Verfahren zur Durchfuehrung thermischer Zersetzungen

Vorrichtung zur Durchfuehrung chemischer oder physikalischer Reaktionen zwischen feinkoernigem oder pulverfoermigem Gut und Gas

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesserung und Beschleunigung von Behandlungsvorgaengen pulverfoermiger Stoffe

Improvements in or relating to the preparation of fluorocarbon compounds

Phosphorus trifluoride is obtained as a byproduct in the preparation of fluorocarbon compounds by contacting phosphorus pentafluoride with carbon at a temperature of at least 1000 DEG C. It may be reconverted to PF5 by treating it with chlorine to form PF3Cl2, heating this to cause disproportionation in accordance with the equation: 5PF3Cl2-->3PF5+2PCl5, and reacting the PCl5 with calcium fluoride at 300-600 DEG C. to form more PF5.ALSO:Fluorocarbon compounds, especially carbon tetrafluoride and tetrafluoroethylene, are produced by the contacting phosphorus penta fluoride with carbon at a temperature of at least 1000 DEG C. (e.g. up to 2600 DEG C.) for a time sufficient to ensure a substantially complete conversion of the PF5 to PF3 and thereafter cooling the product to below 500 DEG C. (preferably in under 10 milliseconds to obtain the maximum yield of tetrafluoroethylene). In examples, PF5 is passed through a graphite tube containing granular graphite heated by induction to about 2000 ...

Device for the heat transfer or the implementation of chemical reactions.

CONTROL CONTROLLING OF A THERMOCHEMICAL REACTION OR AN ADSORPTION BETWEEN CELEBRATIONS A BODY AND A GAS

Procedure for the execution of gaseous phase reactions

HEATER ASSEMBLY USING A PLASMA

REACTING GAS AND NON-GAS IN VORTEX SEPARATOR

HALOGENATION TREATMENT

A batch process for the halogenation of solid polymeric or metallic material comprising the following steps: (a) providing a closed system comprising a chamber containing air at about atmospheric pressure and having inlet and outlet means, a heat exchanger, and a circulation pump, all connected in series; (b) introducing the material into the chamber; (c) heating the chamber and the material to a selected temperature in the range of about 100.degree.F to about 200.degree.F by recirculating the air through the heat exchanger; (d) evacuating the system; (e) introducing a halogen into the system in an amount (i) of up to about 10 percent in excess of the theoretical amount of halogen required to halogenate the polymeric material to a desired depth and (ii) sufficient to provide a partial pressure in the system in the range of about 0.1 psia to about 3 psia; (f) introducing an inert gas into the system is an amount sufficient to provide a total pressure in the system of about one atmosphere ...

Appareil pour effectuer des réactions chimiques de fluides gazeux.

Vorrichtung zur Durchführung chemischer oder physikalischer Reaktionen zwischen einem Gas und feinkörnigem oder pulverförmigem Gut

Procédé d'obtention en continu de bioxyde d'uranium et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé

Vorrichtung zur Wärmebehandlung, insbesondere zum Brennen, Rösten oder Sintern von Gut in der Schwebe und Verfahren zum Betrieb der Vorrichtung

Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Gewinnung von Furfural aus festen Pentosan- und Pentose-haltigen Rohmaterialien nebst Anordnung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens

Vorrichtung zum Wärmeaustausch zwischen zwei Medien

Dispositif pour la fabrication d'un corps et sa purification par sublimation

Verfahren zur Herstellung von feinstteiligem Siliciummonoxid

Preparation of very fine silicon oxides part- - icles

Large SiO2 particles are reduced by the hydrocarbon plasma jet from a plasma torch stabilised by liquid hydrocarbons; part of the hydrocarbon stabiliser vaporised and decomposed in the arc zone is withdrawn with the recirculating hydrocarbon liquid, separated from the liquid and used as supporting gas for the SiO2 supply. The SiO formed initially is reoxidised to SiO2 by means of H2O and/or CO2. The process expends less energy than the electric-arc method.

Verfahren zur Durchführung von Gasphasenreaktionen

SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR PREPARING CERAMIC POWDERS

Reactor for producing high purity granular silicon and method thereof

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION DE PIECES OU POUDRES EN UN COMPOSE DE SILICIUM OU D'UN METAL, PAR REACTION DE PIECES OU POUDRES DE SILICIUM OU D'UN METAL A L'ETAT SOLIDE SUR UN GAZ

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION DE PIECES OU POUDRES EN UN COMPOSE DU SILICIUM OU D'UN METAL PAR REACTION EXOTHERMIQUE DES PIECES OU POUDRES DE SILICIUM OU D'UN METAL A L'ETAT SOLIDE SUR UN GAZ, DANS LEQUEL ON ENREGISTRE LE DEBIT DIFFERENTIEL OU LA VARIATION DE PRESSION DU GAZ REACTIF AU CONTACT DE LA PIECE OU DE LA POUDRE, ET L'ON EFFECTUE LA REACTION A DES TEMPERATURES CROISSANTES EN FONCTION DU DEBIT DIFFERENTIEL OU DE LA PRESSION DU GAZ REACTIF. ON DETERMINE AU PREALABLE UN DEBIT DIFFERENTIEL MAXIMAL DU GAZ REACTIF EN FONCTION DE LA NATURE CHIMIQUE DES PIECES OU POUDRES, ET EVENTUELLEMENT DE LA DENSITE ET DES DIMENSIONS DES PIECES, ET SUSPEND LA MONTEE EN TEMPERATURE LORSQUE LE DEBIT DIFFERENTIEL OU LA VITESSE DE CHUTE DE PRESSION DU GAZ REACTIFATTEIGNENT LA VALEUR MAXIMALE DETERMINEE, AU-DELA DE LAQUELLE LA REACTION S'EMBALLERAIT ET NE PERMETTRAIT PAS D'OBTENIR UNE TRANSFORMATION COMPLETE DES PIECES OU POUDRES. APPLICATION A LA NITRURATION DE PIECES OU POUDRES DE SILICIUM.

Chambre de combustion pour laser chimique

... a) Chambre de combustion pour laser chimique delivrant du fluor atomique par combustion d'une substance combustible solide avec un gaz oxydant source de fluor. b) Elle comprend une enveloppe 1, delimitant un volume constituant la cavite 11 de ladite chambre et est interieurement revetue par le materiau solide combustible et comporte, en outre, des plaques ajourees 12 du meme materiau combustible disposees transversalement. c) Application aux lasers a fluorure d'hydrogene ou a fluorure de deuterium.

ENGINE FOR the FIXING Of a GAS ON a SOLID, USABLE IN PARTICULAR FOR the CHLORINATION OF SCRAPING BLADES Of WINDSCREEN WIPERS

Plasma-heated chemical reactor - for finely dispersed solids, using plasma temps., of 3000-5000 deg. K

APPARATUS FOR GASEOUS TREATMENT OF SIZED MATERIALS

Preparation of tétrafluoréthylène

Reforming device and reforming method for porous material

On one end side of a chamber (2) of this reforming device (1), a gas supply part (3) is provided, and on the other end side of the chamber (2), a gas discharge part (4) is provided. A support part (5) that supports a porous material (10) is provided between the gas supply part (3) and the gas discharge part (4) inside the chamber (2). In addition, an unsaturated hydrocarbon gas of an unsaturated hydrocarbon supply device (31) and an ozone gas of an ozone generation device (32) are each supplied into the chamber (2) via the gas supply part (3), whereby the outer peripheral surface and the inside surface of the porous material (10) accommodated in the chamber (2) are reformed. The gas inside the chamber (2) is suctioned by the gas discharge part (4) and discharged out of the chamber (2).

Metal cored ceramic surfaced fine powder material and apparatus and method for making it

A ceramic surface-metallic core particle composite fine powder material is disclosed, composed of fine particles each having a metallic core and a ceramic surface layer, in which the average value of the ratio of the thickness of the surface layer of a powder particle to the radius of the particle is substantially greater than 0.05. A method and an apparatus for making this material from core metal and a gas which combines with the core metal to form the ceramic outer layer are also described, in which a gaseous mixture of vapor of the core metal and the gas is passed through a convergent-divergent nozzle and is thereby rapidly cooled by adiabatic expansion so that the core metal as it solidifies forms metal cores for fine particles while the gas reacts with the outer layers of these particles to form ceramic surface layers.

Metal cored ceramic surfaced fine powder material and apparatus and method for making it

A ceramic surface-metallic core particle composite fine powder material is disclosed, composed of fine particles each having a metallic core and a ceramic surface layer, in which the average value of the ratio of the thickness of the surface layer of a powder particle to the radius of the particle is substantially greater than 0.05. A method and an apparatus for making this material from core metal and a gas which combines with the core metal to form the ceramic outer layer are also described, in which a gaseous mixture of vapor of the core metal and the gas is passed through a convergent-divergent nozzle and is thereby rapidly cooled by adiabatic expansion so that the core metal as it solidifies forms metal cores for fine particles while the gas reacts with the outer layers of these particles to form ceramic surface layers.

DENITRATION OF WASTE GAS

PURPOSE: To remove nitrogen oxide from a large amount of an exhaust gas in good efficiency, by a method wherein the honeycomb catalyst of a catalytic reductive denitration method is vertically placed and the exhaust gas is flowed vertically at a specific space velocity. CONSTITUTION: In denitrating a combustion exhaust gas containing nitrogen oxide by a catalytic reduction method, a catalyst having a honeycomb carrier formed from an inorg. fiber is vertically placed in a reactor 3 and the exhaust gas is vertically flowed to the earth surface as well as the space velocity of the exhaust gas in the reactor 3 is adjusted to a range of 1.5W5m/sec. By this mechanism, because the increase of a pressure drop as well as dust adhesion are prevented, the removal capacity of NOx can be kept high over a long period of time. COPYRIGHT: (C)1983,JPO&Japio ...

РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГАЗА, БОГАТОГО ВОДОРОДОМ И/ИЛИ ОКИСЬЮ УГЛЕРОДА

FIELD: chemical engineering. SUBSTANCE: reactor has casing operated under pressure and provided by hydrocarbon raw material-supply device and containing medium oxygen; refractory lining located on the inside wall of casing; and product-discharge means. Reactor is distinguished by that refractory lining is provided, at least in upper part of reactor, by reforming catalyst bed in amount from 0.01 to 0.15 g/sq.m. Bottom part of reactor may enclose catalyst bed. EFFECT: enhanced process efficiency. 2 cl, 1 dwg оэ560гс ПЫ Го РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) ВИ “” 2 109 560 ' 13) СЛ 5 МК” В 01 4 19/26, 8/04 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 93049104/25, 12.08.1993 (30) Приоритет: 13.08.1992 ОК 1013/92 (46) Дата публикации: 27.04.1998 (56) Ссылки: ЗЦ, авторское свидетельство, 811551, кл. В 01 4 8/04, 1982. ЕР, патент, 0113198, кл. С 01 В 3.2, 1990. (71) Заявитель: Хальдор Топсеэ А/С (ОК) (72) Изобретатель: Ивар Иварсен Примдаль[0К] (73) Патентообладатель: Хальдор Топсеэ А/С (ОК) С1 (54) РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ГАЗА, БОГАТОГО ВОДОРОДОМ ИМЛИ ОКИСЬЮ УГЛЕРОДА (57) Реферат: Использование: получение газа, богатого водородом и/или окисью углерода. Сущность изобретения: предлагается реактор для получения газа, богатого водородом и/или окисью углерода, включающий работающий ПОД давлением КОЖУХ, снабженный устройством для подачи исходного углеводородного сырья и содержащей кислород среды, огнеупорной ‹футеровкой, расположенной на внутренней стенке кожуха, и устройством для вывода продукта, реактор согласно изобретению отличается тем, что огнеупорная футеровка снабжена по крайней мере в верхней части реактора, слоем катализатора риформинга в количестве от 0,01 до 0,15 м2. Реактор по изобретению может содержать в нижней части слой катализатора. 1 з.п.ф-лы, 1 ил. 10 2109560 КО оэ560гс ПЫ Го КУЗЗАМ АСЕМСУ ГОК РАТЕМТ$ АМО ТКАОЕМАКК$ (19) 13) ВОИ” 2109 560 ' (51) 1пЁ. С1.6 В 013 19/26, 8/04 СЛ 12) АВЗТКАСТ ОЕ 1МУЕМТОМ (21), (22 ...

ПОРИСТЫЕ ЧАСТИЦЫ ПРИВИТОГО СОПОЛИМЕРА, СПОСОБ ИХ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ И АДСОРБИРУЮЩИЙ МАТЕРИАЛ, В КОТОРОМ ОНИ ПРИМЕНЯЮТСЯ

... 1. Пористая частица привитого сополимера, содержащая привитый сополимер в форме пористых частиц, причем привитый сополимер содержит по меньшей мере одну смолу, выбранную из группы, состоящей из олефиновой смолы, водонерастворимой модифицированной смолы на основе поливинилового спирта, амидной смолы, целлюлозной смолы, хитозановой смолы и (мет)акрилатной смолы; причем смола содержит введенную в нее привитую цепь, и средний диаметр пор на поверхности частицы находится в диапазоне от 0,01 мкм до 50 мкм.2. Пористая частица привитого сополимера по п. 1, в которой водонерастворимая модифицированная смола на основе поливинилового спирта представляет собой сополимер этилена и винилового спирта.3. Пористая частица привитого сополимера по п. 1, в которой привитая цепь включает структурное звено, содержащее функциональную группу.4. Пористая частица привитого сополимера по п. 2, в которой привитая цепь включает структурное звено, содержащее функциональную группу.5. Пористая частица привитого сополимера ...

СПОСОБ ВВЕДЕНИЯ ОКИСЛИТЕЛЯ

... 1. Способ горения в печи, содержащей зону горения и выпускную зону, три окислителя и топливо, включающий стадии: введения топлива в указанную зону горения; введения первого окислителя в зону горения; введения второго окислителя в зону горения; введения третьего окислителя в выпускную зону; в котором в процессе указанной стадии введения первого окислителя имеют место стадия введения второго окислителя и стадия введения третьего окислителя. 2. Способ по п.1, в котором в процессе, по меньшей мере, части указанной стадии введения первого окислителя имеют место как стадия введения второго окислителя, так и стадия введения третьего окислителя. 3. Способ по п.1, в котором указанный первый окислитель обеспечивает в указанной зоне горения стехиометрическое соотношение в интервале от 0,2 до 1,1. 4. Способ по п.1, в котором указанный первый окислитель обеспечивает в указанной зоне горения стехиометрическое соотношение меньше 1. 5. Способ по п.1, в котором указанный первый окислитель обеспечивает в ...

Verfahren zur chemischen Modifikation der Oberflächeneigenschaften eines polymeren Gegenstandes

Verfahren und Vorrichtung für die gesteuerte Oxidation von Materialien

Bei einem Verfahren zum Durchführen der gesteuerten Oxidation eines Materials, so wie Al(Ga)As, wird dieses in einer gesteuerten Weise oxidiert, indem es in einen Reaktor gebracht wird, und indem bewirkt wird, daß ein Trägergas, das einen oxidierenden Dampf, so wie Wasser, auf einem gesteuerten Partikeldruck enthält, über das oxidierbare Material strömt. Auf diese Weise kann der Reaktionsprozeß auf nur eine Variable empfindlich gemacht werden.

VORRICHTUNG ZUR DURCHFUEHRUNG VON CHLORIERUNGSREAKTIONEN

VORRICHTUNG ZUR DEHYDRIERUNG VON FLUESSIGEN HYDRIDEN

The device described comprises a chemical reactor (18) for dehydrating the hot vaporized hydride, a preheating stage (12a, 12b) for preheating the hydride, a vaporizing stage (14a, 14b) for vaporizing the hydride, a superheating stage (16a, 16b) for superheating the vaporized hydride and a condensor stage (10a, 10b) for cooling the dehydration products. All stages, including the reactor, are designed as plate-shaped hybrid heat exchangers arranged in stacks side by side. Two cylindrical storage chambers (6a, 6b) for the dehydration products are arranged at either end of the heat exchanger stack. Lateral plates (30, 32) connected to the storage chambers (6a, 6b) act as stays and together with the storage chambers provide the device with the necessary stability. Ducts for the flow media are housed in the spaces (36, 38) between the lateral plates (30, 32) and the heat exchanger stack. The device is economical to construct, compact and light.

DEVICE FOR THE DEHYDROGENATION OF LIQUID HYDRIDES.

HALOGENATION TREATMENT OF POLYMERS OR METALS

Medication disposal system

The potential for environmental release of unused and expired medications is reduced by the provision of a system and method for combining the unused or expired medication with an amount of activated carbon as part of a disposal procedure.

PROCESS FOR IMPROVED SURFACE PROPERTIES INCORPORATING COMPRESSIVE HEATING OF REACTIVE GASES

An apparatus and method are used to modify the surface chemistry of an article. The article to be surface treated has at least a surface region that includes at least one polymer. The method comprises the steps of placing one or more articles into a closed reaction chamber which is evacuated to a negative pressure. After evacuation, a treatment gas is rapidly injected into the reaction chamber, the treatment gas having an essentially predetermined composition comprising one or more components which are reactive with the articles within the reaction chamber. The treatment gas is allowed to react with the articles within the closed reaction chamber for a predetermined period of time. The treatment gas is then removed from within the reaction chamber and replaced with an inert gas at about atmospheric pressure. Finally, the treated articles are removed from the treatment chamber.

APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF SIZED MATERIALS

APPARATUS FOR DEHYDROGENATION OF LIQUID HYDRIDES

An apparatus for the dehydrogenation of liquid hydrides consisting of a chemical reactor (18) to dehydrogenate the heated vaporous hydrides, a pre-heating stage (12a, 12b) to pre-heat the hydride, a vaporization stage (14a, 14b), to vaporize the hydride, a superheating stage (16a, 16b) to superheat the vaporous hydrides and a condensation stage (10a, 10b) to cool the dehydrogenation products. All stages, including the reactor, are designed as plate-shaped hybrid heat exchangers stacked side by side. Two cylindrical storage containers (6a, 6b) for the dehydrogenation products are located at both front ends of the heat exchanger stack. Side plates (30, 32) linked to the storage containers (6a, 6b) function as tie rods, providing the apparatus, in conjunction with the storage containers with the required stability. The spaces (36, 38) between the side plates and the heat exchanger stack hold guide channels for the flow media. In particular, the apparatus is distinguished by its inexpensive ...

Device of purification by sublimation

PROCESS FOR the PREPARATION OF GARNISHINGS HYDROPHILISES ON the SURFACE, FOR INSTALLATIONS Of INTERPHASE EXCHANGE OF MASSES AND/OR HEAT

Process and processor uninterrupted applicable to the reactions solid-gas, and in particular to obtaining uranium dioxide of well defined characteristics

B2F4 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

APPARATUS FOR GASEOUS TREATMENT OF SIZED MATERIALS

Apparatus for solid gas reaction

Continuous fluorination of carbon is carried out by employing an apparatus for contact reaction of solid powder and reactive gas which comprises a horizontal reactor having a trough provided with weirs (e.g. height: 1 to 6 mm., interval: 5 to 30 cm.) and a vibrating means for vibrating the trough, and in which carbon particles supplied continuously are transported on the trough in a form of thin layer by the vibration of the trough while continuing the reaction by contacting efficiently the carbon particles with a fluorine gas. The contact reaction is efficiently conducted without accumulating the reaction heat to produce the fluorinated carbon in high yields, and the process is useful for the mass production. The apparatus is also useful for various contact reaction of a solid powder and a reactive gas.

Means for producing a suspension of a powdery substance and a reaction gas

A suspension of a powdery substance and a reaction gas is formed by allowing the powdery substance to fall as an annular flow into a reaction space, feeding the reaction gas downwardly to encircle the annular flow of powdery substance, the kinetic energy of the annular flow of descending powdery substance being utilized towards its gradual spreading to the sides with the aid of a sliding surface disposed within the reaction space, so that the flow of powdery substance which has been spread to be laterally directed will meet the reaction gas flow substantially at right angles in the reaction space.

Process for the surface halogenation of polymeric or metallic materials

DEPOSITED FILM FORMING DEVICE BY CVD METHOD

PURPOSE: To reduce the size of a device and to make uniform the quality and thickness of films by supplying an active species and other gaseous raw materials to the inside of a folding top-like sheet substrate slackened upward between rollers provided in a reaction vessel. CONSTITUTION: The sheet substrate 3 wound on a supply rotor 2 provided in the reaction vessel 1 is conveyed and the folding top-like slackening part is formed in a reaction space A between the 1st conveying roller 4 and the 2nd conveying roller 5. The substrate is taken up on a take-up rotor 6 juxtaposed therewith. The above-mentioned slackening part is continuously heated by a heating means 8. On the other hand, the gaseous raw material for forming the active species is introduced into the space B of an activation vessel 11 where the active species is formed. The active seed is uniformly supplied from an active seed supply pipe 10 to the sheet substrate 3 in the space A and the gaseous raw materials are supplied thereto ...

GAS-SOLID PHASE REACTION CONTAINER

PURPOSE: To make gas-solid phase reaction active and prevent formation of a not reacted material remain and of intermediate products by forming a solid molding holding part of a reaction container to be uneven and holding the solid molding on the tips of projected parts of the uneven surface and ventilating a gas in recessed parts. CONSTITUTION: A gas is led to a solid molding 7 contained in a container to carry out gas-solid phase reaction. The solid molding 7 holding part of the gas-solid phase reaction container is so formed to have projected parts and recessed parts and the solid molding 7 is held in the tips of the projected parts 4 and the gas is ventilated in the recessed parts. As a result, the gas-solid phase reaction is made active and formation of a not reacted material remain and of intermediate products can be prevented as much as possible, and the purity of the products such as AlN, BN, Si3N4, etc., can be improved. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO&Japio ...

РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОЛИКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО КРЕМНИЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МОНОСИЛАНОВОГО МЕТОДА

... 1. Реактор (10) для получения поликристаллического кремния с использованием моносиланового метода, содержащий днище (2), в котором имеется множество форсунок (4), через которые в реактор поступает кремнийсодержащий газ, множество также установленных на днище (2) реактора стержней (6) и находящееся на расстоянии от форсунок (4) выпускное отверстие (8) для газа, предназначенное для подачи отработанного моносилана для обогащения и/или переработки, отличающийся тем, что выпускное отверстие (8) для газа расположено на свободном конце (21) внутренней трубы (20), и тем, что внутренняя труба (20) проходит через днище (2) реактора, причем внутренняя труба (20) содержит наружную стенку (20а) и внутреннюю стенку (20i), за счет чего образуется промежуточное пространство, в котором имеется по меньшей мере один циркуляционный контур (71) охлаждающей воды.2. Реактор (10) по п.1, отличающийся тем, что внутренняя труба (20) расположена в центре (3) днища (2) реактора, и что множество выпускных отверстий ...

Способ получения фторалкенов

Inflating perlite or other inflatable - materials

Apparatus for swelling perlite or other inflatable material has a conical processing chamber in the upper part, i.e. the widest part, of which a hot-air duct enters tangentially. The chamber produces a spiralling effect and an outlet duct for the swollen material runs out from the upper end of the chamber.

A method of effecting gas-phase reactions

... In a gas phase reaction forming a normally solid product at least one reactant gas is pre-heated to 250-800 DEG C. and subsequently heated before or during the reaction to 800-2000 DEG C. by an electric discharge running at 1-10 kv., any other reactant gas(es) being introduced cold or up to 800 DEG C., the gases being reacted in a primary reaction vessel of circular cross-section into which one hot gas is introduced tangentially to maintain inert spheres in motion to keep the vessel wall free of solid product, the reaction being completed in a secondary reaction chamber and the product being extracted from the cooled effluent gases. Oxides, nitrides, carbides, borides, sulphides, silicides and halides are prepared, particularly oxides of Ti, Si, Al, Fe as fine powders. In examples TiCl4 and air or oxygen react to form TiO2; SiCl4 is hydrolysed using steam to form SiO2; TiCl4 is reduced to TiCl3 using hydrogen. Mixtures, e.g. TiCl4 and AlCl3 or SiCl4 may be reacted with ...

Improvements in or relating to solid-gas reactions

UO3 in the form of pastilles or granules is introduced into the furnace by means of hopper 8, provided with a rotatable obturation 9 permitting the supply of UO3 to the furnace, and at the same time preventing the release of powder to the outside, and is heated inside the furnace 1 to a temperature between 600 DEG and 900 DEG C., in the presence of a counter-current of air via inlet 10 and outlet 11. The oxide leaves the furnace 1 for cooler 2, comprising a double envelope 13 with a water inlet at 14 and an outlet at 15. Nitrogen introduced at 16 and leaving at 17 circulates in a counter-current to the oxide. Several modifications of the furnace 1 and the cooler 2 can be provided. The oxide flows through throttle 18 in the form of U3O8 or in an intermediate form between UO3 and U3O8 into vertical furnace 3. A reducing mixture of ammonia-nitrogen gas is introduced at 20 and the escaping gases leave at 21. The temperature of the reaction is regulated between 400 DEG and ...

Apparatus for the production and purification of a sublimable substance

... 1,091,694. Production and purification of sublimable substances. COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. Oct. 4, 1965 [Oct. 7, 1964], No. 42098/65. Headings B1B and B1F. A sublimable substance is produced by chemical reaction between a solid and a gas, e.g. beryllium chloride by the action of hydrochloric acid gas on beryllium in flake form, and is purified by sublimation and condensation, the production, sublimation and condensation being carried out in the same tubular chamber 2. Flakes of beryllium are introduced through a throttle device 22 into tank 16 situated in a zone heated by a jacket 4. Gaseous hydrochloric acid is admitted via inlet 6, beryllium chloride forming and being immediately sublimed with condensing taking place on a vibrating U-shaped element 30 through which refrigerant flows. The vibrations cause the product to be detached and it collects in chute 42 and passes from there via duct 44 to a recovery box. The tube may be initially purged by a steam of anhydrous inert gas ...

PROCEDURE FOR OBERFLAECHENHALOGENIERUNG OF POLYMERI OR METALLIC MATERIALS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF THE SURFACE PROPERTIES POLYMERS OF AN ARTICLE

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE CONTROLLED OXIDATION OF MATERIALS

A method of carrying out the controlled oxidation of A material, such as Al(Ga)As is oxidised in a controlled manner placing it in a reactor, and causing a carrier gas containing an oxidising vapour, such as water, at a controlled partial pressure to flow over the oxidisable material. In this way, the reaction process can be made sensitive to only one variable.

MEDICATION DISPOSAL SYSTEM

The potential for environmental release of unused and expired medications is reduced by the provision of a system and method for combining the unused or expired medication with an amount of acti-vated carbon as part of a disposal procedure.

REACTOR FOR PRODUCING POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON USING THE MONOSILANE PROCESS

A reactor (10) is disclosed for producing polycrystalline silicon, which reactor is provided with a reactor base plate (2) which has a multiplicity of nozzles (4) formed therein. A silicon-containing gas flows through the nozzles (4) . A plurality of filament rods (6) are likewise mounted on the reactor base plate (2). In addition, a gas outlet opening (8) for feeding used silicon-containing gas to an enrichment and/or treatment stage is provided. The gas outlet opening (8) is formed at a free end (21) of an inner tube (20), wherein the inner tube (20) is conducted through the reactor base plate (2).

Device and a method for carrying out a chemical reaction or physics enter a gas and a granulous solid matter or a liquid matter

FOUR DE PYROHYDROLYSE A VAPEUR SURCHAUFFEE

FOUR COMPORTANT INTERIEUREMENT UNE CHAMBRE REACTIONNELLE 3 EQUIPEE VERS L'EXTERIEUR D'UNE OUVERTURE 5 D'ENTREE ET DE SORTIE D'UNE NACELLE CONTENANT UN ECHANTILLON A TRAITER, CETTE CHAMBRE ETANT RELIEE EN AMONT PAR UN CONDUIT D'ARRIVEE DE VAPEUR 11 A UNE SOURCE DE PRODUCTION DE VAPEUR 13 ET EN AVAL A UN REFRIGERANT 15 POUR CONDENSER LES PRODUITS DE LA REACTION. LE CONDUIT D'ARRIVEE DE VAPEUR EST ENROULE EN SERPENTIN 12 AUTOUR DE LA CHAMBRE REACTIONNELLE DE L'AVAL VERS L'AMONT AVANT DE DEBOUCHER EN AN AMONT DE LA CHAMBRE REACTIONNELLE, DE TELLE SORTE QUE LA VAPEUR ATTEINT LE PRODUIT A TRAITER A UNE TEMPERATURE VOISINE DE CELLE DE LA NACELLE. APPLICATION A TOUTES LES REACTIONS CHIMIQUES SOUS ATMOSPHERE DE VAPEUR SURCHAUFFEE.

REACTION CHAMBER HEATED DEVICE FOR OXYGEN GENERATION

Whipped cream type product - comprising oil-in-water emulsion with globular protein

B2f4 manufacturing process

DEVICE FOR DEHYDRATING LIQUID HYDRIDES

The device described comprises a chemical reactor (18) for dehydrating the hot vaporized hydride, a preheating stage (12a, 12b) for preheating the hydride, a vaporizing stage (14a, 14b) for vaporizing the hydride, a superheating stage (16a, 16b) for superheating the vaporized hydride and a condensor stage (10a, 10b) for cooling the dehydration products. All stages, including the reactor, are designed as plate-shaped hybrid heat exchangers arranged in stacks side by side. Two cylindrical storage chambers (6a, 6b) for the dehydration products are arranged at either end of the heat exchanger stack. Lateral plates (30, 32) connected to the storage chambers (6a, 6b) act as stays and together with the storage chambers provide the device with the necessary stability. Ducts for the flow media are housed in the spaces (36, 38) between the lateral plates (30, 32) and the heat exchanger stack. The device is economical to construct, compact and light.

Process for preparing concentrated tetrafluoroboric acid

Process for the preparation of a concentrated tetrafluoroboric acid from boron/oxygen compounds and hydrogen fluoride by reacting a solid boron/oxygen compound with a hydrogen fluoride-containing gas.

Method of reducing the lignin in wood pulp with oxygen gas recirculation

An exothermic reaction of a gas with a gas permeable material is performed in a retention vessel. Temperature control of the exothermic reaction is obtained by recirculating the gas from the top of the vessel downwardly through and co-current to the gas permeable material and removing the downwardly flowing gas at a point above the bottom of the reactor and simultaneously recirculating gas which has been cooled into the bottom of the reactor, upwardly through and counter-current to the gas permeable material and removing the gas at a point above the bottom of the reactor.

Atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma treatment method

An atmospheric pressure glow discharge plasma treatment method, in which a gaseous mixture comprising argon, argon and helium, or argon and hydrogen, mixed with water vapor or water vapor and ketones at room temperature or a specified temperature, is introduced into a plasma reactor having a dielectric-coated electrode comprising a solid dielectric disposed on the surface of at least one of opposing electrodes, and a high-frequency voltage is applied under atmospheric pressure to generate atmospheric pressure glow discharge and excite a plasma, thereby making surface treatment of plastics or fibers disposed between the electrodes.

Multi-channel body

Verfahren zur chemischen Modifikation der Oberflächeneigenschaften eines polymeren Gegenstandes

Forming oxide layers in semiconductor layers

A method of oxidising a layer of a semi conductor device comprises placing the device 14 in a furnace 10 and supplying a carrier gas such as nitrogen containing an oxidising vapour such as water vapour to the furnace. The device may be a VCSEL having an AlGaAs layer which is to be oxidised to form an optical aperture. The partial pressure of the water vapour is controlled by controlling the temperature of a water bath 18.

Apparatus for heating, burning and cooling granular and pulverous materials

... 1,066,906. Furnaces for treating solids in suspension; preheating granular materials. POLYSIUS G.m.b.H. March 10, 1965 [July 6, 1964], No. 10092/65. Heading F4B. Apparatus for preheating, burning and cooling cement, raw meal, lime, dolomite, magnesite, aluminium hydroxide &c. comprises a series of counterflow, cylindrical treatment chambers 3, 4, 5 and 6 each having a tangential gas inlet 8b and axial outlets 9b, material inlets 10b entering the chamber end walls eccentrically, and peripheral material outlets 12b, said material inlets and outlets being so arranged that pressures therein are substantially equal, or the inlet pressure is higher than that in the outlet. The material inlets 10b are offset from the chamber axis by 0À1-0À7, preferably 0À4, times the radius of the chamber and are inclined at an acute angle to the end walls. Chamber 5 is provided with burners 18 in its end walls supplied with primary air by a blower 19 and with preheated secondary air from a cooling chamber 6 through ...

PLASMA HEATER ASSEMBLY

... 1493394 Plasma heating apparatus NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORP 23 May 1975 [7 June 1974] 25415/74 Heading H5H A plasma heater assembly has at least one cathode nozzle 16 and a plurality of anode nozzles 10, each nozzle comprising a central electrode and sleeve for guiding a stream of plasma forming gas towards a region of confluence, a D.C. source in use providing a current between cathode nozzle(s) and anode nozzles through the plasma, and a pilot arc being maintained in each anode nozzle between electrode and sleeve during use. Anode nozzle plasmas are ignited first. Electrode 12 of the cathode is then lowered to the confluence region, the main arc is struck and the electrode withdrawn within its gas shield to its working position. Alternatively the cathode nozzle may be a plasma torch (or three plasma torches Fig. 2, not shown) operating in a transferred arc mode. The three cathode torches provide a single plasma column to which the anode nozzles are at right angles. Shield gas ...

Method of manufacturing superficially hydrophilized filling bodies for interphase mass and/or heat exchange units

The method comprises the steps of bringing polypropylene filling bodies in a vessel into contact with a gas containing from 0.5 to 10 volume per cent of sulphur trioxide and less than 5 volume per cent of free oxygen, at a filling body temperature between 10 and 50 DEG C, the gas temperature being not more than 10 DEG C higher and not more than 35 DEG C lower than the filling body temperature, and subsequently bringing the filling bodies into contact with a gaseous or liquid medium containing a substance reactable with sulphur trioxide.

DIRECT FLUORINATION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS BY USING DIOXIFLUORINE FLUID (MIXTURE OF CO_ AND F_)

DIRECT FLUORINATION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS BY USING DIOXIFLUORINE FLUID (MIXTURE OF CO2 AND F2) This invention concerns the discovery of a new fluid that promotes the fluorination of polymeric materials more safely, more completely, and more efficiently than the fluids used in the prior art. The new fluid is called "dioxifluorine", which is a mixture of carbon dioxide and fluorine where carbon dioxide is the carrier fluid and fluorine is the reactant.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MAKING CERAMIC POWDERS

Systems and methods for making ceramic powders configured with consistent, tailored characteristics and/or properties are provided herein. In some embodiments a system for making ceramic powders, includes: a reactor body having a reaction chamber and configured with a heat source to provide a hot zone along the reaction chamber; a sweep gas inlet configured to direct a sweep gas into the reaction chamber and a sweep gas outlet configured to direct an exhaust gas from the reaction chamber, a plurality of containers, within the reactor body, configured to retain at least one preform, wherein each container is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow therethrough, wherein the preform is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow there through, such that the precursor mixture is reacted in the hot zone to form a ceramic powder product having uniform properties.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUPERFICIALLY HYDROPHILIZED FILLING BODIES FOR INTERPHASE MASS AND/OR HEAT EXCHANGE UNITS

MEDICATION DISPOSAL SYSTEM

The potential for environmental release of unused and expired medications is reduced by the provision of a system and method for combining the unused or expired medication with an amount of activated carbon as part of a disposal procedure.

Process and Reactor for the Preparation of Hydrogen and Carbon Monoxide Rich Gas

REACTEUR POUR LA FIXATION D'UN GAZ SUR UN SOLIDE, UTILISABLE NOTAMMENT POUR LA CHLORATION DE LAMES RACLEUSES D'ESSUIE-GLACES

L'INVENTION CONCERNE UN REACTEUR POUR LA FIXATION EN PHASE VAPEUR D'UN GAZ DE TRAITEMENT TEL QUE LE CHLORE SUR UN SOLIDE A TRAITER QUI FIXE SPONTANEMENT LEDIT GAZ. LE REACTEUR COMPREND UNE ENCEINTE 3 MUNIE D'UN ORIFICE D'ENTREE 5 ET D'UN ORIFICE DE SORTIE PLONGEANT DANS UN JOINT LIQUIDE 4. L'ORIFICE D'ENTREE 6 DELIMITE, AUTOUR DES ELEMENTS 1 QUI LE TRAVERSENT, UN JEU ANNULAIRE TEL QU'AUCUN DEBIT DE FUITE DE GAZ DE TRAITEMENT NE S'ECHAPPE VERS L'EXTERIEUR. UTILISABLE POUR LA FABRICATION DES LAMES RACLEUSES D'ESSUIE-GLACES DE VEHICULES AUTOMOBILES.

PROCEEDED OF PREPARATION Of ACID TETRAFLUOROBORIQUE CONCENTRATES

Radiation shield

A radiation shield and an assembly and a reactor including the radiation shield are disclosed. The radiation shield can be used to control heat flux from a susceptor heater assembly and thereby enable better control of temperatures across a surface of a substrate placed on a surface of the susceptor heater assembly.

Preparation of CCl3 F and CCl2 F2 from fluorspar and CCl.sub .

Preparation of CCl3 F and CCl2 F2 by countercurrently contacting CaF2 and CCl4 under reaction conditions to provide high conversion both of CCl4 to fluorine-containing products and CaF2 to CaCl2.

Direct fluorination of polymeric materials by using dioxifluorine fluid (mixture of CO2 and F2)

This invention concerns the discovery of a new fluid that promotes the fluorination of polymeric materials more safely, more completely, and more efficiently than the fluids used in the prior art. The new fluid is called "dioxifluorine," which is a mixture of carbon dioxide and fluorine where carbon dioxide is the carrier fluid and fluorine is the reactant.

METHOD OF MAKING SILICON OR METAL COMPOUND ARTICLES OR POWDERS BY THE REACTION OF SOLID STATE SILICON OR METAL ARTICLES OR POWDERS WITH A GAS

Accelerated mixing of phases - leading to accelerated chemical reactions etc using gas liquid column

A method for accelerated mixing of phases, where one of the phases is liquid, esp., for accelerating chemical reactions, physical processes and/or thermal exchange, is carried out by producing a gas-liquid column. This is done by introducing the liquid phase in the form of a jet into a vertical chamber with an open bottom, containing gas. The cross-section and kinetic energy of the jet are such, in relation to the cross-section and length of the chamber, that the liquid leaving the lower end of the chamber expels part of the gas in the form of bubbles, thus producing sub-atmospheric pressure above the gas-liquid column. The reaction partners and/or mixing partners are introduced above the lower end of the chamber. The lower, open end may opt. by immersed in a liquid bath.

APPARATUS FOR GASEOUS TREATMENT OF SOLID MATERIALS

... 1308446 Chemical contact apparatus for gas/solid contact SIMON-CARVES Ltd 29 June 1970 [23 July 1969] 36930/69 Heading B1F [Also in Division F4] Solid material to be treated with gas is introduced at 13 and passes down through nested reactors 10, 11 and 12 where it contacts gas introduced from 23 via passages 15a, 15b and 16a, 16b, which gas passes upwards through the reactors and leaves through passages 14a, 14b. The rate of discharge of the material can be controlled. Valves 19 can be operated to control the direction of flow of gas through the passages. The apparatus can be used for reduction of iron ores; calcination of carbonates, hydrates; drying; pellet firing; cooling.

Method and apparatus for the controlled oxidiation of materials

GASEOUS REACTION APPARATUS AND PROCESS

GASEOUS REACTION APPARATUS AND PROCESS An exothermic reaction of a gas with a gas permeable material is performed in a retention vessel. Temperature control of the exothermic reaction is obtained by recirculating the gas from the top of the vessel downwardly through the gas permeable material and removing the downwardly flowing gas at a point above the bottom of the reactor and simultaneously recirculating gas which has been cooled into the bottom of the reactor, upwardly through the gas permeable material and removing the gas above the bottom of the reactor.

REACTOR FOR PRODUCING GAS BY MEANS OF MICRO-ORGANISMS

ESC COOLING BASE FOR LARGE DIAMETER SUBSRATES

Embodiments include a base for an electrostatic chuck (ESC) assembly for supporting a workpiece during a manufacturing operation in a processing chamber, such as a plasma etch, clean, deposition system, or the like. Inner and outer fluid conduits are disposed in the base to conduct a heat transfer fluid. In embodiments, a counter-flow conduit configuration provides improved temperature uniformity. The conduit segments in each zone are interlaced so that fluid flows are in opposite directions in radially adjacent segments. In embodiments, each separate fluid conduit formed in the base comprises a channel formed in the base with a cap e-beam welded to a recessed lip of the channel to make a sealed conduit. To further improve the thermal uniformity, a compact, tri-fold channel segment is employed in each of the outer fluid loops. In further embodiments, the base includes a multi-contact fitting RF and DC connection, and thermal breaks. 1. A base for a chuck assembly upon which a workpiece is to be disposed during a plasma processing operation , the base comprising:a first fluid channel recessed into a first portion of the base;a second fluid channel recessed into a second portion of the base; anda first and second cap separately sealing the first and second fluid channels to form first and second fluid conduits having separate inlets and outlets.2. The base of claim 1 , wherein each cap comprises a closed polygon of sheet material having a perimeter following the path of the corresponding fluid channel.3. The base of claim 2 , wherein a top surface of the caps are recessed from a top surface of the base.4. The base of claim 1 , further comprising a weld joining the caps to the base.5. The base of claim 1 , wherein the first portion of the base is an inner portion extending outward from a center of the base to a first radial distance claim 1 , wherein the second portion of the base is an outer portion extending outward from a second radial distance to an outer edge of ...

Monolithic Reactor

A monolith catalyst carrier for insertion in a tube of a tubular reactor has a container for holding a monolith catalyst in use. The container has a bottom surface closing the container and a skirt extending upwardly from the bottom surface of the container to a position below the location of a seal and spaced therefrom. The skirt is positioned such that there is a space between an outer surface of the monolith catalyst and the skirt. A seal is located at or near a top surface of the monolith catalyst and extends from the monolith catalyst by a distance which extends beyond an outer surface of the skirt. 1. A monolith catalyst carrier for insertion in a tube of a tubular reactor comprising:a container for holding a monolith catalyst in use, said container having a bottom surface closing the container and a skirt extending upwardly from the bottom surface of said container to a position below the location of a seal and spaced therefrom, said skirt being positioned such that there is a space between an outer surface of the monolith catalyst and the skirt; anda seal located at or near a top surface of the monolith catalyst and extending from the monolith catalyst by a distance which extends beyond an outer surface of the skirt.2. A monolith catalyst carrier according to wherein the monolith catalyst is a solid.3. A monolith catalyst carrier according to additionally including feet on the upper face of the bottom surface.4. A monolith catalyst carrier according to wherein the monolith catalyst has a channel extending longitudinally therethrough.5. A monolith catalyst carrier according to wherein the monolith catalyst is of circular cross-section.6. A monolith catalyst carrier according to wherein the catalyst earner includes a top surface which claim 4 , in use claim 4 , will extend over the monolith catalyst but leave the channel uncovered.7. A monolith catalyst carrier according to wherein the bottom surface includes one or more drain holes.8. A monolith catalyst ...

Hydrocarbon Reforming Device Using Micro Channel Heater

Disclosed is a hydrocarbon reforming device using a micro channel heater capable of utilizing combustion heat of a fuel as an energy source for reforming reaction of hydrocarbon, which includes metal sheets having micro channels laminated in plural, thus being suitably used as a middle and small compact type device for hydrogen production. Specifically, in the case where a hydrogen purification process is applied to a hydrogen production device combined with a separation membrane, since the hydrogen-containing gas, which does not penetrate the separation membrane, can be utilized as a fuel, the inventive device may be utilized as a hydrogen production system having high efficiency. 1. A hydrocarbon reforming device using a micro channel heater , comprising:a top plate including an air feeder connected to an air supplier to supply air, a fuel feeder which is connected to a fuel supplier to supply the fuel and has an ignition catalyst provided therein, and a reformed gas exhaust line wherein the reformed gas is generated by reforming reaction;a bottom plate including a source feeder connected to a source (gas) supplier to supply the source gas and an exhaust gas outlet line wherein the exhaust gas is generated from the reaction;an air preheating part which is provided under the top plate and includes a heating plate and a reforming plate alternately laminated therein, wherein the supplied air from the air feeder is preheated using heat residue of the reformed gas and mixed with the fuel, in turn conducting combustion;an upper channel isolation plate which is provided under the air preheating part and through which the combusted exhaust gas and reformed gas only are passed;a reforming reaction part having: a heating plate which is provided under the upper channel isolation plate to transfer heat of combustion (‘combustion heat’) of the exhaust gas;and a reforming plate which is provided under the heating plate and arranged between the upper reformed gas channeling ...

SOLID/HEAT-TRANSFER GAS REACTOR COMPRISING GAS DIFFUSERS WITH REDUCED RISKS OF BLOCKING

A module for a solid/heat-transfer gas reactor, including a plurality of diffusers each including a top portion supporting the solid reagent, and a portion for diffusing reactive/heat-transfer gas, situated under the top portion. 19-. (canceled)10. A solid/heat-transfer gas reactor comprising:a plurality of modules stacked in a vertical direction, comprising reactive solids configured to have the heat-transfer gas pass through them;wherein each module comprises a plurality of diffusers each including a top portion supporting one of the solid reagents, and a portion for diffusing reactive/heat-transfer gas, situated under the top support portion, and comprising a lateral gas-distribution channel, and a lateral gas-collection channel,each module further comprising a double wall between which the gas is configured to circulate before entering through the diffusers, the diffusers projecting upwards from a top wall of the double wall, and wherein any two directly consecutive modules in the stack define a housing cavity receiving one of the solid reagents carried at least partially by the diffusers arranged in the cavity,the lateral gas-distribution channels of the stacked modules forming together a vertical distributor supplying gas to each of spaces defined between two walls of the double walls, andwherein the lateral gas-collection channels of the stacked modules form together a vertical collector collecting the gas coming from each of the housing cavities.11. A reactor according to claim 10 , wherein claim 10 , in vertical projection onto a horizontal plane claim 10 , the top portion supporting the solid entirely covers the gas-diffusion portion.12. A reactor according to claim 10 , wherein each diffuser takes a form of a cylindrical stud of which at least part of the lateral surface constitutes the gas-diffusion portion.13. A reactor according to claim 10 , wherein claim 10 , on each module claim 10 , the diffusers are provided with a density of 75 to 150 diffusers/m ...

Process for continuous recovering (meth) acrylic acid and apparatus for the process

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid, and more specifically to a method of continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid, including: conducting gas phase oxidation of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of propane, propylene, butane, i-butylene, t-butylene, and (meth)acrolein in the presence of a catalyst to obtain a mixed gas containing (meth)acrylic acid; quenching the (meth)acrylic acid-containing mixed gas to remove high boiling point by-products in the (meth)acrylic acid-containing mixed gas; contacting the high boiling point by-product-free (meth)acrylic acid-containing mixed gas with water or an aqueous solution to obtain an aqueous solution containing (meth)acrylic acid; and purifying the aqueous solution containing (meth)acrylic acid to obtain (meth)acrylic acid. The continuous recovery method of (meth)acrylic acid according to the present invention may significantly reduce energy consumption and continuously recover high purity (meth)acrylic acid with excellent production efficiency compared to the previous recovery methods.

METHOD OF FABRICATING CONCENTRIC-TUBE CATALYTIC REACTOR ASSEMBLY

A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube is provided. The method may include inserting a catalyst into the outer tube and inserting the inner tube through the catalyst. The method may further include radially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst. 1. A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube , the method comprising:inserting a catalyst into the outer tube;inserting the inner tube through the catalyst; andradially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , further including sealing a first end of the inner tube.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein sealing the first end of the inner tube includes at least one of installing a compressing fitting and welding.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the inner tube is radially expanded by directing a pressurized fluid into a second end of the inner tube.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the pressurized fluid is a hydraulic fluid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner tube is radially expanded by forcing an expansion object through the inner tube.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is one of an annular catalyst claim 1 , a cylindrical catalyst claim 1 , and a toroidal catalyst.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst comprises one or more of particulates claim 7 , pellets claim 7 , and a coating disposed on a support structure.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outer tube claim 1 , the catalyst claim 1 , and the inner tube are concentric.10. The method of claim 1 , further including sealing a first end of the outer tube.11. A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube claim 1 , the method comprising:inserting a catalyst into the outer tube;inserting the inner tube through the catalyst, wherein the inner tube is concentric with the catalyst and the outer tube;connecting at least a first end of the inner tube to a source ...

METHOD FOR SYNTHESIS OF COPPER/COPPER OXIDE NANOCRYSTALS

A simple approach to produce mixed Cu/CuO nanocrystals having a specific morphology by controlling the reaction temperature during Cu/CuO nanocrystals synthesis. Other variables are kept constant, such as the amount of reactants, while the reaction temperatures is maintained at a predetermined temperature of 70° C., 30° C. or 0° C., which are used to produce different and controlled morphologies for the Cu/CuO nanocrystals. The reaction mixture includes a copper ion contributor, a capping agent, a pH adjustor, and reducing agent. The reaction mixture is held at the predetermined temperature for three hours to produce the Cu/CuO nanocrystals. The synthesis method has advantages such as mass production, easy operation, and high reproducibility. 1. A method of producing CuO/Cu nanocrystals , comprising:providing 70-90 ml of a solvent,dissolving copper (II) chloride dihydrate in the solvent to provide a molar concentration of 9-11 mM of copper (II) chloride dihydrate in the solvent, dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone with an average molecular weight of 35,000-45,000 g/mol in the solvent to provide a molar concentration of 0.02-0.06 mM of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the solvent, adding 9-11 mL of 0.1-0.3 M sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to the solvent, and adding 9-11 mL of 0.4-0.8 M L-ascorbic acid solution to the solvent to thereby form a reaction mixture, and{'sub': '2', 'stirring the reaction mixture at a predetermined temperature for two to four hours to thereby precipitate CuO/Cu nanocrystals,'}wherein the predetermined temperature is from 65° C. to 75° C., from 25° C. to 35° C., or from −5° C. to 5° C.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the predetermined temperature is from 65° C. to 75° C.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the predetermined temperature is from 69° C. to 71° C.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the CuO/Cu nanocrystals have an average size of from 770 nm to 870 nm.5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the CuO/Cu ...

Hydrogen ion transport membrane, membrane for generating hydrogen, and method for manufacturing same

The present application relates to a hydrogen ion transport membrane, which is formed by using a porous thin film having a plurality of holes which are regularly aligned, a membrane for generating hydrogen, and a method for manufacturing the hydrogen ion transport membrane and the membrane for generating hydrogen.

HYDROGEN REFORMER USING EXHAUST GAS

Provided is a hydrogen reformer using exhaust gas, comprising: a catalytic reaction unit which generates a reforming gas containing hydrogen when exhaust gas generated in an engine and fuel are supplied thereto; and a heat exchange chamber which is mounted on an outer surface of the catalytic reaction unit and exchanges heat between the exhaust gas and the catalytic reaction unit to supply heat that is required for an endothermic reaction of the catalytic reaction unit, wherein heat of the exhaust gas is used for the endothermic reaction of a catalyst, such that a separate heat source for the endothermic reaction is unnecessary. 1. A hydrogen reformer using exhaust gas , the hydrogen reformer comprising:a catalytic reaction unit for producing a reformed gas containing hydrogen when exhaust gas generated from an engine and fuel are supplied to the catalytic reaction unit; anda heat exchange chamber mounted on an outer surface of the catalytic reaction unit to provide heat necessary for an endothermic reaction of the catalytic reaction unit by using heat of the exhaust gas.2. The hydrogen reformer using exhaust gas of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst reaction unit comprises:a housing having an inlet and an outlet in which the exhaust gas and the fuel are supplied into the housing through the inlet and a reformed gas containing hydrogen produced after the catalytic reaction is discharged through the outlet out of the housing; anda metal catalyst carrier mounted in the housing to react with the exhaust gas and the fuel thereby producing the reformed gas.3. The hydrogen reformer using exhaust gas of claim 2 , wherein the inlet is connected claim 2 , via a first line claim 2 , to an exhaust pipe through which the exhaust gas generated in the engine are exhausted and is connected claim 2 , via a second line claim 2 , to a fuel supply line for supplying the fuel to the engine claim 2 , andthe outlet is connected, via a third line, to the fuel supply line for supplying the ...

BURNERS FOR CONVERSION OF METHANE TO OLEFINS, AROMATICS, AND NANOPARTICLES

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe burner () configurations used in an industrial process to convert methane to olefins, aromatics, and nanoparticles/nanomaterials. Both a vitiated coflow burner and piloted turbulent burner with inhomogeneous inlets are disclosed. 1. A method of controlling secondary reactions of a burner of combustion products using injected methane , the method comprising:establishing a jet flame in coaxial flow of hot combustion products from a premixed vitiated coflow of gas passing through a porous plate or catalytic monolith, said jet flame established by gas exiting from a central tube;providing a tube positioner to translate the tip of the central tube to an offset height relative to the porous plate or catalytic monolith; andcontrolling the tube positioner to vary the offset height of the central tube tip in a dynamic manner based on chemical inputs, with said controlling resulting in different secondary reactions of combustion products from the burner.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the central tube is a blunt-tipped tube and the gas exiting the central tube is methane.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the coflow gas is a combination of methane and oxygen.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein offset height of the central tube tip is controlled to provide both a methane/oxygen combustion process and subsequent pyrolysis of methane to form olefins claim 1 , aromatics or nanoparticles.5. A method of controlling secondary reactions of a burner of combustion products using injected methane claim 1 , the method comprising:establishing a jet flame in coaxial flow of hot combustion products from gas passing through a porous plate or catalytic monolith, with said jet flame established by a piloted turbulent burner with inhomogeneous inlets and defining three concentric tubes;providing a tube positioner to translate an innermost one of the three concentric tubs to different positions relative to an intermediate tube; andcontrolling the ...

Method for growing carbon nanotubes

A method for growing carbon nanotubes is provided. A reactor including a reactor chamber and a substrate located in the reactor chamber is provide. The substrate is a hollow structure including a sidewall and a bottom. The hollow structure also defines an opening. The sidewall includes a carbon nanotube layer and catalyst particles dispersed in the carbon nanotube layer. A mixture of carbon source gas and carrier gas is introduced into the reactor chamber so that the mixture of carbon source gas and carrier gas flows into the hollow structure from the opening and out of the hollow structure through the sidewall. The hollow structure is heated.

METHODS AND REACTORS FOR PRODUCING SOLID CARBON NANOTUBES, SOLID CARBON CLUSTERS, AND FORESTS

Methods of producing fibrous solid carbon forests include reacting carbon oxides with gaseous reducing agents in the presence of a catalyst having a predetermined grain size to cause growth of fibrous solid carbon forests upon a surface of the metal. The fibrous solid carbon forests are substantially perpendicular to the surface of the metal thus creating the “forests”. A bi-modal forest composition of matter is described in which a primary distribution of fibrous solid carbon comprises the forest and a secondary distribution of fibrous solid carbon is entangled with the primary distribution. A reactor includes a catalyst, a means for facilitating the reduction of a carbon oxide to form solid carbon forests on a surface of the catalyst, and a means for removing the solid carbon forest from the surface of the metal catalyst. 13-. (canceled)4. The method of claim 19 , wherein exposing the catalyst surface to the reaction gas mixture for a predetermined exposure time to produce the solid carbon forests on the catalyst surface comprises reacting carbon dioxide with gases of the reducing atmosphere.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 19 , further comprising treating the catalyst surface by at least one of ion bombardment claim 19 , etching claim 19 , oxidizing claim 19 , reducing claim 19 , annealing claim 19 , quenching claim 19 , and recrystallizing.79-. (canceled)10. The method of claim 19 , further comprising chemically modifying the catalyst surface by contacting the solid carbon forests with a solvent comprising at least one of water claim 19 , an alcohol claim 19 , or an acid.1112-. (canceled)13. A reactor for producing solid carbon forests claim 19 , comprising:a metal catalyst;means for facilitating the reduction of a carbon oxide comprising a plurality of reactor sections configured to operate independently to form solid carbon forests on a surface of the metal catalyst; andmeans for removing the solid carbon forests from the surface of the metal catalyst.14. ...

Catalytic Alkane Conversion and Olefin Separation

Disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process that is less energy intensive than comparable processes. The hydrocarbon conversion process is particularly desirable for converting alkanes, such as methane into C 2+ olefins, such as ethylene and propylene, particularly with increasing selectivity to ethylene production. It is also desirable for effectively removing a C 2 composition (i.e., ethane, ethylene and/or acetylene) produced from the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon comprised of C 2+ olefins. In addition, the hydrocarbon process is desirable for providing a substantially non-cryogenic separation of the desired C 2 compositions from the hydrocarbons (e.g., methane) present in the reaction mixture.

Oxygen Storage and Catalytic Alkane Conversion

The inventing relates to hydrocarbon conversion, and more particularly to catalytically converting alkane in the presence of oxygen released from an oxygen storage material. Conversion products include Chydrocarbon, such as C olefin. The hydrocarbon conversion process can be an oxidative coupling reaction, which refers to the catalytic conversion of methane in the presence of oxidant to produce the olefin product. Flow-through reactors can be used to carry out oxygen storage and the oxidative coupling reaction. Reverse-flow reactors are examples of flow-through reactors, which can be used to carry out oxygen storage and the oxidative coupling reaction. 1. A process for producing a C composition , comprising:(a) providing a flow-through reactor comprising a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst and an oxygen storage material; i. passing oxidant through the flow-through reactor to transfer oxygen from the oxidant to the oxygen storage material,', 'ii. storing at least a portion of the transferred oxygen with the oxygen storage material, and', 'iii. lessening or discontinuing the passing of the oxidant through the flow-through reactor; and, '(b) during a first time interval,'} i. passing a hydrocarbon reactant through the flow-through reactor,', {'sub': '2+', 'ii. releasing at least a portion of the stored oxygen and reacting at least a portion of the released oxygen with at least a portion of the hydrocarbon reactant in the presence of the hydrocarbon conversion catalyst to produce a reaction mixture comprising a C composition; and'}], '(c) during a second time interval,'}(d) conducting at least a portion of the reaction mixture away from the flow-through reactor.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein (i) the flow-through reactor comprises thermal mass claim 1 , (ii) the oxygen storage of step b(ii) includes at least one exothermal reaction and (ii) the process further comprises transferring heat from the exothermal reaction during step (b)ii to the thermal mass.3. The process ...

NON-ADIABATIC CATALYTIC REACTOR

A non-adiabatic catalytic reactor for reacting a fluid includes a tube comprising an inlet, an outlet, a first wall, a diameter, a length, and a tube axis. The reactor also includes a plurality of structured packings disposed within the tube, and a plurality of mixing regions disposed within the tube. The structured packings and the mixed regions are arranged in an alternating pattern. Each structured packing includes one or more second walls defining channels for fluid flow through the structured packing, the channels being substantially parallel to the tube axis, the one or more second walls of the structured packing including a catalyst. At least one of the mixing regions permits mixing of first fluid proximate the first wall with second fluid farther from the first wall than the first fluid. 1. A non-adiabatic catalytic reactor for reacting a fluid , the reactor comprising:a tube comprising an inlet, an outlet, a first wall, a diameter, a length, and a tube axis;a plurality of structured packings disposed within the tube; anda plurality of mixing regions disposed within the tube; the structured packings and the mixed regions are arranged in an alternating pattern;', 'each structured packing includes one or more second walls defining channels for fluid flow through the structured packing, the channels being substantially parallel to the tube axis, the one or more second walls of the structured packing including a catalyst; and', 'at least one of the mixing regions permits mixing of first fluid proximate the first wall with second fluid farther from the first wall than the first fluid., 'wherein2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the structured packing has a length greater than 0.2 times a diameter of the tube and less than 20 times the diameter of the tube.3. The reactor of claim 2 , wherein the structured packing has a length greater than 0.5 times the diameter of the tube and less than 8 times the diameter of the tube.4. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Reactor for a cracking furnace

The invention relates to a reactor for cracking hydrocarbons wherein the reactor has inner wall; characterized in that the inner wall comprises a plurality of concave dimples embedded in a surface of said inner wall.

B2F4 MANUFACTURING PROCESS

A reaction system and method for preparing compounds or intermediates from solid reactant materials is provided. In a specific aspect, a reaction system and methods are provided for preparation of boron-containing precursor compounds useful as precursors for ion implantation of boron in substrates. In another specific aspect, a reactor system and methods are provided for manufacture of boron precursors such as BF. 131.-. (canceled)32. A method of forming BFcomprising:{'sub': 3', '3, 'reacting BFgas and boron-containing solids to form a first gaseous mixture comprising BF and unreacted BFgas;'}cooling the first gaseous mixture under temperature and pressure conditions effective to condense the first gaseous mixture to form a first condensed product;{'sub': 2', '4', '3, 'volatilizing the first condensed product to form a second gaseous mixture comprising BFand BF;'}{'sub': 2', '4', '3, 'cooling the second gaseous mixture under temperature and pressure conditions effective to condense the second gaseous mixture to form a second condensed product and a third gaseous mixture comprising BFand BF;'}filtering the third gaseous mixture to remove particulates; and{'sub': 2', '4, 'recovering BFfrom the third gaseous mixture.'}33. The method of claim 32 , further comprising claim 32 , when the second condensed product comprises unwanted BFspecies claim 32 , removing the BFspecies from the second condensed product by reacting the BFspecies with an active compound selected from XeF claim 32 , F claim 32 , NF claim 32 , Oor O claim 32 , to form a residue claim 32 , and mechanically removing the residue.34. The method of claim 32 , further comprising claim 32 , when the second condensed product comprises BFspecies claim 32 , removing the BFspecies from the second condensed product by reacting the BFspecies with an active compound selected from XeF claim 32 , F claim 32 , NF claim 32 , Oor O claim 32 , to form a residue claim 32 , and reacting the residue with a halogen-containing ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DEHYDROGENATIVE COUPLING

Dehydrogenative coupling can be achieved in nearly quantitative conversions and yields using a membrane reactor. 1. A method of producing a dehydrogenative coupling product , comprising:exposing a substrate to a catalyst in a reaction zone of a reactor;coupling the substrate to form the dehydrogenative coupling product and hydrogen; andseparating the hydrogen from the dehydrogenative coupling product using a selectively permeable membrane and passing the hydrogen to a gas release zone of the reactor.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selectively permeable membrane includes a metal membrane on a solid support.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the metal membrane includes palladium.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the solid support includes a silicon oxide claim 2 , aluminum oxide claim 2 , titanium oxide claim 2 , zirconium oxide claim 2 , magnesium oxide claim 2 , cerium oxide claim 2 , zinc oxide claim 2 , molybdenum oxide claim 2 , iron oxide claim 2 , nickel oxide claim 2 , cobalt oxide claim 2 , graphite claim 2 , or stainless steel.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a C1-C16 primary alcohol claim 1 , a C1-C8 primary alcohol claim 1 , or a C1-C5 primary alcohol claim 1 , or a mixture of two or more of said alcohols.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dehydrogenative coupling product is an ester.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dehydrogenative coupling product is an alkyl ester of an alcohol.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dehydrogenative coupling product is methyl formate claim 1 , ethyl acetate claim 1 , propyl propanoate claim 1 , butyl butanoate claim 1 , or pentyl pentanoate.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a transition metal complex of ruthenium claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , iron claim 1 , copper claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , palladium claim 1 , or platinum.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is a dearomatized PNN-Ru(II) catalyst.14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate and the ...

SHELL AND TUBE OXIDATION REACTOR WITH IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO FOULING

The present disclosure relates to a single shell open interstage reactor (“SSOI”). The SSOI comprises a first reaction stage, an interstage heat exchanger, an open interstage region, and a second reaction stage. The SSOI may be configured for upflow or downflow operation. Further, the open interstage region of the SSOI may comprise a supplemental oxidant feed. When the open interstage region comprises a supplemental oxidant feed, the SSOI may further comprise a supplemental oxidant mixing assembly. Processes for producing acrylic acid through the oxidation of propylene are also disclosed. 1. An upflow single shell open interstage reactor comprising:a) a first shell-and-tube reaction stage comprising a plurality of reaction tubes, wherein the reaction tubes of the first reaction stage comprise a first catalyst;b) an interstage heat exchanger;c) an open interstage region; andd) a second shell-and-tube reaction stage comprising a plurality of reaction tubes, wherein the reaction tubes of the second reaction stage comprise a second catalyst;wherein said interstage heat exchanger is positioned between said first reaction stage and said open interstage region, andwherein said reactor is configured for upflow operation.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein said interstage heat exchanger is a shell-and-tube heat exchanger and comprises a plurality of interstage heat exchanger tubes.3. The reactor of claim 2 , wherein said interstage heat exchanger tubes are coaxially continuous with the reaction tubes of the first reaction stage.4. The reactor of claim 2 , wherein said interstage heat exchanger tubes comprise a catalyst retaining device.5. The reactor of claim 4 , wherein said catalyst retaining device is capable of inducing turbulence within the said interstage heat exchanger tubes.6. The reactor of claim 2 , wherein said interstage heat exchanger tubes comprise high void fraction claim 2 , turbulence-inducing inserts.7. The reactor of claim 6 , wherein said inserts have a ...

COATING A MONOLITH SUBSTRATE WITH CATALYST COMPONENT

A method of coating a honeycomb monolith substrate comprising a plurality of channels with a liquid comprising a catalyst component comprises the steps of: (i) holding a honeycomb monolith substrate substantially vertically; (ii) introducing a pre-determined volume of the liquid into the substrate via open ends of the channels at a lower end of the substrate; (iii) sealingly retaining the introduced liquid within the substrate; (iv) inverting the substrate containing the retained liquid; and (v) applying a vacuum to open ends of the channels of the substrate at the inverted, lower end of the substrate to draw the liquid along the channels of the substrate. 127-. (canceled)28. An apparatus for coating a honeycomb monolith substrate comprising a plurality of channels with a liquid comprising a catalyst component , which apparatus comprising:(a) means for holding a honeycomb monolith substrate substantially vertically;(b) means for introducing a pre-determined volume of the liquid into the substrate via open ends of the channels at a lower end of the substrate;(c) means for sealingly retaining the introduced liquid within the substrate;(d) means for inverting the substrate containing the retained liquid; and(e) means for applying a vacuum to open ends of the channels of the substrate at the inverted, lower end of the substrate to draw the liquid along the channels of the substrate.29. The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein the holding means comprises a housing for receiving at least the lower end of the substrate.30. The apparatus of claim 29 , wherein the holding means comprises an inflatable collar disposed on an internal surface of the housing for engaging with an outer surface of the substrate.31. The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein the liquid introducing means comprises a piston that reciprocates within a cylinder.32. The apparatus of claim 31 , wherein the piston reciprocates between a first position wherein a piston head abuts a cylinder head and a second position ...

Reactor and method for growing carbon nanotube using the same

A reactor includes a reactor chamber and a carbon nanotube catalyst composite layer. The reactor chamber has an inlet and an outlet. The carbon nanotube catalyst composite layer rotates in the reactor chamber, wherein the carbon nanotube catalyst composite layer defines a number of apertures, gases in the reactor chamber flow penetrate the carbon nanotube catalyst composite layer through the plurality of apertures.

MEMBRANE REACTION APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING HEAT OF REACTION

The present invention provides a membrane reaction apparatus for recovering heat of reaction, which includes a membrane reactor. The said membrane reactor includes a reaction pipeline, a membrane and a sweep pipeline. The reaction pipeline has a reaction space, and an exothermic reaction occurs therein, which generates product gas and heat of reaction. Part of the product gas penetrates through the membrane around the reaction space and enters into the sweep pipeline. Sweeping gas enters into the sweep pipeline and carries the product gas and the heat of reaction away. It is feasible to wrap the product gas around the sweep pipeline, for enhancing the heat transfer from the product gas to the sweeping gas. The heat of reaction brought by the sweeping gas can be further released in a heat exchanger. so that the heat of reaction is available to be recovered and used for other endothermic processes. 1. A membrane reaction apparatus for recovering heat of reaction comprising:a membrane reactor comprising:a reaction pipeline, which comprises a reaction space for exothermic reaction therein;a membrane installed in outer side of the reaction space and the both sides of the membrane connected with the reaction pipeline, wherein product gas and heat of reaction generated from the exothermic reaction pass through or are accumulated by the membrane; anda sweep pipeline, wherein the one side of the sweep pipeline is installed in outer side of the membrane, and sweeping gas enters into the sweep pipeline and contacts with the membrane, then carries away the product gas and the heat of reaction.2. The membrane reaction apparatus for recovering heat of reaction as claimed in . wherein the reaction space further comprises a catalytic layer with multiple pores therein for catalyzing the exothermic reaction claim 1 , and the product gas is generated by catalysis of the catalytic layer and passes through the pores and penetrates the membrane.3. The membrane reaction apparatus for ...

MEMBRANE REACTOR WITH DIVERGENT-FLOW CHANNEL

A membrane reactor with divergent-flow channel includes a reaction pipeline, a membrane and a purge (sweep) pipeline sequentially arranged from inside to outside or from outside to inside. The reaction pipeline has a cross-sectional area increment from the front (upstream) end to the rear (downstream) end, so that the flow velocity of a reactant gas is decreased from the upstream end to the downstream end to extend the residence time of the reactant gas and improve the reaction rate of the reactant gas. The sweep pipeline has a cross-sectional area decrement from the upstream end to the downstream end, so that the flow velocity of a purging (sweeping) gas is increased from the upstream end to the downstream end to accelerate the reactant gas, and a product gas generated from the reaction passes through the membrane and enters the sweep pipeline to improve the reaction efficiency. 1. A membrane reactor with divergent-flow channel , comprising:a reaction pipeline, having a cross-sectional area increment from the upstream end to the downstream end of the reaction pipeline, and a reaction gas being reacted in the reaction pipeline to generate a product gas;a membrane, disposed on an external side of the reaction pipeline; anda sweep pipeline, installed on an external side of the membrane, and at least a part of the product gas passing from the reaction pipeline into the sweep pipeline through the membrane, and a sweeping gas flowing from the upstream end to the downstream end of the sweep pipeline to carry away the product gas.2. The membrane reactor with divergent-flow channel of claim 1 , wherein the reaction pipeline further includes a catalyst layer filled in the reaction pipeline and provided for catalyzing a reaction claim 1 , and a plurality of pores for flowing the reaction gas or the product gas through the pores.3. The membrane reactor with divergent-flow channel of claim 1 , wherein the sweep pipeline has a cross-sectional area decrement from the upstream end ...

NESTED-FLOW HEAT EXCHANGERS AND CHEMICAL REACTORS

Disclosed is a technology based upon the nesting of tubes to provide chemical reactors or chemical reactors with built in heat exchanger. As a chemical reactor, the technology provides the ability to manage the temperature within a process flow for improved performance, control the location of reactions for corrosion control, or implement multiple process steps within the same piece of equipment. As a chemical reactor with built in heat exchanger, the technology can provide large surface areas per unit volume and large heat transfer coefficients. The technology can recover the thermal energy from the product flow to heat the reactant flow to the reactant temperature, significantly reducing the energy needs for accomplishment of a process. 13.-. (canceled)4. A process for making ammonia , the process comprising:flowing a reactant comprising hydrogen and nitrogen in a first flow path in a first direction;reacting the hydrogen and the nitrogen through the first flow path to produce a product comprising ammonia;flowing the product through a second flow path in a second direction, the second direction being opposite the first direction, wherein:the first flow path is in fluid communication with the second flow path,the first flow path and the second flow path are coaxial about a longitudinal axis.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein:reacting the hydrogen and the nitrogen comprises using a catalyst, andthe catalyst is disposed to define a portion of the second flow path.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein the first flow path and the second flow path are in a bayonet configuration.7. The process of claim 4 , wherein:the reactant comprises one molar part nitrogen and three molar parts hydrogen.8. The process of claim 4 , wherein:the product comprises unreacted nitrogen and unreacted hydrogen.9. The process of claim 4 , wherein:a first tube defines a portion of the first flow path, anda second tube and the first tube define a portion of the second flow path.10. The process of ...

REFORMING DEVICE AND REFORMING METHOD FOR POROUS MATERIAL

A reforming device (1) is provided with, on one end side of a chamber (2), a gas supply part (3) and, on the other end side of the chamber (2), a gas discharge part (4). A support part (5) for supporting a porous material (10) is provided between the gas supply part (3) and the gas discharge part (4) inside the chamber (4). Then, the unsaturated hydrocarbon gas of an unsaturated hydrocarbon supply device (31) and the ozone gas of an ozone generation device (32) are supplied into the chamber (2) via the gas supply part (3) so as to reform the outer-peripheral-side surface and the inner side surface of the porous material (10) accommodated inside the chamber (2). The gas inside the chamber (2) is sucked by the gas discharge part (4) and discharged to the outside of the chamber (2). 17.-. (canceled)8. A reforming method for a porous material for reforming an outer-peripheral-side surface and an inner side surface in the porous material , the method comprising:supporting, inside a chamber, the porous material so as to be interposed between one end side and an other end side of the chamber;supplying an ozone gas and an unsaturated hydrocarbon gas into the chamber from a gas supply part provided on the one end side of the chamber; andsucking a gas inside the chamber by a gas discharge part provided on the other end side of the chamber so as to discharge the gas to an outside of the chamber,wherein the ozone gas and the unsaturated hydrocarbon gas are alternately supplied into the chamber.9. The reforming method for the porous material according to claim 8 , wherein the porous material is supported by a support part claim 8 ,wherein the support part has a shape extending in a direction crossing a direction between the gas supply part and the gas discharge part, is provided with a plurality of through holes penetrating therethrough in the direction between the gas supply part and the gas discharge part, and is formed with, on a gas supply part side thereof, a supporting ...

CATALYTIC REACTORS COMPRISING DISTRIBUTED TEMPERATURE SENSORS

A catalytic reactor is provided comprising a plurality of first flow channels including a catalyst for a first reaction; a plurality of second flow channels arranged alternately with the first flow channels; adjacent first and second flow channels being separated by a divider plate (, ), and a distributed temperature sensor such as an optical fibre cable (). The distributed temperature sensor may be located within the divider plate, or within one or 10 more of the flow channels. 1. A catalytic reactor comprisinga plurality of first flow channels including a catalyst for a first reactiona plurality of second flow channels arranged alternately with the first flow channels;adjacent first and second flow channels being separated by a divider plate; anda distributed temperature sensor provided within the divider plate and/or within one or more first flow channels and/or one or more second flow channels.2. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the distributed temperature sensor is a fibre optic cable.3. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 , wherein the fibre optic cable follows a tortuous path through the divider plates in order to provide temperature data for all of the adjacent first and second flow channels.4. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 , wherein a fibre optic cable is provided in each divider plate.5. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 , wherein the fibre optic cable is provided within one or more first flow channels.6. The catalytic reactor according to claim 2 , wherein the fibre optic cable is provided within one or more second flow channels.7. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the first flow channels include a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst and the second channels carry a heat transfer fluid claim 1 , in use.8. The catalytic reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the first flow channels include a steam methane reforming catalyst and the second channels further include a combustion catalyst.9. A plant for ...

METHOD OF FABRICATING CONCENTRIC-TUBE CATALYTIC REACTOR ASSEMBLY

A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube is provided. The method may include inserting a catalyst into the outer tube and inserting the inner tube through the catalyst. The method may further include radially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst. 1. A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube , the method comprising:inserting a catalyst into the outer tube;inserting the inner tube through the catalyst; andradially expanding the inner tube against the catalyst.2. The method of claim 1 , further including sealing a first end of the inner tube.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein sealing the first end of the inner tube includes at least one of installing a compressing fitting and welding.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the inner tube is radially expanded by directing a pressurized fluid into a second end of the inner tube.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the pressurized fluid is a hydraulic fluid.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inner tube is radially expanded by forcing an expansion object through the inner tube.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is one of an annular catalyst claim 1 , a cylindrical catalyst claim 1 , and a toroidal catalyst.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst comprises one or more of particulates claim 7 , pellets claim 7 , and a coating disposed on a support structure.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the outer tube claim 1 , the catalyst claim 1 , and the inner tube are concentric.10. The method of claim 1 , further including sealing a first end of the outer tube.11. A method of fabricating a catalytic reactor assembly having an outer tube and an inner tube claim 1 , the method comprising:inserting a catalyst into the outer tube;inserting the inner tube through the catalyst, wherein the inner tube is concentric with the catalyst and the outer tube;connecting at least a first end of the inner tube to a source ...

STEAM REFORMING HEATED BY RESISTANCE HEATING

A reactor system for carrying out steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons, including: a structured catalyst arranged for catalyzing steam reforming of a feed gas including hydrocarbons, the structured catalyst including a macroscopic structure of electrically conductive material, the macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, wherein the ceramic coating supports a catalytically active material; a pressure shell housing the structured catalyst; heat insulation layer between the structured catalyst and the pressure shell; at least two conductors electrically connected to the macroscopic structure and to an electrical power supply placed outside the pressure shell, wherein the electrical power supply is dimensioned to heat at least part of the structured catalyst to a temperature of at least 500° C. by passing an electrical current through the macroscopic structure. Also, a process for steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons. 1. A reactor system for carrying out steam reforming of a feed gas comprising hydrocarbons , said reactor system comprising:a structured catalyst arranged for catalyzing steam reforming of said feed gas comprising hydrocarbons, said structured catalyst comprising a macroscopic structure of electrically conductive material, said macroscopic structure supporting a ceramic coating, wherein said ceramic coating supports a catalytically active material;a pressure shell housing said structured catalyst, said pressure shell comprising an inlet for letting in said feed gas and an outlet for letting out product gas, wherein said inlet is positioned so that said feed gas enters said structured catalyst in a first end of said structured catalyst and said product gas exits said structured catalyst from a second end of said structured catalyst;a heat insulation layer between said structured catalyst and said pressure shell; andat least two conductors electrically connected to said structured catalyst and to an electrical ...

Fuel tank inerting prefilter assemblies, devices, and methods of use

Fuel tank inerting prefilter assemblies, fuel tank inerting prefilter devices, and methods for treating fluids, particularly process fluids used in fuel inerting tank systems, are disclosed.

Method and system for generating interference spectra for low detection limits using reactor

A gas analysis system and method with a spectrometer, such as a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, utilizing a reactor, such as a catalytic reactor, for providing reference spectra.

CARBON NANOTUBE ATTACHED MEMBER, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A carbon nanotube attached member has a substrate, which is mainly made of aluminum, and a aligned CNT film which is aligned along an alignment direction ORD. A carbon nanotube/CNT, which forms the aligned CNT film, has a length of 200 micrometers or longer. The CNT is synthesized starting from a mixed gas of acetylene, hydrogen, and argon. Furthermore, carbon dioxide is added to maintain catalyst activity. A ratio of acetylene:carbon dioxide is adjusted from 1:10 to 1:300. The aligned CNT film is partially formed. The formation range of the aligned CNT film is set by inhibiting synthesis and/or aligned growth of the CNT by a rough surface or a carbon-containing substance. 110.-. (canceled)11. A carbon nanotube attached member comprising:a substrate which is mainly made of aluminum; anda aligned CNT film which is arranged on a surface of the substrate, and includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes having a length of 200 micrometers or longer and being aligned along a predetermined alignment direction, whereinthe aligned CNT film is partially formed on the surface of the substrate, further comprising:an inhibitor element which inhibits synthesis of and/or aligned growth of the aligned CNT film, and is formed on an area in which the aligned CNT film is not formed, among the surface of the substrate.12. The carbon nanotube attached member claimed in claim 11 , whereinthe inhibitor element has a rough surface having higher or lower parts compared to a surface on which the aligned CNT film is formed.13. The carbon nanotube attached member claimed in claim 12 , whereinthe rough surface is formed of a groove.14. The carbon nanotube attached member claimed in claim 13 , whereinthe groove is defined by slant surfaces arranged in a U shape or a V shape.15. The carbon nanotube attached member claimed in claim 11 , wherein the inhibitor element has a carbon-containing material layer containing carbon.16. The carbon nanotube attached member claimed in claim 15 , further ...

MILLIMETER-SCALE EXCHANGER-REACTOR FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION OF LESS THAN 10 Nm3/h

Reactor-exchanger comprising at least 3 stages with, on each stage, at least one area promoting the heat exchanges and at least one distribution area upstream and/or downstream of the area promoting the heat exchanges, characterized in that the area promoting the heat exchanges comprises cylindrical millimetric channels, there being 1 to 1000 of said channels with a length of between 10 mm and 500 mm. 116.-. (canceled)17. A reactor-exchanger comprising at least 3 stages with , on each stage , at least one area promoting heat exchange and at least one distribution area upstream and/or downstream of the area promoting the heat exchanges , wherein the area promoting heat exchange comprises cylindrical millimetric channels , wherein there are between 1 and about 1000 of said channels , each channel comprising a length of between about 10 mm and about 500 mm.18. The reactor-exchanger according to claim 17 , wherein the at least one distribution area comprises cylindrical millimetric channels which correspond to a continuous extension of the channels of the area promoting heat exchange.19. The reactor-exchanger according claim 17 , wherein the cylindrical millimetric channels the same stage are separated by walls with a thickness of less than 2 mm.20. The reactor-exchanger according to claim 17 , wherein the cylindrical millimetric channels have a hydraulic diameter of between about 0.5 and about 3 mm.21. The reactor-exchanger according to claim 17 , wherein the cylindrical millimetric channels have a length of between about 50 and about 400 mm.22. The reactor-exchanger according to claim 17 , wherein said exchanger-reactor comprises:a “reaction” stage whose channels are configured to promote a reaction by allowing the circulation of a reagent gaseous flow,a “return” stage whose channels are configured to allow the circulation of a product gaseous flow,a “heat top up” stage whose channels are configured to allow the circulation of a heat-transfer fluid.23. The reactor- ...

SOLID-GAS REACTION SUBSTANCE-FILLED REACTOR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A solid-gas reaction substance-filled reactor includes a core part in which heat medium heat-transfer tubes and spacers are alternately stacked, a gas introduction/discharge part that communicates with opening ends of the spacers, and a heat medium introduction/discharge part that communicates with heat medium flow paths. Filled bodies including metallic foil bags and a solid-gas reaction substance filled in the bags are inserted into the spacers. At least the filled bodies and the heat medium heat-transfer tubes are brazed to each other. The solid-gas reaction substance-filled reactor is obtained by stacking the filled bodies with the solid-gas reaction substance filled into the metallic bags, the heat medium heat-transfer tubes, and the spacers in a predetermined order and then brazing them. 1. A solid-gas reaction substance-filled reactor comprising: a gas introduction/discharge part that is joined to the core part in such a manner as to communicate with the opening ends of the first to n-th spacers; and', 'a heat medium introduction/discharge part that is joined to the core part in such a manner as to communicate with the heat medium flow paths,, '(1) a core part in which first to (n+1)-th heat medium heat-transfer tubes (n≥1) with heat medium flow paths for flowing a heat medium and frame-shaped first to n-th spacers with opening ends for introducing and discharging a gas are alternately stacked along a z-axis direction such that the heat medium flow paths and the opening ends are each oriented in almost the same direction, and first and second core division walls are each arranged at both ends as seen in the z-axis direction;'} the k-th filled body includes:', 'a bag that is formed from metallic foil and is opened on the opening end side of the k-th spacer; and', 'a solid-gas reaction substance filled in the bag, and, '(2) the core part further includes a k-th filled body (1≤k≤n) that is inserted into a space surrounded by a k-th spacer (1≤k≤n), a k-th heat ...

METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBON NANOSTRUCTURE AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CARBON NANOSTRUCTURE

A method for producing a carbon nanostructure according to an aspect of the present invention is a method in which a carbon nanostructure is produced between a base body and a separable body while the separable body is relatively moved away from the base body, the base body including a carburizable metal that is a principal constituent, the separable body including a carburizable metal that is a principal constituent, the separable body being joined to or in contact with the base body in a linear or strip-like shape. The method includes a carburizing gas feed step, an oxidizing gas feed step, a heating step in which the portion of the base body at which the base body and the separable body are joined to or in contact with each other is heated, and a separation step in which the separable body is relatively moved away from the base body. 1. A method for producing a carbon nanostructure in which a carbon nanostructure is produced between a base body and a separable body while the separable body is relatively moved away from the base body , the base body including a carburizable metal that is a principal constituent , the separable body including a carburizable metal that is a principal constituent , the separable body being joined to or in contact with the base body in a linear or strip-like shape , the method comprising:a carburizing gas feed step in which a carburizing gas is fed to at least a portion of the base body at which the base body and the separable body are joined to or in contact with each other;an oxidizing gas feed step in which an oxidizing gas is fed to at least a part of a portion of the base body which is other than the portion of the base body to which the carburizing gas is fed in the carburizing gas feed step;a heating step in which the portion of the base body at which the base body and the separable body are joined to or in contact with each other is heated; anda separation step in which the separable body is relatively moved away from the base ...

High aspect ratio catalytic reactor and catalyst inserts therefor

The present invention relates to high efficient tubular catalytic steam reforming reactor configured from about 0.2 inch to about 2 inch inside diameter high temperature metal alloy tube or pipe and loaded with a plurality of rolled catalyst inserts comprising metallic monoliths. The catalyst insert substrate is formed from a single metal foil without a central supporting structure in the form of a spiral monolith. The single metal foil is treated to have 3-dimensional surface features that provide mechanical support and establish open gas channels between each of the rolled layers. This unique geometry accelerates gas mixing and heat transfer and provides a high catalytic active surface area. The small diameter, high aspect ratio tubular catalytic steam reforming reactors loaded with rolled catalyst inserts can be arranged in a multi-pass non-vertical parallel configuration thermally coupled with a heat source to carry out steam reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feeds. The rolled catalyst inserts are self-supported on the reactor wall and enable efficient heat transfer from the reactor wall to the reactor interior, and lower pressure drop than known particulate catalysts. The heat source can be oxygen transport membrane reactors.

PRECONCENTRATOR FOR ABSORBING/DESORBING AT LEAST ONE COMPONENT OF GAS

The disclosure pertains to a microstructure for adsorbing/desorbing at least one gas component of a gas supplied to the microstructure. The microstructure includes a semiconductor substrate having a bottom and a top. The microstructure also includes a plurality of micro-channels, extending from the bottom to the top of the semiconductor substrate. A top surface of micro-channel is configured to adsorb and/or desorb the at least one gas component when the gas is passed through the micro-channels. 1. A microstructure for adsorbing , desorbing , or adsorbing and desorbing at least one gas component of a gas supplied to the microstructure , the microstructure comprising:a semiconductor substrate with an underside and a top side;a plurality of micro-channels, wherein each micro-channel extends from the underside to the top side of the semiconductor substrate; anda surface of the respective micro-channels configured to absorb, desorb, or absorb and desorb the at least one gas component when the gas flows through the respective micro-channels.2. The microstructure of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the respective micro-channels is formed by a surface structure of the respective micro-channels on an internal wall thereof.3. The microstructure of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the respective micro-channels is formed by a coating that is applied to an internal wall of the respective micro-channels.4. The microstructure of claim 1 , further comprising:a temperature control element configured to control a temperature of the semiconductor substrate.5. The microstructure of claim 4 , wherein the temperature control element is arranged on the top side of the semiconductor substrate.6. The microstructure of claim 4 , wherein the temperature control element has a plurality of through-openings corresponding to the micro-channels claim 4 , andwherein the through-openings are arranged in line with the respective micro-channels.7. The microstructure of claim 1 , further comprising:at ...

SOLAR RECEIVER-REACTOR

The invention relates to a method for producing syngas by means of solar radiation, in which the reactor of a receiver-reactor is periodically heated via an aperture provided in the same for solar radiation by means of the solar radiation to an upper reduction temperature for a reduction process and subsequently cooled to a lower oxidation temperature for an oxidation process in the presence of an oxidation gas, wherein the sunlight is guided through an absorption chamber onto an absorber configured as a reactor, which includes a reducible/oxidizable material, and wherein a gas that absorbs the black-body radiation of the absorber is guided through the absorption chamber and the absorption chamber is configured so that the back radiation of the absorber through the aperture is essentially absorbed by the gas. Radiation losses caused by back radiation of the black-body radiation exiting the optical aperture are thus avoided in accordance with the invention. The heat of the back radiation, however, can be utilized directly in the heat-transporting fluid and is available for a flexible usage. The receiver-reactor has a simple design and is suitable as a low-cost receiver-reactor. 1. A method for producing syngas using solar radiation , in which a reactor of a receiver-reactor is periodically heated via an aperture provided therein for solar radiation using the solar radiation to an upper reduction temperature (T) for a reduction process and subsequently cooled to a lower oxidation temperature (T) for an oxidation process in the presence of an oxidation gas , comprising:guiding sunlight through an absorption chamber onto an absorber configured as the reactor, which includes a reducible/oxidizable material; andguiding a gas that absorbs black-body radiation of the absorber through the absorption chamber, wherein an absorption area is configured so that 80% or more of the black-body radiation of the absorber present on a path to the aperture is absorbed.2. The method for ...

SHELL AND TUBE OXIDATION REACTOR WITH IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO FOULING

The present disclosure relates to a single shell open interstage reactor (“SSOI”). The SSOI comprises a first reaction stage, an interstage heat exchanger, an open interstage region, and a second reaction stage. The SSOI may be configured for upflow or downflow operation. Further, the open interstage region of the SSOI may comprise a supplemental oxidant feed. When the open interstage region comprises a supplemental oxidant feed, the SSOI may further comprise a supplemental oxidant mixing assembly. Processes for producing acrylic acid through the oxidation of propylene are also disclosed. 1. A process of making acrylic acid comprising:a) providing a mixed feed gas comprising propylene to a first shell-and-tube reaction stage, wherein the first shell-and-tube reaction stage comprises a mixed metal oxide catalyst;b) oxidizing the propylene in the first shell-and-tube reaction stage to produce a process gas comprising acrolein;c) cooling the process gas to a temperature ranging from 240° C. to 280° C. in an interstage heat exchanger;d) passing the cooled process gas through an open interstage region;e) passing the process gas to a second shell-and-tube reaction stage, wherein the tubes of the second shell-and-tube reaction stage have an internal diameter greater than 22.3 mm and wherein the second shell-and-tube reaction stage comprises a mixed metal oxide catalyst;f) oxidizing the acrolein in the second shell-and-tube reaction stage to produce a product gas comprising acrylic acid; andg) transferring the product gas between a reactor outlet and downstream collection and purification equipment using large diameter exit piping having an outlet diameter ratio, Ko, of 0.08 or more.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second reactor stage comprises a conical outlet reactor head.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the open interstage region is at least partially filled with at least one inert material.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein passing the cooled process gas ...

NESTED-FLOW HEAT EXCHANGERS AND CHEMICAL REACTORS

Disclosed is a technology based upon the nesting of tubes to provide chemical reactors or chemical reactors with built in heat exchanger. As a chemical reactor, the technology provides the ability to manage the temperature within a process flow for improved performance, control the location of reactions for corrosion control, or implement multiple process steps within the same piece of equipment. As a chemical reactor with built in heat exchanger, the technology can provide large surface areas per unit volume and large heat transfer coefficients. The technology can recover the thermal energy from the product flow to heat the reactant flow to the reactant temperature, significantly reducing the energy needs for accomplishment of a process. 1. (canceled)2. A process of making hydrogen , the process comprising:flowing a first reactant comprising methane through a first flow path;flowing a second reactant comprising air through a second flow path;reacting air and methane to produce an exhaust and an amount of heat;heating the first reactant and the second reactant with a first portion of the amount of heat;flowing the exhaust through a third flow path;flowing a third reactant through a fourth flow path, wherein the third reactant comprises water and methane;heating the third reactant with a second portion of the amount of heat;reacting the third reactant to produce a product comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide;flowing the product through a fifth flow path; andtransferring heat from the product to the third reactant in the fourth flow path, wherein:the first flow path, the second flow path, the third flow path, the fourth flow path, and the fifth flow path are coaxial about a longitudinal axis.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the product is produced by steam methane reforming using the third reactant.4. The process of claim 2 , wherein:the third reactant further comprises carbon monoxide, andthe product is produced by the water shift reaction using the third ...

Porous graft copolymer particles, method for producing same, and adsorbent material using same

Provided are graft copolymer particles enabling introduction of adsorptive functional groups adsorbing metals and others, a method for producing same, and an adsorbent using same. (1) Porous graft copolymer particles containing graft chains introduced into porous particles (particle surface having an average pore diameter of 0.01-50 μm) including at least one resin selected from olefin resins, water-insoluble modified polyvinyl alcohol resins, amide resins, cellulosic resins, chitosan resins and (meth)acrylate resins. (2) A method for producing porous graft copolymer particles including (I) melt-kneading a polymer A and a polymer B other than the polymer A to obtain a compound material, (II) extracting and removing the polymer B from the compound material to obtain a porous material of the polymer A, (III) granulating the porous material, and (IV) introducing graft chains into the porous particles. (3) An adsorbent of porous graft copolymer particles.

NESTED-FLOW HEAT EXCHANGERS

Disclosed is a technology based upon the nesting of tubes to provide chemical reactors or chemical reactors with built in heat exchanger. As a chemical reactor, the technology provides the ability to manage the temperature within a process flow for improved performance, control the location of reactions for corrosion control, or implement multiple process steps within the same piece of equipment. As a chemical reactor with built in heat exchanger, the technology can provide large surface areas per unit volume and large heat transfer coefficients. The technology can recover the thermal energy from the product flow to heat the reactant flow to the reactant temperature, significantly reducing the energy needs for accomplishment of a process. 1. A heat exchanger comprising of three or more nested tubes for thermal energy transfer from one fluid flow to another fluid flow in which the flow path is maintained open through the use of substantially-non-flow-blocking spacers.2. A heat exchanger , the heat exchanger comprising:a first tube having a first end;a second tube having a second end;a third tube having a third end; and the first tube, the second tube, and the third tube are coaxial about a longitudinal axis,', 'the first tube defines a portion of a first flow path,', 'the first tube and the second tube define a portion of a second flow path,', 'the second tube and the third tube define a portion of a third flow path,', 'the second flow path and the third flow path are annular flow paths,', 'the second end is the end of the second tube closest to the first end,', 'the third end is the end of the third tube closest to the first end,', 'the manifold assembly is in contact with the first end, the second end, and the third end,', 'the manifold assembly defines an input and an outlet,', 'the input is in fluid communication with at least one of the first flow path, the second flow path, or the third flow path, and', 'the outlet is in fluid communication with at least one of ...

HYDROGEN PRODUCING APPARATUS, METHOD FOR SEPARATING SOLID PRODUCT AND SYSTEM FOR DISCHARGING AND RECYCLING SOLID PRODUCT

To provide an apparatus and a system suitable for continuously and stably producing hydrogen by taking advantage of a direction composition reaction of hydrocarbons as well as a method for separating a solid product. 117-. (canceled)18. A system for discharging and recovering a solid product produced , the system comprising:a reaction chamber for performing a direct decomposition reaction of a hydrocarbon;a collection box for communicating with an opening of said reaction chamber via a ventilation hole;a first valve for opening and closing said ventilation hole; anda depressurization pump for reducing a gas pressure in said collection box in response to closing the first valve.19. The system for discharging and recovering a solid product of claim 18 , comprising:a depressurization chamber along a channel from said ventilation hole to said collection box,a second valve between said depressurization chamber and said collection box, andwherein said depressurization chamber is configured to communicate with said collection box.20. The system for discharging and recovering a solid product of claim 18 , wherein said reaction chamber comprises a nickel-based metal structure.21. The system for discharging and recovering a solid product of claim 18 , wherein said nickel-based metal structure comprises an exposed nickel-containing layer claim 18 , and the nickel-containing layer is an unsupported-type nickel-containing layer.22. The system for discharging and recovering a solid product of claim 18 , wherein said nickel-based metal structure is a structure that combines at least one selected from the group consisting of a plate claim 18 , a porous a body claim 18 , a felt claim 18 , a mesh claim 18 , a fabric and an expanded metal.24. A process for discharging and recovering solid product produced in a reaction chamber claim 18 , the process comprising the steps of:providing a depressurization chamber along a channel between the reaction chamber and said collection box; ...

MULTIPHASE POROUS FLOW REACTORS AND METHODS OF USING SAME

PFRs for running multiphasic processes are disclosed. The PFRs are single or multi-chamber devices having at least three types of regions (a liquid-contacting region, a gas-contacting region and a liquid-collection region), and a porous substrate providing fluid communication at least between the liquid-contacting and gas-contacting regions. Removal of liquid from the porous substrate, such as by collecting the liquid as it flows off the bottom of the porous substrate in the liquid-collection region or such as by evaporation of the liquid from the porous substrate in the evaporation region supports a continuous flow process. Methods of using the PFRs are also disclosed, for example methods of using the PFRs as photobioreactors for cultivating photosynthetic microorganisms, for producing fermentable sugars, for producing ethanol, for fermenting synthesis gas and producing single cell protein from natural gas. 1. A method for performing a gas-liquid phase process , comprising:a. driving a continuous flow of liquid at least in party by gravity through a porous material for a desired time period by providing a first liquid at a first end of the porous material and removing the first liquid from a second end of the porous material, wherein the porous flow material is at least partially enclosed in a housing of a PFR; and,b. circulating a first gas containing a reactant into a first gas-contacting region of the PFR facilitating a reaction between the reactant and a reaction facilitator coated on at least a portion of the porous material, which produces a product.2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the porous material is entirely enclosed within the housing of the PFR.3. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , recovering the product.4. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the product is recovered in the first liquid as the first liquid flows out of the porous material at the second end of the porous material.5. A method according to claim 3 , ...

Dielectric packing material for conversion of carbon dioxide to valuable materials by non-thermal plasma technology

The present invention relates to a dielectric packing material for converting carbon dioxide to a valuable material using non-thermal plasma technology, and more particularly, to a dielectric packing material for converting carbon dioxide to a valuable material using non-thermal plasma technology, wherein the dielectric packing material is packed in a non-thermal plasma reactor for conversion of carbon dioxide to a valuable material and is formed to have a hollow structure with multiple edges on the surface thereof to effectively scatter non-thermal plasma at the edges and thereby to improve CO2 conversion and energy efficiency.

HYDROGEN GENERATION SYSTEMS

A system for production of hydrogen includes a steam methane reformer (SMR) including an outer tube, wherein a first end of the outer tube is closed; and an inner tube disposed in the outer tube, wherein a first end of the inner tube is open. An SMR flow channel is defined within the inner tube and an annular space is defined between the outer tube and the inner tube. The flow channel is in fluid communication with the annular space. The SMR includes a foam disposed in the annular space. The system includes a water gas shift reactor comprising a reaction tube, wherein a reaction channel is defined within the reaction tube, and wherein the reaction channel is in fluid communication with the SMR flow channel; a heat transfer material disposed in the reaction channel; and a catalyst disposed in the reaction channel. 1. (canceled)2. A system for production of hydrogen , the system comprising: an outer tube, wherein a first end of the outer tube is closed;', 'an inner tube disposed in the outer tube, wherein a first end of the inner tube is open, wherein an SMR flow channel is defined within the inner tube and an annular space is defined between the outer tube and the inner tube, the SMR flow channel being in fluid communication with the annular space;', 'an SMR foam disposed in at least a portion of the annular space between the outer tube and the inner tube; and, 'a steam methane reformer (SMR) comprising 'wherein the WGS reactor comprises a WGS catalyst disposed in the WGS reaction channel.', 'a water gas shift (WGS) reactor, wherein a WGS reaction channel is defined through the WGS reactor, and wherein the WGS reaction channel is in fluid communication with the SMR flow channel, and'}3. The system of claim 2 , wherein an outlet of the SMR flow channel is in fluid communication with an inlet of the WGS reaction channel.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the WGS reactor comprises:a housing; anda reaction tube disposed in the housing,wherein the WGS reaction channel is ...

HALOGEN GENERATOR

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method and system for producing a halogen gas. The method may comprise contacting a solid oxidizing agent with a vapor comprising a halide compound, to produce a gas stream comprising a halogen corresponding to the halide in the halide compound. The halide compound may be an acyl halide, such as an acetyl halide or an oxalyl halide. The oxidizing agent may be any suitable oxidizing agent, and in certain examples, potassium permanganate is used. The method may be performed under a reduced pressure. Also disclosed herein is a system suitable to perform the disclosed method. The system may comprise a reservoir, an oxidizing agent support and a gas stream outlet. 1. A system , comprising:a halide compound reservoir;an oxidizing agent support fluidly coupled to the reservoir; anda gas stream outlet.210. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a gas inlet comprising a first tap configured to enable or prevent gas entering the system.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the gas inlet is fluidly coupled to an inert gas stream.4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a vacuum system fluidly coupled to the gas stream outlet.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the gas stream outlet further comprises a second tap configured to enable or prevent gas leaving the system.6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the system is configured to operate at a pressure of from 50 Torr to 300 Torr.7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent support is a glass sintered disc.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises a solid oxidizing agent in contact with the oxidizing agent support.9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the solid oxidizing agent comprises a permanganate claim 8 , dichromate claim 8 , hypochlorite claim 8 , hypobromite claim 8 , chlorate claim 8 , bromate claim 8 , chlorite claim 8 , bromite claim 8 , perchlorate claim 8 , perbromate claim 8 , chlorochromate claim 8 , perborate claim 8 , bismuthate claim 8 , ...

Nested-Flow Heat Exchangers and Chemical Reactors

Disclosed is a technology based upon the simple nesting of tubes to provide heat exchangers, chemical reactors or chemical reactors with built in heat exchanger. As a chemical reactor, the technology provides the ability to manage the temperature within a process flow to better control the process for improved performance, control the location of product production to control corrosion issue, or implement multiple steps for a process within the same piece of equipment. As a heat exchanger, the technology can provide large surface areas per unit volume and large heat transfer coefficients. As a combined heat exchanger and chemical reactor, the technology can recover the thermal energy from the product flow to heat the reactant flow to the reactant temperature, significantly reducing the energy needs for accomplishment of a process. Combined heat exchanger and chemical reactor examples for hydrogen production and ammonia production are presented, along with a urea production example that integrates the product formation, resonance time conversion and stripping steps for urea production all within a single process unit. 1. A process for making hydrogen comprising the steps of steam methane reforming and water shift reaction; using nested-flow technology to maximize the energy utilization , maximize the thermal coupling between the reforming and combustion , and to improve the performance of the catalyst beds.2. A process for making hydrogen of claim 1 , wherein the energy required for heating up the steam and methane reactants is obtained from cooling down the carbon-monoxide claim 1 , carbon-dioxide and hydrogen products; wherein the hardware required for that energy transfer is internal to the chemical process reactor; and wherein a significantly reduction in the energy needs for product formation is observed.3. A process for making hydrogen of claim 1 , wherein the energy required for heating up the combustion reactants is obtained from cooling down the combustion ...

REACTOR PACKING WITH PREFERENTIAL FLOW CATALYST

The present invention relates to reactor tubes packed with a catalyst system employed to deliberately bias process gas flow toward the hot tube segment and away from the cold segment in order to reduce the circumferential tube temperature variation. 16-. (canceled)7. A catalyst with a structural element disposed in the interior of one or more tubes within a tubular reformer , comprising: a structural element that circumferentially biases a process gas flow , where the process gas stream comprise steam and at least one hydrocarbon , toward the at least one tube wall side of greater incident heat flux.8. The structural element of claim 7 , wherein the structural element directs flow away from tube wall sides of lesser incident heat flux.9. The structural element of claim 7 , wherein the structural element is a flow resistance element disposed between catalyst sections along the length of the tube.10. The structural element of claim 9 , wherein the flow resistance elements are perforated plates or grates with circumferentially non-uniform open channels.11. The structural element of claim 9 , wherein the flow resistance elements have a lesser flow resistance toward the sides of the tube with greater incident flux claim 9 , thereby biasing flow toward these tube wall sides.12. The structural element of claim 11 , wherein the flow resistance elements have a greater flow resistance toward the sides of the tube with lesser incident heat flux claim 11 , thereby biasing flow away from these tube wall sides.13. The catalyst with a structural element of claim 7 , wherein the catalyst is in pelletized form supported by the structural element where said element is a perforated metal basket having non-uniform flow openings that preferentially directs flow.14. The structural element of claim 13 , wherein a greater portion of flow opening is disposed adjacent the tube wall sides with greater incident heat flux.15. The structural element of claim 13 , wherein a lesser portion of flow ...

Method for Temperature Data Acquisition

A method for determining temperature information for a plurality of tubes in a furnace where one or more digital images provide temperature information for imaged tubes, and temperature information for non-imaged tubes is determined from the temperature information for the imaged tubes and measured temperatures of combined effluent from the imaged and non-imaged tubes. 1. A method for determining temperature information on a plurality of tubes in a furnace , the method comprising:capturing one or more digital images of an interior area of the furnace wherein the one or more digital images comprises pixel data associated with a subset of the plurality of tubes positioned inside the furnace;identifying a plurality of imaged tubes in the subset of the plurality of tubes in the one or more digital images, the plurality of tubes comprising the imaged tubes and non-imaged tubes, the imaged tubes detected in the one or more digital images, the non-imaged tubes not detected in any of the one or more digital images;processing a portion of the pixel data associated with the plurality of imaged tubes to obtain a value representing a measure of central tendency for at least a subset of the plurality of imaged tubes in the one or more digital images;processing the value representing the measure of central tendency for at least the subset of the plurality of imaged tubes to obtain temperature information for at least the subset of the plurality of imaged tubes;withdrawing an effluent from each of the plurality of tubes;collecting the effluent withdrawn from each of the plurality of tubes in a plurality of secondary collection headers, each of the plurality of secondary collection headers operatively connected to a respective group of multiple groups of the plurality of tubes, the effluent collected in each secondary collection header forming a respective combined effluent in each secondary collection header;passing the effluent collected in each respective secondary collection ...

Plasma reactor and method for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid

In a plasma reactor for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid, the deposition of C particles is to be reduced or completely prevented. In order to achieve this object, there is described a plasma reactor for decomposing a hydrocarbon fluid which comprises a reactor chamber enclosed by a reactor wall and having at least one hydrocarbon fluid inlet and at least one outlet, and in addition it comprises a plasma burner having at least two elongated electrodes which each have a base part that is fixed to the reactor wall and a burner part which projects into the reactor chamber and has a free end. The hydrocarbon fluid inlet opens out into the reactor chamber in such a manner that a hydrocarbon fluid flowing out therefrom flows in a space between the reactor wall and the electrodes along at least one electrode to the free end thereof. A high flow rate of the fluid is thereby achieved and the direction of flow of the incoming fluid is directed away from the hydrocarbon fluid inlet.

SHELL AND TUBE OXIDATION REACTOR WITH IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO FOULING

The present disclosure relates to a single shell open interstage reactor (“SSOI”). The SSOI comprises a first reaction stage, an interstage heat exchanger, an open interstage region, and a second reaction stage. The SSOI may be configured for upflow or downflow operation. Further, the open interstage region of the SSOI may comprise a supplemental oxidant feed. When the open interstage region comprises a supplemental oxidant feed, the SSOI may further comprise a supplemental oxidant mixing assembly. Processes for producing acrylic acid through the oxidation of propylene are also disclosed. 1. A single shell open interstage reactor for producing acrylic acid from propylene comprising , in process-flow order:a) a first shell-and-tube reaction stage comprising a plurality of reaction tubes, wherein the reaction tubes of the first reaction stage comprise a first catalyst for oxidizing propylene to produce acrolein;b) an interstage heat exchanger;c) an open interstage region; andd) a second shell-and tube reaction stage comprising a plurality of reaction tubes, wherein the reaction tubes of the second reaction stage comprise a second catalyst for oxidizing acrolein to produce acrylic acid; andwherein the reaction tubes of the second reaction stage have a diameter greater than 22.3 mm.2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein said open interstage region comprises a supplemental oxidant supply line.3. The reactor of claim 2 , wherein said open interstage region further comprises a supplemental oxidant mixing assembly.4. The reactor of claim 3 , wherein said supplemental oxidant mixing assembly comprises a supplemental oxidant supply line claim 3 , optionally an oxidant heat exchanger claim 3 , and a venturi mixer.5. The reactor of claim 4 , wherein said venturi mixer comprises:a) an inlet contracting section;b) an intermediate throat section comprising at least one blending element; andc) an outlet expansion section.6. The reactor of claim 5 , wherein the at least one blending ...

PRODUCING ODORANT PUMICE STONE SAMPLES

Various embodiments of the present invention are directed towards a system and method relating to depositing vapor in a sample. For example, a device includes a vapor source chamber configured to contain a vapor source material to generate vapor. An activation chamber is configured to contain a sample. The activation chamber is in fluid communication with the vapor source chamber to receive the vapor. A permeable separator divides the vapor source chamber and the activation chamber, and isolates the sample in the activation chamber while allowing vapor to pass between the vapor source chamber and the activation chamber. The device is sealable and configured to apply vacuum to the vapor and sample, to cause deposition of the vapor into the pumice stone samples. 1. A device comprising:a vapor source chamber configured to contain a vapor source material to generate vapor;an activation chamber configured to contain a sample and in fluid communication with the vapor source chamber to receive the vapor; anda permeable separator disposed between the vapor source chamber and the activation chamber, configured to isolate the sample in the activation chamber and allow passage of vapor between the vapor source chamber and the activation chamber;wherein the device is sealable and configured to apply vacuum to the vapor and sample, to cause deposition of the vapor into the sample.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein heating and vacuum of the device are adjusted as a function of characteristics of the vapor source material and the sample.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the characteristic of the vapor source material is a vapor pressure claim 2 , and the temperature is increased at a predetermined rate to create vapor claim 2 , up to a predetermined temperature that is consistent with the vapor pressure of the source material.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein a vacuum pump is activated to place the device under vacuum in response to temperature of the device increasing to a ...

CONDITIONED CURING SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES THEREOF

The invention provides novel apparatus and processes for gas flow and conditioning to achieve optimal COcuring of articles of composite materials (e.g., precast objects made of carbonatable calcium silicate-based cements), with solid interior or having hollow interior ducts, channels and chambers or otherwise being hollowed out, as well as the precast objects so made, which are suitable for a variety of applications in construction, pavements and landscaping, and infrastructure. 1. A process for curing a precast object , comprising:introducing the precast object into an envelope that is capable of containing a gas, wherein the envelope is sealed or vented; introducing a gas at a first condition into the envelope,', 'flowing the gas over a surface of the precast object inside the envelope to bring the gas to a second condition,', 'passing the gas at the second condition through a primary gas conditioning system to restore the gas to its first condition, and', 'recirculating the gas into the primary gas circulation loop;, 'providing a primary gas circulation loop, comprising taking the gas in the envelope at a third condition,', 'passing it through a secondary gas conditioning system to condition it to a fourth condition, and', 'flowing the gas after conditioning to the fourth condition over at least another surface of the precast object; and, 'providing one or more secondary gas circulation loop, wherein the secondary gas circulation loop comprisescuring the precast object for a time sufficient to produce a cured precast object.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the precast object is made of a carbonatable calcium silicate-based cement and the gas is carbon dioxide.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the secondary gas conditioning system of the secondary gas circulation loop is located within the envelope.4. The process of claim 2 , comprising providing a plurality of secondary gas circulation loops.57-. (canceled)8. The process of claim 1 , wherein ...

HALOGEN GENERATOR

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method and system for producing a halogen gas. The method may comprise contacting a solid oxidizing agent with a vapor comprising a halide compound, to produce a gas stream comprising a halogen corresponding to the halide in the halide compound. The halide compound may be an acyl halide, such as an acetyl halide or an oxalyl halide. The oxidizing agent may be any suitable oxidizing agent, and in certain examples, potassium permanganate is used. The method may be performed under a reduced pressure. Also disclosed herein is a system suitable to perform the disclosed method. The system may comprise a reservoir, an oxidizing agent support and a gas stream outlet. 1. A method , comprising contacting a solid oxidizing agent with a vapor comprising a halide compound to produce a gas stream comprising a halogen gas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halide compound is an acyl halide.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halide compound is an acetyl halide claim 1 , oxalyl halide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halide compound is acetyl chloride or acetyl bromide.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halide compound is oxalyl chloride or oxalyl bromide.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen gas is chlorine.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the halogen gas is bromine.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent comprises a permanganate claim 1 , dichromate claim 1 , hypochlorite claim 1 , hypobromite claim 1 , chlorate claim 1 , bromate claim 1 , chlorite claim 1 , bromite claim 1 , perchlorate claim 1 , perbromate claim 1 , chlorochromate claim 1 , perborate claim 1 , bismuthate claim 1 , nitrate claim 1 , chromate claim 1 , trioxide claim 1 , tetroxide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidizing agent comprises lithium claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , barium claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , chromium ...

AIR PREHEATING AND NOX REDUCTION INTEGRATED REACTOR AND REACTION METHOD

An air preheating and denitration integrated reactor and reaction method. The reactor includes a rotary catalyst body, housing arranged outside the rotary catalyst body, and gas inlet and outlet channels on upper and lower surfaces of the housing; the gas inlet and outlet channel is in divided three, namely flue gas, reductant, and air inlet and outlet channels, the rotary catalyst body is cylindrical and includes a central shaft rotor and multiple circular catalyst layers rotate around the central shaft rotor, each circular catalyst layer is divided into air, flue gas and reductant zones by a radial sealing plate and axial sealing plate. In each circular catalyst layer, a catalyst in the reactor alternately circulates in flue gas, reductant and air zones. The catalyst performs heating-reheating-cooling process on catalyst layers along with the reactor rotation, different temperatures and reaction atmospheres in zones conductive of air preheating and denitration. 1. An air preheating and denitration integrated reactor , comprising a rotary catalyst body structure and a housing arranged outside the rotary catalyst body structure , as well as a gas inlet and outlet channel on the upper surface and the lower surface of the housing , wherein the gas inlet and outlet channel is divided into three parts , namely a flue gas inlet and outlet channel , a reductant inlet and outlet channel and an air inlet and outlet channel , the rotary catalyst body structure is cylindrical and comprises a central shaft rotor and multiple circular catalyst layers which can rotate around the central shaft rotor , each circular catalyst layer is divided into an air zone , a flue gas zone and a reductant zone by a radial sealing plate and an axial sealing plate , the air zone of each circular catalyst layer is longitudinally through and has the size corresponding to the air inlet and outlet channel , the flue gas zone of each circular catalyst layer is longitudinally through and has the size ...

CATALYST STRUCTURE

A catalyst structure, which makes it possible to reduce the flow passage resistance and raise the purification rate, is provided. A catalyst structure provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine comprises a base member which is formed by combining wire-shaped members, wherein the wire-shaped members do not include any wire-shaped member which is arranged to be orthogonal to a flow direction of an exhaust gas, and the wire-shaped members include wire-shaped members which are arranged obliquely with respect to the flow direction of the exhaust gas. The change in the cross-sectional area of the base member is suppressed by arranging the wire-shaped members obliquely with respect to the flow direction of the exhaust gas. 1. A catalyst structure provided in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine , the catalyst structure comprising: a plurality of inclined portions at which the wire-shaped members are arranged obliquely with respect to a flow direction of an exhaust gas; and', 'intersecting portions at each of which the plurality of inclined portions intersect at both ends of each of the inclined portions, and from each of which the plurality of inclined portions extend radially at equal angles when the catalyst structure is viewed from an upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas,, 'a base member which is formed by combining wire-shaped members, the base member being provided withwherein the wire-shaped members do not include any wire-shaped member which is arranged to be orthogonal to the flow direction of the exhaust gas.2. (canceled)3. The catalyst structure according to claim 1 , wherein the base member is densified on a downstream side as compared with the upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas.4. The catalyst structure according to claim 1 , wherein an angle of the inclined portion with respect to the flow direction of the exhaust gas is more increased on a downstream side in the flow direction of the ...

System for producing high-purity granular silicon

The present disclosure provides a reactor and a method for the production of high purity silicon granules. The reactor includes a reactor chamber; and the reaction chamber is equipped with a solid feeding port, auxiliary gas inlet, raw material gas inlet, and exhaust gas export. The reaction chamber is also equipped with an internal gas distributor; a preheating unit; and an external exhaust gas processing unit connected between the preheating unit and a gas inlet. The reaction chamber is further equipped with a surface finishing unit, a heating unit, and a dynamics-generating unit. The reaction occurs through decomposition of silicon-containing gas in a densely stacked, high purity granular silicon layer reaction bed in relative motion, and uses the exhaust gas for heating. The present invention achieves a large-scale, efficient, energy-saving, continuous, low-cost production of high purity silicon granules.

REACTOR FOR NON-OXIDATIVE DIRECT CONVERSION OF METHANE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ETHYLENE AND AROMATIC COMPOUND USING SAME

The present invention relates to a reactor for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane and a method of manufacturing ethylene and an aromatic compound using the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a reactor for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane in which a catalytic reaction velocity is maximized, the production of coke is minimized, and a high conversion rate of methane and a high yield of ethylene and an aromatic compound are ensured when ethylene and the aromatic compound are manufactured from methane, and a method of manufacturing ethylene and an aromatic compound using the same. 1. A reactor for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane , the reactor comprising:an introduction unit for introducing a methane-containing feed;a reaction unit for reacting the methane-containing feed introduced through the introduction unit to produce a product containing ethylene and an aromatic compound; anda discharge unit for discharging the product containing the ethylene and the aromatic compound produced in the reaction unit,wherein the reaction unit includes a first reaction region unit, for reacting the methane-containing feed introduced through the introduction unit to produce acetylene, and a second reaction region unit, for hydrogenating the acetylene produced in the first reaction region unit to produce the ethylene and the aromatic compound, and the second reaction region unit is provided with a hydrogen supply tube which is coaxially disposed in the reactor and which is hollow so that hydrogen is supplied from the discharge unit to the introduction unit through the hollow hydrogen supply tube.2. The reactor for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane of claim 1 , wherein the reactor for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane includes a second reaction catalyst in a reactor inner circumferential surface or in the hydrogen supply tube of the second reaction region unit.3. The reactor for non-oxidative direct conversion of methane ...

Catalytically coated support, process for its preparation and thus equipped reactor and its use

Beschrieben werden Träger mit katalytischer Beschichtung, umfassend mindestens eine poröse und Kavitäten enthaltende Katalysatorschicht, wobei die Kavitäten irreguläre Hohlräume mit Abmessungen von größer als 5 mum in mindestens zwei Dimensionen oder mit Querschnittsflächen von mindestens 10 mum·2· darstellen. DOLLAR A Die katalytischen Beschichtungen zeichnen sich durch eine hohe Haftzugfestigkeit aus und lassen sich vorzugsweise in Mikroreaktoren einsetzen. The description relates to supports having a catalytic coating comprising at least one catalyst layer containing porous and cavities, wherein the cavities represent irregular cavities with dimensions of greater than 5 μm in at least two dimensions or with cross-sectional areas of at least 10 μm 2. DOLLAR A The catalytic coatings are characterized by a high adhesive tensile strength and can be used preferably in microreactors.

Reactor for producing polycrystalline silicon using the monosilane process

The invention relates to a reactor (10) for producing polycrystalline silicon, having a reactor floor (2) having a plurality of nozzles (4) formed therein. A siliceous gas flows in through the nozzles (4). A plurality of filament rods (6) are also mounted on the reactor floor (2). A gas outlet opening (8) for feeding used siliceous gas to an enrichment and/or conditioning is further provided. The gas outlet opening (8) is formed at a free end (21) of an inner tube (20), wherein the inner tube (20) is fed through the reactor floor (2).

Systems and methods for facilitating dissociation of methane utilizing a reactor designed to generate shockwaves in a supersonic gaseous vortex

Methane may be dissociated at low temperatures and/or pressures utilizing a reactor designed to generate shockwaves in a supersonic gaseous vortex. Within a preprocessing chamber, the methane may be pressurized to a pressure of 700 kPa or more, and heated to a temperature below a dissociation temperature of methane. The methane may be introduced as a gas stream substantially tangentially to an inner surface of a chamber of the reactor to effectuate a gaseous vortex rotating about a longitudinal axis within the chamber. The gas stream may be introduced using a nozzle that accelerates the gas stream to a supersonic velocity. A frequency of shockwaves emitted from the nozzle into the gaseous vortex may be controlled. Product gas and carbon byproduct may be emitted from the chamber of the reactor. The carbon byproduct may be separated out from the product gas using a gas/solid separator.

REACTOR FOR CATALYTIC TREATMENT OF GAS SHAPED FLUIDS

Catalytic wall reactors and use of catalytic wall reactors for methane coupling and hyxdrocarbon cracking reactions

Apparatus is described for simultaneous coupling of methane and dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, or cracking of hydrocarbons. The apparatus contains reaction channels for the methane coupling in or adjacent to channels for the dehydrogenation or cracking reaction. In use, heat evolved by the methane coupling is absorbed by the dehydrogenation or cracking reaction. A dual-flow chemical reactor core is described containing catalytic heat-transfer walls comprising a gas-impervious material and a coupling catalyst and reactors for simultaneous coupling of methane and dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons or cracking of hydrocarbons in separate gas streams and also chemical processes which combine coupling of methane and cracking of hydrocarbons to make olefins in such apparatus.

A process and an apparatus for producing the gas synthesis

A process for producing the gas synthesis by steam reforming of hot carbohydrate raw stock in the presence of catalyst on carrier in the heated tubular reactor with a subsequent withdrawal of the gas synthesis. According to the invention the reaction being performed in the presence of catalyst applied in the thin layer on the inner wall of heated tubular reactor. An apparatus for producing the gas synthesis being disclosed containing the heated tubular reactor with the catalyst on carrier therein, at that the reactor has an inlet for supplying the hot hydrocarbon raw stock and an outlet for withdrawal of the gas synthesis. According to the invention the catalyst is applied in the form of a thin layer on the inner wall of the tubular reactor.

복사 차폐판

복사 차폐판 및 어셈블리 및 복사 차폐판을 포함하는 리액터가 개시된다. 복사 차폐판은 서셉터 히터 어셈블리로부터의 열 유속을 제어할 수 있고, 이에 의해서 서셉터 히터 어셈블리의 표면 상에 배치된 기판의 표면에 걸쳐 보다 우수한 온도 제어가 가능할 수 있다.

催化涂布的载体、其制备方法以及包括它的反应器及其用途

本发明公开了包含至少一层多孔且含空穴的催化剂层的具有催化涂层的载体，其中该空穴是至少两维尺寸大于5微米或者截面积为至少10μm 2 的不规则空腔。该催化涂层的特征在于高的粘合强度且可优选用于微型反应器内。

기체상태의 유체를 촉매작용으로 처리하기 위한 반응기(reactor for catalytically processing gaseous fluids)

본 발명은, 촉매 반응이 열 교환에 의해 수행되며, 정착 촉매가 사용되며, 유체가 반응기를 통해 한 방향으로 유동하는 기체 상태의 유체를 촉매작용으로 처리하기 위한 반응기에 관한 것이다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해, 유체통로를 형성하는 구조물(10)이 반응기 하우징 내에 구비되며, 구조물(10)이 채널(19)를 형성하며, 구조물(10)이 촉매(12)를 구비한, 양호하게는 촉매가 입혀진 하나 이상의 지역(11)을 가진다.

Носитель с каталитическим покрытием, способ его получения и содержащий его реактор, а также его применение

Настоящее изобретение относится к носителю с каталитическим покрытием, способу его получения, его применению в процессах с гетерогенными катализаторами, а также к реактору, который содержит указанный слой катализатора. Описан носитель с каталитическим покрытием, включающий в себя по меньшей мере один пористый и содержащий полости слой катализатора, где полости представляют собой хаотические пустоты с размерами более 5 мкм в по меньшей мере двух измерениях или с площадью поперечного сечения по меньшей мере 10 мкм 2 . Описан способ получения указанного выше носителя, включающий а) получение субстрата носителя, в) в случае необходимости, нанесение слоя, улучшающего сцепление, с) напыление суспензии с по меньшей мере 30%-ным содержанием твердого вещества, содержащей частицы каталитически активно вещества со средним диаметром по меньшей мере 5 мкм и/или его предшественника и, в случае необходимости, дополнительного компонента каталитически активного слоя, и d) в случае необходимости, одно- или многократное повторение стадии с). Описан реактор с поверхностью, предназначенной для покрытия, содержащий по меньшей мере один носитель с каталитическим покрытием, описанный выше. Описано применение носителя в способе каталитического окисления алифатических соединений, в способе окисления ксилола и/или нафталина до фталевой кислоты, в способе окислительного сочетания уксусной кислоты и этена с образованием винилацетата с помощью кислорода, в способе каталитического гидрирования органических соединений и в способе превращения синтез-газа. Технический эффект - каталитические покрытия отличаются высокой прочностью сцепления слоев, обладающих стабильностью, незначительными допуском толщины слоя и сопротивлением массопередаче и могут быть универсально использованы во множестве каталитических систем. 9 н. и 42 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 424 849 (13) C2 (51) МПК B01J B01J B01J B01J B01J C07C ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА C07C ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, C07C ...

Пористые частицы привитого сополимера, способ их получения и адсорбирующий материал, в котором они применяются

Изобретение относится к пористым частицам привитого сополимера, предназначенным для получения адсорбирующего материала, которые адсорбируют металлы и другие вещества, способу их производства и адсорбенту, в котором они применяются. Пористые частицы привитого сополимера содержат по меньшей мере одну смолу, выбранную из олефиновых смол, водонерастворимых модифицированных смол на основе поливинилового спирта, амидных смол, целлюлозных смол, хитозановых смол и (мет)акрилатных смол. Причем смола содержит введенную в нее прививочную цепь, включающую структурное звено, в состав которого входит функциональная группа. Размер частицы находится в диапазоне от 10 мкм до 2000 мкм, средний диаметр пор на поверхности частицы находится в диапазоне от 0,01 мкм до 50 мкм, и степень прививки находится в диапазоне от 30 до 900 частей по массе на 100 частей по массе смолы. 3 н. и 17 з.п. ф-лы, 11 табл. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 647 599 C2 (51) МПК C08J 9/36 (2006.01) B01D 15/00 (2006.01) B01J 20/26 (2006.01) B01J 20/30 (2006.01) C08F 255/02 (2006.01) C08J 9/26 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА C22B 3/24 (2006.01) ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ C22B 7/00 (2006.01) (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (52) СПК B01J 15/00 (2017.08); B01J 20/264 (2017.08); B01J 20/28004 (2017.08); B01J 20/30 (2017.08); B01J 20/3014 (2017.08); B01J 20/3028 (2017.08); C08F 255/02 (2017.08); C08J 3/12 (2017.08); C08J 9/26 (2017.08) (21)(22) Заявка: 2015120060, 29.10.2013 29.10.2013 Дата регистрации: 16.03.2018 30.10.2012 JP 2012-238998; 15.11.2012 JP 2012-250757; 15.11.2012 JP 2012-250758; 23.01.2013 JP 2013-010411; 14.03.2013 JP 2013-051931; 31.07.2013 JP 2013-158515 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 2005065282 A1, 24.03.2005. US C 2 C 2 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.12.2016 Бюл. № 35 2004/023029 A1, 05.02.2004. EP1437376 A1, 14.07.2004. WO 2012/43347 Al, 05.04.2012. EA 17034 B1, 28.09.2012. EP 1512725 A1, 09.03.2005. EP 2010-233825 A, 21.10.2010. JP 2004-83561, 18.03. ...

Flow module

Monolithic reactor

Reactor for obtaining polycrystalline silicon with application of monosilane method

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: reactor (10) contains bottom (2), in which there are many jets (4), though which silicon-containing gas is supplied into reactor, multitude of reactor rods (6), also placed on bottom (2) and are at a distance from jets (4), and output opening (8) for gas, intended for supply of waste monosilane for enrichment and/or recycling, with output opening (8) for gas being placed on free end of internal tube (20). Internal tube (20) passes through of reactor bottom (2), with internal tube (20) containing external wall and internal wall, due to which intermediate space, in which there is circulation contour of cooling water. EFFECT: effective, reliable and safe production of polycrystalline silicon. 13 cl, 11 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2 501 734 (13) C2 (51) МПК C01B 33/035 (2006.01) B01J 19/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2011133927/05, 09.10.2009 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 09.10.2009 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ШМИД СИЛИКОН ТЕКНОЛОДЖИ ГМБХ (DE) R U Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 22.01.2009 DE 102009003368.8 (72) Автор(ы): ШТЁКЛИНГЕР Роберт (DE) (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.02.2013 Бюл. № 6 2 5 0 1 7 3 4 (45) Опубликовано: 20.12.2013 Бюл. № 35 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: JP 06-285364 A, 11.10.1994. US 4179530 A, 18.12.1979. US 5382419 A, 17.01.1995. WO 2007/028776 A2, 15.03.2007. RU 2222648 C2, 27.01.2004. 2 5 0 1 7 3 4 R U (86) Заявка PCT: EP 2009/063198 (09.10.2009) C 2 C 2 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 22.08.2011 (87) Публикация заявки РСТ: WO 2010/083899 (29.07.2010) Адрес для переписки: 197101, Санкт-Петербург, а/я 128, "АРСПАТЕНТ", пат.пов. С.В. Новоселовой (54) РЕАКТОР ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОЛИКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО КРЕМНИЯ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ МОНОСИЛАНОВОГО МЕТОДА (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к реактору для получения поликристаллического кремния с ...

Method and device for production of synthesis gas

FIELD: production of synthesis gas by steam reforming of hot hydrocarbon raw material in heated tubular reactor in presence of catalyst on carrier made in form of thin layer on tubular reactor wall. SUBSTANCE: reaction is conducted at presence of catalyst applied to inner wall of tubular reactor whose outer wall is subjected to heating. Device proposed for realization of this method includes heated tubular reactor with catalyst on carrier made in form of thin layer applied to wall tubular reactor; reactor is provided with inlet for delivery of hot hydrocarbon raw material and outlet for escape of synthesis gas. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of heat transfer. 10 cl, 4 dwg, 2 tbl росзгсс ПЧ сэ РОССИЙСКОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (19) 13) ВИ” 2 218 301 ^^ С2 57 МК’ С 01 В 3/38 12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ (21), (22) Заявка: 98102132/15, 21.01.1998 (24) Дата начала действия патента: 21.01.1998 (30) Приоритет: 22.01.1997 1$ 60/035,396 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 10.01.2000 (46) Дата публикации: 10.12.2003 (56) Ссылки: ЕР 124226 А_2, 07.11.1984. ЗИ 1527142 АЛ, 07.12.1989. ЕР 0437059 АД, 17.07.1991. ЕР 0440258 А2, 07.08.1991. 4$ 4288409 А, 08.09.1991. (98) Адрес для переписки: 103064, Москва, ул. Казакова, 16, НИИР Канцелярия "Патентные поверенные Квашнин, Сапельников и партнеры", пат.пов. В.П.Квашнину (71) Заявитель: ХАЛЬДОР ТОПСЕЭ А/С (ОК) (72) Изобретатель: РОСТРАП-НЕЛЬСЭН Дженс (ОК), КРИСТЕНСЭН Петэр Сьер (ОК), ХАНСЭН Вигго Лукассэн (ОК) (73) Патентообладатель: ХАЛЬДОР ТОПСЕЭ А/С (ОК) (74) Патентный поверенный: Квашнин Валерий Павлович (54) СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА (57) Изобретение относится к технологии получения синтез-газа, в частности к способу и устройству. Способ получения синтез-газа паровым риформингом горячего углеводородного сырья в обогреваемом трубчатом реакторе В присутствии катализатора на носителе, выполненного в виде тонкого слоя на стенке трубчатого реактора, С последующим ОТВОДОМ синтез- ...

Radiation shield

A radiation shield and an assembly and a reactor including the radiation shield are disclosed. The radiation shield can be used to control heat flux from a susceptor heater assembly and thereby enable better control of temperatures across a surface of a substrate placed on a surface of the susceptor heater assembly.

Reactor for Oxygen-free Direct Conversion of Methane and Method for Preparing Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Ethylene Using the Same

본 발명은 메탄의 비산화 직접전환 반응기 및 이를 이용한 에틸렌 및 방향족 화합물의 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 메탄으로부터 에틸렌 및 방향족 화합물의 제조에 있어서, 촉매 반응 속도를 극대화하는 동시에 코크스(cokes) 생성을 최소화하고, 메탄의 높은 전환율과 에틸렌 및 방향족 화합물의 높은 수율을 제공할 수 있는 메탄의 비산화 직접전환 반응기 및 이를 이용한 에틸렌 및 방향족 화합물의 제조방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a non-oxidation direct conversion reactor of methane and a method for producing ethylene and aromatic compounds using the same, and more particularly, in the production of ethylene and aromatic compounds from methane, while maximizing the catalytic reaction rate and coke (cokes) The present invention relates to a direct conversion reactor for non-oxidation of methane capable of minimizing formation and providing a high conversion rate of methane and a high yield of ethylene and aromatic compounds, and a method for producing ethylene and aromatic compounds using the same.

Oxygen storage and catalytic alkane conversion

The inventing relates to hydrocarbon conversion, and more particularly to catalytically converting alkane in the presence of oxygen released from an oxygen storage material. Conversion products include C 2 hydrocarbon, such as C 2+ olefin. The hydrocarbon conversion process can be an oxidative coupling reaction, which refers to the catalytic conversion of methane in the presence of oxidant to produce the olefin product. Flow-through reactors can be used to carry out oxygen storage and the oxidative coupling reaction. Reverse-flow reactors are examples of flow-through reactors, which can be used to carry out oxygen storage and the oxidative coupling reaction.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CATALYTIC GAS-PHASE REACTIONS, AND ALSO THEIR APPLICATION

1. Реактор для каталитических экзотермических газофазных реакций конверсии сырьевого газа в продуктовый газ, включающий в направлении потока сырьевого газа входную зону (1), реакционную зону (2), содержащую по меньшей мере один катализатор (4), и зону выхода (3) продуктового газа, где сырьевая газовая смесь вводится во входную зону (1), в области входной зоны (1) или в области входной зоны (1) и реакционной зоны (2) предусмотрена по меньшей мере одна изолирующая оболочка (6), которая изолирует внутренний объем реактора от реакторной рубашки (5) на высоте входной зоны (1) или на высоте входной зоны (1) и реакционной зоны (2), и/или где предусмотрено по меньшей мере одно устройство для проведения охлаждающей среды в область входной зоны (1) или в область входной зоны (1) и реакционной зоны (2), причем эти средства снижают теплоперенос из реакционной зоны (2) во входную зону (1), и/или причем внутренние стенки реактора в области входной зоны (1) или в области входной зоны (1) и реакционной зоны (2) состоят из инертного материала. ! 2. Реактор по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в области входной зоны (1) и реакционной зоны (2) предусмотрены средства для снижения теплопереноса из реакционной зоны (2) во входную зону (1). ! 3. Реактор по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в области входной зоны (1) или в области входной зоны (1) и реакционной зоны (2) предусмотрены средства, которые уменьшают теплоперенос из реакционной зоны (2) во входную зону (1), и тем, что внутренние стенки реактора в области входной зоны (1) или в области входной зоны (1) и реакционной зоны (2) состоят из инертного материала. ! 4. Реактор по п.1, отличающийся тем, что устройство для проведения охлаждающей среды находи РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) 2009 149 317 (13) A (51) МПК B01J 8/00 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ, ПАТЕНТАМ И ТОВАРНЫМ ЗНАКАМ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2009149317/05, 28.05.2008 (71) Заявитель(и): УДЕ ГМБХ (DE) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный ...

The method producing high purity granular silicon

本发明公开了一种生产高纯颗粒硅的方法，是200910149144.2生产高纯颗粒硅的反应器和方法的分案。该方法包括：a.形成高纯粒状硅床层；b.加热高纯粒状硅床层，使其温度为100℃－1400℃；c.使高纯粒状硅床层中粒状硅处于相对运动状态；d.通入辅助气体和原料气体，所产反应尾气排出；e.对生产得到的高纯颗粒硅进行收集或输送到下一工艺单元。本发明使用处于运动状态的密集堆积的高纯粒状硅床层，避免了粒状硅之间的粘结，减小了反应器体积，并且通过密集堆积的高纯粒状硅床层捕获反应尾气中的高纯粉末硅作为种子，还利用反应尾气的余热为补充的粒状硅加热，实现了超大型、高效、节能、连续、低成本生产高纯颗粒硅。

Device with a jacket tube, in which one or more built-in elements, which consist of several parallel to the axis of the jacket tube, touching flat layers

Rigid membrane fluid treatment module

A fluid treatment module, particularly for treating ultra-pure fluids by separation or catalytic treatment having at least one treatment membrane in a porous sintered material comprises a rigid tube casing, a rigid compression plate at one or each end thereof having a coating compatible with the fluid(s) to be treated and at least one compensating plate able to slide on the coating, the dimensions and thickness of the compensating plate being set to ensure the module remains sealed over a complete temperature range at which the module is designed to operate.

Synthesis gas production by steam reforming using catalyzed hardware

一种在管式反应器中载有蒸汽重整催化剂的情况下，通过烃原料蒸汽重整，生产富氢和一氧化碳的气体的方法，该方法(a)让预重整的烃工艺气体通过在反应器内壁上载有蒸汽重整催化剂薄膜并被燃料燃烧加热的管式反应器，由此获得部分蒸汽重整气流和热烟气；(b)让管式反应器的流出物通过具有蒸汽重整催化剂的固定床反应器；和(c)从固定床反应器排出富一氧化碳和氢的产品气。本发明的方法，其中还包括在步骤(a)前的步骤：让预重整的烃工艺气体通过在反应器内壁上载有蒸汽重整催化剂薄膜的管式反应器，该反应器能与来自随后的步骤(a)的热烟气进行热交换。

Thermally enhanced compact reformer

천연 가스 개질기(10)는 촉매판(14)으로 산재된 열 도전 판(12) 더미로 이루어지며 반응물용 내부 또는 외부 분기관이 제공된다. 촉매판은 온도가 열 도전 판의 온도를 탐지하도록 상기 도전 판과 열 접촉하며, 판 평면의 등온 상태를 달성하기 위해 구성될 수 있다. 하나 이상의 촉매가 사용될 수 있으며, 다양한 작업 실시예에서 열 도전판에 평면으로 흐름 방향을 따라 분포되어 있다. 개질기는 스팀 개질기 또는 부분 산화 개질기로 사용될 수 있다. 스팀 개질기로 작동될 때, (흡열) 스팀 개질 반응용 열 에너지는 복사 또는 전도에 의해 열 도전판에 외부로 제공된다. 이는 이산화 탄소, 수소, 스팀 및 이산화 탄소를 제조한다. 부분 산화 개질기로 작동할 때, 천연 가스의 분율은 연소 촉매 및 개질 촉매의 존재하에 협력하여 산화된다. 이는 이산화 탄소, 수소, 스팀, 및 이산화 탄소를 제조한다. 촉매 판과 도전성 판 사이의 열 접촉으로 인해, 적층 조립체 내에 더 이상의 온도 산승은 없다. 판 구성에 대한 상세 부분은 반응물을 도입시키고 예열하여 배출시키도록 하나 이상의 입구 및 출구 포오트를 제공하는 다양한 분기관을 수용하기 위해 변화될 수 있다.

Patent JPS55144528U

Hydrogen generator and hydrogenation apparatus

本发明的目的在于提高脱氢反应或氢化反应的效率。本发明的氢发生装置是在催化剂的存在下，通过有机氢化物的脱氢反应产生氢的装置，该装置具有多管结构的反应器(10)，该反应器(10)具备下述两个区域，即供给用于产生脱氢反应所必须的热的燃料、具有该燃料的燃烧所利用的燃烧催化剂的区域(12)；和具有脱氢反应所必须的脱氢催化剂的区域(11)；这两个区域以壁为间隔，在直径方向上相邻。本发明的氢化反应装置是在催化剂的存在下，通过不饱和烃和氢的氢化反应合成有机氢化物的装置，该装置具有多管结构的反应器(10)，该反应器(10)具备下述两个区域，即除去氢化反应中产生的热的区域(12)；和具有氢化反应所必须的氢化催化剂的区域(11)，这两个区域以壁为间隔，在直径方向上相邻。

Continuous reaction apparatus for adhering treating gas to solid

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

METHOD FOR APPLYING ON MONOLITHIC BASIS OF COATING FROM THE COMPONENT OF THE CATALYST

1. Каталитическая монолитная основа фильтра с протеканием через стенки, на впускные каналы которой производителем монолитной основы фильтра с протеканием через стенки предварительно нанесен поверхностный мембранный слой, содержащий высокодисперсные огнеупорные твердотельные частицы, в которой выпускные каналы содержат пористое оксидное каталитическое покрытие с, по существу, равномерным в осевом направлении профилем, причем загрузка материала пористого оксидного каталитического покрытия в половине каталитической монолитной основы фильтра с протеканием через стенки в верхнем течении в осевом направлении составляет 10% от загрузки материала пористого оксидного каталитического покрытия в половине монолитной основы в нижнем течении в осевом направлении.2. Каталитическая монолитная основа фильтра с протеканием через стенки по п. 1, в которой пористость монолитной основы фильтра с протеканием через стенки перед нанесением покрытия составляет от 40 до 80%.3. Каталитическая монолитная основа фильтра с протеканием через стенки по п. 2, в которой средний объем пор монолитной основы фильтра с протеканием через стенки перед нанесением покрытия составляет от 8 до 45 мкм.4. Каталитическая монолитная основа фильтра с протеканием через стенки по п. 3, в которой пористое оксидное каталитическое покрытие представляет собой ловушку NO, каталитический сажевый фильтр с пористым оксидным покрытием, содержащим поддерживаемый металл платиновой группы, или NH-SCR катализатор.5. Каталитическая монолитная основа фильтра с протеканием через стенки по п. 4, в которой NH-SCR катализатор содержит цеолит с замещением переходным металлом.6. РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (51) МПК B01J 37/02 (11) (13) 2014 151 995 A (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2014151995/04, 04.01.2011 (71) Заявитель(и): ДЖОНСОН МЭТТИ ПЛС (GB) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (43) Дата публикации заявки: 27.06.2015 Бюл. № 18 (72) Автор(ы): ...

High-temperature impact heating for thermochemical reactions

하나 이상의 반응물이 제1 기간 동안 반응기에서 가열 요소와 열 접촉하도록 흐른다. 가열 사이클의 제1 부분 동안, 하나 이상의 열화학 반응이 개시되도록 가열 요소로 가열함으로써 하나 이상의 반응물에 제1 온도가 제공된다. 상기 하나 이상의 열화학 반응은 열분해, 열발산, 합성, 수소화, 탈수소화, 가수소분해, 또는 이들의 임의의 조합을 포함한다. 제1 가열 요소는 줄 가열에 의해 작동하고 기체가 통과할 수 있도록 하는 다공성 구조를 갖는다. 상기 가열 사이클의 제2 부분 동안, 하나 이상의 반응물은 예를 들어 가열 요소의 전원을 차단함으로써 제1 온도보다 낮은 제2 온도로 제공된다. 제1 기간의 지속 시간은 5초 미만인 가열 사이클의 지속 시간 이상이다.

Porous graft copolymer particle, its manufacture method and use its sorbing material

本发明提供一种能够以高导入量导入吸附金属等的吸附性官能团的接枝共聚物、其制造方法以及使用该接枝共聚物的吸附材料。(1)本发明的多孔接枝共聚物粒子在多孔粒子(粒子表面具有平均孔径为0.01μm～50μm的微孔)上导入了接枝链，所述多孔粒子由选自烯烃类树脂、非水溶性改性乙烯醇类树脂、酰胺类树脂、纤维素类树脂、壳聚糖类树脂及(甲基)丙烯酸酯类树脂中至少1种以上树脂(聚合物A)形成的多孔粒子上而形成的多孔接枝共聚物粒子，所述聚合物A为，所述多孔粒子在其表面。(2)本发明的多孔接枝共聚物粒子的制造方法包括：将聚合物A与不同于聚合物A的聚合物B进行熔融混合而得到复合体的工序I、从所述复合体中提取出聚合物B而获得由聚合物A形成的多孔体的工序II、对多孔体进行粒子化的工序III、以及在粒子化的多孔体上进行接枝链的导入的工序IV。(3)本发明的吸附材料由多孔接枝共聚物粒子形成。

Oxidant injection method

본 발명은 점화 지역 및 배출 지역을 포함하는 로에서, 세가지 산화제 및 연료를 연소시키는 방법에 관한 것으로, 연료를 점화 지역에 도입하는 단계; 제 1의 산화제를 점화 지역에 도입하는 단계; 제 2의 산화제를 점화 지역에 도입하는 단계; 및 제 3의 산화제를 배출 지역에 도입하는 단계를 포함하며, 제 1의 산화제를 도입하는 단계 동안, 제 2의 산화제를 도입하는 단계 및 제 3의 산화제를 도입하는 단계가 수행되는 방법에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a method for combusting three oxidants and fuel in a furnace comprising an ignition zone and an exhaust zone, the method comprising: introducing fuel into an ignition zone; Introducing a first oxidant into the ignition zone; Introducing a second oxidant into the ignition zone; And introducing a third oxidant into the discharge zone, wherein during the step of introducing the first oxidant, the step of introducing the second oxidant and introducing the third oxidant are performed. .

Method of applying coating from catalyst component on monolythic base

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method and device for application of coating from liquid, containing catalyst component, on monolithic base with cellular structure, containing multitude of channels. Method includes the following stages at which: monolithic base with cellular structure is held in fact in vertical position; specified volume of liquid is introduced into base through open ends of channels on the lower base end; introduced liquid is retained inside base in hermetic way; base, containing retained liquid, is turned over and vacuum is applied to open ends of base channels on turned, lower base end to extend liquid along base channels. Invention also relates to catalytic monolithic base of filter with leaking through walls, on input channels of which preliminarily applied is superficial membranous layer, containing highly disperse fireproof solid-body particles, in which input channels contain porous oxide catalytic coating with in fact uniform in axial direction profile, said catalytic monolithic base of filter with leaking through walls can be manufactured by method by any of items 1-4. EFFECT: obtaining catalytic filter, which has higher capability of NH 3 accumulation, which is important for promotion of NO x conversion at low temperature. 18 cl, 1 tbl, 13 dwg, 5 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК B01J 37/02 B01J 37/04 B05D 7/22 B28B 11/04 F01N 3/20 (13) 2 541 575 C2 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2012133433/04, 04.01.2011 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 04.01.2011 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.02.2014 Бюл. № 5 (45) Опубликовано: 20.02.2015 Бюл. № 5 (73) Патентообладатель(и): ДЖОНСОН МЭТТИ ПЛС (GB) 5422138 А1, 06.06.1995 . RU 2164442 С1, 27.03.2001 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 06.08.2012 (86) Заявка PCT: 2 5 ...

Shell and tube oxidation reactor with improved resistance to fouling

본 개시 내용은 단일 셸 개방형 단간 반응기("SSOI")에 관한 것이다. 본 SSOI는 제1 반응단, 단간 열 교환기, 개방형 단간 영역 및 제2 반응단을 포함한다. SSOI는 상향류 또는 하향류 작동을 위해 구성될 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라, SSOI의 개방형 단간 영역은 보충적 산화제 공급물을 포함할 수 있다. 개방형 단간 영역이 보충적 산화제 공급물을 포함할 때, SSOI는 보충적 산화제 혼합 조립체를 추가로 포함할 수 있다. 프로필렌의 산화를 통하여 아크릴산을 제조하는 방법도 또한 개시되어 있다. The present disclosure relates to a single shell open interstage reactor (“SSOI”). This SSOI includes a first reaction stage, an interstage heat exchanger, an open interstage region and a second reaction stage. SSOI can be configured for upstream or downstream operation. In addition, the open interstitial region of SSOI can include a supplemental oxidant feed. When the open interstitial region comprises a supplemental oxidant feed, the SSOI can further include a supplemental oxidant mixing assembly. A method of producing acrylic acid through oxidation of propylene is also disclosed.

Fuel tank inerting pre-flock device assembly, device and application method

公开了油箱惰化预滤器组件，油箱惰化预滤器装置，以及处理流体特别是用在油箱惰化系统中的过程流体的方法。

Patent JPS6330062B2

Deposited film forming device by cvd method

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた め要約のデータは記録されません。

Method of coating a monolith substrate with catalyst component

用包含催化剂组分的液体涂覆包括多个通道的蜂窝状整体式基材的方法包括以下步骤：（i）基本竖直地固持蜂窝状整体式基材；（ii）经由在所述基材的下端的所述通道的开放末端向所述基材引入预定体积的所述液体；（iii）将所引入的液体密封地保留在所述基材内；（iv）使含有所保留的液体的所述基材反转；和（v）对在所述基材的反转下端的所述基材的通道的开放末端施用真空以沿所述基材的通道吸出所述液体。

Aqueous oil emulsion and process for their preparation and their use

Method and apparatus for treating exhaust gases from CVD, PECVD or plasma etch reactors

A method and apparatus for removing gas species which can be deposited thermally from a semiconductor process exhaust gas is provided. To treat the exhaust gas, an exhaust gas reactor comprising an artificial substrate which is heated is used. The artificial substrate is a structure upon which high temperature chemical vapor deposition (HTCVD) reaction product is deposited. In particular, the HTCVD reaction product is deposited by contacting the exhaust gas with the heated artificial substrate.

Patent RU2014151995A3

7 ВУ“? 2014151995” АЗ Дата публикации: 16.07.2018 Форма № 18 ИЗ,ПМ-2011 Федеральная служба по интеллектуальной собственности Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение 9 «Федеральный институт промышленной собственности» (ФИПС) ОТЧЕТ О ПОИСКЕ 1. . ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИЯ ЗАЯВКИ Регистрационный номер Дата подачи 2014151995/04(083202) 04.01.2011 Приоритет установлен по дате: [ ] подачи заявки [ ] поступления дополнительных материалов от к ранее поданной заявке № [Х] приоритета 04.01.2011 по первоначальной заявке № 2012133433 из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи первоначальной заявки № из которой данная заявка выделена [ ] подачи ранее поданной заявки № [Х] подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) в государстве-участнике Парижской конвенции (31) Номер первой(ых) заявки(ок) (32) Дата подачи первой(ых) заявки(ок) (33) Код страны 1. 1000019.8 04.01.2010 СВ Название изобретения (полезной модели): [Х] - как заявлено; [ ] - уточненное (см. Примечания) СПОСОБ НАНЕСЕНИЯ НА МОНОЛИТНУЮ ОСНОВУ ПОКРЫТИЯ ИЗ КОМПОНЕНТА КАТАЛИЗАТОРА Заявитель: ДЖОНСОН МЭТТИ ПЛС, ОВ 2. ЕДИНСТВО ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ [Х] соблюдено [ ] не соблюдено. Пояснения: см. Примечания 3. ФОРМУЛА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ: [Х] приняты во внимание все пункты (см. П см. Примечания [ ] приняты во внимание следующие пункты: [ ] принята во внимание измененная формула изобретения (см. Примечания) 4. КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ОБЪЕКТА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ (ПОЛЕЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ) (Указываются индексы МПК и индикатор текущей версии) ВО1.] 35/04 (2006.01) ВО1.] 37/02 (2006.01) ВО05Ш 7/22 (2006.01) ВОТО 53/94 (2006.01) ЕОЛМ 3/20 (2006.01) 5. ОБЛАСТЬ ПОИСКА 5.1 Проверенный минимум документации РСТ (указывается индексами МПК) ВО13 35/04, ВО11 37/02, ВОО 7/22, ВОТО 53/94, КОМ 3/20 5.2 Другая проверенная документация в той мере, в какой она включена в поисковые подборки: 5.3 Электронные базы данных, использованные при поиске (название базы, и если, возможно, поисковые термины): Езрасепеё, боозе, РаБеагсв, КОРТО 6 ДОКУМЕНТЫ, ОТНОСЯЩИЕСЯ К ПРЕДМЕТУ ПОИСКА Кате- Наименование документа с ...