EMULSION FOR METAL WORKING.

Claims 1. emulsion for metal working, type

huiledans

-to-

l'eau

, with good stability and a dilutable in all proportions, based triglyceride oils, said emulsion being usable for metal working, for the chip-removing machining, and for pressing and rolling, characterized in that it comprises an oil phase dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase, the oil phase being comprised of:0.5 to 50 parts by weight of the triglyceride oil now to 0.1 parts by weight of a fatty acid monoglyceride 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of fatty acids, and 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of an alkanolamine, and the water phase comprising of:lambdag 0.05 it 3 parts by weight of alkali soaps of fatty acids, and to 98 parts by weight of water.2. emulsion for metal working according to claim 1, in concentrated form, characterized in that the oil phase consists of:to 50 parts by weight of the triglyceride oil 2 to 10 parts by weight of monoglyceride of fatty acids 1 to 10 parts by weight of fatty acid, and 1 to 10 parts by weight of an alkanolamine, and the aqueous phase consists of:0.05 to 3 parts by weight of alkali soaps of fatty acids, and to 60 parts by weight of water.3. emulsion for metal working according to claim 1, to the ready state, characterized in that the oil phase consists of:0.05 to 10 parts by weight of the triglyceride oil 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of fatty acid monoglyceride 0.05 to 2 parts by weight of fatty acid 0.05 to I part by weight of a

aleanolamine

, and the aqueous phase consists of:except 1, characterized in that the alkanolamine is preferably triethanolamine.9. emulsion for metal working according to claim 1, characterized in that the fatty acid soaps

alealins

are sodium or potassium soaps of fatty acids having a count lower than 25 °c, and is preferably sodium or potassium oleate.Emulsion for metal working according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains, instead of 40% of the weight of 20 to the triglyceride oil, an additive for high pressure consisting of a triglyceride oil slightly chlorinated or sulfurized.0.05 to 0.5 part by weight of fatty acid soaps

alealins

, and 90 to 98 parts by weight of water.4. emulsion for metal working according to claim 1, characterized in that the bubble triglyceride is a fatty oil, liquid at room temperature and containing at least 45% by weight of oleic acid, for example bubble olive, peanut oil or canola oil type low erucic acid content, or the low melting point of a fat; e.g. palm olein olein or animal.Emulsion for metal working according to claim 1, characterized in that the fatty acids of the

monoglyeéride

fatty acids are fatty acids in c or c/16 and 18, with at least 40% by weight of oleic acid, the monoglyceride of fatty acids consisting preferably of the oleic acid monoglyceride.The present invention relates to an emulsion having lubricant properties and refrigerating, designed for use in metal working by shaping, and mainly in the chip-removing machining, but which is also suitable for pressing and rolling.In the operations of machining suchre uests in that boring, turning, rolling, tapping and grinding, are the usual cutting liquid to 2" bubble based mineral and derivatives, primarily because of the relatively low price of mineral oils. In most cases, these products are aqueous emulsions, and the requirements for the metalworking industry, use is made of many additives, for example extreme pressure additives, which improve the lubrication.During recent years, the greater attention to the environment of the work and an industrial safety levels of interest for a new type of liquid 3s metalworking. The products used to present in the metal working industry are causes of an environment that leaves a lot and medical complaints.The products based on mineral bubbles are the cause of the fumes and mists on work sites and fouling on the machinery and around the machines. The mineral oil and the additives used can cause skin irritation, eczema and allergic reactions. Upon prolonged exposure of the skin, the risk of cancer exist and the

inhalafions

fumes and mists 4s oils cause diseases of the lungs. Recently, several reports have indicated the presence of carcinogenic substances in the cutting liquid. The bubbles mineral contain polyaromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. alphabenzopyrenes. Due to the high temperatures that prevail in the c0 cutting zone, it is also likely

quïl

forms polyaromatic compounds in use products.Further, legislation relating to environmental pollution provides stringent requirements for the treatment of wastewaters from the metal working industry.cS in the technology of the purification are emulsions and degreasing baths used has become complicated, because the product development resulted in the use of a number of progressively larger additives and emulsifying systems more stable. As a result, the treatment liquids of 6. emulsion for metal working according as described 60 spent cutting,

pñncipalement

emulsions, has become very except 1,

caractéñsée

the monoglyceride of fatty acids complicated and costly.is a technical product obtained through esterification of the small business enterprises must employ a triglyceride oil glycerol

teile

defined in the specialized destruction, and only the most important companies claim 4. have proper installation of breaking of the emulsion 7. metal working according

revendicans

emulsions which, however, does not work always of TiON 1, characterized in that the fatty acid has a count less than satisfactorily. Break emulsions gives a 25 °c and is preferably oleic acid, aqueous phase to be further processed in instal8. Emulsion for metal working according

revendicalayions

conventional wastewater treatment, and a slurry 639687 oil which is to be rejected or, at best, used as fuel. Reuse of the oil is impracticable.As a result, industry is very interested

uñ

novel liquid cutting for which it provides many requirements:- harmful effects on workers and on the environment should be minimal; - they must cause very little fumes and mists oils; - they must be shifted easily after use without posing a problem rejection; - they must have a composition uncomplicated design, having only a small number of additives; - they must resist attack by the microorganisms.However, to obtain an emulsion having lubricating properties and refrigerating products based on mineral oils, it is necessary to rely on other components.It has thus been found using an amine such as a S alkanolamine, for example triethanolamine, is dramatically the wetting properties of the emulsion and thus its effects refrigerants. It has also been found that the addition of a free fatty acid to glyceride oil increased upon its lubricating properties. In fact, dearth LO and the fatty acid are present in most cases to the state of mutual LEL,

c'est

to say soap.According to the invention, the emulsion metalworking is characterized in that it comprises an oil phase dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase, oily phase consisting of ite:0.5 to 50 parts by weight of a triglyceride oil; 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a fatty acid monoglyceride; 0.05 to I 0 parts by weight of a fatty acid, and 0.05 to 10 parts by weight of an alkanolamine, fatty oils,

c'est

i.e. vegetable and animal fats and oils, are by nature raw materials suitable for preparing lubricants have been used very widely in the beginnings before the bubbles mineral less expensive completely dominate the market. In contrast to mineral oils, fatty oils are renewable, will not pollute the environment and can be degraded completely by biological processes.For the cutting or grinding metals, like manner operate most advantageously includes providing a cutting liquid in the form of an aqueous emulsion, type

huiledans

-to-

l'eau

, to achieve a better cooling effect concurrently with a good lubricating effect the fat portion. Economically, an aqueous emulsion has major advantages.Such emulsions may in fact be prepared at concentrations ready-to-use, but in transporting and handling, it is more convenient by first preparing a concentrate that can be subsequently diluted with water by the user,

c'est

to say in the metal working industry.The requirements posed to such an emulsion concentrate reside in good stability and dilution and easy in all ratios by water, leading to a stable emulsion 4s diluting. In order to prepare such an emulsion, needed special emulsifiers (surfactants). Agents can be used

tensia

-active synthetic potent, but because of the risk of health and the environment that have been mentioned above, it should be avoided that OS such surfactants.The owner has sought to prepare an emulsion metalworking, oil-in-

l'eau

, based triglyceride oils, which is sufficiently stable and can be diluted in all ratios and which at the same time, the products used and Compass

rativementã

present, whose properties

ã

against pollution and safety leave a lot to be desired, would possess sufficient lubricating properties.Other purposes and advantages of the invention will appear upon reading the description hereinafter near.The owner has surprisingly found that starting from triglyceride oils, one can prepare an emulsion for meeting the requirements of stability and ability to dilution using an emulsifier system consisting of monoglycerides of fatty acids and alkali soaps of fatty acids is checked. Alone are used as "natural" components and a high safety, meet the requirements posed products from the point of view of the environment.and the aqueous phase consisting of:0.05 to 3 parts by weight of an alkali salt of fatty acids, and Zs 45 to 98 parts by weight of water.The fatty components are used at higher ratios the among those defined above for the preparation of the emulsion concentrates, which, as has been said above, are usually prepared in the manufacturers, and the weakest amounts are used for the preparation of the ready-made emulsions.For the preparation of the oil phase, dissolving the fatty acid monoglyceride, fatty acid and the amine aces in the triglyceride oil at a temperature of 40 to 70 °c. For preparing the aqueous phase, dissolving the alkali soap at a temperature of 20 to 70 °c, preferably 20 to 40 °c.Mixed slowly the oil phase into the aqueous phase under agitation at a temperature of 20 to 50 °c.To prepare!in ES emulsions ready-to-use, it suffices to exert a stirring just sufficient to provide a stable emulsion and for preparing the emulsion concentrates, homogenizing the product usually must be.The homogenization is preferably performed at a temperature of 40 to 60 °c in a conventional-type homogenizer.The triglyceride oil may be an animal or vegetable oil or a mixture of such oils whose solidification point is obviously low to permit convenient manipulations of the emulsion to the concentrated state as to the ready state, but, also, must be substantially free of fatty acids such as linolenic acid in order to avoid difficulties due to oxidation and polymerization. Oil must therefore be preferably liquid at room temperature and have an oleic acid content of at least 40%. From the viewpoint of efficiency, especially well suited to the oils are olive oil, peanut oil and oil rape erucic acid. Also obtained excellent results with the fractions with a low melting point of certain fats, and for example with palm olein ".The

monoglycéñde

fatty acid should be "soft" type,

c'est

to say that it must have a melting point of less than 60 °c. The best product is the pure oleic acid monoglyceride, but can be used for other products of commerce and for example the product sold under the trademark

Dimodan

s by dealer

Grindstedvaerket

, Denmark, which is a monoglyceride obtained by molecular distillation from a refined edible lard, at a content meteoro 639687, 4 w fatty acids corresponding to 30% palmitic acid, stearic acid and 18% 40% oleic acid.Can also be used "technical" monoglycerides, prepared by glycerolysis (esterification to glycerol) oil rape erucic acid for example, s them products containing 4ò to 60% monoglyceride are easily prepared without using complicated apparatuses, hence its interest. Naturally, if the OH uses such products, regulation must be the relative proportions between the triglyceride oil and the product of glycerolysis

parlo

so as to come to a correct monoglyceride content in the emulsion. The monoglyceride oil soluble is used primarily by reason of

tensia

-active, as lipophilic component of the emulsifying system. The

tensia

-activity is also accompanied with a wetting effect Is that enhances the lubricating effect of the oil.Preferably the fatty acid is oleic acid. The requirements posed to this component are the same as those the oil and at

monoglyeéride

: it is to be liquid at room temperature,

c'est

to say have a count lower than 25 °c, it should not contain significant amounts of unsaturated higher homologs.It has been found that fatty acid found to increase considerably the lubricating effect. On the other hand, the presence of the fatty acid prevents the formations of smells in

opéra2s

ing machining the highest standards, and it is believed that this phenomenon is due in part to improved lubricating effect by the fatty acid and in part to the soap formation of dearth and the fatty acid.As alkanolamine, used preferably an amine containing 2 to 4 a0 carbon atoms in the alkanol radical.The triethanolamine is especially suited for use: it has good wetting properties and rust and also has the advantage of being safe dermatologically, what is obvious if it remembers its

utilisaas

ing many cosmetic products.The fatty acid soap LEL is advantageously a sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid in c12-to-c22, and more often in c or c 6 8 (palmitic acid or stearic acid). Potassium stearate results for slightly higher than those achieved with PREA sodium stearate, but if the OH uses stearates, needed also demineralized water to prevent precipitation of calcium and magnesium soaps. When using soaps oleic acid, (sodium or potassium) is completely bypasses this pro4s bream although, for the preparation of the concentrate, it is recommended to use deionized water.From the viewpoint of metalworking operations under a very high contact pressure, can be further improve lubricating properties of the emulsion when it is SO necessary adding a triglyceride oil and/or sulfurized chlorinated slightly. This type of component is well compatible with the emulsion for metal working according to the invention. Preferably, for operations extremely harsh, 20 to 40% of replacing of the triglyceride oil SSs by that component type.To avoid oxidation and polymerization, optionally an antioxidant may be added. Among the antioxidants which are suitable, and examples butylhydroxyanisole "BHA are" and "TAO" butylhydroxytoluene. Can also be used the products marketed under the trademarks

TenoxTenox

2 and 6 by the company Eastman Kodak Company. These antioxidants are advantageously added in amounts of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight to the concentrated emulsion.Under adverse conditions likely 6s prevail in the environment of the workshop, it will easily produce an attack by microorganisms. If allowed these microorganisms grow without limit for extended periods of time, may occur and may be unpleasant odors, and can also be determined and made less corrosion protection properties of the emulsion after the formation of decomposition products acids, as is the case with conventional products based on mineral oils. To overcome these drawbacks by adding to the emulsion a metalworking an antibacterial agent. Agent can be used formaldehyde-releasing, for example the commercial good

Grotan

bk from dealer

Schülke

& Mayr on GmbH on.Thus, the emulsion according to the invention provides the user with many advantages: it is formed entirely of fatty oils or derivatives. These oils are renewable, non-polluting and biodegradable.The affects of skin irritation, eczema and allergic reaction can be reduced considerably, and cancer risk can be eliminated.Because of the high molecular weight of triglyceride oils and therefore their very low vapor pressure, it is not formed of nuisance fumes. As a result, the environment of the work is much more healthy.For the treatment of waste products, products of fatty oils do not offer difficulties. By observing proper separation technique, can easily separate the fatty phase; the remaining water does not require any special purifying treatment before discharge. The fatty phase can be easily hydrolyzed in accordance with known techniques, and the fatty acids obtained from hydrolysis can be reused.The following examples illustrate the invention without however limiting same; in these examples, the indications of portions and extend % by weight unless otherwise specified endorsement.Preparing an emulsion such as I in metal working, in concentrated form.Oil phase: 34.7 parts olein

paline

4.9 parts of the monoglyceride of commerce

Dimodan

e 2.7 parts of rapeseed fatty acids 2.7 parts of triethanolamine aqueous phase: 1.1 part of sodium oleate 55.0 parts of deionized water with palm olein fraction is low melting point of palm oil. The oleic acid content of palm olein is 50%.The oil phase components are mixed at 60 and 70 degrees Celsius. The soap is dissolved in water at 25 °c; the oily phase is then added slowly, with stirring, to the aqueous phase. The dispersion obtained is passed to 50 °c in a conventional-type homogenizer.The concentrated emulsion can be diluted easily and in all proportions in water of varying hardness (0 to 20 °c).The concentrated emulsion and the diluted emulsions are shelf stable unsigned separation bubble.The product of this example was tested at the dilution of 1:10 to a piercing machine with multiple pins in production for tapping in aluminum.After one month of use, the emulsion always yields the same results favorable, fully comparable to those obtained with a conventional emulsion based on mineral oils.Example 2 an emulsion is prepared which metal working to be tested in an automatic lathe with digital control and working under high load. Has worked many ferrous metals, e.g. cast iron and steel tools for 639687 cemented by tools whose cutting edge is metal cemented. The emulsion was prepared as follows:Oil phase: 27.9 parts of rapeseed oil 11.7 parts of monoglyceride technique 2.7 parts rapeseed oil fatty acids of rapeseed 2.7 parts of triethanolamine 0.4 part

l'anti

-oxidant commercial

Tenox

6 aqueous phase: 1.1 part of sodium oleate 55.0 parts of deionized water with rapeseed oil is of the type with low erucic acid content, with an oleic acid content of 52%. The monoglyceride technical contains actually 40% monoglyceride.The oil phase components are mixed at a temperature of 40 to 50 °c. Then added slowly, with stirring, the oil phase to the aqueous phase. The dispersion obtained is passed to 50 °c in a conventional homogenizer.The emulsion concentrate obtained in this way was diluted 1:15 ratio in regular tap water and subjected to the s assays in an automatic lathe. After three months of operation, the emulsion produces the same good results. The workpieces do not exhibit high corrosion tendencies. The emulsion metalworking does not deposit coating which dries; on the contrary, the surfaces of the machine lo and very easy to maintain clean.the LS example 3 in this example, consists in the improved lubricating effect caused by the fatty acid in the

ëmulsion

.Two emulsions prepared in metal working, to the concentration ready-to-use, for testing in a grinding machine cylinder. The emulsions were prepared from the following components:Product has parts by weight product B parts by weight oil phase oil phase rapeseed oil 2.00 monoglyceride technical rapeseed oil 0.78 O-triethanolamine, sodium stearate 18 aqueous phase 0.10 demineralized water 97 rapeseed oil 1.80 monoglyceride technique of rapeseed oil rapeseed fatty acids 0.78 0.18 0.20 triethanolamine aqueous phase sodium stearate 0.10 demineralized water 97 rapeseed oil is of the type with low erucic acid content and contains 60% oleic acid. The monoglyceride technology actually contains 40% monoglyceride.Mixing the components of the oil phase at 40 and 50 °C and sodium stearate is dissolved in the aqueous phase to 60 and 70 degrees Celsius. The oily phase is then added slowly to the aqueous phase while stirring vigorously; a stable emulsion is obtained.Emulsions prepared in this manner have been tried in a grinding machine to cylinder for working a case hardened steel for tools. It has been found that as regards the surface fineness of the material as well as the relative wear of the abrasive wheel, the product B (containing a fatty acid) leads to better results than the product has (without added fatty acid). In

moyennc

, fineness DCs surface exceeds the 10% of the relative wear and abrasive wheel is lower by 30% with the product B. the results are fully comparable to those obtained with conventional emulsions based on mineral oils without extreme pressure additive.Example 4 in this example, consists in the improvement of the wetting effect of the emulsion obtained by adding tri4s ethanolamine.Two emulsions prepared as in example 3.Product has oil phase rapeseed oil oleic acid monoglyceride triethanolamine aqueous phase sodium stearate demineralized water parts by weight product B parts by weight oil phase 3.50 rapeseed oil 4.00 1.00 monoglyceride LED ' oleic acid 1.00 0.50 aqueous phase sodium stearate 0.10 0.10 95 demineralized water 95 rapeseed oil is of the type with low erucic acid content and contains 60% oleic acid.Was measured wetting ability of the emulsions on the steel surface. It was found that the emulsion of b (without triethanolamine) leads to greater wetting angle of 40 to 45° and that the emulsion has (with triethanolamine) leads to an angle of ES wetting of 15 to 20o. The latter result is even slightly greater than that obtained with conventional emulsions based on mineral oils.639,687 example prepared an emulsion for the

travai

! metals as described in the example 1 from the constituents below:Oil phase: 34.3 parts of palm olein 4.8 parts of the monoglyceride of commerce

Dimodan

e 2.7 parts of rapeseed fatty acids 5.4 parts of triethanolamine aqueous phase: 1.1 part of sodium oleate 55.0 parts of deionized water emulsion has been retested on 1s during extended periods in a machine tool to control

numérisque

for drilling tapping. On this machine, has been

traraillé

hardened steel with high speed tool.The machining result were compared to those obtained using a conventional cutting liquid emulsion with extreme pressure additive. The conventional cutting liquid was specifically designed for the machining operations severe suchre uests that the bore, the internal thread, the thread and stamping

vañés

ferrous materials. Cutting the two liquids were used at the same dilution, a dilution of about times, by ordinary tap water.The surface state of the workpieces is the same for the conventional cutting liquid and for cutting fluid according to the invention. The service life of the tools is good and equal for drilling operations, for the tapping procedures, it is even slightly better with the cutting liquid according to the invention than with the conventional cutting liquid.