29-09-2016 дата публикации
Номер: US20160280610A1
Принадлежит:
Compositions and methods are provided for a system in which liquid carbon dioxide, or a mixture of liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide, is converted to solid carbon dioxide by exiting an orifice at a sufficient pressure drop, e.g., for delivery of carbon dioxide to a concrete mixture in a mixer. 1. An apparatus for determining a flow rate of carbon dioxide , comprising:(i) a delivery line through which flows gaseous carbon dioxide, liquid carbon dioxide, or a combination of gaseous and liquid carbon dioxide;{'sub': p', 'o', 'o', 'p, '(ii) an orifice at the distal end of the delivery line, through which the carbon dioxide exits from the delivery line, wherein the diameter of the delivery line as it joins the orifice is Dand the diameter of the orifice is D, and wherein Dis less than D;'}(iii) a first temperature sensor proximal to the orifice and configured to detect a first temperature, T, of carbon dioxide in the delivery line and to transmit the detected first temperature to a flow rate calculation system;{'sub': 'u', '(iv) a pressure sensor proximal to the orifice and configured to detect a pressure, P, of carbon dioxide in the delivery line and to transmit the detected pressure to the flow rate calculation system; and'}{'sub': 'D', '(v) a second temperature sensor distal to the orifice and configured to detect a second temperature, T, of carbon dioxide exiting the orifice and to transmit the detected second temperature to the flow rate calculation system.'}2. The apparatus of further comprising:(vi) the flow rate calculation system3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the flow rate calculation system is configured to{'sub': 'D', '(a) at a first time, determine from Twhether the carbon dioxide in the delivery line when it reaches the orifice is 100% gas or 100% liquid, or a mix of gas and liquid, and'}{'sub': p', 'o', 'u', 'o', 'u', 'D, '(b) calculate an instantaneous flow rate for the first time, wherein when the carbon dioxide in the delivery line as it is ...
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