СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЛИПИДОВ

Изобретение относится к области биохимии, в частности к трансгенному растению, для получения неполярного липида. Также раскрыты часть трансгенного растения для получения неполярного липида, рекомбинантная клетка для получения неполярного липида. Раскрыт способ получения углеводного продукта из указанного трансгенного растения, способ получения клетки, которая продуцирует повышенную концентрацию неполярного липида, способ получения синтетического дизельного топлива из указанного трансгенного растения. Изобретение позволяет получать повышенное накопление неполярных липидов. 7 н. и 74 з.п. ф-лы, 22 ил., 38 табл., 26 пр.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ФРАКЦИИ ГАЗОЙЛЯ И ОСТАТОЧНОГО БАЗОВОГО МАСЛА

... 1. Способ получения фракции газойля, фракции тяжелого дистиллята и фракции остаточного базового масла из полученного в синтезе Фишера-Тропша сырья, включающий:(a) направление сырья на стадию гидропереработки для получения по меньшей мере частично изомеризованного сырья;(b) разделения изомеризованного сырья с помощью перегонки на по меньшей мере фракцию газойля, фракцию тяжелого дистиллята и остаточную фракцию, причем остаточная фракция имеет температуру перегонки Т10 % масс. от 200°C до 450°C;(c) рециркулирования части остаточной фракции на стадию (а); и(d) каталитической депарафинизации остальной остаточной фракции с получением остаточного базового масла.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором фракция газойля и фракция тяжелого дистиллята разделяют на стадии (b) при температуре границы разделения от 300°C до 400°C.3. Способ по п. 1 или 2, в котором фракция тяжелого дистиллята и остаточная фракция разделяют на стадии (b) при температуре границы разделения от 450°C до 600°C.4. Способ по п. 1 или 2, ...

ПСЕВДОИЗОТЕРМИЧЕСКИЙ РЕАКТОР

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЛИПИДОВ

... 1. Способ получения промышленного продукта, включающий стадии:i) получение вегетирующей части растения, имеющей общее содержание неполярных липидов по меньшей мере около 3%, предпочтительно по меньшей мере около 5% или по меньшей мере около 7% (мас./мас., сухой вес),ii) либоa) превращение по меньшей мере некоторых липидов в вегетирующей части растения со стадии i) в промышленный продукт с применением нагревания, химических или ферментных средств или любой их комбинации, в отношении липидов in situ в переработанной вегетирующей части растения, либоb) физическая переработка вегетирующей части растения со стадии i), и последовательное или одновременное превращение по меньшей мере некоторых липидов в вегетирующей части растения в промышленный продукт с применением нагревания, химических или ферментных средств или любой их комбинации, в отношении липидов в переработанной вегетирующей части растения, иiii) выделение промышленного продукта,с получением посредством этого промышленного продукта.2 ...

Integrierte Anlage und Verfahren zum flexiblen Einsatz von Strom

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine integrierte Anlage, die eine Anlage zur elektrothermischen Herstellung von Ethin und eine Trennvorrichtung zur Abtrennung von Ethin aus dem Reaktionsgemisch der elektrothermischen Herstellung von Ethin unter Erhalt mindestens eines Gasstroms enthaltend Wasserstoff und/oder Kohlenwasserstoffe umfasst, wobei die integrierte Anlage eine Vorrichtung zur Einleitung eines Gases in ein Erdgasnetz aufweist, der aus der Trennvorrichtung über mindestens eine Leitung ein Gasstrom enthaltend Wasserstoff und/oder Kohlenwasserstoffe zugeführt wird. Diese integrierte Anlage ermöglicht einen flexiblen Einsatz von Strom durch ein Verfahren, bei dem ein Gasstrom, enthaltend Wasserstoff und/oder Kohlenwasserstoffe, aus der Trennvorrichtung in ein Erdgasnetz eingespeist wird und in Abhängigkeit vom Stromangebot die Menge und/oder die Zusammensetzung des in das Erdgasnetz eingespeisten Gasstroms verändert werden.

KEROSINZUSAMMENSETZUNG

Industrielle Produktionsanlage mit minimalem Treibhausgasausstoß, insbesondere Kohlendioxidausstoß, und Verfahren zum Betrieb desselben

Bei einer industriellen Produktionsanlage (1), die eine aus einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Einsatzstoff ein CO2-armes und H2-reiches Abgas erzeugende erste Produktionsanlage (2) mit einer zugeordneten ersten Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung (3) und einer zugeordneten zweiten Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung (14) umfasst, soll eine Lösung geschaffen werden, mit der ein Carbon Capture and Utilisation-Verfahren effektiv und effizient durchführbar ist. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass die industrielle Produktionsanlage (1) weiterhin eine das Abgas in einen kohlenstoffhaltigen, zumindest im Wesentlichen H2-freien (6) und einen kohlenstofffreien, H2-reichen (7) Teilgasstrom aufteilende Gasaufbereitungsanlage (4) umfasst; eine Einrichtung (19) zur Erzeugung eines CO2-reichen Gasstroms umfasst, der zumindest ein Teil eines in einer Feuerungseinrichtung (11) entstehenden CO2-haltigen Abgasstroms (17) nach Durchströmen der zweiten Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung (14) zuführbar ist; und eine Wasserstoff (H2) und Sauerstoff ...

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstocks

Fuels and fuel additives that have high biogenic content derived from renewable organic feedstock

Method for starting up bubble-column-type slurry-bed reactor, start-up solvent, and method for producing hydrocarbon oil

Heavy synthetic fuel

Process and equipment for converting carbon dioxide in flue gas into natural gas by using dump powerenergy

Gas-stream efficient cogeneration process and system based on biomass gasification and methanation

METHOD FOR STARTING UP BUBBLE-COLUMN-TYPE SLURRY-BED REACTOR, START-UP SOLVENT, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYDROCARBON OIL

Process and equipment for converting carbon dioxide in flue gas into natural gas by using dump power energy

Heavy synthetic fuel

Method for starting up bubble-column-type slurry-bed reactor, start-up solvent, and method for producing hydrocarbon oil

Process and equipment for converting carbon dioxide in flue gas into natural gas by using dump powerenergy

Method for starting up bubble-column-type slurry-bed reactor, start-up solvent, and method for producing hydrocarbon oil

Gas-stream efficient cogeneration process and system based on biomass gasification and methanation

Process and equipment for converting carbon dioxide in flue gas into natural gas by using dump powerenergy

Gas-stream efficient cogeneration process and system based on biomass gasification and methanation

Systems and methods for solar-thermal gasification of biomass

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant that may include a solar thermal receiver having a cavity with an inner wall, where the solar thermal receiver is aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more of 1 ) an array of heliostats, 2) solar concentrating dishes, and 3) any combination of the two. Some embodiments may include a solar-driven chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes located inside the cavity of solar thermal receiver, wherein a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat occurs in the multiple reactor tubes, and wherein particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a steam (H2O) carrier gas and methane (CH4) in a simultaneous steam reformation and steam biomass gasification reaction to produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using the solar thermal energy from the absorbed concentrated solar energy in the multiple reactor tubes.

Gasoline manufacturing system or method

Provided is a system or method for manufacturing gasoline from natural gas, said system or method being particularly effective in a place wherein water usable for steam reforming cannot be easily obtained, for example, in a desert which is a natural gas producing place, or on the sea. This system for manufacturing gasoline from natural gas via methanol includes: subjecting natural gas to steam reforming in a steam reformer (20) to form a reformed gas; synthesizing methanol from the reformed gas in a methanol synthesizer (30); synthesizing gasoline from the methanol in a gasoline synthesizer (50); and subjecting water generated in the gasoline synthesizer (50) to reuse in the steam reformer (20) for steam reforming.

Method or system for recovering carbon dioxide

A method or system for recovering carbon dioxide is provided with which in a plant for synthesizing methanol from a hydrocarbon gas or synthesizing gasoline therefrom via methanol, the waste heat of a low-temperature reformed gas, which has conventionally been discarded and is difficult to reutilize, can be effectively utilized. In the system for synthesizing methanol or gasoline from a hydrocarbon gas and for recovering carbon dioxide, a reformed gas is produced by steam reforming of the hydrocarbon gas. Since a combustion discharge gas generates when a fuel gas is burned in order to obtain a heat source for the steam reforming, carbon dioxide is recovered from the combustion discharge gas in an absorption tower (40) using an absorption liquid. In a regeneration tower (10), the reformed gas is used first as a heat source for a first reboiler (20A) located at the tower bottom, and the reformed gas having a lowered temperature is then used as a heat source for a second reboiler (20B) located ...

FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES THAT HAVE HIGH BIOGENIC CONTENT DERIVED FROM RENEWABLE ORGANIC FEEDSTOCK

Abstract A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources comprising at least one of Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) and diesel derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the renewable organic feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbon WO 2017/039741 PCT/US2015/067950 (O < 0L Lu zu 0:Q 0U CLi a0 H 0 0: H LL 0 z :E HDO A HD 0D 0_ zw (f Подробнее

CATALYST AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DIESEL FUEL FROM NATURAL GAS, NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS, OR OTHER GASEOUS FEEDSTOCKS

A process is described that operates efficiently to produce diesel fuel blend from hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The process uses a reduced catalyst on a metal oxide catalyst support which are configured to selectively convert the hydrogen and carbon monoxide into a hydrocarbon product stream, wherein the hydrocarbon product stream comprises light gases, diesel fuel and a wax. These are then condensed, and the diesel fuel blended with a petroleum derived fuel, to produce a diesel fuel blend.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING THE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION PERFORMANCE OF BIOGENIC FUELS, HEATING MEDIUMS AND COMBUSTION MATERIALS AND/OR FOR ENRICHING AGRICULTURAL AREAS WITH CARBON-CONTAINING HUMUS

The invention relates to the production of greenhouse gas emission-reduced fuels, heating mediums and combustion materials from biomass as well as to the ensuring or improvement of the quality of agricultural and forest areas by ensuring or improving the humus content thereof.

FRACKING WITH C02 FOR SHALE GAS REFORMING TO METHANOL

A method of producing methanol from shale gas and CO2 by the exclusive dry CO2 fracking of shale rock by injection of gaseous CO2 at a pressure between 10 and 100 atm to extract shale gas and recover it together with used CO2; combining and admixing produced shale gas containing CO2 and steam to produce a mixture of methane : carbon dioxide : water having a molar ratio of 3:1:2 for conducting the bi-reforming reaction to form a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide having a molar ratio of 2:1 to 2.1:1; and converting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide under conditions sufficient to exclusively form methanol.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A HYDROCARBON FRACTION AND A HYDROCARBON FRACTION AND ITS USE

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon fraction. According to the invention, the hydrocarbon fraction is formed from biomass based synthesis gas, the synthesis gas is fed through at least two catalyst layer, the first catalyst layer includes Fe-based catalyst, the second catalyst layer includes Co-based catalyst, and the synthesis gas is treated by supplying the synthesis gas through the first and second catalyst layers in order to form a hydrocarbon composition including the hydrocarbon fraction. Further, the invention relates to the hydrocarbon fraction and its use.

SYSTEM OR METHOD FOR PRODUCING GASOLINE

Provided is a system or method for manufacturing gasoline from natural gas, said system or method being particularly effective in a place wherein water usable for steam reforming cannot be easily obtained, for example, in a desert which is a natural gas producing place, or on the sea. This system for manufacturing gasoline from natural gas via methanol includes: subjecting natural gas to steam reforming in a steam reformer (20) to form a reformed gas; synthesizing methanol from the reformed gas in a methanol synthesizer (30); synthesizing gasoline from the methanol in a gasoline synthesizer (50); and subjecting water generated in the gasoline synthesizer (50) to reuse in the steam reformer (20) for steam reforming.

CATALYST AND METHODS OF PRODUCTION DIESEL FUEL FROM NATURAL GAS, LIQUID POSTS FROM NATURAL GAS OR OTHER GASEOUS RAW MATERIAL

METHOD FOR STARTING UP BUBBLE-COLUMN-TYPE SLURRY-BED REACTOR AND START-UP SOLVENT

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING LIPIDS

CATALYST AND METHODS FOR PREPARING DIZELNGO FUEL FROM NATURAL GAS, LIQUID POSTS FROM NATURAL GAS OR OTHER GASEOUS RAW MATERIAL

IMPROVEMENT OF THE PROCESS OF FISCHERTROPSCH FOR THE HYDROCARBON FUEL FORMULATION

La presente solicitud se relaciona con un proceso de Fischer-Tropsch mejorado para la síntesis de combustibles de hidrocarburos libres de azufre, de combustión limpia, crudos, ejemplos de los cuales incluyen, diesel de síntesis y combustible de aviación. La nafta se destruye en un generador de hidrógeno y se recircula como materia prima a un reactor de gas de síntesis (FT), para mejorar la producción del diesel de síntesis del reactor. Una variación adicional integra un segundo generador de hidrógeno que captura gas de hidrocarburos ligeros para la conversión a hidrogeno y monóxido de carbono, el cual suplementa al reactor de Fischer-Tropsch. El resultado es un aumento considerable en el volumen del diesel de síntesis formulado. También se caracteriza en la especificación, un sistema para efectuar el proceso.

PROCESS TO MAKE A SULPHUR CONTAINING STEAM CRACKER FEEDSTOCK

PROCESS TO PREPARE A GAS OIL FRACTION AND A RESIDUAL BASE OIL

The present invention provides a process to prepare a gas oil fraction, a heavy distillate fraction and a residual base oil fraction, which process at least comprises the following steps: (a) subjecting the feedstock to a hydroprocessing step to obtain an at least partially isomerised feedstock; (b) separating the isomerised feedstock by means of distillation into at least a gas oil fraction, a heavy distillate fraction and a residual fraction, wherein the residual fraction has a T10wt% boiling point of between 200 and 450°C; (c) recycling part of the residual fraction to step (a); and (d) catalytic dewaxing of remaining residual fraction to obtain a residual base oil.

HEAVY SYNTHETIC FUEL

The invention provides a process for the production of a fully synthetic heavy fuel oil, said process including at least fractionation of hydrocarbons obtained from the hydroconversion of C5 and heavier Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process products to obtain a product that is heavier than a middle distillate and has an ASTM D86 cut-off temperature in excess of 350° C. Further, the invention provides a fuel made in accordance with the process.

A MULTICOMPONENT DIESEL COMPOSITION

The invention discloses novel diesel fuel compositions including a renewable paraffinic diesel component, a fossil diesel component and an oxygenate component, as well as methods for manufacture and use of a combination of a renewable paraffinic diesel component, and an oxygenate component for reducing NOx emissions.

Fischer-tropsch synthesis using microchannel technology and novel catalyst and microchannel reactor

A process for converting a reactant composition comprising H2 and CO to a product comprising at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least about 5 carbon atoms comprises: flowing the reactant composition through a microchannel reactor in contact with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst to convert the reactant composition to the product, the microchannel reactor comprising a plurality of process microchannels containing the catalyst; transferring heat from the process microchannels to a heat exchanger; and removing the product from the microchannel reactor; the process producing at least about 0.5 gram of aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least about 5 carbon atoms per gram of catalyst per hour; the selectivity to methane in the product being less than about 25%. A supported catalyst comprises Co, and a microchannel reactor comprises at least one process microchannel and at least one adjacent heat exchange zone.

Method of producing product gas from multiple carbonaceous feedstock streams mixed with a reduced-pressure mixing gas

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ФРАКЦИИ ГАЗОЙЛЯ И ОСТАТОЧНОГО БАЗОВОГО МАСЛА

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу получения фракции газойля, фракции тяжелого дистиллята и фракции остаточного базового масла из полученного в синтезе Фишера-Тропша сырья. Способ включает следующие стадии: (а) направление сырья на стадию гидропереработки для получения по меньшей мере частично изомеризованного сырья; (b) разделение изомеризованного сырья с помощью перегонки на по меньшей мере фракцию газойля, фракцию тяжелого дистиллята, которая имеет температуру перегонки Т90 % мас. от 400 до 550°C, и остаточную фракцию, причем остаточная фракция имеет температуру перегонки Т10 % мас. от 200 до 450°C; (c) рециркулирование от более 20 до не более 70 % мас. остаточной фракции на стадию (а) и (d) каталитическая депарафинизация остальной остаточной фракции с получением остаточного базового масла. Предлагаемый способ позволяет повысить качество и/или выход получаемых фракций. 13 з.п. ф-лы, 1 ил., 2 табл., 2 пр.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ БИОМЕТАНОЛА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ВОДОРОДА И БИОТОПЛИВА, СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БИОВОДОРОДА И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА БИОТОПЛИВА

Изобретение может быть использовано в химической и целлюлозной промышленности. Для получения биоводорода и углеводородного биотоплива используют биометанол, полученный из черного щелока, представляющего собой водный раствор, содержащий остатки лигнина, гемицеллюлозу и неорганические реагенты, используемые в крафт-процессе получения целлюлозы. Биометанол очищают и подвергают риформингу с получением биоводорода. Полученный биоводород очищают и выделяют. Затем его используют в качестве источника водорода на стадии получения потока биоуглеводородов. Стадию получения потока биоуглеводородов осуществляют с использованием реакции Фишера-Тропша для синтеза синтез-газа из биомассы, гидродеоксигенации биологических триглицеридов или жирных кислот или их комбинаций. Стадия получения потока биоуглеводородов включает одну из операций, выбранную из регулирования соотношения водорода и монооксида углерода в синтез-газе, крекинга/изомеризации парафинов Фишера-Тропша, гидродеоксигенации вышеуказанных биологических ...

СПОСОБ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ДИОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА В ДЫМОВОМ ГАЗЕ В ПРИРОДНЫЙ ГАЗ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ИЗБЫТОЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

... 1. Способ преобразования диоксида углерода в дымовом газе в природный газ с использованием избыточной энергии, причем способ включает стадии, в которых:1) выполняют трансформацию напряжения и выпрямление избыточной энергии, которая выработана из возобновляемого источника энергии, и которую затруднительно хранить или подключить к энергетическим сетям, направляют избыточную энергию в раствор электролита для электролиза воды в нем на Ни О, и удаляют воду из Н;2) проводят очистку промышленного дымового газа для отделения из него СО, и очищают выделенный из него СО;3) подают Н, генерированный на стадии 1), и СО, отделенный на стадии 2), в оборудование для синтеза, включающее по меньшей мере два реактора со стационарным слоем, чтобы высокотемпературную газовую смесь с основными компонентами СНи водяным паром получить в результате высокоэкзотермической реакции метанирования между Ни СО;4) используют высокотемпературную газовую смесь, генерированную на стадии 3), для проведения косвенного теплообмена ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines methanhaltigen Erdgassubstituts und zugehöriges Energieversorgungssystem

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines methanhaltigen Erdgassubstituts aus einem kohlenoxidhaltigen Einsatzgas sowie auf ein mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung ausgerüstetes Energieversorgungssystem. Erfindungsgemäß wird das Einsatzgas einer Methanisierungsreaktion unterzogen, für die ein überstöchiometrischer Wasserstoffanteil im Eduktgas eingestellt wird. Das Produktgas der Methanisierungsreaktion wird durch eine Gasabtrennung in ein methanhaltiges, das Erdgassubstitut lieferndes Retentatgas und ein wasserstoffhaltiges Permeatgas aufgeteilt. Wenigstens ein Teil des Permeatgases wird zum Einsatzgas rückgeführt und diesem unter Bildung des Eduktgases für die Methanisierungsreaktion beigemischt. Verwendung z. B. für regenerative Energieversorgungssysteme mit Biomasseverwertung.

Industrielle Produktionsanlage mit minimalem Treibhausgasausstoß, insbesondere Kohlendioxidausstoß, und Verfahren zum Betrieb desselben

Industrielle Produktionsanlage (1) umfassendeine aus einem kohlenstoffhaltigen Einsatzstoff ein CO-armes und H-reiches Produktgas oder Abgas erzeugende erste Produktionsanlage (2) mit einer zugeordneten ersten Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung (3) und einer zugeordneten zweiten Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung (14),eine über eine erste Leitungsverbindung (5) mit der ersten Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung (3) verbundene, das Produkt- oder Abgas in einen kohlenstoffhaltigen, zumindest im Wesentlichen H-freien (6) und einen zumindest im Wesentlichen kohlenstofffreien, H-reichen (7) Teilgasstrom aufteilende Gasaufbereitungsanlage (4), wobei der im Wesentlichen H-freie Teilgasstrom (6) mittels einer zweiten Leitungsverbindung (12) zumindest teilweise einer oder mehreren Feuerungseinrichtung(en) (11) zuführbar ist, welche die erste Produktionsanlage (2) aufweist,eine Einrichtung (19) zur Erzeugung eines CO-reichen Gasstroms, der zumindest ein Teil des in der oder den Feuerungseinrichtung(en) (11) entstehenden ...

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration fischer-tropsch liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstocks

A process for producing high biogenic carbon content Fischer-Tropsch liquids from solid wastes comprising plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials. The high biogenic concentration is between 50% and 100% biogenic carbons. The process comprising a) receiving at a bio-refinery having a gasification island; b) a syngas conditioning unit configured to receive syngas from the gasification island; and c) one or more Fischer-Tropsch reactors which receive syngas from the syngas conditioning unit and convert the syngas to Fischer-Tropsch liquids while maintaining the high concentration of greater than 50% biogenic carbon and the lower concentration of non-biogenic carbon with other non-carbonaceous materials from the solid wastes.

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstocks

A system for producing high biogenic carbon content Fischer-Tropsch liquids from municipal solid wastes (MSW) comprising plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials. The system comprising a) a bio-refinery having a gasification island; b) a syngas conditioning unit configured to receive syngas from the gasification island; and c) one or more Fischer-Tropsch reactors which receive syngas from the syngas conditioning unit and convert the syngas to Fischer-Tropsch liquids.

PROCEDURE AND PLANT FOR THE NATURAL GAS SUBSTITUTION

INTEGRATED BIOFUELS PROCESS CONFIGURATIONS, EMPLOYING A 2-STAGE BIO-REFORMING REACTOR SYSTEM, IN WHICH RENEWABLE CARBON CONTENT OF GASOLINE AND DIESEL ARE OPTIMIZED FOR VALUE

A bio-reforming reactor receives biomass to generate chemical grade syngas for a coupled downstream train of any of 1) a methanol-synthesis-reactor train, 2) a ethanol-to-gasoline reactor train, and 3) a high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch reactor train, that use this syngas derived from the biomass in the bio-reforming reactor. A renewable carbon content of the produced gasoline, jet fuel, and/or diesel derived from the coupled downstream trains of any of 1) the methanol-synthesis-reactor train, 2) the methanol-to-gasoline reactor train, or 3) the high-temperature Fischer-Tropsch reactor train are optimized for recovery of renewable carbon content to produce fuel products with 100% biogenic carbon content and/or fuel products with 50 - 100% biogenic carbon content. A carbon-dioxide gas feedback loop cooperates with a CO2 separation unit to supply a fraction of the CO2 gas that is removed from the chemical grade syngas produced from the reactor output of the BRR to supply extracted CO2 gas ...

PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS WITH FAVOURABLE GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS FROM CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS

The present invention provides a process for producing one or more products for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process comprises treating a cellulosic feedstock, in one or more processing steps that release extractives from the feedstock. ? solids-liquid separation is subsequently conducted on the process stream comprising the extractives and solids. An aqueous stream comprising one or more of the extractives may be fed to an anaerobic digester to produce crude biogas from which one or more impurities may optionally be removed. In various embodiments the process further comprises providing a solids stream to a thermal process, A product produced or derived from the thermal process may displace a product made from fossil fuel. One or more products obtained or derived from at least one of the foregoing process steps are provided for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process enables advantaged fuel credit generation.

WASTE WATER TREATMENT FROM A BIOMASS-TO-LIQUID PROCESS COMPRISING SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION AND INTEGRATED FACTORY FACILITY

Treatment of waste water from a biomass-to-liquid process, said process comprising producing synthesis gas from biomass and conversion of said synthesis gas into liquid hydrocarbons by a Fisher-Tropsch process. The waste waters obtained are purified in common with waste waters from another industrial process to which said biomass-to- liquid process is integrated, such as in forestry, power and/or heat generation, waste incineration or a process in a metal-, petrochemical and/or oil refining industry. The biomass-to-liquid. process and said another industrial process may have a common feed water process unit, a common cooling water process unit and a common waste water treatment unit. The waste water treatment process may comprise a biological purification process and said Fischer-Tropsch process may utilize a cobalt catalyst. An integrated factory comprising a biomass-to-liquid plant and another industrial facility in which both plants are connected to a common waste water treatment facilit ...

CATALYST AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DIESEL FUEL FROM NATURAL GAS, NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS, OR OTHER GASEOUS FEEDSTOCKS

A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stochiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING LIQUID FUEL AND GENERATING POWER

A method and a system wherein hydrocarbon gases, such as natural gas, are subjected to steam reforming with a steam reformer to yield a reformed gas, gasoline is synthesized from the reformed gas via methanol in a methanol synthesis tower and a gasoline synthesis tower to thereby produce a liquid fuel and, simultaneously therewith, some of low-pressure steam obtained by heat recovery from the reformed gas is superheated in a superheater with some of medium-pressure steam obtained by heat recovery in the methanol synthesis tower or gasoline synthesis tower, and the steam which has been rendered in an unsaturated state is supplied to a low-pressure steam turbine.

ULTRA-LOW WATER INPUT OIL SANDS RECOVERY PROCESS

A method of processing oil sands material including bitumen. The method includes subjecting the oil sands material to a predistillation process. The predistillation process includes heating the oil sands material to between approximately 350°C and approximately 400°C, to produce atmospheric gas oil from the bitumen, and intermediate dried oil sands material, and heating the intermediate dried oil sands material to between approximately 535°C and at least approximately 600°C, to produce vacuum gas oil and coked oil sands material comprising carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand. The method also includes subjecting the coked oil sands material to gasification, to produce barren hot oil sands material, and syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases.

METHOD OF PRODUCING HYDROCARBONS

CATALYST AND METHODS FOR PREPARING DIZELNGO FUEL FROM NATURAL GAS, LIQUID POSTS FROM NATURAL GAS OR OTHER GASEOUS RAW MATERIAL

METHOD OF STARTING REACTOR WITH SUSPENZIONNYM LAYER OF BUBBLE COLUMN TYPE, SOLVENT FOR STARTING AND METHOD OF PRODUCING HYDROCARBON OIL

METHOD FOR PREPARING HIGH CALORIC SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS

The present invention relates to a method for preparing high caloric synthetic natural gas. Provided is an effective process capable of producing high caloric synthetic natural gas having a calorific value of 10,200 or more kcal/m^3 from carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The process can save costs by 20-30 percent compared to existing processes and is expected to lower production costs of synthetic natural gas for city gas. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017 (100) Synthesis gasification process (101) Synthetic gas purification process (102) Water gas conversion reaction process (103) Gas purification process (104) First reaction step (105) Gas separation process (AA) High calorific synthetic natural gas (BB) Synthesis gas (CC) Oxygen separation process (DD) C6 or higher ...

FRACTION OF DIESEL FUEL DERIVED FISCHER-TROPSCH

La presente provee una fracción de gasoil derivada de un proceso de Fischer-Tropsch, que tiene un punto de ebullición inicial de al menos 270ºC y un punto de ebullición final de 305ºC como máximo. En otro aspecto, la presente provee una formulación de fluidos funcionales que comprende una fracción de gasoil derivada de un proceso de Fischer-Tropsch, que tiene un punto de ebullición inicial de al menos 270ºC y un punto de ebullición final de 305ºC como máximo.

Fuel synthesis catalyst and fuel synthesis system

A fuel synthesis catalyst of an embodiment for hydrogenating a gas includes at least one selected from the group consisting of; carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, the catalyst comprising, an oxide base material containing at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of; Al2O3, MgO, TiO2, and SiO2, first metal particles containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of; Ni, Co, Fe, and Cu and brought into contact with the oxide base material, and a porous oxide layer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of; CeO2, ZrO2, TiO2, and SiO2 and having an interface with each of the first metal particles and the oxide base material.

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА БЕНЗИНА

Изобретение относится к системе и способу производства бензина из природного газа через метанол. Система для производства бензина из природного газа через метанол содержит: устройство парового риформинга, предназначенное для парового риформинга природного газа с использованием воды для производства риформированного газа; устройство получения метанола, предназначенное для получения метанола-сырца из риформированного газа, полученного с помощью устройства парового риформинга; дистилляционную колонну для дистилляции метанола-сырца, полученного с помощью устройства получения метанола; устройство получения бензина, предназначенное для получения бензина и воды из метанола, очищенного с помощью дистилляционной колонны; трубопроводную линию, предназначенную для подачи воды, полученной в устройстве получения бензина, в устройство парового риформинга с целью ее использования для парового риформинга природного газа; линию возврата водяного пара, предназначенную для возврата воды, в которую сконденсирована ...

ОБРАБОТКА СТОЧНЫХ ВОД, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ БИОМАССЫ В ЖИДКОЕ БИОТОПЛИВО, КОТОРЫЙ ВКЛЮЧАЕТ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА, И ИНТЕГРИРОВАННАЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННАЯ УСТАНОВКА

Изобретение относится к способу обработки сточных вод, образующихся в процессе переработки биомассы в жидкое биотопливо, где процесс переработки биомассы в жидкое биотопливо включает в себя получение синтез-газа из биомассы и синтез Фишера-Тропша для превращения указанного синтез-газа в жидкие углеводороды, в котором используется кобальтовый катализатор, в котором сточные воды, содержащие загрязненные спиртами водные стоки, образующиеся при переработке биомассы в жидкое биотопливо, очищают в общем процессе обработки сточных вод, включающем процесс биологической очистки, совместно со сточными водами, образующимися в процессе производства целлюлозы и/или бумаги, с которым интегрирован указанный процесс переработки биомассы в жидкое биотопливо, в котором загрязненные спиртами стоки разбавляют водными стоками из указанного процесса производства целлюлозы и/или бумаги перед процессом биологической очистки. Изобретение также касается интегрированной установки и способа интеграции процесса переработки ...

СПОСОБ И СИСТЕМА ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ ПАРОГАЗОВОЙ КОГЕНЕРАЦИИ, ОСНОВАННЫЕ НА ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ И МЕТАНИРОВАНИИ БИОМАССЫ

Изобретение предлагает систему и способ парогазовой конверсии. Способ парогазовой когенерации на основе газификации и метанирования биомассы включает: 1) газификацию биомассы путем смешивания кислорода и водяного пара, полученных из воздухоразделительной установки, с биомассой, транспортировку образующейся в результате смеси через сопло в газификатор, газификацию биомассы при температуре 1500-1800°С и давлении 1-3 МПа с получением неочищенного газифицированного газа и транспортировку перегретого пара, имеющего давление 5-6 МПа, полученного в результате целесообразной утилизации тепла, к паровой турбине; 2) конверсию и очистку: в соответствии с требованиями реакции метанирования корректировку отношения водород/углерод неочищенного газифицированного газа, образованного на стадии 1), до 3:1 с использованием реакции конверсии и извлечение при низкой температуре неочищенного газифицированного газа с использованием метанола для десульфуризации и декарбонизации, в результате чего получают очищенный ...

СПОСОБ ИЛИ СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ИЗВЛЕЧЕНИЯ ДИОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА

Изобретение относится к способу и системе для извлечения диоксида углерода на установке для синтеза метанола из углеводородного газа или синтеза бензина из углеводородного газа через метанол. Способ включает стадию риформинга для получения конвертированного газа посредством реакции парового риформинга углеводородного газа, стадию синтеза метанола для синтеза метанола из конвертированного газа, стадию сжигания для сжигания топливного газа с получением источника тепла для реакции парового риформинга, стадию извлечения диоксида углерода для извлечения диоксида углерода с использованием поглощающей жидкости из отходящих газов сжигания, генерируемых посредством сжигания, стадию получения множества нагревающих сред конвертированного газа или нагревающих сред конвертированного газа и метанола с разными температурами из конвертированного газа или из конвертированного газа и метанола и стадию регенерации поглощающей жидкости для регенерации поглощающей жидкости посредством ступенчатого нагрева поглощающей ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЗАМЕНИТЕЛЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗА

... 1. Способ производства заменителя природного газа (ЗПГ) из свежего сырьевого синтез-газа (11), включающий в себя по меньшей мере ступени реакции свежего синтез-газа в секции (10) метанирования, содержащей по меньшей мере первый адиабатический реактор (101) и другие адиабатические реактор(ы) (102-104), включенные параллельно, так что в каждый из них поступает газовый поток, отбираемый из предыдущего реактора секции метанирования, и осуществляется рециркуляция по меньшей мере части (22) реакционного газа в качестве входящего газа по меньшей мере в один из реакторов, отличающийся тем, что свежий сырьевой синтез-газ (11) параллельно подают в упомянутые реакторы (101-104). ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором упомянутый свежий сырьевой синтез-газ (11) разделяют на ряд потоков свежего газа (12, 14, 15, 16), каждый из которых подают в один из реакторов (101-104). ! 3. Способ по п.2, в котором каждый из потоков свежего газа (12, 14, 15, 16) составляет 15-35 мол.% от общего потока (11) газового сырья.

СПОСОБ И СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ГАЗИФИКАЦИИ УГЛЕРОДСОДЕРЖАЩЕГО СЫРЬЯ

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЛИПИДОВ

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МЕТАНОЛА В ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕ ВОДОРОДА И ТОПЛИВА, СПОСОБЫ И УСТАНОВКИ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ВОДОРОДА И ТОПЛИВА

... 1. Применение биометанола, полученного в целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности, для производства биоводорода, который содержит очищенный биометанол, полученный из черного щелока. ! 2. Применение по п.1, отличающееся тем, что биометанол получен из черного щелока посредством дистилляции и/или отгонки. ! 3. Применение по п.1 или 2, отличающееся тем, что биоводород используют для производства углеводородного биотоплива. ! 4. Применение по п.3, отличающееся тем, что биоводород используют на стадии процесса производства биотоплива, выбранной из стадий регулирования соотношения водорода и монооксида углерода в синтез-газе, крекинга/изомеризации парафинов Фишера-Тропша, гидродеоксигенации природных масел, гидроизомеризации н-парафинов, восстановления катализаторов и их комбинаций. ! 5. Применение по п.4, отличающееся тем, что все указанные стадии осуществляют в установке для производства биотоплива, объединенной с установкой для производства целлюлозы и/или бумаги. ! 6. Способ получения биоводорода ...

System oder Verfahren zur Herstellung von Benzin

System zur Herstellung von Benzin aus Erdgas über Methanol, umfassend: eine Dampfreformierungsvorrichtung (20) zum Dampfreformieren des Erdgases unter Verwendung von Wasser, um Spaltgas zu erzeugen; eine Dampfrückführleitung (23) zum Zurückführen von Wasser, das einen Teil des Spaltgases in kondensierter Form enthält, als Dampf in die Dampfreformierungsvorrichtung (20), um das Spaltgas-haltige Wasser für die Dampfreformierung des Erdgases zu verwenden; eine Methanolsynthesevorrichtung (30) zum Synthetisieren von Rohmethanol aus dem in der Dampfreformierungsvorrichtung (20) erzeugten Spaltgas; eine Destillationskolonne (40) zum Destillieren des in der Methanolsynthesevorrichtung (30) synthetisierten Rohmethanols, um gereinigtes Methanol und Destillationswasser zu erhalten; eine Destillationswasserrückgewinnungsleitung (42) zum Einführen des in der Destillationskolonne (40) erhaltenen Destillationswassers in die Dampfreformierungsvorrichtung (20), um das Destillationswasser für die Dampfreformierung ...

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration fischer-tropsch liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

Fuels and fuel additives that have high biogenic content derived from renewable organic feedstock

High biogenic content fuel (or fuel additive) derived from renewable organic feedstock sources comprising: at least one of synthetic paraffinic kerosene, diesel or naphtha: which are derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids generated from municipal solid wastes (MSW). The fuel has substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the FT liquids and starting MSW feedstock which is between 50 % and 100 % biogenic carbons (confirmable by radiocarbon dating). Preferably, the fuel is either synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) or diesel. Also claimed is a fuel comprising a high biogenic fuel additive combined with a fossil-based fuel, e.g. a jet fuel comprising 50 % of the high biogenic fuel additive and 50 % fossil-based jet fuel. The process for converting MSW to FT liquids (58) comprises a gasification island (21) itself comprising a steam reformer (251), carbon oxidation (271) and hydrocarbon reforming (215) as means to convert MSW to syngas.

Processes for producing lipids

The present invention relates to methods of producing lipids. In particular, the present invention relates to methods of increasing the level of one or more non-polar lipids and/or the total non-polar lipid content in a vegetative plant part or a transgenic organism or part thereof ...

Process of catalytic production of diesel fuel

Atty Dkt: GR-006.02 A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stochiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources. WO 2014/137473 PCT/US2014/000026 ...

CATALYST AND PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF DIESEL FUEL FROM NATURAL GAS, NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS, OR OTHER GASEOUS FEEDSTOCKS

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF HYDROCARBONS

Process for the preparation of higher hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range from methane containing feed gas comprising the steps of a) mixing the feed gas with a hydrogenated tail gas and autothermal reforming the mixed feed gas to a methanol synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; b) converting the methanol synthesis gas to a methanol and dimethyl ether containing effluent in presence of one or more catalysts active in the conversion of hydrogen and carbon oxides to methanol and dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether; c) converting the methanol and dimethyl ether containing effluent as prepared in step (b) to a raw product containing hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range, water, unconverted methanol synthesis gas and carbon dioxide formed during the conversion of the methanol synthesis gas; d) cooling and separating the raw product into a water fraction, a higher hydrocarbon fraction boiling in the gasoline range and into a tail gas with the ...

FRACKING WITH C02 FOR SHALE GAS REFORMING TO METHANOL

A method of producing methanol from shale gas and CO2 by the exclusive dry CO2 fracking of shale rock by injection of gaseous CO2 at a pressure between 10 and 100 atm to extract shale gas and recover it together with used CO2; combining and admixing produced shale gas containing CO2 and steam to produce a mixture of methane : carbon dioxide : water having a molar ratio of 3:1:2 for conducting the bi-reforming reaction to form a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide having a molar ratio of 2:1 to 2.1:1; and converting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide under conditions sufficient to exclusively form methanol.

sistema ou método para produzir gasolina

INTEGRATED INDUSTRIAL PLANT AND METHOD FOR THE UTILIZATION OF FLEXIBLE DAD

La presente se refiere a una planta industrial integrada que comprende una planta industrial para la producción electrotérmica de etino y un dispositivo separador para separar etino de la mezcla reactiva de la producción electrotérmica de etino obteniéndose al menos una corriente de gas que contiene hidrógeno y/o hidrocarburos, teniendo la planta industrial integrada un dispositivo para introducir un gas en una red de gas natural, al cual se hace llegar una corriente de gas que contiene hidrógeno y/o hidrocarburos desde el dispositivo separador por intermedio de por lo menos un conducto. Esta planta industrial integrada permite una utilización flexible de la electricidad mediante un método en el que una corriente de gas que contiene hidrógeno y/o hidrocarburos, es introducida en una red de gas natural desde el dispositivo separador y la cantidad y/o la composición de la corriente de gas introducida en la red de gas natural cambia en función de la electricidad.

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration fischer-tropsch liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

CONVERSION OF WASTE CO2 INTO USEFUL TRANSPORT FUELS USING STEAM METHANE REFORMER IN A GAS TO LIQUIDS PLANT

A method of producing fuel from CO2 comprising introducing natural gas, steam, and recovered CO2 to a reformer to produce unshifted syngas characterized by a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide of from about 1.7:1 to about 2.5:1; introducing the unshifted syngas to a water gas shift unit to produce a shifted syngas, wherein an amount of CO2 in the shifted syngas is greater than in the unshifted syngas; separating the CO2 from the shifted syngas to produce recycle CO2 and a hydrogen-enriched syngas; recycling the recycle CO2 to the reformer, introducing the unshifted syngas to a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) unit to produce an FT product, FT water, and FT tail gas, wherein the FT product comprises FT liquids and FT wax; and separating the FT liquids from the FT product to produce a fuel.

CONVERSION OF CO2 TO CHEMICAL ENERGY CARRIERS AND PRODUCTS

The present invention relates to methods for the conversion of CO2to chemical energy carriers and products, in particular via a methanation of the gas phase fraction from a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

СПОСОБ И УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ЖИДКОГО ТОПЛИВА И ВЫРАБОТКИ ЭНЕРГИИ

Изобретение относится к способу и установке для получения жидкого топлива из углеводородного газа. Заявлен способ получения жидкого топлива из углеводородного газа и выработки энергии, в котором осуществляют риформинг углеводородного газа для получения газа риформинга путем реакции парового риформинга углеводородного газа; осуществляют синтез бензина, диметилового эфира или дизельного топлива из газа риформинга через метанол; извлекают тепло термической энергии газа риформинга для получения насыщенного водяного пара, имеющего температуру не более 180°C, до использования указанного газа риформинга на стадии синтеза; осуществляют перегревание указанного насыщенного водяного пара с использованием теплового источника, имеющего температуру по меньшей мере 200°C, образовавшегося в указанном способе, чтобы получить перегретый водяной пар; и осуществляют выработку энергии с использованием указанного перегретого водяного пара, причем в качестве теплового источника для перегревания на стадии перегревания ...

ОБРАБОТКА СТОЧНЫХ ВОД, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ БИОМАССЫ В ЖИДКОЕ БИОТОПЛИВО, КОТОРЫЙ ВКЛЮЧАЕТ ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ СИНТЕЗ-ГАЗА, И ИНТЕГРИРОВАННАЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННАЯ УСТАНОВКА

... 1. Способ обработки сточных вод для обработки сточных вод, образующихся в процессе переработки биомассы в жидкое биотопливо, где процесс переработки биомассы в жидкое биотопливо включает в себя ! - получение синтез-газа из биомассы, и ! - синтез Фишера-Тропша для превращения указанного синтез-газа в жидкие углеводороды, в котором используется кобальтовый катализатор, характеризующийся тем, что сточные воды, содержащие загрязненные спиртами водные стоки, образующиеся при переработке биомассы в жидкое биотопливо, очищают в общем процессе обработки сточных вод совместно со сточными водами, образующимися в другом производственном процессе, с которым интегрирован указанный процесс переработки биомассы в жидкое биотопливо. ! 2. Способ по п.1, где другой производственный процесс является процессом из деревообрабатывающей промышленности, процессом генерации электроэнергии и/или тепла, процессом сжигания отходов или процессом из металлургической, нефтехимической и/или нефтеперегонной промышленности ...

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstocks

Process of Catalytic Production of Diesel Fuel

A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stochiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources.

Systems and methods for an indirect radiation driven gasifier reactor and receiver configuration

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant are disclosed. Some embodiments may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats and a solar-driven chemical reactor. This chemical reactor may have multiple reactor tubes, in which particles of biomass may be gasified in the presence of a carrier gas in a gasification reaction to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide products. High heat transfer rates of the walls and tubes may allow the particles of biomass to achieve a high enough temperature necessary for substantial tar destruction and complete gasification of greater than 90 percent of the biomass particles into reaction products including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in a very short residence time between a range of 0.01 and 5 seconds.

Method for starting up bubble-column-type slurry-bed reactor, start-up solvent, and method for producing hydrocarbon oil

This method for starting up a bubble-column-type slurry-bed reactor is characterized in that, at the time of re-starting a bubble-column-type slurry-bed reactor for producing hydrocarbons by the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction, a hydrotreated oil that has been produced in the bubble-column-type slurry-bed reactor and hydrotreated is supplied to the bubble-column-type slurry-bed reactor, the hydrotreated oil having a peroxide value of 1 ppm or less and containing 40% by mass or more of paraffin hydrocarbons with carbon numbers of 21 or greater.

Method and system for producing liquid fuel and generating electric power

A method and a system wherein hydrocarbon gases, such as natural gas, are subjected to steam reforming with a steam reformer to yield a reformed gas, gasoline is synthesized from the reformed gas via methanol in a methanol synthesis tower and a gasoline synthesis tower to thereby produce a liquid fuel and, simultaneously therewith, some of low-pressure steam obtained by heat recovery from the reformed gas is superheated in a superheater with some of medium-pressure steam obtained by heat recovery in the methanol synthesis tower or gasoline synthesis tower, and the steam which has been rendered in an unsaturated state is supplied to a low-pressure steam turbine.

Gas-steam efficient cogeneration process and system based on biomass gasification and methanation

The present invention provides a gas-steam efficient cogeneration process and system based on biomass gasification and methanation, comprising a biomass gasification unit, a transformation unit, a purification unit, a methanation unit, and a methane concentration unit. The gasification unit utilizes a locally-external constant high-temperature heat source airflow bed which can remarkably improve effective gas compositions of CO and H ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A FUEL FROM BIOGAS

A method for providing a fuel includes removing hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide from biogas to provide partially purified biogas, which is filled in a mobile storage system. The partially purified biogas is transported to a centralized processing facility, in the mobile storage system, by truck, rail, or ship. At the centralized processing the partially purified biogas is further processed, either to produce a fuel that is renewable or has renewable content, or to produce renewable natural gas, which is used to produce the fuel that is renewable or has renewable content.

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

CONFIGURATIONS AND METHOD OF INTEGRATING A GAS TO LIQUIDS (GTL) PLANT IN A REFINERY

A crude oil processing plant that comprises a Fischer-Tropsch reactor is disclosed. The crude oil processing plant comprises a crude oil processing section and a hydrogen production section. The hydrogen production section is coupled to a hydrocracker in the crude oil processing section to deliver a high purity hydrogen stream. The Fischer-Tropsch reactor receives a syngas stream from the hydrogen production section and produces a hydrocarbon stream. When light crude oil is processed, the hydrocracker typically has excess capacities to upgrade the hydrocarbon stream from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor.

Method and system for performing gasification of carbonaceous feedstock

피셔-트롭쉬 유래 가스유 분획

... 본 발명은 초기 비등점 165℃ 이상 및 최종 비등점 200℃ 이하인 피셔-트롭쉬 유래 가스유 분획을 제공한다. 또다른 양태에서, 본 발명은 초기 비등점 165℃ 이상 및 최종 비등점 200℃ 이하를 갖는 피셔-트롭쉬 유래 가스유 분획을 포함하는 기능성 유체 제형을 제공한다.

derivative fraction of diesel fuel

La presente provee una fracción de gasoil derivado de Fischer-Tropsch que tiene un punto de ebullición inicial, como mínimo, de 300ºC y un punto de ebullición final, como máximo, de 365ºC. En otro aspecto, la presente provee una formulación de fluidos funcionales que comprende una fracción de gasoil derivado de Fischer-Tropsch que tiene un punto de ebullición inicial, como mínimo, de 300ºC y un punto de ebullición final, como máximo, de 365ºC.

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock.

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR SYNTHESIZING NATURAL GAS USING CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER IN AIR

An apparatus for producing a natural gas using carbon dioxide and water in air that includes an air-compressing member, a water collecting member, a water storing member, a carbon dioxide collecting member, a water electrolysis member, and a methanation reaction member. The water electrolysis member electrolyzes water separated from compressed air. The methanation reaction member generates a natural gas by reacting hydrogen from the electrolysis and carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide collecting member. A method of producing a natural gas using carbon dioxide and water in air includes supplying hydrogen electrolyzed from water separated from air and carbon dioxide collected from the dry air to a methanation reaction member to generate a natural gas. A natural gas-synthesizing equipment system includes an apparatus for producing a natural gas using carbon dioxide and water in air. 1. An apparatus for producing a natural gas using carbon dioxide and water in air , comprising:an air-compressing member;a water collecting member for collecting and separating water from the compressed air supplied from the air-compressing member;a water storing member connected to the water collecting member and for storing the collected water;a carbon dioxide collecting member connected to the water collecting member and for collecting carbon dioxide from dry air supplied after the water collecting member collects water;a water electrolysis member for electrolyzing water supplied from the water storing member to generate oxygen and hydrogen;a methanation reaction member for generating a natural gas by methanation reaction of hydrogen supplied from a hydrogen storing member connected to the water electrolysis member and carbon dioxide supplied from a carbon dioxide storing member connected to the carbon dioxide collecting member;a separation member having a means for separating the natural gas, carbon dioxide and water contained in a methanation reaction product supplied from the ...

PLANTS WITH MODIFIED TRAITS

The present invention relates to transgenic plants, or parts thereof, with modified traits, as well as methods of selecting and using these plants or parts. In particular, the present invention relates to a transgenic plant, or part thereof, comprising a first exogenous polynucleotide which encodes a transcription factor polypeptide that increases the expression of one or more glycolytic and/or fatty acid biosynthetic genes in the plant or part thereof, and a second exogenous polynucleotide which encodes a polypeptide involved in the biosynthesis of one or more non-polar lipids. Furthermore, in addition to an increased triacylglycerol (TAG) content relative to a corresponding wild-type plant or part thereof, the plant or part thereof have a modified phenotype selected from; an increased soluble protein content, an increased nitrogen content, a decreased carbon:nitrogen ratio, increased photosynthetic gene expression, increased photosynthetic capacity, decreased total dietary fibre (TDF) content, increased carbon content and an increased energy content. 2. The plant or part thereof of which is derived from an ancestor transgenic plant which comprises the first and second exogenous polynucleotides claim 1 , wherein the ancestor transgenic plant was selected from a plurality of candidate transgenic plants each comprising the first and second exogenous polynucleotides on the basis that the ancestor transgenic plant comprised one or more or all of the following phenotypes;a) an increased soluble protein content in at least a part of the transgenic plant relative to a corresponding wild-type plant or part thereof,b) an increased nitrogen content in at least a part of the transgenic plant relative to a corresponding wild-type plant or part thereof,c) decreased carbon:nitrogen ratio in at least a part of the transgenic plant relative to a corresponding wild-type plant or part thereof,d) increased photosynthetic gene expression in at least a part of the transgenic plant ...

PSEUDO-ISOTHERMAL REACTOR

The present disclosure relates in a broad form to a pseudo-isothermal flow reactor () for an exothermal reaction comprising at least two reaction enclosures () and a cooling medium enclosure () configured to hold a cooling medium under pressure at the boiling point of said cooling medium, said reaction enclosures () having an outer surface configured to be in thermal contact with the cooling medium, and each of said reaction enclosures () having an inlet and an outlet with the associated benefit of enabling a two-stage pseudo-isothermal operation while only requiring a single cooling medium enclosure () and only single cooling medium circuit. 1. A pseudo-isothermal flow reactor for an exothermal reaction comprising at least two reaction enclosures and a cooling medium enclosure configured to hold a cooling medium under pressure at the boiling point of said cooling medium , said reaction enclosures having an outer surface configured to be in thermal contact with the cooling medium , each of said reaction enclosures having a reaction enclosure inlet and a reaction enclosure outlet and said cooling medium enclosure having a cooling medium inlet and a cooling medium outlet and each of said inlets and outlets being individually connectable.2. A reactor according to further comprising a catalytically active material inside at least 50% or 80% of the volume of at least one reaction enclosure.3. A reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising an inlet manifold wherein at least one of said first reaction enclosure and said second reaction enclosure comprises a multitude of reaction tubes claim 1 , such as at least 2 claim 1 , 50 claim 1 , 100 or 1000 reaction tubes claim 1 , each tube having a tube inlet in fluid connection with said inlet manifold claim 1 , which is configured to receive a fluid stream from said reaction enclosure inlet and to distribute said fluid stream between the tube inlets of said multitude of reaction tubes.4. A reactor according to claim 1 , ...

CONFIGURATIONS AND METHOD OF INTEGRATING A GAS TO LIQUIDS (GTL) PLANT IN A REFINERY

A crude oil processing plant that comprises a Fischer-Tropsch reactor is disclosed. The crude oil processing plant comprises a crude oil processing section and a hydrogen production section. The hydrogen production section is coupled to a hydrocracker in the crude oil processing section to deliver a high purity hydrogen stream. The Fischer-Tropsch reactor receives a syngas stream from the hydrogen production section and produces a hydrocarbon stream. When light crude oil is processed, the hydrocracker typically has excess capacities to upgrade the hydrocarbon stream from the Fischer-Tropsch reactor. 1. A crude oil processing plant having a crude oil processing section and a hydrogen production section , wherein the crude oil processing section includes a distillation unit and a hydrocracker , wherein the hydrogen production section includes a steam methane reformer and a shift reactor , and wherein the hydrogen production section is coupled to the hydrocracker to deliver a high purity hydrogen stream , the plant comprising:a Fischer-Tropsch reactor coupled to the steam methane reformer, and the hydrocracker, wherein the Fischer-Tropsch reactor is configured to receive a first portion of a steam methane reformer product stream and produce (i) a hydrocarbon stream to deliver to the hydrocracker and (ii) a tail gas stream to deliver to at least one of the shift reactor and the steam methane reformer.2. The plant of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocracker is configured to receive the hydrocarbon stream claim 1 , the high purity hydrogen stream claim 1 , and a fractionated crude oil from the distillation unit to produce a mixture of a naphtha claim 1 , jet fuel claim 1 , and a diesel product.3. The plant of claim 2 , wherein the hydrocracker is configured to produce the diesel product having a cetane number of at least 45.4. The plant of claim 2 , wherein the distillation column is configured to receive a light crude oil to produce the fractionated crude oil.5. The plant of ...

Gas recycle loops in process for converting municipal solid waste into ethanol

Facilities and processes for generating ethanol from municipal solid waste (MSW) in an economical way via generating a syngas, passing the syngas through a catalytic synthesis reactor, separating fuel grade ethanol, extracting energy at particular strategic points, and recycling undesired byproducts.

A COMBINED SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING FUEL AND THERMAL ENERGY AND A METHOD FOR PODUCTION OF FUEL AND THERMAL ENERGY

A combined system for producing fuel and thermal energy, comprising: an electrolyser () for producing oxygen and hydrogen in the process of water electrolysis; a gasifier () for producing synthesis gas in a process of gasification of carbon-based fuel in the presence of a gasifying agent; a methane synthesis reactor () for producing methane in a process of synthesis of carbon oxide from the gasifier () and hydrogen from a water electrolyser (); a reactor () with a catalytic packing for producing carbon dioxide in a process of combustion of synthesis gas from the gasifier () and/or methane; wherein the electrolyser () comprises a heat exchange system connected with a heat exchanger (). 1. A combined system for producing fuel and thermal energy , the system comprising:an a water electrolyser for producing oxygen and hydrogen in a process of water electrolysis;a gasifier for producing a synthesis gas in a process of a gasification of carbon-based fuel in a presence of a gasifying agent;a methane synthesis reactor for producing methane in a process of synthesis of carbon oxide produced by the gasifier and hydrogen produced by the water electrolyser;a reactor with a catalytic packing for producing carbon dioxide in a process of a combustion of the synthesis gas produced b the gasifier and/or methane;wherein the electrolyser comprises a heat exchange system connected with a heat exchanger.2. The system according to claim 1 , further comprising a carbon dioxide storage tank for carbon dioxide emitted in the process of combustion in the reactor with the catalytic packing.3130. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the methane synthesis reactor () is further configured to produce methane in a process of synthesis of carbon oxide from the gasifier claim 1 , carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide tank and hydrogen from the water electrolyser;4. The system according to claim 2 , further comprising an additional methane synthesis reactor for producing methane in a process of ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONVERTING CARBON DIOXIDE IN FLUE GAS INTO NATURAL GAS

A device for converting carbon dioxide in flue gas into natural gas using dump energy. The device includes a transformer and rectifier device, an electrolytic cell, a turbine, a carbon dioxide heater, a primary fixed bed reactor, a secondary fixed bed reactor, a natural gas condenser, and a process water line. An outlet of the transformer and rectifier device is connected to a power interface of the electrolytic cell, a gas-liquid outlet of a cathode of the electrolytic cell is connected to a gas-liquid inlet of a hydrogen separator, and a liquid outlet of the hydrogen separator is connected to a liquid reflux port of the cathode of the electrolytic cell. 2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the mixed gas outlet of the primary heat exchanger is provided with a bypass connected to a heat medium inlet of a circulating heat exchanger claim 1 , a heat medium outlet of the circulating heat exchanger is connected to an inlet of a circulating compressor through a circulating cooler claim 1 , an outlet of the circulating compressor is connected to a heated medium inlet of the circulating heat exchanger claim 1 , and a heated medium outlet of the circulating heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the primary fixed bed reactor.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein an intermediate fixed bed reactor is provided between the primary fixed bed reactor and the secondary fixed bed reactor; an inlet of the intermediate fixed bed reactor is connected to a mixed gas outlet of the primary heat exchanger claim 1 , and an outlet of the intermediate fixed bed reactor is connected to the inlet of the secondary fixed bed reactor through an intermediate heat exchanger.4. The device of claim 2 , wherein an intermediate fixed bed reactor is provided between the primary fixed bed reactor and the secondary fixed bed reactor; an inlet of the intermediate fixed bed reactor is connected to a mixed gas outlet of the primary heat exchanger claim 2 , and an outlet of the intermediate fixed bed reactor ...

Processes for producing hydrocarbon products

The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.

BLENDS OF LOW CARBON AND CONVENTIONAL FUELS WITH IMPROVED PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

The present invention provides a blended fuel and methods for producing the blended fuel, wherein a low carbon fuel derived from a renewable resource such as biomass, is blended with a traditional, petroleum derived fuel. A blended fuel which includes greater than 10% by volume of low carbon fuel has an overall improved lifecycle greenhouse gas content of about 5% or more compared to the petroleum derived fuel. Also, blending of the low carbon fuel to the traditional, petroleum fuel improves various engine performance characteristics of the traditional fuel. 1. A blended fuel comprising:(a) about 5% to about 90%, by volume, of a petroleum fuel; and(b) about 95% to about 10%, by volume, of a low carbon fuel produced from a renewable biomass feedstock, using a thermochemical or biochemical conversion process,wherein the low carbon fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least about 50% lower than a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the low carbon fuel has at least two performance characteristic values measurable by ASTM tests which are at least about 30% improved than corresponding performance characteristic values of the petroleum fuel; andwherein the blended fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least 5% lower than the well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the blended fuel has at least two performance characteristic values measurable by ASTM tests which are at least about 5% improved than corresponding performance characteristic values of the petroleum fuel.220-. (canceled)21. A blended fuel comprising:(a) a petroleum fuel; and(b) a low carbon fuel produced from a renewable biomass feedstock, using a thermochemical or biochemical conversion process,wherein the low carbon fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least about 50% lower than a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the low carbon fuel has at least two ...

Methanation Catalyst

The invention relates to use of a catalyst comprising particles of nickel dispersed in a porous silica matrix for catalysing a methanation reaction. There is also described a method for methanation of a feedstock at least comprising gases carbon monoxide and hydrogen, said method comprising contacting the feedstock with the catalyst.

LIQUID FUEL PRODUCTION METHOD USING BIOMASS

A liquid fuel production method of the present invention includes: a saccharification step in which a biomass is saccharified; a methane fermentation step in which a saccharified liquid acquired in the saccharification step undergoes methane fermentation; and a biogas to liquid (BTL) step in which a liquid fuel is generated from a biogas acquired in the methane fermentation step. 1. A liquid fuel production method using a biomass , the method comprising:a saccharification step in which the biomass is saccharified;a methane fermentation step in which a saccharified liquid acquired in the saccharification step undergoes methane fermentation; anda biogas to liquid (BTL) step in which a liquid fuel is generated from a biogas acquired in the methane fermentation step.2. The liquid fuel production method according to claim 1 , wherein the BTL step includes:a synthesis gas generation step in which a synthesis gas is generated from the biogas acquired in the methane fermentation step;an FT synthesis step in which the synthesis gas acquired in the synthesis gas generation step is subjected to a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis process; andan upgrade step in which an FT synthetic oil acquired in the FT synthesis step is subjected to an upgrade process.3. The liquid fuel production method according to claim 2 , wherein drainage water acquired in the FT synthesis step and the upgrade step is processed in the methane fermentation step.4. The liquid fuel production method according to claim 1 , comprising:a juicing step of juicing sap from a woody biomass including a sugar solution as the sap as a step preceding the saccharification step when the biomass is the woody biomass,wherein, in the methane fermentation step, the saccharified liquid and the sap undergo the methane fermentation.5. The liquid fuel production method according to claim 1 , further comprising:a crushing step of crushing the biomass as a step preceding the saccharification step.6. The liquid fuel production ...

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE HAVING CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE AND FUEL ADDITIVE SYNTHESIS SYSTEM

Separation of carbon dioxide from the exhaust of an internal combustion engine, the production of hydrogen from water, and reformation of carbon dioxide and hydrogen into relatively high-octane fuel components. 1. An internal combustion engine comprising:an engine control system in communication with said engine that detects and evaluates the presence of engine knock;a carbon dioxide separator to separate carbon dioxide from internal combustion engine exhaust;a condenser and electrolyzer to separate water from said engine exhaust and provide hydrogen;a reformer that converts said separated carbon dioxide and hydrogen into one or more high octane fuel components;wherein said engine control system is configured to introduce said one or more high octane fuel components into said engine upon determination that said engine requires said one or more components to mitigate and/or prevent engine knock.2. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , wherein said carbon dioxide separator comprises a substrate layer of inorganic oxides claim 1 , a barrier layer of in-situ LiZrO claim 1 , a LiZrOsorbent layer and an inorganic oxide cap layer.3. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , wherein reformer converts said separated carbon dioxide and hydrogen into a mixture of methane claim 1 , methanol and ethanol.4. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , wherein said reformer comprises a catalyst selected from Cu claim 1 , ZnO claim 1 , AlOor NiGa.5. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , wherein said engine includes an intake system and said high octane components are configured to be introduced into said intake system.6. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , wherein said engine includes a fuel rail that supplies fuel injectors wherein said one or more high octane components are configured to be introduced to said fuel rail.7. The internal combustion engine of claim 1 , having fuel injectors dedicated to delivery of said one or more high octane fuel components.8. ...

RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGE AND ZERO EMISSION POWER SYSTEM

The invention provides an energy system comprising a fuel processor for receiving a hydrocarbon fuel and for catalytically converting the hydrocarbon fuel into a reformate, an electric heating apparatus coupled to the fuel processor for providing thermal energy to the fuel processor, an energy source coupled to the electric heating apparatus for providing power thereto, and a catalytic reactor for processing the reformate and for converting the reformate into a liquid fuel. 1. An energy system , comprisinga fuel processor for receiving a hydrocarbon fuel and for catalytically converting the hydrocarbon fuel into a reformate,an electric heating apparatus coupled to the fuel processor for providing thermal energy to the fuel processor,a renewable energy source coupled to the electric heating apparatus for providing power thereto, anda catalytic reactor for processing the reformate and for converting the reformate into a liquid fuel or a liquid chemical.2. The energy system of claim 1 , wherein the fuel processor comprises a reformer.3. The energy system of claim 2 , wherein the reformer is a partial oxidation reformer claim 2 , an autothermal reformer claim 2 , a steam methane reformer claim 2 , or a steam reformer.4. The energy system of claim 1 , wherein the electric heating apparatus is disposed within the fuel processor.5. The energy system of claim 1 , wherein the electric heating apparatus is disposed external to the fuel processor.6. The energy system of claim 1 , wherein the energy source is a renewable solar or wind energy source.7. The energy system of claim 1 , further comprising a separation unit coupled to the fuel processor for separating hydrogen from the reformate.8. The energy system of claim 7 , further comprisinga compressor coupled to the separation unit for compressing the hydrogen separated from the reformate by the separation unit, anda storage element for storing the hydrogen compressed by the compressor.9. The energy system of claim 1 , ...

Method of producing product gas from multiple carbonaceous feedstock streams mixed with a reduced-pressure mixing gas

A feedstock delivery system transfers a carbonaceous material, such as municipal solid waste, into a product gas generation system. The feedstock delivery system includes a splitter for splitting bulk carbonaceous material into a plurality of carbonaceous material streams. Each stream is processed using a weighing system for gauging the quantity of carbonaceous material, a densification system for forming plugs of carbonaceous material, a de-densification system for breaking up the plugs of carbonaceous material, and a gas and carbonaceous material mixing system for forming a carbonaceous material and gas mixture. A pressure of the mixing gas is reduced prior to mixing with the carbonaceous material, and the carbonaceous material to gas weight ratio is monitored. A transport assembly conveys the carbonaceous material and gas mixture to a first reactor where at least the carbonaceous material within the mixture is subject to thermochemical reactions to form the product gas.

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from biogenic carbon materials , the fuel derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid waste that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials, to produce a feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andb) converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid waste; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive.2. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are purposefully removed from the municipal solid waste.4. The transportation fuel or additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing ...

FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES THAT HAVE HIGH BIOGENIC CONTENT DERIVED FROM RENEWABLE ORGANIC FEEDSTOCK

Fuel and fuel additives can be produced by processes that provide Fischer-Tropsch liquids having high biogenic carbon concentrations of up to about 100% biogenic carbon. The fuels and fuel additive have essentially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids which, in turn, contain the same concentration of biogenic carbon as the feedstock. 1. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources comprising:At least one of Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) and diesel derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the renewable organic feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbon.3. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock , the high biogenic content fuel comprising:at least one of naphtha, diesel fuel and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) derived from Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic concentration as the Fischer-Tropsch liquids and having substantially the same high biogenic renewable organic concentration as the feedstock to the Fischer-Tropsch process that creates the Fischer-Tropsch liquids, wherein the high biogenic concentration is up to 100% biogenic carbons in both the feedstock and the FT liquids, as confirmable by radiocarbon dating and as opposed to non-biogenic carbons derived from fossil sources of carbons.5. A high biogenic content fuel derived from renewable organic feedstock sources according to wherein the high biogenic concentration is the same percentage biogenic carbon in both the feedstock and the FT liquids.6. A high ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR UTILIZING ALCOHOL FUELS

Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for producing, storing and using alcohol fuels. In one aspect of the disclosed technology, a method to provide a fuel for an engine includes mixing an alcohol with water to produce a wet alcohol, adding a fuel constituent in the wet alcohol to form a liquid fuel, the fuel constituent being soluble in the wet alcohol, and converting, in a container having an interior formed of an armored material, the liquid fuel into a gaseous fuel substance using at least one of heat energy or electrical energy to pressurize the liquid fuel, the gaseous fuel substance exhibiting a higher pressure and lower density than that of the liquid fuel. 1. A method for preparing a gaseous fuel , comprising:providing a wet alcohol;adding a fuel constituent to the wet alcohol to form a liquid fuel; andconverting the liquid fuel to form a gaseous fuel,wherein the gaseous fuel has a lower fuel density than the liquid fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wet alcohol comprises an alcohol and water.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the alcohol and water are mixed to form the wet alcohol prior to adding the fuel constituent.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the alcohol and water are co-produced.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the alcohol and water are co-produced by reacting hydrogen with carbon dioxide.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein at least a portion of the hydrogen and carbon are produced by heating a hydrocarbon feedstock.7. The method of further comprising adding an odorizing agent to the wet alcohol and/or the liquid fuel.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the converting comprises applying heat to the liquid fuel.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the converting comprises applying electrical energy to the liquid fuel.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the converting comprises applying heat and electrical energy to the liquid fuel.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the converting occurs in an armored container.12. The method of claim ...

Feedstock Processing Systems And Methods For Producing Fischer-Tropsch Liquids And Transportation Fuels

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less. 1. A method for processing feedstock , characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed solid waste is municipal solid waste (MSW).5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixed solid waste is comprised of wet organic waste claim 2 , dry organic waste and inorganic waste that is comingled.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids are upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels.8. The method of claim 5 ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC HYDROCARBONS FROM COAL, BIOMASS, AND NATURAL GAS

Methods of optimal refinery design utilizing a thermochemical based superstructure are provided. Methods of producing liquid fuels utilizing a refinery selected from a thermochemical based superstructure are provided. Thermochemical based superstructures are provided. Refineries are provided. 1. A superstructure for a refinery comprising:at least one synthesis gas production unit configured to produce at least one synthesis gas selected from the group consisting of a biomass synthesis gas production unit, a coal synthesis gas production unit and a natural gas synthesis gas production unit, wherein the selection of the at least one synthesis gas production unit is determined by a mixed-integer linear optimization model solved by a global optimization framework;a synthesis gas cleanup unit configured to remove undesired gases from the at least one synthesis gas;a liquid fuels production unit selected from the group consisting of a Fischer-Tropsch unit and a methanol synthesis unit, the Fischer-Tropsch unit being configured to produce a first output from the at least one synthesis gas, and the methanol synthesis unit being configured to produce a second output from the at least one synthesis gas, wherein the selection of the liquid fuels production unit is determined by the mixed-integer linear optimization model solved by the global optimization framework;a liquid fuels upgrading unit configured to upgrade the first output of the second output, wherein the type of liquid fuels upgrading unit is determined by the mixed-integer linear optimization model solved by the global optimization framework;a hydrogen production unit configured to produce hydrogen for the refinery;an oxygen production unit configured to produce oxygen for the refinery;a wastewater treatment network configured to process wastewater from the refinery and input freshwater into the refinery, wherein the type of wastewater treatment network is determined by a mixed-integer linear optimization model ...

USE OF METHANOL IN THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND FUEL, PROCESSES AND PLANTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN AND FUEL

The invention relates to the use of biomethanol from the pulp industry in the production of biohydrogen. The preferred biomethanol comprises purified biomethanol derived from black liquor. The invention also relates to a process for the production of biohydrogen from crude biomethanol recovered from black liquor and to a process for producing hydrocarbon biofuel using such biohydrogen as a hydrogen source. The invention further relates to a biofuel production facility for producing fuel from biohydrogen and biohydrocarbon, and to biofuel so produced. The invention makes it possible to produce a biofuel, wherein 100% of the raw material stems from non-fossil sources. 1. A process for the production of biohydrogen , characterized in that crude biomethanol recovered from black liquor is purified and reformed , where after biohydrogen is recovered.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said purification includes steps selected from washing claim 1 , scrubbing claim 1 , stripping claim 1 , liquid-liquid separation claim 1 , distillation claim 1 , catalytic conversion claim 1 , ion exchange claim 1 , absorption and adsorption.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said reforming comprises autothermal reforming or steam reforming.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said biohydrogen is recovered by separating it from carbon dioxide in a pressure swing adsorption unit.5. A process for producing hydrocarbon biofuel claim 1 , characterized in thata) crude biomethanol recovered from black liquor is purified and reformed to provide biohydrogen and purified biohydrogen is recovered;b) a biohydrocarbon stream is produced by a process selected from a Fischer-Tropsch reaction of syngas produced from biomass, a hydrodeoxygenation of biological triglycerides or fatty acids and combinations thereof, whereinc) said biohydrocarbon stream production of step b) includes at least one process step selected from adjusting the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of syngas ...

PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS WITH FAVOURABLE GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONS FROM CELLULOSIC FEEDSTOCKS

The present invention provides a process for producing one or more products for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process comprises treating a cellulosic feedstock, in one or more processing steps that release extractives from the feedstock. A solids-liquid separation is subsequently conducted on the process stream comprising the extractives and solids. An aqueous stream comprising one or more of the extractives may be fed to an anaerobic digester to produce crude biogas from which one or more impurities may optionally be removed. In various embodiments the process further comprises providing a solids stream to a thermal process. A product produced or derived from the thermal process may displace a product made from fossil fuel. One or more products obtained or derived from at least one of the foregoing process steps are provided for use as a transportation or heating fuel. In various embodiments the process enables advantaged fuel credit generation. 114-. (canceled)15. A process for producing a transportation or heating fuel comprising the steps of:(i) treating a cellulosic feedstock in one or more processing steps that release at least acetic acid, acetate, or a combination thereof from the feedstock;(ii) conducting a solids-liquid separation on a process stream comprising at least the acetic acid, acetate, or a combination thereof and solids comprising insoluble components, thereby producing an aqueous stream comprising at least the acetic acid, acetate, or a combination thereof, and a solids stream comprising the insoluble components;(iii) feeding the aqueous stream or a portion thereof comprising the acetic acid, acetate, or a combination thereof to an anaerobic digester to produce crude biogas that comprises carbon dioxide;(iv) removing at least 80 weight percent of the carbon dioxide present in the crude biogas to produce a purified biogas;(v) providing a condensate stream from the process and introducing at least a portion ...

PROCESS FOR USING SEQUESTERED CARBON DIOXIDE IN FUELS AND CHEMICALS

A process to optimize carbon from carbon dioxide in synthesis gas used to produce synthetic chemicals and fuels. The process involves using captured carbon dioxide from any source and controlling its reformation with gaseous hydrocarbons to produce a synthesis gas with a specific carbon monoxide to hydrogen ratio suitable for selected intermediate and end products. The carbon from carbon dioxide displaces fossil carbon and lowers the carbon intensity of the products. The process uses any hydrocarbon gas, fossil or renewable, and may utilize steam to optimize the synthesis gas composition. The invention also includes recycling gases and the generation of heat, steam and electrical power for the reformer and other equipment, significantly reducing the carbon footprint of the plant. 1. A process to produce a synthesis gas comprising at least carbon from carbon dioxide:a. extracting and collecting gases containing at least carbon dioxide from a source;b. cleaning the gases containing at least carbon dioxide of impurities if required in downstream process operations;c. pressuring the gases containing at least carbon dioxide and feeding to a heated pressurized catalytic reactor;d. cleaning a gas stream containing at least gaseous hydrocarbons of impurities if required in downstream process operations;e. pressurizing the gas stream containing at least gaseous hydrocarbons if required and feeding to the heated pressurized catalytic reactor;f. adding a calculated volume of steam to the reactor such as to promote the reactions to produce a synthesis gas containing at least carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a ratio which favors the production of an end product;g. feeding the formed synthesis gas containing at least the desired ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen to a reactor or series of reactors to produce an end product comprising at least carbon from the input carbon dioxide.2. A process to produce a synthesis gas comprising at least carbon from carbon dioxide as in where ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD OF PREPARING SYNTHETIC FUEL USING NATURAL GAS

Disclosed is an apparatus and method of preparing synthetic fuel using natural gas extracted from a standard gas field on land or at sea as a raw material through a compact GTL process or a GTL-FPSO process. A parallel-type gas purification unit for controlling a molar ratio of synthetic gas and a concentration of carbon dioxide in the synthetic gas, in which a COseparation device and a bypass unit are disposed in parallel, is provided and, thus, the gas purification unit may prepare the synthetic gas by a steam carbon dioxide reforming (SCR) reaction using natural gas having different COcontents of various standard gas fields and then supply the synthetic gas having an optimum composition suitable for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction to prepare the synthetic fuel. 1. An apparatus of preparing synthetic fuel using natural gas , comprising:{'sub': '5', 'sup': '+', 'a liquid separator configured to separate C condensate and oil from the natural gas supplied from a standard gas field;'}{'sub': 1', '4', '5, 'sup': '+', 'a desulfurizer configured to remove sulfur from C-Cgas obtained by separating the C condensate and oil from the natural gas by the liquid separator;'}a pre-reformer configured to convert higher hydrocarbons having 2 or more carbon atoms in desulfurized gas, obtained by the desulfurizer, into methane;{'sub': '2', 'a reforming reactor configured to generate synthetic gas comprising hydrogen (H) and carbon monoxide (CO) through a Steam Carbon dioxide Reforming (SCR) reaction to reform methane and carbon dioxide into steam, after a pre-reforming process executed by the pre-reformer;'}a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor configured to generate the synthetic fuel from the synthetic gas generated by the reforming reactor through a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction; and{'sub': 2', '2', '2', '2, 'a gas purification unit configured to control a H/CO molar ratio of the synthetic gas and a concentration of carbon dioxide in the synthetic gas, and comprising a ...

CARBON DIOXIDE CONVERSION TO HYDROCARBON FUEL VIA SYNGAS PRODUCTION CELL HARNESSED FROM SOLAR RADIATION

A process for converting carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon fuels using solar energy harnessed with a solar thermal power system to create thermal energy and electricity, using the thermal energy to heat a fuel feed stream, the heated fuel feed stream comprising carbon dioxide and water, the carbon dioxide captured from a flue gas stream, converting the carbon dioxide and water in a syngas production cell, the syngas production cell comprising a solid oxide electrolyte, to create carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and converting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to hydrocarbon fuels in a catalytic reactor. In at least one embodiment, the syngas production cell is a solid oxide fuel cell. In at least one embodiment, the syngas production cell is a solid oxide electrolyzer cell. 1. A system to convert carbon dioxide to hydrocarbon fuels using solar energy , the system comprising:a solar thermal power system configured to convert solar energy to thermal energy and electricity, the solar thermal power system being in thermal communication with a syngas production cell, wherein the syngas production cell is configured to receive thermal energy from the solar thermal power system; wherein the syngas production cell comprises a solid oxide electrolyzer cell,', 'wherein the fuel feed stream comprises carbon dioxide and water,', 'wherein the syngas production cell is configured to convert the carbon dioxide and water into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the carbon monoxide and hydrogen operable to form the syngas stream; and, 'the syngas production cell comprises a fuel side comprising a fuel inlet configured to receive a fuel feed stream and a fuel outlet configured to receive a syngas stream, and an oxygen side comprising an oxygen outlet configured to receive an oxygen stream,'}a catalytic reactor fluidly connected to the fuel side of the syngas production cell, the catalytic reactor being configured to convert the syngas stream from the fuel side of the syngas production cell to a ...

METHODS AND PRODUCTS FOR GENERATING OILS

Compositions and methods for enhancing secretion of oils from oil producing cells are described herein. In particular, secretion of oils is enhanced by treating the cells with herbicides. The oils generated according to the invention may be useful, for example, in the production of biofuels. 1. A method , comprisingcontacting an oil producing cell with an herbicide in an effective amount to promote secretion of oil by the cell and collecting the oil from the oil producing cell.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method is a method for preparing a biofuel and further comprising processing the oil to produce a biofuel.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the herbicide is a sulfonylurea.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sulfonylurea is selected from the group consisting of Chlorpropamide claim 3 , glimepiride claim 3 , glyburide claim 3 , glipizide claim 3 , Tolazamide claim 3 , and Tolbutamide.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the sulfonylurea is glyburide.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil is processed to produce biofuel using a thermochemical liquification process.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil is processed to produce biofuel using a pyrolysis process.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil producing cell is an algae.9schizochytrium.. The method of claim 8 , wherein the algae is a10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofuel is syngas.11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the syngas is processed by a FischerTropsch reaction to produce a biodiesel.12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biofuel is biodiesel.13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the biodiesel is processed using a transesterification process.14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the transesterification process is achieved by mixing the oil with methanol.15. The method of claim 1 , further comprising contacting the oil producing cell with an inhibitor of fatty acid metabolism.16. The method of claim 15 , wherein claim 15 , wherein the inhibitor of fatty acid metabolism is an ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A CHEMICAL OR FUEL

A method for providing a fuel includes providing a partially purified biogas at a first processing site, where the partially purified biogas is produced by multiple biogas sources and/or from multiple feedstock sources. The partially purified biogas is compressed, fed to a mobile tank, and transported by vehicle to a second processing site. At the second processing site, which may also receive biogas from a plurality of biogas sources, the partially purified biogas is further processed to produce a fuel or fuel intermediate. 120-. (canceled)21. A method for producing a chemical or fuel comprising:(a) at a first processing site, receiving biogas from a first plurality of biogas sources, the biogas received from each biogas source being raw biogas or partially purified biogas;(b) at the first processing site, processing the biogas received in (a) and feeding the processed biogas into one or more mobile tanks until each mobile tank is pressurized to at least 1000 psig, the processing comprising partial purification, compression, or a combination thereof;(c) transporting the one or mobile tanks pressurized to at least 1000 psig to a second other processing site;(d) removing the processed biogas from the one or more mobile tanks transported in step (c); and(e) producing the chemical, fuel, or fuel intermediate using feedstock comprising methane from the processed biogas removed in step (d) and fossil-based methane.22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein said second processing site is configured to receive biogas from a second other plurality of biogas sources.23. The method according to claim 21 , wherein each biogas source in the first plurality of biogas sources is connected to the first processing site by pipeline.24. The method according to claim 22 , wherein each biogas source in the second plurality of biogas sources is connected to the second processing site or to a third other processing site by pipeline.25. The method according to claim 24 , wherein each ...

Refining assemblies and refining methods for rich natural gas

Refining assemblies and methods for refining rich natural gas containing a first methane gas and other hydrocarbons that are heavier than methane gas are disclosed. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a methane-producing assembly configured to receive at least one liquid-containing feed stream that includes water and rich natural gas and to produce an output stream therefrom by (a) converting at least a substantial portion of the other hydrocarbons of the rich natural gas with the water to a second methane gas, a lesser portion of the water, and other gases, and (b) allowing at least a substantial portion of the first methane gas from the rich natural gas to pass through the methane-producing assembly unconverted. The assemblies may additionally include a purification assembly configured to receive the output stream and to produce a methane-rich stream therefrom having a greater methane concentration than the output stream.

PROCESS FOR CO-PRODUCING COMMERCIALLY VALUABLE PRODUCTS FROM BYPRODUCTS OF FISCHER-TROPSCH PROCESS FOR HYDROCARBON FUEL FORMULATION IN A GTL ENVIRONMENT

The present invention is directed to the modification of the hydrocarbon production sequence of operations including the Fischer-Tropsch process for the production of hydrocarbon fuels in an efficient manner, along with the production of commercially valuable co-products from by-products of the hydrocarbon production process. 1. A process for co-producing commercially valuable products from by-products of a process for synthesizing hydrocarbons , comprising the steps of:(a) formulating a first hydrogen rich syngas stream with a syngas generator;(b) subjecting a portion of said first hydrogen rich syngas stream to a hydrogen separator unit to provide a purified hydrogen by-product stream and a second hydrogen rich syngas stream;(c) subjecting at least a portion of said first hydrogen rich syngas stream, at least a portion of said second hydrogen rich syngas stream, or a combination thereof, to a carbon dioxide removal operation to obtain purified hydrogen rich syngas stream and a carbon dioxide by-product stream;(d) catalytically converting said purified hydrogen rich syngas stream to synthesize said hydrocarbons; and(e) converting said purified hydrogen by-product stream and/or said carbon dioxide by-product stream into said commercially valuable co-products.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein conversion of said purified hydrogen rich syngas stream is achieved using Fischer-Tropsch reactor.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said commercially valuable co-products are selected from the group consisting of methanol claim 1 , ammonia claim 1 , urea or any combination thereof.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said syngas generator comprises a steam methane reformer (SMR) claim 1 , an autothermal reformer (ATR) claim 1 , any series or parallel combination thereof claim 1 , or a merged unit (XTR) having an autothermal reformer merged in a single unit with a steam methane reformer.5. The process according to claim 1 , comprising subjecting ...

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR TREATING NATURAL GAS

A process is described for treating a natural gas stream containing methane and one or more higher hydrocarbons including the steps of mixing at least a portion of the natural gas stream with steam; passing the mixture adiabatically over a supported precious metal reforming catalyst to generate a reformed gas mixture comprising methane, steam, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen; cooling the reformed gas mixture to below the dew point to condense water and removing the condensate to provide a de-watered reformed gas mixture, and passing the de-watered reformed gas mixture through an acid gas recovery unit to remove carbon dioxide and at least a portion of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide, thereby generating a methane stream. The methane stream may be used to adjust the composition of a natural gas stream, including a vapourised LNG stream, to meet pipeline specifications. 1. An apparatus for treating a natural gas stream containing methane and one or more higher hydrocarbons comprising:(i) means for adding steam and hydrogen to a natural gas stream,(ii) a reformer vessel operatively connected to the means for adding steam and hydrogen, said reformer vessel containing a supported precious metal reforming catalyst, configured such that the natural gas stream and steam are passed over the catalyst to generate a reformed gas mixture comprising methane, steam, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen,(iii) heat exchange means operatively connected to the reformer vessel to cool the reformed gas mixture to below the dew point and separation equipment operatively connected to the heat exchange means to recover process condensate and provide a de-watered reformed gas mixture, and(iv) an acid gas recovery unit operatively connected to the separation equipment to remove carbon dioxide and at least a portion of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide, thereby generating a methane stream.2. The apparatus according to further comprising a natural gas liquefaction unit ...

System And Method For Producing A Consistent Quality Syngas From Diverse Waste Materials With Heat Recovery Based Power Generation, And Renewable Hydrogen Co-Production

A system and method for converting waste and secondary materials into synthesis gas (syngas) through the use of a molten metal bath gasifier for the initial breakdown of waste feeds and an A/C plasma reactor for complete dissociation of waste feeds into syngas, and an anaerobic digester. The system includes a heat recovery and steam power generation process for the production of electricity. The system produces a net output of electricity above plant load sufficient for the co-production of renewable Hydrogen and Oxygen. The process does not require the use of fossil fuels or fossil feedstocks during normal operations, and it eliminates combustion produced stack emissions or landfill residuals. 1. A method for efficiently converting heterogeneous waste materials consisting of biodegradable and/or non-biodegradable wastes into a high quality syngas , comprising:(a) receiving, by a molten metal bath gasifier (MMBG) having a molten metal bath, a non-biodegradable waste into the molten metal bath;(b) outputting by the MMBG a process gas from the non-biodegradable waste;(c) receiving, by an anaerobic digester disposed upstream from the MMBG, a biodegradable waste;(d) outputting by the anaerobic digester a biogas and effluent from the biodegradable waste; and(e) receiving and converting, by an alternating current (A/C) plasma reactor disposed downstream from the MMBG and the anaerobic digester, the process gas from the MMBG and the biogas from the anaerobic digester into a plasma phase and outputting raw syngas.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anaerobic digester is thermophilic operating at a temperature between about 49° C. and 57° C.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anaerobic digester is mesophilic operating at a temperature between about 20° C. and 40° C.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of positioning a plasma generator in the A/C plasma reactor to allow a plasma plume formed by the plasma generator to be oriented upward.5. The method ...

ULTRA-LOW WATER INPUT OIL SANDS RECOVERY PROCESS

A method of processing raw oil sands material that includes bitumen. The method includes, in a predistillation process, heating the raw oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C. to at least partially vaporize the bitumen, to provide atmospheric gas oil and vacuum gas oil from the bitumen, and to provide coked oil sands material that includes carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand. The coked oil sands material is heated to approximately 900° C., to produce a dry barren hot oil sands material and syngas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases. Heat energy is transferred from at least a portion of the barren hot oil sands material to the raw oil sands material. 1. A method of processing raw oil sands material comprising bitumen , the method comprising: (i) heating the oil sands material to between approximately 350° C. and approximately 400° C., to produce atmospheric gas oil from the bitumen, and intermediate dried oil sands material;', '(ii) heating the intermediate dried oil sands material to between approximately 535° C. and at least approximately 600° C., to produce vacuum gas oil and coked oil sands material comprising carbon-heavy hydrocarbons and sand;, '(a) subjecting an oil sands material comprising the raw oil sands material to a predistillation process comprising(b) heating the coked oil sands material to approximately 900° C., to produce a dry barren hot oil sands material and syngas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases; and(c) transferring heat energy from at least a portion of the barren hot oil sands material to at least one of the oil sands material and the intermediate dried oil sands material.2. A method according to additionally comprising:(d) refining the atmospheric gas oil to provide at least one of liquefied petroleum gas and gasoline; and(e) refining the vacuum gas oil to provide at least one of jet fuel, diesel fuel, and gas oil.3. A method according to in which the syngas is further ...

COMBINED PROCESSES FOR UTILIZING SYNTHESIS GAS with LOW CO2 EMISSION AND HIGH ENERGY OUTPUT

A process and system for producing liquid and gas fuels and other useful chemicals from carbon containing source materials comprises cool plasma gasification and/or pyrolysis of a source material to produce synthesis gas using the produced synthesis gas for the production of a hydrocarbon, methanol, ammonia, urea, and other products. The process and system are capable of sequestering carbon dioxide and reducing NOx and SOx. 113-. (canceled)14. A system for the production of a fuel from a carbon containing source material , said system comprising:a cool plasma gasifier configured for receiving a carbon-containing material and converting at least a portion of the source material into synthesis gas;a water gas shift reactor configured for receiving a feed of synthesis gas from the cool plasma gasifier and for converting at least a portion of CO in the synthesis gas into CO2; anda gas to fuel reactor configured for receiving synthesis gas from the water gas shift reactor and synthesizing a hydrocarbon and/or an alcohol from CO and H2 present in the synthesis gas wherein:said water gas shift reactor comprises a catalyst configured for catalyzing the conversion of CO into CO2 andsaid gas to fuel reactor comprises a catalyst configured for catalyzing the synthesis of the hydrocarbon and/or the alcohol.15. The system according to claim 14 , wherein the cool plasma gasifier is fluidically coupled to a combustor and is configured for receiving an exhaust from a combustion process.16. The system according to claim 14 , wherein the water gas shift reactor is fluidically coupled to a combustor and is configured for receiving an exhaust from a combustion process.17. The system according to claim 14 , wherein the catalyst in the water gas shift reactor and the catalyst in the gas to fuel reactor have the same composition.18. The system according to claim 14 , wherein the gas to fuel reactor and catalyst are configured for performing the net reaction nCO+2nH→CH+nHO where n is an ...

Biomass to Transportation Fuels Using a Fischer-Tropsch Process

An integrated plant to generate chemical grade syngas from a steam biomass reforming in a multiple stage bio reforming reactor for use with either a high temperature or low temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to produce fuel from biomass is discussed. The first stage has a reactor to cause a chemical devolatilization of a biomass feedstock from the biomass feedstock supply lines into its constituent gases of CO, H2, CO2, CH4, tars, chars, and other components into a raw syngas mixture. A second stage performs further reforming of the raw syngas from the first stage into the chemical grade syngas by further applying heat and pressure to chemically crack at least the tars, reform the CH4, or a combination of both, into their corresponding syngas molecules. The second stage feeds the chemical grade syngas derived from the biomass feedstock to the downstream Fischer-Tropsch train to produce the fuel from the biomass. One or more recycle loops supply tail gas or FT product back into the plant. 1. An integrated plant to generate chemical grade syngas from a bio reforming reactor for use with either a high temperature or low temperature Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process to produce fuel from biomass , comprising:an interconnected set of two or more stages forming the bio reforming reactor, where a first stage structurally includes a circulating fluidized bed reactor that circulates a heat absorbing media, where the first stage structurally also includes one or more steam inputs and one or more biomass feedstock supply lines into the circulating fluidized bed reactor of the first stage, where the first stage is structured and configured so that the circulating fluidized bed reactor causes a chemical devolatilization of a biomass feedstock from the biomass feedstock supply lines into its constituent gases of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), tars, chars and other components into a raw syngas mixture, where the second stage has ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FUEL USING TWO FERMENTATIONS

A process is provided for forming a fuel or a fuel intermediate from two fermentations that includes feeding an aqueous solution comprising a fermentation product from a first bioreactor to a second bioreactor and/or a stage upstream of the second bioreactor, which also produces the fermentation product. The aqueous solution may be added at any stage of the second fermentation and/or processing steps upstream from the second bioreactor that would otherwise require the addition of water. Accordingly, the product yield is increased while fresh/treated water usage is decreased. 134-. (canceled)35. A process for producing ethanol comprising:(i) obtaining methane sourced from biogas, said biogas produced from anaerobic digestion;(ii) reforming a gas to produce syngas, said gas comprising the methane sourced from biogas;(iii) converting one or more components of the syngas to ethanol, said converting comprising subjecting a gas substrate comprising the one or more components to a gas fermentation, said one or more components comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, or a combination thereof;(iv) using an aqueous stream comprising ethanol produced in (iii) in an ethanol production process that comprises fermenting carbohydrate to ethanol.36. The process according to claim 35 , wherein step (iv) comprises feeding said aqueous stream to a stage in the ethanol production process such that ethanol produced in (iii) is copresent with carbohydrate during at least part of a step of fermenting said carbohydrate to ethanol.37. The process according to claim 36 , comprising recovering ethanol produced in (iii) together with ethanol produced by fermenting said carbohydrate to ethanol.38. The process according to claim 37 , wherein said gas substrate comprises carbon dioxide produced from fermenting said carbohydrate to ethanol.39. The process according to claim 37 , wherein said ethanol production process is a cellulosic ethanol production process claim 37 , and wherein ...

Process for using biogenic carbon dioxide derived from non-fossil organic material

The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sourced from a process that produces hydrogen and fossil carbon dioxide from a fossil-fuel hydrocarbon and separates the fossil carbon dioxide from the hydrogen. The process may further comprise carrying out or arranging for one or more parties to carry out at least one step that contributes to a reduction in the GHG emissions of the biogenic carbon-based fuel, or a fuel made from the fuel intermediate, of at least 20% relative to a gasoline baseline. In various embodiments this includes (a) introducing the fossil carbon dioxide underground, and/or (b) using a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical and energy product produced from the non-fossil organic material to displace the use or production of a corresponding fossil-based product.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COGENERATING GAS-STEAM BASED ON GASIFICATION AND METHANATION OF BIOMASS

A system for cogenerating gas-steam based on gasification and methanation of biomass, the system including a gasification unit, a shift unit, a purification unit, a methanation unit, and a methane concentration unit. A waste heat boiler is provided in an upper part of a gasifier of the gasification unit. The methanation unit includes a first primary methanation reactor, a second primary methanation reactor, a first secondary methanation reactor, and a second secondary methanation reactor connected in series. An outlet of the second primary methanation reactor is provided with two bypasses, one of which is connected to an inlet of the first primary methanation reactor, the other of which is connected to the first secondary methanation reactor. The second secondary methanation reactor is connected to the methane concentration unit. 2. The system of claim 1 , whereinthe methanation unit comprises a primary methanation unit and a secondary methanation unit;the primary methanation unit comprises a first primary methanation reactor comprising a first outlet and an inlet and a second primary methanation reactor comprising a second outlet, and the first primary methanation reactor and the second primary methanation reactor are connected in series;the secondary methanation unit comprises a first secondary methanation reactor and a second secondary methanation reactor connected in series;the second outlet is provided with two bypasses: one of the two bypasses is connected to the inlet of the first primary methanation reactor to yield a first mixed gas; the other of the two bypasses is connected to the secondary methanation unit to yield a second mixed gas; andthe second secondary methanation reactor is connected to the methane concentration unit.3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a first waste heat boiler claim 2 , a first steam superheater claim 2 , a second waste heat boiler claim 2 , and a second steam superheater claim 2 , whereinthe first waste heat boiler and ...

PROCESS FOR USING BIOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE DERIVED FROM NON-FOSSIL ORGANIC MATERIAL

The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sourced from a process that produces hydrogen and fossil carbon dioxide from a fossil-fuel hydrocarbon and separates the fossil carbon dioxide from the hydrogen. The process may further comprise carrying out or arranging for one or more parties to carry out at least one step that contributes to a reduction in the GHG emissions of the biogenic carbon-based fuel, or a fuel made from the fuel intermediate, of at least 20% relative to a gasoline baseline. In various embodiments this includes (a) introducing the fossil carbon dioxide underground, and/or (b) using a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical and energy product produced from the non-fossil organic material to displace the use or production of a corresponding fossil-based product. 1. A process for producing a fuel or fuel intermediate containing carbon derived from non-fossil organic material comprising:(i) providing biogenic carbon dioxide that is sourced from a production process comprising at least one of a step of fermentation and a thermal process, said production process producing a first product derived from the non-fossil organic material, said first product selected from: (a) an energy product; (b) a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical product, a fuel and a fuel intermediate; and (c) a combination thereof, wherein the biogenic carbon dioxide is generated during the production process;(ii) providing a stream enriched in hydrogen that is sourced from a hydrogen production process, the hydrogen production process including a step of removing fossil carbon dioxide from a stream including hydrogen to provide the steam enriched in hydrogen;(iii) converting the biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen from the enriched hydrogen stream to a second product, said second product comprising at least one of a biogenic ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A FUEL

A method for providing a fuel includes providing a partially purified biogas at a first processing site, where the partially purified biogas is produced by multiple biogas sources and/or from multiple feedstock sources. The partially purified biogas is compressed, fed to a mobile tank, and transported by vehicle to a second processing site. At the second processing site, which may also receive biogas from a plurality of biogas sources, the partially purified biogas is further processed to produce a fuel or fuel intermediate. 1. A method for producing a fuel comprising:(a) providing partially purified biogas at a first processing site, said first processing site configured to receive biogas from a first plurality of biogas sources, feedstock from a first plurality of feedstock sources, or a combination thereof, said partially purified biogas comprising methane and carbon dioxide from biogas from the first plurality of biogas sources, from biogas produced from the feedstock, or a combination thereof;(b) at the first processing site, compressing the partially purified biogas and feeding the partially purified biogas into one or more mobile tanks until each mobile tank is pressurized to at least 1000 psig;(c) transporting the one or mobile tanks pressurized to at least 1000 psig to a second other processing site;(d) removing the partially purified biogas from the one or more mobile tanks transported in step (c); and(e) producing the fuel or a fuel intermediate using methane from at least the partially purified biogas removed in step (d).2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said second processing site is configured to receive biogas from a second other plurality of biogas sources claim 1 , feedstock from a second other plurality of feedstock sources claim 1 , or a combination thereof.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first processing site is connected by pipeline to the first plurality of biogas sources claim 1 , the first plurality of feedstock ...

NOVEL CONFIGURATION IN SINGLE-LOOP SYNFUEL GENERATION

This invention relates to a new process to directly produce transportation gasoline from synthesis gas containing principally carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. The process entails three sequential catalytic stages with intermediate heat exchange to provide the requisite temperature in each stage, but with no interstage separation. The recycle loop enhances the conversion of the synthesis gas to the desired products and also serves as heat sink for the highly exothermic reactions involved in each stage. 1. A process for making fuel from synthesis gas comprising the steps of:a. passing the synthesis gas through a first reactor to convert synthesis gas to methanol and water, which produces the first exit stream;b. passing the first exit stream through a second reactor to convert methanol to dimethylether, which produces a second exit stream;c. passing the second exit stream through a third reactor containing a third catalyst for converting methanol and dimethylether to fuel and heavy gasoline, and a fourth catalyst for converting the heavy gasoline to isoparaffins, naphthenes, and less substituted aromatics, which produces a third exit stream; andd. recycling the unreacted synthesis gas in the third exit stream, wherein no removal or separation of the first, second, or third exit streams are effected during the process.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first claim 1 , second claim 1 , third claim 1 , and fourth reactors operate at about 20-100 atm.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the fuel end-product contains essentially C4-C8 hydrocarbons claim 1 , toluene claim 1 , and xylene.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the heavy fuel/gasoline component contains ≧C8 aromatics.5. The process of claim 1 , the first reactor operates at about 250-270° C.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the second reactor operates at about 250-350° C.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the third reactor operates at about 300-400° C.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ...

ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PROVIDING HYDROGEN-BASED METHANOL

Method and device for providing and using a methanol-containing liquid. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said electrolyzer and/or said catalytic reactor is/are operated autonomously without being connected to a power grid.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein both said electrolyzer and/or said catalytic reactor are operated in an off-line mode.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said electrolyzer and/or said catalytic reactor are being constantly supplied with electric power generated by said water power plant.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said starting material (Sy) is compressed before being introduced into said catalytic reactor.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said methanol containing liquid is distilled to remove water.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a purifying process for a purification of the carbon-containing gas is carried out off-site before said carbon-containing gas is mixed with said hydrogen gas.8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein purified carbon-containing gas is delivered as cryogenic gas to an on-site gas buffer tank before being mixed with said hydrogen gas.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the methanol-containing liquid is delivered to at least one distribution point claim 1 , plant or sales location so as to make it available for the use in vehicles.10. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the liquid methanol is:used for the injection into a diesel engine of a vehicle, orused for blending with petrol, said blending being carried out in a stationary plant or inside a vehicle, orused in a combustion engine being designed in order to combust methanol.11. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the liquid methanol is filled into portable containers.12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the portable containers are designed for being inserted or plugged into a vehicle and wherein the vehicle is enabled to take liquid from a container after it was ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING FUEL USING TWO FERMENTATIONS

A process is provided for forming a fuel or a fuel intermediate from two fermentations that includes feeding an aqueous solution comprising a fermentation product from a first bioreactor to a second bioreactor and/or a stage upstream of the second bioreactor, which also produces the fermentation product. The aqueous solution may be added at any stage of the second fermentation and/or processing steps upstream from the second bioreactor that would otherwise require the addition of water. Accordingly, the product yield is increased while fresh/treated water usage is decreased. 134-. (canceled)35. A method for producing a fermentation product comprising:a) providing biomass; releasing fermentable sugars from the biomass to produce a first mixture comprising the released fermentable sugars;', 'subjecting at least the released fermentable sugars to a fermentation to produce a second mixture comprising the fermentation product;, 'b) converting part of the biomass to the fermentation product in a first process, the first process comprisingc) recovering the fermentation product from the second mixture to produce recovered fermentation product and still bottoms;d) subjecting the first mixture, the second mixture, the still bottoms, or a combination thereof to a solids-liquid separation to produce solids and liquid; subjecting at least the solids from the solids-liquid separation to a thermal process to produce syngas;', 'subjecting one or more components of the syngas to a gas fermentation, the gas fermentation producing an aqueous solution comprising the fermentation product; and, 'e) converting another part of the biomass to the fermentation product in a second process, the second process comprisingf) using at least part of the aqueous solution comprising the fermentation product produced from the second process in the first process such that the fermentation product from the first and second processes are recovered together.36. The method according to claim 35 , wherein ...

A PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OLEFINS THROUGH FT BASED SYNTHESIS

The present disclosures and inventions relate to a method that includes the steps of: a) introducing a natural gas; b) reforming the natural gas; wherein the reforming step comprises contacting the natural gas with steam to produce a syngas; c) converting the syngas to a product mixture comprising an olefin; wherein the converting step comprises contacting the syngas with a Co/Mn catalyst; wherein waste water is produced prior to step d); and d) recovering the waste water; wherein some or all of the recovered waste water is added to the natural gas prior to being introduced. 1. A method comprising:a) introducing a natural gas;b) reforming the natural gas; wherein the reforming step comprises contacting the natural gas with steam to produce a syngas;c) converting the syngas to a product mixture comprising at least one olefin;wherein the converting step comprises contacting the syngas with a Co/Mn catalyst;wherein waste water is produced prior to step d); andd) recovering the waste water; wherein some or all of the recovered waste water is added to the natural gas prior to being introduced.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises recovering carbon dioxide using an acid gas removal process.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein some of the recovered waste water is recycled as steam in step b).4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein some of the recovered waste water further comprises an alcohol or a hydrocarbon claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the alcohol or the hydrocarbon claim 4 , or a combination thereof is reformed in step b) with the natural gas.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises purifying the product mixture by a cryogenic separation process.7. The method according to claim 6 , wherein the purifying the product mixture comprises separating methane claim 6 , nitrogen claim 6 , hydrogen claim 6 , or carbon monoxide claim 6 , or a ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A SUBSTITUTE NATURAL GAS FROM SYNTHESIS GAS

A process for producing a substitute natural gas, the process comprising the steps of: 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the hydrogen gas is produced via the electrolysis of water.3. The process of or claim 1 , wherein at least some of the hydrogen gas is produced by the decomposition of ammonia.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the ammonia is generated using the Haber-Bosch process and/or solid state ammonia synthesis.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the ammonia is generated using the Haber-Bosch process claim 4 , and wherein the hydrogen for use in the Haber-Bosch process is generated via the electrolysis of water.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein oxygen generated by the electrolysis of water is reacted with a feedstock to produce synthesis gas for step (1).7. The process of any preceding claim claim 1 , wherein at least some of the hydrogen gas is obtained from pyrolysis and/or cracking of hydrocarbons claim 1 , preferably wherein the pyrolysis and/or cracking of hydrocarbons is part of a carbon black manufacturing method.8. The process of any preceding claim claim 1 , wherein at least some of the hydrogen gas is produced by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock.9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the hydrocarbon feedstock is methane.10. The process of or claim 8 , wherein at least some of the hydrogen gas is produced by a water gas shift reaction claim 8 , and wherein the water gas shift reaction is carried out on carbon monoxide produced by the steam reforming.11. The process of any of to claim 8 , wherein carbon dioxide produced in the water gas shift reaction is subjected to a Sabatier reaction to produce methane and water.12. The process of claim 11 , wherein at least some of the methane produced by the Sabatier reaction is recycled to be used as the hydrocarbon feedstock in the steam methane reforming step.13. The process of or claim 11 , wherein hydrogen for use in the Sabatier reaction is produced via the electrolysis of ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING GASOLINE

A system or method for producing gasoline from natural gas can be particularly useful in a location which is a natural gas-producing region, but in which it is difficult to obtain water suitable for use in steam reforming, for example, in a desert or at sea. A system for producing gasoline from natural gas via methanol according to the present invention includes: a steam reformer for steam-reforming natural gas to produce reformed gas; a methanol synthesis apparatus for synthesizing methanol from the reformed gas; and a gasoline synthesis apparatus for synthesizing gasoline from the methanol, water being produced in the gasoline synthesis apparatus is reused for the steam reforming in the steam reformer 14-. (canceled)5. A system for producing gasoline from natural gas via methanol , comprising:a steam reforming apparatus for steam reforming the natural gas by using water to produce reformed gas;a methanol synthesis apparatus for synthesizing methanol from the reformed gas produced by the steam reforming apparatus;a gasoline synthesis apparatus for producing gasoline and water from the methanol synthesized by the methanol synthesis apparatus;a line for feeding the water produced by the gasoline synthesis apparatus to the steam reforming apparatus to use the water for steam reforming of the natural gas;a carbon dioxide recovery apparatus for recovering carbon dioxide from a flue gas generated in the steam reforming apparatus; anda line for feeding the carbon dioxide recovered by the carbon dioxide recovery apparatus to the steam reforming apparatus.6. A method for producing gasoline from natural gas via methanol , comprising the steps of:steam reforming the natural gas by using water to produce reformed gas;synthesizing methanol from the reformed gas;producing gasoline and water from the methanol;reusing the water produced in the gasoline synthesis for the steam reforming of the natural gas;recovering carbon dioxide from a flue gas generated in the steam reforming of ...

Method for preparing synthetic fuel from natural gas of stranded gas field and associated gas from oil & gas fields by gtl-fpso process

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a synthetic fuel on a vessel above a stranded gas field or an oil & gas field by a GTL-FPSO process, more particularly to a method for preparing a synthetic fuel with superior economic feasibility, productivity and efficiency using a compact GTL (gas to liquid) apparatus that can be used for a stranded gas field or an oil & gas field and an FPSO (floating production, storage and offloading) process under a condition optimized for the ratio of carbon dioxide in the stranded gas field or the oil & gas field and an apparatus for the same.

Blends of Low Carbon And Conventional Fuels with Improved Performance Characteristics

The present invention provides a blended fuel and methods for producing the blended fuel, wherein a low carbon fuel derived from a renewable resource such as biomass, is blended with a traditional, petroleum derived fuel. A blended fuel which includes greater than 10% by volume of low carbon fuel has an overall improved lifecycle greenhouse gas content of about 5% or more compared to the petroleum derived fuel. Also, blending of the low carbon fuel to the traditional, petroleum fuel improves various engine performance characteristics of the traditional fuel. 1. A blended fuel comprising:(a) about 5% to about 90%, by volume, of a petroleum fuel; and(b) about 95% to about 10%, by volume, of a low carbon fuel produced from a renewable biomass feedstock, using a thermochemical or biochemical conversion process,wherein the low carbon fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least about 50% lower than a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the low carbon fuel has at least two performance characteristic values measurable by ASTM tests which are at least about 30% improved than corresponding performance characteristic values of the petroleum fuel; andwherein the blended fuel has a well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content which is at least 5% lower than the well-to-wheels greenhouse gas content of the petroleum fuel, and the blended fuel has at least two performance characteristic values measurable by ASTM tests which are at least about 5% improved than corresponding performance characteristic values of the petroleum fuel.2. Wherein the blended fuel of is produced by a process that involves converting a renewable biomass feedstock into a syngas; and reacting the syngas with a catalyst to produce the low carbon fuel.3. The blended fuel of claim 1 , wherein the performance characteristic values are any two of a cetane number claim 1 , a lubricity value claim 1 , a sulfur content claim 1 , and an oxidative stability value.4. The ...

Method and System for Performing Gasification of Carbonaceous Feedstock

The gasification of a carbonaceous material includes receiving a volume of feedstock, supplying thermal energy to the volume of feedstock to convert at least a portion of the volume of feedstock to at least one pyrolysis reaction product via at least one pyrolysis reaction, super-heating the at least one pyrolysis reaction product, providing a volume of super-heated steam, mixing the volume of super-heated steam with the super-heated at least one pyrolysis reaction product and converting at least a portion of at least one reformed product to at least one synthesis gas product via at least one water-gas-shift reaction.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A SUBSTITUTE NATURAL GAS

A process for producing a substitute natural gas, the process comprising the steps of providing a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; subjecting the synthesis gas to a water-gas-shift reaction to increase the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide thereby forming a hydrogen-enriched synthesis gas; subjecting the hydrogen-enriched synthesis gas to a methanation reaction to convert at least a portion of the gas into methane thereby forming a methane-enriched gas; and recovering from the methane-enriched gas a methane-containing gas having a Wobbe number of from 43 to 57 MJ/m. 1. A process for producing a substitute natural gas , the process comprising the steps of:providing a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide;subjecting the synthesis gas to a water-gas-shift reaction to increase the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide thereby forming a hydrogen-enriched synthesis gas;subjecting the hydrogen-enriched synthesis gas to a methanation reaction to convert at least a portion of the gas into methane thereby forming a methane-enriched gas; and{'sup': '3', 'recovering from the methane-enriched gas a methane-containing gas having a Wobbe number of from 43 to 57 MJ/m.'}2. (canceled)3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the methane-containing gas has a Wobbe number of from 45 to 55 MJ/M3.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the hydrogen-enriched synthesis gas is subjected to an alkane and/or alkene formation reaction to convert at least a portion of the gas into C2 and/or C3 and/or C4 alkanes/alkenes.5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide is increased to about 3:1 or higher.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure of the synthesis gas during the water-gas-shift reaction and/or the gas during the methanation reaction and/or the gas during the alkane/alkene formation reaction is from 1 to 8 bar.7. (canceled)8. The process according to claim 4 ...

Catalyst and process for the production of diesel fuel from natural gas, natural gas liquids, or other gaseous feedstocks

A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stochiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources. 3. A process for the production of a hydrocarbon mixture comprising; a pore diameter greater than 80 angstroms and;', 'a crush strength of greater than 3 lbs/mm and;', 'a BET surface area of greater than 110 m2/g;', 'a dispersion value between 2% and 10%,, 'reacting a feed gas that contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst having,'}producing a product stream comprising light gases, diesel fuel and a wax from reacting the feed gas with the supported catalyst.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is reduced with hydrogen at temperatures below 650 F.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel fraction produced is about ⅔ of the non-gas product produced.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the supported catalyst comprises a lobed support with more than four lobes and an effective pellet radius of less than 600 microns.7. The process of claim 4 , where all of the lobes are not equal lengths.8. The process of claim 4 , wherein the supported catalyst further comprises about 0.01 weight percent to about 2.0 weight percent of a promoter selected from the group consisting of cerium claim 4 , ruthenium claim 4 , lanthanum claim 4 , platinum claim 4 , rhenium. gold claim 4 , nickel claim 4 , or rhodium and a ...

PROCESS FOR USING BIOGENIC CARBON DIOXIDE DERIVED FROM NON-FOSSIL ORGANIC MATERIAL

The present disclosure provides a process for forming a biogenic carbon-based fuel or a fuel intermediate from biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen. At least a portion of the biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen is subjected to a reverse water gas shift reaction that produces at least carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide so produced, the biogenic carbon dioxide and the hydrogen are introduced, together or separately, to a biologic or chemical conversion process to produce the fuel or fuel intermediate. 1. A process for producing a fuel or fuel intermediate containing carbon derived from non-fossil organic material comprising:(i) providing biogenic carbon dioxide that is sourced from a production process comprising at least one of a step of fermentation and a thermal process, said production process producing a first product derived from the non-fossil organic material, said first product selected from: (a) an energy product; (b) a biogenic carbon-based product selected from a chemical product, a fuel and a fuel intermediate; and (c) a combination thereof, wherein the biogenic carbon dioxide is generated during the production process;(ii) providing a stream enriched in hydrogen that is sourced from a hydrogen production process, the hydrogen production process including a step of removing fossil carbon dioxide from a stream including hydrogen to provide the steam enriched in hydrogen;(iii) converting the biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen from the stream enriched in hydrogen to a second product, said second product comprising at least one of a biogenic carbon-based fuel and a biogenic carbon-based fuel intermediate; wherein the converting comprises subjecting at least a portion of the biogenic carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a reverse water gas shift reaction to produce carbon monoxide and water, and wherein the carbon monoxide so produced, biogenic carbon dioxide, and hydrogen are fed to a biologic or chemical conversion process to produce the second product; and( ...

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A process for producing high biogenic carbon content Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from municipal solid wastes that contain materials that are produced from plant derived carbon (biogenic) as well as non-biogenic derived carbon (fossil based) materials , the process comprising:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid wastes to produce a feedstock that is contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbons along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid wastes;b) in a power generation process, converting some or all of the high biogenic carbon content material into high biogenic power with reduced lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions and higher renewable energy credits; andc) in a bio-refinery, converting the processed feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids while maintaining the relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon and the relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon along with other non-carbonaceous materials from the municipal solid wastes.2. A process according to wherein the feedstock processing step includes at least two processing steps.3. A process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are (purposefully) removed from the municipal solid wastes.4. A process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim ...

REMOVAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES AND HEAVY METALS FROM AN EMISSION STREAM

The present disclosure relates to a flue gas treatment system (e.g. a multi-pollutant flue gas treatment system) for removal of greenhouse gases such as SO, NO, NO, HS, HCl, water and COas well as heavy metals (e.g. mercury, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, lead and/or selenium) from the flue gases of fossil-fueled utility and industrial plants by reacting the raw flue gas, firstly, with chlorine in a gas-phase oxidation reaction and recovering the resulting products as marketable products, and then, secondly, treating the cleaned gas, which includes CO, with a Sabatier reaction to produce a hydrocarbon fuel (e.g. methane). The system also includes an electrolytic unit for electrolyzing HCl to produce hydrogen gas for the Sabatier reaction as well as chlorine gas, which may then be recycled into the reactor. 1. A system comprising:{'sub': x', 'x, '(a) a gas phase oxidation (GPO) reactor configured to receive a flue gas stream comprising NOspecies and carbon dioxide gas, the GPO reactor further configured to receive chlorine gas, liquid or solution, and to oxidize the NOspecies in the flue gas stream to produce a gas stream comprising nitric acid and hydrochloric acid;'}(b) an electrolytic unit configured to receive the hydrochloric acid and configured to electrolyse the hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas and chlorine gas; and(c) a Sabatier reactor configured to receive both a gas stream, downstream from the GPO reactor, and at least a portion of the hydrogen gas from the electrolytic unit, the Sabatier reactor further configured to hydrogenate the carbon dioxide gas in the gas stream into a hydrocarbon fuel comprising methane.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the GPO reactor is configured to receive a chlorine gas stream.3. The system according to or claim 1 , further comprising a NOabsorber configured to receive a gas stream from (a) or downstream from (a) claim 1 , the NOabsorber further configured to oxidize and collect the NOspecies remaining in the ...

FISCHER-TROPSCH DERIVED GAS OIL FRACTION

The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 270° C. and a final boiling point of at most 305° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a functional fluid formulation comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 270° C. and a final boiling point of at most 305° C.

FISCHER-TROPSCH DERIVED GAS OIL FRACTION

The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 215° C. and a final boiling point of at most 250° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a functional fluid formulation comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 215° C. and a final boiling point of at most 250° C. 1. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 215° C. and a final boiling point of at most 250° C.2. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having an initial boiling point of at least 219° C.3. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a final boiling point of at least 246° C. and of at most 248° C.4. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a 10 vol. % boiling point from 211 to 229° C.5. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a density at 15° C. according to ASTM D4052 from 762 to 768 kg/m.6. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a kinematic viscosity at 25° C. according to ASTM D445 from 1.9 to 2.5 cSt.7. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a flash point according to ASTM D93 from 80 to 95° C.8. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a smoke point according to ASTM D1322 of more than 50 mm.9. Functional fluid formulation fraction comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , further comprising an additive compound.10. A diluent or base oil for solvent and/or functional fluid formulations claim 1 , said oil comprising Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to .11. (canceled) The present invention relates to a fractionated Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and a functional fluid formulation comprising the same.Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fractions may be obtained by various ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from a process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.4. The transportation fuel or fuel additive derived by the process according to wherein claim 1 , in the feedstock ...

FISCHER-TROPSCH DERIVED GAS OIL

The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil having an initial boiling point of at least 165° C. and a final boiling point of at most 360° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a functional fluid formulation comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil having an initial boiling point of at least 165° C. and a final boiling point of at most 360° C. 1. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil having an initial boiling point of at least 165° C. and a final boiling point of at most 360° C.2. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having an initial boiling point of at least 170° C.3. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a final boiling point from 333 to 351° C.4. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a 10 vol. % boiling point from 198 to 220° C. and a T90 vol. % boiling point from 319 to 333° C.5. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a density at 15° C. according to ASTM D4052 from 774 to 779 kg/m.6. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. according to ASTM D445 from 2.3 to 2.8 cSt.7. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a pour point according to ASTM D97 below −10° C.8. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a flash point according to ASTM D93 of at least 68° C.9. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , wherein the Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil has a smoke point according to ASTM D1322 of more than 50 mm.10. Functional fluid comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , further comprising an additive compound.11. A diluent or base oil for solvent and/or functional fluid formulations comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to .12. (canceled) The present invention relates to a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and a functional fluid formulation comprising the same.Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil may be ...

FISCHER-TROPSCH DERIVED GAS OIL FRACTION

The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 245° C. and a final boiling point of at most 275° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a functional fluid formulation comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 245° C. and a final boiling point of at most 275° C. 1. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 245° C. and a final boiling point of at most 275° C.2. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having an initial boiling point of at least 249° C.3. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a final boiling point of between 271° C. and 273° C.4. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a 10 vol. % boiling point from 242 to 260° C. and a T90 vol. % boiling point from 250 to 268° C.5. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a density at 15° C. according to ASTM D4052 from 772 to 778 kg/m.6. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a kinematic viscosity at 25° C. according to ASTM D445 from 2.9 to 3.5 cSt.7. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a flash point according to ASTM D93 from 105 to 115° C.8. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to . having a smoke point according to ASTM D1322 of more than 50 mm.9. Functional fluid formulation comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , further comprising an additive compound.10. A diluent or base oil for solvent and/or functional fluid formulations claim 1 , said oil comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction as defined according to .11. (canceled) The present invention relates to a fractionated Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and a functional fluid formulation comprising the same.Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil ...

FISCHER-TROPSCH DERIVED GAS OIL FRACTION

The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 165° C. and a final boiling point of at most 200° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a functional fluid formulation comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 165° C. and a final boiling point of at most 200° C. 1. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 165° C. and a final boiling point of at most 200° C.2. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having an initial boiling point of at least 169° C.3. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a final boiling point of between 196 and 198° C.4. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a 10 vol. % boiling point from 163 to 181° C.5. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a density at 15° C. according to ASTM D4052 from 742 to 748 kg/m.6. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a kinematic viscosity at 25° C. according to ASTM D445 from 1.0 to 1.6 cSt.7. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a flash point according to ASTM D93 from 45 to 55° C.8. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a smoke point according to ASTM D1322 of more than 50 mm.9. Functional fluid formulation fraction comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , further containing an additive compound.10. A diluent or base oil for solvent and/or functional fluid formulations claim 1 , said oil comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to .11. (canceled) The present invention relates to a fractionated Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and a functional fluid formulation comprising the same.Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fractions may be obtained by various processes. A ...

Processes for producing hydrocarbon products

The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.

Catalyst and process for the production of diesel fuel from natural gas, natural gas liquids, or other gaseous feedstocks

A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stochiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources. 3. A process for the production of a hydrocarbon mixture comprising: a pore diameter greater than 80 angstroms and;', 'a crush strength of greater than 3 lbs/mm and;', 'a BET surface area of greater than 110 m2/g;', 'a dispersion value between 2% and 10%,, 'reacting a feed gas that contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide with a catalyst having,'}producing a product stream comprising light gases, diesel fuel and a wax from reacting the feed gas with the supported catalyst.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is reduced with hydrogen at temperatures below 650 F.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the diesel fuel fraction produced is about ⅔ of the non-gas product produced.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the supported catalyst comprises a lobed support with more than four lobes and an effective pellet radius of less than 600 microns.7. The process of claim 4 , where all of the lobes are not equal lengths.8. The process of claim 4 , wherein the supported catalyst further comprises about 0.01 weight percent to about 2.0 weight percent of a promoter selected from the group consisting of cerium claim 4 , ruthenium claim 4 , lanthanum claim 4 , platinum claim 4 , rhenium claim 4 , gold claim 4 , nickel claim 4 , or rhodium ...

Fischer-tropsch derived gas oil

The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil having an initial boiling point of at least 165° C. and a final boiling point of at most 360° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a functional fluid formulation comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil having an initial boiling point of at least 165° C. and a final boiling point of at most 360° C.

FUEL GENERATION USING HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS METHODS

Methods of making fuel are described herein. A method may include providing a first working fluid, a second working fluid, and a third working fluid. The method may also include exposing the first working fluid to a first high voltage electric field to produce a first plasma, exposing the second working fluid to a second high voltage electric field to produce a second plasma, and exposing the third working fluid to a third high voltage electric field to produce a third plasma. The method may also include providing and contacting a carbon-based feedstock with the third plasma, the second plasma, and the first plasma within a processing chamber to form a mixture, cooling the mixture using a heat exchange device to form a cooled mixture, and contacting the cooled mixture with a catalyst to form a fuel. 1. A method of making fuel , the method comprising:providing a first working fluid;exposing the first working fluid to a first high voltage electric field to produce a first plasma;providing a second working fluid;exposing the second working fluid to a second high voltage electric field to produce a second plasma;providing a third working fluid;exposing the third working fluid to a third high voltage electric field to produce a third plasma;providing a carbon-based feedstock;contacting the carbon-based feedstock with the third plasma, the second plasma, and the first plasma within a processing chamber to form a mixture;cooling the mixture using a heat exchange device to form a cooled mixture; andcontacting the cooled mixture with a catalyst to form a fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transporting the mixture to a heat exchange device.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising collecting the fuel.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first working fluid is oxygen gas.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second working fluid is water vapor.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the third working fluid is carbon dioxide gas.7. The method of claim 1 , ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING LIQUID FUEL AND GENERATING POWER

A steam reformer generates reformed gas by a steam-reforming reaction of hydrocarbon gas such as natural gas. A methanol synthesis column and a gasoline synthesis column synthesize gasoline from the reformed gas via methanol and produce a liquid fuel. A superheater superheats a part of low-pressure steam that has been heat-recovered from the reformed gas with a part of middle-pressure steam that has been heat-recovered by the methanol synthesis column or the gasoline synthesis column, and the steam thereby brought into an unsaturated state is supplied to a low-pressure steam turbine. 1. A method for producing a liquid fuel from hydrocarbon gas and for generating power , the method comprising the steps of:reforming hydrocarbon gas to generate reformed gas by a steam-reforming reaction of the hydrocarbon gas;synthesizing gasoline, dimethyl ether, or a diesel fuel from the reformed gas via methanol;recovering heat from thermal energy of the reformed gas to obtain saturated steam having a temperature of at most 180° C. before using the reformed gas for the synthesis step;superheating the saturated steam by using a heat source having a temperature of at least 200° C. generated by the method to obtain superheated steam; andgenerating power by using the superheated steam.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein steam generated by an exothermic reaction in the synthesis step is used as the heat source for the superheating in the superheating step.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a part of the reformed gas obtained in the reforming step is used as the heat source for the superheating in the superheating step.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein flue gas generated in the reforming step is used as the heat source for the superheating in the superheating step.5. A system for producing a liquid fuel from hydrocarbon gas and for generating power claim 1 , the system comprising:a steam-reforming device for generating reformed gas by a steam-reforming ...

FISCHER-TROPSCH DERIVED GAS OIL FRACTION

The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 185° C. and a final boiling point of at most 225° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a functional fluid formulation comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 185° C. and a final boiling point of at most 225° C. 1. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 185° C. and a final boiling point of at most 225° C.2. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having an initial boiling point of at least 189° C.3. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a final boiling point of between 221° C. and 223° C.4. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a 10 vol.% boiling point from 183 to 201° C..5. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a density at 15° C. according to ASTM D4052 from 752 to 758 kg/m.6. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a kinematic viscosity at 25° C. according to ASTM D445 from 1.3 to 1.9 cSt.7. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a flash point according to ASTM D93 from 60 to 70° C.8. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , having a smoke point according to ASTM D1322 of more than 50 mm.9. Functional fluid formulation fraction comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to claim 1 , further comprising an additive compound.10. A diluent or base oil for solvent and/or functional fluid formulations claim 1 , said oil comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction according to .11. (canceled) The present invention relates to a fractionated Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and a functional fluid formulation comprising the same.Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fractions may be obtained by various processes. ...

FISCHER-TROPSCH DERIVED GAS OIL

The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil having an initial boiling point of at least 175° C. and a final boiling point of at most 360° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a functional fluid formulation comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil having an initial boiling point of at least 175° C. and a final boiling point of at most 360° C. 1. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil having an initial boiling point of at least 175° C. and a final boiling point of at most 360° C.2. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having an initial boiling point of at least 180° C.3. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a final boiling point from 333 to 351° C.4. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a 10 vol. % boiling point from 207 to 229° C. claim 1 , and a T90 vol. % boiling point from 320 to 335° C.5. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a density at 15° C. according to ASTM D4052 from 775 to 782 kg/m.6. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. according to ASTM D445 from 2.4 to 3.0 cSt.7. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a pour point according to ASTM D97 below −10° C.8. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a flash point according to ASTM D93 of at least 75° C.9. Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , having a smoke point according to ASTM D1322 of more than 50 mm.10. Functional fluid formulation comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to claim 1 , further containing an additive compound.11. A diluent or base oil for solvent and/or functional fluid formulations comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil according to .12. (canceled) The present invention relates to a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil and a functional fluid formulation comprising the same.Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil may be obtained by various ...

Fischer-tropsch derived gas oil fraction

The present invention provides a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 300° C. and a final boiling point of at most 365° C. In another aspect the present invention provides a functional fluid formulation comprising a Fischer-Tropsch derived gas oil fraction having an initial boiling point of at least 300° C. and a final boiling point of at most 365° C.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A HYDROCARBON FRACTION AND A HYDROCARBON FRACTION AND ITS USE

Provided is a method and apparatus for producing a hydrocarbon fraction. The hydrocarbon fraction is formed from biomass based synthesis gas, the synthesis gas is fed through at least two catalyst layer, the first catalyst layer includes Fe-based catalyst, the second catalyst layer includes Co-based catalyst, and the synthesis gas is treated by supplying the synthesis gas through the first and second catalyst layers in order to form a hydrocarbon composition including the hydrocarbon fraction. Further, provided is a hydrocarbon fraction and its use. 1. A method for producing a hydrocarbon fraction , whereinthe hydrocarbon fraction is formed from biomass based synthesis gas,the synthesis gas is fed through at least two catalyst layers,a first catalyst layer includes Fe-based catalyst,a second catalyst layer includes Co-based catalyst,the synthesis gas is treated by supplying the synthesis gas through the first and second catalyst layers forming a hydrocarbon composition including the hydrocarbon fraction, andreaction pressure is between 3 to 10 bar in the first catalyst layer and reaction pressure is between 3 to 10 bar in the second catalyst layer.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the first catalyst layer and the second catalyst layer have been arranged sequentially so that the synthesis gas is first fed through the first catalyst layer and then through the second catalyst layer.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the reaction pressure is between 4 to 8 bar.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature in the first catalyst layer is between 220 to 350° C.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature in the second catalyst layer is between 180 to 250° C.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein a temperature is independently controllable in both catalyst layers.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon fraction is separated from the hydrocarbon composition.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING RENEWABLE JET FUEL COMPOSITIONS

The present invention provides a process for producing jet fuel components from syngas. Syngas is converted to methanol and ethanol, and, optionally, higher alcohols. The methanol is separated from the ethanol and higher alcohols, and converted to Cparaffins and aromatics via a dimethyl ether intermediate. The dimethyl ether is reacted over a catalyst to form jet fuel range hydrocarbons and aromatics. The ethanol and higher alcohols are dehydrated to form olefins, which are then oligomerized and, optionally, hydrogenated and/or isomerized, to form products in the jet fuel range. All or part of the two separate product streams can be combined, to provide jet fuel components which include aromatics and paraffins, ideally isoparaffins, in the jet fuel range. The syngas is in one embodiment derived from biomass or another renewable carbon-containing feedstock, thereby providing a biorefining process for producing renewable jet fuel. 1. A process for producing jet fuel components , comprising:(a) generating or providing syngas;(b) converting the syngas using an alcohol-synthesis catalyst to a first stream comprising methanol, ethanol, and, optionally, higher alcohols;(c) separating the methanol from the ethanol and, optionally, higher alcohols,(d) converting at least some of the methanol to dimethyl ether,e) converting the dimethyl ether to one or more jet fuel range hydrocarbons and aromatics using a zeolite catalyst,f) dehydrating the ethanol and, optionally, higher alcohols to form ethylene and, optionally, higher olefins,g) oligomerizing the ethylene and, optionally, higher olefins to produce olefins in the jet fuel range,h) optionally hydrogenating and/or isomerizing the olefins in the jet fuel range to form paraffins in the jet fuel range, andi) combining one or more products from step c) with one or more of the products of step h).2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said syngas is derived from biomass.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the ethanol and optionally ...

FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS USING MICROCHANNEL TECHNOLOGY AND NOVEL CATALYST AND MICROCHANNEL REACTOR

The disclosed invention relates to a process for converting a reactant composition comprising Hand CO to a product comprising at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least about 5 carbon atoms, the process comprising: flowing the reactant composition through a microchannel reactor in contact with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst to convert the reactant composition to the product, the microchannel reactor comprising a plurality of process microchannels containing the catalyst; transferring heat from the process microchannels to a heat exchanger; and removing the product from the microchannel reactor; the process producing at least about 0.5 gram of aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least about 5 carbon atoms per gram of catalyst per hour; the selectivity to methane in the product being less than about 25%. The disclosed invention also relates to a supported catalyst comprising Co, and a microchannel reactor comprising at least one process microchannel and at least one adjacent heat exchange zone. 1. A process for converting a reactant composition comprising Hand CO to a product comprising at least one aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least about 5 carbon atoms , the process comprising:flowing the reactant composition through a microchannel reactor in contact with a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst to convert the reactant composition to the product, the catalyst comprising Co supported on a support, the microchannel reactor comprising a plurality of process microchannels containing the catalyst;transferring heat from the process microchannels to a heat exchanger; andremoving the product from the microchannel reactor;the process producing at least about 0.5 gram of aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least about 5 carbon atoms per gram of catalyst per hour;the selectivity to methane in the product being less than about 25%; andflowing a regenerating fluid through the process microchannels in contact with the catalyst.2. The process of wherein each process microchannel has an internal ...

A MULTICOMPONENT DIESEL COMPOSITION

The invention discloses novel diesel fuel compositions including a renewable diesel component, a fossil diesel component and an oxygenate component, as well as methods for manufacture and use of a combination of a renewable diesel component, and an oxygenate component for reducing particulate matter emissions. 113.-. (canceled)14. A fuel composition , comprising:a. a fossil diesel component; i. said oxygenate has a molar mass from 128 to 300 g/mol, and', [{'br': None, 'sub': 1', '2, 'R—O—R\u2003\u2003(formula 1),'}, {'sub': 1', '2', '1', '15, 'in which formula Rand Rare same or different and selected from C-Calkyl groups; and'}], 'ii. said oxygenate is of a structure], 'b. an oxygenate component in an amount from 10 vol-% to 40 vol-%, of a total fuel composition volume, whereinc. a renewable paraffinic diesel component in an amount from 10 vol-% to 30 vol-%, of the total fuel composition volume;wherein a sum amount of said oxygenate component and said renewable paraffinic diesel component is from 26 to 70 vol-%, of the total fuel composition volume.15. The composition according to claim 14 , wherein said oxygenate component is selected from symmetrical or asymmetrical straight chain monoethers claim 14 , having a molar mass from 150 to 300 g/mol.16. The composition according to claim 14 , wherein an amount of the oxygenate component is about 20 vol-% of the total fuel composition volume.17. The composition according to claim 14 , wherein said oxygenate component is selected from a group consisting of:di-n-nonyl ether, di-n-decyl ether, di-n-octyl ether, di-n-heptyl ether, di-n-pentyl ether, di-n-hexyl ether, ethyl-dodecyl ether, ethyl-undecyl ether, ethyl-decyl ether, ethyl-octyl ether, propyl-dodecyl ether, propyl-undecyl ether, propyl-decyl ether, propyl-nonyl ether, propyl-octyl ether, propyl-heptyl ether, butyl-dodecyl ether, butyl-undecyl ether, butyl-nonyl ether, butyl-heptyl ether, butyl-hexyl ether, pentyl-dodecyl ether, pentyl-undecyl ether, pentyl-nonyl ...

Processes for producing hydrocarbon products

The present invention relates to processes for producing industrial products such as hydrocarbon products from non-polar lipids in a vegetative plant part. Preferred industrial products include alkyl esters which may be blended with petroleum based fuels.

Method and system for producing a fuel from biogas

A method for providing a fuel includes removing hydrogen sulfide and/or carbon dioxide from biogas to provide partially purified biogas, which is filled in a mobile storage system. The partially purified biogas is transported to a centralized processing facility, in the mobile storage system, by truck, rail, or ship. At the centralized processing the partially purified biogas is further processed, either to produce a fuel that is renewable or has renewable content, or to produce renewable natural gas, which is used to produce the fuel that is renewable or has renewable content.

Carbon Neutral Fuel

A system () for producing carbon monoxide as a step in a process for the production of carbon neutral fuel includes heating apparatus () arranged to heat coal to produce coke and a limekiln (). The limekiln () has an inlet () for the introduction of limestone, a heater () for heating limestone contained therein and an outlet () for the release of carbon dioxide. A coke chamber () is operatively connected to the heating apparatus () to receive coke therefrom and is operatively connected to the limekiln outlet () to receive carbon dioxide therefrom. The coke chamber () is configured to react received coke with received carbon dioxide, thereby to produce carbon monoxide. 2. A heating system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a water gas shift reactor operatively connected to the coke chamber to receive carbon monoxide therefrom and having an inlet for the introduction of water claim 1 , wherein the water gas shift reactor is configured to react received carbon monoxide with introduced water claim 1 , thereby to produce hydrogen.3. A system as claimed in claim 2 , further comprising a Sabatier reaction chamber operably connected to the water gas shift reactor to receive carbon dioxide and hydrogen therefrom claim 2 , wherein the Sabatier reaction chamber is configured to react the carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce methane.4. A system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the heating apparatus includes a boiler for converting water to steam claim 1 , the boiler having an inlet for the introduction of water and an outlet for steam.5. A system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the heater of the limekiln is in communication with the boiler outlet so that steam from the boiler is supplied to the heater.6. A system as claimed in claim 4 , further comprising a turbine-driven generator set connected to the boiler and means to direct at least a portion of the steam from the boiler to the turbine of the generator set for the production of electricity.7. A system as claimed ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PERFORMING GASIFICATION OF CARBONACEOUS FEEDSTOCK

The gasification of a carbonaceous material includes receiving a volume of feedstock, supplying thermal energy to the volume of feedstock to convert at least a portion of the volume of feedstock to at least one pyrolysis reaction product via at least one pyrolysis reaction, super-heating the at least one pyrolysis reaction product, providing a volume of super-heated steam, mixing the volume of super-heated steam with the super-heated at least one pyrolysis reaction product and converting at least a portion of at least one reformed product to at least one synthesis gas product via at least one water-gas-shift reaction. 1. A method comprising:receiving a volume of feedstock;supplying thermal energy to the volume of feedstock to convert at least a portion of the volume of feedstock to at least one pyrolysis reaction product via at least one pyrolysis reaction;super-heating the at least one pyrolysis reaction product;providing a volume of super-heated steam;mixing the volume of super-heated steam with the super-heated at least one pyrolysis reaction product;converting at least a portion of at least one reformed product to at least one synthesis gas product via at least one water-gas-shift reaction;compressing the at least one synthesis gas product in at least one compression phase;converting at least a portion of the compressed at least one synthesis gas product to a volume of methanol; andconverting at least a portion of the volume of methanol to a volume of gasoline.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiving a volume of feedstock includes:receiving a volume of coal.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the supplying thermal energy to the volume of feedstock to convert at least a portion of the volume of feedstock to at least one pyrolysis reaction product via at least one pyrolysis reaction includes:supplying thermal energy to the volume of feedstock to convert at least a portion of the volume of feedstock to at least one pyrolysis reaction product including at ...

FUEL SYNTHESIS CATALYST AND FUEL SYNTHESIS SYSTEM

A fuel synthesis catalyst of an embodiment for hydrogenating a gas includes at least one selected from the group consisting of; carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, the catalyst comprising, an oxide base material containing at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of; AlO, MgO, TiO, and SiO, first metal particles containing at least one metal selected from the group consisting of; Ni, Co, Fe, and Cu and brought into contact with the oxide base material, and a porous oxide layer containing at least one selected from the group consisting of; CeO, ZrO, TiO, and SiOand having an interface with each of the first metal particles and the oxide base material.

FEEDSTOCK PROCESSING SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS AND TRANSPORTATION FUELS

A method for processing feedstock is described, characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock. In some embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW). In other embodiments the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass. In some instances, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids. The high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids may be upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels. Alternatively, the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover plastic material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% or less. 1. A method for processing feedstock , characterized in that incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is comprised of mixed solid waste.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in the incoming feedstock is comprised of woody biomass.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the mixed solid waste is municipal solid waste (MSW).5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the mixed solid waste is comprised of wet organic waste claim 2 , dry organic waste and inorganic waste that is comingled.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming feedstock is processed to selectively recover biogenic carbon material from the incoming feedstock to produce a processed feedstock having biogenic carbon content of 50% and greater suitable for conversion into biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high biogenic carbon Fischer Tropsch liquids are upgraded to biogenic carbon liquid fuels.8. The method of claim 5 ...

Method and Apparatus for Generating a Methane-Containing Substitute Natural Gas and Related Energy Supply System

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for generating a methane-containing substitute natural gas from a carbon oxide-containing input gas and also to an energy supply system equipped with such an apparatus. According to the invention, the input gas is subjected to a methanation reaction where a superstoichiometric hydrogen fraction is established in the reactant gas. The product gas of the methanation reaction is divided by gas separation into a methane-containing retentate gas, which yields the substitute natural gas, and a hydrogen-containing permeate gas. At least some of the permeate gas is returned to the input gas and admixed therein to form the reactant gas for the methanation reaction. The invention may be used, for example, for renewable energy supply systems with biomass valorization. 110-. (canceled)11. A method for generating a methane-containing substitute natural gas from a carbon oxide-containing input gas , comprisingsubjecting the input gas to a methanation reaction and dividing a product gas obtained therefrom by gas separation into a methane-containing retentate gas, which yields the substitute natural gas, and a hydrogen-containing permeate gas,and returning at least some of the permeate gas to the input gas and admixing therein to form a corresponding reactant gas for the methanation reaction,wherein a superstoichiometric hydrogen fraction is established in the reactant gas for the methanation reaction.12. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein a stoichiometry factor of the reactant gas claim 11 , which is defined as the ratio of the difference in the proportions of hydrogen and of carbon dioxide to the sum total of the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide proportions claim 11 , is maintained in the range above three and not more than fifteen.13. The method as claimed in claim 11 , wherein one or more of the following parameters are measured and used to adjust at least one of an amount of supplied input gas and an amount of ...

Catalyst and process for the production of diesel fuel from natural gas, natural gas liquids, or other gaseous feedstock

A unique process and catalyst is described that operates efficiently for the direct production of a high cetane diesel type fuel or diesel type blending stock from stochiometric mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This invention allows for, but is not limited to, the economical and efficient production high quality diesel type fuels from small or distributed fuel production plants that have an annual production capacity of less than 10,000 barrels of product per day, by eliminating traditional wax upgrading processes. This catalytic process is ideal for distributed diesel fuel production plants such as gas to liquids production and other applications that require optimized economics based on supporting distributed feedstock resources. 1. A process for the production of a hydrocarbon mixture comprising the steps of:a) reducing a catalyst in-situ in a fixed bed reactor;b) reacting a feed gas that contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide with the catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon product stream, wherein the hydrocarbon product stream comprises light gases, a diesel fuel and a waxwherein the diesel fuel fraction is produced without requiring the hydroprocessing of wax.2. A process for the production of a hydrocarbon mixture comprising:a) reducing a catalyst in-situ in a fixed bed reactor;b) reacting a feed gas that contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide with the catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises active metal distributed on a support, and wherein the dispersion of the distributed metal is between about 2 percent and 10 percent{'sub': 8', '24, 'thereby producing a hydrocarbon product stream comprising light gases, diesel fuel and a wax, wherein the majority of hydrocarbons in the diesel fuel are C-Chydrocarbons.'}3. A process for the production of a hydrocarbon mixture comprising; a pore diameter greater than 80 angstroms and;', 'a crush strength of greater than 3 lbs/mm and;', 'a BET surface area of greater than 110 m2/g;', 'a dispersion value between 2% and 10 ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials, the process comprising the steps of: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/921,536 filed Jul. 6, 2020, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/458,928 filed Jul. 1, 2019, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC CONCENTRATION FISCHER-TROPSCH LIQUIDS DERIVED FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) FEEDSTOCKS now U.S. Pat. No. 10,704,002, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/682,368 filed Aug. 21, 2017, entitled PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH BIOGENIC ...

Industrial Production Plant Having Minimal Emission of Greenhouse Gases, in Particular Emission of Carbon Dioxide, and Method for the Operation Thereof

The invention relates to an industrial production plant ( 1 ), which comprises a first production plant ( 2 ), which produces a CO 2 -poor and H 2 -rich exhaust gas from a carbon-containing feed material and which has an associated first exhaust-gas cleaning device ( 3 ) and an associated second exhaust-gas cleaning device ( 14 ). The problem addressed by the invention is that of creating a solution by means of which a carbon capture and utilization method can be effectively and efficiently performed. This problem is solved in that the industrial production plant ( 1 ) also comprises a gas-processing plant ( 4 ), which divides the exhaust gas into a carbon-containing, at least substantially H 2 -free partial gas flow ( 6 ) and a carbon-free, H 2 -rich partial gas flow ( 7 ); comprises an apparatus ( 19 ) for producing a CO 2 -rich gas flow, to which apparatus at least a part of a CO 2 -containing exhaust-gas flow ( 17 ) arising in a firing apparatus ( 11 ) can be fed after flowing through the second exhaust-gas cleaning device ( 14 ); and comprises a water electrolysis plant ( 24 ), which produces hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen ( 02 ), and a second production plant ( 20 ), which produces methanol and/or secondary methanol products and which has a CO 2 line connection ( 21 ) to the apparatus ( 19 ) on one side and an H 2 line connection ( 23 ) to the gas-processing plant ( 4 ) and the water electrolysis plant ( 24 ) on the other side.

INTEGRATED SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE FLEXIBLE USE OF ELECTRICITY

The present invention relates to an integrated plant which comprises a plant for the electrothermic production of ethyne and a separating device for separating ethyne from the reaction mixture of the electrothermic production of ethyne while obtaining at least one stream of gas containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons, the integrated plant having a device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network, to which device a stream of gas containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons is fed from the separating device via at least one conduit. This integrated plant affords flexible use of electricity by a method in which a stream of gas, containing hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons, is fed into a natural gas network from the separating device and the amount and/or the composition of the stream of gas fed into the natural gas network is changed in dependence on the electricity supply. 125.-. (canceled)26. An integrated plant , comprising a plant for the electrothermic production of ethyne and a separating device for separating ethyne from the reaction mixture of the electrothermic production of ethyne while obtaining at least one stream of gas containing hydrogen , hydrocarbons or both , wherein the integrated plant has a device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network , to which device said stream of gas containing hydrogen , hydrocarbons or both is fed from said separating device via at least one conduit.27. The integrated plant of claim 26 , wherein said device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network comprises at least one reservoir for hydrogen.28. The integrated plant of claim 26 , wherein said device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network comprises at least one reservoir for a hydrocarbon-containing gas.29. The integrated plant of claim 26 , wherein said device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network comprises a device for mixing gases.30. The integrated plant of claim 26 , wherein said device for introducing a gas into a natural gas network ...

PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF HYDROCARBONS

Process for the preparation of higher hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range from methane containing feed gas comprising the steps of a) mixing the feed gas with a hydrogenated tail gas and autothermal reforming the mixed feed gas to a methanol synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide; b) converting the methanol synthesis gas to a methanol and dimethyl ether containing effluent in presence of one or more catalysts active in the conversion of hydrogen and carbon oxides to methanol and dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether; c) converting the methanol and dimethyl ether containing effluent as prepared in step (b) to a raw product containing hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range, water, unconverted methanol synthesis gas and carbon dioxide formed during the conversion of the methanol synthesis gas; d) cooling and separating the raw product into a water fraction, a higher hydrocarbon fraction boiling in the gasoline range and into a tail gas with the unconverted methanol synthesis gas and the carbon dioxide; e) hydrogenating a part of the tail gas as obtained in step d) to provide the hydrogenated tail gas; and f) recycling the hydrogenated tail gas to step (a). 1. Process for the preparation of higher hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range from methane containing feed gas comprising the steps ofa) mixing the feed gas with a hydrogenated tail gas and autothermal reforming the mixed feed gas to a methanol synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide;b) converting the methanol synthesis gas to a methanol and dimethyl ether containing effluent in presence of one or more catalysts active in the conversion of hydrogen and carbon oxides to methanol and dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether;c) converting the methanol and dimethyl ether containing effluent as prepared in step (b) to a raw product containing hydrocarbons boiling in the gasoline range, water, unconverted methanol synthesis gas and carbon ...

Method for producing synthesis natural gas using straw gas

A method for producing synthesis natural gas using a straw gas, includes the steps of: pressurizing and heating a conventional straw gas, conveying the straw gas to a converter containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to react therewith in the presence of nickel-based catalyst, so as to result in conversion gas mixture with main components of methane, carbon dioxide, water and impurity; and cooling, gas-liquid separating and purifying to obtain a synthesis natural gas with methane content of over 90%. The synthesis natural gas obtained according to the method of present invention has high energy utilization efficiency, and can not only be used for civilian by a conventional natural gas infrastructure, but also serve as an energy supply for a combustion engine or a small gas turbine. 1. A method for producing a synthesis natural gas using a straw gas , comprising the steps of:(a) pressurizing, wherein the straw gas is conveyed to a compressor and pressurized to 1.0˜2.0 Mpa;(b) heating, wherein the straw gas pressurized in step (a) is conveyed to a pre-heater and heated to 300˜320° C.;(c) synthesizing methane, wherein the straw gas obtained in step (b) is conveyed to a converter containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen to react therewith in the presence of nickel-based catalyst, so as to result in conversion gas mixture with main components of methane, carbon dioxide, water and impurities;(d) cooling, wherein the converted gases mixture resulted in steps (c) is conveyed to a condenser for cooling to 20˜40 ° C., so as to result in cooled conversion gas mixture;(e) gas-liquid separating, wherein the cooled conversion gas mixture resulted in the step (d) is conveyed to a gas-liquid separator, so as to result in gas-liquid separated gases mixture; and(f) purifying, wherein the gas-liquid separated gases mixture processed by the gas-liquid separator in the step (e) is conveyed to an adsorption purifier for removing carbon dioxide, water, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide and ...

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING DRY SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS (SNG)

A process for producing dry synthetic natural gas (SNG, Synthetic Natural Gas) from solid or liquid, carbonaceous fuel, substantially consisting of the following process steps: 1. A process for the production of dry synthetic natural gas from solid or liquid , carbonaceous fuel , comprising the following process steps carried out one after the other:a) gasifying the fuel to a raw synthesis gas substantially consisting of carbon monoxide and dioxide, methane and hydrogen,b) cooling of the gas, separating solids and a gas condensate,c) converting raw gas,d) separating hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and steam from the raw synthesis gas by washing with methanol as solvent, wherein the methanol is circulated via a regenerating means for separating hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and water from the methanol, wherein the regenerating means also comprises a methanol-water separation column,e) catalytically supported converting the carbon monoxide and dioxide contained in the gas and of hydrogen to synthetic natural gas, substantially consisting of methane and steam,f) predrying of the gas by condensation of moisture by means of cooling and/or cold water,g) adding methanol to the gas,h) separating steam from the gas by cooling the gas and condensing out the steam by forming a water-methanol mixture, andi) separating the water-methanol mixture from the gas, heating the gas to the desired discharge temperature, and hence obtaining a dried synthetic natural gas.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the water-methanol mixture separated in step i) is introduced into the regenerating means of step d) and treated in the methanol-water separation column. This invention relates to a process for producing dry synthetic natural gas (SNG, Synthetic Natural Gas) from solid or liquid, carbonaceous fuel.Such processes are known. In essence, they consist of the following process steps:As solid carbonaceous fuel lignite or hard coal, as liquid fuel heavy oil or tar frequently is ...

PROCESS AND PLANT FOR SUBSTITUTE NATURAL GAS

A methanation section for producing substitute natural gas (SNG) by reacting a fresh syngas, the methanation section comprising adiabatic reactors connected in series, with heat removal and reacted gas-recirculation, wherein the fresh syngas is fed in parallel to said adiabatic reactors. In a preferred embodiment the reacted gas is recirculated to the first reactor and further dilution of the fresh gas at the inlet of the first and second reactor is achieved by steam addition. 1. A methanation section for converting a syngas containing carbon oxides and hydrogen into substitute natural gas SNG , said methanation section comprising:a first adiabatic reactor, and a plurality of further adiabatic reactors, said reactors adapted to carry out a methanation reaction for producing SNG from a fresh syngas feedstock, said reactors connected in series such that each of said further reactors is fed with a gas stream taken from the previous reactor;a fresh syngas feeding line arranged to feed in steady state operation said fresh syngas feedstock in parallel to said first and further adiabatic reactors, each reactor receiving a predetermined portion of the fresh syngas feedstock; anda re-circulation loop receiving in steady state operation a portion of reacted gas taken from the first adiabatic reactor and mixing said portion of reacted gas with a fresh syngas feeding portion of the first adiabatic reactor, wherein said gas recirculation loop involved said first adiabatic reactor only.2. The methanation section according to claim 1 , further comprising steam addition lines to further dilute the gas entering the first adiabatic reactor and a second further adiabatic reactor of the methanation section.3. The methanation section according to claim 1 , comprising four reactors claim 1 , said first adiabatic reactor and three of said further adiabatic reactors claim 1 , wherein the fresh syngas feedstock is split 25% to the first reactor claim 1 , 20% to the second reactor claim 1 , ...

PROCESS FOR ENRICHMENT OF THE CO2 CONCENTRATION IN THE CO2-STREAMS FROM THE POST-COMBUSTION AND PRE-COMBUSTION STATIONARY SOURCES OF CO2 EMISSION UPSTREAM OF FURTHER PROCESSING

The present process invention in continuation to the U.S. Ser. No. 14/392,066 appertains to Advanced Combustion in post-combustion carbon capture, wherein the CO-containing flue gas, said CO2-Stream, is cleaned from harmful constituents, recirculated, oxygenized and employed for combustion for the fossil fuels, referred to Flue Gas Oxy-Fueling in order to obtain a CO-rich gas upstream to CO2-CC with significantly less gas flow rate subject to further processing. This continuation process patent also presents processing to prepare a CO-rich CO2-Stream for the pre-combustion carbon capture downstream of gasification and gas cleaning process; or from the secondary CO2-Stream that stems from the cathodic syngas [CO/2H] downstream of HPLTE-SG of patent parent, then downstream of the HP/IP-water shift converters in [CO/3H] composition, whereas the CO-rich CO2-Stream from either pre-combustion process is routed to the CO2-CC for COcooling and condensation section of the U.S. Ser. No. 14/392,066 to obtain liquid carbon dioxide for re-use as new fossil energy resource. 611234681120. The process for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture and re-use of that captured liquid carbon dioxide to syngas and oxygen out of a CO-lean CO2-Stream (i.e. in this case the flue gas of a fossil fueled power plant) according to the claims of , , , , , , and , wherein the CO2-Stream of present process invention is further characterized by the enhancement in COconcentration through the recirculation of a portion of the CO-rich CO2-Stream back to the combustion section and/or the HRSG section of the plant at one side , while the other portion of that said CO2-Stream is discharged to further processing for COcondensation from that CO-rich CO2-Stream in the CO2-CC section , whereas the circulated CO2-Stream and respectively it's discharge portion upstream of the CO2-CC section reaches a COconcentration between 60% to 95% by volume with the remaining portion of that said CO02-stream consisting ...

Enhancement of Fischer-Tropsch Process for Hydrocarbon Fuel Formulation

An enhanced Fischer-Tropsch process for the synthesis of sulfur free, clean burning, green hydrocarbon fuels, examples of which include syndiesel and aviation fuel. Naphtha is destroyed in a hydrogen generator and recycled as feedstock to a syngas (FT) reactor in order to enhance the production of syndiesel from the reactor. A further variation integrates a second hydrogen generator capturing light hydrocarbon gas for conversion to hydrogen and carbon monoxide which supplements the Fischer-Tropsch reactor, The result is a considerable increase in the volume of syndiesel formulated. A system for effecting the process is also characterized in the specification.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A FUEL AND BYPRODUCT FROM BIOMASS OR BIOMASS DERIVED MATERIAL

The present invention provides a process for producing a fuel and a byproduct from biomass or biomass derived material. The invention comprises providing a processed biomass feedstock and carrying out or causing one or more parties to subject the processed biomass feedstock to gasification to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen and cresylic acid and recovering the cresylic acid or a portion thereof. The processed biomass feedstock may be co-gasified with coal. The hydrogen from the gasification may be recovered or the carbon monoxide and hydrogen may be further reacted to produce a fuel or fuel intermediate. One or more products obtained from the process are provided, for use as, or to produce a transportation or heating fuel. The invention may allow for advantaged fuel credit generation. 1. A process for producing a fuel and a byproduct from biomass or biomass derived material , said process comprising the steps of:(i) providing a processed biomass feedstock for use in gasification; (a) subjecting the processed biomass feedstock to gasification to produce a product comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen and cresylic acid, wherein the processed biomass feedstock is co-gasified with coal;', '(b) recovering the cresylic acid or a portion thereof;', '(c) recovering the hydrogen produced or derived from step (ii)(a) or further reacting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to produce a fuel or fuel intermediate;', '(d) providing one or more products obtained from step ii(c), for use as, or to produce a transportation or heating fuel; and', '(e) generating or causing generation of a renewable fuel credit., '(ii) carrying out or causing one or more parties to carry out a gasification process comprising2. A process for producing a fuel and a byproduct from biomass or biomass derived material comprising the steps of:(i) providing a processed biomass feedstock resulting from at least one extractive releasing processing step; (a) subjecting the processed biomass feedstock to ...

CATALYSTS AND METHODS FOR CONVERTING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS TO FUELS

This disclosure relates to catalysts and processes designed to convert DME and/or methanol and hydrogen (H) to desirable liquid fuels. These catalysts produce the fuels efficiently and with a high selectivity and yield, and reduce the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons by incorporating Hinto the products. This disclosure also describes process methods to further upgrade these fuels to higher molecular weight liquid fuel mixtures, which have physical properties comparable with current commercially used liquid fuels. 114-. (canceled)15. A method comprising:{'sub': '2', 'contacting at least one of dimethyl ether (DME) or methanol with hydrogen (H) and a solid catalyst to produce a mixture comprising at least one of 2,2,3-trimethylbutane or 2,3,3-trimethyl-1-butene, wherein the solid catalyst comprisesa beta zeolite;metallic copper deposited on a surface of the beta zeolite;a total acid content between about 1900 μmol/g and about 2100 μmol/g; anda ratio of Brønsted acid sites to Lewis acid sites between about 0.5 and about 2.5.16. (canceled)17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:contacting at least a portion of the mixture with an acid catalyst comprising styrenic-divinyl benzene having sulfonic groups, wherein:the contacting of the at least a portion of the mixture couples a first fraction of the mixture with a second fraction of the mixture to produce a second mixture.1821-. (canceled)22. The method of claim 17 , wherein the second mixture comprises at least one of 2 claim 17 ,2 claim 17 ,3 claim 17 ,5 claim 17 ,5 claim 17 ,6 claim 17 ,6-heptamethyl-3-heptene claim 17 , 2 claim 17 ,2 claim 17 ,4 claim 17 ,6 claim 17 ,6-pentamethyl-3-heptene claim 17 , 2 claim 17 ,2 claim 17 ,3 claim 17 ,5 claim 17 ,6-pentamethyl-3-heptene claim 17 , 2 claim 17 ,3 claim 17 ,5 claim 17 ,5 claim 17 ,6-pentamethyl-3-heptene claim 17 , 2 claim 17 ,2-dimethyl-3-octene claim 17 , or 2 claim 17 ,2 claim 17 ,4 claim 17 ,6 claim 17 ,6 claim 17 ,8 claim 17 ,8-heptamethyl-4-nonene.23. ...

INTEGRATED GAS-TO-LIQUIDS CONDENSATE PROCESS

Provided is a process to prepare middle distillates products. The process includes providing and separating a feed stream into a natural gas feed stream and a condensate feed stream; preparing a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen from the natural gas stream; preparing a paraffin product stream by performing a Fischer-Tropsch reaction using carbon monoxide and hydrogen; separating the paraffin product stream to obtain heavy Fischer-Tropsch and light Fischer-Tropsch product streams; separating the light Fischer-Tropsch product to obtain first, second, and third paraffinic product fractions; subjecting the heavy Fischer-Tropsch product stream to a hydrocracking/hydroisomerization step to obtain an isomerised Fischer-Tropsch product stream; hydrotreating the condensate feed stream and the first product fraction to obtain a hydrotreated product stream; combining the isomerised Fischer-Tropsch product stream with the hydrotreated product stream to provide a distillate feed stream; and performing a distillation step on the distillate feed stream to isolate middle distillate products. 2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the middle distillate products comprise a middle distillate kerosene and/or a middle distillate gas oil or diesel oil component.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein all steps (a)-(i) occur at a single location.4. The process of wherein the Fischer-Tropsch reaction comprises a low temperature Fischer-Tropsch (LTFT) reaction.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the LTFT reaction occurs at a temperature of least 150° C. and at most 250° C.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein LTFT reaction comprises a cobalt based catalyst.7. The process of claim 4 , wherein the LTFT reaction comprises a fixed bed reactor.8. The process of wherein the first paraffinic product fraction having hydrocarbons in the range from C5 to C8 is diverted to the hydrotreating step either directly or following prior combination with the condensate feed stream claim 1 , prior to the ...

Fracking with co2 for shale gas reforming to methanol

A method of producing methanol from shale gas and CO 2 by the exclusive dry CO 2 fracking of shale rock by injection of gaseous CO 2 at a pressure between 10 and 100 atm to extract shale gas and recover it together with used CO 2 ; combining and admixing produced shale gas containing CO 2 and steam to produce a mixture of methane:carbon dioxide:water having a molar ratio of 3:1:2 for conducting the bi-reforming reaction to form a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide having a molar ratio of 2:1 to 2.1:1; and converting the hydrogen and carbon monoxide under conditions sufficient to exclusively form methanol.

PORTABLE FUEL SYNTHESIZER

A portable fuel synthesizer, comprising a portable housing, an electrical power source utilizing the hydrocarbon gas as fuel and connected to the portable housing, a boiler utilizing the hydrocarbon gas as fuel and connected to the portable housing, a reactor connected to the boiler to react the hydrocarbon gas to the hydrocarbon liquid, the reactor connected to the portable housing, at least one temperature sensor connected to the reactor to sense at least one temperature of the reaction, at least one pressure sensor connected to the reactor to sense at least one pressure of the reaction and a control system controlling the at least one of at least one temperature of the reaction and the at least one pressure of the reaction, the control system connected to the portable housing. 1. A system , comprising:a portable housing;an electrical power source utilizing a hydrocarbon gas as fuel and connected to said portable housing;a boiler utilizing said hydrocarbon gas as fuel and connected to said portable housing;a reactor connected to said boiler to react said hydrocarbon gas to a hydrocarbon liquid, said reactor connected to said portable housing;at least one temperature sensor connected to said reactor to sense at least one temperature of said reaction;at least one pressure sensor connected to said reactor to sense at least one pressure of said reaction; anda control system controlling at least one of said at least one temperature of said reaction and said at least one pressure of said reaction, said control system connected to said portable housing.2. The system of wherein said portable housing is at least one of a shipping container and a semi-tractor trailer.3. The system of further comprising a water cleaning system connected to said boiler and connected to said portable housing.4. The system of further comprising a syngas reformer connected to said reactor and connected to said portable housing.5. The system of further comprising a hydrocarbon gas scrubber ...

RECYCLING AND REINVESTMENT OF CARBON FROM AGRICULTURAL PROCESSES FOR RENEWABLE FUEL AND MATERIALS USING THERMOCHEMICAL REGENERATION

Techniques, systems, apparatus and material are disclosed for regeneration or recycling of carbon substances into renewable fuel and materials. In one aspect, a method of recycling carbon to produce a renewable fuel can include harvesting carbon donors, such as carbon dioxide (CO), emitted from an agricultural process. Hydrogen donors, such as from biomass waste, can be dissociated under an anaerobic reaction to produce hydrogen. The harvested carbon dioxide can be reacted with the waste-produced hydrogen under pressure and temperature to generate a renewable fuel, such as methanol fuel. 1. A method of recycling carbon to produce a renewable fuel , the method comprising;harvesting carbon dioxide emitted from an industrial process;dissociating biomass waste under an anaerobic reaction to produce hydrogen; andreacting the harvested carbon dioxide with the biomass waste produced hydrogen under pressure and heat to generate a renewable fuel.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the renewable fuel comprises at least one of alcohol and ether.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the alcohol comprises at least one of methanol and ethanol; andthe ether comprises dimethyl ether (DME).4. The method of claim 3 , comprising converting the DME to generate a polymer precursor to a durable good.5. The method a claim 1 , comprising adding a catalyst to enhance production of the renewable fuel.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the catalyst comprises at least one of copper-zinc-oxide claim 5 , deposited sinter mixture of copper claim 5 , and copper-zinc oxide.7. The method of claim 1 , comprising harvesting waste heat rejected from an engine to provide heat used in the reaction.8. The method of claim 1 , comprising generating heat from a renewable energy source comprising at least one of wind energy claim 1 , solar energy claim 1 , running water and geothermal.9. The method of claim 1 , comprising controlling the heat and pressure to generate a select type of the renewable fuel.10. The ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:in a power generation process, converting some or all of the biogenic carbon material into biogenic carbon derived power.4. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.5. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step ...

Method or system for recovering carbon dioxide

A method or system for recovering carbon dioxide is provided with which in a plant for synthesizing methanol from a hydrocarbon gas or synthesizing gasoline therefrom via methanol, the waste heat of a low-temperature reformed gas, which has conventionally been discarded and is difficult to reutilize, can be effectively utilized. In the system for synthesizing methanol or gasoline from a hydrocarbon gas and for recovering carbon dioxide, a reformed gas is produced by steam reforming of the hydrocarbon gas. Since a combustion discharge gas generates when a fuel gas is burned in order to obtain a heat source for the steam reforming, carbon dioxide is recovered from the combustion discharge gas in an absorption tower ( 40 ) using an absorption liquid. In a regeneration tower ( 10 ), the reformed gas is used first as a heat source for a first reboiler ( 20 A) located at the tower bottom, and the reformed gas having a lowered temperature is then used as a heat source for a second reboiler ( 20 B) located in a middle position to heat the absorption liquid in stages, thereby regenerating the absorption liquid.

CATALYSTS AND METHODS FOR CONVERTING CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS TO FUELS

This disclosure relates to catalysts and processes designed to convert DME and/or methanol and hydrogen (H) to desirable liquid fuels. These catalysts produce the fuels efficiently and with a high selectivity and yield, and reduce the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons by incorporating Hinto the products. This disclosure also describes process methods to further upgrade these fuels to higher molecular weight liquid fuel mixtures, which have physical properties comparable with current commercially used liquid fuels. 1. A catalyst comprising:an aluminosilicate crystal structure; anda first active metal deposited on a surface of the crystal structure, wherein:the catalyst has a content of total acid sites ranging from about 1000 μmol/g to about 2500 μmol/g and a ratio of Brønsted acid sites to Lewis acid sites ranging from about 0.1 to about 30.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the content of total acid sites ranges from about 1900 μmol/g to about 2100 μmol/g.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of Brønsted acid sites to Lewis acid sites ranges from about 0.5 to about 2.5.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the crystal structure comprises a zeolite with a 10-membered ring or larger pore.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the crystal structure comprises a zeolite with a 12-membered ring pore.6. The catalyst of claim 4 , wherein the zeolite has a silicon to aluminum ratio ranging from about 100:1 to about 5:1.7. The catalyst of claim 6 , wherein the silicon to aluminum ratio ranges from about 10:1 to about 5:1.8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the aluminosilicate comprises a hydrogen form of a beta-type zeolite.9. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first active metal comprises at least one of copper claim 1 , zinc claim 1 , iron claim 1 , gallium claim 1 , lanthanum claim 1 , or platinum.10. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first active metal is present at a weight percent ranging from about 0.1% to about 10%.11. The catalyst of claim 1 , ...

FUEL SYNTHESIS FROM AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

A method of synthesizing fuel from an aqueous solution includes pumping the aqueous solution, containing dissolved inorganic carbon, from a body of water into a carbon extraction unit. The method further includes extracting the dissolved inorganic carbon from the aqueous solution to create COby changing a pH of the aqueous solution in the carbon extraction unit. The COderived in the carbon extraction unit is received by a fuel synthesis unit, and the COis converted into fuel including at least one of a hydrocarbon, an ether, or an alcohol using the fuel synthesis unit. 1. A method of synthesizing fuel from an aqueous solution , comprising:pumping the aqueous solution containing dissolved inorganic carbon from a body of water into a carbon extraction unit;{'sub': '2', 'extracting the dissolved inorganic carbon from the aqueous solution to create COby changing a pH of the aqueous solution in the carbon extraction unit;'}{'sub': '2', 'receiving the COfrom the carbon extraction unit with a fuel synthesis unit; and'}{'sub': '2', 'converting the COinto the fuel including at least one of a hydrocarbon, an alcohol, or an ether using the fuel synthesis unit.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein converting the COinto the fuel includes reacting the COwith hydrogen to produce the alcohol claim 1 , and wherein the alcohol includes methanol.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising decomposing water into the hydrogen and oxygen claim 2 , using at least one of alkaline electrolysis claim 2 , polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis claim 2 , or solid oxide electrolysis.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein reacting the COwith the hydrogen includes decomposing water in the aqueous solution into the hydrogen and oxygen claim 2 , and reacting the hydrogen and the COin the presence of a catalyst to produce the methanol.5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising at least one of dehydrating the methanol to produce dimethyl ether claim 2 , or dehydrating the methanol to produce the ...

Processes For Producing High Biogenic Concentration Fischer-Tropsch Liquids Derived From Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Feedstocks

Processes for producing high biogenic concentration Fischer-Tropsch liquids derived from the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (MSW) feedstock that contains a relatively high concentration of biogenic carbon (derived from plants) and a relatively low concentration of non-biogenic carbon (derived from fossil sources) wherein the biogenic content of the Fischer-Tropsch liquids is the same as the biogenic content of the feedstock. 1. A process for producing a transportation fuel or fuel additive derived from municipal solid wastes (MSW) that contain materials that are produced from biogenic derived carbon materials and non-biogenic derived carbon materials , the process comprising the steps of:a) in a feedstock processing step, removing some of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials and non-carbonaceous materials from municipal solid wastes to produce a processed MSW feedstock that contains a higher concentration of biogenic carbon materials than non-biogenic carbon materials; andb) converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in a bio-refinery while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon; andc) upgrading the Fischer-Tropsch liquids into a transportation fuel or fuel additive while maintaining a greater concentration of biogenic carbon than non-biogenic carbon.2. The process according to wherein the step of converting the processed MSW feedstock into Fischer-Tropsch liquids in the bio-refinery claim 1 , further comprises: converting the processed MSW feedstock in a gasification island.3. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of:in a power generation process, converting some or all of the biogenic carbon material into biogenic carbon derived power.4. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step claim 1 , more than about 10% of the non-biogenic derived carbon materials are removed.5. The process according to wherein in the feedstock processing step ...

STABILIZED CATALYST SUPPORT AND CATALYST COMPRISING TRANSITION ALUMINIA

In a broad form the present disclosure relates to a stabilized catalyst support comprising in oxide form; aluminum, zirconium, and one or more lanthanoid elements taken from the lanthanoid group of the periodic system characterized in that at least a part of the aluminum is present as transition alumina such as χ, κ, γ, δ, ρ and θ-alumina, characterized in the concentration of zirconium being at least 1.5 wt %, 5 wt % or 10 wt %, the concentration of lanthanoid being at least 0.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %, 2 wt % or 4 wt % and the combined concentration of zirconium and lanthanoid being at least 4 wt %, 7 wt % or 10 wt %, with the associated benefit of a support comprising transition alumina being a high surface area due to the small crystallites typical for transition alumina, and the benefit of the combined presence of oxides of zirconium and lanthanoid in the stated amounts being that at these levels these oxides stabilize the structure of the transition alumina. 1. A stabilized catalyst support comprising in oxide form; aluminum ,zirconium, and one or more lanthanoid elements taken from the lanthanoid group of the periodic system characterized in that at least a part of the aluminum is present as transition alumina such as χ, κ, γ, δ, η, ρ and θ-alumina, characterized in the concentration of zirconium being at least 1.5 wt %, 5 wt % or 10 wt %, the concentration of lanthanoid being at least 0.5 wt %, 1.0 wt %, 2 wt % or 4 wt % and the combined concentration of zirconium and lanthanoid being at least 4 wt %, 7 wt % or 10 wt %.2. A catalyst support according to claim 1 , in which the fraction of alumina in the support being χ claim 1 , κ claim 1 , γ claim 1 , δ claim 1 , η claim 1 , ρ and θ-alumina is at least 0.1 claim 1 , 0.4 or 0.6.3. A catalyst support according to in which the one or more lanthanoid elements are taken from the group consisting of lanthanum claim 1 , cerium claim 1 , praseodymium claim 1 , samarium claim 1 , gadolinium claim 1 , neodymium claim 1 , ...