Смазка для резания металлов

Способ получения смазки для холодной и теплой обработки металлов давлением

Смазка для холодной и теплой обработки металлов давлением

Смазочно-охлаждающая жидкость

Способ получения смазки для холодной обработки металлов давлением

Смазочно - охлаждающая жидкость для шлифования металлов

Смазочно-охлаждающая жидкость для механической обработки металлов

Смазочно-охлаждающая жидкость для обработки алюминия резанием

Смазочно-охлаждающая композиция для холодной обработки металлов

Изобретение касается смазочно-охлаждающих жидкостей, используемых при глубокой вытяжке металлов и в процессах резания как со снятием, так и без снятия стружки. Цель изобретения - повышение стойкости инструмента и качества обработанной поверхности. Смазочно-охлаждающая композиция содержит, мас.%: воду 40-60, минеральное масло, или его смесь с растительным маслом, или полидиметилсилоксановую жидкость 10-50 и бентонит 5-30. Целесообразно ввести в состав 1-10 мас.% стеарата кальция и/или стеарата цинка. Композиция увеличивает срок службы инструмента до 165-185 мин. 1 з.п.ф-лы, 1 табл.

Смазочно-охлаждающая жидкость для резания металлов

Libricant

Lubricant.

A lubricant composition is disclosed which comprises tall oil and a suitable amount of an ...

Libricant

Composition containing isothiazolecarboxylates allowing to fight the moulds and the bacteria at the plants.

Liquid compositions containing salts of cadium used for the cut of metals.

Application of 3-hydroxyisothiazole and derivatives subtitués like agents biocides.

Liquid compositions used for the cut of metals.

3-isothiazolones substituted their method of preparation and their application to the fight against the living organisms.

METALWORKING EMULSION

USE OF A COOLING LUBRICANT EMULSION FOR MACHINE CUTTING METALWORKING

MICRO EMULSIONS

PROCEDURE FOR THE SEPARATION FROM GLASS AND USE OF THE BUT IT SUITABLE CUTTING LUBRICANT

METALWORKING LIQUID

METALLSALZHALTIGES WASSERIGES KUHLSCHMIERMITTEL

METALWORKING EMULSION

PROCEDURE FOR the PRODUCTION of NEW of METAL COMPLEXES OF 3-ISOTHIAZOLONEN

FLUSSIGE HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION CONTAINING A SUCCINIMID DETERGENS

USE OF ALKALI AND/OR TRI ETHANOL AMINE SALTS THAT ALKANOYLAMIDOCARBONSÄUREN IN METALWORKING

Stabilization of organic materials

PIECE OF BROKEN GLASS-CONSTANT FOG-SUPPRESSING COMPOSITIONS

PROCEDURE FOR THE HIGH TEMPERATURE STABILIZATION OF POLYCHLORALKANEN

ANTI-NEBULA ADDITIVE FOR WATER-MIXABLE AND WATER-MIXED KÜHLSCHMIERSTOFFE

ASH-FREE LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

METAL COMPLEX ABSTENTION LUBRICATING OIL ADDITIVE.

Procedure for the production of aqueous emulsions of heavy hydrocarbons and such.

FUNCTIONAL LIQUIDS.

Procedure for the production of soaps, which contain the hydrocarbons of the benzene row in water-soluble form.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MIXED ESTERS

FLUSSIGE HYDROCARBON COMPOSITION CONTAINING A SUCCINIMID DETERGENS

Aqueous metalworking liquid

Procedure for the production of new Organozinnderivaten of the s-Triazins

PROCEDURE FOR MECHANICAL WORKING IN PRESENCE A COBALT OF A CONTAINING METAL

Use of emulsifying agents

Liquid compositions for metalworking

Procedure for the production of disinfecting working connections

Procedure for the production of antimicrobial means

Metalworking lubricant

MECHANICAL WORK ON A COPPER OR AN ALUMINUM CONTAINING METAL

Lubricant for metalworking

Procedure for protecting dead, organic material against infestation and damage by microorganisms

Procedure for lubricating when the warm deforming metals and for the production of a lubricant

PROCESSING MACHINE

SULPHURIZATION OF SIOBUTYLENE

Composition for minimum quantity lubrication, and use of same

The invention relates to a lubricant composition and to the use of same for minimum quantity lubrication in the field of metalworking. The composition comprises 0.05 to 5 wt.% of emulsifier in relation to the total weight of the composition, and an amount of an aliphatic C ...

ORGANIC COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING N-ACYL BENZOTRIAZOLES

SOLUBLE-OIL CUTTING FLUID

METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF MICRO-ORGANISMS

DITHIOGLYCOLIC ACID BASED MULTIPURPOSE AQUEOUS LUBRICANT

... ▓▓▓▓Le lubrifiant aqueux multifonctionnel selon l'invention comprend au moins un ▓sel▓hydrosoluble de l'acide dithiodiglycolique et au moins un composÚ hydrosoluble▓choisi dans le groupe constituÚ par :▓a) les esters phosphoriques de formule gÚnÚrale (I):▓(see formula) I▓dans laquelle R reprÚsente un radical alkyle, alcÚnyle ou alkylaryle ayant de ▓6 Ó 20▓atomes de carbone, k est Úgal Ó 2 ou 3, m est un nombre allant de 0 Ó 20, x ▓est Úgal▓Ó 1 ou 2 et leurs sels, et▓b) les sels hydrosolubles des alkylthio-acides de formule gÚnÚrale :▓ R'-S-(CH2)n -COOH (II)▓dans laquelle n est un nombre allant de 1 Ó 10 et R' reprÚsente un radical ▓alkyle,▓alcÚnyle ou aryle ayant de 6 Ó 20 atomes de carbone,▓le rapport massique acide dithiodiglycolique/composÚ(s) I et/ou II Útant ▓compris entre▓1/1 et 20/1.▓ ...

COPOLYMERS OF OLEFINS OR OF OLEFINS AND NON CONJUGATED DIENES WITH UNSATURATED DERIVATIVES OF CYCLIC IMIDES

METAL WORKING LUBRICANTS AND THEIR USE

SHEAR-STABLE MIST-SUPPRESSING COMPOSITIONS

Aqueous metal working fluids containing a water-soluble mist suppressing copolymer are disclosed. The copolymer includes styrene or hydrocarbyl- substituted styrene hydrophobic monomers and hydrophilic monomers. Optionally, the metal working fluid can be an oil-in-water emulsion.

ADDITIVES FOR LUBRICANTS

SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS, AND ADDITIVE CONCENTRATES, LUBRICATING OILS AND METAL WORKING LUBRICANTS CONTAINING SAME

Title: SULFUR-CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS, AND ADDITIVE CONCENTRATES, LUBRICATING OILS, AND METAL WORKING LUBRICANTS CONTAINING SAME Sulfur-containing compositions are described which are prepared by sulfurizing (A) at least one fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, or (B) at least one fatty acid, fatty acid ester of a monohydric alcohol, or a mixture thereof, or (C) at least one aliphatic olefin containing from about 8 to about 36 carbon atoms, or (D) mixtures of any two or more of (A), (B) and (C), (E) in the presence of a catalytic amount of phosphoric acid, a phosphoric acid salt, a phosphoric acid ester, or a mixture thereof. Preferably mixtures of (A), (B) and (C) are sulfurized in accordance with the invention and the mixtures preferably will contain from 2 to about 200 parts of (B) and from about 25 to about 400 parts of (C). The incorporation of a catalytic amount of phosphoric acid, a phosphoric acid salt such as sodium orthophosphate, phosphoric acid ester, or a mixture thereof ...

CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS IN AQUEOUS SYSTEMS WITH 1- HYDROXYMETHYLPYRAZOLES

A method of preserving an aqueous system which is susceptible to microbiological degradation. To the system is added a compound having the formula wherein R and R' are independently selected from hydrogen or a methyl group, R" is a moiety selected from the group consisting of (a) hydrogen, (b) a halogen atom selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br and I, and (c) a nitro group; or the hydrochloride salt of the compound. The method disclosed is especially useful for preserving aqueous solutions, emulsions, and suspensions which are susceptible to microbiological degradation.

HYDRAULIC FLUIDS CONTAINING CERTAIN QUATERNARY PHOSPHONIUM SALTS OF PHOSPHORUS ACIDS

AQUEOUS SYSTEMS CONTAINING AMINO SULFONIC ACID DERIVATIVES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

DEODORANT AND RECONDITIONER FOR METAL WORKING FLUIDS

WORKING OF NON-FERROUS METALS

METALWORKING FLUID COMPOSITION AND METALWORKING PROCESS

Disclosed is a water-soluble metalworking fluid composition which exhibits excellent decay resistance and hardly has adverse effects on the global environment or the human body. Also disclosed is a metalworking process using such a metalworking fluid composition. Specifically disclosed is a metalworking fluid composition containing an amine having a straight chain or branched alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms (component A) and an amine having a cyclo ring or a benzene ring (component B). This metalworking fluid composition is characterized by containing 0.5-20% of the component A and 0.5- 20% of the component B. Also specifically disclosed is a metalworking process using such a metalworking fluid composition.

MINERAL OIL SOLUBLE BORATE COMPOSITIONS

STABLE MINERAL OIL

TRANSESTERIFIED FATTY ESTERS FOR LUBRICANT AND REFRIGERANT OIL SYSTEM

This invention is a composition that includes a transesterified fatty acid ester resulting from the reaction of a fatty acid ester, in the presence of an acid, with a hydroxyl-containing compound. The fatty acid esters of the invention are selected from those with a carbon number of eight to twenty. The hydroxyl-containing compound is an alcohol having a carbon number between one and eighteen. The resulting composition is useful as a lubricant, as a heat transfer agent, as a rheological modifier and as a corrosion/moisture inhibitor, among other uses.

CORROSION INHIBITED COMPOSITIONS

EXTREME-PRESSURE ADDITIVE, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, CUTTING FLUID, AND GRINDING FLUID

The present invention provides a sulfur-based extreme-pressure additive that is completely soluble in water without using a surfactant, and has satisfactory odor and hue. In addition, the present invention provides a cutting liquid and grinding liquid having superior defoaming property and rust preventive characteristics, while also having high load resistance and lubrication performance comparable to cutting oils and grinding oils of the prior art. The above objects are achieved by an extreme-pressure additive comprising the salt of a condensation product of a sulfurized hydroxy-unsaturated fatty acid, the condensation product having a sulfur content of 8 to 15% by weight (mass), color of 6 or less, and acid value of 80 to 200, and a grinding liquid comprising that extreme-pressure additive and water.

INVERT EMULSION BASED DRILLING FLUID AND METHODS OF USING SAME

A drilling fluid composition which includes a base fluid, one or more additives, and a viscosifier package. The base fluid is an invert emulsion comprising oil and water. Further, the one or more additives is chosen from an emulsifier, a weighting material, a fluid-loss control additive, or an alkaline compound. The viscosifier package includes a fatty acid having 6 or more carbon atoms and an aliphatic polyester. The drilling fluid composition has a yield point of from 30 lbf/100ft2 to 100 lbf/100ft2 and a low shear yield point of from 10 lbf/100ft2 to 40 lbf/100ft2. The associated method of drilling a subterranean well including operating a drill in a wellbore in the presence of the drilling fluid composition is also provided.

THIOPHOSPHORIC COMPOSITIONS, PREPARATION AND UTILIZATION OF SAME AS ADDITIVES FOR LUBRICANTS

DE DIVULGATION On décrit une nouvelle classe d'additifs antiusure et extrême-pression constituée de composes thiophosphorés obtenus par réaction de sulfures de phosphore, et notamment de décasulfure de phosphore P4S10, avec des additifs détergents surbasiques. Le produit de réaction peut être éventuellement traite par au moins un compose à hydrogène actif : eau, alcool, phénol, acide, ammoniac, amine, amide et/ou mercaptan.

FUNCTIONAL FLUIDS

VERSATILE MINERAL OIL-FREE AQUEOUS LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS

A substantially mineral oil-free aqueous composition useful to produce a dry lubricant film comprising water; a silicone oil, a vegetable oil or a mixture thereof; at least one waxy film-forming material selected from at least two of the following three groups: (a) saturated C10 - C24 aliphatic monohydric alcohols, (b) saturated C10 - C24 aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, and (c) saturated or monounsaturated C-10 - C24 aliphatic primary amides; and an anionic surfactant; nonionic surfactant or mixture thereof capable of stably dispersing the oil and film-forming mixture in the water.

NOVEL WATER SOLUBLE METAL WORKING FLUIDS

There are disclosed novel water-soluble metal working fluids comprising polyaspartic acid and salts thereof useful as a lubricant in process to cut, bend, grind and shape both ferrous and non-ferrous metal. The polyaspartic acid and salts thereof are particularly advantageous in that the fluids can be easily disposed of after use without special treatment because polyaspartic acid and salts thereof are readily biodegradable.

AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION AND WET BRAKE FLUIDS AND ADDITIVE PACKAGES THEREFOR

Case EI-6335 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION AND WET BRAKE FLUIDS AND ADDITIVE PACKAGES THEREFOR Of the Disclosure Oil-based functional fluid compositions formulated for use as automatic transmission fluid, fluid for a wet brake system, or a friction-depending lubricant are improved by including in the composition a minor amount of at least one alcohol or polyol having less than 12 carbon atoms in the molecule. This resultsin a desirable increase in the dynamic and/or static coefficients of friction ofautomatic transmission or other frictional surfaces contacted by the composition. Preferred for this use is a composition formed by heating at least one ashless dispersant containing basic nitrogen and/or at least one hydroxyl group with a combination of at least (i) an inorganic acid of phosphorus, (ii) a boron compound, and (iii) a polyol having less than 12 carbon atoms, so that a liquid composition is formed. The boron compound and the inorganic phosphorus acid are preferably co-present during ...

ALKENYLSUCCINIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS METALWORKING AUXILIARIES

Alkenylsuccinic acid derivatives as metalworking auxiliaries The present invention relates to salts of alkenylsuccinic acid alkoxyalkyl-half-amides of the formula Ia and/or Ib Ia Ib if appropriate as a mixture with salts of alkenylsuccinic acid half-ester amines of the formula IIa and/or IIb IIa IIb and/or alkenylsuccinic acid imides of the formula III in which R1, R2, A, R3, R4, n, m and M? have the meaning given in the description. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of salts of alkenylsuccinic acid alkoxyalkyl-half-amides of the formula Ia and/or Ib, if appropriate as a mixture with salts of alkenylsuccinic acid half-ester amines of the formula IIa and IIb and/or alkenylsuccinic acid imides of the formula III, which comprises reacting alkenylsuccinic acid anhydrides with alkoxyalkylamines of the formula IV H2N-(CH2)n-O-(A)m-R3 IV in which R3, n, m and A have the meaning given in the description, and carrying out this reaction in the presence of an amount of base ...

Procedure for the production of emulsion for technical purposes

Procedure for emulsifying organic compounds

MEANS FOR THE GROWTH INHIBITION OF MICROORGANISMS AND ALGAE.

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN ESTER.

[...][...] LA [...][...] NON [...] A dEGRADATION[...] DE [...][...] PAR L' [...] DE LA.

[...][...] LA [...][...]dEGRADATION[...] PAR L' [...][...] NON DE [...] A LA [...] - [...] DE.

WATER-MIXABLE CORROSION PROTECTION AGENTS.

SALTS OF POLYCONDENSATES HALOGENATED [...]-FATTY ACIDS SUITABLE FOR MAKING AQUEOUS FLUIDS-CHAMBERED.

METAL THE ACTIVATOR AND COMPOSITIONS, WHICH SUCH CONTAINING.

METALWORKING COMPOSITIONS.

EMULSION FOR METAL WORKING.

PHOSPHORIC ACID AND/OR POLYPHOSPHORSAEUREESTER OF POLYETHYLENOXY-N-BUTAN-1,4-DIOLEN.

PROCEDURE FOR APPLYING A LUBRICANT FILM.

WATER-SOLUBLE OR DISPERSE-CASH PP.

LUBRICANT-CHAMBERED.

KORROSIONSINHIBIERENDE WAESSERIGE LIQUID.

LIQUID OR PASTY PREPARATION AS DRILLING AND SCHNEIDMITTEL FOR ROCK.

gumption solution for cooling and lubricating of a cutting wire with fixed cutting means.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine wässrige Schneidlösung mit 80 bis 99,5 wt.-% Wasser und 0,1 bis 20 Gew.-% wenigstens einer Glykolverbindung sowie optional eine oder mehrere Verbindungen ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus pH-regulierenden Verbindungen, Lösevermittlern, Korrosionsschutzmitteln, schaumreduzierenden Mitteln, Tensiden, Sequestriermitteln und Konservierungsmitteln, zur Kühlung und Schmierung eines Schneiddrahts mit fixiertem Schneidmittel einer Einzeldraht- oder Mehrfachdrahtsäge. Des Weiteren ist die Erfindung auf damit durchgeführte Schneidverfahren, insbesondere zum Schneiden von mono- oder multikristallinen Siliziumwerkstücken und entsprechende Verwendungen gerichtet.

Lubricating solution, useful for applying lubricant film on surface of component, comprises ethanol, surfactant, sodium triphosphate, ion exchanger, polycarboxylate, organic compound able to produce photosynthesis reaction and chlorophyll

Aqueous lubricating solution comprises: ethanol; surfactant; sodium triphosphate; ion exchanger; polycarboxylate; an organic compound capable of producing photosynthesis reaction when irradiated by a light source; and chlorophyll. Independent claims are included for: (1) a process of applying a lubricating film on the surface of a metal part using the lubricating solution comprising: irradiating the lubricating solution with a light source; injecting carbon dioxide into the lubricating solution; and applying the lubricating solution on the component to cover the part of the lubricating film; and (2) a device for carrying out the process for applying lubricant film comprising: a tank to contain the lubricating solution; a lamp comprising the light source and a pipe for feeding and injecting carbon dioxide into the lubricating solution.

INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANT INCLUDING METAL CHALCOGENIDE PARTICLES AND PHOSPHORUS-BASED ADDITIVE

An industrial lubricant composition including an oil base selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V and combinations thereof and a phosphorus-based non-chlorine additive. The industrial lubricant also includes at least one intercalation compound of a metal chalcogenide, a carbon containing compound and a boron containing compound, wherein the intercalation compound may have a geometry that is a platelet shaped geometry, a spherical shaped geometry, a multi-layered fullerene-like geometry, a tubular-like geometry or a combination thereof. 1. An industrial lubricant composition comprising:an oil base selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, Group I type oil, Group II type oil, Group III type oil, Group IV type oil, Group V type oil and combinations thereof;a phosphorus-based non-chlorine additive; andat least one intercalation compound of a metal chalcogenide, a carbon containing compound and a boron containing compound, wherein the intercalation compound may have a geometry that is a platelet shaped geometry, a spherical shaped geometry, a multi-layered fullerene-like geometry, a tubular-like geometry or a combination thereof.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the vegetable oil is an oil selected from the group consisting of canola oil claim 1 , coconut oil claim 1 , corn oil claim 1 , cottonseed oil claim 1 , olive oil claim 1 , palm oil claim 1 , peanut oil rapeseed oil claim 1 , safflower oil claim 1 , sesame oil claim 1 , soybean oil claim 1 , sunflower oil claim 1 , almond oil claim 1 , beech nut oil claim 1 , cashew oil claim 1 , hazelnut oil claim 1 , macadamia oil claim 1 , mongongo nut oil claim 1 , pecan oil claim 1 , pine nut oil claim 1 , pistachio oil claim 1 , walnut oil claim 1 , grapefruit seed oil claim 1 , lemon oil claim 1 , orange oil claim 1 , watermelon seed oil claim 1 , bitter gourd oil claim 1 , bottle gourd oil claim 1 , buffalo gourd oil claim 1 , butternut squash ...

Metal Working Fluid

A metal working fluid having increased resistance to bacterial growth. The metal working fluid includes a cross-linked polymeric ester emulsifier; and an amine represented by the formula (H 2 N) a -Q-(NH 2 ) b , where a and b are each integers, and Q is at least one carbon atom. Q may also be represented by X—Y—Z, where a+b≥2; X is a cyclic ring system including 3 to 24 carbon atoms; and Y and Z are groups that include at least one carbon atom directly attached to the cyclic ring system. The metal working fluid may also include a biocide, and may also include an amide that is formed by reacting the amine with a carboxylic acid.

METHOD FOR RECOVERING SILICON PARTICLES AND ABRASIVE GRAINS FROM WASTED ABRASIVE SLURRY

Disclosed herein is a method for recovering silicon particles and abrasive grains from a wasted abrasive slurry. The method includes providing a wasted abrasive slurry that contains silicon particles, abrasive grains and a water-soluble glycol, and mixing the wasted abrasive slurry with a metal chloride solution, so as to obtain a micelle layer and a slurry layer, the micelle layer including the water-soluble glycol, and the slurry layer including the silicon particles and the abrasive grains. 1. A method for recovering silicon particles and abrasive grains from a wasted abrasive slurry , comprising:providing a wasted abrasive slurry that contains silicon particles, abrasive grains and a water-soluble glycol; andmixing the wasted abrasive slurry that contains silicon particles, abrasive grains and a water-soluble glycol with a metal chloride solution, so as to obtain a micelle layer and a slurry layer, the micelle layer including the water-soluble glycol, and the slurry layer including the silicon particles and the abrasive grains.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the slurry layer to a separation treatment claim 1 , so as to obtain an aqueous supernatant and a precipitate that includes the silicon particles and the abrasive grains.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising adding an acid solution into the precipitate so as to separate the silicon particles and the abrasive grains.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the acid solution is an organic acid solution.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the abrasive grains are selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide grains claim 1 , aluminium oxide grains claim 1 , zirconium oxide grains claim 1 , yttrium oxide grains claim 1 , brown corundum grains claim 1 , white corundum grains claim 1 , and combinations thereof.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble glycol is selected from the group consisting of diol claim 1 , polyol and the combination thereof.7. The method of claim ...

Mineral base oil and lubricating oil composition

Provided is a mineral base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 4.0 mm 2 /s or more and less than 6.0 mm 2 /s, a kinematic viscosity at 100° C. of 1.0 mm 2 /s or more and less than 2.0 mm 2 /s, and a flash point of 140° C. or higher. A lubricating oil composition containing the mineral base oil has a high flash point while having a low viscosity and thus having excellent fuel-saving performance when used as a driving system oil and the like.

DEVELOPMENT OF ANTI-BIT BALLING FLUIDS

Anti-bit balling drilling fluids and methods of making and using drilling fluids are provided. The anti-bit balling drilling fluid contains water, a clay-based component, and at least one of a surfactant having the formula: R—(OCH)—OH, where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10, or a polyethylene glycol having the formula: H—(O—CH—CH)—OH, where n is an integer from 1 to 50. Methods of making and using these drilling fluids are also provided. 2. The method of claim 1 , where the surfactant has an HLB of from 8 to 16.3. The method of claim 1 , where R is:an alkyl group comprising 12 to 15 carbons; oran alkenyl group comprising from 12 to 15 carbon atoms.4. The method of claim 1 , where x is from 5 to 10.5. The method of claim 1 , where the surfactant has an HLB of from 13 to 15.6. The method of claim 1 , where the surfactant comprises ethylene oxide condensate of branched isotridecyl alcohol.7. The method of claim 1 , where the polyethylene glycol has a weight average molecular weight of from 300 grams per mol (g/mol) to 500 g/mol claim 1 , as measured according to GPC.8. The method of claim 1 , where the drilling fluid comprises from 28 to 850 lb/bbl water based on total weight of the drilling fluid.9. The method of claim 1 , where the drilling fluid comprises from 28 to 720 lb/bbl of the clay-based component based on total weight of the drilling fluid.10. The method of claim 1 , where the drilling fluid comprises from 0.02 to 180 lb/bbl of the surfactant claim 1 , the polyethylene glycol claim 1 , or both claim 1 , based on total weight of the drilling fluid.11. The method of claim 1 , where the clay-based component comprises one or more components selected from the group consisting of lime (CaO) claim 1 , CaCO claim 1 , bentonite claim 1 , montmorillonite clay claim 1 , barium sulfate (barite) claim 1 , hematite (FeO) claim 1 , mullite (3AlO.2SiOor 2AlO.SiO) claim 1 , kaolin claim 1 , (AlSiO(OH)or kaolinite) ...

DIALKYL-POLYALKYLAMINE COMPOSITIONS, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND THEIR USE

The application relates to compositions comprising di-fatty-alkyl or -alkenyl polyalkylamines of the general formula (I) or (II), to a process for their preparation which involves a cyanoethylation step and a hydrogenation step, and their use as demulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions, corrosion inhibitor, fuel additive, anti-scaling agent, asphalt additive, enhanced oil recovery agent for oil-wells, cutting-oil additive, and anti-static agent. The product show good performance combined with a favourable viscosity profile. 2. Polyalkylamines composition according to comprising a total of at least 4% w/w claim 1 , at least 5% w/w claim 1 , at least 6% w/w claim 1 , at least 7% w/w claim 1 , at least 7.5% w/w claim 1 , at least 10% w/w claim 1 , or at least 20% w/w claim 1 , of branched compounds of formula (I) with at least one of n and z< >0 and compounds of formula (II) with n< >0.3. Polyalkylamines composition according to comprising at least 5% by weight of products of formulae (I) and (II) with a linear structure with n is 0 in formulae (I) and (II) and z is 0 in formula (I).4. Polyalkylamines composition of comprising derivatives of di-fatty-alkyl(ene) polyalkylamines claim 1 , wherein the derivatives are alkoxylates which are optionally methylated.5. Polyalkylamines composition of comprising derivatives of di-fatty-alkyl(ene) polyalkylamines claim 1 , wherein the derivatives are methylated.6. A process for making the polyalkylamines compositions of wherein a di-fatty-alkyl(ene) alkyldiamine is reacted in two or more cycles whereby each cycle comprises a cyanoethylation step and a subsequent hydrogenation step.7. A process of wherein an acidic catalyst is used during the cyanoethylation steps claim 6 , preferably HCl or acetic acid.8. A process of wherein the reaction temperature during a later cyanoethylation step is higher than the temperature in an earlier cyanoethylation step.9. A process of wherein more than 1 mole of acrylonitrile is used per mole of the ...

Cutting fluid, cutting method, and smoothness improver for cut surface

A cutting fluid comprising a sugar solution containing any sugar alcohol selected from among sorbitol, reduced starch syrup and reduced maltose syrup and having a viscosity of 9.7 mPa·s or more. According to the present invention, the cut surface can have improved smoothness and, hence, the polishing step which has conventionally been conducted after cutting can be shortened, simplified, or omitted to greatly contribute to an improvement in working efficiency. Furthermore, since chipping can be diminished, the present invention can greatly contribute to an improvement in the precision of the shape or dimensions of works or to an improvement in yield.

Lubricating oils

A lubricating composition comprises an amide and at least one additive. The amide is the reaction product of a secondary, branched amine and a carboxylic acid. The carboxylic acid may be a monocarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid, including dimer acid. The amide is hydrolytically stable, and may be used to increase the hydrolytic stability of the lubricant composition. Alternatively, the amide may be used to increase the additive solubility or detergency of the lubricant composition.

Non-Chlorinated Alkoxylated Alcohol Phosphate for Metal Working

An improved metal working composition is provided. The composition comprises an additive defined by Formula I: 1. An improved metal working composition comprising an additive defined by Formula I:{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2, 'sub': y', '2', 'z', 'n', '4-n', '3-n, '[R—(CO)O(CHCHRO)]POX\u2003\u2003Formula I'}wherein:{'sup': '1', 'Ris a saturated or unsaturated, branched or linear, alkyl or aryl hydrocarbon group comprising at least 10 to no more than 24 carbons;'}{'sup': '2', 'each Ris independently selected from H and alkyl of 1-5 carbons;'}X is a cation or hydrogen;y is 0 or 1;z is an integer of 1 to 20; andn is 1 or 2.2. The improved metal working composition of wherein said Ris selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group and an alkylene group.3. The improved metal working composition of wherein said Ris linear or branched.4. The improved metal working composition of wherein said Ris selected from the group consisting of oleyl alcohol; oleic acid claim 3 , stearic acid claim 3 , styrenated phenols claim 3 , coconut fatty acids or tall fatty acids.5. The improved metal working composition of wherein each said Ris independently select from the group consisting of —H and —CH.6. The improved metal working composition of wherein no more than ten Rgroups are —CH.7. The improved metal working composition of wherein 3-7 Rgroups are —CH.8. The improved metal working composition of wherein no more than ten Rgroups are —H.9. The improved metal working composition of wherein 1-3 Rgroups are —CH.10. The improved metal working composition of wherein said z is at least 4 to no more than 14.11. The improved metal working composition of wherein said X is a cation of a material selected from the group consisting of hydrogen claim 1 , sodium claim 1 , potassium claim 1 , ammonia claim 1 , calcium claim 1 , magnesium claim 1 , lithium and an amine.12. The improved metal working composition of wherein said X is a hydrogen cation.13. The improved metal working composition of ...

SEPARATION OF CONTAMINANTS FROM A LIQUID MIXTURE

The present invention provides method for separating contaminants from a liquid mixture comprising the steps of a) providing a feed of said liquid mixture to be purified, b) adding a separation aid to the liquid mixture to be purified, wherein said separation aid is capable of binding said contaminants and c) supplying a flow of compressed air into said feed after step b) has been performed to provide a feed comprising air. The method further comprises steps d) removing air from said feed comprising air to provide a deaerated feed; and e) supplying said deaerated feed to a separator, and f) separating a phase comprising contaminants and said separation aid from said liquid mixture in said separator, wherein the separation aid added in step b) is insoluble in said liquid mixture at the separation conditions in step f). The present invention further provides a system for separating contaminants from a liquid mixture. 1. A method for separating contaminants from a liquid mixture comprising the steps of:a) providing a feed of said liquid mixture,b) adding a separation aid to the liquid mixture, wherein said separation aid is capable of binding said contaminants;c) supplying a flow of compressed air into said feed of liquid mixture after step b) has been performed, in order to provide a feed of liquid mixture comprising air;d) removing air from said feed of liquid mixture comprising air, in order to provide a deaerated feed of liquid mixture;e) supplying said deaerated feed of liquid mixture to a separator, andf) separating a phase comprising contaminants and said separation aid from said liquid mixture in said separator, wherein the separation aid added in step b) is insoluble in said liquid mixture at separation conditions prevailing in step f).2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said flow of compressed air is supplied in step c) to said feed of liquid mixture with a pressure so that the flow of air has a higher velocity than the feed of liquid mixture.3. The ...

Metalworking oil composition

Disclosed is a metalworking oil composition containing: at least one base oil (A) selected from a mineral oil and a synthetic oil; sulfurized oils and fats (B) having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 60 mm 2 /s or more and 1,600 mm 2 /s or less; and a polymer (C) of an unsaturated fatty acid having a carbon number of 10 or more.

Branched diesters for use as a base stock and in lubricant applications

This application relates to branched diester compositions that can be used as a base stock for lubricant applications, or as a base stock blend component for use in a finished lubricant or for particular applications, and methods for making the same.

SILICON INGOT SLICING APPARATUS USING MICROBUBBLES AND WIRE ELECTRIC DISCHARGE MACHINING

Provided are a silicon ingot slicing apparatus capable of slicing silicon ingots in various forms such as blocks or wafers using microbubbles and wire electric discharge machining. 1. A silicon ingot slicing apparatus using microbubbles and wire electric discharge machining , the silicon ingot slicing apparatus comprising:a water tank containing a jig attached to a lower surface of a silicon ingot, a conductive adhesive layer adhered between the silicon ingot and the jig, and deionized water (DIW);an electrode unit connected to the silicon ingot;a wire unit for slicing the silicon ingot while being transported in the vertical direction of the silicon ingot by a wire driving unit;an additive injection unit for injecting an additive for generating microbubbles into the water tank; anda power supply unit for supplying power to the electrode unit and the wire unit so that arc discharge and electrolysis are performed between the silicon ingot and the wire unit,wherein microbubbles are generated on the surfaces of both the electrode unit and the silicon ingot by the additive for generating microbubbles, at the time of an application of a voltage to the electrode unit and the wire unit.2. The silicon ingot slicing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the additive for generating microbubbles is a compound comprising one or both of H and OH groups.3. The silicon ingot slicing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the microbubbles have an average particle diameter of 40 to 60 μm.4. The silicon ingot slicing apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising: an outlet unit for discharging the deionized water (DIW) and the microbubbles from the water tank for controlling the amount of the deionized water (DIW) and the microbubbles;and an electrical conductivity measuring sensor unit for measuring the electrical conductivity of the deionized water.5. The silicon ingot slicing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the power supply unit applies a voltage of 25 V or more as a DC pulse voltage to the electrode ...

LUBRICANT COMPOSITION

The present invention provides a non-aqueous lubricant composition comprising a base stock and 5 at least 0.02 wt % of a friction reducing additive which comprises a block co-polymer of at least one block A which is an oligo- or polyester residue of a hydroxycarboxylic acid and at least one block B which is a residue of a polyalkylene glycol. The invention also provides the use of a block co-polymer of at least one block A which is an oligo- or polyester residue of a hydroxycarboxylic acid and at least one block B which is a residue of a polyalkylene glycol to reduce the kinetic co-efficient of friction in a non-aqueous lubricant composition when compared to an equivalent lubricant composition comprising no block co-polymer. 1. A non-aqueous lubricant composition comprising:a base stock; andat least 0.02 wt % of a friction reducing additive which comprises a block co-polymer of at least one block A which is an oligo- or polyester residue of a hydroxycarboxylic acid and at least one block B which is a residue of a polyalkylene glycol.2. A non-aqueous lubricant composition as claimed in wherein the hydroxycarboxylic acid is a hydroxystearic acid.3. A non-aqueous lubricant composition as claimed in wherein the polyalkylene glycol is a polyethylene glycol4. A non-aqueous lubricant composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight of the block A is in the range 1000 to 2500.5. A non-aqueous lubricant composition as claimed in wherein the molecular weight of the block B is in the range 400 to 4600.6. A non-aqueous lubricant composition as claimed in wherein the number average molecular weight of the block co-polymer is in the range 3000 to 5000.7. A non-aqueous lubricant composition as claimed in wherein the block co-polymer has the structure AB or ABA.8. A non-aqueous lubricant composition as claimed in wherein the block co-polymer has an HLB value of at least 6.5.9. A non-aqueous lubricant composition as claimed in wherein the base stock is selected from ...

CUTTING FLUID, PREPARATION METHOD AND APPLICATION THEREOF

The present application relates to metal cutting, and more particularly to a cutting fluid and a preparation method and an application thereof, especially the application in the processing of niobium-tungsten alloy (NB521). The preparation method of the cutting fluid is simple and requires low production cost. In the mechanical processing of niobium-tungsten alloy (NB521), the cutting fluid has good cooling performance, lubricity, load-bearing capacity, friction reduction and vibration absorption, and long service life. It also can effectively avoid built-up edges, thereby improving the service life of cutting tools and the processibility of materials. Therefore, products of good quality are produced to improve the yield, especially in the deep hole machining, and thus the cutting fluid of the present application is suitable for a wide range of applications. 1. A cutting fluid , comprising carbon tetrachloride and lard ,wherein the cutting fluid is prepared by mixing the lard and the carbon tetrachloride at 15-25° C. under stirring.2. The cutting fluid of claim 1 , wherein a volume ratio of the carbon tetrachloride to the lard is 1:3-4.3. The cutting fluid of claim 2 , wherein a volume ratio of the carbon tetrachloride to the lard is 1:3.4. The cutting fluid of claim 2 , wherein a volume ratio of the carbon tetrachloride to the lard is 1:4.5. The cutting fluid of claim 1 , wherein the lard has a general formula of CHOH claim 1 , which comprises 49% by weight of oleic acid claim 1 , 26% by weight of palmitic acid claim 1 , 15% by weight of stearic acid claim 1 , 5% by weight of linoleic acid claim 1 , 1.5% by weight of palmitoleic acid claim 1 , 1.5% by weight of myristic acid claim 1 , and 2% by weight of moisture and impurities; and its melting point is 28-48° C.6. An application of a cutting fluid claim 1 , comprising:applying the cutting fluid between a product to be cut and a cutting tool by brushing or spraying.7. The application of claim 6 , wherein the ...

Oil composition for electrical discharge machining

An electrical discharge machining oil composition of the invention includes an organic acid metal salt and a base oil, in which the organic acid metal salt is an organic acid salt of a metal having an electronegativity on Pauling scale of 2 or less, and the present composition has a volume resistivity at 80 degrees C. of 2×10 −5 TΩ·m or more and a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C. in a range from 0.5 mm 2 /s to 10 mm 2 /s.

WATER-SOLUBLE METALWORKING OIL, AND METALWORKING COOLANT

A water-soluble metalworking fluid of the invention contains a component (A) that is a dicarboxylic acid including a sulfide structure and a component (B) that is a monocarboxylic acid, in which the fluid contains no polyalkylene glycol. A metalworking coolant of the invention is provided by diluting the above-described water-soluble metalworking fluid with water. 1. A water-soluble metalworking fluid , comprising:a component (A), which is a dicarboxylic acid comprising a sulfide structure; anda component (B), which is a monocarboxylic acid, whereinthe water-soluble metalworking fluid does not comprise polyalkylene glycol.2. The water-soluble metalworking fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the component (A) is a compound of formula (1):{'br': None, 'sup': 1', '2, 'sub': 'n', 'HOOC—R—S—R—COOH\u2003\u2003(1)'}wherein{'sup': 1', '2, 'Rand Rare each independently a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and'}n is an integer of from 1 to 8.3. The water-soluble metalworking fluid according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the component (A) is in a range from 0.1 mass % to 14 mass % of a total amount of the fluid.4. The water-soluble metalworking fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the component (B) is a compound of formula (2):{'br': None, 'sup': '3', 'R—COOH\u2003\u2003(2)'}{'sup': '3', 'wherein Ris a hydrocarbon group having 11 or more carbon atoms.'}5. The water-soluble metalworking fluid according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the component (B) is in a range from 1 mass % to 20 mass % of the total amount of the fluid.6. The water-soluble metalworking fluid according to claim 1 , further comprising:a component (C), which is an acethylene glycol surfactant.7. The water-soluble metalworking fluid according to claim 6 , wherein a content of the component (C) is in a range from 1 mass % to 15 mass % of the total amount of the fluid.8. The water-based metalworking fluid according to claim 1 , wherein the water-based metalworking fluid is in a form of an ...

Lubricant compositions for surface finishing of materials

Described herein are lubricant compositions that include combinations of lubricant additives that are effective at improving the surface finish of a range of manufactured materials and equipment. In particular, friction modifiers and antiwear additives are employed to decrease surface roughness of additive manufactured (AM), e.g., 3D printed, materials and equipment in concert with maximizing energy efficiency.

SPACER FLUID COMPOSITIONS THAT INCLUDE SURFACTANTS

In one embodiment, a spacer fluid may comprise a base fluid and a surfactant package. The surfactant package may comprise one or more surfactants, where the surfactant package comprises a first surfactant having the chemical structure R—(OCH)—OH. R may be a hydrocarbyl group having from 9 to 20 carbon atom, and x may be an integer from 5 and 15. The first surfactant may have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of from 12 to 13.5. 2. The spacer fluid of claim 1 , further comprising a weighting agent.3. The spacer fluid of claim 2 , where the weight ratio of base fluid to weighting agent is from 100:3 to 100:350.4. The spacer fluid of claim 1 , further comprising a viscosifier.5. The spacer fluid of claim 4 , where the weight ratio of base fluid to the viscosifier is from 100:0.05 to 100:7.6. The spacer fluid of claim 1 , where the weight ratio of base fluid to the first surfactant is from 100:1 to 100:20.7. A method for cementing a well bore claim 1 , the method comprising:displacing at least a portion of a drilling fluid positioned in the well bore with a spacer fluid, where the spacer fluid comprises:a base fluid; and{'sub': 2', '4', 'x, 'claim-text': R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 9 to 20 carbon atom;', 'x is an integer from 5 and 15; and', 'the first surfactant has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of from 12 to 13.5., 'a surfactant package comprising one or more surfactants, where the surfactant package comprises a first surfactant having the chemical structure R—(OCH)—OH, where8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising displacing the spacer fluid with a cement slurry.9. The method of claim 8 , where:the spacer fluid is pumped into a first conduit defined by an interior wall of a tubular in the well bore;the cement slurry is pumped into the first conduit;at least a portion of the drilling fluid exits the well bore through a second conduit defined by an exterior wall of the tubular and a wall of the well bore. This application claims priority to ...

CEMENT SLURRIES, CURED CEMENTS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USE THEREOF

Cement slurries, cured cements, and methods of making cured cement and methods of using cement slurries are provided. The cement slurry contains water, a cement precursor material, an alcohol surfactant having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid comprising an aliphatic chain having from 16 to 18 carbons. In some embodiments, the alcohol surfactant may comprise the formula R—(OCH)—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbons and x is an integer from 1 to 10. The cured cement contains water, cement, an alcohol surfactant having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid comprising an aliphatic chain having from 16 to 18 carbons. In some embodiments, the alcohol surfactant may comprise the formula R—(OCH)—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbons and x is an integer from 1 to 10. 1. A cured cement comprising: {'br': None, 'sub': 2', '4', 'x, 'R—(OCH)—OH'}, 'an alcohol surfactant comprising ethylene oxide condensate of branched isotridecyl alcohol having the formulawhere x is an integer from 1 and 10, anda carboxylic acid comprising an aliphatic carbon chain having from 16 to 18 carbon atoms.2. The cured cement of claim 1 , where the alcohol surfactant has a hydrophilic -lipophilic balance (HLB) of from 12 to 13.5.3. The cured cement of claim 1 , where the cured cement contains from 10 to 70% BWOC (By Weight of Cement) water.4. The cured cement of claim 1 , where the cured cement contains from 0.1 to 10% BWOC of the alcohol surfactant.5. The cured cement of claim 1 , where the cured cement contains from 0.1 to 10% BWOC of the carboxylic acid.6. The cured cement of claim 1 , where the carboxylic acid is selected from the group consisting of palmitic acid claim 1 , palmitoleic acid claim 1 , vaccenic acid claim 1 , oleic acid claim 1 , elaidic acid claim 1 , linoleic acid claim 1 , α-linolenic acid claim 1 , γ-linolenic acid claim 1 , stearidonic acid claim 1 , or combinations thereof.7. The cured cement of claim 1 ...

CEMENT SLURRIES, CURED CEMENTS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USE THEREOF

Cement slurries, cured cements, and methods of making cured cement and methods of using cement slurries are provided. The cement slurry contains water, a cement precursor material, an alcohol surfactant having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid comprising an aliphatic chain having from 16 to 18 carbons. In some embodiments, the alcohol surfactant may comprise the formula R—(OCH)—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbons and x is an integer from 1 to 10. The cured cement contains water, cement, an alcohol surfactant having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid comprising an aliphatic chain having from 16 to 18 carbons. In some embodiments, the alcohol surfactant may comprise the formula R—(OCH)—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbons and x is an integer from 1 to 10. 1. A cement slurry comprising:water;a cement precursor material; and {'br': None, 'sub': 2', '4', 'x, 'R—(OCH)—OH'}, 'an alcohol surfactant comprising ethylene oxide condensate of branched isotridecyl alcohol having the formulawhere x is an integer from 1 and 10.3. The cement slurry of claim 1 , where the alcohol surfactant has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of from 12 to 13.5.4. The cement slurry of claim 1 , where the cement slurry contains from 10 to 70% BWOC (By Weight of Cement) water.5. The cement slurry of claim 1 , where the cement slurry contains from 10 to 90% BWOC of the cement precursor material.6. The cement slurry of claim 1 , where the cement slurry contains from 0.1 to 10% BWOC of the alcohol surfactant.7. The cement slurry of claim 1 , where the cement slurry has a total fluid loss of less than or equal to 50 milliliters (mL) after 30 minutes claim 1 , as measured according to ASTM API RP 10B-2.8. The cement slurry of claim 1 , where the cement precursor material is a hydraulic cement precursor material.9. The cement slurry of claim 1 , where the cement precursor material is a non-hydraulic cement precursor ...

Industrial Fluid

An industrial fluid is disclosed. The fluid comprises an oleaginous component, an aqueous component, and a surfactant dispersed in the aqueous component. The industrial fluid does not contain defoamers or anti-foam compounds. The surfactant is bound within micelles of the oleaginous component and the aqueous component. 1. Industrial fluid comprising an emulsion of:An oleaginous component;An aqueous component; andA surfactant;wherein either the oleaginous component or the aqueous component forms micelles with the surfactant, and wherein the industrial fluid does not contain insoluble defoamers or anti-foam compounds to compensate for foaming.2. Industrial fluid as claimed in claim 1 , wherein substantially all of the surfactant is bound within micelles of the oleaginous or the aqueous component claim 1 , such that there is substantially no unbound surfactant present in the fluid.3. Industrial fluid as claimed in or claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in use claim 1 , the industrial fluid is undiluted claim 1 , diluted with a diluent or an additive for a carrier fluid.4. Industrial fluid as claimed in claimed in claim 1 , or claim 1 , wherein the average micelle diameter follows a Gaussian distribution having a mean μ claim 1 , and wherein the standard deviation σ is less than or equal to 0.2μ.5. Industrial fluid as claimed in any of to claim 1 , wherein the mean average diameter of the micelles is ≤0.3 μm.6. Industrial fluid as claimed in any preceding claim claim 1 , wherein the micelle is a normal-phase micelle claim 1 , and the oleaginous component forms the centre of the micelle.7. Industrial fluid as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the surface comprises at least one surfactant monomer layer.8. Industrial fluid as claimed in any preceding claim claim 6 , wherein the structure of the surfactant dictates the structure of the micelle.9. Industrial fluid as claimed in any of to claim 6 , wherein the micelle is an inverse-phase micelle claim 6 , and at least some of the aqueous ...

Lubricated mechanical polishing

A lubricated mechanical polishing (LMP) process is provided that uses hard nanoparticles of less than 5 nm diameter dispersed in a fluid lubricant as a polishing slurry to produce an ultra-smooth surface on a hard metallic or non-metallic substrate with a sub-nanometer surface roughness substantially less than that produced by silica chemical mechanical polishing.

Composition for Minimum Quantity Lubrication, and Use of Same

The invention relates to a lubricant composition and to the use of same for minimum quantity lubrication in the field of metalworking. The composition comprises 0.05 to 5 wt.% of emulsifier in relation to the total weight of the composition, and an amount of an aliphatic C16-24 alcohol that makes the composition up to 100%. The emulsifier is selected from fatty alcohol polyalkylene glycol ethers or glycolic acid alkoxylate alkyl ethers or mixtures thereof.

ENHANCED FILTRATION CONTROL PACKAGES, WELLBORE SERVICING FLUIDS UTILIZING THE SAME, AND METHODS OF MAINTAINING THE STRUCTURE OF A WELLBORE

A wellbore servicing fluid comprises an aqueous base fluid, one or more alkali metal or alkali earth metal salts, at least one visocisifier, and a filtration control package. The filtration control package may comprise a carboxylic acid and an ethoxylated alcohol compound. Alternatively, the filtration control package may comprise a polyethylene glycol. The carboxylic acid may have from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. The ethoxylated alcohol compound may have a general formula R—(OCHCH)—OH, where R is a hydrocarbon having from 10 to 16 atoms and x is an integer from 6 to 9. The ethoxylated alcohol compound may have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of from 8.0 to 16.0. The polyethylene glycol may have a mass average molar mass (M) of less than or equal to 1500 daltons. 126-. (canceled)27. A wellbore servicing fluid comprising:an aqueous base fluid;xanthan gum polymer; anda filtration control package comprising from 30 wt. % to 70 wt. % of at least one carboxylic acid having from 16 to 18 carbon atoms; and{'sub': 'w', 'from 30 wt. % to 70 wt. % of a polyethylene glycol with a mass average molar mass (M) less than or equal to 1500 daltons;'}where the amount of polyethylene glycol does not exceed 30 pounds per barrel of wellbore servicing fluid.28. The wellbore servicing fluid of claim 27 , further comprising a carboxylic acid having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms.29. The wellbore servicing fluid of claim 28 , where the carboxylic acid has from 14 to 20 carbon atoms.30. The wellbore servicing fluid of claim 28 , where the carboxylic acid has from 16 to 18 carbon atoms.31. The wellbore servicing fluid of claim 27 , where the polyethylene glycol has a mass average molar mass (M) less than or equal to 800 daltons.32. The wellbore servicing fluid of claim 27 , where the polyethylene glycol is present in the wellbore servicing fluid in an amount no more than 20 pounds per barrel of wellbore servicing fluid.33. The wellbore servicing fluid of claim 28 , where the carboxylic acid is present ...

ENHANCED FILTRATION CONTROL PACKAGES, WELLBORE SERVICING FLUIDS UTILIZING THE SAME, AND METHODS OF MAINTAINING THE STRUCTURE OF A WELLBORE

A wellbore servicing fluid comprises an aqueous base fluid, one or more alkali metal or alkali earth metal salts, at least one visocisifier, and a filtration control package. The filtration control package may comprise a carboxylic acid and an ethoxylated alcohol compound. Alternatively, the filtration control package may comprise a polyethylene glycol. The carboxylic acid may have from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. The ethoxylated alcohol compound may have a general formula R—(OCHCH)—OH, where R is a hydrocarbon having from 10 to 16 atoms and x is an integer from 6 to 9. The ethoxylated alcohol compound may have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of from 8.0 to 16.0. The polyethylene glycol may have a mass average molar mass (M) of less than or equal to 1500 daltons. 136-. (canceled)37. A method of maintaining the structure of a wellbore , the method comprising:adding a wellbore servicing fluid to a wellbore; andoperating a drill string in the presence of the wellbore servicing fluid, maintaining the structure of the wellbore; wherein xanthan gum polymer; and', from 30 wt. % to 70 wt. % of at least one carboxylic acid having from 16 to 18 carbon atoms;', [{'br': None, 'sub': 2', '2', 'X, 'R—(OCHCH)—OH; where, 'R is a hydrocarbon group having from 12 to 14 carbon atoms:', 'x is an integer from 6 to 9; and', 'the ethoxylated alcohol compound has a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value of from 12.5 to 13.5; and, 'from 30 wt. % to 70 wt. % of an ethoxylated alcohol compound having a general formula,'}], 'a filtration control package comprising], 'the wellbore servicing fluid comprises an aqueous base fluid;'}where the carboxylic acid and ethoxylated alcohol compound are present in the wellbore servicing fluid in an amount no more than 30 pounds per barrel of wellbore servicing fluid each.38. The method of claim 37 , where R is a branched isotridecyl hydrocarbon group.39. The method of claim 37 , where x is 8.40. The method of claim 37 , where the aqueous base fluid is fresh water ...

WATER-BASED COOLANT

Disclosed herein is a method of using a water-based coolant for quenching or cutting a metal material. The water-based coolant is formed of: water; at least one inorganic acid salt selected from the group consisting of a carbonate, a hydrogen carbonate, a sesquicarbonate, a phosphate, a borate, a molybdate and a tungstate; a metal corrosion inhibitor; and optionally at least one of a bactericide, a water-soluble rust inhibitor, an antioxidant and a detergent dispersant. 1: A method , comprising quenching or cutting a metal material using a water-based coolant consisting of:water;at least one inorganic acid salt selected from the group consisting of a carbonate, a hydrogen carbonate, a sesquicarbonate, a phosphate, a borate, a molybdate and a tungstate;a metal corrosion inhibitor; and optionallyat least one of a bactericide, a water-soluble rust inhibitor, an antioxidant and a detergent dispersant.2: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the metal corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one compound selected from among a benzotriazole compound claim 1 , a benzimidazole compound claim 1 , a benzothiazole compound and a benzothiadiazole compound.3: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the water-based coolant contains a bactericide.4: The method according to claim 3 , wherein a content of the bactericide in the water-based coolant is in a range from 0.001 mass % to 0.5 mass % of a total amount of the coolant.5: The method according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the inorganic acid salt in the water-based coolant is in a range from 1 mass % to 20 mass % of a total amount of the coolant.6: The method according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the metal corrosion inhibitor in the water-based coolant is in a range from 0.01 mass % to 1 mass % of a total amount of the coolant.7: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the water-based coolant includes an inorganic acid metal salt as the inorganic acid salt.8: The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

Industrial Fluid

An industrial fluid is disclosed. The fluid comprises an oleaginous component, an aqueous component, and a surfactant dispersed in the aqueous component. The average micelle diameter follows a Gaussian distribution having a mean, μ, and wherein the standard deviation σ is less than or equal to 0.2μ. The industrial fluid is also substantially free from defoamers or anti-foam compounds.

Improvements in methods and systems requiring lubrication

Methods and systems in which a shapable mass, which is processed according to the method or in the system, has a lubricant applied thereto. As it is processed in the system, the shapable mass having the lubricant applied thereto is used to transfer lubricant to a part or parts of the system.

In Situ Formation of Stable Aqueous, Semi-Aqueous or Non-Aqueous Slurry Suspensions of Gelatinous Particles for Separating and Suspending Inert and Abrasive Particles in a Carrier Medium

A stable aqueous, semi-aqueous or non-aqueous suspension medium to suspend inert organic or inorganic particles in the aqueous or polar solvent carrier containing gel particles as a separating and suspending agent for the inert organic or inorganic particle, which gel particles prevent agglomeration of the inert particles upon settling over extended periods of time. 1. A method for the suspension of inert colloidal or non-colloidal abrasive or non-abrasive inert particles in a stable aqueous , semi aqueous or organic carrier medium which comprises producing in-situ formed suspending particles , so as to establish an appropriate concentration of suspending particles to inert particles to produce sufficient interference to settling of said inert particles in said carrier medium , said carrier medium comprising a range from 0.1 to 60% by weight of the suspending particles , which differ from said inert particles , and are selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal and transition metal hydroxides , oxy hydroxides , and oxide hydrates that form in-situ said suspending particles within and inclusive of said carrier medium at a pH between 4 and 12 , the in situ formation of the suspending particles in the carrier medium resulting in the suspending particles exhibiting substantially uniform properties of having distinctly different molecular , configurational , rheological and physical structures than the carrier medium , a density greater than that of the carrier medium , visually identifiable and separate physical structure than the carrier medium , measureable size differences in a range between approximately 2-3 μm and 500 μm , and containing molecules of the carrier within which the suspending particle was formed but without a capacity for further reaction with the carrier medium , and independent of formation mechanism or origin of components , whereby said inert particles are suspended in said carrier medium by at least one of physical interference ...

Metalworking Fluid

A metalworking fluid is disclosed. The fluid comprises an oleaginous component, an aqueous component, and a surfactant dispersed in the aqueous component. The metalworking fluid is substantially free from defoamers or anti-foam compounds. 1. Metalworking fluid comprising an emulsion of:An oleaginous component;An aqueous component; andA surfactant;wherein either the oleaginous component or the aqueous component forms micelles with the surfactant, and wherein the metalworking fluid does not contain insoluble defoamers or anti-foam compounds to compensate for foaming.2. Metalworking fluid as claimed in claim 1 , wherein substantially all of the surfactant is bound within micelles of the oleaginous or the aqueous component claim 1 , such that there is substantially no unbound surfactant present in the fluid.3. Metalworking fluid as claimed in or claim 1 , wherein in use claim 1 , the emulsion is diluted or undiluted.4. Metalworking fluid as claimed in or claim 1 , wherein the metalworking fluid is an additive.5. Metalworking fluid as claimed in any of to claim 1 , wherein the micelle is a normal-phase micelle claim 1 , and the oleaginous component forms the centre of the micelle.6. Metalworking fluid as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the surface comprises at least one surfactant monomer layer.7. Metalworking fluid as claimed in any of to claim 5 , wherein the structure of the surfactant dictates the structure of the micelle.8. Metalworking fluid as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the micelle is generally spherical in structure.9. Metalworking fluid as claimed in any preceding claim claim 7 , wherein the oleaginous component comprises a lubricating composition.10. Metalworking fluid as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the lubricating composition is a Group I claim 9 , II claim 9 , II claim 9 , IV or V base oil.11. Metalworking fluid as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the lubricating composition comprises a blend of components claim 9 , at least one of which has lubricating ...

METALWORKING OIL COMPOSITION

A metalworking oil composition contains: a component (A) that is an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid; and a component (B) that is elemental sulfur, in which the metalworking oil composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C. in a range from 5 mm/s to 70 mm/s and a flash point of 200 degrees C. or more. The metalworking oil composition of the invention is suitably usable particularly in a field of a high-speed cutting work 1: A metalworking oil composition , comprising:(A) an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid; and(B) elemental sulfur,{'sup': 2', '2, 'wherein the metalworking oil composition has a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C. in a range from 5 mm/s to 70 mm/s and a flash point of 200 degrees C. or more.'}2: The metalworking oil composition according to claim 1 , wherein the polyhydric alcohol is at least one of neopentylglycol claim 1 , glycerin claim 1 , pentaerythritol and trimethylol propane.3: The metalworking oil composition according to claim 1 , wherein the ester (A) has a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C. in a range from 4 mm/s to 69 mm/s.4: The metalworking oil composition according to claim 1 , wherein a content of the elemental sulfur (B) ranges from 0.05 mass % to 1 mass % based on a total amount of the composition.5: The metalworking oil composition according to claim 1 , further comprising:(C) a sulfurized oil and fat.6: The metalworking oil composition according to claim 5 , wherein a content of the sulfurized oil and fat (C) ranges from 0.5 mass % to 30 mass % based on the total amount of the composition.7: The metalworking oil composition according to claim 5 , wherein a blending mass ratio (C)/(B) of the sulfurized oil and fat (C) to the elemental sulfur (B) ranges from 2 to 75.8: The metalworking oil composition according to claim 5 , wherein the sulfurized oil and fat (C) has a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C. in a range from 100 mm/s to 2000 mm/s.9: The metalworking oil composition according to ...

INDUSTRIAL LUBRICANT INCLUDING METAL CHALCOGENIDE PARTICLES AND PHOSPHORUS-BASED ADDITIVE

An industrial lubricant composition including an oil base selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V and combinations thereof and a phosphorus-based non-chlorine additive. The industrial lubricant also includes at least one intercalation compound of a metal chalcogenide, a carbon containing compound and a boron containing compound, wherein the intercalation compound may have a geometry that is a platelet shaped geometry, a spherical shaped geometry, a multi-layered fullerene-like geometry, a tubular-like geometry or a combination thereof. 1. An industrial lubricant composition comprising:an oil base selected from the group consisting of vegetable oil, Group I type oil, Group II type oil, Group III type oil, Group IV type oil, Group V type oil and combinations thereof;a phosphorus-based non-chlorine additive; andat least one intercalation compound of a metal chalcogenide, a carbon containing compound and a boron containing compound, wherein the intercalation compound may have a geometry that is a platelet shaped geometry, a spherical shaped geometry, a multi-layered fullerene-like geometry, a tubular-like geometry or a combination thereof, wherein the industrial lubricant is for lubricating metal substrates in working applications that change the geometry of the metal substrate.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the vegetable oil is an oil selected from the group consisting of canola oil claim 1 , coconut oil claim 1 , corn oil claim 1 , cottonseed oil claim 1 , olive oil claim 1 , palm oil claim 1 , peanut oil rapeseed oil claim 1 , safflower oil claim 1 , sesame oil claim 1 , soybean oil claim 1 , sunflower oil claim 1 , almond oil claim 1 , beech nut oil claim 1 , cashew oil claim 1 , hazelnut oil claim 1 , macadamia oil claim 1 , mongongo nut oil claim 1 , pecan oil claim 1 , pine nut oil claim 1 , pistachio oil claim 1 , walnut oil claim 1 , grapefruit seed oil claim 1 , lemon oil claim 1 , orange ...

Slideway Lubricants

The present disclosure relates to lubricating oil compositions, and in particular, lubricating oil compositions for slideway applications, additive compositions for the slideway lubricants, and methods of lubricating a machine part, such as a slideway with the lubricating oil compositions. In one aspect, the lubricating oil compositions have a composition that provides both good friction performance and good separability from metal working fluids at the same time.

Coolant for Composite Materials

The present invention concerns a coolant, present as an emulsion in the form of a concentrate, for machining fiber-reinforced plastics and material combinations containing fiber-reinforced plastics and metals; furthermore, the present invention also concerns a coolant, present as a solution in the form of concentrate, for machining fiber-reinforced plastics. 1. A coolant for use in machining processes of fiber-reinforced composites comprising one or more components selected from the group consisting of an oil component , an amino alcohol (alkanolamine) , a corrosion inhibitor , an emulsifier , a defoamer and a biocide , and each of the following:(a) a sulfurized hydrocarbon with 4 to 30 carbon atoms and 1 to 5 sulfur atoms and/or a sulfurized triglyceride with 10 to 20 carbon atoms in the fatty acid residue,(b) an ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alkyl phosphate with 12 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical,(c) a phosphoric acid ester with fatty alcohol polyglycol ether,{'sub': '10-20', '(d) a maleic acid dibutyl ester, polymerized with C-1-alkenes, and'}(e) an epoxidized ester.2. The coolant according to claim 1 , wherein the sulfurized hydrocarbon in the coolant has a concentration of 4 to 15 wt % relative to the weight of the coolant.3. The coolant according to claim 1 , wherein the ethoxylated and/or propoxylated alkyl phosphate in the coolant has a concentration of 0.5 to 6 wt % relative to the weight of the coolant.4. The coolant according to claim 1 , wherein the ester of phosphoric acid and ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohol in the coolant has a concentration of 0.5 to 6 wt % relative to the weight of the coolant.5. The coolant according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer of maleic acid dibutyl ester and C-1-alkenes in the coolant has a concentration of 2 to 6 wt % relative to the weight of the coolant.6. The coolant according to claim 1 , wherein the epoxidized triglyceride in the coolant has a concentration of 1 to 6 wt % relative to the weight of the ...

ALKOXYLATED PHOSPHATE ESTERS FOR LUBRICANT COMPOSITIONS

The present invention concerns a composition suitable for working and shaping metals, in particular providing a lubricating effect, including polymers of the following formula: [R—O(—CH(CH)—CHO—)(CH—CHO—)—]P(═O)(OH)in which: R is a linear or branched, preferably linear, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, comprising between 8 and 12 carbon atoms; n is a number, which may or may not be an integer, between 6 and 20; p is a number, which may or may not be an integer, between 4 and 25; and x is a number between 0 and 1, and in particular between 0.1 and 0.9. 2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the R group is a saturated or monounsaturated alkyl group.4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein n is between 6.5 and 15.5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein p is between 4.5 and 20.6. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein n is equal to 7.5 and p is equal to 5.8. A lubricating formulation for working or shaping metals comprising the composition according to .9. The lubricating formulation according to wherein the formulation is a lubricating formulation for cutting metals.10. The lubricating formulation according to wherein the formulation is a lubricating formulation for working or shaping aluminum.11. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein x is a number between 0.1 and 0.9.12. The composition according to claim 2 , wherein the R group is a linear claim 2 , saturated or monounsaturated alkyl group.13. The composition according to claim 4 , wherein n is between 7 and 10.14. The composition according to claim 5 , wherein p is between 4.5 and 10.15. The lubricating formulation according to claim 8 , wherein the lubricating formulation is a lubricating emulsion.16. The lubricating formulation according to wherein the formulation is a lubricating formulation for cutting aluminum. The present invention relates to additives for lubricating compositions intended for shaping and working metals, and more particularly the ...

LUBRICANT COMPOSITION

A lubricant composition is disclosed. The lubricant composition provides lubrication between metal parts, is able to clean metal parts and prevent build-up of contaminants within the lubricant composition. The lubricant composition includes a plurality of heptane aliphatic hydrocarbons, a non-heptane aliphatic hydrocarbon, a naphthenic petroleum base oil, an octadecenoic acid, and an ethoxylated alcohol. The plurality of heptane aliphatic hydrocarbons may include one-third branched heptanes, one-third cyclic heptanes, and one-third linear n-heptane. The non-heptane aliphatic hydrocarbon may be any aliphatic hydrocarbon with fewer than six carbon atoms that are not linked in a ring formation. The octadecenoic acid in the lubricant composition is generally 9-octadecenoic acid. 1. A lubricating composition comprising:a non-heptane aliphatic hydrocarbon;a plurality of heptane aliphatic hydrocarbons;a naphthenic petroleum base oil;an octadecenoic acid; and,an ethoxylated alcohol.2. The lubricating composition of wherein the non-heptane aliphatic hydrocarbon comprises six or fewer carbon atoms.3. The lubricating composition of wherein the carbon atoms are not linked together to form a ring.4. The lubricating composition of wherein the non-heptane aliphatic hydrocarbon comprises one or more of ethane claim 3 , ethene claim 3 , butane claim 3 , butene claim 3 , propane claim 3 , propene claim 3 , methylpropane claim 3 , pentane claim 3 , hexane.5. The lubricating composition of wherein the non-heptane aliphatic hydrocarbon composes between about 60% and about 70% of the lubricating composition by weight.6. The lubricating composition of wherein the plurality of heptane aliphatic hydrocarbons comprises one or more of a branched heptane claim 1 , a cyclic heptane claim 1 , and a linear n-heptane.7. The lubricating composition of wherein the plurality of heptane aliphatic hydrocarbon comprises approximately one-third of one or more branched heptanes by weight claim 6 , ...

Lubricated mechanical polishing

A lubricated mechanical polishing (LMP) process is provided that uses hard nanoparticles of less than 5 nm diameter dispersed in a fluid lubricant as a polishing slurry to produce an ultra-smooth surface on a hard metallic or non-metallic substrate with a sub-nanometer surface roughness substantially less than that produced by silica chemical mechanical polishing.

Process for producing α-olefin polymer, α-olefin polymer, and lubricating oil composition

Provided is a method of producing an α-olefin polymer including a step of polymerizing one or more kinds of α-olefins each having 6 to 20 carbon atoms with a catalyst obtained by using a specific transition metal compound. By the method, an α-olefin polymer having a viscosity suitable for use in a lubricating oil can be produced on an industrial scale with ease, and further, the characteristics of the product can be widely changed through the control of reaction conditions.

Water-based compositions for cutting and method for their preparation

본 발명은 절삭용 수계 조성물에 관한 것으로 본 발명의 절삭용 수계 조성물은 폴리알킬렌 글리콜 포스페이트 에스터를 포함함으로서 보존안정성이 높고 장기간동안 우수한 금속가공능력을 가진다. The present invention relates to a waterborne composition for cutting. The waterborne composition for cutting according to the present invention contains a polyalkylene glycol phosphate ester and has high storage stability and excellent metal processing ability for a long period of time.

Emulsifier compositions for invert emulsion fluids and methods of using the same

Drilling fluid compositions include invert emulsion fluids having an oleaginous phase, an aqueous phase, and an emulsifier composition that includes an ethoxylated alcohol compound and a polyaminated fatty acid compound. The ethoxylated alcohol compound has the formula R1—(OCH2CH2)n—OH, where R1 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms and n is from 1 to 8. The ethoxylated alcohol compound has a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) of less than or equal to 6. The polyaminated fatty acid compound has the formula R2—CO—NH—CH2—CH2—N(COR2)—CH2—CH2—NH—CO—R3, where R2 is a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and R3 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkylene carboxylate group having formula —R4—COOH, where R4 is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbylene having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms. Methods of drilling wells include operating a drill in a wellbore in the presence of drilling fluid compositions.

Spacer fluid compositions, methods, and systems for aqueous based drilling mud removal

Spacer fluids include an emulsion, a surfactant package, and at least one additive that modifies the rheology of the spacer fluid, the density of the spacer fluid, or both. The emulsion may include an aqueous external phase and a hydrocarbon-based internal phase. The surfactant package may include one or more surfactants. The surfactant package may also include a surfactant having the general structure R—(OCH2CH2)9—OH, where R is a hydrocarbyl having 12 carbon atoms, 13 carbon atoms, or 14 carbon atoms. The spacer fluid may contain at least 4.25 pounds of R—(OCH2CH2)9—OH per barrel of the spacer fluid.

Enhanced filtration control packages, wellbore servicing fluids utilizing the same, and methods of maintaining the structure of a wellbore

A wellbore servicing fluid comprises an aqueous base fluid, one or more alkali metal or alkali earth metal salts, at least one visocisifier, and a filtration control package. The filtration control package may comprise a carboxylic acid and an ethoxylated alcohol compound. Alternatively, the filtration control package may comprise a polyethylene glycol. The carboxylic acid may have from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. The ethoxylated alcohol compound may have a general formula R—(OCH 2 CH 2 ) x —OH, where R is a hydrocarbon having from 10 to 16 atoms and x is an integer from 6 to 9. The ethoxylated alcohol compound may have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of from 8.0 to 16.0. The polyethylene glycol may have a mass average molar mass (M w ) of less than or equal to 1500 daltons.

Cement slurries, cured cement and methods of making and use thereof

Cement slurries, cured cements, and methods of making cured cement and methods of using cement slurries are provided. The cement slurries have, among other attributes, improved rheology, such as improved flowability and pumpability and may be used, for instance, in the oil and gas drilling industry. The cement slurry contains water, a cement precursor material and a surfactant having the formula R—(OC2H4)x—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group comprising from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10. The cured cement have improved strength and density properties due to reduced fluid loss and even placement during curing. The cured cement contains a surfactant having the formula R—(OC2H4)x—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group comprising from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10.

Development of anti-bit balling fluids

Anti-bit balling drilling fluids and methods of making and using drilling fluids are provided. The anti-bit balling drilling fluid contains water, a clay-based component, and at least one of a surfactant having the formula: R—(OC2H4)x—OH, where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10, or a polyethylene glycol having the formula: H—(O—CH2—CH2)n—OH, where n is an integer from 1 to 50. Methods of making and using these drilling fluids are also provided.

Anti-bit balling drilling fluids, and methods of making and use thereof

Anti-bit balling drilling fluids and methods of making and using drilling fluids are provided. The anti-bit balling drilling fluid contains water, a clay-based component, and a polyethylene glycol having the formula: H—(O—CH2—CH2)n—OH, where n is an integer from 1 to 50.

Development of anti-bit balling fluids

Anti-bit balling drilling fluids and methods of making and using drilling fluids are provided. The anti-bit balling drilling fluid contains water, a clay-based component, and at least one of a surfactant having the formula: R—(OC2H4)x—OH, where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10, or a polyethylene glycol having the formula: H—(O—CH2—CH2)n—OH, where n is an integer from 1 to 50. Methods of making and using these drilling fluids are also provided.

Methods of using drilling fluid compositions with enhanced rheology

Drilling fluid compositions include a base fluid, at least one additive chosen from an emulsifier, weighting material, fluid-loss additive, viscosifier, or alkali compound, and from 0.1 wt. % to 1 wt. %, based on total weight of the drilling fluid composition, of an ethoxylated alcohol compound having the formula R—(OCH2CH2)7—OH, in which R is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbyl group having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. The base fluid may be an aqueous base fluid. Methods for drilling a subterranean well include operating a drill in a wellbore in the presence of a drilling fluid composition including the base fluid, the additive, and the ethoxylated alcohol compound.

Drilling fluid compositions with enhanced rheology and methods of using same

Drilling fluid compositions include a base fluid, at least one additive chosen from an emulsifier, weighting material, fluid-loss additive, viscosifier, or alkali compound, and from 0.1 wt. % to 1 wt. %, based on total weight of the drilling fluid composition, of an ethoxylated alcohol compound having the formula R—(OCH 2 CH 2 ) 7 —OH, in which R is a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched hydrocarbyl group having from 8 to 20 carbon atoms. The base fluid may be an aqueous base fluid. Methods for drilling a subterranean well include operating a drill in a wellbore in the presence of a drilling fluid composition including the base fluid, the additive, and the ethoxylated alcohol compound.

Spacer fluid compositions that include surfactants

In one embodiment, a spacer fluid may comprise a base fluid and a surfactant package. The surfactant package may comprise one or more surfactants, where the surfactant package comprises a first surfactant having the chemical structure R—(OC 2 H 4 ) x —OH. R may be a hydrocarbyl group having from 9 to 20 carbon atom, and x may be an integer from 5 and 15. The first surfactant may have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of from 12 to 13.5.

Dispersant in cement formulations for oil and gas wells

Cement slurries, cured cements, and methods of making cured cement and methods of using cement slurries are provided. The cement slurries have, among other attributes, improved rheology, such as improved flowability and pumpability and may be used, for instance, in the oil and gas drilling industry. The cement slurry contains water, a cement precursor material and a surfactant having the formula R—(OC 2 H 4 ) x —OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group comprising from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10. The cured cement have improved strength and density properties due to reduced fluid loss and even placement during curing. The cured cement contains a surfactant having the formula R—(OC 2 H 4 ) x —OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group comprising from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10.

Lubricants for water-based drilling fluids

Embodiments are directed to a lubricant package for water based drilling fluids. The lubricant package includes water, a polyethylene glycol, and a lubricating agent. The lubricating agent includes triethanolamine, or a C12-C14 alcohol ethoxylate, or a combination of triethanolamine and C12-C14 alcohol ethoxylate. The weight ratio of the polyethylene glycol to the lubricating agent in the lubricant package is from 1:2 to 2:1. Embodiments are also directed to a water-based drilling fluid composition including an aqueous base fluid, one or more additives, and the lubricant package for water based drilling fluids.

Invert emulsion based drilling fluid and methods of using same

A drilling fluid composition which includes a base fluid, one or more additives, and a viscosifier package. The base fluid is an invert emulsion comprising oil and water. Further, the one or more additives is chosen from an emulsifier, a weighting material, a fluid-loss control additive, or an alkaline compound. The viscosifier package includes a fatty acid having 6 or more carbon atoms and an aliphatic polyester. The drilling fluid composition has a yield point of from 30 lb f /100 ft 2 to 100 lb f /100 ft 2 and a low shear yield point of from 10 lb f /100 ft 2 to 40 lb f /100 ft 2 . The associated method of drilling a subterranean well including operating a drill in a wellbore in the presence of the drilling fluid composition is also provided.

Development of retarded acid system

In one embodiment, a retarded acid system comprises an aqueous acid and a retarding surfactant. The aqueous acid may comprise from 5 wt. % to 25 wt. % of a strong acid, that is, an acid having a K a greater than or equal to 0.01. The aqueous acid may further comprise from 75 wt. % to 95 wt. % water. The retarding surfactant may have the general chemical formula R—(OC 2 H 4 ) X —OH where R is a hydrocarbon having from 11 to 15 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 6 to 10. The retarding surfactant may have a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance from 8 to 16.

Dispersant in cement formulations for oil and gas wells

Cement slurries, cured cements, and methods of making cured cement and methods of using cement slurries are provided. The cement slurries have, among other attributes, improved rheology, such as improved flowability and pumpability and may be used, for instance, in the oil and gas drilling industry. The cement slurry contains water, a cement precursor material and a surfactant having the formula R—(OC2H4)x—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group comprising from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10. The cured cement have improved strength and density properties due to reduced fluid loss and even placement during curing. The cured cement contains a surfactant having the formula R—(OC2H4)x—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group comprising from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10.

Development of anti-bit balling fluids

Anti-bit balling drilling fluids and methods of making and using drilling fluids are provided. The anti-bit balling drilling fluid contains water, a clay-based component, and at least one of a surfactant having the formula: R—(OC 2 H 4 ) x —OH, where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and x is an integer from 1 and 10, or a polyethylene glycol having the formula: H—(O—CH 2 —CH 2 ) n —OH, where n is an integer from 1 to 50. Methods of making and using these drilling fluids are also provided.

Cement slurries, cured cements and methods of making and use thereof

Cement slurries, cured cements, and methods of making cured cement and methods of using cement slurries are provided. The cement slurry contains water, a cement precursor material, an alcohol surfactant having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid comprising an aliphatic chain having from 16 to 18 carbons. In some embodiments, the alcohol surfactant may comprise the formula R—(OC2H4)x—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbons and x is an integer from 1 to 10. The cured cement contains water, cement, an alcohol surfactant having from 10 to 20 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid comprising an aliphatic chain having from 16 to 18 carbons. In some embodiments, the alcohol surfactant may comprise the formula R—(OC2H4)x—OH where R is a hydrocarbyl group having from 10 to 20 carbons and x is an integer from 1 to 10.

Soluble cutting distraction and its manufacturing method based on electric water

The present invention relates to a water-soluble cutting fluid based on electrolyzed water and a method for manufacturing the same. More particularly, a water-soluble cutting fluid is manufactured on the basis of electrolyzed water instead of water, thereby reducing the amount of inorganic alkali, which is conventionally added to raise the pH during manufacturing of water-soluble cutting fluid. Accordingly, the manufacturing cost is reduced, a quality better than the quality of conventional water-soluble cutting fluid can be obtained, and the use of chemicals are controlled to provide no harm effect to the human body. Rust prevention, sterilization, deodorization, and cleaning functions can be obtained simultaneously.

Non-water-soluble cutting oil

본 발명은 비수용성 절삭유에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 우수한 극압성능 및 비산방지성능 효과를 갖는 비수용성 절삭유에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to a water-insoluble cutting oil, and more particularly, to a water-insoluble cutting oil having excellent extreme pressure performance and an anti-scattering performance effect.

Nanoparticle graphite-based minimum quantity lubrication method and composition

A lubricant composition is disclosed that includes (a) a machining oil and (b) an exfoliated graphite nanoparticle (EGN) material stably dispersed in the machining oil. The lubricant composition is a stable suspension and is suitable for use as a liquid lubricant in a Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) process. In the MQL process, the lubricant composition is applied/transferred to a worksite in the form of a mist. The presence of the EGN material in the lubricant composition provides high-temperature stability and lubricity under MQL conditions. A very small amount is transferred especially at high cutting speeds where the mist of the machining oil evaporates, but the EGN material remains on the surface to provide lubricity. Any operation involving machining can benefit from this lubricant composition. The method provides important benefits of reducing chipping on cutting tools and providing the additional lubricity especially when the cutting become very hot and thus extending tool life.

Concentrate for producing a cooling and release agent or a cooling and lubricating agent and such cooling and release agents and cooling and lubricating agents

A concentrate for producing a cooling and release agent for reusable casting dies such as a steel casting die, or a cooling and lubricating agent for machining with an active substance dissolved in water. The concentrate comprises 10 to 50 wt.-% of a protein based on the weight of the concentrate.

An apparatus comprising correction apparatus for a automatic lathe

The present invention relates to a processing apparatus for cutting and grinding comprising a correction apparatus for an automatic lathe, and more specifically, to a processing apparatus for cutting and grinding comprising a correction apparatus for an automatic lathe, which has an improved reliability and work efficiency for processed material by automatically and accurately correcting the thermal deformation of a ball screw, if a deformation is occurred due to heat generated from the operation of the ball screw for moving a moving means which performs various processing performances including a high precision machining, and etc.

Eco-friendly cutting water composition for ferrous metals

The present invention relates to a cutting water composition for a ferrous metal, which is sprayed to a ferrous metal workpiece and a cutting tool to absorb friction heat and to reduce a kinetic friction coefficient for smooth processing so as to reduce abrasion of the cutting tool, does not use an existing cutting oil not to occur decomposition during remaining on a tool so as to hygienically maintain a working environment, and includes hydrophilic components to prevent an environmental pollution by wastewater. The eco-friendly cutting water composition for a ferrous metal of the present invention is produced by adding an antioxidant to an aqueous solution including water, strong alkaline electrolyzed water, a surfactant, a water soluble additive, an organic nitrogen-based compound, and an antibacterial agent, and has pH 9 to 12.5.

Eco-friendly cutting water for non-ferrous metals

The present invention relates to a cutting water for a non-ferrous metal, which is sprayed to a ferrous metal workpiece and a cutting tool to absorb friction heat and to reduce a kinetic friction coefficient for smooth processing so as to reduce abrasion of the cutting tool, does not use an existing cutting oil not to occur decomposition during remaining on a tool so as to hygienically maintain a working environment, and includes hydrophilic components to prevent an environmental pollution by wastewater. The cutting water for a nonferrous metal of the present invention is produced by adding a multifunctional agent to an aqueous solution including water, strong alkaline electrolyzed water, triethanol amine (TEA), sodium tetraborate, an organic nitrogen-based compound, poly-quaternary ammonium chloride, and has pH 9 to 12.5.

Self-emulsifying eco-friendly lubricant oil that using modified fatty acid and preparation method thereof

The present invention relates to a water-soluble cutting oil composition comprising a self-emulsifying environmentally friendly lubricant oil using modified fatty acids and a method for producing the same. The water-soluble cutting oil using the modified condensate using the polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether according to the present invention is superior in lubricity to the conventional water-soluble lubricating oil, has a low manufacturing cost, Is simple and exhibits self-emulsifying properties. It is not necessary to use petroleum oil derived from a petroleum-based lubricant separately and it can be effectively used as an environmentally friendly water-soluble cutting oil which shows excellent emulsification stability only by use of a small amount of additives and exhibits excellent lubrication performance due to low coefficient of friction and durability, , Firing share, metal surface treatment agent, and the like.

Use of zeolites for stabilizing oils

The present invention relates to the use of zeolites or of agglomerates based on zeolites in order to improve the thermal stability of oils and the invention is targeted in particular at the use of these zeolitic compounds for stabilizing the oils or the formulations based on oils participating in the composition of refrigerants.

Minimum amount of lubricating compositions and uses thereof

본 발명은 윤활제 조성물 및 이의 금속가공 분야에 있어서 최소량 윤활용으로의 용도에 관한 것이다. 조성물은 조성물의 총 중량에 대하여 유화제 0.05 내지 5 중량% 및 조성물을 최대 100%까지 만드는 지방족 C 16-24 알코올의 양을 포함한다. 유화제는 지방 알코올 폴리알킬렌 글리콜 에테르들, 글리콜산 알콕실레이트 알킬 에테르들 또는 이들의 혼합물들로부터 선택된다.

Non-water-soluble cutting oil

본 발명은 비수용성 절삭유에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 우수한 극압성능 및 비산방지성능 효과를 갖는 비수용성 절삭유에 관한 것이다.

Coating for high temperature applications with tribological stress

The present invention relates to a coating for high-temperature applications with tribological stress. The coating comprises a multi-layer system and a top lubrication layer, the top lubricant layer containing, as a main component, molybdenum.

Water-soluble metal working oil agent

금속 재료의 절삭 가공, 연삭 가공 등에 사용된 때에, 미스트로 되어 비산하는 것이 장기간에 걸쳐 억제되는 수용성 금속 가공 유제, 및 그 제조 방법을 제공한다. 본 발명의 수용성 금속 가공 유제는 중량 평균 분자량이 100,000 ~ 1,000,000의 폴리알킬렌옥사이드와 물을 포함한다.

Esters for drilling emulsions and metal working fluids

The present invention relates to an emulsion comprising at least (a) an organic phase, (b) a water phase and (c) an ester based on an ether carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Also within the ambit of the invention is the use of an ester as defined in (c) as emulsifier, as a thickening agent and/or as an anti-foaming agent in particular in drilling emulsions and metal working fluids.

Corrosion inhibitor comprising cellulose nanocrystals and cellulose nanocrystals in combination with a corrosion inhibitor

The present invention relates to a corrosion inhibitor comprising cellulose nanocrystals. According to another aspect, there is provided a corrosion-inhibiting agent essentially consisting of a plurality of cellulose nanocrystals. The above set out cellulose nanocrystals may be in free form, such as acid-form cellulose nanocrystals, in one embodiment and added to a carrier. The cellulose nanocrystals may be effective in inhibiting ferrous and non-ferrous metals. According to a further aspect, the invention relates to a corrosion-inhibiting composition comprising a corrosion inhibitor and the above set out corrosion-inhibiting agent in an effective combination to inhibit corrosion of metals. The composition may be effective in inhibiting ferrous metals when the cellulose nanocrystals are in either salt or free form. The composition may be effective in inhibiting corrosion of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals when the cellulose nanocrystals are in free form.

Water-soluble metalworking fluid, metalworking liquid, and metalworking method

Provided are a water-soluble metalworking oil agent (cutting oil agent or grinding oil agent) and a metalworking liquid, each of which has excellent cutting machining performance or grinding machining performance of aluminum or aluminum alloys, hardly causes rotting deterioration, and has excellent emulsion dispersion stability and stability of undiluted liquid, by containing specified components (A) to (E) as essential components without containing a machinability-improving agent with a high environmental load, such as chlorine, sulfur, and phosphorus. Provided is also a metalworking method using the same.

Rust preventive oil composition

A rust preventive oil composition containing a first mineral oil that is a mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 6 mm 2 /s or less, a second mineral oil that is a mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 250 mm 2 /s or more, a fatty acid amine salt, an ester, and one or more rust preventive agents selected from the group consisting of a sarcosine-type compound, a nonionic surfactant, a sulfonic acid salt, an amine, a carboxylic acid, a fatty acid amine salt, a carboxylic acid salt, a paraffin wax, an oxidized wax salt, and a boron compound.

각질 제거 연마용판 제조방법

본 발명은 목재 및 금속재로 이루어지는 연마용판 표면에 연마석과 에폭시수지와 분체분말를 혼합한 후 분말 상태로 건조처리하는 혼합분말건조단계(S10); 에폭시계열 잉크를 이용하여 실크 인쇄하는 실크인쇄단계(S20); 상기 혼합분말건조단계(S10)에 의해 얻게 되는 분말화되며, 표면에 에폭시 수지와 분체분말이 부착된 연마석을 상기 실크인쇄단계(S20)에 의해 인쇄처리된 연마용판 표면에 살포하게 되는 연마석 살포단계(S30); 상기 연마석 살포단계(S30)를 거친 연마용판을 가열로에서 190℃의 온도 조건에서 12분간 소성 처리하는 소성 단계(S40); 상기 소성 단계(S40)를 거친 연마용판의 표면에 묽게 처리한 에폭시 수지를 이용하여 코팅 처리하는 코팅 단계(S50)으로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하여, 물에 의한 세척이 가능함은 물론 각질 제거를 위한 연마용판에 접착되는 연마석이, 사용과정에서 또는 오랜 기간의 사용에 의하더라도 그 연마용판에서 탈거 되는 현상을 완벽하게 방지할 수 있어 각질 제거 효율성을 높일 수 있으며 이로 인한 제품의 신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있는 효과를 갖는 각질 제거 연마용판 제조방법에 관한 것이다.

Oil composition for electrical discharge machining

An electrical discharge machining oil composition of the invention includes an organic acid metal salt and a base oil, in which the organic acid metal salt is an organic acid salt of a metal having an electronegativity on Pauling scale of 2 or less, and the present composition has a volume resistivity at 80 degrees C. of 2×10 −5 TΩ·m or more and a kinematic viscosity at 40 degrees C. in a range from 0.5 mm 2 /s to 10 mm 2 /s.

Water based metal working fluid composition

This invention is a composition of an ester resulting from the reaction of an oligomer of ethylene oxide in presence or a catalyst, with fatty acids. The resulting water based metal working fluid additive is useful as it imparts property of stable micro-emulsion and helps improving the wear life, coefficient of friction and other tribological properties among other uses.

Concentrated metalworking fluid and metalworking process

A concentrated metalworking fluid comprising from 60 to 90 percent by weight base oil selected from the group consisting of water soluble polyalkylene glycols, methoxypolyethylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, and combinations of two or more thereof; from 5 to 20 percent by weight glycol ether; from 0.01 to 5 percent by weight oil soluble polyalkylene glycol; and from 0.2 to 6 percent by weight one or more additives selected from the group consisting of anti-weld agents, corrosion inhibitors, extreme pressure additives, buffers, biocides, lubricity additives, and combinations of two or more thereof is provided. Further provided is a metalworking process.

Polyalkylene glycol-grafted polycarboxylate suspension and dispersing agent for cutting fluids and slurries

Cutting fluids for brittle materials, e.g., silicon ingot, comprise, in weight percent: A. 70-99% polyalkylene glycol (PAG), e.g., polyethylene glycol; B. 0.01-10% PAG-grafted polycarboxylate; and C. 0-30% water. These cutting fluids are used with abrasive materials, e.g., silicon carbide (SiC), to form cutting slurries. The slurry is sprayed on the cutting tool, e.g., a wire saw, to cut a brittle work piece, e.g., a silicon ingot.

Aqueous working fluid

A water-soluble working fluid of the invention is used for cutting a brittle material using a wire saw. The water-soluble working fluid is provided by blending water, alkylene oxide adduct of acethylene glycol, and glycols. The water-soluble working fluid of the invention is capable of providing favorable cutting accuracy when the brittle material is cut using a wire, and thus is suitable for cutting out a large-diameter wafer. The water-soluble working fluid of the invention is especially suitably applicable to an abrasive-grain-fixed wire saw.

Entry sheet for drilling and drilling method

Provided is an entry sheet for drilling that, compared with a conventional entry sheet for drilling, has better hole position accuracy, can suppress drill bit breakage, and exhibits less processing chips wrapping around the drill bit. This entry sheet for drilling includes a metallic support foil and a layer comprising a resin composition that is formed on at least one surface of the metallic support foil, wherein the resin composition contains a cellulose derivative (A) and a water-soluble resin (B), the cellulose derivative (A) includes a hydroxyalkyl cellulose and/or a carboxyalkyl cellulose having a weight average molecular weight of 20,000 to 350,000, and based on 100 parts by mass of the resin composition, the content of the cellulose derivative (A) is 5 to 40 parts by mass and the content of the water-soluble resin (B) is 60 to 95 parts by mass.

Aqueous cutting fluid composition

A water-based cutting fluid that comprises water and a water-soluble polyalkylene glycol (PAG) having cloud point from 30° C. to 80° C. The cutting fluid is water-based, i.e., it comprises at least 50 percent by weight (wt %) water. The cutting fluids are well suited for use with diamond wiresaws for the cutting of silicon ingots. The fluids exhibit one or more of low hydrogen generation, no wafer cleaning issues, good lubricity, good cooling efficiency, good swarf suspension and dispersion, low foaming, are generally non-sensitive to metal ions, and are nonflammable.

Water-soluble metalworking oil agent, metalworking fluid, and metalworking method

The invention provides a water-soluble metal-working oil agent, including a component A, a component B, a component C, and a component D, wherein the component A is an ester compound which has a characteristic temperature, as measured in accordance with JIS K2242, of 570° C. or higher and which is contained in the water-soluble metal-working oil agent in an amount of 10 mass % or more with respect to the entire amount of the agent; the component B is at least one condensed fatty acid which is selected from a condensed fatty acid (1), produced through dehydration condensation of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, and a condensed fatty acid (2), produced through dehydration condensation of an alcoholic hydroxyl group of the condensed fatty acid (1) with a monovalent carboxylic acid, which has a characteristic temperature, as measured in accordance with JIS K2242, of 650° C. or higher, and which is contained in the water-soluble metal-working oil agent in an amount of 7.5 mass % or more with respect to the entire amount of the agent; the component C is a carboxylic acid which is contained in the water-soluble metal-working oil agent in an amount of 2 mass % or more with respect to the entire amount of the agent; and the component D is a basic compound contained in such a neutralization equivalent that at least the component B and component C are neutralized to cancel out the sum of the acid values thereof. The agent can provide excellent workability with a hard-to-work material and can prolong tool life.

Complex polyester composition, lubricant composition, lubricant, and production method for complex polyester composition

An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricant which has excellent lubrication performance and is able to exhibit excellent lubrication performance even when under extreme pressure conditions. The present invention relates to a complex polyester composition containing polyester obtained by condensing polyhydric alcohol having at least two hydroxyl groups, a dicarboxylic acid having 44 carbon atoms, and monohydric alcohol. Further, the present invention relates to a lubricant composition containing the complex polyester composition, and a lubricant and a production method for a complex polyester composition.

Water-soluble metalworking oil agent, metalworking fluid, and metalworking method

The invention provides a water-soluble metal-working oil agent, including a component A and a component B, wherein the component A is a mineral oil which has a characteristic temperature, as measured in accordance with JIS K2242, of 570° C. or higher, and the component B is at least one condensed fatty acid which is selected from a condensed fatty acid (1), produced through dehydration condensation of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, and a condensed fatty acid (2), produced through dehydration condensation of an alcoholic hydroxyl group of the condensed fatty acid (1) with a monovalent carboxylic acid, which has a characteristic temperature, as measured in accordance with JIS K2242, of 650° C. or higher. The agent can provide excellent workability with a hard-to-work material and can prolong tool life.

Methods and compositions for reducing wear of surfaces in contact with one another

A method for reducing wear between two surfaces in sliding contact with one another includes introducing nanoparticles between the two surfaces in an amount and having a composition that results in shear lines being generated within at least one agglomerated wear particle that is generated between the two surfaces as a result of the sliding contact, and subjecting the agglomerated wear particles to at least one load, using at least one of the two surfaces, such that the agglomerated wear particles disassemble along the shear lines into multiple smaller wear particles.

Coatings for high-temperatures uses with tribological stress

The present invention relates to a coating for high-temperature uses with tribological stress. The coating comprises a multi-layer system and a top lubricant layer, the top lubricant layer containing molybdenum as a main component.

Water-soluble cutting fluid for slicing silicon ingots

A water-soluble cutting fluid for slicing silicon ingots is characterized in that it includes a monoprotic or diprotic aliphatic carboxylic acid (A) having a carbon number (including the carbon in the carbonyl group) of 4˜10, and either a polyprotic organic acid (B) with ΔpKa of 0.9˜2.3 as defined by the following formula (1) or a salt (BA) of said organic acid (B) as essential components: ΔpKa=(pKa 2 )−(pKa 1 )  (1) wherein the dissociation stage, at which the organic acid (B) denoted as n-protic acid H n A, becomes H n-1 A+H + is numbered 1 with an acid dissociation constant expressed as pKa 1 , and the dissociation stage at which the organic acid (B) becomes H n-2 A+H + is numbered as 2 with an acid dissociation constant expressed as pKa 2 .