment, in which the fibers are zusammenge -5 fassi. The arising Kontakiflaeche is not suitable for the desired separation, so that the flow rate and effective wedge are reduced. In addition the contact of the hollow fibers obstructs the river of the fluid around the hollow fibers and by in such a way the hollow fibers through, whereby an uneven river within separate device and located flow corners will receive. This Fluidia enthxlten if it with the exterior surface of the fibers in contact stands a increased concentration 55 of a less durchlassigen fluid of the fed mixture. The larger concentration of the less durchlassigen fluid of the output mixture leads to a increased permeability of the less durchlassigen fluid by the diaphragms and reduces so the w selectivity of the separation. In extreme cases, with which the design mixture is a liquid, the fluid bags are satisfied in such a way with the less durchlassigen fluid that the less permeable fluid fail or between the hollow fibers separate yourself. With &s the use vo. hollow fibers with relatively small outside diameter and thin side panels are the fibers honour flexibly. Even if the hollow fibers in one separating equipment are summarized in such a way the fact that the contact between the Hohlfasem is as small as possible is not to be prevented it however that the hollow fibers increasingly with one another in contact turned out and unequal distribution channels due to the easy mobility of the highly flexible hollow fibers during the execution of the separation process form.

Attempts were undertaken to improve the fluid distribution between the hollow fibers with separate devices, which contain hollow fiber diaphragm. In US * HP of 36 16 928 becomes the use of strongly rippled/crinkled hollow fibers, which possess a statistic three-dimensional cam shape, soft spirals, waves, loops and eddies exhibits, which are present in irregular intervals along the hollow fiber, when semipermeable diaphragms described. The gekrauselten Hohlfasem is adhaesiv connected at a multiplicity of adjacent Raechen with one another, whereby the spatial arrangement between the hollow fibers is determined. The separating equipment is equipped with means for the supply of the fluid mixture over the periphery of the accumulation of the hollow fibers, so that the supplied fluids can flow du/ch the H oh 1 fiber n radially inward. That is, the US patent specification etthaell however no data concerning the cross-section area of the separating equipment, those by the hollow fibers is occupied no instructions waiters the packing factors or the component density. To be this portion seems however relative small, e.g. about 16% in accordance with example 4 US patent specification, while with usual separation plants, in which the mixture which can be separated into the openings the hollow frays is fed, this surface often is with approximately 45 to 60% or more (see US-HP of 33 39 341, column 5, lines 10 to 25). The use one * low packing factor, as it is suggested in US-HP of 36 16 928, stands contrary to the desire for reduction of the separating equipment. Beyond that adhaesive connecting of the hollow fibers makes a further process step necessary the maintenance of the spatial arrangement of the fibers and the presence of the adhesive reduces the Mcmbranoberflaectv for the execution of the Fluidt running, the available.

The task of the available invention consists thus of it, semipermeable Hohlfasem and hollow fiber > bundles to indicate, which a better penetration of the fiber bundle by that, so that succeeds, on increase the separating equipment makes fluid which can be separated for the separation effectiveness possible to lining one.

The subject of the invention are therefore semipermeable, i a multiplicity of waves exhibiting hollow fibers, which exhibit a sufficient firmness, so that the multiplicity of the waves remains t running during the Ruid, which is characterized by the fact that the waves possess Wellenamp Htuden of less as 50% > "> of the Aufiendurchmessers of the hollow fibers and a middle wave period of less than 15 cm.

This erfindungsgemtssen Hohlfasem is in particular suitable for the education by hollow fiber bundles, which fray a multiplicity of Jm substantial parallel oriented -1 "hollow to this kind exhibit, and which it possesses a diameter of at least 0.02 m and a packing factor of less than 40% and is characterized by the fact that at least 50% the Hohlfasem defined above contain them. -Die semipermeable hollow fibers according to invention and thereby the formed hollowchamfer-inherit Qndel in accordance with a further execution form of the invention in fluid separating equipment are used, so that one receives separating equipment, which exhibits one favourably despite * compact volume a large diaphragm surface range. Distributed despite high packing factors a good flood: industrial union in the bundle reaches, so that those ssenflaechen at least a durchlassiges fluid outer Fweisende fluid mixture on A the J "> hollow fibers be given up can, according to which the penetrated through fluid can be taken off easily from the inside of the hollow fibers.

With use of the hollow fibers according to invention for the education of hollow fiber bundles it is not necessary Û to plan means those the necessary spatial distribution of the fibers guarantees or special process steps for the reaching of a packing factor, which makes a fluid distribution possible between the bundles to use. A special * > advantage arises as a result of the fact that the hollow fibers according to invention do not have to be fixed using an adhesive in the hollow fiber bundle in their arrangement, in order to achieve a desired packing factor in the bundle, if this is used with one > "fluid separation.

The advantages high of the Efasern according to invention with the small ripples is it shown in particular if the fluid mixture is given up on the cladding side of the bundles, in the comparison to the task of the "fluid mixture to the Huellaeite of a bundle of hollow fibers, which essentially exhibit no ripples, since by the ripples a good fluid distribution is reached with small decrease of pressure. The advantages show up in particular if the W1 fluid mixture is radially fed, i.e., if the fluid mixture is entered into the middle part of the bundle and essentially perpendicularly to the orientation of the hollow fibers or predominantly axially flows, i.e., the fluid mixture is entered at one **' outside part of the bundle, flows generally in the same direction as the fibers and withdraws at the other end of the bundle. Since one assumes the fact that a radial supply is connected with an improved fluid separation efficiency can be received a favourable Fluidtrennwtrksanikeit, by introducing the mixture axially to those the erfindungsgem&ssen hollow fibers contained BSndcI. The axial supply can be desirable, since the separating equipment is less complex developed than the Trennvorriehtung with radial supply and no radial Zufoehrungsvorrichtw.igen within the bundle be planned must. The bundles, which are used for the axial current, can contain a larger portion of Membranoberfllche per volume of the separating equipment than this semipermeable Hohlfasem of the invention wise ripples or waves of small amplitude, istDie during the separating equipment with radial supply the case, up. Surprisingly it showed up that a desirable distribution of the fluid mixtures in the bundles from the hollow fibers can be achieved also if the bundles exhibit a relatively high packing factor. The amplitude of the ripples is not so large that to an unwanted number of upper crossings and/or upper covering the hollow frays comes, if these oriented fiber bundles in a closely packed, essentially parallel are arranged.

The expression crossovers means herein that the ripples and/or waving exhibits an amplitude, which is so large the fact that the wave stands out sufficient far from the axle of the Hohl?aser and so between two or several neighbouring hollow fibers is present, and the neighbouring hollow fibers in a distance stop, which corresponds at least to the diameter of the fiber these overlaps prevents that bundles with high packing factors will receive.

Favourable way amounts to the amplitude of the waves 1 to 30% of the outside diameter of the hollow fiber. A certain compression of the Buendeis serves to each other to hold and prevent the Hohlfasem in an essentially fixed arrangement that the hollow fibers move and form so lateral flowing through channels, which lower the effectiveness of the separation. The compression of the fibers is not to lead to an unwanted localization of the Hohtfasern, so that depresses the fluid in these regions one prevents, or daE it to an uneven loading of the hollow fibers comes, which can lead to a collapse of the Hohlfasem. Each of the waves on a hollow fiber or between the hollow fibers, to be used around a bundle to form, exhibits the same or a different Amptitude as the other waves. The amplitudes of the waves can vary over the entire range, so that it does not come to the Ausbitdung of a register between the hollow fibers. The bundle can contain also hollow fibers without waves, which are distributed between the hollow fibers with waving. Hollow fibers with a distribution of a Weueenamplitude from 10 to 30% of the diameter of the hollow fiber, which are combined into a bundle with a packing factor of 30%, exhibit a good fluid distribution with axial Zufuhrung.

The diameters of the hollow fibers can over a weilen range vary! becomes, whereby the hollow fibers should exhibit however a sufficient wall thickness, so that waving remains. The outside diameter of the hollow fibers amounts to generally few stens so over, whereby fibers with the same or with different Ausscndurchmesser to sin) to be summarized can. Often d*r outside diameter betroegt up to 800 or 1000 pm. Although the hollow fibers with a larger outside diameter 5 can be used, are however less suitable this due to the small portion of the hollow fiber surface per unit volume of the fluid separating equipment. Preferably the outside diameter of the Hohlfasem amounts to 150 to 800 (in, the amplitude of the waves in lies generally within the range of 10 to 400 (in and/or. it has itself to keep 10 to 300 pm with a middle wave amplitude from approximately 15 to 250 umEs shown that the waves do not have to be distributed continuously over the length of the Hohlfasem, is around appropriate hollow fiber diaphragms for the composition in a bundle. So the waves can be intermittently over the length of the hollow fibers arranged and the frequency of the waves can be irregular. Also fibers with 20 a distribution of regular Wsllen can be used. At least about 50%, preferably at least about 75% of the fibers are in a bundle gewelk and/or rippled/crinkled the Hohlfasem, which is periodically curved, exhibit on the average at least one wave per 5 cm r > faserlaenge. The middle frequency of the waves over the length of the hollow fibers amounts to 0.2 to 10 per cm or more, in particular 0.25 to 5 per cm.

If the frequency of the waves is irregular in the hollow fiber, the waves lie in the m general with a frequency from approximately 1 to approximately 50 waves per 5cm e.g.. 1 to 30 waves per 5cm of the hollow fiber length forwards.

The period of the waves, i.e. the length of each wave should be as so as possible short that the wave maintains this n configuration and it essentially does not come to a change of the amplitude of the wave, if the hollow fibers are combined into a bundle. If the period of the wave is too long and rises gradually up to the apex, 4t small mechanical forces are used, in order to stretch the hollow fiber. In order the invention-in accordance with-eaten advantages too received, the period of the wave can be relatively short, e.g. less than about 5 cm. The length of the waves is generally limited by the dimensions of the hollow fiber, i.e., with H<?H 1 generally smaller wave periods fray be received with smaller diameter can. The middle wave period is with approximately 0.05 to 5 cm, e.g. with 0,1 to 2 cmDie amplitude, the frequency of the waves and the ' wave period is factors, which in relationship with the configuration of the hollow fibers. A useful aid, these factors for the description of the configuration of the hollow fibers contains is the relationship of the real length of the curved hollow company "< sern for the length of the hollow fibers, if these are gesjreckt. Optical analyzers, e.g. so-called picture analyzers are available for the Besti/nmung of these factors, with which the hollow fibers do not have to be strained. Regarding the small "--i differences between the curved and/or rippled/crinkled length and the ungewellten length also the difference (in per cent) can be consulted the Laengenaenticrung due to the ripples. The Langenaendcrung in per cent is irn more generally in the range forwards etwueO.Ol to 10. in particular about 0,05 to 1.

The hollow fibers pfimaeli the invention are arranged essentially parallel to each other in the bundle.

The cross section of the Boendels can exhibit each form, which is suitable for the use in Fluldtrennvorrichtungen, z. Br a circular Querschniu or an oval cross section the packing factor of the bundle bceinflusst from the amplitude of the waves, the frequency of the waves, the period of the waves and the compression of the bundle. It lies with at least 40%. The packing factor of the bundle is vorzugswet to SE with approximately 45 to 65%. During a separating equipment, with which the mixture is axially supplied, the packing factor of the bundle is appropriately with approximately 45 to 55%. Since the packing factor will receive due to the configuration of the hollow fibers, it is to be planned not necessarily area distribution devices, in order to stop the packing factor in the desired ranges. For bundles with essentially circular cross section the diameter of the bundle within wide ranges can vary, e.g. from at least 0.02 to in or more. If those is radially supplied half-breed of the separating equipment, the diameter of the Buendeis can be:-more /ér gr than 1 m, whereby it comes nevertheless to one entsprechentlci fluid distribution in the bundle, without it comes to the training of an unwanted decrease of pressure. On the other side it was stated that, if the mixture of the separating equipment is axially supplied an intensified fluid distribution in the bundle with higher space velocity can be achieved. Appropriately smaller bundle diameters used, e.g. about 0.02 or 0,05 to 0.5 m. the effective length of the hollow fibers in the bundle can within wide ranges vary, e.g. from 0,2 to 15 or 20 m, in particular about 1 to 1 COM.

The bundle is at at least one end firmly embedded utn fluid a connection between the outside and internal Raechen of the hollow fibers to prevent with exception by the semipermeable walls of the fibers. Each suitable method for embedding the Fasem into the Einbettui.gsma;erial can be used, e.g. pouring the imbedding material around the ends of the bundle around (see US-HP of 33 39 341 and 34 42 389) or impregnating the ends of the fibers with imbedding material during the hollow fibers into a bundle to be combined (vgl.US-PS3455460und3690465).

It is wished that with summarizing the bundles the waves of the hollow fibers do not collapse to a register. The prevention of the formation of a register can be achieved by different measures, e.g. by the fact that one arranges the fibers in such a way that the waves do not into one another-fit with regularly waved hollow fibers. This procedure is unwanted complicated. Favourable way unters:, hi;iden itself hollow fibers at least in wellenfrequenzen, which Wetlcnperiode and/or the Weilenamplituaen, so that the hollow are arbitrarily summarized fa&ern and the probability that one receives t;;ne ur.erwuenschte number of fibers in form of a register, is minimal.

The hollow fibers can be made of all usual synthetic and natural materials, if diesi: for the Fkudtrennimgen geegNael are or as carriers for materials are suitable, which can be einge.set/t into the Ftuidtrennungen. So that the Fasrvri Aic maintains erf'ndungsgemaesse waving, the fibers suitable m should et; h A n i sees characteristics exhibiting, e.g. the waves should not disappear in the run the time or during the separation process.

If hollow fibers are made of materials with smaller tensile strength, it can be necessary to use the fibers with larger diameter and stronger wall thickness in order to lend to the waves of the hollow fibers the sufficient firmness, so that they maintain their configuration. Generally the wall thickness of the hollow fibers amounts to at least about 5 around and in some cases amounts to the wall thickness up to 200 or 300 u.m, in particular about 50 to 200 over. The material of the hollow fiber in most cases exhibits a relatively high course module, i.e. modulus of elasticity "the Young module, so that the waves can be loaded both longitudinal and leterai. Generally the course module (ASTM D 638) amounts to at least about 147 N/mm -, in particular at least about 392 N/mm!. The appropriately usable polymere materials selected from such polymers, the one course module of approximately 589 bis4905 N/mm*aufweisen.

When materials for the production of the hollow fibers know Polymermaterielien are used, both from addition polymers and condensation polymers for the production of suitable hollow fibers are suitable, besiehe n to be able. Some organic polymer materials can be mixed also with inorganic materials, e.g. waddings. Suitable polymer materials know substituted or unsubstituierte polymer materials to be, which are selected, e.g. from polysulfones, Polystyrolen including styrene containing copolymers, e.g. acrylonitrile Slyrol copolymers, styrene butadiene copolymers and styrene of Vinylbenzylhalogenid copolymers: Potycarbonate, cellulose polymer materials e.g. zelluloseacetat, Zelluloseacetatbutyat, Zellulosepropyonat, E t hy 1 cellulose, Methylzeliulose, nitrocellulose one etc.; PP and Polyimide including A ry 1 pole y A m i de and Arylpolyimide: Poiyaetner; Polyaryl oxides, e.g. polyphenylene oxide and Polyxylyienoxid: Polyesteramiddiisocyanat; PU: Polyester including Polyacrylate. e.g. Polyethylemerephthalat. Polyalkylmethacrylate, Polyalkylacrylate. Polyphenylemerephthalat etc.; Poiysulfide. Polymere one from monomer connections, which are rtoiefinisch insatiated, other Monome rverbindungen than mentioned above, z. B.

Polyethylene. Polypropylene. Polybuten-1. Poly-4-methylpentenl. Polyvinyl. e.g. polyvinyl chloride. Poly. inylfluorid. Polyvinyiidenchlond, Polyvinvlidenfluorid, PoaeyvinylalkohoL, Polyvinylester. e.g. Polyvinytecetate and Polyviny 1 propionate. Polyvinylpjridine. Polyviny Ipyrro i idone. Polyvinylaether, Polyviny i ketone, Polyvinylaldehyde, z. B. Polyvinyl formaldehyde and Poryvinyibutyraldehyd, Poiyvmylamide, Poryvinyiamine, Polyvinyhjrethane, in Poly vi n y 1 h A rns lo f fe, polyvinyl of phosphates and Polyvinylsulfate; Polyallyle, Poly ben zoben di m i dazo l; Polyhydrazide, Polyoxadiazole: Containing to Polytria/ole, Polybenzimidazol;Polycarbodiimide, Polyphosphazine and interpolymers including Blocktcrpolymere repeating units of the bengenannten units, e.g. Terpolymere of Acrylnitrilvinylbromid (sodium salt) the p-Sulfophenylmethallylaether and grafting polymers and Poly m it mix u n towards containing the before specified. The suitable Subslituenten f Ur the substituted polymer connections is halogen, e.g. fluorine. Chlorine and bromine. Hydroxyl groups, low alkyl groups, low alkoxy groups, monocydische groups of aryls low acyl groups.

The waves can be trained in usual way into the hollow fibers. So one can soften e.g. straight hollow fibers with a solvent or a Plastifiziermittel, mechanically distort, in order to train the wave shape and then according to w egg 12 rbe works n to remove e.g. a drying around the solvent or Plastifiziermittel so that the fiber receives again the desired firmness. Alternatively to it or additionally to it the material of the hollow fiber can be softened by use of warmth. In each case softening of the material is then sufficient, if the interior core of the fiber remains with the application of mechanical forces for the production of the wave in more substantial, unchanged, and/or is not made smaller. A suitable procedure for the production of waves with hollow spin fibers, i.e. hollow fibers, those coagulated from a solution of the material in a Nichtloesungsmittel for the Materia! gesponnen becomes, is untwisting of the hollow spin fiber on a hasp during the fibers is still wet. If the solvent is evaporated, and the hollow fiber on the hasp is dried, bends the hollow fibers to shrink and practices so a increased pressure on the lower fibers up. Diesor pressure supplies the mechanical strength those is around the desired ripples to be produced and with the evaporation of the solvent keeps the fibers their firmness necessary back, so the waves to be fixed. Since the forces, which are exerted on the hollow fibers, with which depth of the hollow fiber within the federation!s vary, it comes to the training of irregular waves on the hollow fibers, whereby the outside portions of the bundle exhibit a smaller more spacious ripples than the hollow fibers, those inside center of the bundle arranged is the following examples serves the closer explanation of the invention. All parts and percentage figures of the liquids and solids are parts by weight and/or weight percentage and all parts and declarations of weight that gases are volumenteile and/or percents by volume; if nothing different one indicated is example l it a Hohtfaser made of the dry Porysulfonpoh/merverbmdung with the following repetitive unit where fl(polymerization degree) eiwa 50 to 80 isl.

To erhallen the polysulfone mixed with Dimethylacetamid around a mass, which of about 27.5 thread % the Po contains \y m it connection and which becomes mass then versponnen (coagulated), by one her by a spin nozzle pre Bt. in water from approximately 4"C dived in isi. The spin nozzle weisi outside nozzles by m eats r of 0.0559cm and an internal thorn size of 0.0229cm and a Einsprii/oeffnung by 0,0127cm, by the water is introduced, up. The mass is pumped to the spin nozzle in a quantity of eiwa 7,2 mi per Minuie and of the spin nozzle as hollow fiber in a quantity of 33 m/Minute taken off. After the coagulation of the fibers is essentially terminated, this is washed at ambient temperature. The hollow fiber becomes essentially without tension by means of a hasp on roll devices on 30.48 a cm hasp (distance between the internal heads approx.. 25.4 cm) untwisted. The hollow fiber becomes by an axially arranged guidance organ, which is arranged at both ends of the hasp.

one leads and one collects on the surface of the turning hasp, one untwists so there B the hollow fiber on the hasp in successive layers in Helixform. The hasp is stored in damp condition at ambient temperature, whereby the fibers in the bundle shrink and the waves and/or forms ripples. The hollow fibers are then rolled up to a ball mil an extent by approximately 6 m. The hollow fibers are then removed, hung up from long strands from the ball in 3 m and dried then with ambient temperature and more normally laboratory-damp industrial union wedge. The H oh i fray exhibit an outside diameter of approximately 540 again and an inside diameter of approximately 260 in.

A statistically selected sample of the Hohlfascrn is removed for shanks from the dried Slrang and analyzed concerning that configuration-own mil a picture analyzer. The sample contains Faserleile of the inside, the center section and the outside part of the hasp. The test results are in the following table I zusammengefa Ol.

Table l relative frequency feature withdrawal of the Wellen/cm waves amplitude (mm) Ilohlfaser of the bundle of 0 to 1 l to 2 2 to 3 0 to 0.05 0.05 to 0.1 to 0.1,0,2 Laengenaendemng per cm (%) 0.2 and more Obis l to 2 2 to 3 3 and more inside 24,143 0 center 9 82 5 outside 108 0 0 144,190 7 60 136,144,179 4 47 233 38 162 8 190 72 2 of example will curved and/or rippled/crinkled hollow fibers essentially in the procedure in accordance with example 1 manufactured and to a bundle too essentially parallel oriented Hoeh Ifasem together gefass L it to become about 1200 hollow fibers with a length of about used 30 cm, woebet the fibers to be statistically selected BUS the fibers, which were taken from the hasp out of all ranges. The Hohtfasern forms a cylindrical bundle with a diameter of approximately 2$ cm and a packing factor of approximately 50%. The bundle will become by means of a Oxyharzmasse at both ends sealed and then the ends (tube sheet and connecting piece ends} gefaucht into a liquid epoxy resin mass, on which one lets harden the epoxy resin after the resin is hardened, the ends cut off, in order to open the interiors of the Hohlfasem with the tube sheet end.

The bundle then into a password of 5 thread % of a vemetzten Dimethylsiloxanpoivmers, which hardens with ambient temperature, in ISO pentane dived the inside of the hollow fray is located in connection with a vacuum from approximately 800 to 933 mbar. The 5n bundle is immersed for approximately 15 minutes into the solution and the vacuum further 15 minutes will maintain, after the bundle was pulled out of the solution the coated BuendeS during approximately 24 hours with approximately 40 to M of gas determines the permeability over the middle logarithmic partial pressure waste along the noblen fibers determines the separation factor determined, by one the permeability of the hydrogen by the permeability of Carbon monoxide divided in addition the separation effectiveness determined, by the separation factor computed from the zugefuhrten gas, containing hydrogen and Kohlenmonoxtd, by the separation factor divided which one receiving, if one makes the separation from essentially pure hydrogen and essentially pure Kohlcnmonoxrd.

Small ones separation effective wedges often show a small Flitidverteilung in the bundle to whereby it to local Tiihellc ii-areas of high concentrations of the unwanted component (Carbon monoxide) come, and whereby the permeation of the unwanted component rises and the separation factor drops. The test results be-Indian-following Tabellellzusammengefasst.

Attempt exp. pressure (bar) Slriimung, 1 (STM)/Min. supply (volume %) Att Ucn inside Aulien inside feeding hurry ropes sung CUj CO permeable separation factor keit sec. CNI Hgx ]QfHj CD Mischg. Bend.

Separation effective wedge i i 27.4 3.58 14.2 3.0 17.2 15.9 10.3 73.8 45 1.45 31 33 g 2 21,1 7.65 19.5 9,2 28.6 73 27 51 2.0 26 34 3 21,1 7.75 4.5,6,7 11.2 73 27 53 2,0 27 34 n 4 14,2 4.32 19 8 27 73 27 56 2.0 28 34 i 5 14,3 4.32 4,4 5 10.4 73 27 56 1.8 3l 34 P 6 27,5 3.72 15 8,5 23.6 50 50 45 1.8 26 33 |i 7 27.5 3.72 13 3.3 16.3 24 76 44 1,6 27 33 ' 8 27.5 3.63 8.6 15,8 24.3 73 27 54 2.4 22 32 9 27.5 3,72 12.6 3.6 16.2 24 76 42 1.4 22 32 10 27.5 3.63 13 9 22 50 50 49 2.2 22 32 ** 1 n 27.5 3.72 12.3 3.2 15.5 16 M 73 45 1,8 26 32 * 12 26.5 0.62 10.6 1.2 11.8 3 97 34 1.5 23 33 example 3 (comparison example) the procedure of example 2 is essentially repeated, however with the difference, since B the w used hollow fibers are not rolled up after the spin procedure on a hasp and therefore no ripples to exhibit. There you; Hollow fibers are essentially wave-free, exhibit the bundle of the fibers also a small diameter. With the attempts the fed gaseous filling 22 contains volume % hydrogen and 78 VoI. % Carbon monoxide. With two attempts the external pressure on the fibers amounts to about 27.5 bar (absolute pressure) and the inside one the fibers about 4.02 bar (absolute pressure). During a "filling of 12,3 1 per minute (STP) an oxygen permeability by 37,7 x I06 cm3/cm2-Sek.-cm Hg and a carbon monoxide permeability by l.oeOxlO fccni Vcn sec. CNI Hg are determined. The separation factor to 23J6 calculated which a separation effective 55 keit of approximately 63% corresponds. With a higher filling rate of e.g.. 21.1 per minute (STP) the hydrogen permeability 41.4 x 10-* cmV cmSek. cm Hg and the Kohlenmonoxiddurchlissigkeit1,74x IO-8cm Vcm* sec. cm Hg amounts to. The separation factor is calculated to approximately 23.8, which corresponds to a separation effectiveness of 64% in the case of both attempts results in the computations, related to the flow rates and permeablenesses less than 95% of the hydrogen, which into separate device with the filling one entered. The procedure repeated with a pressure on the Aufanseile of the fibers of 27,5 bar (absolute pressure) and a pressure on the inside of the fibers of 2,45 bar (absolute pressure) of a flow rate of approximately 14.51 per minute (STP), a gas mixture containing 272% hydrogen and 72.8% Carbon monoxide. The hydrogen permeability amounts to for instance 31,6x 10-6cm Vcm* Selocm Hg. The Kohlenmonoxiddurchtaessigkeit amounts to for instance 2,0x 10-6cm Vcm2-Sek.-cm Hg and the separation factor amounts to 15,8. The reference separation factor amounts to 363, which a separation effectiveness of v2 correspond L thereby became the entire hydrogen for material reconciliation considered.

Since the diameters of the examined Bfindel are relatively small in the examples 2 and 3, the difference is not in the separation effectivenesses as largely as otherwise, if larger bundles are used, in which an accordingly larger throughput arises.