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СПОСОБ КОНТРОЛЯ ШИН

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ АНАЛИЗА ВИБРАЦИЙ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ВЫСОКОСКОРОСТНЫХ ВИДЕОДАННЫХ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ТАКОГО УСТРОЙСТВА ДЛЯ БЕСКОНТАКТНОГО АНАЛИЗА ВИБРАЦИЙ

УСТРОЙСТВО ОПТИЧЕСКОГО МОНИТОРИНГА ДЛЯ МОНИТОРИНГА ЗНАЧЕНИЯ КРИВИЗНЫ ГИБКОГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ИНСТРУМЕНТА

... 1. Устройство (200) оптического мониторинга для мониторинга значения кривизны вдоль гибкого медицинского инструмента (101), причем устройство содержит:- оптоволоконный детектор (110), содержащий одно или более оптических волокон (201),- источник (202) света для ввода света в оптические волокна,- приемник (203) света для измерения оптической характеристики отраженного света от оптических волокон, причем оптические волокна выполнены так, чтобы оптическая характеристика отраженного света была подвержена воздействию изгиба волокон,- процессор (220) для анализа измеренной оптической характеристики для определения значения кривизны оптоволоконного детектора и для сравнения значения кривизны с пороговым значением кривизны, причем процессор дополнительно выполнен с возможностью:- определения местоположения (210) вдоль оптоволоконного детектора с определенным значением кривизны,- сохранения предыдущих значений кривизны и связанного с ними местоположения вдоль волоконного детектора в устройстве ( ...

СПОСОБ КОНТРОЛЯ ЦЕЛОСТНОСТИ БЕРЕГОЗАЩИТНОГО СООРУЖЕНИЯ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ (ВАРИАНТЫ) ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ЛАЗЕРНОГО ДАТЧИКА ДАВЛЕНИЯ

СИСТЕМА И СПОСОБ КОНТРОЛЯ ПЛОТНОСТИ ОБМОТОК СТАТОРА И УЗЕЛ ПРУЖИНЯЩЕЙ ВОЛНИСТОЙ ПРОКЛАДКИ

... 1. Система для контроля плотности обмоток статора в электрической машине, содержащая:источник света для подачи света на множестве длин волн;оптический датчик разделения, расположенный в сердечнике статора, причем оптический датчик разделения содержит элемент оптического интерфейса для различного поглощения оптической мощности на первой и второй длинах волн;измеритель мощности для измерения величин оптической мощности на первой и второй длинах волн после поглощения элементом оптического интерфейса иподсистему управления для использования измеряемых величин оптической мощности для оценки плотности обмоток статора.2. Система по п.1, отличающаяся тем, что оптический датчик разделения содержит по меньшей мере одно оптическое волокно, расположенное между компонентов системы клиньев, причем по меньшей мере одно оптическое волокно содержит сердцевину и оболочку, окружающую сердцевину, при этом элемент оптического интерфейса расположен, по меньшей мере частично, в секции оболочки для поглощения ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ И АМПЛИТУДЫ УСИЛИЯ, ДЕЙСТВУЮЩЕГО НА ДВИЖИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ОТСЕК СУДНА

ОПТИЧЕСКОЕ СЧИТЫВАНИЕ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ И/ИЛИ ФОРМЫ

... 1. Способ измерения для многожильного волокна, содержащий этапы при которых:обнаруживают изменения оптической длины в некоторых из жил в многожильном волокне вплоть до некоторой точки на многожильном оптоволокне, иопределяют местоположение или направление наведения в точке на многожильном волокне на основании выявленных изменений оптической длины.2. Способ по п.1, в котором определение заключается в том, что определяют как местоположение, так и направление наведения в точке.3. Способ по п.1, в котором точность определенного местоположения или направления наведения является лучшей, чем 0,5% оптической длины многожильного волокна вплоть до точки на многожильном волокне.4. Способ по п.1, в котором определение заключается в том, что определяют форму, по меньшей мере, участка многожильного волокна на основании выявленных изменений оптической длины.5. Способ по п.1, в котором определение заключается в том, что рассчитывают угол изгиба многожильного волокна в любом положении вдоль многожильного ...

СИСТЕМА КОНТРОЛЯ УПРАВЛЯЮЩЕГО КЛАПАНА

... 1. Система контроля управляющего клапана, содержащая:по меньшей мере один датчик, соединенный со штоком клапана или валом клапана для обнаружения изменения в механической целостности этого штока клапана или вала клапана; иустройство для получения данных об этом изменении в механической целостности указанного штока клапана или вала клапана.2. Система по п.1, в которой указанный по меньшей мере один датчик представляет собой звукоизлучающий датчик или активный ультразвуковой датчик.3. Система по п.2, в которой звукоизлучающий датчик обнаруживает образование трещин в указанном штоке клапана или вале клапана вследствие изменения в записи акустического сигнала.4. Система по п.2, в которой звукоизлучающий датчик прикреплен к одному концу вала клапана или штока клапана.5. Система по п.1, в которой указанный по меньшей мере один датчик представляет собой пьезоэлектрический волновой активный датчик или пьезокерамический (PZT) датчик.6. Система по п.5, в которой полное сопротивление пьезоэлектрического ...

Способ определения напряженно-деформированного состояния массива горных пород

Изобретение относится к подземной, открытой и строительной геотехнологиям и может быть использовано для определения напряженно-деформированного состояния (НДС) массива горных пород. Способ заключается в нанесении реперных точек внутри и снаружи контура кольцевой разгрузочной щели, повторяющей контур выработки, на поверхности исследуемого массива горных пород, затем проходке кольцевой разгрузочной щели, измерении радиальных и тангенциальных смещений реперных точек, определении по ним функциональных зависимостей радиальных и тангенциальных смещений реперных точек от контурной координаты кольцевой разгрузочной щели и по ним путем решения 2-й краевой задачи теории упругости, определении НДС в месте образования керна, а также смещений реперных точек на внутренней и внешней границах контура кольцевой разгрузочной щели, по ним находят смещения границы рассматриваемой выработки и после решения задачи Коши определяют НДС всего массива горных пород, включая контур выработки. Сначала на поверхность ...

Method for detecting deformations of energy absorption element of motor vehicle, involves detecting resulting light pulses, and transferring light pulses as lateral modulated signal to evaluation unit

The method involves receiving signals from a sensor unit (2) by an evaluation unit, and displacing a grid component (3) with a grid (6) and a light emitter of an emitter component (4) during deformation of an energy absorption element (1). An optical path of light beam, which strikes on a detector of a detector component (5), is interrupted during displacement of the grid or the light emitter in an alternating manner. Resulting light pulses are detected and are transferred as a lateral modulated signal to the evaluation unit. An independent claim is also included for a motor vehicle comprising a sensor unit for detecting deformations of an energy absorption element.

VORRICHTUNG UND VERFAHREN FUER ERMUEDUNGSTESTS

Verschiebungssensor

Verschiebungssensor (1), aufweisend: ein lichtemittierendes Element (2) zum Emittieren von Licht in Richtung eines zu erfassenden Objektes; eine lichtempfangende Linse (4) zum Kondensieren von Licht, das durch das Objekt reflektiert wird; eine lichtreflektierende Platte (5) zum Reflektieren von Licht, das durch die lichtempfangende Linse (4) gegangen ist; ein lichtempfangendes Element (6), das eine lichtempfangende Fläche zum Empfangen von Licht aufweist, das durch die lichtreflektierende Platte (5) reflektiert wird, und ein Signal ausgibt, das der Position des Lichts auf der lichtempfangenden Fläche entspricht; und ein Gehäuse (50), das das lichtemittierende Element (2), die lichtempfangende Linse (4), die lichtreflektierende Platte (5) und das lichtempfangende Element (6) unterbringt und eine Erfassungsfläche (1x) zum Durchlassen von Licht, das von dem lichtemittierenden Element (2) emittiert wird, und Durchlassen von Licht aufweist, das durch das Objekt reflektiert wird, wobei die lichtreflektierende ...

Messsystem für Dehnungen, Verzerrungen oder Verbiegungen

Messsystem (1) zur Bestimmung einer Verzerrung, Verbiegung oder Torsion eines Objekts (2), umfassend mindestens eine Sonde (3a, 3b), weiterhin umfassend Befestigungsmittel (4), über die die Sonden (3a, 3b) in zerstörungsfrei lösbarer Weise mit dem Objekt (2) verbindbar sind, weiterhin umfassend Messmittel (5) zur Bestimmung der Distanz x, und/oder der Distanzänderung dx, und/oder einer relativen Winkelposition α, und/oder einer Winkeländerung dα der relativen Winkelposition α, zwischen zwei Sonden (3a, 3b), und/oder zwischen einer Sonde (3a, 3b) und einem Fixpunkt (X), sowie eine Auswerteeinheit (6) zur Ermittlung der Verzerrung, Verbiegung oder Torsion aus der Distanz x, und/oder aus der Distanzänderung dx, und/oder aus der relativen Winkelposition α, und/oder aus der Winkeländerung dα. Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer Verzerrung, Verbiegung oder Torsion eines Objekts (2), mit folgenden Schritten: mindestens eine Sonde (3a, 3b) wird so mit dem Objekt (2) verbunden, dass sie zerstörungsfrei ...

Small bending angles measurement from deflection of mirror - which reflects light from two point sources to axial detector

Two points, alternately activated light sources (16,16'), are placed at different points at the focal distance from a common lens (14) and at equal distances from its axis. The lens passes the light from the sources perpendicularly to the mirror(12). A detector (22) aligned with the lens axis receives light equally from the two sources when the mirror is in its normal position. When the mirror is rotated from its normal position the detector receives different light quantities from each source.

OPTISCHES MESSGERAET

Ein visuelles Messgerät für das Biegeverhalten flexibler Materialien

Ein visuelles Messgerät für das Biegeverhalten flexibler Materialien ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein festes Probenende (1), ein freies Probenende (3), einen Steuerkasten (6), ein CCD-Bilderfassungsmodul (2) und ein Hintergrundbeleuchtungsmodul (4) umfasst.Das feste Probenende (1) ist am Steuerkasten angeordnet. Das feste Probenende (1) umfasst eine Bewegungsplattform (101), ein Sockel (102), eine Antriebsvorrichtung (103) und eine Probenklemme (104). Am Sockel (102) ist eine Gleitnut angeordnet. Die Bewegungsplattform (101) ist gleitend mit der Gleitnut verbunden. Die Antriebsvorrichtung (103) ist auf der Bewegungsplattform (101) angeordnet. Die Probenklemme (104) ist an einer Seite der Antriebsvorrichtung (103) angebracht und ist durch den Übertragungsmodus mit der Antriebsvorrichtung (103) verbunden.Der Steuerkasten (6) ist mit einer Zylindersteuerung (14) und einem Zylinder (15) versehen. Die Zylindersteuerung (14) ist durch einen Steuermodus mit dem Zylinder(15) verbunden. Am ...

Messvorrichtung

Messvorrichtung, umfassend: mindestens ein Trägerelement; mindestens zwei Sensoren, wobei mindestens einer von den zwei Sensoren auf dem mindestens einen Trägerelement angeordnet ist; und eine thermische Belastungseinheit aufweisend eine Thermokammer, welche ausgestaltet ist, um ein Untersuchungsobjekt zu umschließen, um mittels Multisensormessung mit Daten aus den mindestens zwei Sensoren die Beanspruchung auf das Untersuchungsobjekt zu bestimmen.

Wall shear stress measuring method for e.g. air craft, involves determining displacement of reference point as result of subjecting sample with flow of fluid, and determining stress under consideration of determined layer thickness

The method involves determining a layer thickness (25) of a deformation layer (6) of a sample (4) at a measuring point (27) in consideration of light reflected or passed from the sample to the measuring point. A reference point (40) is provided in a region of the measuring point. Displacement of the reference point is determined as a result of subjecting the sample with flow of fluid. A wall shear stress is determined under consideration of the determined layer thickness in the region of the measuring point and determined displacement of the reference point.

Measurement of the elongation of a drive or conveyor belt caused by stretching using a CCD detector arrangement for measuring the relative position of reference markings with two linear sensor arrays

Method for contactless determination of a length alteration of a conveyor or drive belt (2) caused by stretching. Reference marks on the belt are detected using corresponding regions of a CCD sensor (9). Light from a light source is reflected from the markings and transmitted through linear optics (6) to the sensor. An Independent claim is made for a corresponding device for measuring elongation of a conveyor or drive belt.

Schwingungsfeststellungs- und Steuerungssystem für Drücker

Extensometer for measuring material properties, e.g. Young's modulus of a material, measures extension of the body indirectly by measuring the moment in measurement arms supporting the test body

An arrangement for measuring the travel of arms of an extensometer, where the arms are coupled to a sample body at a distance to each other. The measurement involves determination of the tilting moment (DELTAMK1, DELTAMK2) applied to a moving part (4) associated with a measurement arm or arms (1). The moment is measured by a moment measurement arrangement (3) that is connected to a data processing unit.

Tracking of movement of mark at right angles to reference line - involves straight rail along which photocell moves in carriage

The mark has different reflecting properties from the medium supporting it. The mark and the area surrounding it are illuminated by light of constant intensity and an image of the mark is produced on a photocell with two photosensitive electrodes closely adjacent one another, and the reference line runs parallel to the boundary between the electrodes. Two electrical signals are derived from the photocell and compared. The photocell is driven along a path in one direction or the other according to the result of the comparison. This path is at a regular distance from the path which is followed by the mark.

Verfahren zur feldmäßigen Bestimmung von Deformationszuständen in mikroskopisch dimensionierten Prüflingsbereichen und Verwendung des Verfahrens

Verfahren zur feldmäßigen Bestimmung von Deformationszuständen in mikroskopisch dimensionierten Prüfingsbereichen, unter Verwendung von digitalisierten Bildern als zweidimensionale Bildmatrizen mit diskreten Pixelwerten, die einer Grauwertskala zugeordnet sind, mit den folgenden Schritten: a. Erzeugung eines ersten digitalisierten Bildes (B1) des Prüflingsbereiches (A) in einem ersten Zustand, b. Erzeugung eines zweiten digitalisierten Bildes (B2) des Prüflingsbereiches (A) in einem zweiten Zustand, der sich vom ersten Zustand durch Deformation des Prüflings unterscheidet, c. Bestimmung des Verschiebungsvektors (V) der örtlichen Deformation durch Vergleich des ersten digitalisierten Bildes (B1) mit dem zweiten digitalisierten Bild (B2) dergestalt, daß einem digitaliesierten Bild als Referenzbild jeweils Referenzmatrizen (Si) entnommen werden, deren Grauwertinhalte (g) innerhalb eines jeder Referenzmatrix (Si) zugeordneten Suchbereichs (SB) mit den Grauwertinhalten (g) von Vergleichsmatrizen ...

Schrumpfmesszelle und Verfahren zum gleichzeitigen Erfassen von Volumenschwund und Modul beim Härten eines Reaktionsharzes

Schrumpfmesszelle (1) zur gleichzeitigen Erfassung von Volumenschwund und Modul während eines Härtungsverlaufes eines Reaktionsharzes (2), umfassend ein Gefäß (4) zur Aufnahme des Reaktionsharzes (2) und ein im Gefäß (4) oder außerhalb des Gefäßes (4) angeordnetes mechanisches Element, wobei das Gefäß (4) mindestens einseitig geöffnet ist, wobei das mechanische Element als ein elastisches Element (3) aus Metall ausgebildet ist, das zwei Enden aufweist, die jeweils starre Abschnitte (6) mit einem großen Elastizitäts-Modul und/oder großem Querschnitt umfassen, wobei einer der starren Abschnitte (6) starr mit dem Gefäß (4) verbunden ist, während der zweite starre Abschnitt (6) mit einem beweglichen Messaufnehmer (8) des Messgerätes (9) verbindbar ist, wobei zwischen den beiden starren Abschnitten (6) die Steifigkeit des elastischen Elements (3) durch einen elastischen Bereich (5) reduziert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gefäß (4) starrwandig ist.

Device for measuring extensions, curves, inclinations and contour lines on surfaces of workpieces

The invention relates to a device for measuring extensions, curves, inclinations and contour lines on surfaces of workpieces by means of a diffuse light source (L) or a directed light source (PR), by means of two polarisation filters (P1, P2) or a raster (G), as well as by means of a semireflecting mirror (T) and a full mirror (V). In order to facilitate the execution of a plurality of measurement methods of different types using a single measuring apparatus, four connectable corner parts (1-4) are used to form a square basic frame which has detachable holders (21, 22; 23, 24) at each corner part for flat discs arranged on imaginary joining lines of the corner parts. ...

Measuring arrangement for detecting cracks

The invention relates to a measuring arrangement for detecting cracks with the aid of optical fibres. The optical fibres are laid for this purpose in a defined configuration on the adhesive side of an area-wise perforated adhesive film, and are covered with a coat of lacquer after bonding to the specimen. After curing of the coat of lacquer and removal of the adhesive film, the optical fibres lying on the specimen are covered with one or more coats of lacquer. ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Charakterisierung eines Kontinuumgelenks

Verfahren zur Charakterisierung eines Kontinuumgelenks, bei welchem zunächst eine definierte Kraft auf das Kontinuumgelenk aufgebracht wird und sodann die Auslenkung des Kontinuumgelenks ermittelt wird. Diese Schritte werden wiederholt und anschließend eine analytische Näherung des Zusammenhangs zwischen aufgebrachter Kraft und Auslenkung ermittelt.

Einrichtung zur Erfassung der räumlichen Verlagerung von Konstruktionsteilen und/oder Strukturen

THERMAL DEFORMATION MEASURING SYSTEM OF CERAMICS AND THE LIKE

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung einer mechanischen Vorspannung eines Moduls

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer mechanischen Vorspannung eines Moduls (11), wobei das Modul (11) aus mindestens einem ersten Bauteil (12) und einem zweiten Bauteil (13) besteht, wobei das erste Bauteil (12) das zweite Bauteil (13) axial umgreift und wobei das erste (12) und das zweite Bauteil (13) gegeneinander mit der Vorspannung beaufschlagt sind. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass eine durch die Vorspannung geänderte Beabstandung von Merkmalen (17, 17‘) des ersten (12) und/oder des zweiten Bauteils (13) erfasst wird. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine entsprechende Vorrichtung (21).

Prüfvorrichtung für Druckfestigkeit dünnwandiger Materialien

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Prüfung eines Druckspannungs-Dehnungs-Verlaufs dünnwandiger Materialien, wobei in der Vorrichtung eine Probe mit einer großen freien Weglänge durch Aufbringen einer Längskraft auf die Probe prüfbar ist. Die Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen korrekten einachsigen Druckspannungs-Dehnungs-Verlauf dünnwandiger Materialien zu bestimmen. Die Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass eine einfach um eine Langseite bevorzugt mit dem Radius R gekrümmte Prüffläche als Führung zur einseitigen Anlage einer Flachseite der Probe vorgesehen ist, wobei der Radius R so gewählt ist, dass ein Beulen verhindert wird.

Messeinrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Erkennen von Störstellen im Untergrund unter den Gleisanlagen von Bahnen

Der Schutzanspruch bezieht sich auf ein Messverfahren zum frühzeitigen Erkennen von Störstellen im Unterbau von Bahnen entwickeln. Sie ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Messvorrichtung die absolute Einsenkung des Gleises in den Unterbau kontinuierlich aufmisst und in Kombination mit einem Georadar der Unterbau in seinen Schichten ebenfalls kontinuierlich aufgezeichnet und dargestellt wird. Durch die Überlagerung beider Messergebnisse durch das aufgezeichnete Radargrammes aus dem Georadar mit dem Ergebnis der Einsenkungsmessung kann die Störstelle visuell dargestellt werden.

DEHNUNGSMESSGERAET

REIFENHERSTELLUNGSVERFAHREN ZUR VERBESSERUNG DER GLEICHFÖRMIGKEIT EINES REIFENS

Monitoring system for well casing

A system (20) for monitoring deformation of a substantially cylindrical casing (14). The system (20) includes at least two strings (22) of interconnected sensors (24) that are wrapped around the casing (14) so as not to intersect one another. At least one of the strings (22) includes a series of at least two segments (S). The series of segments (S) includes a segment (S) arranged at one wrap angle () and another segment (S) arranged at a different wrap angle ().

Distributed nondestructive inspection system and method for identifying slickline cable defects and mechanical strength degradation trend

System and method for monitoring vibration isolators

MEASUREMENTS OF DEFLECTIONS OF RETAINING STRUCTURES

... 1407679 Measuring deflections of soil or structures in situ SOIL MECHANICS Ltd 29 Oct 1973 [31 July 1972] 35731/72 Heading G1S A vertical tube 1, Fig. 1, of about 18 metres in length is driven into soil or supported and cast within a pile casing to be cast in situ, Fig. 4 (not shown), and is provided with graduated brass pins 6, Fig. 2, placed longitudinally about every 2“ metres and laterally offset along its length. Lamps 7 and reflectors 8 are provided to illuminate the pins and a conduit 12 is attached for running electric supply cables and to act as an inlet for nitrogen gas to prevent condensation and pressurize the tube. The pins 6 may be individually lit, and a translucent screen 9 may be graduated. In operation a telescope (not shown), is mounted vertically above the tube and then sighted on various pins 6 whose depth are known. The vertical angular deviation is then determined and from this deflections of the tube 1 at various depths ascertained.

IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO ROTOR BLADE TRACKING DEVICES

BLADE INCIDENCE TRACKER SYSTEM

Strain measuring device

A method and apparatus for a structural monitoring device adapted to be locatable within a tubular structure

Detecting damage to a structural member

CRACK MONITORS

Distributed fibre optic sensor

Stock level indication apparatus and method

In some embodiments, apparatuses and methods are provided herein useful to provide a visual indication of a weight of products stocked on a display assembly, such as a shelf of a shelving unit. The visual indication is provided by virtue of the display assembly having a product support member with a curved configuration that sequentially flattens as additional weight is added thereto. A laser device can be mounted proximate to the assembly and oriented to determine a distance to the product support member and a control circuit can be configured to receive the distance and analyze the distance to determine a deflection of the product support member to determine a current stock level.

Downhole sensing cable system for improved seismic energy coupling to the cable system

A sensing system may comprise a deployment device having an optical fiber cable with a predetermined curvature or an intrinsic curvature. The sensing system may be deployed into a location that is remote or difficult to navigate, for example, a large vessel or a borehole of a well. A deployment device may deploy the optical fiber cable and a tension control tool may maintain the deployment device along with the optical fiber cable in a straight or non-curved shape until the optical fiber cable has reached a predetermined location or position. A force may then be applied to the optical fiber cable to cause a portion of the optical fiber cable to contact an interior wall of the area or location, for example, a borehole or the deployment device. Measurements may be retrieved from the optical fiber cable, for example, measurements used in distributed acoustic sensing in vertical seismic profiling.

Monitoring relative displacement of end-winding components in an electric generator

The system includes a structure 110 mounted to the end-winding components 102, 104. The system further includes a fiber Bragg grating 116 mounted to a non-curved surface 126 of the structure, where the fiber Bragg grating is configured to reflect incident radiation having a peak intensity at a respective wavelength based on a strain of the fiber Bragg grating. The structure is configured so that the strain produced by the structure limits a magnitude of the strain of the fiber Bragg grating within a predetermined range over a span of the relative displacement of the pair of end-winding components.

System and method for monitoring bending of a flexible riser

A system and method for monitoring bending curvature of a flexible pipe structure, including at least one conduit configured to conform to a profile of a bend stiffener of a flexible pipe structure, and the at least one conduit including one or more sensors, wherein each sensor is configured for measuring a bending curvature of the bend stiffener.

Automated fault isolation of flight control surfaces and damage detection of aircraft through non-contact measurement

A system 100, for automating fault isolation and damage detection of aircraft 400, has a processor 102 used to monitor aircraft wing flight control surfaces 402,404,406,408 using one or more sensors S1-S7 at vantage points providing full coverage of the wing. The condition of the wing is assessed by the sensors, which may utilise a machine vision component 108; leaks are also detected by monitoring airflow for traces of fuel or hydraulic fluid, which may utilise a spectrographic component 110. The machine vision component may classify the type of damage, identify its cause, and determine its location; a notification component 202 may then alert the flight or cabin crew, and the machine vision component may transmit assessment data into a cloud to enhance learning capabilities. The sensors may include sound signature monitoring acoustic sensors and/or infrared cameras for vision analysis in low visibility; the sensors may be either electromechanical or digital and may utilise lidar, radar ...

Detecting irregularities in rotating masses

In a method of detecting the deflection of the blades 13 of a helicopter rotor as it rotates, a beam 14 of radiation from a transmitter/receiver 11 encounters the tips of the rotating blades which send reflected signals to the receiver. The phase difference due to deflection of the blade tip can be used to give a measure of the deflection of each blade, and that can be displayed graphically as shown in FIGS. 7-10 for the various blades at various speeds. In a related method of measuring deflections of the blades 111 for a tail rotor, a laser beam transmitter 16 in FIG. 14 has its reflected beam 122, 123 from an undeflected blade 111 or a deflected blade 111' received by a particular receiver in a linear array 119 of receivers so that the particular receiver gives an indication of the amount of deflection.

DISPLACEMENT MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS

... 1307014 Photo-electric measurement of displacement SIEMENS AG 16 March 1970 [17 March 1969] 12469/70 Heading G1A [Also in Division H4] A photo-electric system for measuring displacement or tilt comprises a laser producing a fan-shaped beam, which defines a reference plane with respect to which movements of an object are monitored by a detector arrangement attached thereto and comprising an elongated photo-cell, shaped, or being associated with light attenuating means, such that the cell output increases continuously with the displacement of the detector from the plane. Single reference plane. In Fig. 1, the linear cross-section of the laser beam 3 is oriented at right angles to the direction of possible displacement. A photo-cell area 2 of increasing width in the directions of displacement is provided e.g. by masking off a rectangular cell. Alternatively, an elongated, rectangular cell, having an absorbtion filter of gradually increasing wedge thickness or absorbtion co-efficient, or a ...

Stock level indication apparatus and method

Washers for use in measuring the tension in mine-roof supporting bolts

... 748,969. Anchor-bolts; washers. WING- FOOT CORPORATION. Sept. 15, 1953 [March 19, 1953], No. 25441/53. Class 89 (1). [Also in Group XIX] A washer 12, for use in determining the tension in a bolt, e.g. a mine-roof supporting - bolt 10, comprises plates 14, 15 with a layer of rubber or the like 16 therebetween and bonded, e.g. by vulcanizing, thereto. Plate 14 is larger than, and plate 15 the same diameter as, the rubber layer, and a sleeve 17 is provided in the bore of the plate 14 and layer 16, and may be welded to plate 15. In use, the rubber is compressed as nut 13 is tightened, and deforms as shown, the increase in diameter being a measure of the tension in the bolt. A chart (Fig. 4, not shown), has a curve 19 plotted for the characteristics of the rubber used, increases in diameter being read off directly in terms of bolt tension. The bolt 10 has a split end 10a to be driven against a wedge 11 in a bore in the mine roof to spread the end into the wall of the bore. A mine roof may be ...

Filtering distributed sensing data

Sensor assembly

TIRE MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE REGULARITY OF A TIRE

ANORDNUNG UND VERFAHREN ZUR BESTIMMUNG VON BAUWERKBEWEGUNGEN

FLEXION BEAM FLEX MEASUREMENT METHOD AND TEST STRUCTURE FOR FOR CARRYING OUT SUCH A METHOD

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Dehnmessverfahren zur Bestimmung der Dehnfähigkeit dünner Schichten eines Wandanstrichs (20) oder eines mehrlagigen Wandbeschichtungssystems (25), und umfasst die folgenden Schritte: - Bereitstellen eines Biegebalkens (1) aus einem saugfähigen Material mit einer Balkenlänge (L); - Anordnen einer Kerbe (2) auf einer Breitseite (11) in der Längenmitte (L/2) des Biegebalkens (1); wahlweise - Auftragen eines Wandanstrichs (20) an der der gekerbten Breitseite (11) gegenüberliegenden glatten Breitseite (12); oder - Auftragen eines mehrlagigen Wandbeschichtungssystems (25) an der gekerbten Breitseite (11) des Biegebalkens (1); sowie weiters - Anordnen von Messpunkten (M) am aufgetragenen Wandanstrich (20) oder Wandbeschichtungssystem (25); - Aufzeichnen zumindest einer Ausgangslänge (L0) zwischen Messpunkten (M) am unverformten Biegebalken (1); - Durchführen eines Drei-Punkt-Biegeversuchs mit einer Prüfvorrichtung; - Aufzeichnen der Biegedeformation des Biegebalkens ...

Schalungssystem, Ankervorrichtung, Ankerstab, Verwendung eines Ankerstabs und Verfahren

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schalungssystem (1) aufweisend wenigstens eine erste Schalungseinrichtung (2) und eine zweite Schalungseinrichtung (3), zwischen denen ein Verfüllraum (4) zur Aufnahme eines verfestigbaren Baustoffs ausgebildet ist. Ferner weist das Schalungssystem (1) wenigstens eine Ankervorrichtung (6) mit einem Ankerstab (5) auf, um die erste Schalungseinrichtung (2) und die zweite Schalungseinrichtung (3) miteinander zu verspannen. Vorgesehen ist eine Messeinrichtung (13), um eine durch das Verfüllen des verfestigbaren Baustoffs in den Verfüllraum (4) bedingte Längenänderung und/oder eine Querschnittsänderung des Ankerstabs (5) zu erfassen.

Bending beam tension measuring method and test apparatus for carrying out such a tension measuring method

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Dehnmessverfahren zur Bestimmung der Dehnfähigkeit dünner Schichten eines Wandanstrichs (20) oder eines mehrlagigen Wandbeschichtungssystems (25), und umfasst die folgenden Schritte: - Bereitstellen eines Biegebalkens (1) aus einem saugfähigen Material mit einer Balkenlänge (L); - Anordnen einer Kerbe (2) auf einer Breitseite (11) in der Längenmitte (L/2) des Biegebalkens (1); wahlweise - Auftragen eines Wandanstrichs (20) an der der gekerbten Breitseite (11) gegenüberliegenden glatten Breitseite (12); oder - Auftragen eines mehrlagigen Wandbeschichtungssystems (25) an der gekerbten Breitseite (11) des Biegebalkens (1); sowie weiters - Anordnen von Messpunkten (M) am aufgetragenen Wandanstrich (20) oder Wandbeschichtungssystem (25); - Aufzeichnen zumindest einer Ausgangslänge (L0) zwischen Messpunkten (M) am unverformten Biegebalken (1); - Durchführen eines Drei-Punkt-Biegeversuchs mit einer Prüfvorrichtung; - Aufzeichnen der Biegedeformation des Biegebalkens ...

ARRANGEMENT AND PROCEDURE FOR THE REGULATION OF BUILDING MOVEMENTS

SPECKLE SHEARING INTERFEROMETER FOR STRAIN MEASUREMENT

GLASS FIBER STRAIN GAUGE

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUM ERFASSEN VON GERADHEITSABWEICHUNGEN UND/ODER VERFORMUNGEN BEI EINEM DREHROHROFEN

Bei einem Verfahren zum Erfassen von Geradheitsabweichungen und/oder Verformungen bei einem Drehrohrofen (1), dessen Drehrohr (4) in axialer Richtung voneinander beabstandete Laufringe (6) aufweist, die jeweils auf Laufrollen (7) abgestützt sind, werden die äußere Mantelfläche (5) des Drehrohres (4), die Laufringe (6), die Laufrollen (7) und/oder die Wellen (17) der Laufrollen (7) mit Hilfe wenigstens einer Abtastvorrichtung (12) berührungslos abgetastet werden, sodass bezüglich der abgetasteten Objekte dreidimensionale Positionsdaten erhalten werden, und die dreidimensionalen Positionsdaten werden hinsichtlich des Auftretens einer Abweichung der Drehrohrofenachse (3) von einer Geraden, einerAbweichung des Drehrohrs (4) von einer zylindrischen Form und/oder einer Abweichung der Laufrollendrehachsen (8) von einer Parallelen mit der Drehrohrofenachse (3) ausgewertet. Bei einer Vorrichtung zum Erfassen von Geradheitsabweichungen und/oder Verformungen bei einem Drehrohrofen (1) ist wenigstens ...

Planheitsmessung und Messung der Eigenspannungen für ein metallisches Flachprodukt

Die Erfindung betrifft die Planheitsmessung und die Messung der Eigenspannungen in einem metallischen Flachprodukt (1). Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Genauigkeit und Zuverlässigkeit existierender Planheitsmessgeräte bzw. -verfahren zu erhöhen. Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zur Planheitsmessung eines metallischen Flachprodukts (1) gelöst, das folgende Verfahrensschritte aufweist:- Biegen des Flachprodukts (1) in einer Biegeeinrichtung (3), sodass ein planes Flachprodukt (1) nach dem Biegen einen Bogen (5) mit einem Soll-Biegeradius r0 ausbilden würde,- Messen der Kontur, insbesondere der Ist-Biegeradien, im Bereich des Bogens (5) des gebogenen Flachprodukts (1) an mehreren Positionen in der Breitenrichtung des Flachprodukts (1), und- Bestimmen der Planheit des Flachprodukts (1) unter Berücksichtigung der gemessenen Kontur des gebogenen Flachprodukts (1).

Inspection with polarization filters

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Inspektion eines, insbesondere ebenen, Gegenstands (1) umfassend eine Textur (10) und eine durchsichtige Kunststoffschicht (11) mit reliefartigem Verlauf über der Textur (10) zur Ermittlung, ob diese passgenau übereinander liegen, a) wobei der Gegenstand (1) mit unpolarisiertem Licht beleuchtet wird auf den Gegenstand (1) gestrahlt wird, b) wobei der Gegenstand (1) von der gegenüberliegenden Seite mittels einer Aufnahmeeinheit (3) aufgenommen wird, deren optische Achse im Brewster-Winkel (ϴB) steht, c) wobei mit der Aufnahmeeinheit (3) ein erstes Bild (B1) mit Licht mit einer Polarisation senkrecht zur Einfallsebene erstellt wird, d) wobei mit der Aufnahmeeinheit (3) ein zweites Bild (B2) des Gegenstands (1) mit Licht mit einer Polarisation parallel zur Einfallsebene erstellt wird.

Optical curvature sensor

Ein Lichtleiter (1) für sensorische Zwecke hat wenigstens einen Riss (2), wobei eine Längsrichtung des Risses zu einer Ausbreitungsrichtung des Lichtleiters (1) einen Einfallswinkel (8) einschließt, und wobei der Riss (2) von zwei Begrenzungsflächen (9) begrenzt wird, die jeweils im Wesentlichen parallel zur Längsrichtung des Risses (2) liegen, wobei die beiden Begrenzungsflächen (9) einen Öffnungswinkel (α) einschließen, und wobei der Öffnungswinkel (α) größer 0° ist.

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur zerstörungsfreien Bestimmung der Qualität des Gärungsprozesses in Flaschen

Die Erfindung betrifft eln Verfahren und elne Vorrichtung zur zerstörungsfreien Bestimmung der Qualität des Gärungsprozesses in Flaschen mit Kapsel­ oder Schraubverschluss, vorzugsweise Sektflaschen während der Sekterzeugung. Erfindungsgemäß wird der Kapsel- oder Schraubverschluss der Flasche mittels Linienlaserscanner vermessen, und daraus ein dreidimensionales Höhenprofil erstellt, aus welchem die Wölbung des Verschlusses ermittelt wird. Aus der Größe der Wölbung können anschließend Rückschlüsse auf den Status der Gärung getroffen werden. Die Messung kann erfindungsgemäß mit einer über einem Förderband (3) angebrachten Messeinheit (4) erfolgen, welche als Linienlaserscanner ausgebildet ist und mittels Laserdiode (5) einen linienförmigen Laserstrahl (7) auf die Oberfläche des Verschlusses (2) der zu prüfenden Flasche (1) wirft. Die Reflexion des Strahls wird von einem Kamera-Sensor (6) in dem Linienlaserscanner erfasst und in ein Höhenprofil umgerechnet. Um möglichst viele Schwingungsimpulse ...

Biegewinkel-Messvorrichtung für eine Biegepresse

The invention relates to bending-angle measuring device for a bending press (1). The bending press comprises a press bed (2), a bending die (3), and a press beam (4), which can be moved in a traversing direction (7) in relation to the bending die and which has a punch (5). The punch contacts a sheet-metal part (8) arranged in the bending die (3) along a bending line (9). Furthermore, a lighting device (11) and an optical image recording device (12) are present. The lighting device (11) has a light source (16) and a collimator (17) and emits a pencil of rays (15) along a beam path in the direction of the image recording device (12). The lighting device (11) arranged at a first end (23) of the frame and the image recording device (12) are arranged in correspondence with each other on an optical axis (18) so that the beam path is oriented parallel to the bending line (9). The image recording device (12) has a telecentric optical unit (20) and a planar image sensor (25), wherein furthermore ...

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SPURFEHLERN OF MECHANICAL WAVES.

VORRICHTUNG ZUR MESSUNG DER VERFORMUNG EINES KONSTRUKTIONSELEMENTES

Mit einer Vorrichtung zur Messung der Verformung eines Konstruktionselementes (1) in einer bestimmten Richtung an einem Messpunkt mit einem Messaufbau, der einen Laser (4) und einen optischen Sensor (5) enthält, wobei erfindungsgemäß der Sensor (5) aus mehreren neben- und/oder untereinander angeordneten Sensorelementen besteht, die jeweils einer bestimmten Verformung des Konstruktionselements (1) entsprechend aktivierbar sind, kann ein genaues Maß der Verformung mit kostengünstigen Mittel erhalten werden.

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE NON-DESTRUCTIVE REAL TIME MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHEET MATERIAL

FIBRE OPTICS DEFORMATION SENSOR

DEVICE FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SMALL FORCES AND SHIFTS

SHADE MOIRE OBERFLÄCHENTOPOLOGIEPRÜFUNG WITH EICHPROBEN

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION ON FUEL SAVINGS, SAFE OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE BY REAL-TIME PREDICTIVE MONITORING AND PREDICTIVE CONTROLLING OF AERODYNAMIC AND HYDRODYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTAL INTERNAL/EXTERNAL FORCES, HULL STRESSES, MOTION WITH SIX DEGREES OF FREEDOM, AND THE LOCATION OF MARINE STRUCTURE

There is disclosed a controlling method by real-time monitoring of hydrodynamic environmental internal or external force, hull stresses, 6-dof motion and location of a marine structure, the controlling method comprising: measuring a wave intensity and a wave height and predicting a wave motion as well as preventing collision by using a radar, an internal measurement unit (IMU), a global positioning system (GPS) measurement technique and an X-band radar, measuring hogging, sagging and torsion as well as 6-dof motion of a marine structure by using at least one IMU, associating data about a moving distance of the marine structure and environmental external force of a coordinate measuring satellite with the data of the radar and the IMU by using a time and space information obtaining tool to minimize a fatigue of the marine structure, and applying to an energy efficiency operating indicator (EEOI), an energy efficiency design index (EEDI), a dynamic positioning (DP) boundary, a motion controlling ...

An optical path autocorrelator used for distributed fiber strain sensing measurement

The present invention proposes an optical path autocorrelator used for distributed fiber strain sensing measurement. It comprises a broad spectrum light source (1), a circular multi-beam generator (2), an optical path autocorrelation detection unit (3), a transmission fiber (4), and a fiber sensor array (5), connected in turns from the beginning to the end. The circular multi-beam generator (2) comprises a 2x2 fiber coupler (21), a first three-port optical circulator (22), a fiber collimator (23), and a movable optical mirror (24). The optical path autocorrelation detection unit (3) comprises a second three-port optical circulator (31), an optical detector (32), and an interference signal detecting and processing unit (33). The invention can realize the real-time monitoring and measuring of physical quantities such as multi-point strain or deformation, also reduces power loss during sensor multiplexing and increases system stability. - - 2" "23 Broad g c light source a b --------------- ...

STRUCTURE MONITOR SYSTEM

Method and apparatus for measuring seismic parameters of a seismic vibrator

Apparatus and techniques for measuring seismic parameters, such as ground force, of a seismic vibrator used for generating seismic signals through a geological formation are provided. The seismic vibrator has a base plate positionable adjacent a ground surface of the geological formation. A sensor pad may be provided with an optical cable positionable between the base plate of the seismic vibrator and the ground surface of the geological formation, a laser for passing a light through the optical cable, and a detector for detecting disturbances in the laser light whereby a ground force applied to the ground surface may be determined.

Large scale high speed multiplexed optical fiber sensor network

DISTRIBUTED OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR SYSTEM

Deflection measuring device according to the interferometer principle

An interferometer type deflection measuring device having a radiation source, a first fiber-optic means forming a first light path, a second fiber-optic means forming a second light path, a deflection body and an evaluation circuit, the first and second fiber-optic means receiving radiation from the radiation source on an input side, and radiation guided in the first and second fiber-optic means, respectively, being brought together on an output side with interference radiation being conveyed to the evaluation circuit for evaluation. The first fiber-optic means and the second fiber-optic means are arranged only on the deflection body, at least one of the first and second fiber-optic means being connected on the input side to the beam source with a single feed optical fiber and at least one of the first and second fiber-optic means being connected on the output side to the evaluation circuit by a single evaluation optical fiber.

Method for detection of tunnel excavation by brillouin optical time domain reflectometry

A non transitory computer readable medium and a method of detecting excavation of an underground tunnel, the method includes: propagating a light pulse through an underground optic fiber; generating detection signals responsive to Brillion scattered light resulting from the propagating of the light pulse through the underground optic fiber; wherein the detection signals represent tension values at multiple locations along the underground optic fiber; and processing the detection signals to detect excavation of the underground tunnel.

Methods for measuring and modeling the structural health of pressure vessels based on electronic distance measurements

Methods are disclosed wherein the structural health of a civil structure, pressure vessel, or the like is measured by electronic distance measurement (EDM) from a plurality of stable locations to a plurality of cardinal points on the structure in a methodical manner. By measuring the coordinates of the cardinal points, the dynamic and long-term static behavior of the structure provide an indication of the health of the structure. Analyses includes: comparison to a Finite Element Model (FEM); comparison to historical data; and modeling based on linearity, hysteresis, symmetry, creep, damping coefficient, and harmonic analysis.

Formation Apparatus Using Digital Image Correlation

The present disclosure uses at least three cameras to monitor even a large-scale area. Displacement and strain are measured in a fast, convenient and effective way. The present disclosure has advantages on whole field, far distance and convenience.

FIBER OPTIC INSTRUMENT ORIENTATION SENSING SYSTEM AND METHOD

An instrument system that includes an image capture device, an elongate body, an optical fiber and a controller is provided. The elongate body is operatively coupled to the image capture device. The optical fiber is operatively coupled to the elongate body and has a strain sensor provided on the optical fiber. The controller is operatively coupled to the optical fiber and adapted to receive a signal from the strain sensor and to determine a position or orientation of the image capture device based on the signal. 1. An instrument system , comprising:an image capture device;an elongate body operatively coupled to the image capture device;an optical fiber operatively coupled to the elongate body and having a strain sensor provided on the optical fiber; and receive a signal from the strain sensor; and', 'determine a position or orientation of the image capture device based on the signal., 'a controller operatively coupled to the optical fiber and adapted to2. The instrument system of claim 1 , wherein the image capture device comprises a fluoroscope claim 1 , an optical camera claim 1 , an infrared camera claim 1 , an ultrasound imager claim 1 , a magnetic resonance imager claim 1 , or a computer tomography imager.3. The instrument system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is adapted to determine an orientation of the image capture device by determining a roll or twist angle of the image capture device.4. The instrument system of claim 1 , wherein the strain sensor comprises a Bragg grating provided on the optical fiber.5. The instrument system of claim 1 , wherein the optical fiber is a first optical fiber and the strain sensor is a first strain sensor claim 1 , the instrument system comprising a second optical fiber having a second strain sensor provided thereon and operatively coupled to the elongate body claim 1 , wherein the controller is operatively coupled to the second optical fiber and is adapted to receive a signal from the second strain sensor.6. A method ...

System and method for calibration of optical fiber instrument

An instrument system that includes an elongate body in a geometric configuration, an optical fiber, and a controller is provided. The optical fiber is operatively coupled to the elongate body and has a strain sensor provided on the optical fiber, wherein at least a portion of the optical fiber is in the geometric configuration. The controller is operatively coupled to the optical fiber and adapted to receive, from a source other than the optical fiber, information indicative of the geometric configuration, receive a signal from the strain sensor, and associate the signal with the geometric configuration.

Nested Binary Code Symbol

A non-linear strain gage includes a target for association with an object for which at least one of strain and fatigue damage is to be measured, a sensor, and a computer. The target incorporates a nested binary code symbol for perimeter-based deformation and strain analysis and emits a detectable physical quantity. The binary code symbol includes a boundary binary code symbol having a perimeter constructed of line segments and at least a core code symbol that provides encoded data. The core code symbol is nested within and concentric with the boundary binary code symbol. A method of measuring strain on an object directly using the non-linear strain gage is also provided. 1. A non-linear strain gage comprising: [ a solid, continuous outer perimeter;', 'first and second data regions along adjacent sides of the perimeter, each data region comprising at least one row of a plurality of data cells, each data cell representing a single bit of binary data;', 'first and second utility regions along adjacent sides of the perimeter opposite the first and second data regions, each utility region comprising at least one row of a plurality of utility cells of alternating appearance;', 'first and second finder cells at opposite corners of the rectangle; and', 'inner and outer quiet regions distinguishing the first and second data regions, the first and second utility regions, and the first and second finder cells from their background; and, '(a) a rectangular boundary binary code symbol including, '(b) a core code symbol that provides encoded data;, 'a target for association with an object for which at least one of strain and fatigue damage is to be measured, the target incorporating a nested binary code symbol for perimeter-based deformation and strain analysis, the target emitting a detectable physical quantity and comprisingsensor means for pre-processing the detectable physical quantity emitted by the target and outputting data representing the physical quantity, the sensor ...

Multi-Point Measuring Method of FBG Sensor and Multi-Point Measuring Apparatus

A multi-point measuring apparatus of FBG sensor has an optical fiber, a wide-band wavelength light source, a light-source side light modulator for controlling time of a light entering into the optical fiber, among lights from this light source, a detector side light modulator for controlling time, during which a reflection light from a diffraction grating of the optical fiber penetrates through, a wavelength shift amount calculator for processing a signal obtained through detection of the reflection light from this light modulator, a temperature/distortion calculator for calculating an amount of deformation of a target to be measured from a result of this calculator, and a display portion for displaying information relating to the amount of deformation of this target to be measured. 1. A multi-point measuring method of FBG sensor , having a first optical fiber , forming a diffraction grating on a first core and comprising a first delaying fiber having a first delay time , and a second optical fiber forming a diffraction grating on a second core and comprising a second delaying fiber having a second delay time , comprising the following steps of:modulating a light from a light source within a first light modulator;entering the light, which is modulated within said first light modulator, into said first optical fiber and said second optical fiber;modulating reflection lights from the diffraction grating of said first optical fiber and the diffraction grating of said second optical fiber within a second light modulator;conducting photoelectric conversion on the reflection lights, which are modulated within said second light modulator within a photoelectric converter element; andcalculating a wavelength from the signal, which is obtained through the photoelectric conversion by said photoelectric converter element, and separating the signal from said first optical fiber from the signal from said second optical fiber, in a time-sequential manner, thereby to measure ...

LOW COHERENCE INTERFEROMETRIC SYSTEM FOR PHASE STEPPING SHEAROGRAPHY COMBINED WITH 3D PROFILOMETRY

The present invention relates to a portable industrial instrument for performing, in an integrated and two-way manner, an interferometric fringe projection and shearography, on a object to be tested, so that, when the two-way interferometer () is associated with the coherent or quasi-coherent projection device (), the instrument is able to measure the 3D shape of the object by interferometric fringe projection, also known as moiré method, and, when the two-way interferometer () is associated with the recording or imaging device (), the instrument is able to perform shearographic measurements on the object, the direction of the traversing light beam in the interferometer () being reversed when shifting from one measurement configuration to the other one. 2111111213214215. The portable industrial instrument of claim 1 , characterised in that the two-way interferometer () successively comprises the following components: a first linear polarizer or P () claim 1 , a first calibrated liquid crystal phase variable retarder or LCVR () claim 1 , the Savart plate () claim 1 , a second calibrated liquid crystal phase variable retarder or LCVR () claim 1 , and a second linear polarizer or P ().311111213214215. The portable industrial instrument of claim 2 , characterised in that P () and LCVR () claim 2 , the Savart plate () claim 2 , LCVR () and P () respectively claim 2 , are cemented and can be rotated in block around the optical axis claim 2 , the two blocks being independent.41444111112131132142215. The portable industrial instrument of claim 2 , characterised in that claim 2 , in shearography mode claim 2 , the interferometer () being associated with the recording or imaging device () at said second location () claim 2 , successively claim 2 , P () ensures the linear polarization of an incoming coherent or quasi-coherent light beam reflected by the object claim 2 , LCVR () is set as a λ/4 retarder plate claim 2 , introduced in front of the Savart plate () and rotated with ...

Fiber optic formation dimensional change monitoring

Fiber optic monitoring of dimensional changes within a subterranean formation includes deploying a fiber optic cable assembly in a wellbore and attaching the cable assembly to first and second attachment points on either side of the formation. A surface fiber optic measurement system measures changes in the optical path length between the attachment points of the fiber optic cable assembly. The changes in optical path length are directly indicative of dimensional changes within the formation.

Multiple Optical Channel Autocorrelator Based on Optical Circulator

A multiple optical channel autocorrelator based on an optical fiber circulator includes a broad-band light source, at least an optical-fiber sensor array, an adjustable multiple light beams generator, at least an optical fiber circulator and at least a photoelectric detector. The optical-fiber sensor array is composed of the sensing fibers connected end to end. The online mirrors are formed by the connecting end faces of the adjacent fibers. The adjustable multiple light beams generator includes a fixed arm and an adjustable arm. The optical path difference between the fixed arm and the adjustable arm is adjustable in order to match the optical path of each sensor in the sensor array. The optical fiber circulator couples the signals generated by the multiple light beams generator to the sensor array, and couples the signals returned by the sensor array to the photoelectric detector. The photoelectric detector is connected to the optical fiber circulator. The multiple optical channel autocorrelator based on the optical fiber circulator can implement the real-time online measurement of the physical quantity of multipoint strain or deformation, and has advantages of low light source power loss, high efficiency and good stability.

OPTICAL DETECTION SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME

An optical detection system. The optical detection system includes a host node having (a) an optical source for generating optical signals, and (b) an optical receiver. The optical detection system also includes a plurality of fiber optic sensors for converting at least one of vibrational and acoustical energy to optical intensity information, each of the fiber optic sensors having: (1) at least one length of optical fiber configured to sense at least one of vibrational and acoustical energy; (2) a reflector at an end of the at least one length of optical fiber; and (3) a field node for receiving optical signals from the host node, the field node transmitting optical signals along the at least one length of optical fiber, receiving optical signals back from the at least one length of optical fiber, and transmitting optical signals to the optical receiver of the host node. 1. An optical detection system comprising:a host node including (a) an optical source for generating optical signals, and (b) an optical receiver; anda plurality of fiber optic sensors for converting at least one of vibrational and acoustical energy to optical intensity information, each of the fiber optic sensors including: (1) at least one length of optical fiber configured to sense at least one of vibrational and acoustical energy; (2) a reflector at an end of the at least one length of optical fiber; and (3) at least one field node for receiving optical signals from the host node, the field node transmitting optical signals along the at least one length of optical fiber, the field node receiving optical signals back from the at least one length of optical fiber, and the field node transmitting optical signals to the optical receiver of the host node.2. The optical detection system of wherein the optical source includes at least one of a light emitting diode and a laser.3. The optical detection system of wherein the optical source includes at least one of a superluminescent light emitting diode ...

METHOD FOR MEASURING THE DEFORMATION OF A SPECIMEN USTING A FIBER OPTIC EXTENSOMETER

A method for measuring the deformation of a specimen using an extensometer having a loop of a single-mode optical fiber. At least two points of the loop are attached to desired locations on a specimen. Light is transmitted through the loop and the transmitted optical power is measured by a photodetector. The deformation of the specimen causes the size and shape of the loop to change, which changes the transmitted optical power. The change in optical power is related to extension or compression using calibration curves. The sensor works on the principle of transmitted power modulation through the curved section. 1. A method for measuring the deformation of a specimen comprising the steps of: i) a loop of a single-mode optical fiber;', 'ii) a light source attached to a first end of the loop for transmitting light having an optical power through the loop; and', 'iii) a photodetector attached to a second end of the loop for detecting the light transmitted through the loop,, 'a) attaching a fiber-optic extensometer to a specimen of interest, wherein the fiber-optic extensometer comprises'}b) transmitting the light supplied by the light source through the loop; andc) using the photodetector to detect any change in optical power of the light passing through the loop.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising the step of the deformation of the specimen while the light is being transmitted through the loop.3. The method as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the deformation of the loop changes the optical power of the light being transmitted through the loop.4. The method as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the change in the optical power of the light being transmitted through the loop is related to the deformation of the loop using calibration curves.5. The method as claimed in claim 4 , further comprising coupling the photodetector to a computer having a database of the calibration curves relating the change in the optical power to the deformation of the loop.6. The ...

PORTABLE HIGH-RESOLUTION NON-CONTACT MODULAR SENSOR FOR SURFACE STRAIN MEASUREMENT

A portable optical sensor for measuring surface strain in an object, such as pre-stressed concrete articles, is provided. The sensor is a modular device comprising at least first and second modules, each of which includes a laser and image sensor. When placed adjacent to the object, the laser of each module illuminates respective, spaced-apart areas of the object's surface and each module's image sensor captures at least a portion of the light reflected from the illuminated area and generates a speckle image of the area. Speckle images of the areas taken at various times and/or under various object stress conditions are compared to arrive at a surface strain measurement for the object. 1. An optical strain sensor for detecting strain in an object , said sensor comprising:a first module comprising a first laser and a first image sensor, wherein said first module is configured to illuminate a first area on a surface of said object, and capture at least a portion of light reflected off said first area as a speckle image of said first area;a second module comprising a second laser and a second image sensor, wherein said second module is configured to illuminate a second area on said surface of said object, spaced apart from said first area, and capture at least a portion of light reflected off said second area as a speckle image of said second area; andone or more members interconnecting said first and second modules configured to fix the length between said first and second modules and define a gauge length corresponding to the distance between said first and second areas.2. The optical strain sensor according to claim 1 , wherein each of said first and second image sensors is a CCD sensor.3. The optical strain sensor according to claim 1 , wherein said first and second modules are configured to simultaneously capture said speckle images of said first and second areas.4. The optical strain sensor according to claim 1 , wherein said first module further comprises a ...

CATHETER ARRANGEMENT

At least one embodiment of the invention relates to a catheter arrangement comprising a catheter with a proximal section and a distal section, to measure a force acting on the distal section and simultaneously receive a temperature signal prevailing in the distal section. According to at least one embodiment of the invention, the catheter arrangement comprises an evaluation unit connected to a single combined optical force and temperature sensor, and further comprises a readout signal generator to generate and feed a readout signal modulated with a carrier frequency into the force sensor and temperature sensor. According to at least one embodiment of the invention, the catheter arrangement comprises a first readout device to read out a first modulated measuring signal portion, a second readout means to read out a second unmodulated measuring signal portion, and a processing unit to combine the first and second measuring signal portions. 1. A catheter arrangement comprising:an ablation catheter with a distal section and a proximal section; [ measure a force acting on said distal section, and', 'simultaneously receive a temperature signal prevailing in said distal section; and, 'a single combined optical force and temperature sensor integrated with said distal section and configured to'}, a readout signal generator configured to generate and feed a readout signal modulated with a carrier frequency into said optical force and temperature sensor,', {'b': '1', 'a first readout device configured to read out a first modulated measuring signal portion (M) modulated with said carrier frequency,'}, {'b': '2', 'a second readout device configured to read out a second unmodulated measuring signal portion (M), and'}, 'a processing unit configured to', 'combine said first modulated measuring signal portion and said second unmodulated measuring signal portion, and', 'determine an exclusively force-dependent or attenuation-dependent component and an exclusively temperature-dependent ...

OPTICAL STRAIN GAUGE

The invention relates to an optical strain gauge () using a glass fibre as a strain sensor. The strain gauge comprises a glass fibre comprising a sheath. The sheath has the following composition: a mixture of polyether ether ketone and an admixture of at least 10 weight percent and a maximum of 40 weight percent of an inorganic filler, with a particle size of between 0.08 μm and 12 μm. The outer diameter of the sheath is between 0.2 mm and 1.2 mm. The ratio D/d between the outer diameter D of the sheath and the diameter d of the glass fibre is between 2 and 6. A pressure of the sheath on the glass fibre is such that essentially no relative movement can occur between the glass fibre and the sheath. 1. Optical strain gauge having a glass fiber with a sheath , whereinthe sheath comprises the following composition: a mixture of poly-ether ether ketone and an inorganic filler in admixture of at least 10 percent by weight and maximum 40 percent by weight, with a particle size of 0.08 μm to 12 μm,the outside diameter of the sheath is 0.2 mm to 1.2 mm,the ratio D/d between the outside diameter D of the sheath and the diameter d of the glass fiber is 2 to 6, anda pressure of the sheath on the glass fiber is such that essentially no relative movement between the glass fiber and the sheath can occur.2. Optical strain gauge according to claim 1 , wherein the pressure of the sheath on the glass fiber is at least 120 N/mm.3. Optical strain gauge according to claim 1 , wherein the glass fiber comprises a glass core and a coating of ORMOCER®.4. Optical strain gauge according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler is a silicate.5. Optical strain gauge according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler is a laminated silicate.6. Optical strain gauge according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler is talcum claim 1 , chalk claim 1 , calcium carbonate claim 1 , barium sulfate claim 1 , boron nitride claim 1 , silicon dioxide or bentonite.7. Optical strain gauge according to ...

APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE DEGREE OF VACUUM OF A MULTISTAGE VACUUM HEAT-INSULATING MEMBER, AND MEASUREMENT METHOD USING SAME

An apparatus for measuring the degree of vacuum of a multistage vacuum heat-insulating member and to a measurement method using the same includes a chamber in which a plurality of vacuum heat-insulating members are accommodated and which forms a sealed space; a shelf arranged within the chamber so as to support the plurality of vacuum heat-insulating members in a plurality of layers; a displacement sensor for sensing the displacement of each outer shell of the vacuum heat-insulating members stacked on the shelf; and a vacuum unit connected to the chamber so as to regulate the pressure of the internal space of the chamber. 1. An apparatus for measuring the degree of vacuum of a multistage vacuum heat-insulating panel , comprising:a chamber accommodating a plurality of vacuum insulating panels and providing a closed space;a plurality of shelves placed in the chamber and supporting the plurality of vacuum insulating panels disposed in multiple stages;a plurality of displacement sensors for measuring displacements of sheaths of the vacuum insulating panels placed on the shelves, respectively; anda vacuum unit connected to the chamber to adjust pressure of an interior space of the chamber.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the shelves are multilayered claim 1 , and each of the shelves is formed with through-holes arranged at constant intervals.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each of the shelves has an exposed surface through which the plurality of vacuum insulating panels face a ceiling surface of the chamber.4. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising: a pressure sensor for measuring a pressure of the chamber.5. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein each of the displacement sensors comprises:a light source unit for generating a laser beam, the light source unit using a laser beam as a light source; anda light receiving unit for detecting the laser beam reflected by the sheath of the vacuum insulating panel.6. The ...

Method and assembly for sensing permanent deformation of a structure

The present invention relates to a method of sensing permanent deformation of a structure, the method comprising the steps of; determining the strain required to permanently deform a structure; securing to the structure one or more strain sensors so that a strain sensor will deform when the structure is deformed, wherein the or each strain sensor comprises one or more optical fibers and wherein the or each strain sensor is configured such that it will permanently deform only when the structure permanently deforms; carrying out distributed fiber optic analysis to sense if a strain sensor has been permanently deformed, wherein a permanent deformation of a strain sensor indicates permanent deformation of the structure. The present invention also relates to a corresponding assembly. 1. A method of sensing permanent deformation of a structure , the method comprising the steps of;determining the strain required to permanently deform a structure;securing to the structure one or more strain sensors so that a strain sensor will deform when the structure is deformed, wherein the or each strain sensor comprises one or more optical fibers and wherein the or each strain sensor is configured such that it will permanently deform only when the structure permanently deforms;carrying out distributed fiber optic analysis to sense if a strain sensor has been permanently deformed, wherein a permanent deformation of a strain sensor indicates permanent deformation of the structure, wherein the strain sensor comprises one or more laminated layers, and wherein permanent deformation of the strain sensor comprises the separation of at least some of the one of more laminated layers along at least part of a length of the strain sensor.2. The method according to wherein the or each strain sensor is configured such that the strain required to permanently deform the strain sensor is equal to the strain required to permanently deform the structure.3. A method according to wherein claim 1 , the ...

Frame foot loading measurement system using fiber optic sensing technique

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based sensor is used as a strain sensing element to determine frame foot loading of a generator. Three FBGs may be used in tandem to form a basic Frame Foot Loading Module (FFL Module). Two modules are fixed on each vertical support gusset at the corner of the generator frame, with one module on the front of the gusset and a second module on the back of the gusset. Thus, each gusset may be instrumented with six FBG strain gauges or sensors. The gussets are chosen on each of the four corners of the generator. For two-pole generators the first three gussets at each corner may be used and, for four-pole generators the first four gussets may be used.

Analysis apparatus for contactless analysis of the shape of a transparent body, and method for carrying out the contactless analysis

The invention relates to an analysis apparatus for the contactless analysis of the shape of a transparent body, in particular of a substantially spherical active substance bead, having at least one support for the body and at least one image recording apparatus, wherein the support has a test image, in particular a test grid, and at least one detection means is provided in order to detect, using the detection means, the three-dimensional shape and/or contour of the body and/or the test image which is modulated by the optical properties of the body, in particular the test grid. The invention also relates to a method for the contactless analysis of the shape of the transparent body.

Method and apparatus of measuring precise high speed displacement

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for measuring precise high speed displacement, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for measuring precise high speed displacement, which measures displacement of a test specimen by using a uniform intensity laser line and by using differences in a laser transmission amount according to the deformation of the test specimen, and measures a strain rate of the test specimen such as high strength fiber or the like using a high speed tensile test.

METHOD AND TOOL TO DETERMINE A BRAKE DISK DETERIORATION STATE

Method to determine a deterioration state of a brake disk of a braking system of a vehicle. The method comprises the steps of: emitting, by means of a light emitting head, a beam of light towards a face of the brake disk so as to trace on the face at least one light line, and determine a deterioration state of the brake disk on the basis of the traced light line. 124323322. A method to determine a deterioration state of a brake disk () of a braking system of a vehicle , the method comprises the steps of: emitting , by means of a light emitting head () , a collimated light beam (E) towards a face () of the brake disk () so as to trace at least one light line (L) on said face (); said collimated light beam (E) being emitted in order to have a direction essentially inclined/oblique with respect to the laying plane of said face () of the brake disk (); determining the deterioration state or non-deterioration state of said brake disk () according to said traced light line (L);the method being characterized in that it comprises the steps of:{'b': '2', 'determining a deterioration state or non-deterioration state of the brake disk () according to the presence or absence, respectively, of one or more irregular/distorted geometric segments (T) in said traced light line (L).'}2. (canceled)32. A method according to claim 1 , comprising the step of determining one or more said irregular/distorted geometric segments (T) on said traced light line (L) claim 1 , according to a comparison between said traced light line (L) and a reference line (R) associated with a non-deterioration state of said brake disk ().43256. A method according to claim 1 , comprising the steps of: acquiring/capturing the image of said traced light line (L) on the face () of the brake disk () claim 1 , by means of an electronic image acquisition device (); processing said image of said traced light line (L) acquired/captured by means of an electronic control device () so as to locally determine one or more ...

Bolt sensor

There is provided a bolt sensor which detects a fastened state of a bolt. The bolt sensor includes a sensor body including a through hole into which a shaft of the bolt is to be inserted, a light guide extending along an outer periphery of the sensor body, and a light source configured to emit light to the light guide based on output of the sensor body.

OPTICAL POSITION AND/OR SHAPE SENSING

An accurate measurement method and apparatus using an optical fiber are disclosed. A total change in optical length in an optical core in the optical fiber is determined that reflects an accumulation of all of the changes in optical length for multiple segment lengths of the optical core up to a point on the optical fiber. The total change in optical length in the optical core is provided for calculation of an average strain over a length of the optical core based on the detected total change in optical length. 1. A measurement method for an optical fiber , comprising:determining a total change in optical length in an optical core in the optical fiber that reflects an accumulation of all of the changes in optical length for multiple segment lengths of the optical core up to a point on the optical fiber, andproviding the total change in optical length in the optical core for calculation of an average strain over a length of the optical core based on the detected total change in optical length.2. The method in claim 1 , wherein the determining step includes:using optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) to obtain phase data values along the optical core;determining a phase change between two sets of complex data values associated with the optical core; andwherein the total change in optical length is determined based on the determined phase change.3. The method in claim 2 , wherein the optical core is divided into segments claim 2 , and wherein determining step further comprises:obtaining a reference measurement for each of the multiple segments for producing a reference data set for each of the multiple segments;obtaining a subsequent test measurement for each of the multiple segments for producing a test data set for each of the multiple segments;determining a delay to one of the segments in the multiple segments;adjusting the delay to the one segment to align the reference and test data sets; andcalculating the phase change between the aligned reference and ...

Filtering Distributed Sensing Data

A distributed sensing device for determining a physical quantity which comprises a measuring unit configured for measuring signals over time and space by distributed sensing, a determining unit configured for determining, based on the measured signals, data being correlated to the physical quantity, and a filtering unit configured for filtering the data to reduce noise and substantially preserve real features based on at least one filter parameter which is determined depending on the data which relate to the physical quantity at a plurality of different times.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MEASURING BENDING, WEIGHT ON BIT AND TORQUE ON BIT WHILE DRILLING

An apparatus for determining torque on bit and bending forces in a drilling assembly. The apparatus includes a body having an inner bore defined by an inner wall and having an outer wall, the body also including first and second light bores disposed between the inner wall and the outer wall and a light emitting assembly arranged and configured to cause a light beam to enter the first and second light bores. The assembly further includes first and second light sensors disposed in or at an end of the first and second light bores, respectively, that measure a location where light that enters the first and second light bores contacts the sensors 1. An apparatus for determining torque , bending , or bending force in a drilling assembly , the apparatus including:a body having an inner bore defined by an inner wall and having an outer wall, the body also including a passageway disposed between the inner wall and the outer wall;a light emitting assembly arranged and configured to cause a light beam in the passageway; anda light sensor disposed in or at an end of the passageway that measures a location where the light beam contacts the light sensor.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light emitting assembly includes a light emitting diode.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the light emitting assembly includes a laser.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the passageway comprises two or more passageways5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising;a controller that receives signals from the light sensor indicative of where the light beam contacts the light sensor.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the controller is configured to determine a torque in the drilling assembly based on rotation of where the light beam contacts the light sensor as compared to an initial location.7. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the controller is configured to determine a bending or a bending force the drilling assembly based on translation of where the light beam contacts the ...

Method for Replacing the Blades of a Wind Turbine to Maintain Safe Operation

An amount of the deflection of the blades of a rotor of a wind turbine of the type including a tower and a nacelle mounted to the top of the tower, the rotor being rotatably connected to the nacelle for rotating about a rotor axis and having a plurality of equally spaced blades includes positioning video cameras on the rotor at a root of a respective one of the blades so as to provide a line of sight of the camera along the respective one of the blades to the tip to obtain a video image of the rotor and tip and carrying out an analysis of the images of the tip to determine a position of the tip and hence the deflection of the tip time synchronized analyzed optionally with external data providing load, capacity, power produced or environmental data. 1. A method for replacing a blade of a wind turbine , where the wind turbine comprises a tower , a nacelle mounted to the top of the tower , a rotor rotatably connected to the nacelle for rotating about a rotor axis , the rotor including a plurality of equally spaced blades which rotate angularly around the rotor axis with each blade having a root at an inner end of the blade and a tip at an outer end of the blade ,the method comprising: positioning a plurality of video cameras on the rotor with each of the plurality of video cameras being located at the root of a respective one of the blades so as to provide a line of sight of the respective video camera along an exterior surface of the respective one of the blades to the tip of the respective one of the blades;', 'simultaneously operating by the video cameras to obtain a plurality of video images, where each video image is taken of a respective one of the blades and the tip of the respective blade as the respective blade rotates around the rotor axis;', 'carrying out an analysis of the plurality of video images of the tip of each of the blades to determine a position of the tip of each of the blades and hence the amount of deflection of each of the blades;', 'in the ...

Method and system for monitoring a building structure

A system for monitoring a building structure is described. The system comprises a laser source which emits an infrared radiation and an interferometric arrangement which divides the radiation into an object beam and a reference beam. The object beam irradiates the building structure and is scattered by it, while the reference beam interferes with the scattered object beam so as to create a hologram of the building. The system also comprises a sensor which detects a sequence of holograms and a processing unit which reconstructs the evolution in time of deformations or displacements of the building by numerically processing the sequence of holograms. The system—being based on digital holography—offers various advantages compared to known monitoring techniques, for example techniques which make use of seismometers (possibility of remote monitoring, substantial space-time continuity of the monitoring, capacity for detecting a wider range of deformations and displacements).

STRESS-STRAIN TESTING SYSTEM FOR LARGE-DIAMETER STEEL PIPE PILE OF OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD

The present invention relates to a stress-strain testing system for a large-diameter steel pipe pile of an offshore wind turbine and a construction method, comprising a steel pipe pile, wherein copper belt type sensor cables are correspondingly welded on both sides of the steel pipe pile along an axis direction; each sensor cable is sequentially covered with an epoxy adhesive, gold foil paper and an angle steel welded on the steel pipe pile centering on the copper belt type sensor cable; a fiber core of each copper belt type sensor cable is transferred into a high-strength armored optical cable by a special fixture and then is led out; and the high-strength armored optical cable is connected with a Brillouin optical fiber demodulator. The present invention is applicable to the field of foundation engineering testing and detection technology. 11215672443. A stress-strain testing system for a large-diameter steel pipe pile of an offshore wind turbine , having a steel pipe pile () , wherein copper belt type sensor cables () are correspondingly welded on both sides of the steel pipe pile () along an axis direction; each sensor cable is sequentially covered with an epoxy adhesive () , gold foil paper () and an angle steel () welded on the steel pipe pile (I) by using the copper belt type sensor cable as a center; a fiber core in each copper belt type sensor cable () is transferred into a high-strength armored optical cable () with a special fixture and then is led out; and the high-strength armored optical cable () is connected with a Brillouin optical fiber demodulator ().2. A construction method of the stress-strain testing system for the large-diameter steel pipe pile of the offshore wind turbine of claim 1 , comprising the following steps:{'b': 2', '1', '1, 'a. marking lines for laying copper belt type sensor cables () on both sides of a steel pipe pile () along an axis direction, polishing a surface of the steel pipe pile () along the lines and cleaning dust;'}{'b': ...

SINGLE WAVELENGTH REFLECTION FOR LEADFRAME BRIGHTNESS MEASUREMENT

A method for evaluating a leadframe surface includes positioning a leadframe on a measurement apparatus at a first predetermined distance relative to an end portion of a light source of an optical sensor; irradiating a predetermined area on a surface of the leadframe with light having a single predetermined wavelength from the light source; receiving, with a light receiver of the optical sensor, reflected light from the predetermined area on the surface of the leadframe, and converting the reflected light into an electric signal; determining a reflection intensity value of the predetermined area on the surface of the leadframe based on the electric signal; and calculating a reflection ratio of the predetermined area on the surface of the leadframe based on the reflection intensity value and a predetermined reference reflection intensity value associated with the light source. 120-. (canceled)21. A method of manufacturing a packaged device , the method comprising:mounting a semiconductor chip on a leadframe responsive to a determination that a brightness ratio of a predetermined area on a surface of the leadframe is within a predetermined range;electrically connecting pads on the semiconductor chip with pads on the leadframe;applying a molding compound on the semiconductor chip and the leadframe and curing the molding compound; andsingulating each of a plurality of the leadframes of a leadframe sheet to manufacture a plurality of packaged devices.22. The method of manufacturing the packaged device according to claim 21 , further comprising:positioning the leadframe on a measurement apparatus at a first predetermined distance relative to an end portion of a light source of an optical sensor;irradiating the predetermined area on the surface of the leadframe with the light having the single predetermined wavelength from the light source;receiving, with a light receiver of the optical sensor, reflected light from the predetermined area on the surface of the leadframe, ...

Power meter for cycling

A power meter for cycling is capable of measuring a positional and/or alignment change of a first measurement location on a rigid component of a human-powered vehicle relative to a second measurement location. Power output by the cyclist during cycling is then calculated based upon the measured positional and/or alignment change. The positional and/or alignment change may be measured using, e.g., a magnet/magnetic-field sensor pair or by a light source/light sensor pair.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR NON-INTRUSIVE PIPELINE TESTING

A method for non-intrusive pipeline testing involves constructing the pipeline at a construction location that is above ground, affixing an optical fiber along a surface of a length of the pipeline that is at the construction location, measuring dynamic strain experienced by the length of the pipeline by performing optical interferometry using the optical fiber, and moving the length of the pipeline from the construction location to a different installation location. The optical fiber includes at least one pair of fiber Bragg gratings (“FBGs”) tuned to reflect substantially identical wavelengths with a segment of the optical fiber extending between the FBGs. 1. A method for non-intrusive pipeline testing , the method comprising:(a) constructing the pipeline at a construction location that is above ground;(b) affixing an optical fiber along a surface of a length of the pipeline that is at the construction location, wherein the optical fiber comprises at least one pair of fiber Bragg gratings (“FBGs”) tuned to reflect substantially identical wavelengths with a segment of the optical fiber extending between the FBGs;(c) measuring dynamic strain experienced by the length of the pipeline by performing optical interferometry using the optical fiber; and(d) moving the length of the pipeline from the construction location to a different installation location.2. The method of wherein the installation location comprises a trench.3. The method of or further comprising prior to moving the length of the pipeline claim 1 , removing the optical fiber from the length of the pipeline.4. The method of wherein the fiber remains affixed to the length of the pipeline after the length of the pipeline is moved to the installation location.5. The method of any one of to wherein the fiber extends substantially linearly along the length of the pipeline.6. The method of any one of to wherein the fiber is helically wrapped around the pipeline.7. The method of or wherein the fiber is clamped to ...

WAVEGUIDE AND SENSOR BASED ON SAME

A waveguide is provided. The waveguide having a first core, a second core spaced apart from and parallel with the first core, and a cladding surrounding the first core and the second core. An interstitial portion of the cladding is located between the first core and the second core. A first region of the first core adjacent to the cladding or of the cladding adjacent to the first core is color dyed. 1. A waveguide , comprising:a first core having a first refractive index;a second core having a second refractive index, the second core being spaced apart from and parallel with the first core;a cladding surrounding the first core and the second core, the cladding having a refractive index lower than the first refractive index and the second refractive index, and wherein an interstitial portion of the cladding is located between the first core and the second core; andwherein a first region of the first core adjacent to the cladding or of the cladding adjacent to the first core is color dyed.2. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the first color-dyed region is of the first core and adjacent to the interstitial cladding.3. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the first color-dyed region extends over a cross-sectional area of the first core which is less than or equal to 50% of a cross-sectional area of the first core.4. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the cladding comprises silicone.5. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the first core and/or the second core comprises polyurethane.6. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein a cross-sectional area of the first core is larger than a cross-sectional area of the second core.7. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the first refractive index is the same as the second refractive index.8. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the first core has a diameter of 10 μm to 5 cm claim 1 , and/or a cross sectional area of 100 μmto 25 cm.9. The waveguide of claim 1 , wherein the second core has a diameter of 10 μm to 5 cm claim 1 , and/or a cross ...

COMPUTER-IMPLEMENTED METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING MECHANICAL PROPERTIES BY COUPLED CORRELATION OF IMAGES AND MECHANICAL MODELLING

A computer-implemented method for identifying mechanical parameters of an object subjected to mechanical stress is provided. The method comprises a step of acquiring, by an imaging means, images of the object taken before and during the application of the mechanical stress, three steps of calculating the effects due to the stress carried out either on the basis of the modeling of the recorded images or on the basis of a theoretical mechanical modeling of the stress, a step of defining a functional equal to the difference between the two models and a last step of minimizing said functional so that the experimental model is as close as possible to the theoretical mechanical model. Additional measurements make it possible to refine the method. 1. A computer-implemented method for identifying at least one mechanical parameter called “target parameter” of an object subjected to a mechanical stress , wherein said method comprises the following steps:Step 1: acquiring, by an imaging means, at least two images of the object taken before and during the application of the mechanical stress and measuring the scale factor of the object;{'sub': CIN', 'CIN', 'CIN', 'CIN, 'Step 2: calculating a first functional T(U) corresponding to the correlation of the digital images depending on the displacement field Urepresented using a first kinematic base, said displacement field Ubeing measured at any point of the object under stress between the images of the object under load and without load;'}{'sub': 'CAL', 'Step 3: calculating the calculated displacement field Uat any point of the object;'}{'sub': CAL', 'CAL', 'CAL, 'Step 4: calculating a second functional T(U,{p},{q}) on the basis of the calculated displacement field Urepresented using a second kinematic base, this second functional corresponding to the variational formulation of a mechanical model of the stress depending on the geometry of the object, the forces applied, the boundary conditions, at least the target parameter {p} and ...

INTERNAL CLADDING IN SAPPHIRE OPTICAL DEVICE AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME

Provided is a cladded single crystal sapphire optical device (e.g., a s sapphire optical fiber or wafer). In one embodiment, the innovation provides a method for forming a cladding in a single crystal sapphire optical device by reactor irradiation. The reactor irradiation creates ions external to the optical device that enter the optical device, displace atoms in the optical device, and are implanted in the optical device, thus modifying the index of refraction of the optical device near the surface of the optical device and creating a cladding in the sapphire optical device. 1. A sapphire optical device having a graded internal refractive cladding within the sapphire optical device.2. The sapphire optical device of claim 1 , wherein the sapphire optical device is a sapphire optical fiber.3. The sapphire optical device of inscribed with at least one type-II Bragg grating.4. The sapphire optical device of claim 1 , wherein the sapphire optical device is a sapphire optical wafer.5. The sapphire optical device of claim 4 , wherein the sapphire optical wafer includes an ion implanted waveguide.6. A waveguide comprising the sapphire optical device of . The waveguide of claim 4 , wherein the waveguide is implemented onto a silicon chip.87. The waveguide of claim claim 4 , wherein the silicon chip is incorporated into a photonic device.9. The waveguide of claim 9 , wherein the photonic device is a silicon chip-based spectroscopy device. This application is a Continuation of and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/928,411 entitled “Internal Cladding in Sapphire Optical Device and Method of Making Same’ filed on Mar. 22, 2018 which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/475,312 entitled “Creation of an Internal Cladding in Sapphire Optical Fiber by Reactor Irradiation” filed on Mar. 23, 2017, each of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.The innovation relates to internal cladding in sapphire optical ...

SMART COATING DEVICE FOR STORAGE TANK MONITORING AND CALIBRATION

A device and system for enabling calibration of a structure includes at least one elongate strap having a lower temperature coefficient than the structure, and a length sufficient to encompass a circumference of an external surface of the structure, and at least one diffraction grating having a temperature coefficient at least as high as the structure, wherein the diffraction grating is coupled to the strap and is in direct contact with the external surface of the structure. Deformations in the external surface of the structure induce corresponding deformations in the diffraction grating. 1. A device for enabling calibration of a structure comprising:at least one elongate strap having a lower temperature coefficient than the structure, and a length sufficient to encompass a circumference of an external surface of the structure; andat least one diffraction grating having a temperature coefficient at least as high as the structure, wherein the diffraction grating is coupled to the strap and in direct contact with the external surface of the structure,wherein deformations in the external surface of the structure induce corresponding deformations in the diffraction grating.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one elongate strap includes a first strap positioned at a first height on the external surface of the structure and a second strap positioned at a second height on the external surface of the structure.3. The device of claim 1 , wherein one or more of the at least one elongate strap includes a plurality of segments claim 1 , each of the plurality of segments including a diffraction grating.4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one diffraction grating is two-dimensional and includes periodic features aligned in perpendicular directions.5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one elongate strap is composed of a glass fiber material.6. A system for enabling calibration of a structure comprising: at least one elongate strap having a lower ...

MONITORING DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR THE MONITORING OF AN AREA OF BUILDING OR LAND, USING AT LEAST ONE LIGHT WAVEGUIDE

A monitoring device is provided that is used for the monitoring of an area of building or land, including an optical strand used as a sensor, one optical source for emitting an optical emission signal transmitted in the optical strand, and one optical analogue detector for detecting an intensity of an optical return signal corresponding to the optical emission signal returning from the optical strand. The monitoring device is arranged as a compact unit and includes a controller for alternately activating and deactivating the emission of the optical source so that a ratio between the non-emission duration and the emission duration is greater than 5000. A monitoring system is also provided including such a monitoring device, and a monitoring method carried out in the monitoring device. 1. A monitoring device used for the monitoring of an area of building or land by detecting monitoring data relating to an optical signal after a round trip in an optical strand , comprising:an optical strand used as a sensor, comprising optical waveguides under mechanical prestress to such an extent that they are subjected to tensile stress even when subjected to little deformation;one optical source for emitting an optical emission signal transmitted in the optical strand;one optical analogue detector for detecting monitoring data comprising an intensity of an optical return signal corresponding to the optical emissionsignal returning from the optical strand; and the monitoring device is arranged as a compact unit and comprises control means for alternately activating and deactivating the emission of the optical source so that a ratio between the non-emission duration and the emission duration is greater than 5000.2. The monitoring device according to claim 1 , characterized in that said control means for alternately activating and deactivating the emission of the optical source are arranged to periodically activate the emission of the optical source one microsecond per time period ...

Device and Method of Measuring Deformation of a Gripper of a Robot

Disclosed herein are devices and methods for measuring deformation of a gripper of a robot. Devices for measuring deformation of a gripper of a robot include: a frame mounted in the vicinity of the robot at which the gripper taking out components is formed; a sensor block provided on the frame that is configured to sense the deformation of the gripper; and a controlling part connected to the sensor block that is configured to analyze and manage a deformation state of the gripper. A deformation state of the gripper of the robot is measured, such that a component takeout defect and component work line non-operation due to the deformation may be sensed and prevented in advance, a state of the gripper may be managed, and real-time monitoring may be possible, thereby improving work reliability and an operation rate. 1. A device for measuring deformation of a gripper of a robot , comprising:a frame mounted in the vicinity of the robot at which the gripper taking out components is formed;a sensor block provided on the frame configured to sense the deformation of the gripper; anda controlling part connected to the sensor block that is configured to analyze and manage a deformation state of the gripper.2. The device for measuring deformation of a gripper of a robot according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor block includes:a plate provided on the frame;a plurality of laser displacement sensors provided on the plate that are configured to sense the deformation of the gripper; anda plurality of brackets fixing the respective laser displacement sensors to an upper surface of the frame.3. The device for measuring deformation of a gripper of a robot according to claim 2 , wherein the sensor block further includes a fixing plate mounting the laser displacement sensors on the brackets.4. The device for measuring deformation of a gripper of a robot according to claim 2 , wherein an outer side of the laser displacement sensor is provided with a cover covering the laser displacement ...

MEASURING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE COURSE OF A BONDING WAVE

The invention relates to a measuring device for determining a course of a bonding wave in a gap () between a first substrate () and a second substrate (). 1. A measuring device for determining a course of a bonding wave in a gap between a first substrate and a second substrate , said measuring device comprising:at least one transmitter located at a peripheral edge of the gap for transmitting signals in the form of electromagnetic waves along a signal path running through the gap; andat least one receiver, located at the peripheral edge of the gap for receiving the signals of the signal path which are sent by the at least one transmitter through the gap and which can change before bonding of the first and second substrates and/or during bonding of the first and second substrates.2. The measuring device according to claim 1 , wherein said measuring device is usable in a bonding device.3. The measuring device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmitter and/or the at least one receiver is movable along the peripheral edge.4. The measuring device according to claim 1 , wherein said measuring device comprises a plurality of said transmitters distributed at the peripheral edge of the gap and/or a plurality of said receivers distributed at the peripheral edge of the gap.5. The measuring device according to claim 1 , wherein each said transmitter transmits a plurality of signal paths and/or each said receiver is assigned to a single signal path.6. The measuring device according to claim 1 , wherein the measuring device includes an evaluation unit for determining measured values along the signal paths of the signals received by the at least one receiver.7. The measuring device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one receiver detects one or more optical properties of the signals.8. A bonding device claim 1 , comprising a measuring device according to .9. The bonding device according to claim 8 , said bonding device further comprising influencing means ...

Distributed nondestructive structural defects detection in slickline cables

In some embodiments, a distributed nondestructive inspection method for slickline cable structural defect detection transmits a light pulse along an optical waveguide in the slickline cable. A reflected light signal is 5 received from the optical waveguide in response to the light pulse. Defects can then be determined in the slickline cable based on variations in scattering intensity, phase shift, specific spectral signature, power spectral density, strain amplitude, and/or transmission loss of the reflected light signal as compared to the light pulse.

Optical Measurement System

An optical measurement system comprising a vessel for non-invasively testing a sample material composition in-situ and in real time. The test chamber is configured to hold a sample material composition for a wellbore. The optical measurement system is configured to provide in-situ monitoring of the sample material composition in real time and at high temperature and high pressure. Dimensional and geometrical changes occurring within the sample material composition are monitored using the optical measurement system. The system further performs goniometry on a sample. 1. A measurement system for providing real-time , in-situ measurements of dimensional changes of a sample , comprising:a vessel including an internal volume configured to house the sample;a means for controlling pressure and temperature in the internal volume of the vessel; andan optical sensor configured to monitor dimensional changes in the sample over time and perform goniometry on the sample.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an optical sensor disposed on top of the vessel and configured to monitor the position of the sample within the internal volume of the vessel.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of optical sensors.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the optical sensors are disposed about the perimeter of the vessel.5. The system of claim 4 , further comprising:a reference point; andan image processing system,wherein the optical sensors are configured to be self-calibrating with regard to the reference point by the image processing system.6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a circular flexible ring mold capable of expanding and contracting and disposed within the internal volume of the vessel claim 1 , wherein the ring mold is disposed around the sample.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the ring mold comprises light sources being detectable by the optical sensor.8. The system of claim 7 , wherein deviation of the light sources over time is indicative of ...

DISTRIBUTED MEASURING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY MEASURING STRAIN AND TEMPERATURE BASED ON OPTICAL FREQUENCY DOMAIN REFLECTION

The present invention discloses a distributed device for simultaneously measuring strain and temperature based on optical frequency domain reflection, comprising a tunable laser, a 1:99 beam splitter, a main interferometer system, a light source phase monitoring system based on an auxiliary interferometer, an acquisition device and a computer processing unit, wherein the main interferometer system comprises two Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and two optical fibers having different cladding diameters are arranged in parallel as sensing fibers. Due to the difference in temperature and strain coefficients of optical fibers of the same diameter, the temperature and strain values during changing the temperature and strain simultaneously can be obtained by matrix operation, thereby achieving an effect of eliminating cross sensitivity of temperature and strain sensing in optical frequency domain reflection. 2. The distributed device for simultaneously measuring strain and temperature based on optical frequency domain reflection according to claim 1 , wherein the two optical fibers that constitute the sensing fiber are not limited to a standard optical fiber and a small-diameter optical fiber claim 1 , where a relational expression of KK−KK≠0 claim 1 , between the temperature sensing coefficients Kand Kand the strain sensing coefficients Kand Kof the two optical fibers is met claim 1 , the temperature and the strain change parameters can be measured simultaneously.4. The distributed device for simultaneously measuring strain and temperature based on optical frequency domain reflection according to claim 3 , wherein the two optical fibers that constitute the sensing fiber are not limited to the standard optical fiber and the small-diameter optical fiber claim 3 , where a relational expression of KK−KK≠0 between the temperature sensing coefficients Kand Kand the strain sensing coefficients Kand Kof the two optical fibers is met claim 3 , the temperature and the strain change ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOVING DENTS FROM A WIND TURBINE TOWER

A system and method for removing a dent from a wind turbine tower is provided. The system includes a measuring system configured for measuring a shape of the dent in at least two dimensions. A ram assembly is configured to be placed against the dent and an inside portion of the wind turbine tower. A control system is connected to both the ram assembly and the measuring system, and the control system is configured for controlling operation of the ram assembly based on data received from the measuring system. The measuring system monitors the shape of the dent during activation of the ram assembly. 1. A system for removing a dent from a wind turbine tower , the system comprising:a measuring system configured for measuring a shape of the dent in at least two dimensions;a ram assembly configured to be placed against the dent and an inside portion of the wind turbine tower;a control system connected to both the ram assembly and the measuring system, the control system configured for controlling operation of the ram assembly based on data received from the measuring system; andwherein, the measuring system monitors the shape of the dent during activation of the ram assembly.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the measuring system further comprises at least one of:proximity sensors, contact sensors, or imaging sensors.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the measuring system includes a two dimensional array of sensors.4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the measuring system is configured for measuring the shape of the dent in three dimensions.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ram assembly further comprises:a single ram that is at least one of hydraulically, electrically or pneumatically powered.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ram assembly further comprises:an array of rams, where each individual ram is at least one of hydraulically, electrically or pneumatically powered; andwherein the array of rams is configured in a two-dimensional pattern.7. The system of claim ...

SHEET FOR EVALUATING STRUCTURE DEFORMATION

Problem: To provide a sheet that can clearly and easily measure displacement when displacement of a subject is small, and to provide an article for evaluating the deformation of a building containing this sheet. Resolution Means: A sheet having a first main surface and a second main surface facing the first main surface, including a first section having a first pattern image, a second section having a second pattern image, and the third section provided between the first section and the second section, wherein the first section has higher extensibility then the second section, the first section includes a first main surface of the sheet, the second section includes a second main surface of the sheet, the first pattern image is visible through the second pattern image, and the first main surface includes a high adhesive surface and a low adhesive surface. 1. A sheet having a first main surface and a second main surface facing the first main surface , comprising:a first section with a first pattern image,a second section with a second pattern image, anda third section provided between the first section and the second section;the first section has higher extensibility than the second section,the first section includes the first main surface of the sheet,the second section includes the second main surface of the sheet,the first pattern image is visible through the second pattern image, andthe first main surface includes a high adhesion surface and a low adhesion surface.2. The sheet according to claim 1 , wherein the high adhesion surface is configured of one or more type of pressure sensitive adhesive selected from the group consisting of acrylic adhesives claim 1 , rubber adhesives claim 1 , and epoxy adhesives.3. The sheet according to claim 1 , comprising a gauge provided in a region that includes a region that overlaps the low adhesion surface when observing the sheet from the normal direction to the first main surface.4. The sheet according to claim 1 , wherein ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE SHAPE, DIMENSIONS AND FLEXIBILITY OF SHOES

The invention relates to measurement technology and is intended for measuring the shape, the internal dimensions and the flexibility of shoes. The proposed measurement method consists in using probes with indicators, which create tension on the measured surface. A camera and a flat marking band are used for tracing the shape of the internal surface of a shoe. On the basis of the sum of the images, a three-dimensional model of the internal surface of the tested shoe is made, and the flexibility properties are determined by scanning the object with different forces. A device comprises a body, a camera mounted therein, two or more probes with indicators, and a flat marking band. The invention makes it possible to increase accuracy and to reduce the labor intensiveness and time of measurements. 1. A method of measuring a shape , dimensions and elastic properties of an inner surface of hollow objects , comprising: a device being inserted into the object to be measured , a camera , which through indicators located on probes that create a uniform state of stress on the surface to be measured , receives spatial data in relation to a flat marking strip , by means of which a three-dimensional model of the interior space of the object is built , the dimensions of which are received as a result of measuring the three-dimensional model , and the elastic properties are obtained as a result of scanning the same object with a different force applied and measuring a difference modulus between a final and an original dimensions of the deformed object.2. A method of building a three-dimensional model of an inner surface of hollow objects , said method consisting in: detecting a position of indicators of probes on video image frames , calculating a position of points and of a total of contact points of the probes with the surface through a mathematical algorithm and obtaining a set of current sections of the inner surface in a form of a set of points; detecting on the video image ...

SUBSTRATE WARPING MONITORING DEVICE AND SUBSTRATE PROCESSING APPARATUS USING THE SAME, AND SUBSTRATE WARPING MONITORING METHOD

There is provided a substrate warping monitoring device for monitoring a warping of a substrate mounted in a substrate mounting region formed in a rotary table along a circumferential direction during rotation of the rotary table, including: an optical displacement meter located above the rotary table and configured to irradiate a light to a predetermined position on the rotary table, receive a reflected light reflected off the rotary table and the substrate which passes through the predetermined position and measure a surface profile of the substrate; a memory part configured to store a measurement value acquired when the light is irradiated on a predetermined reference surface, as a reference value; and a calculation part configured to calculate a warping amount of the substrate based on the surface profile of the substrate measured by the optical displacement meter and the reference value stored in the memory part. 1. A substrate warping monitoring device for monitoring a warping of a substrate mounted in a substrate mounting region formed in a rotary table along a circumferential direction during rotation of the rotary table , comprising:an optical displacement meter located above the rotary table and configured to irradiate a light to a predetermined position on the rotary table, receive a reflected light reflected off the rotary table and the substrate which passes through the predetermined position and measure a surface profile of the substrate;a memory part configured to store a measurement value acquired when the light is irradiated on a predetermined reference surface, as a reference value; anda calculation part configured to calculate a warping amount of the substrate based on the surface profile of the substrate measured by the optical displacement meter and the reference value stored in the memory part.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the optical displacement meter includes a plurality of optical displacement meters installed so as to monitor ...

APPARATUS FOR SENSING OPERATION OF AIR CUSHION AND METHOD THEREFOR

An apparatus for sensing the operation of an air cushion includes an air cushion with the inside provided with a plurality of patterns filled with air; a part for sensing the air pressure inside the air cushion so as to output a corresponding air pressure sensing signal; a part for sensing the temperature inside the air cushion so as to output a corresponding temperature sensing signal; a photographic part arranged in the lower part of the air cushion for photographing the plurality of patterns so as to output an image of each pattern; and a control unit for determining the air pressure inside the air cushion by measuring the force exerted on the air cushion in the Y-direction based on the temperature, air pressure and contact area, and by measuring the force exerted on the air cushion in the X-direction based on the displacement of the contact area. 1. An apparatus for sensing an operation of an air cushion , the apparatus comprising:an air cushion, an inside of which is filled with air, the air cushion having a plurality of patterns arrayed on an inner surface thereof;a pneumatic pressure sensor sensing a pneumatic pressure in the air cushion to output a corresponding pneumatic pressure sensing signal;a temperature sensor sensing a temperature in the air cushion to output a corresponding temperature sensing signal;a capturing unit positioned in a bottom portion of the air cushion, capturing the plurality of patterns, and outputting a pattern image for each captured pattern; anda controller connected to the pneumatic pressure sensing unit, temperature sensing unit, and capturing unit, determining the pneumatic pressure in the air cushion by using the pneumatic sensing signal, determining the temperature in the air cushion by using the temperature sensing signal, comparing the captured pattern image with an initial pattern image to determine an area of a contact surface between the air cushion and a pressure applying unit, which applies pressure to an outer side of ...

DETERMINING DEVICE CURVATURE IN SMART BENDABLE SYSTEMS

Systems and methods may provide for determining an amount of physical bend in an electronic device and comparing the amount of physical bend to a threshold. Additionally, a warning may be generated if the amount of physical bend exceeds the threshold. In one example, one or more values representing the amount of physical bend are stored to a nonvolatile memory on the device and retrieved in accordance with one or more of a diagnostic push event or a diagnostic pull event. 1a bendable chassis;a bendable display; and determine an amount of physical bend experienced in one or more of the bendable chassis or the bendable display;', 'compare the amount of physical bend to a threshold; and', 'generate a warning if the amount of physical bend exceeds the threshold., 'logic, implemented at least partly in fixed-functionality hardware, to. An electronic device comprising: Embodiments generally relate to bendable electronic devices. More particularly, embodiments relate to determining device curvature in bendable systems.Electronic devices such as, for example, smart phones and tablet computers may be carried and/or manipulated in a manner that causes the devices to physically bend (e.g., either deliberately or non-deliberately). If the bending is excessive, damage may occur to the device, wherein the source of the damage may be difficult to determine in diagnostic settings such as warranty claim processing environments. While mechanical stops and/or reinforcements may be incorporated into the device in order to limit bending, such a solution may substantially increase the overall cost and/or weight of the device.Turning now to , a device is shown, wherein the device may include, for example, a tablet computer, smart phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), mobile Internet device (MID), wearable computer, media player, etc., or any other bendable device. At an illustrated time to, the device is in a substantially flat (e.g., unbent) state and at time tthe device may be bent ...

NON-DESTRUCTIVE OPTICAL METHOD FOR DETERMINING MINIMUM BOND STRENGTH AND PROVING BOND EFFICACY

A method for determining a strain includes bonding first and second components together, at an elevated temperature, using a bonding agent. A strain is then measured in the first component using a strain measurement tool as the first component cools from the elevated temperature. The strain measurement tool is configured to detect movement the first component as the first component cools. 1. A method for determining a strain , comprising:bonding first and second components together, at an elevated temperature, using a bonding agent; andmeasuring a strain in the first component using a strain measurement tool as the first component cools from the elevated temperature, wherein the strain measurement tool is configured to detect movement the first component as the first component cools.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying a visual indicator material to the first component claim 1 , wherein the strain measurement tool detects movement of particles in the visual indicator material as the first component cools.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising comparing the strain to a reference standard.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first component and the second component have different coefficients of thermal expansion.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first component and the second component have different strengths.6. A method for determining a strain claim 4 , comprising:applying a visual indicator material to a first component;applying a bonding agent to the first component;pressing the first component and a second component together with the bonding agent positioned at least partially therebetween;heating the first component and the bonding agent;cooling the first component and the bonding agent; andmeasuring a strain in the first component using a strain measurement tool, wherein the strain measurement tool is configured to detect movement of the visual indicator material on the first component as the first component cools.7. The method ...

INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD, PROGRAM, AND INFORMATION PROCESSING SYSTEM

[Object] To analyze a strain of a biological sample more accurately. [Solution] Provided is an information processing device including: a setting unit configured to set at least one region of interest from one captured image constituting a dynamic image for a biological sample; an analysis object specifying unit configured to specify an analysis object for the at least one region of interest; a detection unit configured to detect a motion of the analysis object in the dynamic image; and an analysis unit configured to analyze a strain of the biological sample related to the at least one region of interest on a basis of the detected motion of the analysis object. 1. An information processing device , comprising:a setting unit configured to set at least one region of interest from one captured image constituting a dynamic image for a biological sample;an analysis object specifying unit configured to specify an analysis object for the at least one region of interest;a detection unit configured to detect a motion of the analysis object in the dynamic image; andan analysis unit configured to analyze a strain of the biological sample related to the at least one region of interest on a basis of the detected motion of the analysis object.2. The information processing device according to claim 1 , wherein the analysis object specifying unit specifies two measurement points on a contour line of the at least one region of interest claim 1 , as the analysis object claim 1 ,the detection unit detects motions of the two measurement points in the dynamic image, andthe analysis unit analyzes the strain on a basis of the motions of the two measurement points.3. The information processing device according to claim 2 , wherein the analysis object specifying unit specifies arrangement positions of the two measurement points on a basis of a shape of the contour line.4. The information processing device according to claim 2 , wherein the analysis object specifying unit specifies ...

DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM

A dynamic mechanical analysis system provides an actuator that imparts expansion and contraction forces (e.g. shear force) to a viscoelastic material at high frequencies. Such high frequency analysis allows for the direct and accurate measurement of the characteristics of the material at high expansion/contraction frequencies directly, without the use of additional predictive analysis techniques, such as time-temperature superposition. The system also utilizes a clamping system, whereby two different sections of the viscoelastic material are held in place between by a pair of fixed clamps and a force member that is moved by the actuator. As such, the system is able to subject the viscoelastic material sample to simulated “road” conditions to identify various performance properties associated with the material sample. 1. A dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) system comprising:a fixture;an actuator attached to said fixture;a force sensor carried by said actuator;an adjustable clamp assembly attached to said fixture and adapted to hold an elastomeric material;a computing unit in operative communication with said force sensor and said actuator;wherein said actuator is configured to be controlled by said computing unit to apply a periodic force to the material at a test frequency between 100 Hz to 10 kHz, and wherein said force sensor measures said force applied by said actuator to the material.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein said force is a shear force.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein said actuator is a piezoelectric actuator.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein said force sensor is a piezoelectric sensor.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein said clamp assembly comprises:a first clamp member attached to said fixture;a second clamp member attached to said fixture;a force member attached to said actuator;wherein the material includes a first section of material and a second section of material, wherein said clamp assembly is configured such that the first section of ...

Deformation Verification System and Method of Vehicle Body

A deformation verification system of a vehicle body includes a dip tank in which fluid is contained. The dip tank has a transparent window from the outside to see the inside. A moving device is configured to lower the vehicle body into the fluid, to move the vehicle body in the fluid and to raise the vehicle body. A camera is installed to detect the form of the vehicle body through the transparent window.

3D IC BUMP HEIGHT METROLOGY APC

The present disclosure relates to a method of bump metrology that relies upon advanced process control (APC) to provide substrate warpage parameters describing a warpage of a substrate to a bump metrology module to improve focus of the bump metrology module. In some embodiments, the method measures one or more substrate warpage parameters of a semiconductor substrate. An initial focal height of a lens of a bump metrology module is calculated based upon the measured substrate warpage parameters. The lens of the bump metrology module is then placed at the initial focal height, and height and critical dimensions of a plurality of bumps on the semiconductor substrate are subsequently measured using the lens. By providing the substrate warpage parameters to the bump metrology module, the bump metrology module can use real-time process control to account for wafer warpage, thereby improving throughput and yield. 1. A method of performing substrate metrology , comprising:measuring one or more substrate warpage parameters of a semiconductor substrate;calculating a parameter of a substrate metrology module based upon the one or more substrate warpage parameters; andmeasuring a height and a width of a bump on the semiconductor substrate by operating the substrate metrology module according to the parameter.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more substrate warpage parameters comprise a height of the semiconductor substrate relative to a median surface reference plane extending through a median height of the semiconductor substrate.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:performing a corrective action on the semiconductor substrate if the height or the width violate a pre-determined criteria.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining an orientation of the semiconductor substrate; andaligning the one or more substrate warpage parameters to the orientation of the semiconductor substrate prior to measuring the height and the width of the bump.5. The ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MEASURING THE SLOSHING IN THE CARGO TANK OF A LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS CARRIER

An apparatus and method for measuring the sloshing in the cargo tank of a liquefied natural gas carrier is provided. The apparatus includes: a plate-shaped floating mat coupler which floats on the surface of the liquefied natural gas contained in the cargo tank of a liquefied natural gas carrier and moves in accordance with the movement of the liquefied natural gas; and an optical sensor measuring acceleration using optical sensor technology to measure acceleration when the floating mat coupler floats by being inserted in one or more positions in the floating mat coupler. The characteristics of the movement occurring in accordance with the sloshing of the liquefied natural gas in the cargo tank of a liquefied natural gas carrier, and the shock and deformation which the inner wall of the cargo tank is subjected to because of such movement, are measured at multiple angles. 1. An apparatus for measuring sloshing in a cargo tank of a liquefied natural gas carrier comprising:a plate-shaped floating mat assembly which floats together with a movement of liquefied natural gas (LNG) on the surface of LNG stored in the cargo tank of the LNG carrier; andoptical acceleration sensors mounted at one or more positions of the floating mat assembly to measure acceleration generated when the floating mat assembly floats, using an optical sensor technology.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:optical strain sensors mounted at one or more positions of a cargo tank inner wall of the LNG carrier to measure strain of the cargo tank inner wall generated by shock applied to the cargo tank inner wall when LNG moves, using the optical sensor technology.3. The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the floating mat assembly is formed by coupling of a plurality of floating mat units.4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the floating mat units have a polyhedral shape so that faces of the floating mat units come into contact with each other.5. The apparatus ...

BATTERY PACK CAPABLE OF SWELLING DETECTION

A battery pack includes at least one battery cell, an optical fiber sensing unit including a plate-type detection unit made of optical fibers horizontally and vertically arranged in a grid form. The plate-type detection unit is deformed by deformation of the at least one battery cell, a photoresistor to collect light reflected from the optical fiber sensing unit, and a controller configured to determine if swelling occurred in the at least one battery cell based on a resistance value with a change in an amount of light collected by the photoresistor. 1. A battery pack , comprising:at least one battery cell;an optical fiber sensor including a plate-type detector made of optical fibers horizontally and vertically arranged in a grid form, wherein the plate-type detector is deformed by deformation of the at least one battery cell;a photoresistor to collect light reflected from the optical fiber sensor; anda controller configured to determine if swelling occurred in the at least one battery cell based on a resistance value with a change in an amount of light collected by the photoresistor.2. The battery pack according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one battery cell is a plate-type battery cell claim 1 , and the plate-type detector of the optical fiber sensor has a size and location that covers a large scale area of the at least one battery cell.3. The battery pack according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one battery cell is a plate-type battery cell and stacked and arranged with an adjacent battery cell such that the large scale areas come into contact with each other to form a battery cell assembly claim 2 , andwherein the battery cell assembly is maintained by a case, and the optical fiber sensor is disposed in the battery cell assembly or between the battery cell assembly and the case.4. The battery pack according to claim 3 , wherein the photoresistor is attached to the case.5. The battery pack according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to give ...

System of measuring warpage and method of measuring warpage

Disclosed herein are a system of measuring a warpage and a method of measuring a warpage. The system of measuring a warpage of a sample by analyzing an image photographed by the camera using light that is diffused from a light source and reflected on a surface of a sample and is arrived at the camera through a reference grating part, the system includes: an intake part that removes a fume generated from the sample. By this configuration, it is possible to measure the warpage while effectively removing the fume generated from the sample according to the increase in the temperature of the sample at the time of measuring the warpage, thereby improving the accuracy of the warpage measurement.

Fixture For Shape-Sensing Optical Fiber in a Kinematic Chain

A first link and a second link are articulated relative to each other via a joint coupled between the first and second links. A shape-sensing optical fiber is used to sense a position of the first link and the second link relative to each other. The fiber passes through a channel having an opening defining a lip and extending from the first link toward the joint. The lip has a curved surface that begins substantially tangent to a wall of the channel, and during bending of the optical fiber, the optical fiber is positioned tangent to the curved surface of the lip. 149.-. (canceled)50. An apparatus comprising:a medical instrument including a first portion and a second portion;a flexible tube extending within and between the first and second portions of the medical instrument; andan optical fiber shape sensor extending through the flexible tube between the first and second portions of the medical instrument.51. The apparatus of wherein the medical instrument further includes a joint extending between the first and second portions and the flexible tube extends through the joint.52. The apparatus of wherein the joint has multiple degrees of freedom.53. The apparatus of wherein the joint includes a plurality of links.54. The apparatus of wherein the joint includes a continuously bending flexible structure.55. The apparatus of wherein the flexible tube comprises fluorinated ethylene propylene.56. The apparatus of wherein the flexible tube comprises a shape memory alloy.57. The apparatus of wherein the shape memory alloy comprises a Nickel/Titanium alloy.58. The apparatus of wherein the flexible tube provides an effective minimum bend radius for the optical fiber shape sensor of less than about 10 mm.59. The apparatus of wherein the optical fiber shape sensor includes a coating.60. The apparatus of wherein the coating comprises an acrylate coating.61. The apparatus of wherein the optical fiber shape sensor is constrained to slide longitudinally with reference to the first ...

LED Crush Sensor

A sensor assembly for detecting crush of a compliant material. The sensor assembly includes a light source such as an LED, and a light sensor. In one implementation, the sensor assembly is used for detecting and impact of a motor vehicle with an external object or structure. Crush of the energy absorbing material, which may be provided in the form of an open or closed cell type polymeric foam is detected through a change in the intensity of the reflected back light received by the light sensor in response to compression of the energy absorber material. Other applications are contemplated. 1. A crush sensor assembly for detecting compression of a compliant material , comprising:a light source generating light interacting with the compliant material, the compliant material of the type being partially transmissive and partially reflective of the light, anda light sensor positioned adjacent to the light source such that the sensor receives light produced by the light sensor which is reflected back to the light sensor from within the volume of the compliant material, and upon deformation of the compliant material, the intensity of the light received by the light sensor changes, thereby providing an indication of the compression of the compliant material.2. The crush sensor assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the light source and the light sensor are integrated into a sensor assembly.3. The crush sensor assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the compliant material is in the form of a polymeric foam material.4. The crush sensor assembly according to claim 1 , further comprising a controller for receiving a signal from the light sensor and for detecting a change in the intensity of light received by the light sensor for detecting the compression of the compliant material.5. The crush sensor assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the compliant material is formed of a polymeric material which is one of a closed cell foam claim 1 , an open cell foam claim 1 , and a gel.6 ...

PRE-FORMED OPTICAL MEANDER STRUCTURES FOR USE IN AN OPTICAL STRAIN GAUGE SYSTEM FOR MEASUING STRAIN, AND A METHOD

An optical fiber strain sensor system and method are provided that use pre-formed optical structures instead of optical fibers for measuring the strain, or stress, placed on a subject object. The use of pre-formed optical structures in the optical strain gauge system eliminates many of the limitations associated with the use of optical fibers. Because the optical structures are pre-formed structures, they can be made with very tight tolerances to ensure high measurement accuracy and repeatability. The pre-formed structures can be made in low to high volume at low cost and can be made of a variety of materials to ensure that the structures are suitable for use with the material of which the subject object is made. Also, the pre-formed structures can be made very compact while achieving higher sensitivity and exhibiting less optical loss than fiber. 1. A pre-formed optical meander structure for use as an optical strain gauge in an optical strain gauge system for sensing strain in a subject object , the pre-formed optical meander structure comprising at least a first end , a second end and a first light guide extending from the first end of the meander structure to the second end of the meander structure , the first light guide having a first end and a second end and having a plurality of light-guiding portions connected end-to-end in a predetermined configuration.2. The pre-formed optical meander structure of claim 1 , wherein the light-guiding portions include at least a plurality of straight light-guiding portions and a plurality of loop light-guiding portions claim 1 , wherein the loop light-guiding portions interconnect the straight light-guiding portions with one another claim 1 , and wherein the structure is made of a material that has characteristics of stiffness and flexibility that allow the straight light-guiding portions to deform by an amount that depends on an amount of strain placed on the straight light-guiding portions by the subject object and to ...

METHOD FOR ANALYZING STRESS IN AN OBJECT

A method for analyzing stress in an object according to spectrum data is provided. The spectrum data is obtained from an interference fringe pattern of the object that results from performing photoelasticity. The method includes: analyzing the spectrum data to obtain three sets of intensity data related respectively to different wavelengths of light used in photoelasticity; calculating wrapped phases according to the three sets of intensity data, respectively; calculating preliminary stress values according to the wrapped phases, respectively; determining a system of stress equations according to a relation among the preliminary stress values; and calculating an estimated stress value using the system of stress equations. 1. A method for analyzing stress in an object according to spectrum data , the spectrum data being obtained from an interference fringe pattern (IFP) of the object that results from performing photoelasticity , the method comprising the steps of:a) analyzing the spectrum data to obtain three sets of intensity data that are related respectively to different wavelengths of light used in photoelasticity;b) calculating three wrapped phases according to the three sets of intensity data, respectively;c) calculating three preliminary stress values according to the wrapped phases, respectively, wherein each of the preliminary stress values is directly proportional to a product of a corresponding one of the wrapped phases and a linear function of a corresponding one of the wavelengths;d) determining a system of stress equations according to a relation among the preliminary stress values; ande) calculating an estimated stress value based on the preliminary stress values using the system of stress equations determined in step d).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in step b) each of the wrapped phases is calculated by substituting a corresponding one of the sets of intensity data into one of the inverse sine function claim 1 , the inverse cosine ...

PORTABLE TRUSS STRUCTURE EXPERIMENT DEVICE

A portable truss structure experiment device, belonging to the field of teaching practice in structural mechanics of Civil Engineering. The device comprises a basic framework, detachable beams, locating rods, a slide rail, hinge supports, a truss structure, reflectors, measurement apparatuses and a collection apparatus. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient assembly and disassembly, reuse, accurate measurement result, can be synchronized to a large screen to directly obtain a structure influence line, and can implement classroom demonstration of the teaching content of an influence line in structure mechanics. Through experiments, students can understand relevant theories of the influence line in structural mechanics more accurately. 1123451312233121425245679101487789814810999661311111111266. A portable truss structure experiment device, comprising a basic framework (), detachable beams (), locating rods (), a slide rail (), hinge supports (), a truss structure, reflectors (), measurement apparatuses and a collection apparatus, wherein the basic framework () guarantees the stability of the whole device by self-weight; the detachable beams () are two in number, each detachable beam () is connected with a locating rod (), the locating rods () are perpendicular to a base of the basic framework (), and the two detachable beams () are perpendicular to two stand columns of the basic framework () respectively; the slide rail () is fixed to one detachable beam (); the hinge supports () are two in number and are fixed to the other detachable beam () and the slide rail () respectively, and the two hinge supports () are located at the same level; the truss structure comprises fixed length rods, telescopic rods and hinge joints (), wherein each fixed length rod is formed by combining a pair of sheet steels () to guarantee the spatial stability of the model; each telescopic rod comprises an adjusting screw (), a dial (), a pointer (), two clamping devices ...

THREE-DIMENSIONAL MEASURING DEVICE

A three-dimensional measurement device includes: an illuminator that irradiates a measured object with a predetermined light; an imaging device that comprises: an imaging sensor displaceable at least in a vertical direction; and a both-sided telecentric optical system that causes the imaging sensor to form an image of a predetermined area on the measured object irradiated with the predetermined light; a conveyor that moves the illuminator and the imaging device relative to the measured object; and a controller that: executes three-dimensional measurement of a predetermined measurement object on the measured object, based on the taken image; measures a height of the predetermined area at least at a time prior to imaging of the predetermined area under the predetermined light; and changes a height position of the imaging sensor based on a measurement result to adjust an interval between the predetermined area and the imaging sensor to a predetermined distance. 1. A three-dimensional measurement device , comprising:an illuminator that irradiates a measured object with a predetermined light; an imaging sensor displaceable at least in a vertical direction; and', 'a both-sided telecentric optical system that causes the imaging sensor to form an image of a predetermined area on the measured object irradiated with the predetermined light;, 'an imaging device comprisinga conveyor that moves the illuminator and the imaging device relative to the measured object; and executes three-dimensional measurement of a predetermined measurement object on the measured object, based on the image taken by the imaging device;', 'measures a height of the predetermined area at least at a time prior to imaging of the predetermined area on the measured object under the predetermined light; and', 'adjusts a height position of the imaging sensor based on a measurement result until an interval between the predetermined area and the imaging sensor becomes equal to a predetermined distance for ...

Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors

The disclosure relates to a distributed optical fibre sensor having an optical switch arranged to selectively and simultaneously couple each of a plurality of interrogators to each of a plurality of sensing optical fibres. 1. A distributed optical fibre sensor for sensing an environment , as a function of position along each of a plurality of sensing optical fibres , from properties of probe light backscattered within the sensing optical fibres , the sensor comprising:a plurality of interrogators, each interrogator comprising a probe light source arranged to generate pulses of probe light for transmission to a sensing optical fibre and a detector arranged to receive and detect probe light backscattered within the sensing optical fibre; andan optical switch arranged to selectively and simultaneously couple each of a plurality of the interrogators to each of a plurality of the sensing optical fibres such that probe light pulses from each coupled interrogator are directed into the correspondingly coupled sensing optical fibre, and backscattered probe light from the sensing optical fibre is directed back to the correspondingly coupled interrogator.2. The distributed optical fibre sensor of wherein the sensor is arranged to automatically change the coupling of a particular sensing optical fibre from a first of the interrogators to a second of the interrogators claim 1 , using the optical switch.3. The distributed optical fibre sensor of further comprisingan interrogator fault sensing function arranged to output an indication of a fault in any of said interrogators,the sensor being arranged to automatically change the coupling of a sensing optical fibre from an interrogator indicated as faulty by the interrogator fault function to a different interrogator.4. The distributed optical fibre sensor of further comprisinga fibre degradation sensing function arranged to output an indication of a degradation of any of said sensing optical fibres,the sensor being arranged to ...

Optical Fiber Coupled Photonic Crystal Slab Strain Sensor, System And Method Of Fabrication And Use

The present disclosure is generally directed to a strain sensor, system and method of fabrication and use that includes an optical fiber, an optical signal generator that transmits an optical signal through the optical fiber, at least two photonic crystal slabs within the optical fiber separated by a first segment of optical fiber, a photo-detector that detects a reflected optical signal from the at least two photonic crystal slabs, and a processor that computes a mechanical strain over the first segment of optical fiber based on the reflected optical signal detected by the photo-detector.

OPTICAL SENSING SYSTEM FOR DETERMINING THE POSITION AND/OR SHAPE OF AN ASSOCIATED OBJECT

The present invention relates to an optical sensing system () for determining the position and/or shape of an associated object (O), the system comprises an optical fibers () having one or more optical fiber cores () with one or more fiber Bragg gratings (FBG, ) extending along the full length where the position and/or shape is be to determined of said object (O). A reflectometer (REFL, ) measures strain at a number of sampling points along the optical fiber cores, and a processor (PROC, ) determines the position and/or shape based on said measured strains from the plurality of optical fiber cores. The fiber Bragg grating(s) (FBG, ) extends along the full length of said optical fiber cores (), the fiber core having a spatially modulated reflection (r) along the said full length of the optical fiber core so that the corresponding reflection spectrum is detectable in said wavelength scan. Thus, the fiber Bragg grating(s) may be effectively continuous along the optical fiber leaving no gaps so that every position gives rise to a detectable reflection, and achieving that the reflection spectrum may encompass a wavelength span equaling the wavelength scan, or ‘sweep’, of an optical source in the reflectometer.

USE OF LIGHT TRANSMISSION THROUGH TISSUE TO DETECT FORCE

Various embodiments relate to apparatuses and methods of using light transmission thought compressed living tissue to detect force. Transmission of light through living tissue such as a finger is affected by how much the tissue is compressed, for example by the finger being pressing on a surface. Light is introduced into the tissue, passes through the tissue, and a sensor receives the light exiting the tissue. The compression of the tissue can be determined using various characteristics of the received light, such as the light intensity, as determined based at least partly on sensor readings. 1. (canceled)2. A method performed by an apparatus for determining an amount of force applied by living tissue to a surface , the method comprising:calibrating the apparatus based on a level of light exiting the living tissue;introducing light into the living tissue;receiving light exiting the living tissue; anddetermining an amount of force applied to the surface by the living tissue based on one or more characteristics of the received light.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more characteristics of the received light includes an intensity of the received light.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the apparatus includes electronic components that are mechanically supported by a glove.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the living tissue is of a human appendage.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the living tissue is of a human finger.7. The method of claim 2 , wherein calibrating the apparatus comprises:sensing a first light level though the living tissue in an uncompressed state.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein calibrating the apparatus comprises:sensing a second light level though the living tissue in a compressed state.9. The method of claim 8 , wherein calibrating the apparatus comprises:computing a correlation between an amount of force applied by the living tissue, the sensed first light level, and the sensed second light level.10. The method of claim 8 , ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS TO DETERMINE STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS OF A RAILWAY TRACK

Method for determining structural parameters of a railway track having a sensor array, includes measuring vertical and/or lateral irregularities of the rail with the sensor array along the rail, thereby providing signals corresponding to geometrical irregularities at different distance from the wheel-load. A model is provided describing the rail's deflection shape, which is dependent on structural parameters of the rail and on the loads on the rail. The model is stored in a processor where geometrical irregularities are compared under different load influence for generating a measured deflection shape. At least one theoretical rail deflection shape is generated using the model by varying structural parameters and the load in the model. At least one of theoretical deflection shapes is compared with the measured deflection shape for each point of the rail, and the structural parameters of that theoretical deflection shape which best matches the measured deflection shape are determined. 1. A method for determining structural parameters of a rail track using a measurement system comprising a sensor array configured to measure at least the vertical and/or lateral irregularities of a rail under influence of different loads at a plurality of points along the rail , and at different distances from the load/wheel , and to provide signals corresponding to said rail irregularities , the sensor array being positioned in a railway car adjacent to the contact point between a wheel and a rail; and a processor configured to process the signals from the sensor array;the method comprisingmeasuring at least the vertical and/or lateral irregularities of said rail with the sensor array along the rail, thereby providing signals corresponding to the geometrical irregularities at different distance from the wheel-load, i.e. under different load influence;providing a model describing the deflection shape of a rail, wherein the deflection shape is dependent on structural parameters of the ...

MOUNTING DEVICE AND IMAGING PROCESSING METHOD

A mounting device sets a processing region for super-resolution processing based on an approximate position of a main body portion of a component included in a mark image for use in obtaining a position of a fiducial mark and then performs super-resolution processing. Thus, the processing region for super-resolution processing can be appropriately set and prevented from becoming larger than necessary with respect to the main body portion of the component. Further, the processing region for super-resolution processing is determined using the mark image captured under an imaging condition different from that for the component image for use in super-resolution processing. Thus, the processing region can be appropriately set while the component image is kept under an imaging condition suitable for super-resolution processing. Therefore, the processing region for performing super-resolution processing can be set more appropriately, and the super-resolution processing can be efficiently performed. 1. A mounting device which obtains a holding state of an electronic component by super-resolution processing in which a high-resolution image of the electronic component is generated using multiple low-resolution images based on a fiducial mark , and mounts the electronic component on a board , the mounting device comprising:a head having the fiducial mark and a holding member holding the electronic component;an imaging device of which imaging range covers the electronic component held by the holding member, and the fiducial mark; anda control device that controls the imaging device in such a manner that a mark image for use in obtaining a position of the fiducial mark and low-resolution images for use in the super-resolution processing are captured under different imaging conditions, the control device setting a processing region as a target of the super-resolution processing based on an image region of the electronic component included in the mark image.2. The mounting device ...

OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR FOR SHAPE SENSING, OPTICAL SHAPE SENSING DEVICE, SYSTEM AND METHOD

The present invention relates to an optical fiber sensor for shape sensing, comprising an optical fiber having embedded therein a number of at least four fiber cores ( to ) arranged at a distance from a longitudinal center axis () of the optical fiber, the number of fiber cores ( to ) including a first subset of at least two fiber cores () and a second subset of at least two fiber cores (), the fiber cores () of the second subset being arranged to provide a redundancy in a shape sensing measurement of the fiber sensor (′). The fiber cores () of the first subset are distributed in azimuthal direction around the center axis () with respect to one another, and each fiber core () of the second subset is arranged in non-equidistantly fashion in azimuthal direction around the center axis () with respect to two neighboring fiber cores () of the first subset. 1. An optical fiber sensor for shape sensing , comprisingan optical fiber having embedded therein a number of at least four fiber cores arranged spaced apart from a longitudinal center axis of the optical fiber, the number of fiber cores including a first subset of at least two fiber cores and a second subset of at least two fiber cores, the fiber cores of the first subset and the fiber cores of the second subset having one or more fiber Bragg gratings along the length of the respective fiber core, the fiber cores of the second subset being arranged to provide a redundancy in a shape sensing measurement of the fiber sensor, wherein the fiber cores of the first subset are distributed in azimuthal direction around the center axis with respect to one another, and each fiber core of the second subset is arranged in non-equidistantly fashion in azimuthal direction around the center axis with respect to two neighboring fiber cores of the first subset, wherein a fiber core of the second subset which is arranged between two neighboring fiber cores of the first subset has an angular position which is closer to one of the two ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR CORRECTING FOR NONLINEAR TWIST RESPONSE IN OPTICAL SHAPE SENSING WITH SPUN MULTICORE FIBERS

The present invention relates to a method and system of obtaining a twist rate of a twist applied to an optical fiber () about a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber () at least in a part along a length of the optical fiber, the optical fiber () having a center core () extending along the length of the optical fiber () and at least one outer core () helically wound around the center core () with a spin rate. The method comprises acquiring a twist rate phase signal from an optical measurement of strain along the center core () and the at least one outer core () of the optical fiber (), calculating from the twist rate phase signal a noise filtered version of the twist rate phase signal, calculating from the twist rate phase signal a first order term of the twist rate, which is proportional to one of: i) the twist rate phase signal, ii) the noise filtered version of the twist rate phase signal, and calculating a correction term to the twist rate, which is proportional to one of the following: iii) a product of the twist rate phase signal with the noise filtered version of the twist rate phase signal, iv) a square of the noise filtered version of the twist rate phase signal. 1. Method of obtaining a twist rate of a twist applied to an optical fiber about a longitudinal axis of the optical fiber at least in a part along a length of the optical fiber , the optical fiber having a center core extending along the length of the optical fiber and at least one outer core helically wound around the center core with a spin rate , the method comprising:acquiring a twist rate phase signal from an optical measurement of strain along the center core and the at least one outer core of the optical fiber,calculating from the twist rate phase signal a noise filtered version of the twist rate phase signal,calculating from the twist rate phase signal a first order term of the twist rate, which is proportional to one of: i) the twist rate phase signal, ii) the noise filtered version of ...

Systems, Methods, and Apparatuses for Measuring Deformation of a Surface

The present invention regards a method for measuring displacement of a surface at a region of interest when the region of interest is exposed to a load. The method includes the steps of (1) evenly illuminating the surface; (2) by means of a camera capturing a first set of images comprising a first image of the surface, applying a load to the surface at the region of interest, and capturing a second image of the surface; and (3) transmitting the first and second image to a processing module of a computer, wherein the processing module: (a) includes data relating to the image capture, such as the spatial position and field of view of the camera relative to the surface when the images were captured; (b) generates a global perspective transform from selected regions out of the displacement area (c) performs a global image registration between the two images using perspective transform to align the images; (d) computes vertical pixel shift and horizontal pixel shift between the first image and the second image for the region of interest; and (e) computes displacement of the region of interest between the images, in length units. The images are captured by the camera at an image camera position relative to the surface. In some embodiments two cameras are used, each capturing a single image from the same image camera position; in some embodiments multiple sets of images are captured by multiple cameras, from different perspectives. 1. A method for measuring displacement of a surface at a region of interest when the region of interest is exposed to a load , the method comprising the steps of:a. evenly illuminating the surface;b. by means of a camera capturing a first set of images comprising a first image of the surface, applying a load to the surface at the region of interest, and capturing a second image of the surface; i. comprises data relating to the image capture, including the spatial position and field of view of the camera relative to the surface when the images ...

MULTIPLE BEAM TRANSMISSION INTERFEROMETRIC TESTING METHODS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF SUBWAVELENGTH SIZED FEATURES WITHIN SEMICONDUCTOR AND ANISOTROPIC DEVICES

Improved methods and systems for inspection imaging for holographic or interferometric semiconductor test and evaluation through all phases of device development and manufacture. Specifically, systems and methods are disclosed for extending the range of optical holographic interferometric inspection for testing and evaluating microelectronic devices and determining the interplay of electromagnetic signals and dynamic stresses to the semiconductor material are provided in which an enhanced imaging method provides continuous and varying the magnification of the optical holographic interferometric images over a plurality of interleaved optical pathways and imaging devices. Analysis of one or more holographic interference patterns displays internal and external stresses and the various effects of such stresses upon the operating characteristics of features within the features, interior structures or within the internal surfaces of the semiconductor device at any stage of development or manufacture. 1. A method for developing and evaluating semiconductor or anisotropic devices or wafers for manufacture by optical interferometric testing and displaying internal stresses of semiconductor or anisotropic devices or wafers and for testing semiconductor or anisotropic devices or wafers while being manufactured , the device or wafer under test being comprised a semiconductor conductor or anisotropic material having an interior surface and interior structures , comprising:using a holographic optical interference system with at least one light source,providing at least one light beam of coherent wavelength with a wavelength to which the semiconductor or anisotropic material is at least semi-transparent or transparent,splitting the light beam into a pair of beams, comprising a reference beam and an object beam,imposing and adjusting the polarization of the object beam on the exterior surface of the semiconductor or anisotropic material to generate a transmission object beam ...

INFORMATION PROCESSING DEVICE, INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD AND MEDIUM

For detecting a crack formed on a structure surface without erroneously, an information processing device that detects a crack on a structure, includes a change detection unit that detects a change in positions of at least two measurement points on the structure; and a crack detection unit that detects a crack based on the change in the positions of the measurement points detected by the change detection unit. 1. An information processing device that detects a crack on a structure , comprising:a change detection unit that detects a change in positions of at least two measurement points on the structure; anda crack detection unit that detects a crack based on the change in the positions of the measurement points detected by the change detection unit.2. The information processing device according to claim 1 , whereinthe crack detection unit detects that there is the crack between the two measurement points based on a relation of the change in the positions of the two measurement points on the structure.3. The information processing device according to claim 2 , whereinthe crack detection unit detects that there is the crack between the two measurement points when the change in the positions of the two measurement points satisfies a predetermined condition.4. The information processing device according to claim 1 , whereinthe crack detection unit detects that there is the crack between the two measurement points based on a relation of the change in the positions of the two measurement points and a relation of a change in positions of measurement points around the two measurement points.5. The information processing device according to claim 1 , further comprising:a crack-opening-displacement calculating unit that calculates a crack opening displacement, which is a displacement of a crack opening of the crack detected by the crack detection unit, based on the change in the positions of the measurement points.6. The information processing device according to claim 5 , ...

SYSTEM FOR QUICKLY DETECTING TUNNEL DEFORMATION

The present invention relates to a system for quickly detecting tunnel deformation, comprising a rail walking mechanism () disposed on a subway rail, and an acquisition system () disposed on the rail walking mechanism (); wherein the rail walking mechanism () is a T-shaped walking platform, comprising a cross shaft (), a longitudinal shaft () and a stand column (); the cross shaft () and the longitudinal shaft () are connected to form the T-shaped platform; tread wheels () are disposed at the bottom of the T-shaped platform; one end of the stand column () is vertically connected with the cross shaft (), and the other end of the stand column is used for configuring an operating platform () of the acquisition system (); the acquisition system () comprises a fractional laser structured light source (), industrial focus-fixed cameras () and a computer; and the computer is connected with the industrial focus-fixed cameras (). Compared with the prior art, the quick detection device can effectively solve the problem of detecting cross section deformation of tunnels, the problem of transforming many different local coordinate systems to a global coordinate system, and the problem of unstable test data caused by movements. 1. A system for quickly detecting tunnel deformation , comprising:{'b': '1', 'a rail walking mechanism (), disposed on a subway rail;'}{'b': 2', '1, 'an acquisition system (), disposed on the rail walking mechanism ();'}{'b': 1', '11', '12', '13', '11', '12', '16', '13', '11', '14', '2, 'characterized in that, the rail walking mechanism () is a T-shaped walking platform, comprising a cross shaft (), a longitudinal shaft () and a stand column (); the cross shaft () and the longitudinal shaft () are connected to form the T-shaped platform; tread wheels () are disposed at the bottom of the T-shaped platform; one end of the stand column () is vertically connected with the cross shaft (), and the other end of the stand column is used for configuring an ...

Device to capture relative position of a component of which the position can change relative to a reference component of a washing handling device, and corresponding washing handling device

A sensor device to measure a force or pressure in a washing handling apparatus includes a light source, a light receiver, a light-reflecting surface that reflects light emitted by the light source toward the light receiver, and one or more spring elements that biases the light-reflecting surface into a predefined initial position with respect to the light source and the light receiver where the light-reflecting surface is disposed to be displaceable with respect to the light source and the light receiver in response to application of an external force or pressure against a resetting force of the one or more spring elements. 1. A sensor device to measure a force or pressure in a washing handling apparatus , the sensor device comprising:a light source;a light receiver;a light-reflecting surface that reflects light emitted by the light source toward the light receiver; andone or more spring elements that biases the light-reflecting surface into a predefined initial position with respect to the light source and the light receiver,wherein the light-reflecting surface is disposed to be displaceable with respect to the light source and the light receiver in response to application of an external force or pressure against a resetting force of the one or more spring elements to thereby change a distance of the light-reflecting surface relative to the light source and the light receiver,wherein the device is configured to determine the applied external force or pressure based on reflected light captured by the light receiver.2. The sensor device of wherein the one or more spring elements include a compression spring disposed to be compressed in response to application of the external force or pressure.3. The sensor device of wherein the device is configured to determine the applied external force or pressure based on the reflected light captured by the light receiver and further based on a spring constant of the one or more spring elements and Hooke's law.4. The sensor device ...

Systems and Methods for Monitoring Eye Health

Systems and methods for monitoring eye health. The systems and methods monitor eye health by measuring scleral strain by way of an implantable monitor, a wearable monitor configured in eyeglasses, or an external monitor using a portable tablet computing device. 1. A system for monitoring eye health , the system comprising: a scleral strain monitor comprising i) one or more image sensors,', 'ii) a CPU,', 'iii) a memory storage device,', 'iv) one or more connecting wires, and', 'v) a power source;, 'a) a wearable device comprisingwherein the one or more image sensors monitor a scleral stretch corresponding to changes in distance between two or more preselected target regions on or in a sclera of the eye of a user by recording at least two photographic images of the eye of the user, each of the at least two photographic images recorded at different times, andwherein the CPU receives the at least two photographic images from the one or more image sensors and determines changes in distance between the two or more preselected target regions based on changes in the at least two photographic images, then transmits the at least two photographic images to the memory storage device.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the wearable device is a pair of eyeglass frames comprising the one or more image sensors claim 1 , the CPU claim 1 , the memory storage device claim 1 , the one or more connecting wires claim 1 , and the power source.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the wearable device further comprises a component for determining an angle of a recline of the user.4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the component is an accelerometer.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the two or more preselected target regions are two separated symmetric implanted objects claim 1 , two separated asymmetric implanted objects claim 1 , two separated symmetric objects claim 1 , two separated asymmetric objects or two distinct sclera regions.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the separated symmetric ...

Optical interrogator for performing interferometry using fiber bragg gratings

There is described a method for interrogating optical fiber comprising fiber Bragg gratings (“FBGs”), using an optical fiber interrogator. The method comprises (a) generating an initial light pulse from phase coherent light emitted from a light source, wherein the initial light pulse is generated by modulating the intensity of the light; (b) splitting the initial light pulse into a pair of light pulses; (c) causing one of the light pulses to be delayed relative to the other of the light pulses; (d) transmitting the light pulses along the optical fiber; (e) receiving reflections of the light pulses off the FBGs; and (f) determining whether an optical path length between the FBGs has changed from an interference pattern resulting from the reflections of the light pulses.

ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD

An electronic device comprising a deformable object which is at least partially filled with a light-absorbing material, one or more light sources configured to illuminate the inside of the deformable object, an imaging unit configured to capture respective images of the light sources, and circuitry configured to reconstruct the shape of the deformable object based on the captured images of the light sources. 1. An electronic device comprisinga deformable object which is at least partially filled with a light-absorbing material,one or more light sources configured to illuminate the inside of the deformable object,an imaging unit configured to capture respective images of the light sources, andcircuitry configured to reconstruct the shape of the deformable object based on the captured images of the light sources.2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry is configured to determine from the images of the light sources respective positions of the light sources and to determine the shape of the deformable object based on the positions of the light sources.3. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry is configured to determine an intensity of an image of a light source captured by an image sensor claim 1 , and to determine a radial position of the light source based on the intensity.4. The electronic device of claim 3 , wherein the circuitry is configured to determine a position shift related to a light source based on the intensity of the image of the light source.5. The electronic device of claim 4 , wherein the circuitry is configured to determine an extinction value based on the intensity of the image of the light source claim 4 , and to determine the position shift based on the extinction value.8. The electronic device of claim 4 , wherein the circuitry is configured to determine the radial position of the light source based on the position shift and a reference position.9. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the circuitry is ...

OPTICAL SHAPE SENSING SYSTEM AND METHOD

The present invention relates to an optical shape sensing system, comprising an optical fiber sensor comprising an optical fiber having embedded therein a number of at least four fiber cores ( to ) arranged spaced apart from a longitudinal center axis () of the optical fiber, the fiber cores each having a resonance wavelength in response to light introduced into the fiber cores ( to ) in an unstrained state thereof. The system further comprises an optical interrogation unit () configured to interrogate the fiber cores ( to ) with light in a scan wavelength range including the resonance wavelengths of the fiber cores in an unstrained state of the fiber cores ( to ). The scan wavelength range is set such that a center wavelength of the scan wavelength range is decentered with respect to the resonance wavelength of at least one of the fiber cores ( to ). 1. An optical shape sensing system , comprisingan optical fiber sensor comprising an optical fiber having embedded therein a number of at least four fiber cores arranged spaced apart from a longitudinal center axis of the optical fiber, the fiber cores each having a resonance wavelength in response to light introduced into the fiber cores in an unstrained state thereof,an optical interrogation unit configured to interrogate the fiber cores with light in a scan wavelength range including the resonance wavelengths of the fiber cores in an unstrained state of the fiber cores,wherein the optical interrogation unit is configured to set the scan wavelength range such that a center wavelength of the scan wavelength range is decentered with respect to the resonance wavelength of at least one of the fiber cores,wherein the number of fiber cores comprises a first subset of first fiber cores having a first resonance wavelength in response to light introduced into the first fiber cores in an unstrained state thereof, and a second subset of at least one second fiber core having a second resonance wavelength in response to light ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR TESTING A FIBER OPTIC MONITORING SYSTEM IN A CONDUIT

There is described an apparatus for testing whether a fiber optic monitoring system is functioning properly. The apparatus includes an enclosure comprising one or more apertures for receiving therethrough optical fiber; and one or more actuators sealed within the enclosure for generating one or more interference signals for interfering with optical fiber within the enclosure such that an optical path length of the optical fiber is altered. There is also described a method for verifying an event detection system, comprising: interrogating optical fiber positioned alongside a conduit by sending one or more light pulses along the optical fiber and receiving reflections of the one or more light pulses; and using a event verification device housed within an enclosure through which passes the optical fiber to generate one or more interference signals for interfering with the optical fiber such that an optical path length of the optical fiber is altered. 1. An apparatus for use with an event detection system , comprising:an enclosure comprising one or more apertures for receiving optical fiber therethrough; andone or more actuators housed within the enclosure and configured to generate one or more interference signals for interfering with optical fiber within the enclosure such that an optical path length of the optical fiber is altered.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising optical fiber passing into and out of the enclosure via the one or more apertures.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more actuators comprise a strain actuator configured to move between first and second positions for displacing optical fiber within the enclosure.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the strain actuator comprises one or more of a piston claim 3 , an inflatable member claim 3 , and a gear motor.5. The apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising a resilient bias configured to bias optical fiber within the enclosure against displacement from the strain actuator.6. The ...

Temperature control mechanisms for stable shape sensing

A fiber optic shape sensing system includes an elongated fiber optic shape sensing device ( 116 ) having a proximal region and a distal region. The distal region includes a first temperature at which shape sensing is performed. A temperature control device ( 102, 104, 106 ) is configured to control a second temperature at the proximal region of the shape sensing device to match the first temperature. The proximal region includes a launch region ( 118 ) for launching light into at least one optical fiber of the fiber optical shape sensing device.

METHOD FOR INSPECTION OF A MACHINE PART

The invention relates to a method of inspecting the wear of a turbine engine part, wherein the method comprises stages in which, by means of a calculator: 1. A contactless dimensional method of inspecting a wear of a turbine engine part , wherein the method comprises stages in which , by means of a calculator:a reference plane having a first reference frame is defined;by measuring said part to be inspected, a modelling of at least a portion of said part is acquired, in the form of a three-dimensional inspection grid having a second reference frame, wherein the first and second reference frames are each oriented in a predetermined manner in relation to a third reference frame specific to the turbine engine, wherein said reference plane is defined so as to comprise points projected according to a projection perpendicular to said reference plane, from said reference plane, towards the three-dimensional inspection grid; [{'b': 10', '10', '1', '10', '2', '10, 'i': 'n', 'for said common area, the reference plane comprises a field of theoretical points (; ., ., . . . , .) which are projected according to said projection perpendicular to said reference plane, from said reference plane towards the three-dimensional inspection grid;'}, {'b': 10', '10', '1', '10', '2', '10', '10', '10', '1', '10', '2', '10, 'i': n', 'n, 'for each projected point (; ., ., . . . , .) encountering the grid, a projection distance is calculated between the reference plane and the intersection of said projected point (; ., ., . . . , .) with the three-dimensional inspection grid;'}, 'the projection distances of said projected points encountering the grid are compared, so as to identify a maximum distance among said projection distances and a corresponding projected maximum wear point, wherein:', {'b': 10', '10', '1', '10', '2', '10, 'i': 'n', 'during the comparison phase, before said comparison of the projection distances of the points, an initial selection of the points is made in which projected ...

DEFORMOMETER FOR DETERMINING DEFORMATION OF AN OPTICAL CAVITY OPTIC

A deformometer includes: a cavity body; entry and exit optical cavity optics, such that the optical cavity produces filtered combined light from combined light; a first laser that provides first light; a second laser that provides second light; an optical combiner that: receives the first light; receives the second light; combines the first light and the second light; produces combined light from the first light and the second light; and communicates the combined light to the entry optical cavity optic; a beam splitter that: receives the filtered combined light; splits the filtered combined light; a first light detector in optical communication with the beam splitter and that: receives the first filtered light from the beam splitter; and produces a first cavity signal from the first filtered light; and a second light detector that: receives the second filtered light; and produces a second cavity signal from the second filtered light. 1. A deformometer for determining deformation of an optical cavity optic disposed on an optical cavity , the deformometer comprising: a cavity body;', 'an entry optical cavity optic disposed at an entry end of cavity body and that receives combined light; and', 'an exit optical cavity optic disposed at an exit end of cavity body, the entry optical cavity optic in optical communication and optically opposing the exit optical cavity optic, such that the exit optical cavity optic receives the combined light from the entry optical cavity optic,', 'such that the optical cavity produces filtered combined light from the combined light;, 'the optical cavity comprisinga first laser in optical communication with entry optical cavity optic and that provides first light;a second laser in optical communication with entry optical cavity optic and that provides second light; receives the first light from the first laser;', 'receives the second light from the second laser;', 'combines the first light and the second light;', 'produces combined light ...

DEFORMOMETER FOR DETERMINING DEFORMATION OF AN OPTICAL CAVITY OPTIC

A deformometer includes: a cavity body; entry and exit optical cavity optics, such that the optical cavity produces filtered combined light from combined light; a first laser that provides first light; a second laser that provides second light; an optical combiner that: receives the first light; receives the second light; combines the first light and the second light; produces combined light from the first light and the second light; and communicates the combined light to the entry optical cavity optic; a beam splitter that: receives the filtered combined light; splits the filtered combined light; a first light detector in optical communication with the beam splitter and that: receives the first filtered light from the beam splitter; and produces a first cavity signal from the first filtered light; and a second light detector that: receives the second filtered light; and produces a second cavity signal from the second filtered light. 1. A deformometer for determining deformation of an optical cavity optic disposed on an optical cavity , the deformometer comprising: a cavity body;', 'an entry optical cavity optic disposed at an entry end of cavity body and that receives combined light; and', 'an exit optical cavity optic disposed at an exit end of cavity body, the entry optical cavity optic in optical communication and optically opposing the exit optical cavity optic, such that the exit optical cavity optic receives the combined light from the entry optical cavity optic,', 'such that the optical cavity produces filtered combined light from the combined light;, 'the optical cavity comprisinga first laser in optical communication with entry optical cavity optic and that provides first light;a second laser in optical communication with entry optical cavity optic and that provides second light; receives the first light from the first laser;', 'receives the second light from the second laser;', 'combines the first light and the second light;', 'produces combined light ...

DEFORMOMETER FOR DETERMINING DEFORMATION OF AN OPTICAL CAVITY OPTIC

A deformometer includes: a cavity body; entry and exit optical cavity optics, such that the optical cavity produces filtered combined light from combined light; a first laser that provides first light; a second laser that provides second light; an optical combiner that: receives the first light; receives the second light; combines the first light and the second light; produces combined light from the first light and the second light; and communicates the combined light to the entry optical cavity optic; a beam splitter that: receives the filtered combined light; splits the filtered combined light; a first light detector in optical communication with the beam splitter and that: receives the first filtered light from the beam splitter; and produces a first cavity signal from the first filtered light; and a second light detector that: receives the second filtered light; and produces a second cavity signal from the second filtered light. 1. A deformometer for determining deformation of an optical cavity optic disposed on an optical cavity , the deformometer comprising: a cavity body;', 'a first entry optical cavity optic disposed at an entry end of the cavity body; and', 'a first exit optical cavity optic disposed at an exit end of cavity body, the first entry optical cavity optic in optical communication and optically opposing the first exit optical cavity optic,', [{'b': '1', 'receives a reference gas at a first pressure P;'}, 'receives a first light; and', 'produces a first filtered light from the first light;, 'such that the first optical cavity], 'a first optical cavity comprising a second entry optical cavity optic disposed at the entry end of the cavity body; and', 'a second exit optical cavity optic disposed at the exit end of the cavity body, the second entry optical cavity optic in optical communication and optically opposing the second exit optical cavity optic,', [{'b': '2', 'receives a second gas at a second pressure P;'}, 'receives a second light; and', ' ...

RIGIDITY MEASUREMENT APPARATUS AND RIGIDITY MEASUREMENT METHOD

A rigidity measurement apparatus is a rigidity measurement apparatus that measures rigidity of an object to be measured and includes a load estimator, a displacement calculator, and a rigidity calculator. The load estimator estimates a load applied to a measurement point set on the object to be measured by using a captured image of the object to be measured. The displacement calculator calculates a displacement of the measurement point by using the captured image. The rigidity calculator calculates the rigidity of the object to be measured by using the load and the displacement. 1. A rigidity measurement apparatus for measuring rigidity of a cable included in an object and suspending a structure of the object , the rigidity measurement apparatus comprising:a displacement calculator that calculates a displacement of a length between two measurement points set on the cable by using a plurality of captured images in which the object was captured in a plurality of times;a load estimator that estimates a load applied to the cable over time by using the plurality of captured images; anda rigidity calculator that calculates the rigidity of the cable by using the load and the displacement.2. The rigidity measurement apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a memory that stores a load value of a load source claim 1 ,wherein the load estimator detects a position of the load source on the object by using the plurality of captured images and estimates the load applied to the cable by using the load value and the position of the load source.3. The rigidity measurement apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a memory that stores a load value corresponding to a kind of a load source claim 1 ,wherein the load estimator detects a position and the kind of the load source on the object by using the plurality of captured images and estimates the load applied to the cable by using the load value corresponding to the kind of the load source and the position of the ...

BRILLOUIN SCATTERING MEASUREMENT METHOD AND BRILLOUIN SCATTERING MEASUREMENT DEVICE

In a measurement requiring a high space resolution using S-BOTDR, a pulse train composed of a plurality of pulses having the interval between the pulses longer than the phonon lifetime is interpulse-code-modulated. A Golay code is used for the interpulse code modulation to eliminate the sidelobes of the correlation in using a technique of correlation. In a technique without using correlation, an Hadamard matrix is used for the interpulse code modulation and the resultant matrix is inverted in the signal processing. 16-. (canceled)7. A Brillouin scattering measurement method that uses a composite pulse train composed of composite pulses with an interval of the composite pulse train being longer than a phonon lifetime; each composite pulse being formed of two kinds of optical pulses having different durations generated from a laser light from a laser source , by combining both optical pulses as a pair to be located at respective predetermined time positions; and injects the composite pulse train into one end of an optical fiber provided to a measurement object , to measure physical quantities of the measurement object from frequency shift change of Brillouin backscattered light generated by the composite pulse train in the optical fiber , the Brillouin scattering measurement method comprising the steps of:phase-modulating one of the optical pulses on the basis of two Golay code sequences;optically heterodyne-receiving the Brillouin backscattered light from each composite pulse with a reference light from the laser light source, to output as a first signal;heterodyne-receiving the first signal with a signal having a predetermined frequency and then passing the heterodyne-received signal through two kinds of low-pass filters corresponding to the optical pulses, to output the filtered signals as second signals;calculating, for each Golay code sequence, cross-spectrum of one of the second signals and a complex conjugate signal of the other second signal;calculating a ...

Method of fitting scleral and corneo-scleral lenses

A method for fitting contact lenses. More specifically, methods of fitting scleral or corneo-scleral lenses utilizing data or patterns observed on a corneal topography examination to improve the fit of scleral lenses or corneo-scleral lenses. The method may use quadrant specific fitting set lenses or regular toricity in unusual portions of the lens to define which patients may most benefit from such lenses. 1. A sclera or corneo-scleral fitting lens set comprising:at least one lens having a difference in sagittal height in any two points that are 180° apart of between 60μ to 500μ.2. The sclera or corneo-scleral fitting lens set according to claim 1 , wherein said lens includes an optical zone claim 1 , a transition/mid peripheral zone claim 1 , and a landing curve.3. The sclera or corneo-scleral fitting lens set according to claim 1 , wherein said difference in sagittal height is on a back surface of said lens.4. The sclera or corneo-scleral fitting lens set according to claim 1 , wherein said difference in sagittal height on said back surface of said lens in any two points 180° apart is equidistant from claim 1 , and at least 5.5 mm from the corneal center.5. The sclera or corneo-scleral fitting lens set according to comprising:two or more lens that have at least 100μ difference in sagittal height on a back surface of said lens in any two points 180° apart, equidistant from, and at least 5.5 mm from a corneal center.6. The sclera or corneo-scleral fitting lens set according to claim 5 , further including at least one standard lens fitting.7. A sclera or corneo-scleral fitting lens set comprising:at least one lens having a difference in sagittal height in any two points that are 90° apart of between 60μ to 500μ.8. The sclera or corneo-scleral fitting lens set according to claim 7 , wherein said lens includes an optical zone claim 7 , a transition/mid peripheral zone claim 7 , and a landing curve.9. The sclera or corneo-scleral fitting lens set according to claim 7 , ...

Stress measurement device, stress measurement system, and stress measurement method

A stress measurement device includes a first obtaining unit obtaining thermal data including information indicating a temperature of a measuring region, a second obtaining unit obtaining data related to stress occurring in one part of the measuring region, and a controller finding stress occurring in the measuring region from the thermal data and the data related to the stress. The controller finds, first waveform data respectively on the one part and a part other than the one part based on a change with time of the thermal data, and second waveform data based on a change with time of the data related to the stress. The controller finds, disturbance data through a deduction of the second waveform data from the first waveform data on the one part, and stress data indicating stress occurring in the part through a deduction the disturbance data from the first waveform data on the part.

CHROMAULIC DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCER, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A CHROMAULIC DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCER, AND CLOSED LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM INCORPORATING THE SAME

Described herein is an improved displacement transducer, a closed loop control system incorporating the same, and an improved method of manufacturing of manufacturing a displacement transducer. The improved transducer has several advantages, including improved manufacturability; improved fluid flow within the sensor and reduced cavitation as a result; and the enablement of closed loop control for assisted manual or fully automatic displacement. 1. A displacement transducer comprising:a main body having a proximal end and a distal end, the main body having an opening extending into the body from the proximal end;a gage pin fixedly attached to a distal end of the opening;a transparent datum window covering the opening, the transparent datum window having a proximal side and a distal side;at least one fluid channel extending from said opening to a proximal side of said transparent window; andan indicator fluid filling said opening, and filling a space between said gage pin and said transparent window.2. The displacement transducer of claim 1 , wherein said gage pin separated from said transparent datum window according to an amount of strain on said main body.3. The displacement transducer of claim 1 , further comprising a sealing layer sealing the opening and the fluid channels on a proximal side of said transparent datum window.4. The displacement transducer of claim 1 , wherein there are at least two fluid channels extending from said opening to a proximal side of said transparent datum window.5. The displacement transducer of claim 1 , wherein the gage pin comprises an indicator slab having a substantially flat surface facing the transparent datum window claim 1 , the indicator slab having at least one port extending through the indicator slab.6. The displacement transducer of claim 1 , wherein the gage pin comprises an indicator slab having a substantially flat surface facing the transparent datum window claim 1 , the indicator slab being porous.7. The ...

METHOD FOR MEASURING BOW/TWIST OF A FUEL ASSEMBLY

A method of determining the bow and twist of a nuclear fuel assembly that utilizes fiber optic shape sensing technology enclosed within a flexible sheath that transmits strain on the interior walls of a control rod guide thimble within the fuel assembly to a fiber cable of the shape sensing technology enclosed within the sheath. The sheath conforms to the interior dimensions of the interior walls of the guide thimble. 1. A method of determining a distortion along an elongated , axial length of a nuclear fuel assembly having a top nozzle and a bottom nozzle axially spaced from the top nozzle and a thimble tube axially extending between the top nozzle and the bottom nozzle , the method comprising the steps of:positioning a plurality of strain gauges along a centerline of the thimble tube extending substantially from the top nozzle to the bottom nozzle;maintaining each of the strain gauges in physical contact with an inside wall of the thimble tube around an inside circumference of the thimble tube at an axial location of the corresponding strain gauge; andtransmitting an output of each of the strain gauges to a remote location.2. The method of wherein the strain gauges are fiber optic strain gauges.3. The method of wherein the strain gauges are enclosed within an outer sheath that extends substantially an axial length of the thimble tube extending substantially between the top nozzle and the bottom nozzle.4. The method of wherein the outer sheath substantially occupies an entire space between the inside wall of the thimble tube around the entire circumference of the inside wall and the strain gauges at the axial locations of the corresponding strain gauges.5. The method of wherein the outer sheath is configured to be removable from the strain gauges and replaced with an outer sheath having a different outside diameter to accommodate different thimble tubes having different inside diameters.6. The method of wherein the outer sheath has an outside diameter that varies ...

Stock level indication apparatus and method

In some embodiments, apparatuses and methods are provided herein useful to provide a visual indication of a weight of products stocked on a display assembly, such as a shelf of a shelving unit. The visual indication is provided by virtue of the display assembly having a product support member that sequentially flattens as additional weight is added thereto. A laser device can be mounted proximate to the assembly and oriented to determine a distance to the product support member and a control circuit can be configured to receive the distance and analyze the distance to determine a deflection of the product support member to determine a current stock level.

Apparatus and method for wear detection of railroad vehicle wheels

A railroad wheel impact load detection test panel includes a secondary instrumentation rail proximate a field side of a primary or running rail of a section of railroad track, and elevated a prescribed distance so that the wheels of a rail car traverse the instrumentation rail within the test panel. The instrumentation rail includes an optical strain gauge to sense the wheel impact load. The sensed impact data is correlated with wheel damage signatures to identify wheels to be restored or replaced before failure occurs.

Systems and methods for monitoring eye health

Systems and methods for monitoring eye health. The systems and methods monitor eye health by measuring scleral strain by way of an implantable monitor, a wearable monitor configured in eyeglasses, or an external monitor using a portable tablet computing device. Certain embodiments of the strain monitor may be utilized to measure the strain on any surface to which it is attached, including, but not limited to, the skin of a patient or the surface of a structure such as a building or a bridge.

Determination of a change of object's shape

Surface changes are estimated using multiple speckle interferograms acquired using beams incident at different angles. Beam irradiation conditions can be changed to increase signal to noise ratio with averaging, such as weighted averaging. Irradiation conditions can be varied with a tilt plate, a wedge, or by changing beam wavelengths.

STRETCHABLE STRAIN SENSOR, COMBINATION SENSOR, AND DISPLAY PANEL AND DEVICE

A stretchable strain sensor includes a light-emitting element, an optical structure, and a photo-detective element. The stretchable strain sensor is located in a path of light emitted from the light-emitting element. The optical structure is configured to have optical properties that change in response to stretching of at least a portion of the stretchable strain sensor. The photo-detective element is configured to detect light transmitted through the optical structure or reflected through the optical structure. 1. A stretchable strain sensor , comprisinga light-emitting element;an optical structure located in a path of light emitted from the light-emitting element, the optical structure configured to have optical properties that change in response to stretching of at least a portion of the stretchable strain sensor; anda photo-detective element configured to detect light transmitted through the optical structure or reflected by the optical structure.2. The stretchable strain sensor of claim 1 , wherein at least one of transmittance or reflectance of the optical structure changes according to a strain change or a thickness change of the portion of the stretchable strain sensor in response to the stretching of the portion of the stretchable strain sensor.3. The stretchable strain sensor of claim 1 , wherein the optical structure includes a material which is configured to change at least one of transmittance or reflectance according to a strain change or a thickness change of the portion of the stretchable strain sensor in response to the stretching of the portion of the stretchable strain sensor.4. The stretchable strain sensor of claim 3 , wherein the optical structure includes a light absorbing organic material claim 3 , a light absorbing inorganic material claim 3 , a light absorbing organic-inorganic material claim 3 , a metal claim 3 , a semi-metal claim 3 , a carbon material claim 3 , or a combination thereof.5. The stretchable strain sensor of claim 3 , ...

OPTICAL FIBER TEMPERATURE SENSOR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME

An optical fiber temperature sensor includes: a substrate having a first substrate main body, and a second substrate main body, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion larger than that of the first substrate main body, and is bonded to the first substrate main body; and an optical fiber having a FBG sensor portion for measuring a temperature from a relationship between a Bragg wavelength and the temperature, and the optical fiber is configured to be embedded in the second substrate main body so that the FBG sensor portion is positioned in the second substrate main body. 1. An optical fiber temperature sensor , comprising:a substrate having a first substrate main body, and a second substrate main body, which has a coefficient of thermal expansion larger than that of the first substrate main body, and is bonded to the first substrate main body; andan optical fiber having a FBG sensor portion for measuring a temperature from a relationship between a Bragg wavelength and the temperature,wherein the optical fiber is embedded in the second substrate main body so that the FBG sensor portion is positioned in the second substrate main body.2. The optical fiber temperature sensor according to claim 1 ,wherein the first substrate main body is bonded to an object of a temperature evaluation, andwherein the optical fiber is embedded in the second substrate main body so that a compressive stress is applied to the FBG sensor portion in association with forward warping of the substrate.3. The optical fiber temperature sensor according to claim 1 ,wherein the second substrate main body is bonded to an object of a temperature evaluation, andwherein the optical fiber is embedded in the second substrate main body so that a tensile stress is applied to the FBG sensor portion in association with forward warping of the substrate.4. The optical fiber temperature sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the first substrate main body and the second substrate main body are each made of ...

RAYLEIGH MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND RAYLEIGH MEASUREMENT METHOD

Initial data and target data are frequency-analyzed to obtain an initial Rayleigh-scattering spectrum (RSS) and a target RSS, respectively. A distance correction is performed for the target RSS by comparing the target RSS with the initial RSS, and a Rayleigh spectrum shift is determined on the basis of a correlation coefficient between the initial RSS and the target RSS after distance-corrected. 1. A Rayleigh measurement system configured to obtain a distribution of a physical quantity of an optical fiber , on the basis of Rayleigh backscattering light produced by launching optical pulses into the optical fiber , the Rayleigh measurement system comprising:an initial data measurement unit configured to measure Rayleigh backscattering light from the optical fiber, to obtain initial data as a reference for a distance correction;a target data measurement unit configured to measure Rayleigh backscattering light from the optical fiber, to obtain target data to be distance-corrected;an initial Rayleigh-scattering spectrum analysis unit configured to frequency-analyze the initial data measured with the initial data measurement unit, to obtain an initial Rayleigh-scattering spectrum;a target Rayleigh-scattering spectrum analysis unit configured to frequency-analyze the target data measured with the target data measurement unit, to obtain a target Rayleigh-scattering spectrum;a comparison-based distance correction unit configured to compare the initial Rayleigh-scattering spectrum obtained by the initial Rayleigh-scattering spectrum analysis unit with the target Rayleigh-scattering spectrum obtained by the target Rayleigh-scattering spectrum analysis unit, to correct distance error at a measurement position in the target Rayleigh-scattering spectrum obtained by the target Rayleigh-scattering spectrum analysis unit;a correlation analysis unit configured to perform a correlation analysis between the initial Rayleigh-scattering spectrum obtained by the initial Rayleigh- ...

Scanning interferometry technique for through-thickness evaluation in multi-layered transparent structures

A multi-layer transparent composite detection technique includes producing two beams from a single, low-coherence source, a test beam and a reference beam, and scanning the reference beam to determine, with high precision, the depths of flaws (e.g., delaminations, bubbles, inclusions or other reflective or scattering objects) within a specimen or test object. The techniques combine light back-reflected or back-scattered from an internal flaw or interface with light in a reference path to identify such features and locations. 1. A method of scanning a multi-layered specimen , the method comprising:receiving a coherent radiation beam and separating the coherent radiation beam into an object beam and a reference beam, the object beam and the reference beam being coherent with one another;directing the object beam at the specimen and collecting a resulting sampled beam from the specimen, wherein the sampled beam comprises reflected radiation from the specimen and/or backscattered radiation from the specimen;maintaining the reference beam along a reference beam path and free from incidence on the specimen, and scanning the reference beam along different optical path lengths of the reference beam path, wherein the scanning of the reference beam is along a reference axis coinciding with an axis into the specimen and over a depth region into the specimen; andcombining the sampled beam with the reference beam to produce an interferometric intensity signal or pattern, where, as a result of the scanning of the reference beam, the interferometric pattern contains amplitude peaks that are caused by reflection or scattering from discontinuities at different depths within the depth region of the specimen.2. The method of claim 1 , the method further comprising:identifying, in a signal processing machine, the depth positions, within the specimen, of each of the discontinuities from the positions of the amplitude peaks in the interferometric pattern.3. The method of claim 1 , the ...

SYSTEM FOR DEFINING MULTI-LAYERED STRUCTURES

A system determines average values for bending stiffness and shear rigidity of a shear band coupon. The system includes: application of multiple, different loads to a midpoint of a first span length of the shear band coupon; determining the deflection of the first span length at each of the multiple loads; application of the same multiple, different loads to a midpoint of a second longer span length of the shear band coupon; determining the deflection of the second span length at each of the multiple loads; determining the bending stiffness at each multiple load from the deflection of the first and second span lengths at each multiple load; averaging the bending stiffnesses at each load to determine an average overall bending stiffness of the shear band coupon; determining the shear rigidity at each multiple load from the deflection of the first and second span lengths at each multiple load; and averaging the shear rigidities at each load to determine an average overall shear rigidity of the shear band coupon. 1. A system for determining average values for bending stiffness and shear rigidity of a shear band coupon;application of multiple, different loads to a midpoint of a first span length of the shear band coupon;determining the deflection of the first span length at each of the multiple loads;application of the same multiple, different loads to a midpoint of a second longer span length of the shear band coupon;determining the deflection of the second span length at each of the multiple loads;determining the bending stiffness at each multiple load from the deflection of the first and second span lengths at each multiple load;averaging the bending stiffnesses at each load to determine an average overall bending stiffness of the shear band coupon;determining the shear rigidity at each multiple load from the deflection of the first and second span lengths at each multiple load; andaveraging the shear rigidities at each load to determine an average overall shear ...