Transparent amorphous plate stabilized against UV in a crystallizable thermoplastic

A plate amorphous, transparent, UV stabilized, in a crystallizable thermoplastic, whose thickness is in, the range of 1 to 20 mm. The plate contains at least one UV stabilizer as light stabilizer and is characterized by very good optical and mechanical properties. The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of this plate and its use.

Well known amorphous plates, transparent, having a thickness of between 1 and 20 mm. These two-dimensional products consist of amorphous thermoplastic, non-crystallizable. Typical examples of such thermoplastic that can be converted to plates, are for example poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC-), polycarbonate (PC's) and poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-). Are prepared semifinished products on plants for extrusion sets (FS. Polymers Werkstoffe, flight. The II, technology 1, on page 136, to Georg Thieme Accordance, in Stuttgart, 1984). The melting of the raw material powder or granule is carried out in an extruder. Can be readily transformed the amorphous thermoplastic after extrusion, due to its viscosity which increases continuously as a function of the decrease in temperature, using calenders to-finishing or other tools of perfection. Amorphous thermoplastics have then after the transformation sufficient stability, it is to dire, a high viscosity, for "stand alone" in the calibration tool. But they are quite flexible yet to be profiled by the tool. The melt viscosity and tightness of own amorphous thermoplastics are so high in the calibration tool, that the semifinished product does not collapse before cooling in the calibration tool. In the case of materials which decompose easily, as e.g. PVC, there is a need in the extrusion step of implementing particular adjuvants, such as stabilizers for implementing degradation and lubricants against internal friction too strong and therefore, against a reheating uncontrollable. External lubricants are needed to prevent hanging to the walls and to the cylinders.

In performing the PMMA, used for example to remove moisture, degassing.

In the preparation of transparent plates in amorphous thermoplastic, transparent, there is a need for additives which some are costly, which can migrate in part and cause production problems due to evaporation and surface deposits on the semifinished product. Which cannot be recycled PVC plates with difficult or only by using specific methods of neutralization, respectively electrolysis. Similarly, the plates cannot be recycling of PC and PMMA that with difficulty and only at the expense of loss or extreme degradation of mechanical properties.

Next to these drawbacks, the sheets of PMMA also have poor tenacity extreme impact and they burst upon rupture or under mechanical stress. Further, the sheets of PMMA are easily flammable, so that they cannot be used for example for coating interior walls and in the construction of barrages exposure.

Further, cannot be profiling cold plates PMMA and PC. In the cold roll forming, the PMMA plates forming break into dangerous shards. In the cold roll forming, it forms in the plates PC hairline cracks and stress whitening.

The 897 de-to-3 531,878 describes synthetic sheets of thermoplastic polyester, which contain a UV stabilizer and have a thickness of-0.5 to 0.03 mm.

Are obtained sheet by extrusion blow and therefore are partially crystalline. Using the method described by such publication, it locks out the sheets having a thickness of 1 mm amorphous or more.

The 897 Patent DW-to-5 320,528 described to a thermoplastic resin composition which contains a polyester epoxidized. According to a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises PVC as a principal component. The plates obtained therefrom by kneading are transparent and have a thickness of 1 mm.

The booklet of EP-a 0 471,528, describes a method for profiling an object to obtain a plate of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET plastic). Subjecting both sides of the plate PET to heat treatment in a emboutage tool, in a temperature range between the glass transition temperature and the melting temperature. Extracted the plate PET profiled shape when the degree of crystallization of the PET plate profile is in a range of 25% to 50 I-. The plates PET revealed by the booklet of EP-a 0 471,528 have a thickness of 1 to 10 mm. Since the stamped profile, prepared from this plate is partially crystalline, therefore it is not transparent and the surface features of the profile are determined by the thermoforming process, temperatures and forms data in this method, the optical properties (e.g. brightness, turbidity and light transmission) plates of PET employed are not critical. In general, the optical properties of these plates are bad and need optimization.

Further, these plates do not contain UV-stabilizer. as light protection agents, so that neither the plates nor the profiles prepared from these do have extensive application to the outside. In applying the outer, these plates, respectively the profiles show, already after a short time, yellowing and degradation of mechanical characteristics subsequent to the degradation by photooxidation light-induced sunburn.

The booklet of US Patent-to-3,496,143 describes the deep vacuum plate PET with a thickness of 3 mm, whose scope should be 5% to crystallization 25%. The crystallinity of the profile is greater than 25% stamped. These plates PET instead does meet any requirement relating to the optical properties. Since the crystallinity of the plates employed is between 5% and 25% already, these plates are disorders and opaque. These plates instead do not contain a sunscreen agent and therefore, cannot be used external applications.

By using the methods known to date, been possible to prepare amorphous plates comprising a crystallizable thermoplastic as a principal component, having a thickness of 1 mm or more dice, whose quality is not satisfactory. '

The aim of the present invention is to provide a transparent amorphous plate, having a thickness of 1 to 20 mm, which has next to both thermal and mechanical and optical properties, primarily a high UV stability.

U.V. stability and high means that the plates are not or only minimally damaged by light of sunlight or other UV radiation, so that the plates can be used for outside uses and/or uses as critical inner coating. In particular, the plates need not have the yellowing, embrittlement or surface cracking, nor a degradation of mechanical properties.

Among the good optical properties, is counted for example a high light transmissivity and a high surface gloss, a turbidity of extremely low, as well as a picture sharpness (clarity) high.

Among the good mechanical properties, include, inter alia, a high resilience and a high breaking strength.

In addition, the plate according to the invention should be recyclable, more particularly lossless mechanical characteristics, as well as flame-resistant, so that it can be used for example for the coating of inner walls and in the construction of barrages exposure.

This problem is solved by using an amorphous transparent plate, having a thickness in the range of 1 to 20 mm, a crystallizable thermoplastic having as a main component, characterized in that the plate comprises at least one UV stabilizer as photoprotective agent.

The plate amorphous, transparent, contains a thermoplastic cristal1isable as main component. Thermoplastics " shout stal1isables, respectively partially crystalline, are for example poly (ethylene terephthalate), poly (butylene terephthalate), and cycloolefin polymers of cycloolefinic copolymers, by preferring the poly (ethylene terephthalate).

By crystallizable thermoplastic, is meant according to 1' disclosure

crystallizable homopolymers,

crystallizable,

crystallizable polymer compounds,

products recycled crystallizable and

other variants of crystallizable thermoplastic.

By amorphous plate, is meant in the sense of the present invention such plates which, ' although the crystallizable thermoplastic used has a crystallinity of 5% and 65%, particularly preferably between 25% and 65%, are not crystalline. Non-crystalline, amorphous it is to say, means that the degree of crystallinity is typically less than 5%, preferably less than 2% and is more particularly 0%. The amorphous plate according to the invention is in a state essentially nonoriented.

The plate amorphous, transparent, additionally comprises at least one UV stabilizer as photoprotective agent, the concentration of the UV stabilizer is preferably between 0.01% by weight and 5% by weight, relative to the weight of the crystallizable thermoplastic.

Light, particularly the ultraviolet component of the sunbeams, it is to say in the wavelength range of 280 to 400 nm, induced in the thermoplastics from degradative processes, which not only bring about changes in visual appearance with the changes in the color, respectively due to yellowing, but also adversely affect the physical and mechanical properties.

Inhibiting these degradative processes photooxydâtion has a significant economical and technical importance, because otherwise the possibilities of applications many thermoplastic would be extremely limited.

Poly (ethylene terephthalate) begin to absorb the UV light for example already below 360 nm, absorption increases considerably below 320 nm and is already very pronounced below 300 nm. The maximum absorbance between 280 and 300 nm.

In the presence of oxygen, it is observed mainly dissociation of chain, but not cross-linking. The carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and carboxylic acids represent products of photooxidation whose amount is preponderant. The side of the direct photolysis of the ester groups, is yet to consider oxidation reactions which also cause the formation of carbon dioxide by 1' via peroxide radicals.

The photooxidation of poly (ethylene terephthalate) can lead to hydro and their degradation products also by dissociation of hydrogen in position has ester groups, as well as the disassociation chain associated with this process (hr. Impression, two problems of Wiles: sensitization. Terminally. Sci. 16, 1972, on page 203).

UV stabilizers, UV absorbers respectively as photoprotective, are chemical compounds that may be involved in the process and physical and chemical degradation induced by light. The carbon black and other pigments can act partially as light stabilizers. However, these substances are unsuitable to the plates, as this leads to discoloration or color change. For plates amorphous, transparent, are suitable only organic and organometallic compounds that do not cause changing the color or only in a measure extremely low, in the thermoplastic to be stabilized.

UV stabilizers suitable as photoprotective agents are for example the 2 hydroxybenzophenones, the 2 a-hydrobenzotriazoles, organic compounds of nickel, salicylic acid esters, cinnamate derivatives, dibenzoates of resorcinol, of oxanilids, of hydroxybenzoate, sterically hindered amines and triazines, the 2 a-hydroxybenzotriazoles and triazines are preferred.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the amorphous, transparent, according to the invention contains a poly (ethylene terephthalate) crystallizable as the main component and 0.01% by weight to 5.0% by weight of 2 - (4.6-diphenyl-L-, 3.5 to-triazine and 2 yl) - 5 - (ethylhexyl) oxyphénol (Figure the structure) or 0.01% by weight to 5.0% by weight of 2.2¹ - methylenebis (6 - (2h-benzotriazolesulfonates-to-2 yl) -4 - (1, 1, 3 ., 3 a-tetramethylbutyl) phenol (structure Figure lbs). In a preferred embodiment, may also be used mixtures of these two UV stabilizers or mixtures of at least one of these two UV stabilizers with other UV stabilizers, the total concentration of sunscreen agent is from 0.01% by weight preferably between 5.0% and by weight relative to the weight of poly (ethylene terephthalate) crystallizable.

The surface gloss measured according to DIN 67530 (angle of incidence 20 degrees) is greater than 120, preferably greater than 140, the light transmittance, measured according to ASTM D 1003 est greater than 84%, preferably more than 86% and the turbidity of the plate, measured according to ASTM D 1003, is less than 15%, preferably less than 11%.

Sharpness of images, referred to also as "Clarity" and determined at an angle smaller than 2.5 degrees (ASTM 1003), is preferably 96% and particularly preferably, greater than 97%.

In the case of poly (ethylene terephthalate), when measuring the resilience has_{the n} Charpy of (measured according to DIN 179/1 d), does not occur of plaque rupture. Furthermore, the notch has an Izod impact strength with ^ (measured according to ISO 180/1 a) is preferably in the range of 2.0 to 8.0 KJoule/M.² , particularly preferably in the range of 4.0 to 6.0 KJoule/M.² .

Poly (ethylene terephthalate) with a crystal melting point T-_{the m} , measured by the DSC (Differential Scanning scanning process IPCC) heating rate of 10 °c/min., 220 °c to 280 °c of, preferably 250 °c to 270 °c, with a temperature range of T-crystallization_C. between 75 °c and 280 °c, preferably between 75 °c and 260 °c, a glass transition temperature T-_grams between 65 °c and 90 °c and a density according to DIN 53479 measured 1.30 to 1.45 grams of/cm.³ and a crystallinity of 5% and 65%, preferably 25% to 65%, represent preferred polymers as starting materials for the preparation of the plate.

The standard viscosity vs. (ADD) poly (ethylene terephthalate), measured in the dichloroacetic acid (ADD) according to DIN 53728, is between 800 and 1800, preferably between 950 and 1250 and particularly preferably, between 1000 and 1200.

The intrinsic viscosity IV (ADD) is calculated from the standard viscosity as follows:

VI. (ADD)=6.67 · - 10⁴ (ADD)+ 0,118 BV

The bulk density, measured according to DIN 53466, is preferably between 0.75 kg/MD³ and 1.0 kg/MD³ and particularly preferably between 0.80 kg/MD³ and 0.90 kg/MD³ .

The polydispersity of m_W./ M._{the n} poly (ethylene terephthalate) measured by gas chromatography is preferably between 1.5 and 6.0 and particularly preferably between 2.0 and 3.5.

The weatherability tests have shown that after a use of 5 to 7 years outside, the plates UV stabilized does not exhibit yellowing, embrittlement, loss of surface gloss, surface cracking and degradation of mechanical properties.

In addition to the excellent UV stability, demonstrated good cold roll forming entirely unexpected, without breaks, hairline cracks and/or without without breaking white, so that the may be profiled and folding the plates according to the invention without heat.

Further, the measurements showed that the PET plate according to the invention ignites difficult and that it is little fuel, so that it is suitable for example to coatings of inner walls and in the construction of barrages exposure.

In addition, can be recycled without problem the inventive plate without polluting the environment and without the loss of mechanical properties, making it particularly suitable in short duration as billboards or other advertisement items.

The plate can be prepared amorphous, transparent, UV stabilized, according to the invention, for example by an extrusion process in a die assembly.

Such an extrusion assembly is shown schematically in Figure 2. It essentially comprises

(1) extruder plastificatrice,

(2) a flat die as profiling tool, a paver calender (3) as/calibration tool,

a cooling bed (4) and/or (5) roller conveyor for cooling,

a drawing of cylinders (6),

a crosscut saw (7),

a cutting device (9) diagonal, and optionally

a stacking device (8).

The method of preparation of the plate according to the invention is described in detail on the example of the poly (ethylene terephthalate) as thermoplastic.

The method is characterized in that the dried optionally the crystallizable thermoplastic (e.g., poly (ethylene terephthalate), then the bottom in 1' extruder, preferably in conjunction with the UV stabilizer, the melt are profiled in a die and then, is the gauge in a calandrefinisseuse, smoothed out and cooling prior to dimension the plate.

It is essential for the method according to the invention that the first cylinder from the calandrefinisseuse has a temperature in the range of 50 °c to 80 °c, because otherwise it is difficult to obtain an amorphous plate with a thickness of 1 mm transparent or more using a crystallizable thermoplastic.

According to the invention, can be assayed the photoprotective agent already in the producer of the thermoplastic polymer or during the preparation of the plate in 1' extruder.

Especially preferred is the addition of the photoprotective agent using the technology of the masterbatch. The photoprotective agent is completely dispersed in a solid matrix. As support material, it is envisaged that certain resins, the thermoplastic itself, e.g. the polymer of poly (ethylene terephthalate) or also other polymers that are sufficiently compatible with the thermoplastic.

It is important that the particle size and bulk density of the pigment preparation solid or of the masterbatch are analogous to the particle size distribution and bulk density of the thermoplastic, so that is can be achieve even distribution and thereby, a homogeneous UV stabilization.

Drying the poly (ethylene terephthalate) prior to extrusion is performed preferably for 4 to 6 hours at a temperature of 160 to 180 °c.

Then, melted the poly (ethylene terephthalate) in 1' extruder. Preferably, the PET melt temperature is in the range of 250 to 320 °c, the temperature of the hot melt can be set essentially using both the temperature of 1 'extruder that by means of the residence time of the melt in 1' extruder.

The melt leaves 1' extruder through a die. The nozzle is preferably a flat die.

The PET melt in 1' extruder and profile in the slot die, is calibrated by the rolls of the calender-to-finishing, it is to say, cooled intensively and smoothed. The calender rolls can be arranged for example in the form of I, of f, L or s (Figure 3).

Then, the material can be cooled, PET, on a roller conveyor, the cut sides dimensions, cut lengthwise and finally stacking.

The plate thickness of PET is essentially dependent on the pulling device installed at the end of the cooling zone, the cooling rollers (smoothing) coupled to the device according to the speed and the conveying speed of 1' extruder on the one hand and the deviation of the cylinders on the other hand.

As the extruder, can be used to screw or twin-screw extruders.

The slotted nozzle is preferably of the tool body decomposable, lips and of the device for flow regulation over the width. For this purpose, the device for regulating the flow over the width may be warped with screws and clamping pressure. The thickness adjustment is performed by adjusting the lips. It is important to ensure that the temperature of the PET and the lip is uniform, because otherwise the PET melt flows outside with different thickness by the different flow paths.

The calibration tool, it is to say, the calandrefinisseuse, gives the shape and dimensions to the PET melt. This is done by freezing below the glass transition temperature by cooling and smoothing. It should more profiling in this state because it would form surface defects in the cooled state. For this reason, preferably is of the calender rolls are driven together. The temperature of the rolls of the calender is to be less than the temperature of crystallites to avoid adhesion of the PET melt. The PET melt leaves the die slot with a temperature of 240 has 300 °c. The temperature of the first chill roll of the calender, in each case after the production and the thickness of the plate, is between 50 and 80 °c. The second cylinder, a little colder, cooling the second or other surface.

While the calibration tool freezes most directly the surfaces of PET and cools the profile to such an extent that it becomes dimensionally stable, the cooling system reduces the temperature of the PET plate at substantially room temperature. The cooling may be performed on a roller conveyor. The pulling speed must be adjusted accurately relative to the speed of the rolls of the calender, to avoid defects and variations in thickness.

As auxiliary equipment, the extruder assembly may include a crosscut saw to prepare the plates by cutting into lengths, side cutting, the stacking equipment and control station. Side cutting edge or edges is advantageous, - because the thickness in the portion of the flanges may be sometimes irregular. The inspection station measures the thickness of the plate and the optic.

The multiplicity surprising properties, the amorphous and transparent plate, according to the invention, is well suited to a large number of different applications, for example for coating interior walls, in the construction of barrages exposure and exposure for items, for display panels, as screens, of shields of machines and vehicles, lighting in the sector, in the installation of shops or of, as advertisement items, as panels basketball baskets, as partitions, for aquariums, as billboards and as supports for a pamphlet and j ournaux.

Due to good UV stability, the plate amorphous, transparent according to the invention, is also suitable for outdoor applications, such as for example, greenhouses, roof coverings, glazing, safety glasses, the outer cladding, coatings, applications in the construction industry, an advertisement profile of light, the lining of balconies, both OEM and roof and windows of caravans.

The invention is explained below by means of exemplary embodiments without being limited to these examples.

Measurement of different properties is carried out according to standards, following methods respectively.

Determining the gloss of the surface at an angle of incidence according to DIN 67530 20°.

By transmitting the light is meant the ratio of the total transmitted light to the amount of incident light.

By measuring the light transmission with a meter "Hazegrad more" according to ASTM 1003.

Turbidity is the percentage ratio of the transmitted light, which deviates by more than 2.5 degrees of the middle of the incident light beam. Sharpness of images is determined at an angle smaller than 2.5 degrees.

The turbidity and sharpness of images by using the hovel "Hazegard more" according to ASTM 1003.

Visually evaluated surface flaws.

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy of:

This variable is determined according to ISO 179/1'd.

Resilience has_{the K} Notched Izod:

Measuring the resilience with notch, respectively the resistance with inset_{the K} According to ISO 180/1 a notched Izod.

Density is determined according to DIN 53479.

Measuring the standard viscosity SV (ADD) based on the DIN 53728 in 1' dichloroacetic acid (ADD).

The intrinsic viscosity is calculated from the standard viscosity as follows

GI=10 6.67 · (ADD)^-4 (ADD)+ 0,118 BV

Measured the thermal properties, such as a crystal melting point T-_{the m} , the field of crystallization temperatures T-_C. , post-crystallization temperature (cold crystallization) T-_NC and the glass transition temperature T-_grams differential scanning calorimetry ("transmit light scanning process IPCC - DSCs") heating rate of 10 °c/minute.

The molar masses measured the m_W. and m_{the n} and the resultant polydispersity of m_W./ M._{the n} by gel permeation chromatography.

UV resistance is controlled depending on the specification of the ISO 4892 test as follows:

Test apparatus: atlases IC 65 Oceangraphic Ometer

Test conditions

: The ISO 4892, i.e..

artificial weathering

: 1000 hours (per side)

: 0.5 W/m² , 340 nm

: 63 °C

Irradiation time

Irradiating

Temperature

Air humidity

the relative

: 50%

Lamp xenon as

the inner and outer filter borosilicate

Irradiation cycles

: 102 minutes of UV light, then 18 minutes of UV rays, samples in a water mist and then again 10 minutes of UV rays, andc.

Changing the color samples after exposure to artificial weathering is measured by a spectrophotometer to DIN 5033.

It applies:

Ai: difference in brightness

+ Ai: the sample is brighter than the standard

- Ai: the sample is darker in color the etalon

A.A: difference in the field of red-green

The AA: the sample is more red than the standard AA cells: the sample is less red than the standard

Aβ: difference in the field of blue-yellow

An AB +: the sample is more yellow than the standard

An AB -: the sample is more blue than the standard

EC: total change color:

EC= 1 Ai² The AA +² An AB +²

Most digital the deviation of the etalon is large, the greater the color-difference is large.

The digital values may be ignored of<0.3, because they do not represent significant color changes.

The yellow index g is the absence of color deviation to the "yellow" and is measured according to DIN 6167. Values<5 yellowness index of the receptors are not visible.

In the examples and the comparative examples hereinafter, it is in each case of plates monolayers, transparent, with a different thickness which has been prepared in the extruder assembly described.

Exposing weather test as specified in ISO 4892 both faces of all plates stabilized against. uV in each case 1000 hours per side, in the Atlas IC 65 Oceangraphic Ometer of Atlas and then, mechanical property is controlled, discoloration, surface defects, turbidity and brightness.

Amorphous plate made from a 3 mm thick transparent, which contains as a main component of the poly (ethylene terephthalate) and 1.0% by weight of the UV stabilizer, the 2 - (4.6-diphenyl 1, 3, 5 a-triazine and 2 yl) - 5 - (ethylhexyl) oxyphénol (® Tinuvin 1577 company CibaGeigy).

Tinuvin 1577 has a melting point of 149 °c and is heat resistant up to about 330 °c.

For a homogeneous distribution, 1.0% by weight of the incorporated UV stabilizer to the poly (ethylene terephthalate) directly from the producer of the raw materials. The poly (ethylene terephthalate), which prepared the transparent plate, has a standard viscosity vs. (ADD) of 1010, which corresponds to an intrinsic viscosity IV (ADD) of 0.79 deciliters/gram. The moisture content is<0.2% and the density (to DIN 53479) of 1.41 grams/cm.³ . The crystallinity is 59%, the crystallite melting point is measured by the DSC 258 °c. The field crystallization temperatures T-_C. is between 83 °c and 258 °c, post-crystallization temperature (also the cold crystallization temperature) T-_NC is of 144 °c. The polydispersity of m_W./ M._{the n} the polymer poly (ethylene terephthalate) is 2.14. The glass transition temperature is 83 °c.

Prior to extrusion, dried poly (ethylene terephthalate) having a crystallinity of 59% 5 hours at 17, 0 °c during a drier and then extruded in a single screw extruder at an extrusion temperature of 286 °c in a flat die on a calender-a paver, having cylinders disposed s-shaped and smoothed to obtain a plate of a thickness of 3 mm. The temperature of the first cylinder of the calender is 73 °c and of any of the other rollers 67 °c. The pulling speed and the rolls of the calender is 6.5 meters/minute.

After cooling, sawn edges of the plate PET thick transparent 3 mm with the cross-cut saw, is cut to length and 1' stacked.

The plate of amorphous PET, transparent, prepared has the characteristic profile according to:

Thickness

Surface gloss, side 1

(angle of incidence 20 degrees), side 2

Light transmission

Image sharpness (clarity)

Turbidity

Surface defects by m²

(speckles, orange peel,

bubbles, and so on)

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy of

Resilience with inset *

Notched Izod

3 mm

198

196

91%

' 100%

1.5%

none

: not rupture

: 4.2 kJoule/M.² Cold-workability

Crystallinity

Density

: good, not defects

: 0%

: 1.33 grams/cm.³

After each case 1000 hours of weathering per side in an atlas IC 65 Oceangraphic Ometer, the plate PET has the following characteristics:

Thickness: 3 mm

Surface gloss, side 1:196

(angle of incidence 20 degrees), side 2:195 light transmission: 91.1%

Image sharpness (clarity): 100%

Turbidity: 1.6% aw the total color change_: 0.22

AI dark color change_: -0.18 - Red color change_{the n n Q}

a.A green

- Blue color change

j-Aβ alder

Surface defects

(cracks, embrittlement)

Yellow index grams

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy of

Resilience with inset ^

Notched Izod

0.10

none

4

not rupture 4.1 KJoule/M.²

Cold-workability

, good

Example 2

Similarly to the example 1, plate made from a transparent amorphous, by adding the UV stabilizer, the 2 - (4.6-diphenyl-L-, 3.5 to-triazine and 2 yl) - 5 - (ethylhexyl) oxyphénol (® Tinuvin 1577) in the form of a masterbatch. The masterbatch is composed of 5% by weight of® Tinuvin 1577 as active component and 95% by weight using poly (ethylene terephthalate) of the example 1.

Prior to extrusion, 80% is dried by weight of the poly (ethylene terephthalate) of the example 1 with 20% by weight of the masterbatch, during 5 hours, to 170 °c.

The extrusion and the preparation of the plates are similarly to 1' example 1.

The plate prepared amorphous PET, transparent, has the characteristic profile according to:

Thickness

Surface gloss, side 1

(angle of incidence 20 degrees), side 2

Light transmission

Image sharpness (clarity)

Turbidity

Surface defects by m²

(speckles, orange peel,

bubbles, and so on)

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy of

Resilience with inset ^

Notched Izod

Cold-workability

Crystallinity

Density

After each case 1000 hours of weathering per side in an atlas IC 65 Oceangraphic Ometer, the plate PET has the following characteristics:

Thickness: 3 mm

Surface gloss, side 1:192

(angle of incidence 20 degrees), side 2:190 light transmission: 91.1%

Image sharpness (clarity): 100%

Turbidity: 1.5%

3 mm

194.

193

91.3%

100%

1.4%

none

: not rupture

: 4.0 j/m K.²

: good

: 0%

: 1.33 grams/cm.³ The total color change AEs_:the O, 24

AI dark color change_: -0.19 Color change red - green AAs _q _.

- Blue color change

j-Aβ alder

Surface defects (cracks, embrittlement)

Yellow index grams

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy of

Resilience with inset ^

Notched Izod

Cold-workability

0.12

none

5

not rupture KJoule/m to 4.0²

good

Similarly to the example 1, plate amorphous, transparent, poly (ethylene terephthalate) which following features:

prepared using the present

BV (ADD)

VI. (ADD)

Density

Crystallinity

Melting point of

t-crystallites_{the m}

T-crystallization temperature range_C.

Temperature post -

crystallization

(cold crystallization) T-_NC

Polydispersity of m_W./ M._{the n}

Transition temperature

t-glass_grams

: 1100

: 0.85 deciliters/gram

: 1.38 grams/cm.³

: 44%

: 245 °C

: of 82 °c to

242 °C

:, 152 °C

: 2.02

: 82 °C

Plate made from a amorphous, transparent, having a thickness of 6 mm, containing as a main component the poly (ethylene terephthalate) and 0.6% by weight of the described UV stabilizer, the 2.2 '-methylene bis - (6 a-2h-benzotriazolesulfonates-to-2 yl) - 4 - (1, 1, 3, 3 - tetramethylbutyl) - phenol (® Tinuvin 360 company CibaGeigy), by the weight of the polymer.

temperature of the first cylinder of the. calender is 66 °c and that of the other cylinders of 60 °c. The pulling speed and the rolls of the calender is 2.9 meters/minute.

Thickness

Surface gloss, side 1

(angle of incidence 20 degrees), side 2

Light transmission

Image sharpness (clarity)

Turbidity

Surface defects by m²

(speckles, orange peel,

bubbles, and so on)

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy of

Resilience with inset_{the K}

Notched Izod

Cold-workability

Crystallinity

Density

After each case 1000 hours of weathering per side in an atlas IC 65 Oceangraphic Ometer, the plate PET has the following characteristics:

: 6 mm

: 175

: 173

: 88.6 %

: 99.6%

: 2.5%

: none

not rupture

: 4.8 kJoule/M.²

: good, not ' defects

: 0%

: 1.33 grams/cm.³ Thickness

Surface gloss, side 1

(angle of incidence 20 degrees), side 2

Light transmission

Image sharpness (clarity)

Turbidity

The total color change AEs

AI dark color change

- Red color change

a.A green

- Blue color change

j-Aβ alder

Surface defects (cracks,

embrittlement)

Yellow index grams

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy of

Resilience with inset_{the K}

Notched Izod

6 mm

171

169

88.3%

99.5%

2.7

0.56

-0.21

-0.11

+ 0.51

none

6

not rupture 4.6 KJoule/M.²

Cold-workability

good, not defects

Similarly to the example 3, a plate is prepared amorphous, transparent. The extrusion temperature of 275 °c. The temperature of the first cylinder of the calender is 57 °c and that of the other cylinders of 50 C. the pull rate and that of the rolls of the calender is 1.7 meters/min. of. The plate is stabilized as to the example 3.

The plate PET prepared has the profile features of:

Thickness: 10 mm surface gloss, side 1:163

(angle of incidence 20 degrees), side 2:161 light transmission: 8, 6.5%

Image sharpness (clarity): 99.2%

Turbidity

Surface defects by m² (speckles, orange peel,

bubbles, and so on)

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy of

Resilience with inset_{the K}

Notched Izod

4.95%

none

not rupture 5.1 KJoule/M.²

Cold-workability

good, not defects

Crystallinity

0.1%

Density

1.33 grams/cm.³

After each case 1000 hours of weathering per side in an atlas IC 65 Oceangraphic Ometer, the plate PET has the following characteristics:

Thickness: 10 mm surface gloss, side 1:160

(angle of incidence 20 degrees), side 2:159 light transmission: 8, 6.2%

Image sharpness (clarity): 99.1% turbidity: 5.0

The total color change AEs_: the O, 47 AI dark color change_; -0.18

Color change red - ^ _

a.A green

- Blue color change _{the n} . _

aβ yellow

Surface defects (cracks,: none embrittlement)

Yellow index grams

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy of

Resilience with inset_{the K}

Notched Izod

: 5

: not rupture: 4.5 KJoule/M.²

Cold-workability

good, not defects

Similarly to the example 1, plate made from a amorphous, transparent. In contrast to the example 1, the plate does not contain UV stabilizer. The poly (ethylene terephthalate) used, the extrusion parameters, the process parameters and temperatures are selected as to the example 1.

The plate PET prepared, transparent, has the characteristic profile Injury Control

Thickness

Surface gloss, side 1

(angle of incidence 20 degrees), side 2

Light transmission

Image sharpness (clarity)

Turbidity

Surface defects by m²

(speckles, orange peel,

bubbles, and so on)

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy of

Resilience with inset_{the K}

Notched Izod

Cold-workability

Crystallinity

Density

After each case 1000 hours of weathering per side in an atlas IC 65 Oceangraphic Ometer, the plate PET has the following characteristics:

Thickness: 3 mm

Surface gloss, side 1:98

(angle of incidence 20 degrees), side 2:95 light transmission: 79.5%

Image sharpness (clarity): 81.2%

: 3 mm

: 200

: 198

: 91.4%

: 1.3%

: none

: not rupture

: 4.3 kJoule/M.²

: good, not defects

: 0%

. 1.33 grams/cm.³ Turbidity

The total color change AEs

AI dark color change

- Red color change

a.A green

- Blue color change

yellow tob

Surface defects by m²

(cracks, embrittlement)

Yellow index grams

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy of

Resilience with inset_{the K}

Notched Izod

Cold-workability

With the visual observation, the

discoloration "yellow" clearly V.

are blunt and weakened.

Similarly to the example 3, a plate is prepared amorphous, transparent. Unlike the example 3, the plate prepared does not contain UV stabilizer. The poly (ethylene terephthalate) used, the extrusion parameters, parameters' method and the temperatures are selected as to the example 3.

The plate PET prepared, transparent, has the characteristic profile according

: 7.8%

: 3.41

: -0.29

: -0.87

: + 3.29

: embrittlement

: 17

: complete rupture to 34.8 KJoule/M.²

: 1.3 kJoule/M.²

: cracking

i-plate has a isible. The surfaces surface defects by m² (speckles, orange peel, bubbles, and so on)

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy notched impact strength with notch has an Izod ^

Cold-workability

none

not rupture 4.8 KJoule/M.²

good, not defects

Crystallinity

Density

0%

1.33 grams/cm.³

After each case 1000 hours of weathering per side in an atlas IC 65 Oceangraphic Ometer, the plate PET has the following characteristics:

Thickness

Surface gloss, side 1 (incidence angle 20 degrees), side 2 light transmission image sharpness (clarity) turbidity

The total color change of dark color change AEs AI color change rougevert AAs

6 mm

91

87

72.5%

78.3%

12.9%

3.61

-0.26

-0.91

- Blue color change

aβ yellow

+ 3.48

Surface defects (cracks, embrittlement) embrittlement, ' cracks

Yellow index gm resilience has_{the n} Charpy of

Resilience with notch has an Izod ^

18

complete rupture to 46.2 KJoule/M.²

1.6 kJoule/M.²

Cold-workability cracking

With the visual observation, the plate has a discoloration "yellow" clearly visible. The surfaces are rounded and weakened.

Similarly to 1¹ Example 3, plate made from a translucent, colored clear, UV stabilized, using poly (ethylene terephthalate), the UV stabilizer and the masterbatch of the example 3. The temperature of the first cylinder of the calender is 83 °c and those of each of the other cylinders 77 °c.

The plate prepared shows turbidity extreme and is substantially opaque. The transmission of light, picture sharpness and brightness are reduced substantially. The plate has defects and surface structures. The optic is unacceptable for use transparent.

The plate prepared has the characteristic profile according to:

Thickness

Surface gloss, side 1

(angle of incidence 20 degrees), side 2

Light transmission

Image sharpness (clarity)

Turbidity

Surface defects by m²

(speckles, orange peel,

bubbles, and so on)

Resilience has_{the n} Charpy of

Resilience with inset_{the K}

Notched Izod

6 mm

86

88

8%

unmeasurable unmeasurable

bubbles, skin ' orange

: not rupture: 5.0 KJoule/M.²

Cold-workability

Crystallinity

Density

good

about 8% 1.34 gm/cm.³

Because of the unacceptable optical, the plate was not exposed to the weather.