СПОСОБ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ТЯЖЕЛОЙ НЕФТИ И БИТУМА

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу переработки тяжелой нефти или битума с получением синтетических углеводородных продуктов, включающему: (а) обеспечение источника исходного сырья, содержащего тяжелую нефть или битум, (б) обработку указанного исходного сырья с образованием одной или большего количества перегнанных фракций и неперегоняемой низшей фракции, (в) подачу указанной низшей фракции в контур получения сингаза для получения потока сингаза, обедненного водородом, за счет реакции некаталитического частичного окисления, при этом в упомянутом потоке сингаза, обедненного водородом, отношение Н:СО составляет от приблизительно 0,5:1 до приблизительно 1:1, и взаимодействие указанного сингаза в реакторе Фишера-Тропша с синтезированием углеводородных продуктов, (г) добавление внешнего источника водорода к указанному обедненному водородом сингазу для оптимизации синтеза упомянутых синтетических углеводородных продуктов, по меньшей мере один из которых представляет собой синтетическое ...

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА БИОУГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ПУТЕМ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА ИЗОПАРАФИНОВ

Изобретение относится к способу производства биоуглеводородов. Способ производства биоуглеводородов включает в себя: стадию обеспечения изомерного сырьевого материала, полученного из биологически возобновляемого сырья и содержащего С10-С20-углеводороды в количестве более 50% по массе, предпочтительно не менее 75% по массе, более предпочтительно не менее 90% по массе, причем содержание С10-С20-углеводородов с четным числом атомов в углеродной цепи предпочтительно более 50% по массе, и ароматические соединения в количестве не более 1,0% по массе, предпочтительно не более 0,5% по массе, более предпочтительно не более 0,2% по массе, и олефины в количестве менее 2,0% по массе, предпочтительно не более 1,0% по массе, более предпочтительно не более 0,5% по массе, и стадию крекинга, на которой выполняют термический крекинг изомерного сырьевого материала для получения биоуглеводородов, причем термический крекинг на стадии крекинга проводят при температуре на выходе из змеевика (ТВЗ) не выше 825° ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТА С УМЕНЬШЕННЫМ СОДЕРЖАНИЕМ СЕРЫ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

... 1. Способ получения продукта с уменьшенным содержанием серы из исходного материала, который включает в себя содержащие серу органические загрязнения и содержит нормально жидкую смесь углеводородов, которая включает в себя олефины, причем способ предусматривает (a) введение в контакт исходного материала с катализатором модификации олефина по меньшей мере в одной зоне реакции модификации олефина при условиях, которые позволяют получать продукт, имеющий бромное число ниже, чем в исходном материале, причем продукт содержит рефракционные соединения серы; (b) фракционирование продукта из указанный зоны реакции модификации олефина с получением (i) первой фракции, которая включает в себя содержащие серу органические загрязнения и имеет конечную температуру перегонки менее чем ориентировочно 140°С; (ii) второй фракции с более высокой температурой кипения, чем первая фракция, включающей в себя содержащие серу органические загрязнения и имеет конечную температуру перегонки менее чем ориентировочно ...

INTEGRATED PROCEDURE FOR THE DESULPHURISATION OF A DISCHARGE OF THE CRACKEN OR DAMPFCRACKEN OF HYDROCARBONS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DESULPHURISED GASOLINE FROM A CRACKBENZIN CONTAINING GASOLINE

Sulfur removal process

PARAFFIN ALKYLATION PROCESS

A process for the alkylation of isobutane is disclosed wherein isobutane is fed to two separate alkylation systems. The effluent from the first alkylation system is fed to an interim debutanizer where the C4's are separated from the alkylate product. The overhead C4 product is then fed to the second alkylation system to provide the isobutane. The effluent from the second alkylation system is fed to a traditional deisobutanizer to prevent any build up of normal butanes in the system.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING LOW SULFUR GASOLINE COMPRISING A HYDROGENATION, FRACTIONATION, A STEP AND A DESULFURIZING SULFUR COMPOUNDS

PROCESS OF DESULPHURIZATION Of an EFFLUENT OF CRACKING, OR STEEMCRAQUAGE OUCOKING

PROCESS OF OLEFINIC GASOLINE DESULPHURIZATION

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'essence à faible teneur en soufre et à teneur en oléfines contrôlée, comprenant une étape d'oligomérisation d'une charge oléfinique (étape i), une étape (ii) consistant à mélanger l'essence oléfinique ramifiée produite à l'étape (i) à une essence riche en soufre et en oléfines, une étape (iii) d'hydrodésulfuration de ce mélange et la séparation de l'H2S formé (étape iv).

PROCESS FOR TREATING BY?PRODUCT HEAVY FRACTIONS FORMED IN THE PRODUCTION OF OLEFINS

통합된 수포 모양층 수소화분해 유닛과 코킹 유닛

... 증류액 탄화수소 및 코크의 생산을 위한 통합된 공정 및 시스템. 상기 공정은 잔류물 탄화수소 분획을 포함하는 탄화수소 공급원료를 잔류물 수소화분해 반응기 시스템에 공급하여, 거기서 탄화수소를 전환시키고, 수소화분해된 유출액을 생산하는 단계를 포함할 수 있다. 이어서, 수소화분해된 유출액은 분리 시스템에 공급되어, 상기 수소화분해된 유출액을 하나 이상의 증류액 탄화수소 분획 및 진공 잔류물 분획으로 분리시킬 수 있다. 진공 잔류물 분획은 코커 시스템에 공급되어, 상기 진공 잔류물 분획을 코커 생성물 및 코커 증기 유출액으로 전환시키고, 코커 생성물을 회수하고, 코커 증기 유출액을 분리 시스템에 공급할 수 있다. 하나 이상의 증류액 탄화수소 분획은 수소처리되어 수소처리된 유출액을 생산하고, 수소처리된 유출액은 생성물 증류액 탄화수소 분획으로 분리된다.

PROCESS OF GASOLINE PRODUCTION WITH LOW TEXT IN SULPHUR

processo de produÇço de gasolina com baixo teor em enxofre.

Preparation of alkylation feed

СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОГО СЫРЬЯ, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ВОДОРОД И УГЛЕВОДОРОДЫ C1-C4

Изобретение относится к способу обработки углеводородного сырья, содержащего водород и углеводороды, в том числе углеводороды C-C, в котором: a) разделяют углеводородное сырье на газовую фазу (6), содержащую в основном водород, и жидкую фазу (4), содержащую углеводороды; b) осуществляют первый этап повторного контактирования сначала газовой фазы, полученной на этапе a)с рециркулирующим газовым потоком (23), полученным на этапе e), чтобы извлечь газ (10), который контактирует с жидкой фазой (4), полученной на этапе a), при температуре меньше или равной 55°C; c) разделяют поток с повторного контактирования на этапе b) на газовую фазу (15), обогащенную водородом, и жидкую фазу (16); d) осуществляют второй этап повторного контактирования жидкой фазы (16), выходящей с этапа c), с газовой фазой (21), выходящей с этапа g), при температуре меньше или равной 55°C; e) разделяют поток с повторного контактирования на этапе d) на газовую фазу (23), которую возвращают на этап b), и жидкую фазу (24), ...

СПОСОБ АЛКИЛИРОВАНИЯ ПАРАФИНОВ

... 1. Способ алкилирования изобутана олефином, включающий первую и вторую систему алкилирования, в которой выходящий поток из первой системы алкилирования подают в дебутанизатор для получения дистиллята и первого продукта алкилирования и в которой дистиллят подают во вторую систему алкилирования. ! 2. Способ алкилирования изобутана олефином, включающий: ! (a) подачу первого потока, содержащего изобутан, и второго потока, содержащего олефин, в первую систему алкилирования, где часть изобутана реагирует с частью олефина с получением выходящего потока, включающего разбавленный поток алкилата; ! (b) подачу выходящего потока из первой системы алкилирования в дебутанизатор, где C4 удаляют в качестве первых дистиллятов и первый продукт алкилирования удаляют в качестве первых кубовых остатков; ! (c) подача первых дистиллятов и третьего потока, содержащего изобутан, во вторую систему алкилирования, в которой изобутан реагирует с C4 олефинами в указанных первых дистиллятах с образованием второго продукта ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ СМЕСЕЙ С ВЫСОКИМ ОКТАНОВЫМ ЧИСЛОМ ПУТЕМ ГИДРОГЕНИЗАЦИИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ СМЕСЕЙ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ФРАКЦИИ РАЗВЕТВЛЕННЫХ ОЛЕФИНОВ

... 1. Способ получения углеводородных смесей с высоким октановым числом путем гидрогенизации углеводородных смесей, содержащих фракции разветвленных олефинов С8, C12 и C16, отличающийся подачей указанных смесей, как таковых или фракционированных на два потока, один по существу содержащий фракцию разветвленных олефинов С8, а другой по существу содержащий фракции разветвленных олефинов C12 и C16, в одну зону гидрогенизации или в две параллельно расположенные зоны гидрогенизации, соответственно, при этом только поток, по существу содержащий насыщенные углеводороды С8, полученные фракционированием потока, производимого в одной зоне гидрогенизации или полученного из зоны гидрогенизации, питаемой фракционированным потоком, по существу содержащим фракцию разветвленных олефинов C8, по меньшей мере частично возвращают рециклом в одну зону гидрогенизации или в зону гидрогенизации, в которую подают фракционированный поток, по существу содержащий фракцию разветвленных олефинов C8, и углеводородную смесь ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БАЗОВОГО МАСЛА

... 1. Способ получения разветвленных насыщенных углеводородов, отличающийся тем, что на первой стадии сырье, содержащее, по меньшей мере, одну жирную кислоту, этерифицируют, по меньшей мере, одним жирным спиртом с получением сложных эфиров, на второй стадии полученные сложные эфиры гидрируют до жирных спиртов, на третьей стадии полученные жирные спирты дегидратируют до альфа-олефинов, на четвертой стадии альфа-олефины олигомеризуют в олигомеры, а на пятой стадии олигомеры гидрируют. ! 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что общее количество атомов углерода в жирной кислоте составляет от 8 до 26, предпочтительно, от 12 до 20. ! 3. Способ по пп.1 и 2, отличающийся тем, что сырье производят из биологического сырья. ! 4. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что на первой стадии, по меньшей мере, одну жирную кислоту этерифицируют под давлением 0-0,1 МПа и при температуре 120-320°С вместе с 1-2-кратным молярным избытком жирного спирта, общее количества атомов углерода в котором составляет от 8 до 26 ...

Способ переработки жидких продуктов пиролиза углеводородов

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON BENZIN MIT NIEDRIGEM SCHWEFELGEHALT

Method for direct conversion of a feedstock comprising C4/C5 olefins for producing propylene with co-production of gasoline

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GASOLINE WITH LOW SULPHUR CONTENT

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GASOLINE WITH LOW SULPHUR CONTENT

FUEL AND BASE OIL BLENDSTOCKS FROM A SINGLE FEEDSTOCK

A method comprising providing a fatty acyl mixture comprising: (i) a C10-C16 acyl carbon atom chain content of at least 30 wt. % wherein at least 80% of the C10-C16 acyl carbon atom chains are saturated; and (ii) a C18-C22 acyl carbon atom chain content of at least 20 wt. % wherein at least 50% of the acyl C18-C22 carbon atom chains contain at least one double bond; hydrolyzing the mixture to yield a quantity of C10-C16 saturated fatty acids and C18-C22 unsaturated fatty acids; oligomerizing at least some of the C18-C22 unsaturated fatty acids to yield a quantity of C36+ fatty acid oligomers; hydrotreating at least some of the C10-C16 saturated fatty acids and at least some of the C36+fatty acid oligomers to yield a quantity of diesel fuel blendstock and C36+ alkanes; and separating at least some of the diesel fuel blendstock from the C36+ alkanes.

FUEL AND BASE OIL BLENDSTOCKS FROM A SINGLE FEEDSTOCK

A method comprising the steps of providing a fatty acyl mixture comprising: (i) a C10-C16 acyl carbon atom chain content of at least 30 wt. % wherein at least 80% of the C10-C16 acyl carbon atom chains are saturated; and (ii) a C18-C22 acyl carbon atom chain content of at least 20 wt. % wherein at least 50% of the acyl C16-C22 carbon atom chains contain at least one double bond; hydrolyzing at least some of the mixture to yield a quantity of C10-C16 saturated fatty acids and C18-C22 unsaturated fatty acids; oligomerizing at least some of the C18-C22 unsaturated fatty acids to yield a quantity of C36+ fatty acid oligomers; separating at least some of the C10-C16 saturated fatty acids from the C36+ fatty acid oligomers.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING PETROL HAVING A LOW SULPHUR CONTENT

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'essence à faible teneur en soufre comprenant au moins une hydrogénation sélective des dioléfines, éventuellement au moins une étape de transformation, de préférence d'alourdissement, des composés soufrés légers présents dans l'essence, au moins un fractionnement de l'essence obtenue en au moins deux fractions : essence légère et essence lourde, puis éventuellement une étape de transformation, de préférence d'alkylation ou d'adsorption des composés soufrés et un traitement de désulfuration en une étape d'au moins une partie de la fraction lourde.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE PRODUCT WITH REDUCED SULFUR CONTENT FROM LIQUID HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCK (VARIANTS )

PROCESS OF DESULPHURIZATION Of an EFFLUENT OF CRACKING

Desulfurization of charge containing thiophene or thiophenic components

La présente invention concerne un enchaînement d'étapes destinées à désulfurer une essence par exemple de craquage catalytique comportant l'élimination des composés thiophéniques par alkylation de ces composés.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING DESULPHURISED PETROL FROM A PETROLEUM FRACTION CONTAINING CRACKED PETROL

The invention relates to a method for producing low-sulphur petrol from an initial petrol containing sulphur compounds comprising the following steps: a) the selective hydrogenation of the non-aromatic polyunsaturated compounds present in the initial petrol; b) increasing the molecular weight of the light sulphur products that were initially present in the petrol at the beginning of step b); c) the alkylation of at least part of the sulpur compounds present in the product resulting from step b); d) the fractionation of the petrol resulting from step c) into at least two fractions, one of said fractions being practically free of sulphur compounds and the other containing a larger proportion of sulphur compounds (heavy petrol); e) the catalytic treatment of the heavy petrol to transform the sulphur compounds in conditions that allow the, at least partial, decomposition or hydrogenation of said sulphur compounds.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БАЗОВОГО МАСЛА

Изобретение относится к способу получения разветвленных насыщенных углеводородов, характеризующемуся тем, что на первой стадии сырье, содержащее, по меньшей мере, одну жирную кислоту, имеющую общее количество атомов углерода от 8 до 26, этерифицируют, по меньшей мере, одним жирным спиртом, имеющим общее количество углерода от 8 до 26, с получением сложных эфиров, на второй стадии полученные сложные эфиры гидрируют до жирных спиртов, на третьей стадии полученные жирные спирты дегидратируют до альфа-олефинов, на четвертой стадии альфа-олефины олигомеризуют в олигомеры, а на пятой стадии олигомеры гидрируют. Также изобретение относится к полиолефиновому базовому маслу или компоненту базового масла, полученному указанным способом. Настоящее изобретение позволяет получать разветвленные насыщенные углеводороды из возобновляемых источников. 2 н. и 13 з.п. ф-лы, 5 табл., 1 ил.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПРОДУКТА С УМЕНЬШЕННЫМ СОДЕРЖАНИЕМ СЕРЫ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Использование: нефтеперерабатывающая отрасль. Сущность: исходный содержащий олефин углеводородный материал вводят в контакт с катализатором модификации олефина в зоне реакции при условиях, которые позволяют эффективно получать промежуточный продукт, имеющий пониженную степень олефиновой ненасыщенности по сравнению с исходным материалом, измеренную при помощи бромного числа. Промежуточный продукт затем разделяют по меньшей мере на 3 фракции с различной летучестью. Первую фракцию с самой низкой температурой кипения вводят в контакт с катализатором гидродесульфурации в присутствии водорода при условиях, которые позволяют эффективно преобразовывать по меньшей мере часть ее содержащих серу примесей в сероводород. Фракцию с промежуточной температурой кипения вводят в контакт с катализатором избирательной гидроочистки в присутствии водорода, при условиях, которые позволяют эффективно преобразовывать по меньшей мере часть ее содержащих серу примесей в сероводород. Технический результат: повышение ...

СПОСОБ АЛКИЛИРОВАНИЯ ПАРАФИНОВ

Изобретение относится к вариантам аликилирования изобутана олефинами. Один из вариантов предусматривает способ алкилирования изобутана С4 олефином или С4 олефином и, по меньшей мере, одним из С3 или С5 олефином, включающий: (а) подачу изобутана, изопентана и С4 олефина или С4 олефина и, по меньшей мере, одного из С3 или С5 олефина в первую систему алкилирования, где часть изобутана реагирует с частью олефина с получением выходящего потока, включающего разбавленный поток алкилата, содержащего непрореагировавшие компоненты, включая изопентан и изобутан; (b) подачу выходящего потока из первой системы алкилирования в дебутанизатор, где С4 и по меньшей мере часть изопентана удаляют в качестве первых дистиллятов, и первый продукт алкилирования удаляют в качестве первых кубовых остатков; (с) подачу первых дистиллятов и потока, содержащего изобутан, во вторую систему алкилирования, в которой изобутан реагирует с С4 олефинами в указанных первых дистиллятах с образованием второго продукта алкилирования ...

КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АРОМАТИЧЕСКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

... 1. Способ изомеризации ксилолов, включающий: ! (a) введение потока исходного материала, включающего бензол, толуол и C5-C8-алифатические углеводороды, в зону экстракционной перегонки, и отделение потока кубового продукта ароматических углеводородов, включающего бензол и толуол, бокового потока алифатических углеводородов, включающего С7-С8-алифатические углеводороды, и потока верхнего погона алифатических углеводородов, включающего С5-С7-алифатические углеводороды; ! (b) обработку бокового потока алифатических углеводородов, включающего С7-С8-алифатические углеводороды, для образования в значительной степени свободного от растворителя бокового потока алифатических углеводородов, включающего С7-С8-алифатические углеводороды; ! (c) введение водорода в боковой поток в значительной степени свободных от растворителя алифатических углеводородов, включающих C7-C8 алифатические углеводороды, и в неравновесный поток ксилола, включающего контакт неравновесной смеси ксилолов в зоне изомеризации с ...

СПОСОБ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ ТЯЖЕЛОЙ НЕФТИ И БИТУМА

... 1. Способ переработки тяжелой нефти или битума с получением углеводородных субпродуктов, включающий:а) обеспечение источника исходного сырья в виде тяжелой нефти или битума,б) обработку указанного исходного сырья с образованием неперегнанной низшей фракции,в) подачу указанной низшей фракции в контур получения сингаза с образованием потока сингаза, обедненного водородом, за счет реакции некаталитического частичного окисления, и взаимодействие указанного сингаза в реакторе Фишера-Тропша с синтезированием углеводородных субпродуктов,г) добавление источника водорода к указанному обедненному водородом сингазу для оптимизации синтеза углеводородов, но меньшей мере один из которых представляет собой синтетическое нефтяное сырье.2. Способ по п.1, где указанный источник водорода содержит поток сингаза, богатого водородом, полученный в генераторе богатого водородом сингаза.3. Способ по п.2, где указанный генератор богатого водородом сингаза выбираю г из группы, состоящей из установки парового риформинга ...

СПОСОБ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА БИОУГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ ПУТЕМ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО КРЕКИНГА ИЗОПАРАФИНОВ

Method for direct conversion of a feedstock comprising olefins with four and/or five carbo atoms for producing propylene with co-production of gasoline

The invention concerns a method for producing propylene from a C4/C5 olefinic cut (for example steam cracking and/or catalytic cracking), said method including optional selective hydrogenation, selective oligomerization of isobutylenes and oligomeric cracking of n-butylenes. The invention provides for high conversion with a good yield in propylene and maximization of good quality gasoline production.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GASOLINES AND NOZZLE FUEL FROM N-BUTAN

Sulfur removal process

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIO HYDROCARBONS BY THERMALLY CRACKING A BIO-RENEWABLE FEEDSTOCK CONTAINING AT LEAST 65 WT.% ISO-PARAFFINS

The present invention relates to a method of producing biohydrocarbons comprising the steps of (1) providing an isomeric raw material obtained from a bio-renewable feedstock, preferably by deoxygenation, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrotreatment or hydrocracking, and containing at least 65wt.% iso-paraffins, and (2) thermally cracking the isomeric raw material to produce biohydrocarbons at a temperature (coil outlet temperature) of at most 825°C. The biohydrocarbons can further be polymerized to obtain bio-polymers such as polyolefins, polypropylene, polyethylene or copolymers such as polyethylene terephthalate. The invention further relates to biohydrocarbons obtainable by the method.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING DESULPHURISED PETROL FROM A PETROLEUM FRACTION CONTAINING CRACKED PETROL

Production d'essences à faible teneur en soufre à partir d'une essence initiale contenant des composés soufrés comprenant une étape a) d'hydrogénation sélective des composés polyinsaturés non aromatiques présents dans l'essence initiale, une étape b) visant à augmenter le poids moléculaire des produits soufrés légers présents initialement dans l'essence entrant dans cette étape, une étape c) d'alkylation d'au moins une partie des composés soufrés présents dans le produit issu de l'étape b), une étape d) de fractionnement de l'essence issue de l'étape c) en au moins deux fractions, l'une pratiquement dépourvue de composés soufrés, l'autre contenant une proportion plus importante de composés soufrés (essence lourde), une étape e) de traitenent catlytique de l'essence lourde de tranformation des composés soufrés dans des conditions permettant de décomposer ou d'hydrogéner au moins partiellement ces composés soufrés.

PROCESS FOR TREATING BY?PRODUCT HEAVY FRACTIONS FORMED IN THE PRODUCTION OF OLEFINS

desulfurization process olefìnicas gasolines

Method for producing biohydrocarbons

The present invention relates to a method of producing biohydrocarbons which includes providing an isomeric raw material obtained from a bio-renewable feedstock, such as by deoxygenation, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrotreatment or hydrocracking, and containing at least 65 wt. % iso-paraffins, and thermally cracking the isomeric raw material to produce biohydrocarbons at a temperature (coil outlet temperature) of at most 825° C. The biohydrocarbons can further be polymerized to obtain bio-polymers such as polyolefins, polypropylene, polyethylene or copolymers such as polyethylene terephthalate.

КОМПЛЕКСНЫЙ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ АРОМАТИЧЕСКИХ УГЛЕВОДОРОДОВ

Изобретение относится к способу изомеризации ксилолов, включающему: (а) обеспечение потока нафты в зону гидроочистки, в которой поток нафты контактирует с катализатором гидроочистки в условиях гидроочистки для получения обработанного с помощью гидроочистки потока нафты; (b) направление обработанного с помощью гидроочистки потока нафты в зону риформинга, в которой указанная обработанная с помощью гидроочистки нафта контактирует с катализатором риформинга в условиях риформинга для получения потока продукта риформинга, включающего ароматические соединения, и в котором газы и С4-углеводороды и более легкие углеводороды, полученные в зоне риформинга, дают в результате поток продукта риформинга, в значительной степени свободного от газов и С4-углеводородов и более легких углеводородов; и (с) введение потока продукта риформинга и выходящего потока зоны изомеризации, независимо или в виде объединенного потока, в зону фракционирования продуктов риформинга отгонной колонны для получения исходного ...

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Benzinen und Düsentreibstoff aus N-Butan

Conversion of residual oil to gasoline

Heavy, residual hydrocarbons are converted to gasoline and other products by coking and recovering a gas oil fraction, treating this to reduce the nitrogen content below 10 p.p.m., and contacting together with at least 500 preferably at least 2,000 SCF of hydrogen per barrel with an acidic cracking catalyst having hydrogenating characteristics at 350-700 DEG F. and at least 400 p.s.i.g. to convert at least part to gasoline. The feed, e.g. a reduced crude, is subjected to delayed or fluidised coking. The gas oil may be recovered from the product as two fractions, a heavy and a light gas oil. The former may be subjected to conventional thermal or catalytic cracking to obtain gasoline and heavy and light cycle oils. The heavy cycle oil is used as jet fuel or recycled to the cracking while the light cycle oil is added to the light coker gas oil and the combined feed is denitrified. Alternatively a portion of the heavy gas oil may be recycled to the coking step or passed with the light gas oil ...

Process for the production of gasoline components having a high octane number

A gasoline fraction comprising multiple branched C6 and/or C7 paraffins is produced by hydrocracking a hydrocarbon oil boiling in the range 90-570 DEG C., at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of hydrogen over a catalyst comprising a hydrogenation-dehydrogenation component and an acid-acting refractory support, recovering a fraction comprising C6 and/or C7 paraffins (e.g. by fractional distillation), isomerizing this fraction over a catalyst capable of isomerizing n-paraffins to branched paraffins and recovering the multiple-branched C6 and/or C7 paraffin fraction from the isomerized product. Hydrocracking conditions of 260-540 DEG C., 52.5-175 kg/cm.2 gauge, space velocity of 0.5-5 m.3 of oil/hour/m.3 of catalyst and 890-3560 m.3 of hydrogen/m.3 of oil are specified. Hydrocracking catalysts may consist of at least one metal of Groups Ib, Vb, VIB, VIIb and/or VIII and/or at least one oxide and/or sulphide of one or more of these metals supported on a support which contains ...

SULFUR DISTANCE PROCEDURE

Process for removal of sulfur from components for blending of transportation fuels

Process for the manufacture of base oil

Process for heavy oil and bitumen upgrading

A bitumen and heavy oil upgrading process and system is disclosed for the synthesis of hydrocarbons, an example of which is synthetic crude oil (SCO). The process advantageously avoids the waste attributed to residuum and/or petcoke formation which has a dramatic effect on the yield of hydrocarbon material generated. The process integrates Fischer-Tropsch technology with gasification and hydrogen rich gas stream generation. The hydrogen rich gas generation is conveniently effected using singly or in combination a hydrogen source, a hydrogen rich vapour from hydroprocessing and the Fischer-Tropsch process, a steam methane reformer (SMR) and autothermal reformer (ATR) or a combination of SMR/ATR. The feedstock for upgrading is distilled and the bottoms fraction is gasified and converted in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor. A resultant hydrogen lean syngas is then exposed to the hydrogen rich gas stream to optimize the formation of, for example, the synthetic crude oil. The hydrogen lean gas stream ...

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BASE OIL

A feedstock originating from renewable sources is converted to branched a nd saturated hydrocarbons without heteroatoms in the base oils distillation range by converting the fatty acids to olefins, which are subsequently oligo merised.

PARAFFIN ALKYLATION PROCESS

A process for the alkylation of isobutane with an olefin is disclosed wherein isobutane , isopentane and an olefin is fed to two separate alkylation systems. The effluent from the first alkylation system is fed to an interim debutanizer the C4's and at least a portion of the isopentane are separated from the alkylate product. The overhead product is then fed to the second alkylation system to provide the isobutane. The effluent from the second alkylation system is fed to a traditional deisobutanizer to prevent any build up of normal butanes in the system.

PROCEEDED OF PRODUCTION Of GASOLINE LOW SULPHUR CONTENT HAS INCLUDING/UNDERSTANDING UNEETAPE OF TRANSFORMATION OF COMPOSE SULPHURS, a TREATMENT ON CATALYSEURACIDE AND a DESULPHURIZATION

Hydrocarbon conversion system

Electrical insulating oil

INTEGRAL METHOD FOR DESULPHURIZATION OF A HYDROCARBON CRACKING OR STEAM CRACKING EFFLUENT

Hydrodtreating of Fischer-Tropsch derived feeds prior to oligomerization using an ionic liquid catalyst

PROCESS FOR TREATING BY-PRODUCT HEAVY FRACTIONS FORMED IN THE PRODUCTION OF OLEFINES

METHOD FOR PRODUCING LOW-SULPHUR PETROL

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'essence à faible teneur en soufre comprenant au moins une étape de transformation des composés soufrés et/ou en un alourdissement des composés soufrés légers, au moins une étape de traitement en présence d'un catalyseur acide et au moins un traitement de désulfuration d'au moins une partie de l'essence. Le procédé selon l'invention peut également comprendre éventuellement au moins une étape d'hydrogénation sélective des dioléfines et éventuellement au moins un fractionnemenet de l'essence obtenue en au moins deux fractions : essence légère et essence lourde.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING PETROL HAVING A LOW SULPHUR CONTENT

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'essence à faible teneur en soufre comprenant au moins une hydrogénation sélective des dioléfines, éventuellement au moins une étape de transformation, de préférence d'alourdissement, des composés soufrés légers présents dans l'essence, au moins un fractionnement de l'essence obtenue en au moins deux fractions : essence légère et essence lourde, puis éventuellement une étape de transformation, de préférence d'alkylation ou d'adsorption des composés soufrés et un traitement de désulfuration en une étape d'au moins une partie de la fraction lourde.

INTEGRATED METHODS OF PREPARING RENEWABLE CHEMICALS

Isobutene, isoprene, and butadiene are obtained from mixtures of C4 and/or C5 olefins by dehydrogenation. The C4 and/or C5 olefins can be obtained by dehydration of C4 and C5 alcohols, for example, renewable C4 and C5 alcohols prepared from biomass by thermochemical or fermentation processes. Isoprene or butadiene can be polymerized to form polymers such as polyisoprene, polybutadiene, synthetic rubbers such as butyl rubber, etc. in addition, butadiene can be converted to monomers such as methyl methacrylate, adipic acid, adiponitrile, 1,4-butadiene, etc. which can then be polymerized to form nylons, polyesters, polymethylmethacrylate etc.

PROCESS FOR REDUCING BROMINE INDEX OF HYDROCARBON FEEDSTOCKS

... ²²²A process for reducing the Bromine Index of a hydrocarbon feedstock, the ²process comprising the step of contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with a ²catalyst at conversion conditions, wherein the catalyst includes at least one ²molecular sieve and at least one clay, and wherein said catalyst is sufficient ²to reduce more than 50% of the Bromine Index of a hydrocarbon feedstock.² ...

PROCESS OF GASOLINE PRODUCTION WITH LOW TEXT IN SULPHUR

processo para a produção de misturas de hidrocarbonetos com um número de octana elevado

METHOD TO PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY COMPONENTS FROM RENEWABLE RAW MATERIAL

INTEGRATED CRACKING AND METATHESIS PROCESS

An integrated method that comprises a hydrocarbon thermal cracking operation to form at least one olefin product, coupled with dimerization and metathesis operations, the dimerization operation forming additional feed material for the metathesis operation, and the metathesis operation forming additional amounts of olefin product.

Process for upgrading pygas feed by aromatizing non-aromatics to BTX

In accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for producing aromatic compounds from pyrolysis gasoline includes hydrotreating a stream comprising the pyrolysis gasoline, thereby producing a hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream comprising paraffins; aromatizing the hydrotreated pyrolysis gasoline stream comprising paraffins, thereby producing a stream comprising benzene-toluene-xylenes (BTX); and processing the stream comprising BTX in an aromatics recovery complex, thereby producing the aromatic compounds from the pyrolysis gasoline.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ СМЕСЕЙ С ВЫСОКИМ ОКТАНОВЫМ ЧИСЛОМ ПУТЕМ ГИДРОГЕНИЗАЦИИ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ СМЕСЕЙ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ФРАКЦИИ РАЗВЕТВЛЕННЫХ ОЛЕФИНОВ

Способ получения углеводородных смесей с высоким октановым числом путем гидрогенизации углеводородных смесей, содержащих фракции разветвленных олефинов C9, C12 и C16, отличающийся подачей указанных смесей, как таковых или фракционированных на два потока, один, по существу содержащий фракцию разветвленных олефинов C8, а другой, по существу содержащий фракции разветвленных олефинов C12 и C16, в одну зону гидрогенизации или в две параллельно расположенные зоны гидрогенизации соответственно, при этом только поток, по существу содержащий насыщенные углеводороды C8, полученные фракционированием потока, производимого в одной зоне гидрогенизации или полученного из зоны гидрогенизации, питаемой фракционированным потоком, по существу содержащим фракцию разветвленных олефинов С8, по меньшей мере частично возвращают рециклом в одну зону гидрогенизации или в зону гидрогенизации, в которую подают фракционированный поток, по существу содержащий фракцию разветвленных олефинов С8, и углеводородную смесь ...

PROCESS FOR TREATING BY-PRODUCT HEAVY FRACTIONS FORMED IN THE PRODUCTION OF OLEFINES

ELECTRICAL INSULATING OIL

A process for preparing an electrical insulating oil comprising a reaction product having a boiling range of higher than 260.degree.C obtained by treating a hydrocarbon feed at a reaction temperature in the range of 0.degree. to 300.degree.C in liquid phase in the presence of an acid catalyst, said hydrocarbon feed comprising a distillate from a thermal-cracked oil obtained in a thermal cracking process for thermally cracking a petrolic heavy residual oil at a temperature not lower than 400.degree.C and not exceeding 700.degree.C, said distillate consisting mainly of hydrocarbons boiling in the range of 120.degree. to 290.degree.C and said distillate containing at least 30 weight percent of paraffins and at least 10 weight percent of aliphatic olefins, and separating said reaction product from the resulting mixture containing at least said reaction product and unreacted hydrocarbons.

PROCESS OF DESULPHURIZATION Of an EFFLUENT OF CRACKING, OR STEEMCRAQUAGE OR COKING

Desulfurization of charge containing thiophene or thiophenic components

La présente invention concerne un enchaînement d'étapes destinées à désulfurer une essence par exemple de craquage catalytique comportant l'élimination des composés thiophéniques par alkylation de ces composés. Ce procédé particulier permet de ne pas procéder à l'étape d'élimination des composés azotés présents dans les essences à alkyler.

PROCEEDED OF PRODUCTION Of GASOLINE LOW SULPHUR CONTENT HAS INCLUDING/UNDERSTANDING a STAGE OF TRANSFORMATION OF COMPOSE SULPHURS, a TREATMENT ON ACID CATALYST AND a DESULPHURIZATION

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'essence à faible teneur en soufre comprenant au moins une étape de transformation des composés soufrés consistant en une alkylation ou adsorption des composés soufrés et/ ou en un alourdissement des composés soufrés légers, au moins une étape de traitement en présence d'un catalyseur acide et au moins un traitement de désulfuration d'au moins une partie de l'essence. Le procédé selon l'invention peut également comprendre éventuellement au moins une étape d'hydrogénation sélective des dioléfines et éventuellement au moins un fractionnement de l'essence obtenue en au moins deux fractions : essence légère et essence lourde.

Desulfurization of charge containing thiophene or thiophenic components

La présente invention concerne un enchaînement d'étapes destinées à désulfurer une essence par exemple de craquage catalytique comportant l'élimination des composés thiophéniques par alkylation de ces composés. Une élimination de composés azotés est effectuée en amont de l'étape d'alkylation.

Process for reducing bromine index of hydrocarbon feedstocks

A process for reducing the Bromine Index of a hydrocarbon feedstock, the process comprising the step of contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock with a catalyst at conversion conditions, wherein the catalyst includes at least one molecular sieve and at least one clay, and wherein said catalyst is sufficient to reduce more than 50% of the Bromine Index of a hydrocarbon feedstock.

RECOVERY OF DICYCLOPENTADIENE FROM CRACKED PETROLEUM

A process for recovering purified dicyclopentadiene from a C8<+> by-product stream by separating the dicyclopentadiene-containing stream, cracking the dicyclopentadiene contained therein to cyclopentadiene, separating the cyclopentadiene from the other components and dimerizing the cyclopentadiene to a purified dicyclopentadiene.

Sulfur removal process

A product of reduced sulfur content is produced from an olefin-containing hydrocarbon feedstock which includes sulfur-containing impurities. The feedstock is contacted with an olefin-modification catalyst in a reaction zone under conditions which are effective to produce an intermediate product which has a reduced amount of olefinic unsaturation relative to that of the feedstock as measured by bromine number. The intermediate product is then separated into at least three fractions of different volatility, and the lowest boiling first fraction is contacted with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in the presence of hydrogen under conditions which are effective to convert at least a portion of its sulfur-containing impurities to hydrogen sulfide. The intermediate boiling fraction is contacted with a selective hydrotreating catalyst in the presence of hydrogen under conditions which are effective to convert at least a portion of its sulfur-containing impurities to hydrogen sulfide.

Hydrocarbon mixture exhibiting unique branching structure

Provided herein are hydrocarbon mixtures with controlled structure characteristics that address the performance requirements for finished lubricants driven by the stricter environmental and fuel economy regulations. The branching characteristics of the hydrocarbon molecules are controlled to provide a composition that has a unique and superior viscosity-temperature relationship and Noack volatility. An important aspect of the present invention relates to a saturated hydrocarbon mixture with at least 80% of the molecules having an even carbon number, with the branching characteristic of BP/BI in the range≥−0.6037 (Internal alkyl branching)+2.0, where on average at least 0.3 to 1.5 of the internal methyl branches are located more than 4 carbons away from the terminal carbon when analyzed by carbon NMR. The saturated hydrocarbon mixture with such unique branching structure consistently exhibits a stand out performance in the cold crank simulated viscosity (CCS) vs Noack volatility relationship ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYMERS FROM WASTE PLASTIC FEEDSTOCKS

A process for the production of polymers from waste plastics feedstocks includes: providing a hydrocarbon stream A obtained by treatment of a waste plastics feedstock; optionally providing a hydrocarbon stream B; supplying a feed C comprising a fraction of the hydrocarbon stream A and a fraction of the hydrocarbon stream B to a thermal cracker furnace comprising cracking coil(s); performing a thermal cracking operation in the presence of steam to obtain a cracked hydrocarbon stream D; supplying the cracked hydrocarbon stream D to a separation unit; performing a separation operation in the separation unit to obtain a product stream E comprising a monomer; supplying the product stream E to a polymerisation reactor; and performing a polymerisation reaction to obtain an polymer. The process allows for optimisation of the quantity of waste plastic material that finds its way back into a polymer that is produced as outcome of the process.

Process for heavy oil and bitumen upgrading

A bitumen and heavy oil upgrading process and system is disclosed for the synthesis of hydrocarbons, an example of which is synthetic crude oil (SCO). The process advantageously avoids the waste attributed to residuum and/or petcoke formation which has a dramatic effect on the yield of hydrocarbon material generated. The process integrates Fischer-Tropsch technology with gasification and hydrogen rich gas stream generation. The hydrogen rich gas generation is conveniently effected using singly or in combination a hydrogen source, a hydrogen rich vapour from hydroprocessing and the Fischer-Tropsch process, a steam methane reformer (SMR) and autothermal reformer (ATR) or a combination of SMR/ATR. The feedstock for upgrading is distilled and the bottoms fraction is gasified and converted in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor. A resultant hydrogen lean syngas is then exposed to the hydrogen rich gas stream to optimize the formation of, for example, the synthetic crude oil. The hydrogen lean gas stream ...

FUEL AND BASE OIL BLENDSTOCKS FROM A SINGLE FEEDSTOCK

A method comprising the steps of providing a quantity of biologically-derived oil comprising triglycerides; processing the biologically derived oil so as to transesterify at least some of the triglycerides contained therein to yield a quantity of saturated monoesters and unsaturated monoesters; oligomerizing at least some of the unsaturated monoesters to yield a quantity of fatty acid ester oligomers; separating at least some of the saturated monoesters from the fatty acid ester oligomers; and hydrotreating at least some of the fatty acid ester oligomers to yield a quantity of alkanes.

ELECTRICAL INSULATING OIL

Paraffin alkylation process

Desulfurization of charge containing thiophene or thiophenic components

La présente invention concerne un enchaînement d'étapes destinées à désulfurer une essence par exemple de craquage catalytique comportant l'élimination des composés thiophéniques par alkylation de ces composés. Ce procédé particulier permet de ne pas procéder à l'étape d'élimination des composés azotés présents dans les essences à alkyler.

PROCESS OF PRODUCTION Of a GASOLINE DESULFUREE STARTING FROM a CUT GASOLINE CONTAINING OF the GASOLINE OF CONVERSION

Production d'essences à faible teneur en soufre à partir d'une essence initiale contenant des composés soufrés comprenant une étape a) d'hydrogénation sélective des composés polyinsaturés non aromatiques présents dans l'essence initiale, une étape b) visant à augmenter le poids moléculaire des produits soufrés légers présents initialement dans l'essence entrant dans cette étape, une étape c) d'alkylation d'au moins une partie des composés soufrés présents dans le produit issu de l'étape b), une étape d) de fractionnement de l'essence issue de l'étape c) en au moins deux fractions, l'une pratiquement dépourvue de composés soufrés, l'autre contenant une proportion plus importante de composés soufrés (essence lourde), une étape e) de traitement catalytique de l'essence lourde de transformation des composés soufrés dans des conditions permettant de décomposer ou d'hydrogéner au moins partiellement ces composés soufrés.

PROCEEDED OF PRODUCTION Of GASOLINE LOW SULPHUR CONTENT HAS INCLUDING/UNDERSTANDING a HYDROGENATION, a FRACTIONATION, a STAGE OF TRANSFORMATION OF COMPOSE SULPHURS AND a DESULPHURIZATION

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'essence à faible teneur en soufre comprenant au moins une hydrogénation sélective des dioléfines, éventuellement au moins une étape de transformation, de préférence d'alourdissement, des composés soufrés légers présents dans l'essence, au moins un fractionnement de l'essence obtenue en au moins deux fractions : essence légère et essence lourde, puis éventuellement une étape de transformation, de préférence d'alkylation ou d'adsorption des composés soufrés et un traitement de désulfuration en une étape d'au moins une partie de la fraction lourde.

PROCESS FOR DESULPHURIZING OLEFINIC GASOLINE

REMOVAL OF NITROGEN COMPOUNDS FROM FCC DISTILLATE

A method for the removal of nitrogen compounds from FCC feed or from catalytically cracked FCC light cycle oils (or distillates) by using formaldehyde to selectively couple organic heterocyclic nitrogen species in the FCC feed or FCC LCO to form higher boiling coupling products out of the boiling range of FCC LCO fraction. Removal of the nitrogenous compounds improves the operation of subsequent hydrodesulfurization steps needed for the LCO fraction to conform to low sulfur standards. The formaldehyde is preferably used in the form of paraformaldehyde. The reaction between the nitrogenous compounds in the light cycle oil fraction with the formaldehyde is conveniently carried out in the cycle oil pumparound circuit of the FCC main fractionator column.

SULFUR REMOVAL PROCESS

Hydrodtreating of fischer-tropsch derived feeds prior to oligomerization using an ionic liquid catalyst

A process for oligomerizing a Fischer-Tropsch derived feed containing oxygenates which comprises (a) reducing significantly the oxygenates present in the Fischer-Tropsch derived feed by contacting said feed with a hydrotreating catalyst under hydrotreating conditions in a hydrotreating zone (8) and recovering from the hydrotreating zone a Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrotreated feed (10) which contains a significantly reduced amount of oxygenates as compared to the Fischer-Tropsch derived feed and also a significant amount of paraffins; (b) pyrolyzing the Fischer-Tropsch derived hydrotreated feed in a thermal cracking zone (12) under thermal cracking conditions pre-selected to crack the paraffin molecules to form olefins and collecting an olefin-enriched Fischer-Tropsch feed (14) from the thermal cracking zone (14); (c) contacting the olefin-enriched Fischer-Tropsch feed with a Lewis acid ionic liquid catalyst in an oligomerization zone (16) under oligomerization reaction conditions; and ( ...

Hydrodtreating of fischer-tropsch derived feeds prior to oligomerization using an ionic liquid catalyst

PROCESS FOR PREPARING OILS

... 1323105 Treating hydrocarbon oils KUREHA KAGAKU KOGYO KK and JAPAN GASOLINE CO Ltd 11 Dec 1970 [11 Dec 1969 9 Feb 1970 (2)] 59163/70 Heading C5E Oils are prepared from a heavy hydrocarbon fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 160‹ C. and a 75% distill off point not exceeding 450‹ C. by treatment with hydrogen at 40-200‹ C. and 5-300 kg./cm.2 gauge in the presence of a nickel-containing catalyst which has been treated with an organic sulphur compound followed by hydrorefining at 250-450‹ C. and 5-300 kg./cm.2 in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least two of Co, Mo, W and Ni, e.g. on alumina; the hydrorefined material then being subjected to one or. both of the processes (1) and (2): (1) reaction with an olefin at 40-380‹ C. and a pressure not exceeding 150 kg./cm.2 in the presence of a solid acid catalyst; and (2) hydrogenation at 100-400‹ C. and 10- 300 kg./cm.2 in the presence of a solid hydrogenating catalyst. The heavy hydrocarbon ...

PARAFFIN ALKYLATION PROCESS

A process for the alkylation of isobutane is disclosed wherein isobutane is fed to two separate alkylation systems. The effluent from the first alkylati on system is fed to an interim debutanizer where the C4's are separated from th e alkylate product. The overhead C4 product is then fed to the second alkylati on system to provide the isobutane. The effluent from the second alkylation system is fed to a traditional deisobutanizer to prevent any build up of normal butanes in the system.

Fuel and base oil blendstocks from a single feedstock

A method comprising the steps of providing a quantity of biologically-derived oil comprising triglycerides; processing the biologically derived oil so as to transesterify at least some of the triglycerides contained therein to yield a quantity of saturated monoesters and unsaturated monoesters; oligomerizing at least some of the unsaturated monoesters to yield a quantity of fatty acid ester oligomers; separating at least some of the saturated monoesters from the fatty acid ester oligomers; and hydrotreating at least some of the fatty acid ester oligomers to yield a quantity of alkanes.

Fuel and base oil blendstocks from a single feedstock

A method comprising providing a fatty acyl mixture comprising: (i) a C 10 -C 16 acyl carbon atom chain content of at least 30 wt. % wherein at least 80% of the C 10 -C 16 acyl carbon atom chains are saturated; and (ii) a C 18 -C 22 acyl carbon atom chain content of at least 20 wt. % wherein at least 50% of the acyl C 18 -C 22 carbon atom chains contain at least one double bond; hydrolyzing the mixture to yield a quantity of C 10 -C 16 saturated fatty acids and C 18 -C 22 unsaturated fatty acids; oligomerizing at least some of the C 18 -C 22 unsaturated fatty acids to yield a quantity of C 36+ fatty acid oligomers; hydrotreating at least some of the C 10 -C 16 saturated fatty acids and at least some of the C 36+ fatty acid oligomers to yield a quantity of diesel fuel blendstock and C 36+ alkanes; and separating at least some of the diesel fuel blendstock from the C 36+ alkanes.

Selective isomerization and oligomerization of olefin feedstocks for the production of turbine and diesel fuels

A process from converting alcohol feedstock to diesel/turbine fuels.

Hydrocarbon feedstock average molecular weight increase

The invention deals with hydrocarbon feedstock molecular weight increase via olefin oligomerization and/or olefin alkylation onto aromatic rings. Addition of a purification section allows improved unit working time and lower maintenance.

PROCESS FOR CONVERTING A HEAVY FEED USING A CATALYTIC CRACKING UNIT AND A STEP FOR SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION OF THE GASOLINE OBTAINED FROM CATALYTIC CRACKING

The present invention describes a process for converting a heavy feed which is flexible for the production of propylene, gasoline and middle distillate. 1. A process for converting a heavy hydrocarbon feed having great flexibility for the production of propylene , gasoline and middle distillate , carrying out the following steps when the process operates in maxi propylene mode:a) a step for catalytic cracking (FCC) of the heavy cut, producing a C5-220° C. gasoline cut when the FCC is orientated towards the production of gasoline and C5-150° C. when the FCC is orientated towards the production of middle distillate;{'sup': −1', '−1, 'b) a step for selective hydrogenation (SHU) of the gasoline cut obtained from the catalytic cracking unit (FCC), operating under the following conditions: a pressure in the range 0.5 to 5 MPa, a temperature in the range 80° C. to 220° C., with a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) in the range 1 hto 10 h, the liquid hourly space velocity being expressed in litres of feed per litre of catalyst per hour (L/L·h);'}c) a step for separating the gasoline obtained from step b) by distillation (SPLIT) in order to separate two cuts: a light C5-Pf gasoline cut and a heavy Pf-220° C. gasoline cut, the temperature Pf, being the boundary between light gasoline and heavy gasoline, being in the range 50° C. to 150° C., preferably in the range 50° C. to 100° C., and more preferably in the range 50° C. to 80° C.;d) a step for purification (PUR) of the light C5-Pf gasoline obtained from step c) which is intended to reduce the nitrogen to less than 1 ppm by weight, preferably less than 0.2 ppm; temperature in the range 60° C. to 350° C., preferably in the range 100° C. to 300° C., and still more preferably in the range 120° C. to 250° C.;', {'sup': '6', 'pressure in the range 1 to 10 MPa (1 MPa=10Pascal), preferably in the range 2 to 8 MPa, and more preferably in the range 3 to 6 MPa;'}, 'catalysts based on silica-alumina or amorphous aluminosilicate, or ...

Methods for co-production of alkylbenzene and biofuel from natural oils using hydrocracking

Embodiments of methods for the production of linear alkylbenzene and optionally biofuel from a natural oil are provided. A method comprises the step of deoxygenating the natural oils to form paraffins. A first portion of the paraffins is hydrocracked to form a first stream of normal and lightly branched paraffins in the C 9 to C 14 range and a second stream of isoparaffins. The first stream is dehydrogenated to provide mono-olefins. Then, benzene is alkylated with the mono-olefins under alkylation conditions to provide an alkylation effluent comprising alkylbenzenes and benzene. Thereafter, the alkylbenzenes are isolated to provide the alkylbenzene product. Optionally a second portion of the paraffins and the isoparaffins are processed to form biofuel.

High Density Cyclic Fuels Derived From Linear Sesquiterpenes

A method to generate cyclic hydrocarbons from farnesene to increase both the density and net heat of combustion of the product fuels. The high density hydrocarbons produced by this method have applications for missile, UAV, jet, and diesel propulsion.

BASE OIL SYNTHESIS VIA IONIC CATALYST OLIGOMERIZATION AND WATERLESS SEPARATION OF THE OLIGOMERIZATION CATALYST

Described herein is a base oil synthesis via ionic catalyst oligomerization further utilizing a hydrophobic process for removing an ionic catalyst from a reaction mixture with a silica gel composition, specifically a reaction mixture comprising an oligomerization reaction to produce PAO utilizing an ionic catalyst wherein the ionic catalyst is removed post reaction. 1. A hydrophobic process for separating hydrocarbon stream containing oligomerization products from an liquid catalyst post oligomerization reaction comprising (a) reacting a olefin monomer and liquid catalyst in a reactor to form an oligomer , (b) contacting the mixture comprising liquid catalyst and formed oligomer with a silica gel wherein the silica gel is about 1-20 wt % (c) producing a hydrocarbon stream containing oligomer product with some residual liquid catalyst and the silica gel retaining the rest of liquid catalyst.2. The process of wherein the reactor is a continuous stirred vessel.3. The process of wherein the residual liquid catalyst content in the hydrocarbon stream is less than 50 ppm claim 1 , preferably less than 20 ppm claim 1 , most preferably less than 2 ppm.4. The process of or wherein the silica gel has a mean mesopore diameter about 30 Å to about 1000 Å.5. The process of or wherein the silica gel has a mesopore (25-1000 Å) pore volume of about 0.2 cc/g to about 2 cc/g.6. The process of or wherein the silica gel has a surface area about 100 m/g to about 500 m/9.7. The process of where in the hydrocarbon product loss from the treatment is less than 10 wt % of the hydrocarbon product and preferably less than 5 wt %.8. The process of or wherein the liquid catalyst is an ionic liquid catalyst or an ionic complex catalyst.9. The process of or wherein the liquid catalyst contains a metal halide.10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the metal halide is AlCl claim 9 , AlBr claim 9 , GaCl claim 9 , GaBr claim 9 , InCl claim 9 , and InBr.11. The process of claim 8 , wherein the ionic liquid ...

DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AROMATICS FROM A BIOMASS PYROLYSIS GAS

A device and process for the conversion of aromatic compounds, includes/uses: a unit for the separation of the xylenes suitable for treating a cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene and producing an extract comprising para-xylene and a raffinate; an isomerization unit suitable for treating the raffinate and producing an isomerate enriched in para-xylene which is sent to a fractionation train; a pyrolysis unit suitable for treating biomass, producing a pyrolysis effluent feeding, at least partially, the feedstock, and producing a pyrolysis gas comprising CO and H; a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction section suitable for treating, at least in part, the pyrolysis gas, producing a synthesis effluent sent, at least in part, to the pyrolysis unit. 1. Device for the conversion of a feedstock of aromatic compounds , comprising:a fractionation train suitable for extracting at least one cut comprising benzene, one cut comprising toluene and one cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene from the feedstock;a unit for the separation of the xylenes suitable for treating the cut comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene and producing an extract comprising para-xylene and a raffinate comprising ortho-xylene, meta-xylene and ethylbenzene;an isomerization unit suitable for treating the raffinate and producing an isomerate enriched in para-xylene which is sent to the fractionation train;{'sub': '2', 'a pyrolysis unit suitable for treating biomass, producing at least one pyrolysis effluent comprising hydrocarbon compounds of 6 to 10 carbon atoms feeding at least partially the feedstock, and producing a pyrolysis gas, comprising at least CO and H;'}a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction section suitable for treating the pyrolysis gas at least in part, producing a synthesis effluent comprising hydrocarbon compounds of 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and sending the synthesis effluent, at least in part, to the pyrolysis unit.2. Conversion device according to claim 1 , in which the pyrolysis gas ...

METHOD TO PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY COMPONENTS FROM RENEWABLE RAW MATERIAL

The present disclosure relates to a method of producing high quality components from renewable raw material. Specifically, the disclosure relates to production of renewable materials which can be employed as high-quality chemicals and/or as high quality drop-in gasoline components. Further, the disclosure relates to drop-in gasoline components and to polymers obtainable by the method. 1. A method for producing renewable component(s) , the method comprising:a provision step of providing an isomeric raw material originating from a renewable source, wherein the isomeric raw material contains at least 60 wt.-% iso-paraffins;a cracking step of thermally cracking the isomeric raw material to produce a biohydrocarbon mixture containing C4 olefins; anda reaction step of reacting at least a part of the C4 olefins to produce the renewable component(s).2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said renewable component(s) are drop-in gasoline component(s) having a high octane number.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said renewable component(s) are bio-monomer(s) or bio-polymer(s) claim 1 , with at least one selected from the group consisting of butyl rubber claim 1 , methyl methacrylate claim 1 , polymethyl methacrylate claim 1 , polyisobutylene claim 1 , substituted phenol claim 1 , and polybutene.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the mixture containing C4 olefins contains at least isobutene and the reaction step of reacting at least a part of the C4 olefins is a step of reacting at least a part of the isobutene to produce the renewable component(s).5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the isomeric raw material is selected to contain at least one or more of at least 70 wt.-% claim 1 , at least 75 wt.-% claim 1 , at least 80 wt.-% claim 1 , at least 83 wt.-% claim 1 , at least 85 wt.-% claim 1 , at least 90 wt.-% claim 1 , and/or at least 95 wt.-% iso-paraffins.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the iso-paraffins contain multi-branched ...

Catalytic system for preparation of high branched alkane from olefins

The present invention discloses a catalytic system for preparing highly branched alkane from olefin, which contains novel nickel or palladium complexes. In the presence of the catalytic system, highly branched oily alkane mixture can be efficiently obtained from olefins (such as ethylene) under mild conditions. The alkane mixture has a low bromine number, and can be used as a processing aid(s) and lubricant base oil with high-performance. Provides also was a method for preparing the catalyst and a method for preparing an oily olefin polymer.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYETHYLENES FROM WASTE PLASTIC FEEDSTOCKS

The present invention relates to a process for the production of ethylene-based polymers from waste plastics feedstocks comprising the steps in this order of: (a) providing a hydrocarbon stream A obtained by treatment of a waste plastics feedstock; (b) providing a hydrocarbon stream B; (c) supplying a feed C comprising a fraction of the hydrocarbon stream A and a fraction of the hydrocarbon stream B to a thermal cracker furnace comprising cracking coil(s); (d) performing a thermal cracking operation in the presence of steam to obtain a cracked hydrocarbon stream D; (e) supplying the cracked hydrocarbon stream D to a separation unit; (f) performing a separation operation in the separation unit to obtain a product stream E comprising ethylene; (g) supplying the product stream E to a polymerisation reactor; and (h) performing a polymerisation reaction in the polymerisation reactor to obtain an ethylene-based polymer; wherein in step (d): ⋅the coil outlet temperature is ≥800 and ≤870° C., preferably ≥820 and ≤870° C.; and ⋅the weight ratio of steam to feed C is >0.3 and <0.8. Such process allows for optimisation of the quantity of waste plastic material that finds its way back into a polyethylene that is produced as outcome of the process. The higher that quantity is, i.e. the higher the quantity of chemical building blocks that are present in the waste plastic material that are converted to the produced polyethylene, the better the sustainability footprint of the process is. The process allows for circular utilisation of plastics. In addition, the process allows for increased efficiency in the production of polyethylene in that the fraction of ethylene in the cracked hydrocarbon stream D is increased. A further advantage of the process of the present invention is that the overall energy consumption towards polyethylene is reduced. 1. Process for the production of ethylene-based polymers from waste plastics feedstocks comprising the steps in an order of:(a) providing a ...

MANUFACTURING HYDROCARBON FLUIDS

A system and methods for manufacturing a base stock from a light hydrocarbon stream. An exemplary method includes cracking the light hydrocarbon stream to form a raw product stream. Water is removed from the raw product stream to form an oligomerization feed stream. The oligomerization feed stream is oligomerized to form an intermediate stream. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the intermediate stream. The heavy olefinic stream is hydro-processed to form a hydro-processed stream. The hydro-processed stream is distilled to form the base stock. 1. A system for manufacturing a base stock from a light hydrocarbon stream , comprising:a cracker configured to form a raw product stream from the light hydrocarbon stream;a separator configured to remove water from the raw product stream forming an oligomerization feed stream;an oligomerization reactor configured to increase a molecular weight of the oligomerization feed stream forming a raw oligomer stream;a distillation column configured to separate a heavy olefinic stream from the raw oligomer stream;a hydro-processing reactor configured to hydro-process the heavy olefinic stream to form a hydro-processed stream; anda product distillation column configured to separate the hydro-processed stream to form the base stock.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the light hydrocarbon stream comprises ethane claim 1 , butane claim 1 , propane claim 1 , or naphtha claim 1 , or any combinations thereof.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the cracker comprises a steam cracking reactor.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the separator comprises a quench fractionator.5. The system of claim 1 , comprising:a primary fractionator configured to remove tar and steam cracking gas oil (SCGO) from the raw product stream;a caustic tower configured to remove hydrogen sulfide from the raw product stream; anda dryer configured to remove the water from the raw product stream.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the oligomerization reactor is ...

MANUFACTURING HYDROCARBONS

Systems and a method for manufacturing a base stock from a hydrocarbon stream are provided. An example method includes cracking the hydrocarbon stream to form a raw product stream, separating an ethylene stream from the raw product stream, and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A Light olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and oligomerized the light olefinic stream with the ethylene stream. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream. The heavy olefinic stream is to form a hydro-processed and distilled to form the base stock. 1. A system for manufacturing a base stock from a hydrocarbon stream , comprising:a steam cracker configured to form a raw product stream from the hydrocarbon stream;a purification system configured to separate an ethylene stream from the raw product stream;an oligomerization reactor configured to oligomerize the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream;a distillation column configured to separate the raw oligomer stream into:a light olefinic stream, wherein the distillation column is configured to blend the light olefinic stream with the ethylene stream provided to the oligomerization reactor;an intermediate olefinic stream; anda heavy olefinic stream;a hydro-processing reactor configured to hydro-process the heavy olefinic stream to form a hydro-processed stream; anda product distillation column configured to separate the hydro-processed stream to form the base stock.2. The system of claim 1 , comprising a dimerization reactor configured to dimerize the intermediate olefinic stream and return a dimerized stream to the distillation column.3. The system of claim 1 , comprising an alkylation reactor configured to alkylate the intermediate olefinic stream and provide an alkylated stream to an alkylation distillation column.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the alkylation distillation column is configured to separate an unreacted olefin stream from the alkylated stream ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF POLYPROPYLENES FROM WASTE PLASTIC FEEDSTOCKS

The present invention relates to a process for the production of propylene-based polymers from waste plastics feedstocks comprising the steps in this order of: (a) providing a hydrocarbon stream A obtained by treatment of a waste plastics feedstock; (b) providing a hydrocarbon stream B; (c) supplying a feed C comprising a fraction of the hydrocarbon stream A and a fraction of the hydrocarbon stream B to a thermal cracker furnace comprising cracking coil(s); (d) performing a thermal cracking operation in the presence of steam to obtain a cracked hydrocarbon stream D; (e) supplying the cracked hydrocarbon stream D to a separation unit; (f) performing a separation operation in the separation unit to obtain a product stream E comprising propylene; (g) supplying the product stream E to a polymerisation reactor; and (h) performing a polymerisation reaction in the polymerisation reactor to obtain an propylene-based polymer; wherein in step (d): •⋅ the coil outlet temperature is 2:: 800 and:::; 850° C., preferably 2:: 805 and:::; 835° C.; and •⋅ the weight ratio of steam to feed C is >0.3 and <0.8. 1. Process for the production of propylene-based polymers from waste plastics feedstocks comprising the steps in an order of:(a) providing a hydrocarbon stream A obtained by treatment of a waste plastics feedstock;(b) providing a hydrocarbon stream B;(c) supplying a feed C comprising a fraction of the hydrocarbon stream A and a fraction of the hydrocarbon stream B to a thermal cracker furnace comprising cracking coil(s);(d) performing a thermal cracking operation in the presence of steam to obtain a cracked hydrocarbon stream D;(e) supplying the cracked hydrocarbon stream D to a separation unit;(f) performing a separation operation in the separation unit to obtain a product stream E comprising propylene;(g) supplying the product stream E to a polymerisation reactor; and(h) performing a polymerisation reaction in the polymerisation reactor to obtain an propylene-based polymer; the ...

Methods and apparatus for producing jet-range hydrocarbons

Methods and apparatus are provided for producing jet-range hydrocarbons from biorenewable sources, such as oligomerizing C 3 -C 8 biorenewable olefins, for example, derived from C 3 -C 8 alkanol products of fermentation of biomass. Production of jet-range hydrocarbons is increased by employing an additional oligomerization zone for oligomerizing naphtha separated from the effluent of a primary oligomerization zone wherein the C 3 -C 8 biorenewable olefins were first subjected to oligomerization.

PROCESS FOR PREPARING HYDROCARBON MIXTURE EXHIBITING UNIQUE BRANCHING STRUCTURE

Provided herein is a unique process that prepares a saturated hydrocarbon mixture with well-controlled structural characteristics that address the performance requirements driven by the stricter environmental and fuel economy regulations for automotive engine oils. The process allows for the branching characteristics of the hydrocarbon molecules to be controlled so as to consistently provide a composition that has a surprising CCS viscosity at −35° C. (ASTM D5329) and Noack volatility (ASTM D5800) relationship. The process comprises providing a specific olefinic feedstock, oligomerizing in the presence of a BFcatalyst, and hydroisomerizing in the presence of a noble-metal impregnated, 10-member ring zeolite catalyst. 1. A process for preparing a base stock , comprising:(i) providing an olefinic feedstock comprising C14 to C20 olefins which comprises less than 40 wt % branched olefins and greater than 40 wt % alpha olefins;(ii) oligomerizing the olefinic feedstock in the presence of a boron trifluoride catalyst at a reaction temperature in the range of from 20-60° C. resulting in a saturated dimer intermediate with a branching proximity of 27-35; and(iii) hydroisomerizing the oligomerization product obtained from step (ii) in the presence of a noble-metal impregnated one-dimensional, 10-member ring zeolite catalyst to achieve a C28+ product with BP/BI≥−0.6037 (Internal alkyl branching per molecule)+2.0 and on average 0.3-1.5 5+ methyl branching per molecule.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the olefinic feedstock comprises greater than 50 wt % alpha olefins.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the olefinic feedstock comprises less than 8 wt % branched olefins.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the olefinic feedstock comprises greater than 70 wt % alpha olefins.5. The process of claim 2 , wherein oligomerization is performed using a boron trifluoride oligomerization catalyst claim 2 , an alcohol promoter claim 2 , and an ester promoter.6. The process of claim 2 , ...

High octane gasoline and process for making same

A process for converting light paraffins to a high octane gasoline composition is disclosed. The process involves: (1) oxidation of iso-paraffins to alkyl hydroperoxides and alcohol; (2) conversion of the alkyl hydroperoxides and alcohol to dialkyl peroxides; and (3) radical coupling of iso-paraffins using the dialkyl peroxides as radical initiators, thereby forming gasoline-range molecules. Fractionation of the gasoline-range molecules can then be used to isolate high octane gasoline fractions having a road octane number [(RON+MON)/2] greater than 110.

Catalytic conversion process and system for producing gasoline and propylene

A catalytic conversion process for producing gasoline and propylene includes the steps of 1) subjecting a feedstock oil to a first catalytic conversion reaction in a first catalytic conversion reaction device to obtain a first reaction product; 2) separating the first reaction product to obtain a propylene fraction, a gasoline fraction and a fraction comprising Colefin; 3) carrying out an oligomerization reaction on the fraction comprising Colefin in an oligomerization reactor to obtain an oligomerization product comprising Colefin, and optionally separating the oligomerization product to obtain a fraction comprising Colefin; 4) recycling the Colefin-containing oligomerization product or fraction to the first catalytic conversion reaction device, and/or sending the Colefin-containing oligomerization product or fraction to a second catalytic conversion reaction device for a second catalytic conversion reaction to obtain a second reaction product comprising propylene. 1. A process for producing gasoline and propylene , comprising the steps of:{'sub': '4', '1) subjecting a feedstock oil to a first catalytic conversion reaction in a first catalytic conversion reaction device to obtain a first reaction product comprising propylene, Colefin and a gasoline component;'}{'sub': '4', '2) separating the first reaction product to obtain a propylene fraction, a gasoline fraction, a fraction comprising Colefin, optionally a light cycle oil fraction and optionally a fluidized catalytic cracking gas oil (FGO) fraction;'}{'sub': 4', '4', '12', '12, '3) subjecting the Colefin-containing fraction obtained in step 2) and optionally a Colefin-containing fraction from an external source to olefin oligomerization in an oligomerization reactor to obtain an oligomerization product comprising Colefin, and optionally separating the oligomerization product to obtain a fraction comprising Colefin;'}{'sub': 12', '12, '4) recycling the Colefin-containing oligomerization product or fraction to the ...

Systems for the catalytic activation of pentane-enriched hydrocarbon mixtures

The present disclosure relates to systems operable to catalytically convert a hydrocarbon feed stream predominantly comprising both isopentane and n-pentane to yield upgraded hydrocarbon products that are suitable for use either as a blend component of liquid transportation fuels or as an intermediate in the production of other value-added chemicals. The hydrocarbon feed stream is isomerized in a first reaction zone to convert at least a portion of the n-pentane to isopentane, followed by catalytic-activation of the isomerization effluent in a second reaction zone with an activation catalyst to produce an activation effluent. The process increases the conversion of the hydrocarbon feed stream to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. Certain embodiments provide for further upgrading of at least a portion of the activation effluent by either oligomerization or alkylation.

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BASE OIL

Processes are provided for producing hydrocarbon base oils from alcohols, including by converting one or more alcohols into linear alpha olefins, and then forming branched oligomers with one or more olefin feedstock(s) which are subsequently hydrogenated and fractionated. A process for the preparation of a mixture of branched saturated hydrocarbons can include (a) forming an oligomerization reaction mixture having an oligomerization catalyst system and an olefin monomer mixture, wherein the olefin monomer mixture has an average carbon number in the range of 9.5 to 13, and at least 10% of the olefin monomers in the olefin monomer mixture have a carbon number difference of at least four carbons, (b) oligomerizing the olefin monomers in the oligomerization reaction mixture to produce an oligomer product, (c) separating unreacted olefin monomer from the oligomer product to produce a purified oligomer product, (d) hydrogenating the purified oligomer product, and (e) distilling the hydrogenated oligomer product. 1. A process for the preparation of a mixture of branched saturated hydrocarbons , the process comprising:(a) forming an oligomerization reaction mixture comprising an oligomerization catalyst system and an olefin monomer mixture, wherein the olefin monomer mixture has an average carbon number in the range of 9.5 to 13, and at least 10% of the olefin monomers in the olefin monomer mixture have a carbon number difference of at least four carbons,(b) oligomerizing the olefin monomers in the oligomerization reaction mixture to produce an oligomer product comprising dimers, trimers, and higher oligomers,(c) separating unreacted olefin monomer from the oligomer product to produce a purified oligomer product,(d) hydrogenating the purified oligomer product to form a mixture of branched saturated hydrocarbons having a Bromine Index below 1000 as determined in accordance with ASTM D2710-09, and(e) distilling the hydrogenated oligomer product.2. The process of wherein the ...

UPGRADING OLEFIN-CONTAINING FEEDS TO DIESEL BOILING RANGE COMPOUNDS

Systems and methods are provided for producing diesel boiling range compounds from an olefin-containing feed. The olefin-containing feed can include a refinery fuel gas and/or a naphtha feed. The olefin-containing feed can be exposed to a first set of conversion conditions that can include a low pressure to produce an oligomerized olefin effluent. The oligomerized olefin effluent can be exposed to a second set of conversion conditions that include a higher pressure than the first set of conversion conditions to produce a product effluent that includes diesel boiling range compounds. 1. A method for converting an olefin-containing feed to diesel boiling range compounds , comprising:{'sub': '5', 'exposing an olefin-containing feed having an olefin content of at least about 10 wt % to a conversion catalyst under first effective conversion conditions to form an oligomerized olefin effluent comprising C+ olefinic compounds, wherein the first effective conversion conditions comprise a pressure of less than about 300 psig (2.1 MPa) and a temperature of from about 550° F. (288° C.) to about 800° F. (427° C.) and'}{'sub': '5', 'exposing at least a portion of the C+ olefinic compounds to effective fixed bed conversion conditions to form a product effluent comprising diesel boiling range compounds, wherein the effective fixed bed conversion conditions comprise a pressure of at least about 300 psig and a temperature of from about 400° F. (204° C.) to about 700° F. (371° C.), wherein the first effective conversion conditions comprise a pressure that is at least about 50 psi (0.3 MPa) lower than the effective fixed bed conversion conditions.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first effective conversion conditions comprise fluidized bed conditions.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective fixed bed conversion conditions comprise a pressure of about 300 psig (2.1 MPa) to about 800 psig (5.5 MPa) claim 1 , a temperature of about 450° F. (232° C.) to about 600° F. (316° C ...

INTEGRATED PROCESS WITH A DEPOLYAROMATIZATION COLUMN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BENZENE, TOLUENE AND XYLENES FROM PYROLYSIS FUEL OIL STREAM

A catalytic upgrading process includes introducing a feed comprising crude oil to a steam cracking unit, thereby producing pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO). The PFO is introduced to a first catalytic depolyaromatization reactor to remove polyaromatics from the feed, thereby producing polyaromatics adsorbed to the catalyst and depolyaromatized PFO. The depolyaromatized PFO is introduced to a hydrocracking unit. The resulting benzene-toluene-xylenes (BTX) and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) are separated, and the BTX is introduced to a BTX complex to produce refined BTX. The LPG can then be introduced to the steam cracking unit. After depolyaromatization, a wash solvent is introduced into the first catalytic depolyaromatization reactor to remove the polyaromatics, regenerate the catalyst, and produce a mixture comprising the wash solvent and the polyaromatics. The wash solvent is separated from the polyaromatics. 1. A catalytic upgrading process for producing petrochemical substances from a crude hydrocarbon stream , wherein the process comprises a first catalytic depolyaromatization reactor downstream of a steam cracking unit , wherein the first catalytic depolyaromatization reactor comprises a catalyst having a solid heteropolyacid compound , and wherein the process comprises:introducing a feed comprising crude oil to the steam cracking unit, wherein the steam cracking produces pyrolysis fuel oil;introducing the pyrolysis fuel oil to the first catalytic depolyaromatization reactor to remove polyaromatics from the feed, wherein the depolyaromatization produces polyaromatics adsorbed to the catalyst and depolyaromatized pyrolysis fuel oil having a reduced concentration of polyaromatics;introducing the depolyaromatized pyrolysis fuel oil to a hydrocracking unit, wherein the hydrocracking produces a benzene-toluene-xylenes (BTX)-rich stream and liquid petroleum gas;separating the BTX-rich stream from the liquid petroleum gas;introducing the BTX-rich stream to a BTX complex, wherein ...

FLEXIBLE OPERATION OF OLIGOMERIZATION PROCESS

A process and apparatus for controlling the amount of gasoline and distillate obtained from an oligomerate product is described. The process includes oligomerizing olefins in a feed stream to produce a mixture of an oligomerate product and unreacted feed. The mixture is separated into a light stream comprising the unreacted feed and the oligomerate product. Some or all of the oligomerate product is hydrogenated to produce hydrotreated oligomerate product. The hydrotreated oligomerate product can be separated into gasoline and distillate. A recycle stream comprising at least one of non-hydrotreated oligomerate product and hydrotreated oligomerate product is introduced into the oligomerization zone. The flow rates of non-hydrotreated oligomerate product and hydrotreated oligomerate product in the recycle stream are controlled to control the amount of gasoline and distillate product produced. 1. A process for controlling an amount of gasoline and distillate obtained from an oligomerate product comprising:introducing an oligomerization feed stream comprising at least one of C4 or C5 olefins into an oligomerization zone under oligomerization conditions in the presence of an oligomerization catalyst to oligomerize olefins in the oligomerization feed stream in liquid phase to produce a mixture of an oligomerate product comprising C5+ hydrocarbons and unreacted C4 or C5 feed olefins; andseparating the mixture into a light stream comprising the unreacted C4 or C5 feed olefins and a stream of the oligomerate product in a first separation zone;optionally dividing the stream of oligomerate product into a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being a non-hydrotreated oligomerate product;hydrogenating at least the second portion of the stream of the oligomerate product to produce a stream of hydrotreated oligomerate product;introducing a recycle stream into the oligomerization zone, the recycle stream comprising at least one of the optional first portion of non- ...

Process for producing purified aromatic hydrocarbons from a mixed hydrocarbon feedstream

The present invention relates to a process for producing benzene from a mixed hydrocarbon feedstream comprising subjecting C6 cut separated from said mixed hydrocarbon feedstream to aromatization to provide a benzene-rich aromatic stream and recovering the benzene from the benzene-rich aromatic stream.

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BRANCHED POLYOLEFINS FOR LUBRICANT APPLICATIONS

Processes to prepare branched polyolefins for lubricant applications comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. Low molecular weight by-products are fractionated out and the oligomer product is converted to a saturated hydrocarbon via hydrogenation. 2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the co-monomer is selected from the group consisting of propylene claim 1 , 1-butene claim 1 , 1-hexene claim 1 , and 1-octene.3. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one olefin and at least one coordination-insertion catalyst are combined in a batch or semi-batch reactor.4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one olefin and at least one coordination-insertion catalyst are combined in a continuous or semi-continuous reactor system.6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the oligomer product comprises a main carbon chain with an average of more than one methine branch carbon per molecule.7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the lubricant product is a saturated hydrocarbon.8. A lubricant product prepared by the process of .9. The lubricant product of having a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees Celsius of greater than 4.5 cSt.10. The lubricant product of having a kinematic viscosity at 100 degrees Celsius of greater than 1.5 cSt.15. A lubricant product prepared by the process of . This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/840,770, filed Jun. 28, 2013, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.The invention relates to processes for the manufacture of a branched polyolefin and corresponding saturated hydrocarbons, and their application as lubricants.BACKGROUNDOne type of commercial lubricant is a polyalphaolefin (PAO) lubricant. PAOs can be prepared via the oligomerization of alpha-olefins (typically 1-decene, sometimes 1-octene and 1-dodecene). Other chemistry that is relevant includes ...

LIGHT OLEFIN OLIGOMERIZATION PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID FUELS FROM PARAFFINS

A process and apparatus are presented for the conversion of light paraffins to heavier liquid fuels or distillate. The process and apparatus includes conversion of a paraffin stream to an olefinic stream. The olefinic stream is passed through a reactor zone to convert the olefins to heavier hydrocarbons, including branched paraffins and branched olefins. The process includes recycling a portion of the product to the reactors for controlling the heat and reaction rate of the dimerization or oligomerization process. 1. A process for converting light paraffins to a liquid fuel , comprising:passing a light paraffins stream to a dehydrogenation zone to generate a first process stream comprising light olefins;{'sub': '5', 'passing the first process stream as at least a portion of an oligomerization feed stream to an oligomerization zone to generate a second process stream comprising C+ olefins;'}{'sub': 5', '5, 'passing the second process stream to a second fractionation zone to generate an overhead third process stream comprising C− hydrocarbons, and a bottoms fourth process stream, comprising olefinic C+ hydrocarbons;'}passing the fourth stream to a third fractionation zone to generate an overhead fifth process stream, comprising a gasoline product, and a bottoms sixth process stream, comprising a distillate product, and;recycling at least a portion of the third process stream back to the dehydrogenation zone as at least a part of the light paraffins stream.2. The process of wherein at least a portion of either the fourth process stream or the sixth process stream are recycled to the oligomerization zone as a portion of the oligomerization feed stream.3. The process of wherein the oligomerization feed stream comprises about 5 to about 80 wt % olefins.4. The process of wherein the light olefin concentration in the oligomerization feed stream is between about 10 wt % and about 40 wt % of the feed.5. The process of wherein at least a portion of the sixth process stream is ...

PROCESS FOR THE OLIGOMERIZATION OF LIGHT OLEFINS BY MEANS OF A REACTION SECTION COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO REACTORS WHICH CAN BE PERMUTATED, PROMOTING THE SELECTIVITY FOR DISTILLATES

The invention concerns a process for the production of middle distillates, comprising at least one step for the catalytic oligomerization of a feed comprising olefins containing 3 to 9 carbon atoms, in which the reaction section comprises at least two reactors which are positioned in series and which can be permutated, each containing at least one oligomerization catalyst for the oligomerization reactions, said catalysts being identical or different, and in which the reactor which is the furthest downstream in the direction of movement of said feed comprising olefins contains the catalyst with a period of service which is shorter than the period of service of the catalysts present in the other reactors and is operated at an average temperature (WABTn) which is lower than the average temperature (WABTn−1) of the reactor directly preceding it, the difference between said average temperatures being at least 10° C. (WABTn−1−WABTn≧10° C.). 1. A process for the production of middle distillates , comprising at least one step for the catalytic oligomerization of a feed comprising olefins containing 3 to 9 carbon atoms , in which the reaction section comprises at least two reactors which are positioned in series and which can be permutated , each containing at least one catalyst for the oligomerization reactions , said catalysts being identical or different , and in which the reactor which is the furthest downstream in the direction of movement of said feed contains the catalyst with a period of service which is shorter than the period of service of the catalysts present in the other reactors and is operated at an average temperature (WABTn) which is lower than the average temperature (WABTn−1) of the reactor directly preceding it , the difference between said average temperatures being at least 10° C. (WABTn−1−WABTn≧10° C.).2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , in which the reactors which are positioned in series and which can be permutated are used in a cyclic manner by ...

PROCESS FOR CONVERTING C2-C5 HYDROCARBONS TO GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUEL BLENDSTOCKS

A process for converting C2-5 alkanes to higher value C5-24 hydrocarbon fuels and blendstocks. The C2-5 alkanes are converted to olefins by thermal olefination, without the use of a dehydrogenation catalyst and without the use of steam. The product olefins are fed to an oligomerization reactor containing a zeolite catalyst to crack, oligomerize and cyclize the olens to the fuel products which are then recovered. Optionally, hydrogen and methane are removed from the product olefin stream prior to oligomerization. Further optionally, C2-5 alkanes are removed from the product olefin stream prior to oligomerization. 1{'sub': 2-5', '2-5', '2-5', '2-5, 'passing a fresh, Calkane-rich feedstream through a thermal olefination reactor, the fresh, Calkane-rich feedstream containing at least 90 wt % Cfeed alkanes, the thermal olefination reactor operating without a dehydrogenation catalyst and without steam, the olefination reactor converting the Cfeed alkanes to product olefins in an effluent olefination stream;'}{'sub': '2-4', 'passing at least a portion of the effluent olefination stream to an oligomerization reactor containing a zeolite catalyst and operating at a temperature, pressure and space velocity to crack, oligomerize and cyclize the product olefins to form an effluent oligomerization stream comprising the fuel products, unconverted Calkanes and methane;'}{'sub': 2-4', '2-5, 'passing a recycle stream comprising unconverted Calkanes and methane from the effluent oligomerization stream back through the thermal olefination reactor, the olefination reactor operating at a temperature, pressure and space velocity to convert at least 80 wt % of the feed Calkanes to product olefins in the effluent olefination stream; and'}recovering the fuel products from the effluent oligomerization stream.. A method for converting Calkanes to a broad-range of fuel products constituting higher-value Chydrocarbon fuels or fuel blendstocks, comprising: This application is a Continuation of U ...

CONVERTING ETHANE TO LIQUID FUELS AND CHEMICALS

A process for converting ethane to liquid fuels may involve directing an ethane stream into an ethane cracking unit to produce an intermediate hydrocarbon stream and a raw ethylene stream; fractionating the intermediate hydrocarbon stream into a gasoline fraction and a diesel fraction; introducing the raw ethylene stream into an oligomerization unit; contacting the raw ethylene stream with an oligomerization catalyst to produce a liquid hydrocarbon stream and an off-gas stream; recycling an off-gas recycle stream from an off-gas stream of the oligomerization unit separation unit to an inlet of the oligomerization reactor; introducing at least part of the off-gas stream into a hydrogenation reactor to remove unconverted olefins; separating a hydrogen component and a plurality of light paraffin components in a post hydrogenation reactor separation unit using a PSA technology or membrane technology; and recycling the light paraffins stream into the ethane cracking unit. 1. A process for converting ethane to liquid fuels comprising:directing an ethane stream into an ethane cracking unit in a first stage to produce an intermediate hydrocarbon stream and a raw ethylene stream;contacting the raw ethylene stream with an oligomerization catalyst to produce a liquid hydrocarbon stream and an off-gas stream;introducing at least part of the off-gas stream into a hydrogenation reactor to remove unconverted olefins;yielding a mixture of a plurality of light paraffin components and a hydrogen component from the hydrogenation reactor;separating a hydrogen component and a plurality of light paraffin components in a post hydrogenation reactor separation unit using a PSA technology or membrane technology; andrecycling the light paraffins stream into the ethane cracking unit.2. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising: removing a hydrogen stream from the raw ethylene stream.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising: recycling an off-gas recycle stream from ...

CONVERTING ETHANE TO LIQUID FUELS AND CHEMICALS

Converting ethane may include directing a gaseous stream from a gas well into a fractionator for fractionating and producing a post-fractionator ethane stream, which is directed into a thermal activation unit for heating and raising the temperature of the post-fractionator ethane stream thereby creating an activated ethane stream, which is directed into a quench tower thereby creating a quenched stream, which may be converted in a catalytic conversion unit to a mixed product stream containing hydrogen and C-Chydrocarbons; directing the mixed product stream into a first separation unit forming a stream of C+ hydrocarbon product and a stream of C-Chydrocarbons; directing the stream of C-Chydrocarbons into a catalytic hydrogenation reactor thereby imparting hydrogen into a post-hydrogenation reactor stream, which is directed directly into a second separation unit thereby creating a light hydrocarbons recycle stream, which may be recycled into the thermal activation unit, and a hydrogen and methane stream. 1. A process for converting ethane comprising:directing a gaseous stream from a gas well into a fractionator;fractionating the gaseous stream to produce a post-fractionator ethane stream;directing the post-fractionator ethane stream directly into a thermal activation unit;heating and raising the temperature of the post-fractionator ethane stream within the thermal activation unit and creating an activated ethane stream;directing the activated ethane stream into a quench tower to create a quenched stream;directing the quenched stream into a conversion unit;{'sub': 1', '15, 'utilizing a catalyst within the conversion unit to convert the quenched stream to a mixed product stream containing hydrogen and C-Chydrocarbons; and'}{'sub': 4', '1', '3, 'directing the mixed product stream into a first separation unit to form a stream of C+ hydrocarbon product and a stream of C-Chydrocarbons.'}2. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising: directing the stream of C- ...

Ethane and ethanol to liquid transportation fuels

Processes relating to thermal activation (or cracking) of ethane to an intermediate, low purity raw ethylene stream in a first stage. This stream is then mixed with a stream of biomass-derived ethanol that may contain four volume percent or more of water. The resulting mixture is reacted over a suitable catalyst at temperatures and pressures suitable to produce gasoline-range and diesel-range blend stock.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING BIOHYDROCARBONS

The present invention relates to a method of producing biohydrocarbons. Further, the invention relates to biohydrocarbons obtainable by the methods of the invention and to a method of producing polymers. 1. A method for producing biohydrocarbons , the method comprising:preparing a hydrocarbon raw material from a bio-renewable feedstock,subjecting at least straight chain hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon raw material to an isomerization treatment to prepare an isomeric raw material; andthermally cracking the isomeric raw material to produce biohydrocarbons.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the isomeric raw material contains at least 50 wt.-% claim 1 , preferably at least 60 wt.-% claim 1 , preferably at least 65 wt.-% claim 1 , preferably at least 70 wt.-% claim 1 , more preferably at least 75 wt.-% claim 1 , at least 80 wt.-% claim 1 , at least 85 wt.-% claim 1 , or at least 90 wt.-% iso-paraffins.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thermal cracking is conducted (coil outlet temperature claim 1 , (COT) of at least 790° C. claim 1 , preferably at least 800° C. claim 1 , preferably at least 820° C. claim 1 , at least 830° C. claim 1 , or at least 840° C.; and/orwherein the thermal cracking is conducted at a temperature of at most 960° C., preferably at most 920° C., more preferably at most 890° C., further preferably at most 870° C.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the preparing comprises:deoxygenating the bio-renewable feedstock; and/orwherein the deoxygenating the bio-renewable feedstock is a hydrotreatment step, preferably a hydrodeoxygenation step.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the preparing comprises: hydrocracking hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon raw material.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the isomeric raw material contains at least one of a diesel range fraction and a naphtha range fraction and at least the diesel range fraction and/or the naphtha range fraction is subjected to thermal cracking.7. The ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING RENEWABLE JET FUEL COMPOSITIONS

Processes for producing jet fuel are disclosed. In one embodiment, syngas is converted to methanol, and a first portion of the methanol is converted to olefins using a methanol-to-olefins catalyst. The olefins are then oligomerized under conditions that provide olefins in the jet fuel range. The olefins can then optionally be isomerized and/or hydrotreated. A second portion of the methanol is converted to dimethyl ether, which is then reacted over a catalyst to form jet fuel-range hydrocarbons and aromatics. All or part of the two separate product streams can be combined, to provide jet fuel components which include isoparaffins and aromatics in the jet fuel range. The syngas is preferably derived from biomass or another renewable carbon-containing feedstock, thereby providing a biorefining process for the production of renewable jet fuel. In another embodiment, the process starts with methanol, rather than producing the methanol from syngas. 1. A process for producing jet fuel , comprising:(a) generating or providing syngas;(b) converting the syngas to methanol over an appropriate methanol-synthesis catalyst;(c) separating the methanol into at least a first stream and a second stream,(d) converting the methanol in the first stream to dimethyl ether,e) converting the dimethyl ether to one or more jet fuel range hydrocarbons and aromatics using a zeolite catalyst,f) converting the methanol in the second stream to olefins using a methanol-to-olefins catalyst,g) oligomerizing the olefins under conditions which produce olefins in the jet fuel range,h) optionally isomerizing and/or hydrotreating the olefins in the jet fuel range to form paraffins in the jet fuel range, andi) isolating products in the jet fuel range obtained from each of the first and second streams, and combining these products to provide hydrocarbons in the jet fuel range.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said syngas is derived from biomass.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oligomerized olefins ...

Systems for converting ethane and ethanol to liquid transportation fuels

Systems relating to thermal activation (or cracking) of ethane to an intermediate, low purity raw ethylene stream in a first stage. The system then mixes this stream with a stream of raw biomass-derived ethanol that may contain more than four volume percent of water. The resulting mixture is reacted over a suitable catalyst at temperatures and pressures suitable to produce gasoline-range and diesel-range blend stock.

Processes for Preparing Low Viscosity Lubricants

Disclosed are processes for forming an oligomer product by contacting a feedstock olefin containing trisubstituted olefins with a solid acid catalyst. The oligomer product can be formed at an oligomerization temperature in a range from −20° C. to 40° C. Polyalphaolefins produced from the oligomer product can have reduced viscosities at low temperatures. 1. A process comprising:(a) contacting a feedstock olefin with a solid acid catalyst to form an oligomer product at an oligomerization temperature in a range from −20° C. to 40° C., wherein the feedstock olefin comprises trisubstituted olefins;(b) removing at least a portion of the oligomer product from the feedstock olefin and the solid acid catalyst; and(c) hydrogenating the portion of the oligomer product to form a polyalphaolefin, wherein the polyalphaolefin has a kinematic viscosity at −40° C. in a range from 4,500 to 9,500 cSt.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid acid catalyst comprises an acidic ion exchange resin.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid acid catalyst comprises a functionalized styrene-divinylbenzene polymer claim 1 , a 4-vinylpyridine divinylbenzene polymer claim 1 , a tetrafluoroethylene polymer modified with perfluorovinyl ether groups terminated with sulfonate groups claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid acid catalyst comprises an AMBERLYST® resin claim 1 , a NAFION® resin claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the solid acid catalyst comprises AMBERLYST® 15 resin.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein:the oligomerization temperature is in a range from 15° C. to 35° C.; and{'sub': 16', '24, 'the feedstock olefin comprises at least 75 wt. % Cto Ctrisubstituted olefins.'}7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock olefin is produced by a process comprising isomerizing a vinylidene composition comprising a Cto Cvinylidene.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feedstock olefin is produced by a process ...

Processes for polymerizing internal olefins and compositions thereof

The present disclosure provides base stocks and processes for producing such basestocks by polymerizing internal olefins. The present disclosure further provides base stocks, comprising low molecular weight polyolefin products, having one or more of improved flow, low temperature properties, and thickening efficiency. The present disclosure further provides polyolefin products useful as base stocks and or diesel fuel. In at least one embodiment, a process includes introducing a feedstream comprising C4-C30 internal-olefins with a catalyst system comprising a nickel diimine catalyst optionally in the presence of a solvent. The method includes obtaining a C6-C100 polyolefin product having one or more of a carbon fraction of epsilon-carbons of from about 0.08 to about 0.3, as determined by 13C NMR spectroscopy, based on the total carbon content of the polyolefin product.

SYSTEM AND PROCESS FOR STEAM CRACKING AND PFO TREATMENT INTEGRATING SELECTIVE HYDROGENATION AND SELECTIVE HYDROCRACKING

A process for treatment of PFO from a steam cracking zone includes selectively hydrogenating PFO or a portion thereof for conversion of polyaromatics compounds contained in the PFO into aromatic compounds with one benzene ring to produce a selectively hydrogenated stream. The selectively hydrogenated stream is selectively hydrocracked for selective ring opening and dealkylation to produce a selectively hydrocracked BTX+ stream. The selectively hydrocracked BTX+ stream is separated into BTX compounds. Optionally the PFO is separated into a first stream containing C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring, and a second stream containing C10+ aromatic compounds, whereby the first stream containing C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring is passed to the selective hydrocracking step, and the feed to the selective hydrogenation step comprises all or a portion of the second stream containing C10+ aromatic compounds. 123-. (canceled)24. A system for treatment of PFO from a steam cracking zone that produces at least light olefins and PFO from a steam cracking feed , the system comprising:an optional PFO separation zone having one or more inlets in fluid communication with the steam cracking zone, one or more outlets for discharging a fraction of the PFO including C9+ aromatics compounds with one benzene ring, and one or more outlets for discharging a fraction of the PFO including containing C10+ aromatic compounds;a selective hydrogenation zone having one or more inlets in fluid communication with the steam cracking zone to receive PFO or the second outlet of the PFO separation zone to receive C10+ aromatic compounds from the PFO, and hydrogen, and one or more outlets for discharging reaction effluent including selectively hydrogenated aromatic compounds;a selective hydrocracking zone having one or more inlets in fluid communication with the one or more outlets of the selective hydrogenation zone, and hydrogen, and one or more outlets for discharging reaction ...

Process for producing cumene and/or ethylbenzene from a mixed hydrocarbon feedstream

The present invention relates to a process for producing cumene and/or ethylbenzene from a mixed hydrocarbon feedstream comprising subjecting C6 cut separated from said mixed hydrocarbon feedstream to aromatization to provide an aromatization product stream and subjecting the thus obtained aromatization product stream to alkylation to produce an alkylated aromatic stream.

METHOD TO PRODUCE AN ALTERNATIVE SYNTHETICALLY DERIVED AVIATION TURBINE FUEL - SYNTHETIC PARAFFINIC KEROSENE (SPK)

The invention provides a process for the production of aviation turbine fuel. The process includes the steps of oligomerizing light olefins derived from a high temperature Fisher-Tropsch process over a zeolite catalyst selected from a ZSM-5 (Zeolyst Int., SiO2/A12O3≈30)(COD-9) at pressures of 50 bar with the temperature ranging from 150 to 310° C., distilling from a gasoline fraction of the oligomerisation product, a fraction boiling below 150° C., hydrogenating the distilled oligomerisation fraction over a hydrogenation catalyst, distilling from the hydrogenated hydrocarbon product, fractionating the hydrogenation distillate fraction over a fractionation catalyst and distilling the fractionation hydrocarbon product to produce an aviation turbine fuel (ASH1925) able to meet the requirements as set out for a Synthetic ISO-Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) as per ASTM D 7566-14a. 1. A process for the production of aviation turbine fuel includes the steps of:{'sub': 2', '2', '3, 'oligomerizing light olefins derived from a high temperature Fisher-Tropsch process over a zeolite catalyst selected from a ZSM-5 (Zeolyst Int., SiO/AlO≈30)(COD-9) (MFI type catalyst as defined by the International Zeolite Association (IZA) catalyst supplied by Sud Chemie at pressures of 50 bar, the temperature ranging from 150 to 310° C.;'}distilling gasoline fraction from the oligomerisation product, a fraction boiling below 150° C.;hydrogenating the distilled oligomerisation fraction over a hydrogenation catalyst;distilling from the hydrogenated hydrocarbon product;fractionating the hydrogenation distillate fraction over a fractionation catalyst; anddistilling the fractionation hydrocarbon product to produce an aviation turbine fuel (ASH1925) able to meet the requirements as set out for a Synthetic ISO-Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) as per ASTM D 7566-14a.2. An aviation turbine fuel process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ASH1925 aviation turbine fuel is further processed by further hydrogenation to ...

CONVERSION OF ALCOHOLS TO DISTILLATE FUELS

A process for the production of jet and other heavy fuels from alcohols and mixture of alcohols is disclosed. The process may include contacting in a reaction zone at least one C2 to C11 alcohol with a solid catalyst having activity for the simultaneous dehydration of the alcohols to form olefins, isomerization of the olefins to form internal olefins, and oligomerization of the olefins produced in situ via the dehydration reaction to form an effluent comprising mono-olefinic hydrocarbons. Preferably, the alcohol feed is a mixture of alcohols, such as C2 to C7 alcohols or C4 and C6 alcohols, enabling the production of a mixture of branched hydrocarbons that may be used directly as a jet fuel without blending. 1. A process for the production of distillate fuels , the process comprising: i. dehydration of the C4 alcohol to form water and C4 olefins,', 'ii. oligomerization of the olefins produced in situ,', 'iii. positional isomerization of the C4 olefins, C8-C12 olefins, and olefin oligomers to form internal olefins, and', 'iv. reaction of the C8-C12 olefins with the olefins produced in situ,', 'to form an effluent comprising branched mono-olefinic distillate fuel range hydrocarbon oligomers;, 'contacting, in a reaction zone, a light olefin feedstock, comprising one or more C8-C12 olefins, and an alcohol feedstock, comprising a C4 alcohol selected from the group consisting of 2-butanol, 1-butanol, and isobutanol or mixtures thereof, with a solid acid catalyst at conditions of temperature and pressure where the solid acid catalyst has activity for the simultaneousseparating the branched mono-olefinic distillate fuel range hydrocarbon oligomers from water and any unreacted alcohol;fractionating the branched mono-olefinic distillate fuel range hydrocarbon oligomers to recover the light olefin feedstock and a heavy oligomer fraction.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the light olefin feedstock comprises C8 and lighter olefins.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the light ...

TREATING C8 - C10 AROMATIC FEED STREAMS TO PREPARE AND RECOVER TRIMETHYLATED BENZENES

Methods and alternatives for the efficient and cost-effective production of high-octane fuel blends from C9 aromatic feeds including methyl benzenes and C2 and/or higher alkyl benzenes, The fuel blend can serve as a high-octane unleaded fuel or fuel blending component for a wide range of applications, particularly aviation gasoline and other high-performance transportation fuels. 1. A method for the production of a C9 aromatic product with increased octane from an aromatic composition comprising aromatic components including methyl benzenes and Cand/or higher alkyl benzenes , comprising:{'sub': '2', 'a. hydrodealkylating the aromatic components to convert the Cand/or higher alkyl benzenes to the corresponding alkanes and dealkylated aromatics while retaining the methyl benzenes;'}b. transalkylating the methyl benzenes to redistribute the methyl groups among the methyl benzenes to form trimethylbenzenes and other methylated benzenes;c. isomerizing the trimethylbenzenes to increase the amount of mesitylene in the aromatic composition; andd. recovering an increased-octane product from the aromatic composition.2. The method of in which said hydrodealkylating is performed above 350° C.3. The method of in which said transalkylating is performed at less than 275° C.4. The method of in which said hydrodealkylating is performed above 350° C.5. The method of and which further includes combining elemental hydrogen with the feed stream for hydrodealkylating.6. The method of which includes recovering C10 and higher aromatics and recycling them to said hydrodealkylating.7. The method of in which said recovering C10 and higher aromatics comprises recovering them from the isomerized product.8. The method of which further includes claim 1 , after step a claim 1 , combining supplemental methylated aromatics with the aromatic composition.9. The method of which includes recovering C10 and higher aromatics and recycling them for said transalkylating.10. The method of in which said ...

SIMPLIFIED FUELS REFINING

Systems and methods are provided for refining crude oils and/or other broad boiling range feedstocks to form fuels. A flash separation can be used to separate the feed into a lower boiling fraction and a higher boiling fraction. After the flash separation, the higher boiling portion is passed into a pyrolysis reactor for conversion of higher boiling compounds and formation of light olefins. The lower boiling fraction can be combined with the resulting pyrolysis effluent as a quench stream. The combined, partially pyrolyzed stream can then be passed into an olefin oligomerization process to convert the olefins formed during pyrolysis into naphtha and/or diesel boiling range compounds. After the olefin oligomerization process, one or more separations can be performed to generate various fractions, including but not limited to a naphtha fraction, a distillate fuel fraction, a fuel oil fraction, a light hydrocarbon recycle stream, and a CO-containing stream. Optionally, the naphtha fraction, the distillate fraction, and/or the fuel oil fraction can be hydrotreated. 1. A method for converting a feed into fuels fractions , comprising:performing a flash separation on a feedstock comprising hydrocarbons to form a lower boiling fraction and a higher boiling fraction, the lower boiling fraction comprising 10 wt % or more of the feedstock and a 343° C.− portion, the higher boiling fraction comprising 10 wt % or more of the feedstock and a 538° C.+ portion;{'sub': 2', '3, 'exposing the higher boiling fraction to fluidized bed pyrolysis conditions in a pyrolysis reactor to form a pyrolysis effluent comprising 20 wt % or more of C-Colefins;'}combining at least a portion of the pyrolysis effluent with the lower boiling fraction to form a combined effluent, a temperature of the combined effluent being lower than the pyrolysis effluent by 100° C. or more;exposing at least a portion of the combined effluent to a catalyst in an oligomerization zone under fluidized bed olefin ...

SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR CONVERSION OF ETHYLENE FEEDSTOCKS TO HYDROCARBON FUELS

Systems, processes, and catalysts are disclosed for obtaining fuel and fuel blends containing selected ratios of open-chain and closed-chain fuel-range hydrocarbons suitable for production of alternate fuels including gasolines, jet fuels, and diesel fuels. Fuel-range hydrocarbons may be derived from ethylene-containing feedstocks and ethanol-containing feedstocks. 144-. (canceled)45. A process , comprising:a) passing a feedstock comprising ethylene to a gas purification zone to remove water, providing a purified feedstock;b) passing the purified feedstock to a first oligomerization stage to oligomerize the ethylene in the purified feedstock by contacting the ethylene with a catalyst comprising a metal deposited on a support at a temperature from about 40° C. to 220° C. to form a first oligomerization product, wherein the first oligomerization product comprises a majority concentration of mixed olefins with a carbon number from about C4 to about C8; andc) passing the first oligomerization product to a second oligomerization stage to oligomerize the mixed olefins by contacting the mixed olefins with a solid acid catalyst at a temperature from greater than 150° C. to about 450° C. to form a second oligomerization product, wherein the second oligomerization product contains mixed linear olefins and branched olefins with a carbon number from about C8 to about C23 in a yield of greater than or equal to 20% useful as fuels and fuel blend stocks.46. The process of claim 45 , wherein the ethylene-containing feedstock is derived from ethanol.47. The process of claim 45 , wherein the ethylene-containing feedstock is derived from methanol.48. The process of claim 45 , wherein the second oligomerization product further comprises aromatic compounds at a concentration of less than or equal to about 4% by weight.49. The process of claim 45 , wherein the second oligomerization product further comprises aromatic compounds at a concentration from about 4% to about 20% by weight.50. ...

REACTORS AND SYSTEMS FOR OXIDATIVE COUPLING OF METHANE

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for the oxidative coupling of methane to generate hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C compounds). The method can include mixing a first gas stream comprising methane with a second gas stream comprising oxygen to form a third gas stream comprising methane and oxygen and performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using the third gas stream to produce a product stream comprising one or more C compounds. 129.-. (canceled)30. A method for producing hydrocarbon compounds including two or more carbon atoms (C compounds) , the method comprising:{'sub': 2', '2', '2+', '4, '(a) performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction in an OCM reactor to produce an OCM effluent comprising carbon dioxide (CO), hydrogen (H), one or more C compounds, and methane (CH);'}{'sub': 2+', '2', '2', '4, '(b) separating the OCM effluent into (i) a first stream comprising at least some of the one or more C compounds and (ii) a second stream comprising carbon monoxide (CO), CO, H, and CH;'}{'sub': 4', '2', '2, '(c) methanating the second stream to produce a first OCM reactor feed comprising CHformed from the Hand CO and/or COin the second stream;'}{'sub': 4', '2', '4, '(d) methanating a third stream comprising CHand Hto produce a second OCM reactor feed comprising CH, which third stream is from an ethylene cracker; and'}(e) directing the first and second OCM reactor feeds to the OCM reactor.31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the second stream and the third stream are methanated in a single methanation reactor.32. The method of claim 30 , further comprising providing at least a portion of the first stream to the ethylene cracker.33. The method of claim 32 , wherein the at least the portion of the first stream is provided to a gas compressor or a fractionation unit of the ethylene cracker.34. The method of claim 30 , wherein the third stream is the overhead stream of a demethanizer unit of ...

A PROCESS FOR CONVERSION OF HYDROCARBONS

The present disclosure relates to conversion of hydrocarbons. A hydrocarbon feed is hydroprocessed wherein it is hydrocracked in the presence of a catalyst to obtain different hydrocarbon products, which can be suitably processed further to obtain valuable hydrocarbon products. 1. A process for conversion of hydrocarbons , said process comprising the following steps:i. mixing the hydrocarbon feed, hydrogen and a catalyst in a mixer to obtain a combined feed;ii. preheating said combined feed in a preheater to obtain a preheated feed;iii. hydrocracking said preheated feed under hydrogen atmosphere in a hydrocracker at a temperature in the range of 300° C. to 500° C., preferably in the range of 320° C. to 480° C. and at a pressure in the range of 2 bar to 80 bar, preferably in the range of 15 bar to 50 bar to obtain a hydrocracked stream;iv. fractionating said hydrocracked stream to separate into fractions including a top fraction, a middle fraction and a bottom fraction;v. recycling at least a portion of said bottom fraction to said hydrocracker of step (iii);vi. processing said middle fraction and another portion of said bottom fraction to obtain a light fraction and a heavy fraction; andvii. recycling said heavy fraction to said hydrocracker of step (iii).2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon feed comprises at least one feed selected from the group consisting of crude oil claim 1 , tar sand claim 1 , bituminous oil claim 1 , oil sands bitumen claim 1 , and shale oil.3. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said catalyst comprises at least one metal or a metallic compound of said metal selected from the group consisting of chromium claim 1 , manganese claim 1 , iron claim 1 , cobalt claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , zirconium claim 1 , niobium claim 1 , molybdenum claim 1 , tungsten claim 1 , ruthenium claim 1 , rhodium claim 1 , tin claim 1 , and tantalum.4. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said top fraction comprises hydrocarbons ...

PROCESS FOR CONVERTING C2-C5 HYDROCARBONS TO GASOLINE AND DIESEL FUEL BLENDSTOCKS

A process for converting C2-5 alkanes to higher value C5-24 hydrocarbon fuels and blendstocks. The C2-5 alkanes are converted to olefins by thermal olefination, without the use of a dehydrogenation catalyst and without the use of steam. The product olefins are fed to an oligomerization reactor containing a zeolite catalyst to crack, oligomerize and cyclize the olens to the fuel products which are then recovered. Optionally, hydrogen and methane are removed from the product olefin stream prior to oligomerization. Further optionally, C2-5 alkanes are removed from the product olefin stream prior to oligomerization. 1{'sub': 2-5', '2-5', '2-5', '2-5, 'passing a fresh, Calkane-rich feedstream through a thermal olefination reactor, the fresh, Calkane-rich feedstream containing at least 90 wt % Cfeed alkanes, the thermal olefination reactor operating without a dehydrogenation catalyst and without steam, the olefination reactor converting the Cfeed alkanes to product olefins in an effluent olefination stream;'}{'sub': '2-4', 'passing at least a portion of the effluent olefination stream to an oligomerization reactor containing a zeolite catalyst and operating at a temperature, pressure and space velocity to crack, oligomerize and cyclize the product olefins to form an effluent oligomerization stream comprising the fuel products, unconverted Calkanes and methane;'}{'sub': 2-4', '2-5, 'passing a recycle stream comprising unconverted Calkanes and methane from the effluent oligomerization stream back through the thermal olefination reactor, the olefination reactor operating at a temperature, pressure and space velocity to convert at least 80 wt % of the feed Calkanes to product olefins in the effluent olefination stream; and'}recovering the fuel products from the effluent oligomerization stream.. A method for converting Calkanes to a broad-range of fuel products constituting higher-value Chydrocarbon fuels or fuel blendstocks, comprising: This application claims the benefit of ...

Process and system for hydrodearylation and hydrogenation of aromatic complex bottoms

Processes and systems are disclosed for improving the yield from reforming processes. Aromatic complex bottoms, or a heavy fraction thereof, are subjected to hydrodearylation and hydrogenation to produce additional gasoline blending components and aromatic products.

Process and system for hydrogenation, hydrocracking and catalytic conversion of aromatic complex bottoms

Processes and systems are disclosed for improving the yield from reforming processes. Aromatic complex bottoms, or a heavy fraction thereof, are subjected to hydrogenation/hydrocracking, followed by catalytic conversion, to produce additional gasoline and higher-quality aromatic compounds.

FISCHER-TROPSCH JET FUEL PROCESS

The invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch jet fuel refining process which has a jet fuel yield in excess of 60% by mass, said process including at least four of the following Five conversion processes: a. hydrocracking one or more of a FT kerosene and heavier material fraction and a C9 and heavier FT Syncrude fraction; b. oligomerising an FT syncrude fraction including hydrocarbons in the range C2 to C8; c. hydrotreating one or more of an FT syncrude fraction, a product from process b., and an alkylated FT syncrude fraction; d. aromatizing one or more of an FT syncrude fraction including hydrocarbons in the range C2 to C8, a product from process a., a product from process b, a product from process c., and a product from an aromatic alkylation process; and e. alkylating one or more of an FT syncrude fraction including hydrocarbons in the C2 to C6 range, a product from process b., and a product from process d. 1. A Fischer-Tropsch jet fuel refining process which has a jet fuel yield in excess of about 60% by mass , said process including at least four of the following five conversion steps:a) hydrocracking one or more of a FT kerosene and heavier material fraction and C9 and heavier FT syncrude fraction;b) oligomerizing an FT syncrude fraction including hydrocarbons in the range of about C2 to about C8;c) hydrotreating one or more of an FT syncrude fraction, a product from step b, and an alkylated FT syncrude fraction;d) aromatizing one or more of an FT syncrude fraction including hydrocarbons in the range of about C2 to about C8, a product from process a, a product from step b, a product from step c, and a product from an aromatic alkylation process; ande) alkylating one or more of an FT syncrude fraction including hydrocarbons in the range of about C2 to about C6, a product from step b, and a product from step d.2. The process as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the conversion steps b and e are combined when step b is carried out using SPA catalyst.3. The process as ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF KEROSENE FROM BUTANOLS

The invention relates to a process for the production of middle-distillate hydrocarbon-containing bases from a butanol feedstock, with said process comprising at least the following stages: 1. Process for the production of middle-distillate hydrocarbon-containing bases from a butanol feedstock , with said process comprising at least:a) A stage for isomerizing dehydration of said butanol feedstock in the presence of an amorphous or zeolitic acid catalyst in at least one reactor, operating at an absolute pressure at the reactor inlet of between 0.5 and 1.2 MPa and at a temperature at the reactor inlet of between 350 and 450° C. in such a way as to produce an effluent that is for the most part butylene,b) A stage for separation of the water that is present in said butylenic effluent that operates at a pressure of between 0.5 and 1.2 MPa and at a temperature of between 35 and 60° C.,c) A stage for purification of the organic liquid effluent that comes from stage b) in such a way as to produce a purified organic effluent,{'sup': '−1', 'd) A first stage for oligomerization of a feedstock that comprises at least a portion of the purified organic effluent that comes from stage c), the entire effluent that comes from stage g), and at least a portion of the light product that comes from stage 0 in the presence of an amorphous catalyst in at least one reactor that operates at an absolute pressure of between 0.5 and 10 MPa, at a temperature of between 40 and 110° C., and at an hourly volumetric flow rate of between 0.1 and 10 h, in such a way as to produce a first oligomerization effluent, comprising at least 50% by weight of olefins having a number of carbon atoms that is greater than or equal to 8, with the percentage by weight being expressed relative to the total mass of olefins contained in said effluent,'}{'sup': '−1', 'e) A second stage for oligomerization of said first oligomerization effluent, in the presence of an amorphous catalyst in at least one reactor that ...

HIGH VISCOSITY BASE STOCK COMPOSITIONS

Methods are provided for producing Group II base stocks having high viscosity and also having one or more properties indicative of a high quality base stock. The resulting Group II base stocks can have a viscosity at 100° C. and/or a viscosity at 40° C. that is greater than the corresponding viscosity for a conventional Group II base stock. Additionally, the resulting Group II base stocks can have one or more properties that are indicative of a high quality base stock. 116.-. (canceled)17. A method of forming a base stock composition , comprising:introducing a feedstock having a viscosity index of 50 to 120, a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 12 cSt or less, a sulfur content less than 0.03 wt %, and an aromatics content less than 10 wt %, into a coupling reaction stage under effective coupling conditions to form a coupled effluent; and{'sub': w', 'n, 'fractionating the coupled effluent to form at least a first product fraction having a viscosity index of 50 to 120, a polydispersity (M/M) of at least 1.15, a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least 14 cSt, a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of at least 150 cSt, and a pour point of 0° C. or less.'}18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising exposing at least a portion of the coupled effluent to a catalyst under effective catalytic processing conditions to form a catalytically processed effluent claim 17 , wherein fractionating at least a portion of the coupled effluent comprises fractionating at least a portion of the catalytically processed effluent.19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the effective catalytic processing conditions comprises at least one of hydrotreatment conditions claim 17 , catalytic dewaxing conditions claim 17 , and hydrofinishing conditions.20. The method of claim 17 , wherein the feedstock comprises a paraffin content of at least 90 wt %. This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/254,756 filed Nov. 13, 2015, which is herein incorporated by reference in its ...

HIGH VISCOSITY BASE STOCK COMPOSITIONS

Methods are provided for producing Group I base stocks having high viscosity and also having one or more properties indicative of a high quality base stock. The resulting Group I base stocks can have a viscosity at 100° C. and/or a viscosity at 40° C. that is greater than the corresponding viscosity for a conventional Group I bright stock formed by solvent processing. Additionally, the resulting Group I base stocks can have one or more properties that are indicative of a high quality base stock. 113-. (canceled)14. A method of forming a base stock composition , comprising:introducing a feedstock having a viscosity index of 50 to 120, a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 12 cSt or less, and at least one of a sulfur content greater than 0.03 wt % and an aromatics content greater than 10 wt %, into a coupling reaction stage under effective coupling conditions to form a coupled effluent; and{'sub': w', 'n, 'fractionating at least a portion of the coupled effluent to form at least a first product fraction having a viscosity index of at least 50, a polydispersity (M/M) of at least 1.4, a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least 35 cSt, a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of at least 600 cSt, and a pour point of 0° C. or less.'}15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the effective coupling conditions comprise exposing the feedstock to at least 20 wt % dialkyl peroxide relative to a combined weight of feedstock and peroxide.16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the effective coupling conditions comprise acid-catalyzed coupling conditions.17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising exposing at least a portion of the coupled effluent to a catalyst under effective catalytic processing conditions to form a catalytically processed effluent claim 14 , wherein fractionating at least a portion of the coupled effluent comprises fractionating at least a portion of the catalytically processed effluent.18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the effective catalytic processing conditions ...

HIGH VISCOSITY BASE STOCK COMPOSITIONS

Methods are provided for producing Group III base stocks having high viscosity and also having one or more properties indicative of a high quality base stock. The resulting Group III base stocks can have a viscosity at 100° C. and/or a viscosity at 40° C. that is greater than the corresponding viscosity for a conventional Group III base stock. Additionally, the resulting Group III base stocks can have one or more properties that are indicative of a high quality base stock. 110.-. (canceled)11. A base stock composition having a number average molecular weight (M) of 2500 g/mol to 10000 g/mol , a weight average molecular weight (M) of 4000 g/mol to 30000 g/mol , a polydispersity (M/M) of at least 1.6 , a sulfur content of 0.03 wt % or less , an aromatics content of 10 wt % or less , a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least 2500 cSt , a viscosity at 40° C. of at least 350 cSt , and a viscosity index of 120 to 180.12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the polydispersity is at least 2.0.13. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the composition has 24.0 wt % or less of epsilon carbons as determined by C-NMR.14. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the weight average molecular weight (M) is at least 5000 g/mol.15. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the composition has a density of 0.86 g/cmto 0.91 g/cm.16. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the composition has a) a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of at least 3000 cSt; b) a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of at least 350 cSt; or c) a combination thereof.17. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the viscosity index is at least 130.18. A method of forming a base stock composition claim 11 , comprising:introducing a feedstock having a viscosity index of 50 to 150, a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 12 cSt or less, a sulfur content less than 0.03 wt %, and an aromatics content less than 10 wt %, into a coupling reaction stage under effective coupling conditions to form a coupled effluent; and{'sub': w', 'n, ' ...

Catalyst composite for the reduction of olefins in the fcc naphtha stream

The present disclosure relates to a catalyst composition comprising (a) at least one rare earth metal, (b) at least one zeolite, and (c) at least one diluent, wherein, said rare earth metal is impregnated in at least one of (b) and (c); the ratio of said zeolite to said diluent ranges from 1:9 to 9:1; and the amount of said rare earth metal is in the range of 0.1 to 20 w/w %. The present disclosure also relates to a process for preparing a catalyst composition. Further, the present disclosure relates to a process for reducing the olefin content in a hydrocarbon stream using the catalyst of the present disclosure.

Linear alkylbenzenes from natural oils and methods of producing

A linear alkyl benzene product and production of linear alkylbenzene from a natural oil are provided. A method comprises the step of deoxygenating the natural oils to form a stream comprising paraffins. The paraffins are dehydrogenated to provide mono-olefins. Then, benzene is alkylated with the mono-olefins under alkylation conditions to provide an alkylation effluent comprising alkylbenzenes and benzene. Thereafter, the alkylbenzenes are isolated to provide the alkylbenzene product.

PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BASE OIL

Processes are provided for producing hydrocarbon base oils from alcohols, including by converting one or more alcohols into linear alpha olefins, and then forming branched oligomers with one or more olefin feedstock(s) which are subsequently hydrogenated and fractionated. A process for the preparation of a mixture of branched saturated hydrocarbons can include (a) forming an oligomerization reaction mixture having an oligomerization catalyst system and an olefin monomer mixture, wherein the olefin monomer mixture has an average carbon number in the range of 9.5 to 13, and at least 10% of the olefin monomers in the olefin monomer mixture have a carbon number difference of at least four carbons, (b) oligomerizing the olefin monomers in the oligomerization reaction mixture to produce an oligomer product, (c) separating unreacted olefin monomer from the oligomer product to produce a purified oligomer product, (d) hydrogenating the purified oligomer product, and (e) distilling the hydrogenated oligomer product. 1. A process for the preparation of a mixture of branched saturated hydrocarbons , the process comprising:(a) forming an oligomerization reaction mixture comprising an oligomerization catalyst system and an olefin monomer mixture, wherein the olefin monomer mixture has an average carbon number in the range of 9.5 to 13, and at least 10% of the olefin monomers in the olefin monomer mixture have a carbon number difference of at least four carbons,(b) oligomerizing the olefin monomers in the oligomerization reaction mixture to produce an oligomer product comprising dimers, trimers, and higher oligomers,(c) separating unreacted olefin monomer from the oligomer product to produce a purified oligomer product,(d) hydrogenating the purified oligomer product to form a mixture of branched saturated hydrocarbons having a Bromine Index below 1000 as determined in accordance with ASTM D2710-09, and(e) distilling the hydrogenated oligomer product.2. The process of wherein the ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCK AND APPARATUS RELATING THERETO

One exemplary embodiment can be a process for producing a chemical feedstock. The process can include passing a feed to a hydrotreatment zone, passing an effluent from the hydrotreatment zone to a fractionation zone, passing a stream including one or more C5-C25 hydrocarbons from the fractionation zone to a fluid catalytic cracking zone to obtain an another stream including one or more C6-C10 hydrocarbons, and passing the another stream to an adsorption zone for removing at least one heteroatom compound having a sulfur or a nitrogen atom. 1. A process for producing a chemical feedstock , comprising:A) passing a feed to a hydrotreatment zone;B) passing an effluent from the hydrotreatment zone to a fractionation zone;C) passing a stream comprising one or more C5-C25 hydrocarbons from the fractionation zone to a fluid catalytic cracking zone to obtain an another stream comprising one or more C6-C 10 hydrocarbons; andD) passing the another stream to an adsorption zone for removing at least one heteroatom compound having a sulfur or a nitrogen atom.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the another stream is passed through a further hydrotreatment zone prior to the adsorption zone.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the another stream has a content of the at least one heteroatom compound of no more than about 1 to about 5 ppm claim 2 , by weight.4. The process according to claim 3 , further comprising passing the another stream to the adsorption zone.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the adsorption zone comprises a molecular sieve.6. The process according to claim 4 , further comprising obtaining an effluent from the adsorption zone having a content of the at least one heteroatom compound of no more than about 0.5 ppm claim 4 , by weight.7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the stream comprising one or more C5-C25 hydrocarbons has a boiling point range of about 25° to about 410° C. claim 1 , and another stream comprising one or more ...

PRODUCTION OF OLEFINIC DIESEL AND CORRESPONDING OLIGOMERS

Feeds containing triglycerides are processed to produce an olefinic diesel fuel product. The olefinic diesel can optionally be oligomerized to form a lubricant base oil product. The olefinic diesel is generated by deoxygenating the triglyceride-containing feed using processing conditions that enhance preservation of olefins that are present in the triglycerides. The triglyceride-containing feed is processed in the presence of a catalyst containing a Group VI metal or a Group VIII metal and optionally a physical promoter metal. 115.-. (canceled)16. A distillate product having a cetane rating of at least 40 comprising at least about 50 wt % of molecules containing from 12 carbons to 18 carbons , an olefin to paraffin ratio of at least about 0.06 , an oxygen content of about 1.0 wt % or less , a sulfur content of 50 wppm or less , and a T95 boiling point of 370° C. or less.17. The distillate product of claim 16 , wherein the olefin to paraffin ratio is at least about 0.075.18. The distillate product of claim 16 , wherein the oxygen content is about 0.5 wt % or less.19. The distillate product of claim 16 , wherein the distillate product comprises at least about 40 wt % olefins.20. (canceled) This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/617,970 filed Mar. 30, 2012, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.This invention relates to methods for processing to make diesel fuels, lubricant base stocks, and/or diesel or lubricant additives from renewable feed sources.Regulations related to renewable fuels provide an example of how product requirements can change over time. The United States, Canada, and the European Union have recently increased and/or are likely to increase the required amount of product from renewable sources that is contained in transportation fuels. Based on such regulatory requirements, fuels from vegetable, animal, or algae sources such as “biodiesel” will become increasingly important as a refinery product. As a ...

Methods and apparatuses for producing xylene from propylbenzene

Methods and apparatuses are provided for producing xylene. A method includes combining a propylbenzene containing feed with a xylene raffinate stream, where the xylene raffinate stream is provided from a xylene recovery unit. The xylene raffinate stream and the propylbenzene containing feed are isomerized in an isomerization unit to produce an xylene isomerization effluent stream, where the xylene isomerization effluent stream includes aromatic compounds having 8, 9, or 10 carbons atoms. The aromatic compounds having 8 carbon atoms are separated from the aromatic compounds having 9 or 10 carbons, and the aromatic compounds having 8 carbons are fed to the xylene recovery unit. The aromatic compounds having 9 or 10 carbons are transalkylated with toluene to produce xylene.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF JET-RANGE HYDROCARBONS

A method for producing jet-range hydrocarbons includes passing a renewable olefin feedstock comprising Cto Colefins to an oligomerization reactor containing a zeolite catalyst to produce an oligomerized effluent, separating the oligomerized effluent into at least a C− hydrocarbon stream, a heavy olefin stream, and a jet range olefin stream. At least a portion of the heavy olefin stream is recycled to the oligomerization reactor to dilute the renewable Colefin feedstock. The jet range olefin stream may be hydrotreated and separated to provide a jet range hydrocarbon product. 1. A process for producing jet range hydrocarbons comprising:{'sub': 3', '8, 'oligomerizing a renewable olefin feedstock comprising Cto Colefins in an oligomerization reactor containing a catalyst comprising a MTT zeolite that has not been selectivated, and operating the oligomerization reactor under conditions to produce an oligomerized effluent;'}{'sub': '8+', 'separating the oligomerized effluent to produce a light hydrocarbon stream, a naphtha olefin hydrocarbon stream, and a heavy stream comprising C olefins; and,'}separating the heavy stream into jet range olefin stream and an olefin recycle stream comprising diesel range olefins; and,diluting the renewable olefin feedstock with at least a portion of the olefin recycle stream.2. The process of further comprising:blending a portion of the olefin recycle stream in a diesel blending pool.3. The process of further comprising:hydrogenating the portion of the olefin recycle stream blended in the diesel blending pool before blending.4. The process of further comprising:recycling at least a portion of the naphtha olefin hydrocarbon stream to the oligomerization reactor.5. The process of further comprising:hydrogenating the jet range olefin stream in a hydrogenation zone having a hydrogenating reactor to provide a hydrogenated effluent.6. The process of further comprising:separating the hydrogenated effluent into a vent gas stream and a jet range ...

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF JET-RANGE HYDROCARBONS

A method for producing jet-range hydrocarbons includes passing a renewable olefin feedstock comprising Cto Colefins to an oligomerization reactor containing a zeolite catalyst to produce an oligomerized effluent, separating the oligomerized effluent into at least a light stream, and a heavy olefin stream. At least a first portion of the heavy olefin stream is recycled to the oligomerization reactor to dilute the renewable olefin feedstock. portion of heavy olefin stream may be hydrogenated and separated to provide a jet range hydrocarbon product. 1. process for producing hydrocarbons comprising:{'sub': 3', '8, 'oligomerizing a renewable olefin feedstock comprising Cto Colefins in an oligomerization reactor containing a catalyst comprising a MTT zeolite that has not been selectivated and operating the oligomerization reactor under conditions to produce an oligomerized effluent;'}{'sub': '8', 'separating the oligomerized effluent to produce a light hydrocarbon stream, a naphtha hydrocarbon stream and a heavy stream comprising C+ olefins;'}splitting the heavy stream into a first portion and a second portion; and,diluting the renewable olefin feedstock with the first portion of the heavy stream.2. The process of further comprising:controlling a flow rate of the first portion of the heavy stream.3. The process of wherein the flow rate of the first portion of the heavy stream is controlled to obtain a ΔT from an inlet to an outlet in the oligomerization reactor of at least 25° C. and no more than 60° C.4. The process of further comprising:hydrogenating the second portion of the heavy stream in a hydrogenation zone having a hydrogenation reactor to provide a hydrogenated stream.5. The process of further comprising:separating the hydrogenated stream into a vent gas stream and a saturated distillate stream.6. The process of further comprising:separating the saturated distillate stream into a saturated jet range stream and a saturated diesel range hydrocarbons stream.7. The ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR IMPROVING LIQUID YIELDS AND COKE MORPHOLOGY FROM A COKER

Systems and methods of coking are provided that crack feeds and/or products of the coker to improve liquid yields and/or increase the Conradson carbon residue of the hydrocarbon feed to the coker. 1. A method of coking comprising:subjecting a hydrocarbon feed to hydrodynamic cavitation to crack at least a portion of the hydrocarbon molecules present in the hydrocarbon feed and thereby produce a cavitated hydrocarbon feed; andfeeding at least a portion of the cavitated hydrocarbon feed to a coker.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon feed comprises a residual oil claim 1 , the residual oil accounting for at least 50 wt % of the hydrocarbon feed.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the residual oil accounts for at least 80 wt % of the hydrocarbon feed.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein when the hydrocarbon feed is subjected to hydrodynamic cavitation claim 1 , a portion of the hydrocarbons in the hydrocarbon feed are converted to lower molecular weight hydrocarbons.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein 1 to 35 wt % of a 1050+° F. boiling point fraction of the hydrocarbon feed are converted to lower molecular weight hydrocarbons.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon feed has a T95 of at least 1000° F.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon feed is subjected to a pressure drop of at least 400 psig when subjected to hydrodynamic cavitation.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the pressure drop is greater than 1000 psig.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the pressure drop is greater than 2000 psig.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cavitated hydrocarbon feed is fed to a coker product fractionator before at least a portion of the cavitated hydrocarbon feed is fed to the coker.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cavitated hydrocarbon feed is fed to a single stage flash unit wherein a vapor stream is separated from a liquid stream and the liquid stream is fed to the coker.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein a product of the coker is fed ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION OF HIGHER OLEFINS IN THE OLEFIN SYNTHESIS FROM OXYGENATES

A process and a plant for producing olefins from oxygenates such as methanol and/or dimethyl ether are proposed, in which initially the oxygenates are converted to a primary product containing propylene, other olefins, paraffins and aromatics in an olefin synthesis reactor. The primary product is separated into hydrocarbon fractions of different C chain length, wherein short-chain olefins such as propylene are obtained and beside further fractions there is also obtained a C fraction which contains C/Colefins, as well as a C fraction which contains aromatics. From the latter, the aromatics are separated and alkylated with the C/Colefins to obtain alkyl aromatics. The same are hydrogenated completely and recirculated to the olefin synthesis reactor, where they likewise are converted to short-chain olefins. 112-. (canceled)13. A process for producing olefins , in particular propylene , from oxygenates , comprising the following steps:(a) heterogeneously catalyzed converting of an educt mixture comprising steam and oxygenates under oxygenate conversion conditions in an olefin synthesis reactor to a primary product containing propylene, other olefins, paraffins and aromatics;{'sub': 5−', '5+, '(b) separating the primary product by means of physical separation processes into a C fraction, a C fraction and an aqueous phase containing non-converted oxygenates;'}{'sub': '5−', '(c) separating the C fraction by multistage distillation, wherein a propylene product stream and several olefin-containing hydrocarbon fractions are obtained, wherein the several olefin-containing hydrocarbon fractions are at least partly recirculated to the olefin synthesis reactor;'}(d) separating the non-converted oxygenates from the aqueous phase by means of a thermal separation process, recirculation of the separated, non-converted oxygenates and at least a part of the water to the olefin synthesis reactor;{'sub': 5+', '7−', '5', '6', '7+, '(e) separating the C fraction by multistage distillation, ...

CATALYTIC ACTIVATION AND ALKYLATION OF ISOPENTANE-ENRICHED MIXTURES

The present disclosure relates generally to processes and systems for producing liquid transportation fuels by converting a feed stream that comprises both isopentane and n-pentane, and optionally, some C6+ hydrocarbons. Isopentane and smaller hydrocarbons are separated to form a first fraction while n-pentane and larger components of the feed stock form a second fraction. Each fraction is then catalytically-activated in a separate reaction zone with a separate catalyst, where the conditions maintained in each zone maximize the conversion of each fraction to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. In certain embodiments, the first fraction is activated at a lower temperature than the second fraction. Certain embodiments additionally comprise mixing at least a portion of the two effluents and contacting with an alkylation catalyst to provide enhanced yields of mono-alkylated aromatics that are suitable for use as a blend component of liquid transportation fuels or other value-added chemical products. 1. A method for converting a feedstock comprising pentanes to produce a liquid transportation fuel , comprising:a. providing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising at least 50 wt. % pentanes, including both n-pentane and isopentane, wherein the hydrocarbon feed stream further comprises less than 10 wt. % of hydrocarbons containing four or fewer carbons; i. a first fraction comprising at least 80% of the isopentane present in the feed stream, and at least 90% of hydrocarbons present in the feed stream that are characterized by a vapor pressure equal to or greater than the vapor pressure of isopentane;', 'ii. a second fraction that comprises at least 80% of the n-pentane present in the feed stream and at least 90% of any hydrocarbons containing six or more carbons that were in the feed stream;, "b. at least partially separating various constituents in the hydrocarbon feed stream according to each constituent's characteristic vapor ...

SYSTEMS FOR CATALYTIC ACTIVATION OF ISOPENTANE-ENRICHED MIXTURES

The present disclosure relates generally to systems operable to produce liquid transportation fuels by converting a hydrocarbon feed stream that comprises both isopentane and n-pentane, and optionally, some C6+ hydrocarbons. The system separates the hydrocarbon feed stream to form a first fraction comprising isopentane and smaller hydrocarbons, and a second fraction comprising n-pentane and larger components of the hydrocarbon feeds stream. Each fraction is then catalytically-activated in a separate activation reactor containing a separate activation catalyst, where the conditions maintained in each reactor are selected to maximize the conversion of each fraction to olefins and aromatics, while minimizing the production of C1-C4 light paraffins. In certain embodiments, the first activation reactor is maintained at a lower temperature than the second activation reactor. Certain embodiments of the system mix at least a portion of the effluents from the first and second activation reactor and convert the resulting mixed effluent in either an oligomerization reactor containing an oligomerization catalyst or an oligomerization reactor containing an alkylation catalyst to provide enhanced yields of upgraded hydrocarbon products that are characterized as a liquid transportation fuel or a blend component thereof. 1. A system configured to convert a feedstock comprising pentanes to produce a liquid transportation fuel , the system comprising:a) a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising at least 50 wt. % pentanes, including both n-pentane and isopentane, wherein the hydrocarbon feed stream further comprises less than 10 wt. % of hydrocarbons containing four or fewer carbons; i. a first fraction comprising at least 80% of the isopentane present in the feed stream, and at least 90% of hydrocarbons present in the hydrocarbon feed stream that are characterized by a vapor pressure equal to or greater than the vapor pressure of isopentane;', 'ii. a second fraction that comprises at ...

Method for processing an inferior gasoline and a system for processing the same

A method for processing an inferior gasoline and a system for processing the same. In the method, a full range gasoline is subjected to a directional sulfur transfer reaction, then is cut to obtain a light gasoline fraction, a medium gasoline fraction and a heavy gasoline fraction; the light gasoline fraction is treated to obtain an alkylated light gasoline; the medium gasoline fraction is treated to obtain a raffinate oil and an extracted oil; the raffinate oil is treated to obtain an esterified medium gasoline; the heavy gasoline fraction is mixed with the extracted oil to obtain a mixed oil, and an one-stage hydrodesulfurization reaction, a two-stage hydrodesulfurization reaction, HS-removal and a hydrocarbon isomerization/aromatization reaction are carried out successively to obtain a treated heavy gasoline; blending the alkylated light gasoline, the esterified medium gasoline and the treated heavy gasoline to obtain a clean gasoline. 1. A method for processing an inferior gasoline , comprising the steps of:allowing the an inferior gasoline to be contacted with a sulfur-transfer catalyst under the condition of hydrogen and undergo a directional sulfur transfer reaction, and then cutting the gasoline to obtain a light gasoline fraction, a medium gasoline fraction and a heavy gasoline fraction, in which the gasoline is preferably cut into the light gasoline fraction and the heavy component firstly, and then the heavy component is cut into a medium gasoline fraction and a heavy gasoline fraction;mixing the light gasoline fraction with isobutane, wherein the olefins in the light gasoline fraction are subjected to an alkylation reaction under the action of a light gasoline alkylation catalyst, to obtain an alkylated light gasoline;obtaining an olefin-rich raffinate oil and an sulfide- and aromatics-rich extracted oil by separating the medium gasoline fraction by passing through an extractive distillation system;mixing the raffinate oil with formic acid, wherein the ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BENZENE AND LPG2

The invention is directed to a process for producing benzene and LPG comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a source feed stream comprising monoaromatic compounds of formula (I), wherein R1-R5 are the same or different and are chosen from hydrogen or a linear alkyl group of 1-10 carbon atoms, and methanol in an alkylation reactor comprising a basic catalyst to obtain an alkylation product stream and subsequently (b) contacting the alkylation product stream in the presence of hydrogen in a hydrocracking reactor with a hydrocracking catalyst comprising 0.01-1 wt-% hydrogenation metal in relation to the total catalyst weight and a zeolite having a pore size of 5-8 Å and a silica (SiO2) to alumina (Al2O3) molar ratio of 5-200 to produce a hydrocracking product stream comprising benzene and LPG under process conditions including a temperature of 425-580° C., a pressure of 300-5000 kPa gauge and a Weight Hourly Space Velocity of 0.1-15 h. 2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein step (b) involves further feeding in the hydrocracking reactor a second feed stream comprising C5-C12 hydrocarbons.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the monoaromatic compounds comprise toluene claim 1 , xylene and/or 1 claim 1 ,3 claim 1 ,5-trimethyl benzene.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the source feed stream comprises C5-C12 hydrocarbons.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the second feed stream comprises pyrolysis gasoline claim 1 , straight run naphtha claim 1 , light coker naphtha and coke oven light oil or mixtures thereof.6. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of separating the hydrocracking product stream into benzene claim 1 , LPG and optionally a stream comprising alkyl monoaromatic compounds.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the source feed stream comprises the stream comprising the alkyl monoaromatic compounds separated from the hydrocracking product stream and fed back to the alkylation reactor.8. The ...

NEW POLYOLEFIN CATALYST AND USE THEREOF

Disclosed is a new polyolefin catalyst and preparation therefor. Specifically, disclosed is a catalytic system comprising a new complex of iron, cobalt, nickel, palladium, and platinum. In the presence of the catalytic system, oily polyethylene can be efficiently obtained from simple olefins such as ethylene under mild conditions, highly branched oily alkane mixture is then obtained after hydrogenation. The alkane mixture can be used as a processing aid and a high-performance lubricant base oil. The present invention also provides a method for preparing the catalyst, a method for preparing the highly branched oily alkane mixture and a method for preparing functional polyolefin oil. 3. (canceled)68-. (canceled)9. A preparation method of complex of claim 1 , wherein the method comprises the following steps:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2, 'in an inert solvent, treating the compound I with a divalent or trivalent metal salt to provide the complex of wherein the metal salt is selected from the following group: NiCl, NiBr, NiI, (DME)NiBr, PdCl, PdBr, Pd(OTf), Pd(OAc), (COD)PdMeCl, or combinations thereof.'}1011-. (canceled)12. A preparation method of oily polyolefin claim 1 , wherein the method comprises the following steps:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, '(a) olefins polymerization catalyzed by the complex provided in , in the presence of alkylaluminum compound as cocatalyst to form an oily polyolefin; wherein the olefin is ethylene, propylene or C4-C20 α-olefins, inner olefins, dienes, or the mixtures thereof.'}13. The method of claim 12 , wherein further comprises the following steps:(b) hydrogenating the oily polyolefin obtained in step (a) to obtain a hydrogenated oily alkane mixture.14. (canceled)15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the olefin is polar monomer claim 12 , preferably claim 12 , the polar monomer is a C3-C50 olefin which comprises a polar group claim 12 , wherein the polar ...

Process for upgrading refinery heavy hydrocarbons to petrochemicals

The present invention relates to a process for upgrading refinery heavy hydrocarbons to petrochemicals, comprising the following steps of: (a) feeding a hydrocarbon feedstock to a ring opening reaction area; (b) feeding the effluent from (a) to a separation unit for producing gaseous stream comprising light boiling hydrocarbons, a liquid stream comprising naphtha boiling range hydrocarbons and a liquid stream comprising diesel boiling range hydrocarbons; (c) feeding said liquid stream comprising naphtha boiling range hydrocarbons to a hydrocracking unit.

ISOMERIZATION AND CATALYTIC ACTIVATION OF PENTANE-ENRICHED HYDROCARBON MIXTURES

Processes for producing liquid transportation fuels by converting a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising both isopentane and n-pentane. The hydrocarbon feed stream is separated into a first fraction that predominantly comprises isopentane and a second fraction that predominantly comprises n-pentane and some C6 paraffins. The first fraction is catalytically activated to an activation effluent comprising olefins and aromatics, while the second fraction is isomerized to convert at least a portion of the n-pentane to isopentane, then combined with the hydrocarbon feed stream to allow the newly-produced isopentane to be separated into the first fraction. The process yields products that are suitable for use as a blend component of liquid transportation fuels. 1. A method for converting a feed stream comprising pentanes to produce a liquid transportation fuel , the method comprising:a) providing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising at least 50 wt. % pentanes, including both n-pentane and isopentane; a first fraction that comprises at least 80% of the isopentane present in the hydrocarbon feed stream (on a molar basis), and that further comprises at least 90% of hydrocarbons present in the hydrocarbon feed stream (on a molar basis) that are characterized by a vapor pressure equal to or greater than the vapor pressure of isopentane, and', 'a second fraction that comprises at least 80% of the n-pentane content of the hydrocarbon feed stream (on a molar basis) and at least 90% of hydrocarbons from the hydrocarbon feed stream that contain six or more carbons (on a molar basis);, 'b) at least partially separating the hydrocarbon feed stream in a separator to producec) contacting the first fraction with an activation catalyst at a temperature and a pressure that facilitates catalytic activation of at least a portion of the first fraction by the activation catalyst to produce an activation effluent comprising olefins containing from two to five carbon atoms, monocyclic aromatics ...

METHOD OF PREPARING DRILLING FLUID AND LUBE BASE OIL USING BIOMASS-DERIVED FATTY ACID

Disclosed is a method of preparing a drilling fluid and lube base oil using biomass-derived fatty acid, including hydrogenating a fatty acid mixture derived from fat of biological origin so as to be converted into a fatty alcohol mixture, which is then dehydrated to give a C16 and C18 linear internal olefin mixture, which is then oligomerized to give olefinic lube base oil, followed by hydrofinishing to remove the olefin, yielding high-quality lube base oil (e.g. Group III or higher lube base oil). The C16 and C18 linear internal olefin mixture, which is a reaction intermediate, can be utilized as a high-quality drilling fluid. 1. A method of preparing a drilling fluid and lube base oil using a fatty acid derived from a biomass , comprising:a) providing a biomass-derived fatty acid mixture;b) hydrogenating the fatty acid mixture to give a fatty alcohol mixture;c) dehydrating the fatty alcohol mixture to give a C16 and C18 linear internal olefin mixture;d) oligomerizing the C16 and C18 linear internal olefin mixture to give olefinic lube base oil; ande) hydrofinishing the olefinic lube base oil, yielding Group III or higher lube base oil.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is animal biomass claim 1 , plant biomass claim 1 , or a combination thereof claim 1 ,the animal biomass comprises fish oil, cattle oil, lard, sheep oil, or butter, andthe plant biomass comprises sunflower seed oil, canola oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil, safflower oil, oat oil, olive oil, palm oil, peanut oil, apricot kernel oil, almond oil, avocado oil, camellia oil, rice bran oil, walnut oil, rape oil, flaxseed oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, castor oil, cocoa butter, or palm kernel oil.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid mixture contains at least 80 wt % of C16 fatty acid claim 1 , C18 fatty acid claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid mixture provided in a) has 4 to 24 carbon atoms.5. The ...

SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES FOR CONVERSION OF ETHYLENE FEEDSTOCKS TO HYDROCARBON FUELS

Systems, processes, and catalysts are disclosed for obtaining fuels and fuel blends containing selected ratios of open-chain and closed-chain fuel-range hydrocarbons suitable for production of alternate fuels including gasolines, jet fuels, and diesel fuels. Fuel-range hydrocarbons may be derived from ethylene-containing feedstocks and ethanol-containing feedstocks. 1. A process for converting feedstocks to distillate range hydrocarbon fuels , comprising:combining together selected portions of a first hydrocarbon product derived from an ethanol-containing feed comprising a majority concentration of mixed cycloparaffin hydrocarbons and mixed closed chain aromatic hydrocarbons with a carbon number from about C2 to about C12; a second hydrocarbon product comprising a selected quantity of alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons; and/or a two-step oligomerization product comprising mixed linear and branched olefins with a carbonnumber from about C8 to about C23 derived from an ethylene-containing feed via a two-step oligomerization process to obtain a blend comprising any selected ratio of open chain and closed chain hydrocarbons.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the two-step oligomerization process comprises:a) passing the ethylene-containing feed to a gas purification zone to remove water, providing a purified feedstock;b) passing the purified feedstock to a first oligomerization stage to oligomerize the ethylene in the purified feedstock by contacting the ethylene with a catalyst comprising a metal deposited on a support at a temperature from about 40° C. to 220° C. to form a first oligomerization product, wherein the first oligomerization product comprises a majority concentration of mixed olefins with a carbon number from about C4 to about C8; andc) passing the first oligomerization product to a second oligomerization stage to oligomerize the mixed olefins by contacting the mixed olefins with a solid acid catalyst at a temperature from greater than 150° C. to about 450° C ...

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR RECYCLING HYDROGEN TO HYDROPROCESS BIORENEWABLE FEED

The process and apparatus enables purification of a recycle hydrogen gas stream from hydroprocessing biorenewable feedstocks. The recycle gas stream is fed to a methanator reactor to hydrogenate carbon monoxide in the gas stream to water and methane. Other acid gases can be removed by scrubbing preferably upstream of the methanator. Removal of carbon monoxide omits the need for a hydrogen purge stream to avoid carbon monoxide accumulation and enables use of the hydrogen for a downstream hydroisomerization reaction. 1. A hydroprocessing process comprising:providing a hydrocarbon feed stream comprising a biorenewable feedstock;hydroprocessing said hydrocarbon feed stream in a hydroprocessing reactor in the presence of a hydrogen stream to provide a hydroprocessed stream;separating said hydroprocessed stream to provide a gaseous stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide and a liquid hydroprocessed stream;methanating said gaseous stream over a methanating catalyst to hydrogenate carbon monoxide to water and methane to provide a methanated gaseous stream; andproviding said hydrogen stream from said methanated gaseous stream.2. The process of further comprising scrubbing acid gases from said gaseous stream.3. The process of further comprising compressing said gaseous stream.4. The process of where said hydrocarbon feed stream comprises at least 5 wt % biorenewable feedstock.5. The process of wherein said separation step incudes stripping light gases from said hydroprocessed stream to provide a stripping overhead gaseous stream and a stripped liquid hydroprocessed stream.6. The process of further comprising removing methane from the process in said stripping overhead gaseous stream.7. The process of further comprising hydroisomerizing said stripped liquid hydroprocessed stream to provide a hydroisomerized stream.8. The process of further comprising separating said hydroisomerized stream and stripping gases from a liquid hydroisomerized stream.9. The process of further ...

Process for the preparation of branched polyolefins for lubricant applications

Aromatics and resins production

Isomerization of butene in the ionic liquid-catalyzed alkylation of light isoparaffins and olefins

A process for producing alkylate comprising contacting a first hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one olefin having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms which contains 1-butene with an isomerization catalyst under conditions favoring the isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butene so the isomerized stream contains a greater concentration of 2-butene than the first hydrocarbon stream and contacting the isomerized stream and a second hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one isoparaffin having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms with an acidic ionic liquid catalyst under alkylation conditions to produce an alkylate stream is disclosed.

Isomerization of butene in the ionic liquid-catalyzed alkylation of light isoparaffins and olefins

A process for producing alkylate comprising contacting a first hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one olefin having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms which contains 1-butene with an isomerization catalyst under conditions favoring the isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butene so the isomerized stream contains a greater concentration of 2-butene than the first hydrocarbon stream and contacting the isomerized stream and a second hydrocarbon stream comprising at least one isoparaffin having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms with an acidic ionic liquid catalyst under alkylation conditions to produce an alkylate stream is disclosed.

Manufacturing a base stock from ethanol

Methods and a system for manufacturing a base stock from an ethanol stream are provided. An example method includes dehydrating an ethanol stream to form an impure ethylene stream, recovering an ethylene stream from the impure ethylene stream, and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A light olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and blended with the ethylene stream prior to the oligomerization. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and hydro-processed to form a hydro-processed stream. The hydro-processed stream is distilled to form the base stock.

Manufacturing hydrocarbons

Systems and a method for manufacturing a base stock from a hydrocarbon stream are provided. An example method includes cracking the hydrocarbon stream to form a raw product stream, separating an ethylene stream from the raw product stream, and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A Light olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and oligomerized the light olefinic stream with the ethylene stream. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream. The heavy olefinic stream is to form a hydro-processed and distilled to form the base stock.

Process for the preparation of branched polyolefins for lubricant applications

Processes to prepare branched polyolefins for lubricant applications comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. Low molecular weight by-products are fractionated out and the oligomer product is converted to a saturated hydrocarbon via hydrogenation.

Catalytic system for preparation of high branched alkane from olefins

Processing method for directly synthesizing high-performance base oil by means of polymerization of low-carbon olefin

The present invention relates to a processing method for directly synthesizing a high-performance base oil by means of the polymerization of a low-carbon olefin. Specifically, disclosed is a method for directly synthesizing a high-performance base oil having low, medium or high viscosity from a low-carbon olefin. The method comprises multiple processes, such as polymerization, hydrogenation, and rectification. The raw materials of the method described in the present invention are easy to obtain, less of the three wastes are produced, pollution is reduced in the production process, and the synthesized base oil has good performance and low production costs.

Catalytic system for preparation of high branched alkane from olefins

The present invention discloses a catalytic system for preparing highly branched alkane from olefin, which contains novel nickel or palladium complexes. In the presence of the catalytic system, highly branched oily alkane mixture can be efficiently obtained from olefins (such as ethylene) under mild conditions. The alkane mixture has a low bromine number, and can be used as a processing aid(s) and lubricant base oil with high-performance. Provides also was a method for preparing the catalyst and a method for preparing an oily olefin polymer.

Catalytic system for preparation of high branched alkane from olefins

The present invention discloses a catalytic system for preparing highly branched alkane from olefin, which contains novel nickel or palladium complexes. In the presence of the catalytic system, highly branched oily alkane mixture can be efficiently obtained from olefins (such as ethylene) under mild conditions. The alkane mixture has a low bromine number, and can be used as a processing aid(s) and lubricant base oil with high-performance. Provides also was a method for preparing the catalyst and a method for preparing an oily olefin polymer.

Manufacturing hydrocarbons

Systems and a method for manufacturing a base stock from a hydrocarbon stream are provided. An example method includes cracking the hydrocarbon stream to form a raw product stream, separating an ethylene stream from the raw product stream, and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A Light olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and oligomerized the light olefinic stream with the ethylene stream. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream. The heavy olefinic stream is to form a hydro-processed and distilled to form the base stock.

Manufacturing a base stock from ethanol

Methods and a system for manufacturing a base stock from an ethanol stream are provided. An example method includes dehydrating an ethanol stream to form an impure ethylene stream, recovering an ethylene stream from the impure ethylene stream, and oligomerizing the ethylene stream to form a raw oligomer stream. A light olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and blended with the ethylene stream prior to the oligomerization. A heavy olefinic stream is distilled from the raw oligomer stream and hydro-processed to form a hydro-processed stream. The hydro-processed stream is distilled to form the base stock.

Reactors and systems for oxidative coupling of methane

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for the oxidative coupling of methane to generate hydrocarbon compounds containing at least two carbon atoms (C 2+ compounds). The method can include mixing a first gas stream comprising methane with a second gas stream comprising oxygen to form a third gas stream comprising methane and oxygen and performing an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reaction using the third gas stream to produce a product stream comprising one or more C 2+ compounds.

Process for heavy oil and bitumen upgrading

A bitumen and heavy oil upgrading process and system is disclosed for the synthesis of hydrocarbons, an example of which is synthetic crude oil (SCO). The process advantageously avoids the waste attributed to residuum and/or petcoke formation which has a dramatic effect on the yield of hydrocarbon material generated. The process integrates Fischer-Tropsch technology with gasification and hydrogen rich gas stream generation. The hydrogen rich gas generation is conveniently effected using singly or in combination a hydrogen source, a hydrogen rich vapor from hydroprocessing and the Fischer-Tropsch process, a steam methane reformer (SMR) and autothermal reformer (ATR) or a combination of SMR/ATR. The feedstock for upgrading is distilled and the bottoms fraction is gasified and converted in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor. A resultant hydrogen lean syngas is then exposed to the hydrogen rich gas stream to optimize the formation of, for example, the synthetic crude oil. The hydrogen lean gas stream may also be effected by a water gas shift reaction, singly or in combination or in addition with the hydrogen rich gas stream generation. A system for effecting the process is also characterized in the specification.

Prosessi perusöljyn valmistamiseksi

Processes for polymerizing internal olefins and compositions thereof

The present disclosure provides base stocks and processes for producing such basestocks by polymerizing internal olefins. The present disclosure further provides base stocks, comprising low molecular weight polyolefin products, having one or more of improved flow, low temperature properties, and thickening efficiency. The present disclosure further provides polyolefin products useful as base stocks and or diesel fuel. In at least one embodiment, a process includes introducing a feedstream comprising C 4 -C 30 internal-olefins with a catalyst system comprising a nickel diimine catalyst optionally in the presence of a solvent. The method includes obtaining a C 6 -C 100 polyolefin product having one or more of a carbon fraction of epsilon-carbons of from about 0.08 to about 0.3, as determined by 13 C NMR spectroscopy, based on the total carbon content of the polyolefin product.

Catalytic oligomerization

Process for the preparation of branched polyolefins for lubricating applications

Un procedimiento para preparar un producto lubricante que comprende: (4) combinar al menos una olefina y al menos un catalizador de coordinación-inserción, donde la al menos una olefina es etileno, y donde el al menos un catalizador de coordinación-inserción es un complejo metal-ligando, donde el complejo metal-ligando es un compuesto de fórmula III**Fórmula** donde M es titanio, circonio, o hafnio, estando cada uno independientemente en un estado de oxidación formal de +2, +3, ó +4; n es un número entero de 0 a 3, donde cuando n es 0, X está ausente; cada X es independientemente un ligando monodentado que es neutro, monoaniónico, o dianiónico, o dos X se toman juntos para formar un ligando bidentado que es neutro, monoaniónico, o dianiónico; X y n se seleccionan de modo que el complejo metal-ligando de fórmula (I) es, en conjunto, neutro; cada Z es independientemente O, S, N(C1-C40)hidrocarbilo, o P(C1-C40)hidrocarbilo; L es (C1- C40)hidrocarbileno o (C1-C40)heterohidrocarbileno, donde el (C1-C40)hidrocarbileno tiene una porción que comprende un esqueleto enlazador de 2 átomos de carbono que une los átomos Z en la fórmula (I) y el (C1- C40)heterohidrocarbileno tiene una porción que comprende un esqueleto enlazador de 2 átomos que une los átomos Z en la fórmula (I), donde cada átomo del enlazador de 2 átomos del (C1- C40)heterohidrocarbileno es independientemente un átomo de carbono o un heteroátomo, donde cada heteroátomo es independientemente O, S, S(O), S(O)2, Si(RC)2, Ge(RC)2, P(RP), o N(RN), donde cada RC es independientemente (C1-C18)hidrocarbilo no sustituido o los dos RC se toman juntos para formar un (C2- C19)alquileno, cada RP es (C1-C18)hidrocarbilo no sustituido; y cada RN es (C1-C18)hidrocarbilo no sustituido, un átomo de hidrógeno o ausente; R1a, R2a, R1b, y R2b es independientemente un hidrógeno, (C1- C40)hidrocarbilo, (C1-C40)heterohidrocarbilo, N(RN)2, NO2, ORC, SRC, Si(RC)3, Ge(RC)3, CN, CF3, F3CO, átomo de halógeno; y cada uno de los otros de R1a, ...

Catalytic system for preparation of high branched alkane from olefins

An α-diimine metal complex catalyst, wherein the metal may be nickel or palladium. The catalyst may be used for direct catalytic polymerization of olefins to provide the olefin polymer, further preparing the highly branched alkane mixtures as oil. The alkane mixtures may be used for preparation of the lubricating oils. Provided also are the method for preparation of the catalyst and uses of the oily olefin polymer.

A method and feedstock for producing hydrocarbons

A method for producing a cracking product comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons, a thermal cracking feedstock, a cracking product comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons, and use of the cracking product for producing polymers are provided.

Turbine and diesel fuels and methods for making the same

A process for making diesel and turbine fuels including, providing an effective amount of branched olefins, adding active heterogeneous acid catalyst(s) to said branched olefins to produce a solvent-free mixture, heating said solvent-free mixture greater than about 100° C. for a desired amount of time depending on various conditions, to produce C 16 dimers/catalyst mixture, removing said catalysts from said dimers/catalyst mixture, and adding hydrogenation catalyst(s) to said dimers under hydrogen atmosphere to produce a mixture of stable fuels.

Process for improving thermal stability of synthetic lubes

A process is disclosed for improving the thermal stability of polyalpha-olefin lubricants by contacting the lubricant with an acidic catalyst for a time and at a temperature sufficient to achieve the skeletal isomerization of the molecular structure of the lubricant. The reaction is carried out preferably on unhydrogenated synthetic lubricants in contact with Lewis acid catalysts. Following the isomerization reaction, the unsaturated lubricant is hydrogenated to produce lubricant with better thermal stability. Surprisingly, when the isomerization reaction is carried out using unsaturated oligomer produced from the oligomerization of alpha-olefins in contact with reduced Group VIB metal oxide catalyst on porous support as starting material the viscometric properties of the lubricant, e.g., viscosity and VI, are not significantly altered, although the thermal stability of the lubricant is substantially increased. The reaction of the present invention may be carried out in the presence of a solvent or neat. Improvements in thermal stability are observed over a wide range of catalyst concentration. Concentrations of about 10 weight percent are preferred with aluminum chloride catalyst.

Poly alpha-olefin compositions and processes to produce poly alpha-olefins

The present disclosure relates to processes to produce a poly alpha-olefin (PAO) composition. In some embodiments, a process includes introducing a first C6-C32 alpha-olefin, a second C6-C32 alpha-olefin different than the first C6-C32 alpha-olefin, and a first catalyst system comprising an activator and a metallocene compound into a first reactor, wherein a molar ratio of the first C6-C32 alpha-olefin to the second C6-C32 alpha-olefin is from about 1:5 to about 5:1, by total moles of the first and second C6-C32 alpha-olefin; obtaining a first effluent including a PAO dimer; introducing the first effluent, a third C6-C32 alpha-olefin, and a second catalyst system to an oligomerization unit, wherein the third C6-C32 alpha-olefin is the same or different than the first C6-C32 alpha-olefin and/or second C6-C32 alpha-olefin; obtaining a second effluent; and hydrogenating the second effluent to form the PAO composition.

Polymerized olefin synthetic lubricants

Process for the preparation of branched polyolefins for lubricant applications

Processes to prepare branched polyolefins for lubricant applications comprise combining at least one olefin and a coordination-insertion catalyst under conditions such that at least one oligomer product is formed. Low molecular weight by-products are fractionated out and the oligomer product is converted to a saturated hydrocarbon via hydrogenation.