SIZING COMPOSITION FOR MINERAL WOOL AND INSULATING PRODUCTS OBTAINED

The present invention relates to the field of insulation products, thermal and/or acoustical, mineral wool, especially glass wool or rock, and an organic binder formaldehyde-free.

A sizing composition capable of cross-linking to form said organic binder, which contains a reducing saccharide, a hydrogenated saccharide, a polyfunctional cross-linking agent and a polyglycerol.

The invention also relates to the insulating products and/or acoustic-based thermal resulting mineral wool.

The manufacture of insulation products based on mineral wool generally includes a step of manufacturing the wool itself, that can be implemented by various methods, for example according to the known art of the spinning internal or external.

The internal centrifuging includes introducing the mineral melt (glass or rock) in a centrifugal device comprising a large number of small openings, the material is projected to the peripheral wall of the device under the action of the centrifugal force and leaves in the form of filaments. At the output of the centrifugal device, the filaments are drawn to a receiver member and driven by a gas stream having a temperature and a high speed, to form a fibre web (or mineral wool).

The external centrifuging is, in turn, to pour the melt to the outer peripheral surface of rotary members called rotors, from which the melt is ejected under the action of the centrifugal force. Means-stretching gas stream and collecting on receiving means are also provided.

The of the fibers to one another and allow the web have the cohesion, and projected onto the fiber, along the path from the output of the centrifugal device to the receiver, a sizing composition containing a thermosetting resin. The web fibers coated with the size is subjected to a heat treatment, at a temperature generally above 100 °C, to perform the polycondensation of the resin product and thereby obtain a thermal and/or acoustic insulation having specific properties, in particular a dimensional stability, a tensile strength, thickness recovery after compression and a homogeneous color.

The sizing composition to be projected onto the mineral wool is generally in the form of an aqueous solution containing the thermosetting resin and additives such as a cross-linking catalyst of the resin, a silane adhesion promoter, a mineral oil dust, ... The sizing composition is most often applied to the fibres by spraying.

The properties of the sizing composition largely depend on the characteristics of resin. For the application, it is necessary that the sizing composition has good sprayability and can be coated on the surface of the fibres to effectively bind.

The resin should be stable for a period of time prior to be used for forming the sizing composition, wherein the composition is generally prepared at the time of use by mixing the resin and additives mentioned previously.

Regulatory On the plane, it is necessary that the resin is considered non-polluting, i.e. it contains-and that it generates in step sizing or later-the least possible compounds, which can adversely affect human health or to the environment.

Thermosetting resins most commonly used are phenolic resins belonging to the family of the resols. In addition to their good ability to crosslink in the thermal conditions above, these resins are soluble in water, have a good affinity to the mineral fibers, especially glass, and which are relatively inexpensive.

Most conventional The resols are obtained by condensation of phenol and formaldehyde, in the presence of a basic catalyst. Finally, resols these contain a certain proportion of unreacted monomers, especially formaldehyde whose presence is not desired due to its harmful effects found to.

Therefore, resol-based resins are generally processed by urea which reacts with the free formaldehyde in the scavenging as urea formaldehyde condensates is non-volatile. The presence of urea in the resin further provides a certain economic advantage by its low cost, because it can be inserted in a relatively large amount without affecting the qualities of use of the resin, in particular without degrading the mechanical properties of the final product, which significantly lowers the total cost of the resin.

It has nevertheless been found that, under the conditions of temperatures at which the web is exposed to obtain the cross-linking of the resin, urea-formaldehyde condensates are not stable; back they decompose to formaldehyde and urea, in turn at least partially degraded ammonia, that are released in the atmosphere of the plant.

The rules in protecting environment becoming more constraining forces the manufacturers of insulation products search for solutions to further reduce the levels of undesirable emissions, particularly formaldehyde.

Replacement solutions of the resols in the sizing compositions are known and are based on the use of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

In US 5,340 868, the size coat comprises a polycarboxylic polymer, p-hydroxylamide and a carboxylic acid monomer at least trifunctional.

It has also been described to sizing compositions comprising an alkanolamine containing at least two hydroxyl groups and a polycarboxylic polymer (US 6,071 994, US 6,099 773, US 6,146 746) that may be associated with a copolymer (US 6,299 936).

It has also been proposed to sizing compositions comprising a polycarboxylic polymer and a polyol (US 2002/0091185, US 2002/0091185).

These compositions may further contain a catalyst which may be a phosphorus-containing compound (US 5,318 990, US 5,661 213, US 6331,350, US 2003/0008978), a fluoroborate (US 5,977 232) or a cyanamide, dicyanamide a or a cyanoguanidine (US 5,932 689), or a cationic surfactant, amphoteric or nonionic (US 2002/0188055), or a silane coupling agent (US 2004/0002567).

WO 2006/120523 In, there is disclosed a sizing composition that comprises (a) a poly (vinyl alcohol), (b) a multifunctional crosslinking agent selected from polyacids non-polymeric or their salts, anhydrides or a polyaldehyde the non-polymeric and (c) optionally a catalyst, the weight ratio (a) / (b) ranging from 95:5 to 35:65 and the pH being at least equal to 1.25.

WO 2008/053332 Known is also a sizing composition that comprises an adduct (a) of a sugar polymer and (b) of a multifunctional cross-linking agent selected from the monomeric polyacids or their salts, and anhydrides, which is obtained under conditions such that the weight ratio (a) / (b) ranges from 95:5 to 35:65.

Furthermore, it has been described to sizing compositions which all or a part of the alcohol is replaced by one or more saccharides.

In US 2005/0215153, the sizing composition is formed from a pre-binder polymer containing a carboxylic acid and a polyol, and a dextrin as a co-binder.

In US 5,895 804, the sizing composition comprises a polycarboxylic polymer of molecular weight of at least 1000 and a polysaccharide of molecular weight of at least 10000.

WO 2009/080938 In, the sizing composition comprises at least one organic polycarboxylic acid molar mass less than or equal to 1000 and at least one monosaccharide and/or polysaccharide.

Known is WO 2010/029266 of a sizing composition that comprises at least one hydrogenated sugar and a polyfunctional cross-linking agent.

Finally, disclosed in WO 2013/021112 a sizing composition for mineral wool which comprises at least a reducing saccharide, at least one hydrogenated saccharide and at least one polyfunctional crosslinking agent, and wherein the hydrogenated saccharide is 10 to 90% of the total weight of the reducing saccharide and hydrogenated saccharide.

The aim of the present invention is to improve the aforementioned sizing composition to it provides improved mechanical properties to the insulating products based on mineral wool, in particular a recovery in thickness upon increased compression, without reducing the tensile strength. In some cases, it may even be increased.

This is achieved by the addition of at least a polyglycerol in the sizing composition.

More specifically, the sizing composition for insulating product based on mineral wool, especially glass wool or rock, comprises

-at least a reducing saccharide,

-at least one hydrogenated saccharide,

-at least one polyfunctional crosslinking agent, and

-at least a polyglycerol.

Expression "reducing saccharide" is to be heard at conventional direction, i.e. it qualifies a monosaccharide or a polysaccharide group-bearing OH hemiacetalic free, said group having in particular a reducing action on the copper-alkaline solutions.

Exemplary reducing monosaccharides, include reducing saccharides containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and preferably aldoses advantageously aldoses containing 5 to 7 carbon atoms. Aldoses The Particularly preferred are aldoses natural (belonging to the series D), in particular the hexoses such as glucose, mannose and galactose.

The reducing polysaccharide according to the invention is selected from reducing polysaccharides with a weight-average molecular weight of less than 100000, preferably less than 50000, preferably less than 10000, and more preferably greater than 180.

Advantageously, the polysaccharide reduction gear has a polydispersity index (IP) defined by the ratio of the weight average molecular weight to the number average molecular weight that is less than or equal to 10.

Preferably, reducing the polysaccharide contains at least one unit chosen from the aforementioned aldoses, advantageously glucose. Particularly preferred reducing polysaccharides which are consisting predominantly (more than 50% by weight) of glucose units.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention employs a mixture of monosaccharide (s) and/or reducing polysaccharide (s), in particular obtained from plants, in particular a dextrin.

Dextrins are compounds having the general formula n ( [...]₅₎ obtained by partial hydrolysis of starch. The methods for preparation of the dextrins are known. For example, dextrins can be prepared by heating or drying sec a starch, generally in the presence of an acid catalyst, resulting in the breakage of the amylose molecules and which constitute said amylopectin starch in low molecular weight products. Dextrins may also be obtained by treating the starch by enzymatic amylases with one or more, in particular microbial, capable of hydrolyzing the connections of the starch. The nature of the process (chemical or enzymatic) and the conditions of hydrolysis have directly affects the average molecular weight and the distribution of the molar masses of the dextrin.

Dextrins according to the invention may be obtained from starch or starch derivatives of plant origin varied, for example from tubers such as potatoes, cassava, [...] and the sweet potato, grown from seeds such as wheat, corn, rye, rice, barley, millet, oats and sorghum, fruit such as brown, chestnut, and the nut, or from leguminous plants such as pea and bean.

Particularly preferred are the dextrins having a DE DE ("Dextrose equivalent" English) greater than or equal to 5, preferably greater than or equal to 10, advantageously greater than or equal to 15, and more preferably less than 100.

Conventionally, the dextrose equivalent DE is defined by the following relationship:

I number of glycosidic linkages broken

DE = 100 x

\ number of glycosidic bonds in the starting starch

For "hydrogenated saccharide", is meant the set of products resulting from the reduction, in any way, of a saccharide selected from monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides linear, branched or cyclic, and mixtures thereof, in particular starch hydrolysates.

The hydrogenation of the saccharide can be implemented by the known methods operating at conditions hydrogen pressure and high temperature, in the presence of a catalyst selected from the groups IB, MB, IVB, VI, VII and VIII of the periodic table of elements, preferably from the group consisting of nickel, platinum, palladium, cobalt, molybdenum and mixtures thereof. The preferred catalyst is Raney nickel. The hydrogenation converts the saccharide or saccharide mixture (for example a starch hydrolysate) in corresponding polyols.

Although is not preferred, the hydrogenation can be implemented in the absence of hydrogenation catalyst, in the presence of a hydrogen source other than the hydrogen gas, for example an alkali metal borohydride such as sodium borohydride.

Exemplary hydrogenated saccharide, include erythritol, arabitol, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, iditol, maltitol, isomaltitol, lactitol, the [...], the [...], the [...] and hydrogenation products starch hydrolysates, in particular being marketed by the company [...] Roquette under the name®. Preferably, products are used for the hydrogenation of starch hydrolysates, advantageously a maltitol syrup.

The hydrogenated saccharide according to the invention has a number average molecular weight less than 100000, preferably less than 50000, preferably less than 5000, more particularly less than 1000, and more preferably greater than 150.

In the sizing composition, the saccharide (s) (s) hydrogenated (s) (s) is preferably 18 to 80% of the total weight of (s) reducing saccharide (s) (s) and (s) hydrogenated saccharide (s) (s), preferably 30 to 70% and more preferably 35 to 60%.

The polyfunctional cross-linking agent is capable of reacting with the hydroxyl groups of the reducing saccharide, hydrogenated saccharide of polyglycerol under heat to form ester links which lead to achievement of a polymeric network in the final binder. The polymeric network is used to establish calls at the connection points of the fibres in the mineral wool.

The polyfunctional cross-linking agent is selected from organic acids or the salts of these polycarboxylic acids, anhydrides and the polyaldehydes.

For "organic polycarboxylic acid", is meant an organic acid comprising at least two carboxylic functions, preferably at most 300, and advantageously at most 70, and more preferably at most 15 carboxylic functions.

The organic polycarboxylic acid may be a non-polymeric or polymeric acid; it has a molar mass by number usually less than or equal to 50000, preferably less than or equal to 10000 and advantageously less than or equal to 5000.

The non-polymeric organic polycarboxylic acid is an acid acyclic, branched or unbranched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic acid or an aromatic acid.

The non-polymeric organic polycarboxylic acid may be a dicarboxylic acid, for example oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, traumatic acid, camphoric acid, phthalic acid and its derivatives, in particular containing at least one boron atom or chlorine, tetrahydrophthalic acid and its derivatives, in particular having at least one chlorine atom as chlorendic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, mesaconic acid and citraconic acid;

a tricarboxylic acid, for example citric acid, tricarballylic acid, 1, 2, 4-butanetricarboxylic acid, aconitic acid, hemimellitic acid, trimellitic acid and trimesic acid; a tetracarboxylic acid, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4-butanetetracarboxylic and pyromellitic acid.

Advantageously, the non-polymeric organic polycarboxylic acid contains two to four carboxylic functions.

Exemplary polymeric organic polycarboxylic acid, include homopolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acid such as (meth) acrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, maleic acid, cinnamic acid, 2-methylmaleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, 2- [...], the acid has, p- [...] and monoesters of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, such as maleates and alkyl fumarates C1-C10, and copolymers of at least one unsaturated carboxylic acid and at least one vinyl monomer such as styrene, substituted or unsubstituted by alkyl groups, hydroxyalkyl or sulfonyl, or by a halogen atom, the (meth) acrylonitrile, the (meth) acrylamide, substituted or unsubstituted by alkyl groups in C1-C10, the alkyl (meth) acrylates, (meth) in particular the methyl acrylate, the (meth) acrylate, the (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate and the isobutyl, the (meth) glycidyl acrylate, butadiene and a vinyl ester, in particular vinyl acetate.

Preferably, the sizing composition comprises at least one non-polymeric organic polycarboxylic acid having a molar mass by number less than or equal to 1000, preferably less than or equal to 750 and advantageously less than or equal to 500, and containing two to four carboxylic functions, optionally mixed with at least one polymeric organic acid.

The polyfunctional cross-linking agent can also be an anhydride, especially maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride or phthalic anhydride. However, adding a anhydride in the sizing composition drops significantly the pH resulting in corrosion problems installations in the production line and hydrolysis of hydrogenated saccharide. The introduction of a base can bring the pH of the sizing composition to a value sufficient to avoid these problems. The cost for the further addition of the base in that the anhydride use is not preferred.

The polyfunctional cross-linking agent can be a polyaldehyde.

For "polyaldehyde", is meant an aldehyde comprising at least two aldehyde functions.

Preferably, the polyaldehyde is a dialdehyde non-polymeric, for example glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, the 1,6- [...] the dialdehyde or 1,4-terephthalic.

The polyaldehydes have a high reactivity with the hydroxyl groups of the reducing saccharide and hydrogenated saccharide but also hydroxyl groups in general which may have drawbacks, especially a decrease of the stability and/or pre-gellation of the sizing composition before the thermal crosslinking treatment. In order to prevent such disadvantages, the aldehyde functionalities of the polyaldehyde are advantageously blocked for preventing the response with the constituents present in the sizing composition before the mineral wool in the oven. Examples of the chemicals which permits the locking of the aldehyde functionalities, include urea and the cyclic ureas.

Among the aforementioned polyfunctional crosslinking agents, organic polycarboxylic acids are preferred.

The polyglycerol according to the invention has a degree of polymerization of from 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 10 and more preferably from 2 to 8. Advantageously, used is a mixture of polyglycerols containing at least 50% by weight of diglycerol, triglycerol and tetraglycerol, and more preferably diglycerol and triglycerol.

In the sizing composition, the saccharide (s) (s) (s) and reducing the saccharide (s) (s) (s) is hydrogenated (s) 10 to 90% of the weight of the mixture consisting of the (s) reducing saccharide (s) (s), (s) the saccharide (s) hydrogenated (s) and polyfunctional cross-linking agent, preferably 20 to 85%, preferably 30 to 80%, more preferably 40 to 65% and particularly advantageously 45 to 65%.

Polyglycerol The (s) (s) (s) is generally 2 to 50% of the total weight of the (of) reducing saccharide (s) (s), (of) of the saccharide (s) hydrogenated (s) and of the cross-linking agent, preferably 5 to 25% and preferably 7 to 15%.

Generally, the sizing composition does not contain a monoalkylamine, dialkylamine and alkanolamine. There is not desired that these compounds (which are capable of reaction with the other ingredients of the sizing composition) are incorporated in the polymeric network of the final binder.

The size composition may further include a catalyst, acidic or basic, that inter alia the function of adjusting the temperature of incipient cross-linking.

The catalyst may be selected from the bases and the Lewis acids, such as clays, colloidal silica or non-, organic amines, quaternary amines, metal oxides, metal sulfates, the metal chlorides, sulphates urea, urea chlorides and catalysts silicates.

The catalyst can also be a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. a salt of alkali metal hypophosphite, an alkali metal phosphite, an alkali metal polyphosphate, alkali metal hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid or an alkylphosphonic acid. Preferably, the alkali metal is sodium or potassium.

The catalyst can also be a fluorine-containing compound and boron, e.g. tetrafluoroboric acid or a salt thereof, in particular a tetrafluoroborate alkali metal such as sodium or potassium, tetrafluoroborate alkaline earth metal such as calcium or magnesium, zinc tetrafluoroborate and ammonium tetrafluoroborate.

Preferably, the catalyst is sodium hypophosphite, sodium phosphite and mixtures of these compounds.

The amount of catalyst added to the sizing composition may be up to 20% of the total weight of the (of) reducing saccharide (s) (s), (of) of the saccharide (s) hydrogenated (s) and polyfunctional cross-linking agent, preferably up to 10%, and preferably is at least equal to 1%.

The sizing composition according to the invention may comprise further conventional additives below in the following proportions calculated based on 100 parts by weight of reducing saccharide (s) (s), hydrogenated saccharide (s) (s) and polyfunctional cross-linking agent:

- 0 to 2 parts of the silane, in particular aminosilane and epoxysilane,

- 0 to 20 parts of oil, preferably 4 to 15 parts,

- 0 to 5 parts of a silicone,

- 0 to 20 parts of a polyol other than the reducing saccharide, hydrogenated saccharide of polyglycerol above,

- 0 to 30 parts of a "extender" chosen from the derivatives of lignin as the ammonium lignosulfonate (LSA) or sodium lignosulphonate, and the animal or vegetable proteins.

The role of the additives is known and briefly recalled: the silane is a coupling agent between the fibers and the binder, and also performs as an anti-aging; oils are hydrophobic and anti-dust agents;

the silicone is a hydrophobic agent that has a function of reducing absorption of water by the insulation product; the "extender" is an organic filler soluble or dispersible in the aqueous sizing composition which can particularly be used for reducing the cost of the sizing composition.

The polyol added as an additive is necessarily different from the reducing saccharide, hydrogenated saccharide of polyglycerol. The polyol may be in particular glycerol, a glycol such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol and poly (alkylene) glycols based on these glycols, or homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl alcohol.

When the cross-linking agent is a polyfunctional organic polycarboxylic acid, the sizing composition has an acidic pH, generally less than or equal to 5 and preferably greater than or equal to 1.0. Advantageously, the pH is maintained at a value at least equal to 1.5 to limit the problems of instability of the sizing composition and corrosion of the production line, by the addition of an amine compound which is not capable of reacting with the reducing saccharide and the hydrogenated saccharide, for example a tertiary amine, especially triethanolamine. The amount of the amine compound may be up to 30 parts by weight of the total weight of (s) reducing saccharide (s) (s), (s) of saccharide (s) and hydrogenated (s) cross-linking agent, in particular an organic polycarboxylic acid.

The sizing composition is intended to be applied to the mineral wool, especially glass wool or rock.

Conventionally, the sizing composition is projected onto the mineral fibers to the output of the centrifugal device and before the collecting on the member set in the form of a fiber web, is then treated at a temperature for cross-linking the size and infusible forming a binder. Crosslinking of the size according to the invention is carried out at a temperature comparable to that of conventional a formophenolic resin, at a temperature greater than or equal to 110 °C, preferably greater than or equal to 130 °C, and advantageously greater than or equal to 140 °C.

The acoustic insulating products and/or thermal produced therefrom sized are also an object of the present invention.

The products typically takes the form of a mat or a felt of mineral wool, glass fibers or rock.

Examples following provided illustrating the invention but not limiting.

In these examples, is measured:

-the viscosity, expressed in MPa. s, with a rheometer type rotational cone-plane (diameter: 6 mm; 2°) with a shear ranges from 5 to 500 is^1, to 20 °C.

-moisture from the mattress consisting of glass wool sized non-crosslinked, prior to passage into the oven, by weighing before and after drying in an enclosure to 105 °C during 1 hour. The humidity of the mattress is expressed in %.

-the tensile strength according to ASTM C 686-71T on a sample cut by punching in the insulation product. The sample is in the shape of a toroid length of 122 mm, 46 mm width, a radius of curvature of the cutting the outer edge equal to 38 mm and a radius of curvature of the cutting the lower edge equal to 12.5 mm.

The sample is arranged between two cylindrical tubes of a testing machine one of which is mobile and moves with a constant speed. The breaking strength is measured F (in Newton) of the sample is calculated, and the tensile strength RT defined by the ratio of the breaking force F to the mass of the sample. The tensile strength is measured after the manufacture (RT_{fa b}) and after treatment in an autoclave for 15 minutes to 105 °C and 100% relative humidity (RT₁₅₎.

-the initial thickness of the insulation product and thickness after different periods of time under compression with a compression ratio (defined as the ratio of the nominal thickness to the thickness under compression) equal to 8/1. The thickness measurements evaluate a good dimensional product.

Examples 1 to 6

The examples illustrate the manufacture of insulation products based on glass wool industrial on a line.

The mineral wool is produced continuously on a 2.4 m wide line by internal centrifuging wherein the molten glass composition is formed into fibres by means of a tool called attitude of centrifugation, comprising a basket receiving chamber of the molten composition and a peripheral band perforated with a plurality of openings: the plate is rotated about its axis of symmetry disposed vertically, the composition is ejected through the orifices under the influence of centrifugal force and the material leaking from the orifices is drawn fibers with the assistance of a current drawing gases.

Conventionally, a ring of spraying is disposed below the fiberizing spinner so as to evenly distribute the sizing composition to glass wool just formed.

The and sized mineral wool is collected on a belt conveyor equipped with internal suction boxes which retain the mineral wool in the form of a felt or from one ply to the conveyor surface. The conveyor then passes continuously in an oven at 270 °C wherein the components of the sizing polymerize to form a binder.

The insulation product obtained from the output of the nominal oven has a density equal to 10.6 kg/m^{3 and} a nominal thickness equal to 80 mm. The amount of binder is 5.2 ± 0.5% of the insulation product.

The sizing compositions used are given in the table 1, the amounts being expressed in parts by weight. They are prepared by simply mixing the components in water under vigorous stirring until dissolved or dispersed components.

Examples 1 to 4 according to the invention have a tensile strength higher than the comparative example 6 which contains glycerol and comparable or greater than that of the comparative example 5 which does not contain.

The thickness after 30 days of the products of the examples 1 to 4 is greater than that of the comparative examples 5 and 6.

Compared to comparative examples 5 and 6, the presence of polyglycerol in the examples 1 to 4 has the advantage of greatly reduced (at least half) moisture from the mattress sized, and maintain its value to a level comparable to that obtained with glycerol.

Examples 7 and 8

Is carried the conditions of the examples 1 to 6 modified in that the temperature of the oven is equal to 260 °C, that the insulation product obtained has a nominal density equal to 17.5 kg/m^{3 and} a nominal thickness equal to 75 mm and that the sizing composition has the composition given in the table 2 according to, the quantities being expressed in parts by weight.

The example 7 which contains a hydrogenated sugar has a tensile strength (after manufacture and after autoclave treatment) and a thickness (initial and after 30 days) higher than the comparative example 8 which does not contain.

Aoieau 1 I

^{(1) dextrin} from corn starch; weight average molecular weight: 3510; polydispersity index IP: 5.2 ; dextrose equivalent DE:30; marketed under the reference® C3072S [...] by [...] FRERES

^{(2) maltitol syrup} to 75% dry matter containing 55% maltitol; sold under the reference® 5575 [...] by [...] - [...]^{(3) mixture containing} (in weight %): (25.3%) diglycerol, triglycerol (46.6%), tetraglycerol (18.8%), pentaglycerol (6.0%), hexaglycerol (2.0%) and heptaglycerol (0.7%); marketed by Solvay

^{(4) mixture containing} (in weight %): glycerol (29.0), diglycerol (30.0%), triglycerol (19.0%), tetraglycerol (11.0%), pentaglycerol (6.0%), hexaglycerol (3.0%), heptaglycerol (1.0%) and [...] (1%); marketed by Cargill

n. d.: not determined