УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЕМ СОСТОЯНИЙ ОПТИЧЕСКИ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАЕМЫХ УСТРОЙСТВ

Изобретение относится к электрохромным устройствам и контроллерам окон. Контроллер для окрашиваемого окна содержит процессор с инструкциями для активации определения уровня окрашивания окрашиваемого окна, вход для приема выходных сигналов от датчиков и выход для управления уровнем окрашивания в окрашиваемом окне. Указанные инструкции содержат зависимость между принятыми выходными сигналами и уровнем окрашивания, в которой используются выходные сигналы от внешнего фотодатчика, внутреннего фотодатчика, датчиков присутствия, внешней температуры и пропускания. Технический результат – минимизация энергопотребления. 9 н. и 56 з.п. ф-лы, 17 ил.

ЭЛЕКТРОХРОМНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО (ВАРИАНТЫ) И СПОСОБ ЕГОИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ (ВАРИАНТЫ)

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике. Электрохромное устройство содержит первую подложку, имеющую, по меньшей мере, одну полимерную поверхность, грунтовочный слой на полимерной поверхности, первое электропроводящее прозрачное покрытие на грунтовочном слое, при этом грунтовочный слой сцепляет первое электропроводящее покрытие с полимерной поверхностью первой подложки, вторую подложку, расположенную на расстоянии от первой подложки с образованием между ними камеры, второе электропроводящее прозрачное покрытие на поверхности второй подложки, так что первое покрытие расположено напротив второго покрытия, при этом, по меньшей мере, одна из первой и второй подложек является прозрачной, и электрохромную среду, расположенную в камере, способную иметь уменьшенный коэффициент пропускания света после приложения электрической энергии к проводящим покрытиям, причем электрохромная среда и грунтовочный слой являются совместимыми. Технический результат - упрощение при изготовлении и стойкость ...

ЭЛЕКТРОХРОМНЫЕ УСТРОЙСТВА, СБОРНЫЕ УЗЛЫ, ВКЛЮЧАЮЩИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОХРОМНЫЕ УСТРОЙСТВА, И/ИЛИ СПОСОБЫ ИХ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к электрохромным устройствам. Варианты осуществления изобретения относятся к улучшенным электрохромным материалам, пакетам электрохромных устройств и сборным узлам (600a) электрохромных окон, содержащим первую стеклянную подложку (402), которая термически не закалена и поддерживает пакет (400) электрохромных слоев, вторую стеклянную подложку (602), изготовленную из термически закаленного стекла и ламинированную на первую подложку, и третью стеклянную подложку (604). Технический результат - улучшение коэффициента пропускания в прозрачном состоянии, повышение надежности. 3 н.з. и 19 з.п. ф-лы, 10 ил.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯМИ В ОПТИЧЕСКИ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАЕМЫХ УСТРОЙСТВАХ

ПРИЗРАЧНЫЙ ЭЛЕКТРОД ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАЕМОГО ЭЛЕКТРОХРОМНОГО ЭЛЕМЕНТА

... 1. Изделие, содержащее: ! первый электродный узел, содержащий электрод, определяемый как первый электрод; ! второй электродный узел, содержащий электрод, определяемый как второй электрод, при этом первый и второй электроды обращены друг к другу; ! среду, расположенную между первым и вторым электродами, причем среда в ответ на электрическое воздействие изменяет процент видимого света, пропускаемого через среду; ! первый электродный узел содержит первую основную поверхность, обращенную к среде, при этом первый электрод находится между первой основной поверхностью и средой, первый электрод содержит: ! первый электропроводный слой между средой и первой основной поверхностью; ! второй электропроводный слой, отстоящий от первого электропроводного слоя и расположенный между первым электропроводным слоем и средой; ! первый и второй элементы электрического контакта, расположенные на расстоянии друг от друга и контактирующие с первым электропроводным слоем, причем первый и второй элементы электрического ...

ВИДЕОПАНЕЛЬ С МНОГОСЛОЙНОЙ ГРУНТОВКОЙ

... 1. Электрохромное окно, содержащее: ! первую прозрачную подложку с первым электропроводным покрытием на, по меньшей мере, ее части; ! вторую прозрачную пластмассовую подложку со вторым электропроводным покрытием на, по меньшей мере, ее части, причем второе электропроводное покрытие содержит металлический слой, расположенный между первым и вторым слоями оксида металла; и ! электрохромную среду, расположенную между первым и вторым электропроводными покрытиями, ! при этом вторая подложка включает в себя грунтовочный слой, расположенный между второй подложкой и вторым электропроводным покрытием. ! 2. Электрохромное окно по п.1, в котором обе подложки являются пластмассовыми. ! 3. Электрохромное окно по п.2, в котором упомянутые первая и вторая прозрачные пластмассовые подложки выбраны из группы, состоящей из поликарбонатных, акриловых и уретановых пластмасс. ! 4. Электрохромное окно по п.1 или 2, в котором каждая подложка имеет грунтовочный слой, расположенный между подложкой и электропроводным ...

Электрохромный индикатор

Elektro-optischer, ultraviolett-geschützter, nichtbeschlagender Sicherheits-Rückspiegel

Anzeigeeinheit mit zwei übereinander angeordneten Anzeigevorrichtungen

ELEKTROCHROMES VERGLASUNGSELEMENT

ELEKTROCHROMES SYSTEM MIT DRITTER ELEKTRODE

Elektrochemischer Anzeige- und Zeitmeßmechanismus mit wanderndem Elektrolyt

DISPLAY DEVICE

... 1425788 Matrix displays PHILIPS ELECTRONIC & ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIES Ltd 12 March 1974 [16 March 1973] 10971/74 Heading G5C [Also in Division H4] Electrochromic display apparatus comprises crossed conductor arrays in contact with a solution of a material which is reversibly reducible and produces a change of colour, when current is passed through it, near the cathode, the solution and one array being arranged in a number of non-communicating channels 16 ... 20. Cathodes 13 and anodes 3 ... 7 are embedded in a glass plate 15 with apertures at each intersection. The anodes have corresponding apertures and passages above them interconnect apertures along each anode. The liquid is a solution of ethylviologen borofluoride and tetrachlorohydroquinine in acetonitrile and contains 1¢% acetic acid. Another liquid is a solution of heptylviologen bromide and NaBr in water. TiO 2 may be dispersed in the liquid. At selected intersections the cathode becomes coloured. Electrodes are of Au, Pt, Cu, SnO ...

Electrochemical display and timing mechanism with migrating electrolyte

Electrochemical display cell 10 has a layered construction including two electrode layers 26, 28 and an electrolyte layer 30 occupying distinct areas of a substrate. Electrolyte layer 30 overlaps most of one electrode layer 28 and contacts a smaller portion of the other electrode layer 26 which is made of a thin film. The cell is activated by electrically connecting the electrodes 26 and 28 by way of conductive portion 32 thereby supporting an electrochemical reaction in the electrolyte layer 30 that progressively erodes the electrode 26 at the boundary 38 so as to reduce the area covered by the electrode 26 and increase that covered by the electrolyte 30. The thin-film electrode layer 26 recedes at the electrode/electrolyte boundary 38 at a rate governed by the rate of the electrochemical reaction. This provides an irreversible visual indication of the passage of time.

ELECTROOPTICAL DISPLAY DEVICE

... 1372015 Matrix displays EBAUCHES SA 3 Jan 1973 [12 Jan 1972] 315/73 Heading G5C A display device comprises a transparent conductive substrate 1, a layer 2 of electrochromie material, an insulating layer 6 covering the edges of layer 2 to prevent their erosion, an electrolyte 5 and another electrode 3. The layer 2 comprises a plurality of segments arranged in a figure-ofeight and is of WO 2 which becomes coloured when an electric field is applied. The protective layer is of CaF 2 ; MgF 2 ; SiO or SiO 2 and the electrolyte of H 2 SO 4 . The device is used in timepieces.

Protective membrane for electrochromic displays.

A protective and heat resisting membrane 20 for application onto electrochromic layers 11-13 and/or leads in an electrochromic display to prevent dissolution and erosion thereof as a result of contact with the display electrolyte 15 typically comprises (a) a long chain organic acid, preferably a water insoluble carboxylic acid, (b) optional acid resistant epoxy resin and (c) a compound selected from at least one of an amine and amide in sufficient amount to form the respective amino or amido salt of the acid, which salt together with any epoxy resin present, imparts water repellency and ionic conductivity to the membrane, and with the amine or amide being present in less than the amount required to fully cure any epoxy resin present with time and temperature so that only a minor, dispersed portion of the resin is cured. Curing of a minor, dispersed portion of the resin improves adherence and does not adversely affect the ionic conductivity of the membrane. In the examples, component (a) ...

"Method for manufacturing the substrate of an electrochromic display cell

The invention provides a method of manufacturing the substrate of an electrochromic display cell as a result of which the ionic conductor of the cell cannot come into contact with the transparent conductive elements which form part of this substrate. A transparent conductive layer, a layer of an electrochromic material and a layer of photosensitive material having a positive action are deposited in turn on a transparent plate. A network of conductive elements is formed by etching away the electrochromic layer and the conductive layer through a mask constituted by the photosensitive material which is selectively exposed and developed. The electrochromic material is then etched away through a second mask formed by the same photosensitive material selectively exposed and developed a second time. This second mask is also used for the deposition of a layer of dielectric material. The conductive elements are thus covered with a continuous layer of dielectric material and of electrochromic material ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SUBSTRATE OF AN ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY CELL

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SUBSTRATE OF AN ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY CELL

ELECTRO-CHROMIC DISPLAYS

ELECTRONIC TIMEPIECE WITH ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY ELEMENT

... 1481478 Electronic timepieces CITIZEN WATCH CO Ltd 8 Jan 1975 [8 Jan 1974] 810/75 Heading G3T [Also in Division G5] An electronic timepiece comprises a multilayered display element incorporating persistent electrochromic material, a driving circuit deriving drive signals from a constant frequency oscillator and frequency divider circuits to drive the display. The electrochromic element 10, Fig. 1 comprises a transparent, glass, substrate 56, a reflective electrode 58, an insulating layer 60 of calcium fluoride or silicon monoxide or magnesium fluoride, an electrochromic material layer 62 of tungsten oxide or niobium oxide or neodymium diphthalcyanine or a mixture of potassium chloride and diphthalcyanine salt, and a substantially transparent conductive electrode 66. Seven such electrochromic elements are used in seven-bar segment array for each number to be displayed. The electrochromic material changes to one colour when a voltage of one polarity is applied across it and changes to a different ...

CONTACTING OF ELEKTROCHROMEN ARRANGEMENTS

ELEKTROCHROMI MIRROR WITH THIRD REFLECTORSCHICHT

ELECTRICAL CHROME DEVICE

SUBSTRATE WITH PHOTO-CATALYTIC COATING

WITH A LAMINATED PHOTO-CATALYTIC FILM COATED SUBSTRATE

Organic light emitting device, display apparatus, method of controlling color temperature of light emitted fromorganic light emitting device, and method of fabricating organic light emitting device

The present application discloses an organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device includes a first electrode; an organic layer on the first electrode, the organic layer having an organic light emitting layer; a second electrode on a side of the organic layer distal to the first electrode; an electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the organic layer; and a third electrode between the electrochromic layer and the organic layer. 10158164 1 (GHMatters) P108540.AU ...

Thin-film devices and fabrication

THIN-FILM DEVICES AND FABRICATION Thin-film devices, for example electrochromic devices for windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. Particular focus is given to methods of patterning optical devices. Various edge deletion and isolation scribes are performed, for example, to ensure the optical device has appropriate isolation from any edge defects. Methods described herein apply to any thin-film device having one or more material layers sandwiched between two thin film electrical conductor layers. The described methods create novel optical device configurations.

ELECTROCHROMIC MIRROR

Switchable images with fine detail

IR transmitting coating for electro-optic element

The disclosure provides for an electrochromic element comprising a first substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate comprises a first surface and a second surface. The second substrate comprises a third surface and a fourth surface. The first substrate and the second substrate form a cavity have an electrochromic medium disposed therein. A dielectric coating is disposed on the fourth surface and is configured to provide for improved transmittance of the electrochromic element in the near infrared (NIR) range, wherein the near infrared transmittance exceeds the visible transmittance.

Variable reflectance mirrors and compounds for use therein

ELECTROCHROMIC MIRROR INCORPORATING A THIRD SURFACE REFLECTOR

An electrochromic mirror is disclosed for use in a vehicle rearview mirror assembly (110) having an electronic device (160, 170, 220, 725) positioned behind the electrochromic mirror for selectively projecting and/or receiving light through the mirror. The electrochromic mirror includes an electrode (120) that includes a layer of reflective material (121) and a coating of electrically conductive material (172) that is at least partially transmissive. The second electrode further includes a region (146) in front of the electronic device that is least partially transmissive. The electrically conductive coating may include a single transparent layer or a plurality of partially reflective and transmissive layers, or an electrically conductive dichroic coating. The electronic device may be a light sensor (160) or a light source such as an information display (170) or a signal light (220).

POLYMERIC ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

An electrochromic device includes a first substrate (12) having at least one polymeric surface (28); a primer layer (32) along the polymeric surface; a first electrically conductive transparent coating (18) along the primer of the first substrate, wherein the primer layer adheres the first electrically conductive coating to the polymeric surface of the first substrate; a second substrate (14) spaced apart from the first substrate to define a chamber therebetween; a second electrically conductive transparent coating (20) on a surface (30) of the second substrate such that the first coating is in facing relation to the second coating, wherein at least one of the first and second substrates is transparent; and an electrochromic medium (22) contained in the chamber, the electrochromic medium having reduced luminous transmittance upon application of electrical power to the first and second conductive coatings and establishing an electrical potential through the electrochromic medium, and wherein ...

ELECTROCHROMIC OPTICAL ELEMENT HAVING AN APODIZED APERTURE

Provided is an optical element with an electrochromic apodized aperture having variable light transmittance in response to the amplitude of an applied voltage. The apodized aperture includes a first substrate having a planar inner surface and an outer surface, a second substrate having an outer surface and a non-planar inner surface opposing and spaced from the planar inner surface of the first substrate, wherein each of the planar inner surface of the first substrate and the non-planar inner surface of the second substrate has an at least partial layer of transparent conductive material thereover; and an electrochromic medium disposed between the planar inner surface of the first substrate and the non-planar inner surface of the second substrate. The profiles of Figures 1-6 demonstrate the function of an electrochromic apodized iris.

VARIABLE TRANSMITTANCE OPTICAL FILTER AND USES THEREOF

Variable transmittance optical filters capable of transitioning from a light state to a dark state on exposure to UV radiation and from a dark state to a light state with application of an electric voltage are provided. The optical filters comprise a switching material that comprises one or more chromophores that have electrochromic and photochromic properties.

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

An electrochromic device comprises a first electrode layer, an intermediate layer including an electrochromic layer, a second electrode layer, the first electrode layer, intermediate layer and second electrode layer being laminated in succession, and an electrode member connected to one of the first and second electrode layers and extending in a predetermined direction perpendicular to the direction of lamination of the first electrode layer, intermediate layer and second electrode layer. The resistances R1, R2 respectively of the first and second electrode layers and the internal resistance R3 of the intermediate layer satisfy predetermined conditions to achieve uniform coloration.

DISPOSITIF D'AFFICHAGE ELECTRO-OPTIQUE

ELECTROCHROMIC REARVIEW MIRROR ASSEMBLY INCORPORATING A DISPLAY/SIGNAL LIGHT

According to one embodiment of the present invention, an electrochromic rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes an electrochromic mirror (110, 920) having a variable reflectivity, a glare sensor (160, 234) for sensing levels of light directed towards the front element from the rear of the vehicle, an ambient sensor (232) for sensing levels of ambient light, a display (146, 170) positioned behind the partially transmissive, partially reflective portion of the reflector for displaying information therethrough; and a control circuit (230, 900) coupled to the sensors and the display. The control circuit determines whether daytime or nightime conditions are present as a function of the ambient light level sensed by the glare sensor to control a contrast ratio of light originating from the display and light reflecting from the partially transmissive, partially reflective area of the reflector.

BIRD FRIENDLY ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Various embodiments herein relate to electrochromic windows that are bird friendly, as well as methods and apparatus for forming such windows. Bird friendly windows include one or more elements that make the window visible to birds so that the birds recognize that they cannot fly through the window. Bird friendly windows can be used to minimize avian-window collisions, and therefore minimize avian deaths resulting from such collisions. In various embodiments, a window may be patterned such that the pattern is visible to birds. In these or other cases, the window may be made hazy, where the haze is visible to birds. The pattern and/or haze may be visible at wavelengths that fall in UV, and minimally noticeable (if at all) in wavelengths within the spectrum visible by humans.

THIN-FILM DEVICES AND FABRICATION

Thin-film devices, for example electrochromic devices for windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. Particular focus is given to methods of patterning optical devices. Various edge deletion and isolation scribes are performed, for example, to ensure the optical device has appropriate isolation from any edge defects. Methods described herein apply to any thin-film device having one or more material layers sandwiched between two thin film electrical conductor layers. The described methods create novel optical device configurations.

MULTI-ZONE EC WINDOWS

Thin-film devices, for example, multi-zone electrochromic windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. In certain cases, a multi-zone electrochromic window comprises a monolithic EC device on a transparent substrate and two or more tinting zones, wherein the tinting zones are configured for independent operation.

ELECTRICAL CHROME INDICATOR.

ELECTRICAL CHROME INDICATOR CELL.

ELECTRICAL CHROME INDICATOR FOR NEGATIVE ANNOUNCEMENT.

[...] D' [...][...] A [...]dEPOT.

ELECTRICAL CHROME DISPLAY ELEMENT.

Process for applying a layer of ion-exchange resin as electrolyte layer in an electrochromic device

A piece of a film of ion-exchange resin is cut out to the required size with the aid of a punch and a die and is mounted as electrolyte layer in an electrochromic device. A piece of the film is cut out to the required size by the curved head of the punch and is pressed onto its position in the device. A second elastic punch can be used for pressing the piece against its carrier in the device.

ELECTRICAL CHROME RENDITION DEVICE.

ELECTRICAL CHROME INDICATOR AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PRODUCTION.

ELECTRICAL CHROME INDICATOR.

Display element

ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS CELL, IN PARTICULAR FOR DISPLAY CELL ELECTROLYTIC AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME

DISPOSITIF INDICATEUR ELECTROCHROMATIQUE

La cellule du dispositif selon l'invention a une structure en couches; elle comporte deux électrodes transparentes se faisant face à une certaine distance et pouvant être commandées électriquement; une couche électrochromatique et une couche de liquide électrolytiquement conducteur 12 se trouvent entre ces deux électrodes. Pour augmenter la durée de vie de la cellule, suivant l'invention la couche de liquide électrolytiquement conducteur se compose d'une matière fibreuse céramique imbibée d'électrolyte et ayant un indice de réfraction supérieur à 2, comme par exemple la zircone. La couche liquide se trouve entre une plaque frontale 11 comportant un contact d'attaque ainsi qu'une couche électrochromatique et un élément d'espacement 13.

ELECTRODE FOR ELECTROLYSIS CELL, IN PARTICULAR FOR DISPLAY CELL ELECTROLYTIC AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME

ELECTROLYTIC DISPLAY DEVICE IN LIGHT ON BOTTOM SINKS

ELECTROLYTIC DISPLAY DEVICE HAS ABSORBING DEPOSIT

ELECTROLYTIC DISPLAY DEVICE IN LIGHT ON BOTTOM SINKS

Electrochromic window

L'invention concerne un vitrage électrochrome comportant successivement une feuille de verre (1), une première électrode (2) constituée par une couche électroconductrice transparente dont la résistance carrée est inférieure à 5 Ohms, une couche (4) d'un matériau électrochrome cathodique, un électrolyte (5), une couche (6) d'un matériau électrochrome anodique et une seconde électrode (8) électroconductrice transparente caractérisé par des couches barrières (3,7) insérées entre lesdites électrodes et lesdites couches de matériaux électrochromes, la résistance carrée de l'ensemble formé par une électrode et sa couche barrière étant inférieure à 5 Ohms.

DEVICE ELECTROCHROMIQUE

ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLABLE DEVICE WITH VARIABLE OPTICAL AND/OR ENERGY PROPERTIES

The invention concerns an electrically controllable device with variable optical and/or energy properties, comprising at least a support substrate (1) provided with a functional stack of layers (3) including at least two active layers separated by an electrolyte. The stack is arranged between a lower electrode (2) and an upper electrode (4). The device comprises n zones electrically controllable off-line by the following features: the lower electrode (1) bears a unidimensional or two-dimensional pattern A; the stack of layers (3) whereof at least one of the active layers and the electrolyte, has a two-dimensional pattern B, in particular obtained by etching; the upper electrode (4) bears a two-dimensional pattern C, such that the superimposition of patterns A, B, C defines said n zones with a material break between two adjacent zones at least both at the upper electrode (4) and at one of the active layers and the electrolyte. © KIPO & WIPO 2008 ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

According to an embodiment of the present invention, an electrochromic device comprises: a first substrate; a first electrode which is arranged on the first substrate; a first coloration material layer which is arranged on the first electrode and includes a first coloration material; an electrolyte layer which is arranged on the first coloration material layer; a second coloration material layer which is arranged on the electrolyte layer and includes a second coloration material; a second electrode which is arranged on the second coloration material layer; a second substrate which is arranged on the second electrode; and a third electrode which is arranged on at least one of one surface of both surfaces of the first electrode and one surface of both surfaces of the second electrode, occupies a smaller area than an area of the first electrode and an area of the second electrode, and has a predetermined pattern. At least one of the first substrate and the second substrate is a transparent ...

Método para a aplicação de um material condutor a um substrato, substrato e dispositivo eletro-óptico

Electrochromic device

An electrochromic device comprises an external frame, an electrochromic element disposed inside the external frame, a light transmittance protection board, and a decorative frame layer. The electrochromic element comprises two substrates, two transparent conductive layers, an ion conductor layer, an electrochromic layer, and an ion storage layer. The protection board locates at the front side of the electrochromic element to protect the electrochromic element. The decorative frame layer can shield the surrounding portion of the electrochromic element. With design of the protection board and the modifying frame layer, The protective plate, together with the decorative frame layer, is fixed to the electrochromic element, and the peripheral portion of the electrochromic element which is not desired to be observed is concealed,. It is convenient during assembling. The entire device of the invention is easily manufactured and has lower costs.

Counter electrode for electrochromic devices

The embodiments herein relate to electrochromic stacks, electrochromic devices, and methods and apparatus for making such stacks and devices. In various embodiments, an anodically coloring layer in an electrochromic stack or device is fabricated to include nickel tungsten tantalum oxide (NiWTaO). This material is particularly beneficial in that it is very transparent in its clear state.

FABRICATION OF LOW DEFECTIVITY ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

ELECTROCHEMICAL DISPLAY DEVICE

Disclosed is an electrochemical display device which is capable of forming a full color display of high quality by a simple display element structure without performing complicated operations. The electrochemical display device is characterized by comprising a plurality of electrolyte layers and containing a redox active compound which is contained in at least one of the electrolyte layers and substantially incompatible with an adjacent electrolyte layer.

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES HAVING NO POSITIONAL OFFSET BETWEEN SUBSTRATES

To allow an electrochromic device to have little or no offset between its front and rear elements, an electrical conductor may be provided to electrically couple a portion of a first conductive layer provided on the rear surface of the front element with a portion of a second conductive layer provided on the front surface of the rear element. The electrical conductor may be in the form of a conductive portion of the seal. To prevent shorting across the electrochromic medium, at least one of the first and second conductive layers is separated into a first portion and a second portion that is electrically isolated from the first portion and is in electrical contact with the electrochromic material. An elastomeric bezel may be utilized. Also, an edge seal may optionally be employed so as to reduce the need or width of the bezel.

DISPLAYS FOR HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGES AND METHODS FOR PRODUCING SAME

An electrode construction for incorporation into an electrochromic display device with a substrate; an electrochromic material applied to the substrate in a spatially resolved manner. The electrochromic material is (a) applied to the substrate with a resolution of greater than about 75 dpi and (b) the spatial resolution is obtained by a non-photolithographic method. The substrate may have a mesoporous morphology. Printing methods such as ink-jet printing may be used. Other materials such as masking materials, charge storing materials, complementary electrochromic materials and the mesoporous material itself may be set down by ink-jet methods. The electrodes construction may be included in electrochromic devices. The resolution obtained is high and devices incorporating these materials may be addressable.

ELECTROCHROMIC GLAZING ELEMENT

The invention concerns a glazing element for faces of buildings or for window systems, in particular for motor vehicles, trains or aeroplanes. This partition comprises at least two panes (G1, G2) with a space between them. On at least one of the surfaces of the panes that faces into the interspace is a coating structure comprising an electroconductive layer (1) applied to one of the surfaces of the pane followed by an electrochromic layer (2), an ionic conducting layer (3) and finally an electrocatalytic layer (4). The invention is characterised in that the coating structure is provided in the waterless interspace, and in that exclusively a reducing or oxidising gas or gas mixture (G) comprising a reducing or oxidising gas and an inert gas is provided and in that an electrical tension of less than 1.2 volts is fed between the electroconductive and the electrocatalytic layer.

POLYMERIC ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

An electrochromic device includes a first substrate (12) having at least one polymeric surface (28); a primer layer (32) along the polymeric surface; a first electrically conductive transparent coating (18) along the primer of the first substrate, wherein the primer layer adheres the first electrically conductive coating to the polymeric surface of the first substrate; a second substrate (14) spaced apart from the first substrate to define a chamber therebetween; a second electrically conductive transparent coating (20) on a surface (30) of the second substrate such that the first coating is in facing relation to the second coating, wherein at least one of the first and second substrates is transparent; and an electrochromic medium (22) contained in the chamber, the electrochromic medium having reduced luminous transmittance upon application of electrical power to the first and second conductive coatings and establishing an electrical potential through the electrochromic medium, and wherein ...

Manufacturing methods for a transparent conductive oxide on a flexible substrate

An electrochromic device is provided. The device includes a substrate and an electrochromic stack on the substrate. The stack includes a first set of bus bars, a first transparent conductive layer, at least one electrochromic layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second set of bus bars, wherein at least one of the first transparent conductive layer or the second transparent conductive layer includes resistivity that varies by horizontal location according to a resistivity profile. In some embodiments the resistivity profile has a vertical component that may or may not be in addition to the horizontal component. Various embodiments of these materials can be tuned as to profiles of vertical resistance and horizontal sheet resistance.

DISPLAY MIRROR ASSEMBLY

A display mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a front shield having a first side and a second side. A partially reflective, partially transmissive element is mounted on the first side. A rear shield is disposed behind the front shield. A display module is mounted between the front shield and the rear shield and includes in order from the front shield: a display; an optic block; a heat sink having an edge lit PCB mounted along a top edge thereof; and a PCB. The front shield is secured to at least one component of the display module with a first retaining feature and the rear shield is secured to at least one component of the display module with a second retaining feature. A housing at least partially surrounds the partially reflective, partially transmissive element, the front shield, carrier plate, display module, and rear shield.

Multi-zone EC windows

Thin-film devices, for example, multi-zone electrochromic windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. In certain cases, a multi-zone electrochromic window comprises a monolithic EC device on a transparent substrate and two or more tinting zones, wherein the tinting zones are configured for independent operation.

Electrochromic rearview mirror incorporating a third surface partially transmissive reflector

The inventive electrochromic mirror may be used in a vehicle rearview mirror assembly having a light source positioned behind the electrochromic mirror for selectively projecting light through the mirror. The electrochromic mirror includes front and rear spaced elements each having front and rear surfaces and being sealably bonded together in a spaced-apart relationship to define a chamber, a layer of transparent conductive material disposed on the rear surface of the front element, an electrochromic material is contained within the chamber, and a second electrode overlies the front surface of the rear element in contact with the electrochromic material. The second electrode includes a layer of reflective material and a partially transmissive coating of and is disposed over substantially all of the front surface of the rear element. The second electrode further includes a region in front of the light source that is at least partially transmissive.

Clip for use with transparent conductive electrodes in electrochromic devices

An improved electrochromic device for rearview mirror for motor vehicles and windows, the device incorporating an improved conductive clip comprising an elongated unitary member having a resilient backwall section connecting a plurality of first resilient sections separated from one another by a plurality of recesses and a plurality of second resilient sections Laterally spaced from the plurality of first resilient sections and separated from one another by a plurality of recesses, where each of the plurality of first resilient sections have at least one dimple adapted to bear against a surface of an electrozhromic device that is coated with a transparent conductor, and where each of the plurality of second resilient sections are adapted to bear against another surface of said electrochromic device, where said unitary member is capable of bending in three directions and supplying a potential to the transparent conductor in a stable manner for long periods of time. The clip may optionally ...

Ruthenium oxide counterelectrode for electrochromic devices

An improved electrochromic device of the type having an electrochromic electrode in contact with an ion conductor, the ion conductor in turn being in contact with a layer of gold. The improvement of the instant invention is to interpose a layer of ruthenium oxide between the ion conductor and the layer of gold. The layer of ruthenium oxide is not an electrochromic material.

Process for manufacturing solid electrochromic element

The solid electrochromic element of this invention is to be used for various types of dimmers and displays, and comprises a pair of electrode layers, an oxidation color-developing layer, an ion-donating layer and a reduction color-developing layer laminated one upon another on a substrate. In the manufacture of this type of electrochromic element, the pair of electrode layers and the ion-donating layer are formed by the ion plating technique. The dimmers of this invention for automotive sun roof, side-watching window and glare-free mirror each contains an electrochromic element manufactured by the process mentioned above. The light transmittance of the sun roof and side-watching window, as well as the intensity of reflecting light at the glare-free mirror, are appropriately controlled according to the conditions of their use by application of a variable voltage across the two electrode layers of the electrochromic element.

Lightweight electrochromic mirror

A mirror and housing assembly includes a multi-layer electrochromic (EC) mirror subassembly supported by a carrier. The EC mirror subassembly includes a front transparent element and a rear element, each having front and rear surfaces, a reflector on one of the surfaces of the rear element, and further includes a seal spacing the front and rear elements apart to define a chamber therebetween. An EC material, such as solution phase, gel phase, solid phase, or a hybrid EC material, fills the chamber and is electrically connected to a control for controlled dimming of reflections from the reflector. The front and rear elements each are characteristically very thin, such as about 1.6 mm to 0.8 mm, or more preferably 1.2 mm to 1.0 mm, and most preferably 1.1 mm, such that the EC mirror subassembly is characteristically surprisingly and unexpectedly low in weight. This makes the front and rear elements flexible and sensitive to bending in a thickness direction, which can result in unacceptable ...

Method for improving the durability of ion insertion materials

The invention provides a method of protecting an ion insertion material from the degradative effects of a liquid or gel-type electrolyte material by disposing a protective, solid ion conducting, electrically insulating, layer between the ion insertion layer and the liquid or gel-type electrolyte material. The invention further provides liquid or gel-type electrochemical cells having improved durability having a pair of electrodes, a pair of ion insertion layers sandwiched between the pair of electrodes, a pair of solid ion conducting layers sandwiched between the ion insertion layers, and a liquid or gel-type electrolyte material disposed between the solid ion conducting layers, where the solid ion conducting layer minimizes or prevents degradation of the faces of the ion insertion materials facing the liquid or gel-type electrolyte material. Electrochemical cells of this invention having increased durability include secondary lithium batteries and electrochromic devices.

ELECTROCHROMIC CELL

An electrochromic (EC) cell having improved dielectric tunability and lower dielectric losses is disclosed. A multi-layer structure includes at least one electrochromic layer of a transition metal oxide between electrode layers. Two electrolyte layers are located on either side of the at least one electrochromic layer and next to the electrode layers. An ion storage film layer of a transition metal oxide may be provided between the electrochromic layer and one of the electrolyte layers. This structure prevents the shortening of the channel height when a voltage is applied therefore reducing dielectric losses.

Electrochromic mirror

FABRICATION OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a substrate;a first electrode layer disposed on the substrate;an electrochromic stack comprising an electrochromic layer of electrochromic material and a counter electrode layer of counter electrode material;a second electrode layer disposed on the electrochromic stack; and 'the first material includes a plurality of voids or gaps that are at least partially filled by a second material from a polishing compound used to polish the DMIL.', 'a defect-mitigating insulating layer (DMIL) comprising a substantially transparent and electronically insulating first material disposed between the first electrode layer and the electrochromic stack; wherein2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the first material comprises a first electronically insulating material and the second material comprises a second claim 1 , different claim 1 , electronically insulating material.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the second material comprises particles from the polishing compound.4. The electrochromic device of claim 3 , wherein the particles ...

Electrochromic mirror

A solid type EC mirror with improved corrosion resistance of its reflecting metal film is provided. On one surface (i.e., rear surface as viewed from the side on which light is incident) of a glass substrate are successively laminated an ITO transparent electrode film and an EC device consisting of three layers of an anode compound film, a solid electrolyte film and a cathode compound film. On the surface thereof are further successively laminated a high reflecting metal material film and a high corrosion resistant metal film. Since the high reflecting metal material film is covered with the high corrosion resistant metal film, a corrosion prevention effect against corrosion by moisture permeating from outside is enhanced and an offset width of the EC mirror can be reduced and a range of effective field of view can be enlarged.

METHODS OF MANUFACTURING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES CONTAINING A SOLID-STATE ELECTROLYTE

A method of forming an electrochromic (EC) device includes forming a solid-state first electrolyte layer, after forming the solid-state first electrolyte layer, laminating the first solid-state first electrolyte layer between a transparent first substrate and a transparent second substrate such that a transparent first electrode is disposed between the first substrate and a first side of the solid-state first electrolyte layer, and a transparent second electrode is disposed between the second substrate and a second side of the solid-state first electrolyte layer, and applying a sealant to seal the solid-state first electrolyte layer between the first and second substrates and to form the EC device.

Display with micro pockets

The present invention relates to a thin display (15), and a method of manufacturing the same. The display (15) comprises an isolated substrate 80), with cavities (60) also called micro pockets in a pattern, or created with a separate sheet (55) with holes (60) mounted on the substrate (80). These micro pockets (60) will make the picture elements of the display (15). The display (15) further comprises perforated holes (70) in the centre of the micro pockets (60) and a conductive material (40, 50) covering the surfaces inside the micro pockets (60) and the perforated holes. An electro-optical material (30) fill the cavities (60), and a uniform layer of transparent conductive material (20) cover all the filled micro pockets (60). A top layer of a transparent substrate (10) cover the conductive layer (20).

ANTIGLARE ANTICLOUDING DEVICE AND AUTOMOTIVE OUTER MIRROR

An anti-glare element provided with a front side substrate comprising a substrate having a wave length selective property, and a back side substrate comprising a transparent substrate and having electrochromic films which exhibit an electrochromic phenomenon interposed between the front side substrate and back side substrate, wherein a photocatalyst film comprising a photocatalyst substance having transmittivity and a hydrophilic functional film comprising a hydrophilic film of a hydrophilic substance are formed on the front side of the front side substrate comprising a substrate with said wave-length selective property, to thereby give an anti-fog function. Or electrode-cum-reflective film is formed on the backside film of the electrochromic film, to thereby achieve a reflective mirror. An anti-glare and anti-fog element or an exterior mirror for automobiles wherein spectral reflectance characteristics of the anti-glare and anti-fog element can be set so that predetermined color phase ...

METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE DURABILITY OF ION INSERTION MATERIALS

The invention provides a method of protecting an ion insertion material from the degradative effects of a liquid or gel-type electrolyte material by deposing a protective, solid ion conducting, electrically insulating, layer between the ion insertion layer and the liquid or gel-type electrolyte material. The invention further provides liquid or gel-type electrochemical cells having improved durability having a pair of electrodes, a pair of ion insertion layers sandwiched between the pair of electrodes, a pair of solid ion conducting layers sandwiched between the ion insertion layers, and a liquid or gel-type electrolyte material disposed between the solid ion conducting layers, where the solid ion conducting layer minimizes or prevents degradation of the faces of the ion insertion materials facing the liquid or gel-type electrode material. Electrochemical cells of this invention having increased durability include secondary lithium batteries and electrochromic devices.

Organic thin film display element

WINDOW ANTENNAS

Electrochromic layer structure and method for the production thereof

An electrochromic layer structure with at least one active layer and at least two electrodes is described. At least one of the electrodes has an electrically conductive network of conductor tracks and the conductor tracks contain nanoparticles. An electrochromic device, a method for production of an electrochromic layer structure and use of an electrochromic layer structure and an electrochromic device are also described.

Electrochromic Device and Method for Producing Same

The present invention relates to electrochromic devices and methods for functionalizing cellulose-based materials, in production and post-production stages, in order to obtain solid-state electrochromic devices. The invention is in the field of electrochemistry. These functionalized cellulose-based materials have typical electrochromic characteristics, specifically the capacity to change the oxidation state, leading to a modification of the physical properties, shown by a color change when exposed to an electric potential difference, being this color change reversible. The color remains in the absence of any electric stimulus, demonstrating a memory effect. An example of an electrochromic device according to the present invention comprises a cellulose-based material soaked with a dispersion of electrochromic inorganic material nanoparticles or with a solution of electrochromic organic molecules, wherein the solution/dispersion contains at least one salt, and is finished by deposition of an electrode in each side of the cellulose-based material, wherein at least one of the electrodes is transparent.

Electrochromic window fabrication methods

Methods of manufacturing electrochromic windows are described. An electrochromic device is fabricated to substantially cover a glass sheet, for example float glass, and a cutting pattern is defined based on one or more low-defectivity areas in the device from which one or more electrochromic panes are cut. Laser scribes and/or bus bars may be added prior to cutting the panes or after. Edge deletion can also be performed prior to or after cutting the electrochromic panes from the glass sheet. Insulated glass units (IGUs) are fabricated from the electrochromic panes and optionally one or more of the panes of the IGU are strengthened.

Electrochromic window fabrication methods

Methods of manufacturing electrochromic windows are described. Insulated glass units (IGU's) are protected, e.g. during handling and shipping, by a protective bumper. The bumper can be custom made using IGU dimension data received from the IGU fabrication tool. The bumper may be made of environmentally friendly materials. Laser isolation configurations and related methods of patterning and/or configuring an electrochromic device on a substrate are described. Edge deletion is used to ensure a good seal between spacer and glass in an IGU and thus better protection of an electrochromic device sealed in the IGU. Configurations for protecting the electrochromic device edge in the primary seal and maximizing viewable area in an electrochromic pane of an IGU are also described.

Opto-electric device and method for manufacturing the same

A thin-film optoelectric device is disclosed comprising a functional layer structure ( 30 ) enclosed between a first barrier layer structure ( 20 ) and a second barrier layer structure ( 40 ), the device having an open, electrically interconnected conductive structure ( 10 ) that is embedded within the first barrier layer structure ( 20 ), that comprises at least one elongated element ( 12 a , 12 b , 12 c ) of a metal that laterally extends within the barrier layer structure ( 20 ), and that is arranged against the functional layer structure ( 30 ), the electrically interconnected conductive structure ( 10 ) having a laterally facing, processed surface embedded in the first barrier layer ( 20 ).

Plasmonic enhancement of material properties

Various plasmonic structures in the form of electrochromic optical switches are described which exhibit relatively high optical switching contrast. The switches generally include a collection of nanoslits formed in a thin electrically conductive film. An electrochromic material is disposed on the conductive film and along the sidewalls of the nanoslit(s).

VARIABLE TRANSMITTANCE OPTICAL FILTER AND USES THEREOF

Variable transmittance optical filters capable of transitioning from a light state to a dark state on exposure to UV radiation and from a dark state to a light state with application of an electric voltage are provided. The optical filters comprise a switching material that comprises one or more chromophores that have electrochromic and photochromic properties. 1. An optical filter capable of transitioning from a light state to a dark state on exposure to UV radiation and from a dark state to a light state with application of an electric voltage , comprising:a) a first and second substantially transparent substrate;b) a first and second electrode disposed on the surface of at least one of the substrates;c) a switching material disposed between the first and second substrates and in contact with the first and second electrodes, the switching material comprising one or more chromophores having electrochromic and photochromic properties.2. The optical filter of further comprising an electrical connection for electrically connecting the first electrode and the second electrode to a source of electric voltage.3. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the switching material is a solution claim 1 , a solution thickened with a polymer claim 1 , or a gel.4. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein transitioning is controllable by application of the electric voltage claim 1 , which optionally lightens the optical filter during UV exposure.5. The optical filter of claim 1 , wherein the optical filter is capable of achieving a visible light transmittance of about 50% or greater in the light state.6. The optical filter of wherein the optical filter is capable of achieving a visible light transmittance of about 30% or less in the dark state.7. The optical filter of wherein the optical filter is capable of achieving a contrast ratio of greater than about 2.8. The optical filter of wherein the VLT in the dark state does not substantially change with temperature.9. The optical ...

MULTI-ZONE ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

In one aspect of the present invention is a substrate comprising multiple, independently controllable electrochromic zones, wherein each of the electrochromic zones share a common, continuous bus bar. In one embodiment, of the electrochromic zones are not completely isolated from each other. In another embodiment, each of the electrochromic zones have the same surface area. In another embodiment, each of the electrochromic zones have a different surface area. 1. A substrate comprising multiple independently controllable electrochromic zones and at least two bus bars , wherein each bus bar is segmented , and wherein at least two adjacent electrochromic zones share a continuous portion of at least one of the bus bars.2. A substrate comprising at least three independently controllable electrochromic zones , the electrochromic zones being arranged sequentially , and wherein no more than any two adjacent electrochromic zones share a continuous portion of at least one of the bus bars.3. The substrate of claim 2 , wherein the substrate comprises three independently controllable electrochromic zones.4. The substrate of claim 3 , wherein adjacent first and second zones share a common portion of a first segmented bus bar and wherein adjacent second and third zones share a common portion of a second segmented bus bar.5. The substrate of claim 2 , wherein each of the electrochromic zones have different surface areas.6. The substrate of claim 2 , wherein each of the electrochromic zones are not completely isolated from each other.7. The substrate of claim 2 , wherein the electrochromic zones are formed from a single electrochromic coating on the substrate.8. The substrate of claim 4 , wherein the first and second segmented bus bars are substantially parallel to each other.9. The substrate of claim 4 , wherein collective portions of the first segmented bus bar and collective portions of the second segmented bus bar run substantially the length of the substrate.10. The substrate ...

Electrical connectivity within architectural glazing frame systems

A system for providing an electrical interface across a sealed boundary may include a frame in sealed engagement with at least a portion of a substrate. The substrate may be in communication with an electrochromic device. The system may further include first and second conduits. The first conduit may be on a first side of the substrate and a second conduit may be on a second side of the substrate. The second conduit may be in communication with the first conduit through at least one of the seal, a space between the seal and the frame, and a space between the seal and the substrate.

NANO SMART GLASS SYSTEM

The present invention provides a nano smart glass system, including nano smart glass, DC power supply, sensor, and control unit. Wherein, the nano smart glass includes glass and the electrochromic thin-film device; The anode of the DC power supply connects to the at least one conductive anode layer of the electrochromic thin-film device; the cathode of the DC power supply connects to the at least one conductive cathode layer of the electrochromic thin-film device; the DC power supply is used to provide 1V-50V DC voltage to the electrochromic thin-film device; the electrochromic thin-film device adheres to the inside surface of the glass through the at least one conductive cathode layer or the at least one conductive anode layer; The sensor measures outdoor or indoor conditions and send the real-time measurement data to the control unit. The control unit connects to the DC power supply, and it can control the output voltage of the DC power supply to the electrochromic thin-film device. The present invention can real-time and intelligently adjust the color of the glass, which can help saving energy and reducing green house gas emission. 1. A nano smart glass system comprising:a nano smart glass, a DC power supply, a sensor, and a control unit, wherein, the nano smart glass, includes glass and the electrochromic thin-film device.2. The nano smart glass system of wherein:the electrochromic thin-film device is a multi-layers thin-film device, consisting of the order of at least one conductive cathode layer, at least one electrochromic layer, at least one ion conductive layer, at least one ion storage layer and at least one conductive anode layer.3. The nano smart glass system of wherein:the total thickness of the electrochromic thin-film device is between 100-5000 nm.4. The nano smart glass system of wherein:the conductive anode layer, the ion storage layer, the ion conductive layer, the electrochromic layer and the conductive cathode layer are all thin films in ...

Photocromic Composition

Provided is a photochromic composition which can function as an adhesive layer for bonding optical sheets made from a polycarbonate resin or the like and a laminated article using said composition exhibits excellent tight adhesion, heat resistance and photochromic properties. In particular, provided is a photochromic composition which can prevent an elution of the composition from the optical sheets when embedding and polymerizing in a polymerizable monomer. The photochromic composition comprises a polyurethane resin (A) having an isocyanurate structure and a photochromic compound (B). 1. A photochromic composition comprising a polyurethane resin (A) having an isocyanurate structure and a photochromic compound (B) , wherein said polyurethane resin (A) having the isocyanurate structure is the polyurethane resin obtained by reacting ,a polyol compound (A1) having two or more hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and having a number-average molecular weight of 400 to 3,000,an isocyanurate compound (A2a) having an isocyanurate structure and three isocyanate groups in the molecule,a diisocyanate compound (A2b) having two isocyanate groups in the molecule, anda chain extender (A3) having two or more groups capable of reacting with the isocyanate groups in the molecule, and having a molecular weight of 50 to 300.2. (canceled)3. The photochromic composition as set forth in claim 1 , wherein an amount ratio of the components (A1) claim 1 , (A2a) claim 1 , (A2b) and (A3) used when obtaining the polyurethane resin (A) having the isocyanurate structure satisfies n1:n2a:n2b:n3=0.30 to 0.90:0.01 to 0.50:0.50 to 0.99:0.10 to 0.70 claim 1 , wherein n2a+n2b=1 and 0.9≦n1+n3≦1.1 claim 1 , when a total mol number of a hydroxyl group included in said component (A1) is n1 claim 1 , a total mol number of an isocyanate group included in said component (A2a) is n2a claim 1 , a total mol number of the isocyanate group included in said component (A2b) is n2b claim 1 , and a total mol number of a ...

THIN-FILM DEVICES AND FABRICATION

Thin-film devices, for example electrochromic devices for windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. Particular focus is given to methods of patterning optical devices. Various edge deletion and isolation scribes are performed, for example, to ensure the optical device has appropriate isolation from any edge defects. Methods described herein apply to any thin-film device having one or more material layers sandwiched between two thin film electrical conductor layers. The described methods create novel optical device configurations. 122-. (canceled)23. A method of fabricating an optical device , the method comprising , in the following order:depositing a lower transparent conductor layer on a substantially transparent substrate;depositing a defect mitigation insulating (DMIL) layer on the lower transparent conductor layer;removing material down to the DMIL and a predefined depth of material from the lower transparent conductor layer in regions at predefined locations in a bus bar expose area along a side of the substantially transparent substrate;depositing an electrochromic device stack over the substantially transparent substrate; andremoving the electrochromic device stack at the predefined locations to expose the lower transparent conductor layer.24. The method of fabricating the optical device of claim 23 , wherein removing the electrochromic device stack at the predefined locations forms spaced punch through areas penetrating into the lower transparent conductor layer; and further comprising filling the spaced punch through areas with a material to form a bus bar.25. The method of fabricating the optical device of claim 24 ,wherein the spaced punch through areas form a plurality of separated scribe lines along the side of the substantially transparent substrate; andwherein the electrochromic device stack is at least partially intact between the separated scribe lines.26. The method of fabricating the optical device of claim 23 , wherein the bus bar ...

Laser Cutting Strengthened Glass

Methods for cutting strengthened glass are disclosed. The methods can include using a laser. The strengthened glass can include chemically strengthened, heat strengthened, and heat tempered glass. Strengthened glass with edges showing indicia of a laser cutting process are also disclosed. The strengthened glass can include an electrochromic film.

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE HAVING THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRODE

An electrochromic device comprises (i) a conductive layer, (ii) an electrochromic material, on the conductive layer, (iii) an electrolyte, on the electrochromic material, and (iv) a counter-electrode, on the electrolyte. The conductive layer has a surface roughness factor (SRF) of at least 10, and the conductive layer comprises a semi-metal. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:(i) a conductive layer,(ii) an electrochromic material, on the conductive layer(iii) an electrolyte, on the electrochromic material, and(iv) a counter-electrode, on the electrolyte,wherein the conductive layer has a surface roughness factor (SRF) of at least 10, andthe conductive layer comprises an n-type degenerate semiconductor.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic material is an organic electrochromic material.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer has a SRF of at least 100.4. (canceled)5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer is transparent.6. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of fluorinated tin oxide claim 1 , aluminum-zinc oxide claim 1 , antimony-tin oxide and indium-tin oxide.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic material is a viologen.8. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate claim 1 , and the conductive layer is on the substrate.9. (canceled)10. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises one member selected from the group consisting of liquid electrolytes and polymer electrolytes.11. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises one member selected from the group consisting of liquid electrolytes and ionic liquid electrolytes.12. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent.13. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein ...

ORGANIC COMPOUND, ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE, OPTICAL FILTER, IMAGE PICKUP APPARATUS, WINDOW, AND ELECTROCHROMIC MIRROR

An organic compound denoted by formula [1], 2. The organic compound according to claim 1 , further comprising anions A and A claim 1 , wherein each of A and A independently represents a monovalent anion.3. The organic compound according to claim 2 , wherein A and A represent the same anion.4. The organic compound according to claim 1 , wherein Y represents the aryl group.5. The organic compound according to claim 4 , wherein Y represents a phenyl group optionally having a substituent.6. The organic compound according to claim 1 , wherein each of Xand Xrepresents the alkyl group and the carbon atom number of the alkyl group is 1 or more and 8 or less.7. An electrochromic device comprising:a pair of electrodes; andan electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes,{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'wherein the electrochromic layer contains the organic compound according to .'}8. The electrochromic device according to claim 7 , wherein the electrochromic layer further contains a second electrochromic compound different from the organic compound.9. The electrochromic device according to claim 8 , wherein the second electrochromic compound is a compound having a visible light transmittance in an oxidation state lower than a visible light transmittance in a reduction state.10. The electrochromic device according to claim 7 , wherein the electrochromic layer contains at least five types of electrochromic compounds.11. The electrochromic device according to claim 10 , wherein the at least five types of electrochromic compounds include a viologen-based compound and a phenazine-based compound.12. The electrochromic device according to claim 7 , wherein the electrochromic layer is a solution layer.13. The electrochromic device according to claim 12 , wherein the electrochromic layer further contains a thickener.14. The electrochromic device according to claim 13 , wherein the weight ratio of the thickener is 20% by weight or less when the weight of ...

SYNAPTIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

A synaptic electronic device includes a substrate including a one or more of a semiconductor and an insulator; a photosensitive layer disposed on a surface of the substrate; an electrochromic stack disposed on the photosensitive layer, the electrochromic stack including a first transparent electrode layer, a cathodic electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer, an anodic electrochromic layer, and a second transparent electrode layer; and a pair of electrodes disposed on the photosensitive layer and on opposing sides of the electrochromic stack. 1. A synaptic electronic device , comprising:a substrate comprising one or more of a semiconductor and an insulator;an electrochromic stack disposed on a surface of the substrate, the electrochromic stack comprises a first transparent electrode layer, a cathodic electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer, an anodic electrochromic layer, and a second transparent electrode layer;a photosensitive layer disposed on the electrochromic stack; anda pair of electrodes disposed on and at opposing end of the photosensitive layer.2. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising a passivation layer on the photosensitive layer.3. The synaptic electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the passivation layer is arranged between electrodes of the pair of electrodes.4. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first transparent electrode layer comprises indium tin oxide.5. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the second transparent electrode layer comprises indium tin oxide.6. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first transparent electrode layer comprises graphene.7. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the second transparent electrode layer comprises graphene.8. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte layer comprises zirconium oxide.9. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the anodic electrochromic layer ...

TILED ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES ON CARRIER GLASS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

A tiled electrochromic (EC) device comprises a carrier glass, a first EC panel laminated to the carrier glass, a second EC panel laminated to the carrier glass, and a seam between the first EC panel and second EC panel. The first and second EC panels comprise an active area, a clear state and a dark state, and the tiled EC device is capable of switching between a clear state and a dark state. 1. A tiled electrochromic (EC) device , comprising:a carrier glass;a first EC device laminated to the carrier glass comprising an active area, a clear state and a dark state;a second EC device laminated to the carrier glass comprising an active area, a clear state and a dark state; anda seam between the first and second EC device;{'sup': '2', 'wherein the carrier glass has an area greater than 2 m, and'}wherein the clear state of the first and second EC devices comprise a CIE-Lab L* in transmission from 70 to 95, b* in transmission from −8 to 8, and a* in transmission from −4 to 4.2. The tiled EC device of claim 1 , wherein the clear state further comprises a Tvis from 70% to 80%.3. The tiled EC device of claim 1 , wherein the dark state of the first and second EC devices comprise a CIE-Lab L* in transmission from 0 to 30 claim 1 , b* in transmission from −5 to −2 claim 1 , and a* in transmission from −7 to −5 claim 1 , and a Tvis from 0.01% to 5%.4. The tiled EC device of claim 1 , further comprising a clear state claim 1 , a dark state claim 1 , and a plurality of tint states between the clear state and the dark state claim 1 , wherein the plurality of tint states are along a continuum of tints comprising a Tvis from 0.1% to 80%.5. The tiled EC device of claim 4 , further comprising a deltaE between any two points within the active area of the device in transmission is less than 10 in the clear state claim 4 , the dark state claim 4 , and at all tint states claim 4 , across the large area EC device in all lateral dimensions.6. The tiled EC device of claim 1 , wherein the seam ...

SOLAR CELL HAVING ELECTROCHROMIC PORTION INSERTED THEREINTO AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a solar cell having an electrochromic portion inserted thereinto and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell includes a light-transmitting portion formed on a substrate and an electrochromic portion formed at the light-transmitting portion and having an electrochromic property, so that beauty may be improved through the color implementation, light transmittance may also be adjusted according to an external environment, and thus it is possible to flexibly cope with a change in external environment. 1. A solar cell having an electrochromic portion inserted thereinto , the solar cell comprising:a back electrode layer disposed on a substrate;a light-absorbing layer disposed on the back electrode layer;a front electrode layer and a buffer layer disposed on the light-absorbing layer;a light-transmitting portion including a light-transmitting region dividing the back electrode layer into multiple portions;an electrochromic portion provided in the light-transmitting portion and including a color adjustment region formed so as to implement a variety of colors according to applied voltage;a first pattern portion disposed at one side of the electrochromic portion and partially exposing the back electrode layer through an opening in the light-absorbing layer and the buffer layer; anda second pattern portion partially exposing the back electrode layer through an opening in the front electrode layer in the presence of a connection wiring formed of a transparent conductive material inserted into the inside of the first pattern portion during a formation of the front electrode layer in the first pattern portion.2. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic portion changes a color by changing transparency according to voltage applied to the portion between the back electrode layers.3. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic portion is formed to have the same height as that of the light-absorbing layer.4. The solar ...

Electromagnetic-shielding electrochromic windows

Electromagnetic-shielding, electrochromic windows comprising one or more multi-layer conductors with an electromagnetic shielding stack for blocking electromagnetic communication signals through the windows.

TIGHT BEZEL TO GLASS FIT MIRROR ASSEMBLY

A rearview mirror assembly includes a housing, a bezel, and an electro-optic mirror element. The electro-optic mirror element includes a first substantially transparent substrate having an edge extending around at least a portion of a perimeter of the first substantially transparent substrate and a second substantially transparent substrate. The first and second substantially transparent substrates define a cavity. An electro-optic material is disposed within the cavity. The first substantially transparent substrate and at least one of the housing and bezel have a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between about 5 ppm and about 50 ppm. 1. A rearview mirror assembly comprising:a housing;a bezel; and a first substantially transparent substrate having an edge extending around at least a portion of a perimeter of the first substantially transparent substrate;', 'a second substantially transparent substrate, wherein the first and second substantially transparent substrates define a cavity; and', 'an electro-optic material disposed within the cavity,, 'an electro-optic mirror element comprisingwherein the first substantially transparent substrate and at least one of the housing and bezel have a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between about 5 ppm and about 50 ppm.2. The rearview mirror assembly of claim 1 , wherein the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the first substantially transparent substrate and at least one of the housing and bezel is between about 10 ppm and about 25 ppm.3. The rearview mirror assembly of claim 2 , wherein the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the first substantially transparent substrate and at least one of the housing and bezel is about 13 ppm.4. The rearview mirror assembly of claim 3 , wherein a gap is defined between the first substantially transparent substrate and the bezel claim 3 , the gap having a width of less than or equal to about 25 μm over greater than about 75% of ...

Electrochromic device and method for producing electrochromic device

To provide an electrochromic device including: a support; a first electrode formed on the support; a second electrode facing the first electrode, where through-holes are formed in the second electrode; an electrochromic layer disposed in a space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first electrolyte layer disposed in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a second electrolyte layer disposed to communicate with the first electrolyte layer through the through-holes; an inorganic protective layer, which is disposed on a surface of the second electrolyte layer not facing the second electrode, and is configured to shield oxygen and water vapor; and an organic protective layer disposed on a surface of the inorganic protective layer that does not face the second electrolyte layer.

SWITCHABLE WINDOW

The present invention refers to a switchable window, in particular for use in an aircraft, helicopter, or space vehicle, which comprises an outer pane construction subjected to sunlight, and an inner pane construction having an electrically switchable film for changing a color or transmittance of the switchable window, the outer pane construction covering at least an irradiated part of the inner pane construction, wherein the outer pane construction absorbs IR radiation of the sunlight and it absorbs or reflects UV radiation of the sunlight. 1. Switchable window , in particular for use in an aircraft , helicopter , or space vehicle , comprising an outer pane construction subjected to sunlight , and an inner pane construction having an electrically switchable film for changing a color or transmittance of the switchable window , the outer pane construction covering at least an irradiated part of the inner pane construction , characterized in that the outer pane construction absorbs IR radiation of the sunlight and it absorbs or reflects UV radiation of the sunlight.2. Switchable window according to claim 1 , characterized in that the outer pane construction comprises at least one transparent pane made of polymethylmethacry-late (PMMA) claim 1 , polycarbonate (PC) claim 1 , or polyethylentherephtalate (PET).3. Switchable window according to claim 2 , characterized in that the outer pane construction comprises two PMMA panes arranged in parallel to each other and with a distance or spacing there between.4. Switchable window according to claim 2 , characterized in that the outer pane construction has at least one PC pane claim 2 , PET pane or PMMA pane comprising an IR absorber including nanoparticles of hexaboride.5. Switchable window according to claim 4 , characterized in that the PC pane claim 4 , the PET pane claim 4 , or PMMA pane includes a perylene based dye.6. Switchable window according to characterized in that the PC pane claim 2 , PET pane or PMMA pane ...

ARTICLE OF FOOTWEAR WITH COLOR CHANGE PORTION AND METHOD OF CHANGING COLOR

An article with a color change portion and a method of changing color. The article includes at least one color change portion capable of changing colors. The color change portion includes composite material including a photonic lattice. The color change portion can change colors according to one or more performance parameters. The article can be connected to a computer and the color change portion can be controlled using the computer 120-. (canceled)21. An article comprising:a first panel including a first surface defining an exterior surface of the article, the first panel including an aperture; anda color change portion attached to the first panel and extending at least partially across the aperture, the color change portion including (i) an outer surface recessed from the exterior surface of the first panel and (ii) a photonic lattice operable to receive an electrical signal to change a color of the color change portion.22. The article of claim 21 , wherein the article is one of an article of clothing claim 21 , an article of footwear claim 21 , or an article of equipment.23. The article of claim 21 , wherein the outer surface extends across an entirety of the aperture.24. The article of claim 21 , wherein the photonic lattice is a component of a composite material.25. The article of claim 24 , wherein the composite material includes a first conductive layer electrically connected to a first terminal and a second conductive layer electrically connected to a second terminal.26. The article of claim 25 , wherein the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are disposed on opposite sides of the photonic lattice.27. The article of claim 25 , wherein the photonic lattice is printed on one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.28. The article of claim 25 , wherein the first terminal and the second terminal are in electrical communication with at least one of a control unit and a power source operable to change a color of the color ...

ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOW FABRICATION METHODS

Methods of manufacturing electrochromic windows are described. Insulated glass units (IGU's) are protected, e.g. during handling and shipping, by a protective bumper. The bumper can be custom made using IGU dimension data received from the IGU fabrication tool. The bumper may be made of environmentally friendly materials. Laser isolation configurations and related methods of patterning and/or configuring an electrochromic device on a substrate are described. Edge deletion is used to ensure a good seal between spacer and glass in an IGU and thus better protection of an electrochromic device sealed in the IGU. Configurations for protecting the electrochromic device edge in the primary seal and maximizing viewable area in an electrochromic pane of an IGU are also described. 1. A method of manufacturing an insulated glass unit (IGU) , the method comprising:(a) fabricating an electrochromic device on a transparent substrate to create an electrochromic window pane;(b) fabricating an insulated glass unit (IGU) comprising the electrochromic window pane; and(c) applying a bumper to the IGU.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bumper comprises a U-channel cap which fits over the glass edges at the perimeter of the IGU.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the bumper comprises an elastomeric or plastic material.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the bumper comprises a vinyl cap.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transporting the IGU claim 1 , with the bumper applied claim 1 , from a manufacturer to an installer.6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising strengthening the electrochromic window pane.7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising laminating a second pane to the electrochromic window pane while in the IGU.8. An edge bumper for an IGU claim 1 , comprising:a) a unitary body that is a U- or C-shaped channel made of a rigid or semi-rigid material; andb) at least three notches, said notches configured to allow bending of the U- or C-shaped channel to ...

MULTI-ZONE EC WINDOWS

Thin-film devices, for example, multi-zone electrochromic windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. In certain cases, a multi-zone electrochromic window comprises a monolithic EC device on a transparent substrate and two or more tinting zones, wherein the tinting zones are configured for independent operation. 1. An electrochromic window lite comprising:(i) a monolithic EC device on a transparent substrate, the monolithic EC device comprising;(ii) two or more tinting zones, each of said two or more tinting zones configured for operation independent of the others and having its own associated bus bars;wherein the two or more tinting zones are formed by only partially cutting through the uppermost TCO of the monolithic EC device to form a resistive zone between each of said two or more tinting zones.228-. (canceled) This is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/191,138, titled “MULTI-ZONE EC WINDOWS” and filed on Nov. 14, 2018, which is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/039,370, titled “MULTI-ZONE EC WINDOWS” and filed on May 25, 2016, which is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 to International Application PCT/US14/71314 (designating the United States), titled “MULTI-ZONE EC WINDOWS” and filed on Dec. 18, 2014, which is a continuation-in-part application to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/137,644, titled “MULTI-ZONE EC WINDOWS” and filed on Dec. 20, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/039,370 is also a continuation-in-part application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/094,897, titled “MULTI-ZONE EC WINDOWS” and filed on Apr. 8, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/137,644 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,341,912), titled “MULTI-ZONE EC WINDOWS” and filed on Dec. 20, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/137,644 is a continuation-in-part application of International Application PCT/US13/069913 (designating the United States), titled “MULTI-ZONE ...

ELECTROCHROMIC LENS AND ELECTROCHROMIC SUNGLASSES INCLUDING SAME

This application relates to an electrochromic lens. In one aspect, the lens includes a substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, a first electrode layer disposed on the first surface of the substrate, and a second electrode layer disposed on the first electrode layer. The lens may also include an electrochromic layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and adjusting transmittance of light incident on the second surface of the substrate. The lens may further include a first conductor electrically connected to the first electrode layer, and having higher conductivity than at least one of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer. The lens may further include a second conductor electrically connected to the second electrode layer, and having higher conductivity than at least one of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer. 1. An electrochromic lens , comprising:a substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface;a first electrode layer disposed on the first surface of the substrate;a second electrode layer disposed on the first electrode layer;an electrochromic layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and adjusting transmittance of light incident on the second surface of the substrate;a first conductor electrically connected to the first electrode layer, and having higher conductivity than at least one of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer; anda second conductor electrically connected to the second electrode layer, and having higher conductivity than at least one of the first electrode layer or the second electrode layer;wherein the first conductor and the second conductor correspond to a shape of an edge of the substrate so that the first conductor and the second conductor are hidden when the electrochromic lens is mounted on a frame for glasses, andwherein a ...

Electrochromic element and electrochromic light control device

Provided is an electrochromic element including: a support; an electrochromic layer over the support; an electrolyte layer over the support; and a sealant resin layer in contact with the electrochromic layer at longitudinal ends of the electrochromic layer in a layer lamination direction, wherein the electrochromic layer contains a polymerized product of an oxidatively color-developable electrochromic composition containing a radical-polymerizable compound, and the sealant resin layer contains a thermosetting material.

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR MAKING THE SAME

An electrochromic device includes upper and lower substrate units, and an electrochromic laminate sandwiched between an upper electrode of the upper substrate unit and a lower electrode of the lower substrate unit. The electrochromic laminate includes an ion storage layer formed on the upper electrode, an active layer formed on the lower electrode, and a polymer electrolyte sandwiched between inner surfaces of the ion storage layer and the active layer. At least one of the inner surfaces has a roughened peripheral region such that an adhesion force generated between the roughened peripheral region and the polymer electrolyte is effective to minimize thermal shrinkage of the polymer electrolyte. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:upper and lower substrate units, at least one of which is light-transmissive, said upper substrate unit having an upper substrate body and an upper electrode formed on said upper substrate body, said lower substrate unit having a lower substrate body and a lower electrode formed on said lower substrate body; and an ion storage layer formed on said upper electrode, and having a first inner surface which is opposite to said upper electrode, and which includes a first central region and a first peripheral region,', 'an active layer which is made of an electrochromic material, which is formed on said lower electrode, and which has a second inner surface that is opposite to said lower electrode, and that includes a second central region and a second peripheral region,', 'a polymer electrolyte which is sandwiched between said first inner surface of said ion storage layer and said second inner surface of said active layer, and which is made from a polymeric adhesive material such that said active layer and said ion storage layer are bonded to each other by means of said polymer electrolyte, wherein', 'at least one of said first and second peripheral regions is roughened to increase a contact area between said polymer electrolyte and said at ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE, AND ELECTROCHROMIC LIGHT CONTROL DEVICE

An electrochromic device is provided. The electrochromic device includes a laminated body having a curved surface shape and an optical lens on a first surface of the laminated body. The laminated body includes a substrate, a first electrode layer on the substrate, an electrochromic layer in contact with the first electrode layer, a second electrode layer facing the first electrode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer and in contact with electrochromic layer. 1. An electrochromic device comprising: a substrate;', 'a first electrode layer on the substrate;', 'an electrochromic layer in contact with the first electrode layer;', 'a second electrode layer facing the first electrode layer; and', 'a solid electrolyte layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer and in contact with electrochromic layer; and, 'a laminated body having a curved surface shape, includingan optical lens on a first surface of the laminated body.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate forms a second surface of the laminated body opposite the first surface.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising an adhesive layer adhering the laminated body and the optical lens to each other.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate resin claim 1 , polyethylene terephthalate resin claim 1 , polymethyl methacrylate resin claim 1 , urethane resin claim 1 , polyolefin resin claim 1 , and polyvinyl alcohol resin.5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the substrate and the optical lens each comprise a resin resistant to at least one of a wiping test claim 1 , a drop ball test claim 1 , and a static pressure loading test.6. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the optical lens comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of polycarbonate resin ...

Insulated Glass Unit Utilizing Electrochromic Elements

Methods and materials to fabricate electrochromic including electrochemical devices are disclosed. In particular, emphasis is placed on the composition, fabrication and incorporation of electrolytic sheets in these devices. Composition, fabrication and incorporation of redox layers and sealants suitable for these devices are also disclosed. Incorporation of EC devices in insulated glass system (IGU) windows is also disclosed. 1. An insulated glass unit (IGU) comprising an electrochromic (EC) element which is (a) capable of reversibly varying the Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) of the said IGU from about a range between 0.25 and 0.55 down to a range between 0.03 and 0.15 and (b) has a low-emissivity (Low-E) coating and (c) the said IGU has a thermal resistance (R value) of greater than 5.2. The IGU of claim 1 , wherein the IGU contains a vacuum insulated glass (VIG) element.3. The IGU of claim 2 , wherein the VIG unit comprises the EC element in a combination with a second glass element and spacers and vacuum therebetween.4. The IGU of claim 3 , wherein one of the surfaces of the second glass element is coated with a Low-E coating.5. The IGU of claim 1 , wherein at least one space between the glass elements is filled by argon claim 1 , krypton claim 1 , SF claim 1 , or a combination thereof.6. The IGU of claim 1 , further comprising a privacy glass element capable of reversibly changing its optical state from clear to opaque due to application of an electrical voltage.7. The IGU of claim 6 , wherein the privacy glass element comprises liquid crystalline material.8. The IGU of claim 7 , wherein the privacy element comprises flexible substrates and is bonded to a glass substrate or laminated between a pair of glass substrates.9. The IGU of claim 1 , comprising at least 2 additional glass elements in addition to the said EC element claim 1 , wherein the glass elements are separated by a gap filled with a gas.10. The IGU of claim 9 , wherein one of the 2 additional ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM OF SELF-CONTAINED AND SELF-POWERED CONTROLLER

The disclosure relates generally to an electrochromic system. The system may include one or more electrochromic devices and a central control device. Each electrochromic device may include two glass layers, two adhesive layers, an electrochromic film, a controller, and a control device. The two adhesive layers may be disposed on inner surfaces of the two glass layers. The electrochromic film may be disposed between the two adhesive layers, the electrochromic film including an electrochromic material layer, a solid polymer electrolyte, and a charge storage layer. The controller may include a power converter, a signal receiver, and a power output. The power converter may be configured to receive power from a power source. The power source may include an energy storage integrated with the controller. The signal receiver may be configured to receive a control signal. The power output may be coupled to the electrochromic film and configured to provide power to the electrochromic film to control optical state of the electrochromic film. The control device may be configured to send the control signal to the signal receiver. The central control device may be configured to globally control optical states of all of the one or more electrochromic devices. 1. An electrochromic system , comprising: two glass layers;', 'two adhesive layers disposed on inner surfaces of the two glass layers;', 'an electrochromic film disposed between the two adhesive layers, the electrochromic film including an electrochromic material layer, a solid polymer electrolyte, and a charge storage layer;', 'a controller including a power converter, a signal receiver, and a power output, the power converter configured to receive power from a power source, the signal receiver configured to receive a control signal, and the power output coupled to the electrochromic film and configured to provide power to the electrochromic film to control optical state of the electrochromic film, wherein the power source ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE HAVING COLOR REFLECTANCE AND TRANSMISSION

The disclosure generally relates to electrochromic devices comprising, in the following order a substantially transparent substrate (402); an optional diffusion barrier layer (412); a stack of interleaved index matching layers including a first index matching layer and a second index matching layer, the first index matching layer being preferably made of TiOx or Nb20s 41Q and having a higher refractive index than the second index matching layer preferably made of silicon oxide; a first conductive layer (420); a solid state and inorganic electrochromic stack (430); and a second conductive layer (440). 1. An electrochromic device comprising , in the following order:a substantially transparent substrate;a stack of interleaved index matching layers including a first index matching layer and a second index matching layer, the first index matching layer having a higher refractive index than the second index matching layer;a first conductive layer;a solid state and inorganic electrochromic stack; anda second conductive layer.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the first index matching layer is a TiOmaterial layer or an NbOmaterial layer.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the second index matching layer is a silicon oxide layer.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising a diffusion barrier layer.5. The electrochromic device of claim 4 , wherein the diffusion barrier layer is located between the substantially transparent substrate and the first index matching layer.6. The electrochromic device of claim 5 , wherein the diffusion barrier layer is a silicon oxide layer.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second conductive layers is a transparent conductive oxide layer.8. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second conductive layers is a one of a fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) layer claim 1 , an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer claim 1 , and an aluminum zinc oxide (AZO) ...

ELECTROCHROMIC LAMINATES

Thin-film devices, for example electrochromic devices for windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. Particular focus is given to methods of patterning optical devices. Various edge deletion and isolation scribes are performed, for example, to ensure the optical device has appropriate isolation from any edge defects. Methods described herein apply to any thin-film device having one or more material layers sandwiched between two thin film electrical conductor layers. The described methods create novel optical device configurations. 119-. (canceled)20. An electrochromic laminate , comprising:a first substrate;a second substrate laminated to the first substrate;a lamination adhesive between the first substrate and the second substrate;an electrochromic device at a lamination interface between the first and the second substrates, wherein the electrochromic device is disposed on the second substrate; anda low emissivity coating disposed inboard of the electrochromic device.21. The electrochromic laminate of claim 20 , wherein the second substrate has a thickness in a range from about 0.1 mm to about 1 mm thick.22. The electrochromic laminate of claim 20 , wherein the low emissivity coating is disposed on an inboard surface of the second substrate.23. The electrochromic laminate of claim 20 , wherein the first substrate has an infrared radiation reflective material layer disposed thereon.24. The electrochromic laminate of claim 23 , wherein the infrared radiation reflective material layer comprises a TiO2/Ag/TiO2 coating.25. The electrochromic laminate of claim 23 , wherein the first substrate is located inboard of the second substrate.26. The electrochromic laminate of claim 20 , wherein the first substrate is located outboard of the second substrate.27. The electrochromic laminate of claim 20 , wherein the first substrate has a thickness in a range from about 3 mm to about 25 mm.28. The electrochromic laminate of claim 20 , wherein the first substrate has a ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Disclosed herein is an electrochromic device having a structure in which atoms of an electrolytic layer and an ion storage layer are mixed with each other. The electrochromic device includes an active layer configured to provide a transparent state by a protonation and a reflective state by a deprotonation, an ion storage layer which stores a proton, an electrolytic layer which is provided between the active layer and the ion storage layer and used a medium through which the proton is moved, and a mixed layer having constituent elements of the ion storage layer and the electrolytic layer. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:an active layer configured to provide a transparent state by a protonation and a reflective state by a deprotonation;an ion storage layer configured to store a proton;an electrolytic layer provided between the active layer and the ion storage layer and configured to be a medium through which the proton is moved; anda mixed layer comprising a constituent element of the ion storage layer and a constituent element of the electrolytic layer.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the mixed layer is provided between the ion storage layer and the electrolytic layer.3. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the mixed layer comprises a uniform mix of the constituent elements of the ion storage layer and the electrolytic layer.4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the mixed layer has a structure in which the constituent element of the ion storage layer permeates into the electrolytic layer.5. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the mixed layer has a structure in which the constituent element of the electrolytic layer permeates into the ion storage layer.6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the mixed layer is configured to have a thickness in a range between 10 percent and 50 percent of a total thickness of the ion storage layer claim 1 , the mixed layer claim 1 , and the electrolytic layer.7. The device according to claim ...

ELECTROCHROMIC COATED GLASS ARTICLES AND METHODS FOR LASER PROCESSING THE SAME

Disclosed herein are glass articles coated on at least one surface with an electrochromic layer and comprising minimal regions of laser damage, and methods for laser processing such glass articles. Insulated glass units comprising such coated glass articles are also disclosed herein. 1. An electrochromic glass article comprising: i. a first surface,', 'ii. an opposing second surface, and', 'iii. one or more edges, wherein at least one or more of the one or more edges comprises a laser-modified edge;, 'a. a glass substrate comprising'} i. disposed on at least a portion of the second surface, and', 'ii. comprising at least two electrically discontinuous regions, each having a contour; and, 'b. an electrochromic coating'}wherein the two electrically discontinuous regions are separated by a laser-modified discontinuity line having a width from about 0.1 μm to about 25 μm.2. The electrochromic glass article of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic coating comprises tungsten oxide.3. The electrochromic glass article of claim 1 , wherein the electrically discontinuous regions are not substantially laser damaged.4. The electrochromic glass article of claim 1 , wherein the second surface of the glass substrate proximate to the laser-modified discontinuity line is not substantially laser damaged.5. The electrochromic glass article of claim 4 , wherein the contour of at least one of the at least two electrically discontinuous regions is non-linear.6. The electrochromic glass article of claim 1 , wherein the laser cut discontinuity is a continuous line formed by a laser with a pulse width from 10to 10seconds at FWHM.7. The electrochromic glass article of claim 1 , wherein the second region comprises a pattern in the first region or the first region comprises a pattern in the second region.8. The electrochromic glass article of claim 1 , wherein the glass article comprises a glass sheet having a thickness ranging from about 0.1 mm to about 10 mm.9. The electrochromic glass ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE INCLUDING CAPPING LAYER

An electrochromic device includes an optically transparent first substrate, a first transparent conductor disposed on the first substrate, a counter electrode disposed on the first transparent conductor, an optically transparent, ionically conductive first capping layer disposed on the counter electrode, and configured to permit diffusion of alkali metal ions, and to block the diffusion of organic compounds and carbon, an optically transparent second substrate, a second transparent conductor disposed on the second substrate, a working electrode comprising electrochromic nanoparticles disposed on the second transparent conductor, and an electrolyte disposed between the first capping layer and the working electrode. 1. An electrochromic (EC) device comprising:an optically transparent first substrate;a first transparent conductor disposed on the first substrate;a counter electrode disposed on the first transparent conductor;an optically transparent, ionically conductive, first capping layer disposed on the counter electrode, and configured to permit diffusion of alkali metal ions, and to block the diffusion of organic compounds and carbon;an optically transparent second substrate;a second transparent conductor disposed on the second substrate;a working electrode comprising electrochromic nanoparticles disposed on the second transparent conductor; andan electrolyte disposed between the first capping layer and the working electrode.2. The EC device of claim 1 , wherein in the first capping layer is electrically conductive and comprises tantalum oxide claim 1 , vanadium oxide claim 1 , tungsten oxide claim 1 , indium oxide claim 1 , fluorine doped tin oxide claim 1 , or mixtures thereof.3. The EC device of claim 1 , wherein in the first capping layer is electrically insulating and comprises lithium niobate claim 1 , silicon nitride claim 1 , silicon dioxide claim 1 , silicon oxynitride claim 1 , aluminum oxide claim 1 , lithium phosphorous oxynitride claim 1 , lithium ...

DIMMING ELEMENT INCLUDING GLASS FILM

The present invention provides a light control element which has a light weight and high reliability and can easily be bonded to a glass surface or the like. The light control element of the present invention includes a glass film, a light control layer, a resin film, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in the stated order, wherein the light control element has a bending radius of from 20 mm to 100 mm, and wherein the glass film has a thickness of from 50 μm to 200 μm. 1. A light control element , comprising a glass film , a light control layer , a resin film , and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in the stated order ,wherein the light control element has a bending radius of from 20 mm to 100 mm, andwherein the glass film has a thickness of from 50 μm to 200 μm.2. The light control element according to claim 1 ,wherein the resin film has a thickness of from 20 μm to 200 μm, andwherein the resin film has a modulus of elasticity at 23° C. of from 2 GPa to 10 GPa.3. The light control element according to claim 1 ,wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a thickness of from 20 μm to 200 μm, and{'sup': −5', '−2, 'wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a modulus of elasticity at 23° C. of from 1×10GPa to 1×10GPa.'}4. The light control element according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the light control element from the glass film to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is from 70 μm to 500 μm.5. A glass film roll with a light control layer claim 1 , comprising a glass film having an elongated shape and a light control layer laminated on one side of the glass film claim 1 ,wherein the glass film has a thickness of from 50 μm to 200 μm. The present invention relates to a light control element including a glass film.A light control element has hitherto been used as a window glass of a building, a vehicle, or the like, or as an interior material. In particular, in recent years, from the viewpoints of, for example, reducing a heating and cooling ...

Defect-mitigation layers in electrochromic devices

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10 8 Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used.

NARROW PRE-DEPOSITION LASER DELETION

Certain aspects pertain to methods of fabricating an optical device on a substantially transparent substrate that include a pre-deposition operation that removes a width of lower conductor layer at a distance from the outer edge of the substrate to form a pad at the outer edge. The pad and any deposited layers of the optical device may be removed in a post edge deletion operation. 123-. (canceled)24. An electrochromic device comprising:a first transparent conductor layer disposed on a first area of a rectangular glass substrate, the first area less than that of the rectangular glass substrate, the first transparent conductor layer surrounded by a first perimeter area that is substantially free of the first transparent conductor layer, wherein the first transparent conductor layer has a taper along at least three sides and a bus bar pad expose area along one side;one or more material layers comprising at least one electrochromic material, the one or more layers disposed on the first transparent conductor layer; anda second transparent conductor layer disposed on the one or more material layers;wherein the one or more material layers and the second transparent conductor layer are coextensive with, and overhang, the first transparent conductor layer along at least one side;wherein the bus bar pad expose area is substantially free of material down to the first transparent conductor layer; andwherein the electrochromic device is substantially free of (i) the first transparent conductor layer, (ii) the one or more material layers, and (iii) the second transparent conductor layer in a second perimeter area within the first perimeter area.25. The electrochromic device of claim 24 , wherein the second perimeter area lies along the three sides.26. The electrochromic device of claim 24 , wherein the taper is a partial removal of thickness from the first transparent conductor layer along the at least three sides.27. The electrochromic device of claim 24 , wherein the taper ...

ELECTRICALLY SWITCHABLE GLAZING COMPRISING SURFACE ELECTRODES WITH ANISOTROPIC CONDUCTIVITY

A glazing having electrically switchable properties is presented. The glazing includes, areally arranged in sequence, a substrate, a first electrically conductive layer, an active layer, and a second electrically conductive layer. According to one aspect, at least one electrically insulating barrier layer is areally arranged within, and completely covered areally by, one of the first and second electrically conductive layers. According to another aspect, the active layer is an electrochromic functional element, that includes an electrochromic layer adjacent the first electrically conductive layer, and a counter electrode adjacent the second electrically conductive layer. 115.-. (canceled)16. A glazing having electrically switchable properties , the glazing comprising , areally arranged in sequence:a first substrate;a first electrically conductive layer;an active layer; and wherein at least one electrically conductive layer of the first electrically conductive layer and the second electrically conductive layer comprises at least one electrically insulating barrier layer that is areally arranged within the at least one electrically conductive layer, and', 'wherein the electrically insulating barrier layer is completely covered, areally, by the at least one electrically conductive layer., 'a second electrically conductive layer,'}17. The glazing according to claim 16 , wherein the at least one electrically conductive layer is directly adjacent the active layer.18. The glazing according to claim 16 , wherein the electrically insulating barrier layer passes through the at least one electrically conductive layer so that a layer portion of at least 1% of a total thickness of the at least one electrically conductive layer is arranged between the electrically insulating barrier layer and the active layer.19. The glazing according to claim 18 , wherein the layer portion is least 5% of the total thickness of the at least one electrically conductive layer.20. The glazing ...

OPTICAL DEVICE FABRICATION

Transparent conductive coatings are polished using particle slurries in combination with mechanical shearing force, such as a polishing pad. Substrates having transparent conductive coatings that are too rough and/or have too much haze, such that the substrate would not produce a suitable optical device, are polished using methods described herein. The substrate may be tempered prior to, or after, polishing. The polished substrates have low haze and sufficient smoothness to make high-quality optical devices. 1. A method of fabricating an electrochromic window , the method comprising:a) mechanically polishing a surface of a first transparent conducting layer disposed on a glass substrate;b) fabricating an electrochromic device on the first transparent conducting layer, wherein the electrochromic device comprises an electrochromic layer, a counter electrode layer and a second transparent conducting oxide layer; andc) tempering the glass substrate prior to a) or prior to b).2. The method of claim 1 , wherein mechanically polishing reduces haze to less than 1%.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass substrate is tempered prior to b).4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the glass substrate is tempered prior to a).5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transparent conducting layer is a tin oxide based material.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the tin oxide based material comprises fluorinated tin oxide.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a) includes an abrasive preparation comprising particles having a Mohs hardness scale factor of at least 9.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the abrasive preparation comprises one or both of alumina carborundum.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the abrasive preparation is an alumina slurry having an average particle diameter of 250 nm or greater.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the average particle diameter is about 1 μM.11. The method of claim 1 , wherein a) is performed for between about 10 minutes and about 90 minutes.12. The ...

Electrochromic multi-layer devices with composite current modulating structure

A multi-layer device comprising a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer and a first current modulating structure on a surface thereof, the first current modulating structure comprising a composite of a resistive material and a patterned insulating material, the first current modulating structure having a cross-layer resistance to the flow of electrical current through the first current modulating structure that varies as a function of position.

VARIABLE TRANSMITTANCE OPTICAL FILTER AND USES THEREOF

Variable transmittance optical filters capable of transitioning from a light state to a dark state on exposure to UV radiation and from a dark state to a light state with application of an electric voltage are provided. The optical filters comprise a switching material that comprises one or more chromophores that have electrochromic and photochromic properties. 118.-. (canceled)19. An apparatus comprising:a switchable optical filter capable of transitioning between a light state and a dark state, wherein a light transmittance of the optical filter is greater in the light state than a light transmittance of the optical filter in the dark state, and wherein the optical filter comprises:first and second transparent substrates;first and second electrodes disposed on at least one of the first and second substrates; anda switching material disposed between the first and second substrates and in contact with the first and second electrodes,wherein a haze transmission of the optical filter is 10% or less.20. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the haze transmission of the optical filter is about 5% or less.21. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the optical filter has at least one intermediate state between the light state and the dark state claim 19 , wherein a light transmittance of the optical filter is:greater in the light state than in the at least one intermediate state; andlower in the dark state than in the at least one intermediate state, andwherein an optical clarity of the optical filter is constant for the light state, the a least one intermediate state, and the dark state.22. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein an optical clarity of the optical filter is constant for all states of the optical filter between the light state and the dark state.23. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the optical filter is capable of transitioning from the light state to the dark state in response to exposure to sunlight.24. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the optical filter is ...

ULTRATHIN, SOLUTION PHASE ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

An electrochromic device includes a chamber defined by a substantially transparent first substrate, a second substrate, and a sealing member; wherein: the first substrate comprises a first surface, and a second surface comprising a first substantially transparent, electrically conductive coating and disposed opposite to the first surface; the second substrate comprising a first surface comprising a second substantially transparent, electrically conductive coating, and a second surface disposed opposite to the first surface; the second surface of the first substrate and the first surface of the second substrate being located proximally to each other and having a substantially uniform spacing of distance, d, between them; and 0 μm Подробнее

FABRICATION OF LOW DEFECTIVITY ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition. 1. (canceled)2. A method of fabricating an electrochromic stack , the method comprising:depositing an electrochromic (EC) layer of the electrochromic stack;depositing metallic lithium onto the EC layer; anddepositing a counter electrode (CE) layer of the electrochromic stack using a CE target.3. (canceled)4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CE target is a ceramic target.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the CE target comprises lithium.6. (canceled)7. A method of fabricating an electrochromic stack claim 1 , the method comprising:depositing a first portion of an electrochromic (EC) layer of the electrochromic stack;depositing metallic lithium onto the first portion of the EC layer;depositing a second portion of the EC layer; anddepositing a counter electrode (CE) layer of the electrochromic stack.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the method includes only one operation of depositing metallic lithium.9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the EC layer is deposited in a EC station claim 7 , the metallic lithium is deposited in a lithiation station claim 7 , and the CE layer is deposited in a CE station.10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the EC station claim 9 , the lithiation station claim 9 , and the CE station are included ...

METHODS FOR PRODUCING LOWER ELECTRICAL ISOLATION IN ELECTROCHROMIC FILMS

The present invention provides for an electroactive device having a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer, and one or more electroactive layers sandwiched between the first and second conductive layers. One or more adjacent layers of the electroactive device may include a physical separation between a first portion and a second portion of the adjacent layers, the physical separation defining a respective tapered sidewall of each of the first and second portions. The one or more adjacent layers may include one of the first and second conductive layers. The remaining layers of the electroactive device may be formed over the physical separation of the one or more adjacent layers. The remaining layers may include the other of the first and second conductive layers. 1. An electroactive device formed by a process comprising the steps of:forming one or more electroactive layers on a substrate, wherein the electroactive layers comprise a first conductive layer and a first electrode layer;removing a portion of the one or more electroactive layers using a laser to define a gap in the one or more electroactive layers; andforming a second conductive layer and second electrode layer over the one or more electroactive layers and the gap, wherein the second conductive layer comprises a tapered sidewall formed by the laser and wherein the second electrode layer directly contacts either the first electrode layer or the first conductive layer, wherein the one or more electroactive layers is at least twice as thick as the second electrode layer.2. The electroactive device of claim 1 , wherein the laser has a pulse width of about 100 picoseconds or shorter.3. The electroactive device of claim 2 , wherein the pulse width of the laser is about 10 picoseconds or shorter.4. The electroactive device of claim 1 , wherein the gap has tapered sidewalls formed by the laser.5. The electroactive device of claim 4 , wherein the gap does not have melt spots along the tapered sidewalls.6 ...

ELECTROCHROMIC STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF FORMING SAME

An electrochromic structure includes: a substrate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a first conductive layer located on the first surface; a color changing functional layer located on a surface of the first conductive layer; a second conductive layer located on a surface of the color changing functional layer, where the second conductive layer is divided into a first isolation region and a first conductive region which are electrically isolated; a first electrode located in the first isolation region, where the first electrode penetrates the color changing functional layer and is electrically connected to the first conductive layer; a second electrode located on a surface of and electrically connected to the second conductive layer in the first conductive region; and a first light shielding layer for shielding the first isolation region. 1. An electrochromic structure , comprising:a substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface;a first conductive layer located on the first surface of the substrate;a color changing functional layer located on a surface of the first conductive layer;a second conductive layer located on a surface of the color changing functional layer, wherein the second conductive layer is divided into a first isolation region and a first conductive region electrically isolated from each other;a first electrode located in the first isolation region of the second conductive layer, wherein the first electrode penetrates through the color changing functional layer and is electrically connected to the first conductive layer;a second electrode located on a surface of the second conductive layer in the first conductive region, wherein the second electrode is electrically connected to the second conductive layer in the first conductive region; anda first light shielding layer for shielding the first isolation region.2. The electrochromic structure according to claim 1 , ...

APPARATUS TO MAINTAIN A CONTINUOUSLY GRADED TRANSMISSION STATE

An apparatus can include an electrochromic device. When using the apparatus, the electrochromic device can be switched from a first transmission state to a continuously graded state and maintained at continuously graded transmission state. An apparatus can include an active stack with a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, an anodic electrochemical layer between the first and the second transparent conductive layers, and a cathodic electrochemical layer between the first and the second transparent conductive layers. The apparatus can further include a first bus bar electrically coupled to the first transparent conductive layer, a second bus bar electrically coupled to the second transparent conductive layer, where the second bus bar is generally non-parallel to the first bus bar, and a third bus bar electrically coupled to the first transparent conductive layer, where the third bus bar is generally parallel to the first bus bar. 1. An apparatus comprising: a first transparent conductive layer;', 'a second transparent conductive layer;', 'an anodic electrochemical layer between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer; and', 'a cathodic electrochemical layer between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer;, 'an active stack, the active stack comprisinga first bus bar electrically coupled to the first transparent conductive layer;a second bus bar electrically coupled to the second transparent conductive layer, wherein the second bus bar is generally non-parallel to the first bus bar; anda third bus bar electrically coupled to the first transparent conductive layer, wherein the third bus bar is generally parallel to the first bus bar.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a fourth bus bar electrically coupled to the second transparent conductive layer claim 1 , wherein the fourth bus bar is generally parallel to the second bus bar.3. The ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES AND METHODS OF FORMING SAME

An electrochemical device is disclosed. The electrochemical device includes a first transparent conductive layer, an electrochromic layer overlying the first transparent conductive layer, a counter electrode layer overlying the electrochromic layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a switching speed parameter of not greater than 0.68 s/mm at 23° C. 1. An electrochemical device comprising:a first transparent conductive layer;a cathodic electrochemical layer overlying the first transparent conductive layer;an anodic electrochemical layer overlying the cathodic electrochemical layer; anda second transparent conductive layer; a first switching speed parameter of not greater than 0.68 s/mm at 23° C.;', 'a second switching speed parameter of not greater than 1.0 s/mm at −20° C.;', 'an impedance parameter of log|Z| of less than 1.5/log (ohm); or', 'a tinted transmission parameter of less than 8% at −20° C., 'wherein the electrochemical device comprises at least one of2. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the switching speed parameter is not greater than 0.4 s/mm at 23° C.3. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the switching speed parameter is not greater than 0.7 s/mm at −20° C.4. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the impedance parameter of log|Z| is less than 1/log (ohm).5. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , wherein the tinted transmission parameter is less than 3% at −20° C.6. The electrochemical device of claim 1 , further comprising a metallic oxide film between the cathodic electrochemical layer and the anodic electrochemical layer.7. The electrochemical device of claim 6 , wherein the metallic oxide film comprises lithium claim 6 , sodium claim 6 , hydrogen claim 6 , deuterium claim 6 , potassium claim 6 , calcium claim 6 , barium claim 6 , strontium claim 6 , magnesium claim 6 , oxidized lithium claim 6 , LiWO claim 6 , tungsten claim 6 , nickel claim 6 , lithium carbonate claim 6 , lithium hydroxide claim 6 , ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES ON NON-RECTANGULAR SHAPES

Bus bar configurations and fabrication methods for non-rectangular shaped (e.g., triangular, trapezoidal, circular, pentagonal, hexagonal, arched, etc.) optical devices. 1. An optically switchable window comprising:a non-rectangular optically switchable device comprising a first side, a second side, opposing the first side, and a third side adjacent the second side;a first bus bar spanning a first portion of and along the first side of the non-rectangular optically switchable device; anda second bus bar spanning a second portion of and along the second side of the non-rectangular optically switchable device, and spanning a third portion of and along the third side;wherein the first bus bar and the second bus bar are configured to apply voltage to the non-rectangular optically switchable device.2. (canceled)3. The optically switchable window of claim 1 , wherein the second portion and the third portion of the second bus bar are located along a right angle of the non-rectangular optically switchable device.4. The optically switchable window of claim 3 , wherein the second portion has a length equal to about 0.60 times the length of the second side claim 3 , and wherein the third portion has a length equal to about 0.60 times the length of the third side.5. The optically switchable window of claim 3 ,wherein the second portion has a length that is between 0.40 and 0.80 times the length of the second side, andwherein the third portion has a length that is between 0.40 and 0.80 times the length of the third side.6. The optically switchable window of claim 3 ,wherein the second portion has a length that is between 0.50 and 0.70 times the length of the second side, andwherein the third portion has a length that is between 0.50 and 0.70 times the length of the third side.7. The optically switchable window of claim 3 ,wherein the second portion has a length of about the length of the second side, andwherein the third portion has a length that is between 0.03 and 0.40 times ...

BALANCED HEATING OF ELECTRO-OPTIC DEVICE USING ACTIVE ELECTRODES

A system for heating electro-optic media comprises an electro-optic device comprising: a first substrate having first and second surfaces; a second substrate having third and fourth surfaces; a chamber defined between the opposed third surface of the second substrate and the second surface of the first substrate; electro-optic medium in chamber; a first electrode associated with second surface of first substrate; and a second electrode associated with third surface of second substrate; and a circuit in communication with first and second electrodes, comprising: a first EMF source capable of producing a first voltage; a second EMF source capable of producing a second voltage different from the first voltage; a plurality of switches configured to control the application of first and second voltages to the first and second electrodes; and a controller configured to control the switches, the first EMF source, and the second EMF source. 1. A system for heating electro-optic media comprising: a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface;', 'a second substrate having a third surface and a fourth surface;', 'a chamber defined between opposed second surface of first substrate and third surface of second substrate;', 'an electro-optic medium disposed within the chamber;', 'a first thin film electrode associated with the second surface of the first substrate; and', 'a second thin film electrode associated with the third surface of the second substrate; and, 'an electro-optic (EO) device comprising a first EMF source capable of producing a first voltage;', 'a second EMF source capable of producing a second voltage different from the first voltage;', 'a first busbar electrode associated with the first thin film electrode;', 'a second busbar electrode associated with the first thin film electrode;', 'a third busbar electrode associated with the second thin film electrode;', 'a fourth busbar electrode associated with the second thin film electrode;', 'a plurality ...

CONNECTORS FOR SMART WINDOWS

This disclosure provides connectors for smart windows. A smart window may incorporate an optically switchable pane. In one aspect, a window unit includes an insulated glass unit including an optically switchable pane. A wire assembly may be attached to the edge of the insulated glass unit and may include wires in electrical communication with electrodes of the optically switchable pane. A floating connector may be attached to a distal end of the wire assembly. The floating connector may include a flange and a nose, with two holes in the flange for affixing the floating connector to a first frame. The nose may include a terminal face that present two exposed contacts of opposite polarity. Pre-wired spacers improve fabrication efficiency and seal integrity of insulated glass units. Electrical connection systems include those embedded in the secondary seal of the insulated glass unit. 183-. (canceled)84. A window unit comprising:an electrochromic pane comprising a transparent substrate with an electrochromic device thereon and bus bars in electrical communication with conductive layers of the electrochromic device;a second pane; anda memory and/or circuit device storing information about the electrochromic pane, wherein the memory and/or circuit device is part of a wiring assembly configured to establish electrical connection between a controller and the bus bars.85. The window unit of claim 84 , wherein the memory and/or circuit device is physically separate from the controller and the controller is configured to communicate with the memory and/or circuit device and deliver power for optical transitions of the electrochromic device via the wiring assembly.86. The window unit of claim 85 , wherein the wiring assembly includes a first connector at a distal end claim 85 , the first connector configured to mate with and establish electrical communication with a second connector in electrical communication with the controller.87. The window unit of claim 86 , wherein the ...

Fabrication of electrochromic devices

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used. 1. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device , the method comprising:(a) forming a first layer of the electrochromic device on a substrate;(b) after (a), performing a first particle removal operation to remove particles from a surface of the substrate;(c) after (b), forming a second layer of the electrochromic device;(d) after (c), performing a second particle removal operation on the surface of the substrate; and(e) after (d), completing fabrication of the electrochromic device.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second particle removal operations comprises contact cleaning the substrate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the contact cleaning uses static attraction and/or adhesion to remove the particles.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the contact cleaning comprises contacting the substrate with at least one roller claim 2 , strip claim 2 , or brush.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second particle removal operations comprises applying acoustic energy to the substrate.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the acoustic energy ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

The embodiments relate to an electrochromic device having excellent elongation and tensile strength while achieving an excellent light transmission variable function based on the electrochromic principle. The electrochromic device comprises a light transmission variable structure interposed between a first base layer and a second base layer, wherein the light transmission variable structure comprises a first chromic layer and a second chromic layer, an electrolyte layer is interposed between the first chromic layer and the second chromic layer, and the elongation is 60% to 170%.

INTERIOR MIRROR ASSEMBLY WITH DISPLAY

An electro-optic mirror reflective element for a rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a front substrate and a rear substrate with an electro-optic medium disposed therebetween. A display element is disposed at the front substrate and includes a transparent organic light emitting diode display. With the electro-optic mirror reflective element disposed at a rearview mirror assembly at the vehicle and when the display element is activated, information displayed by the display element is viewable by a driver of the vehicle. With the electro-optic mirror reflective element disposed at the rearview mirror assembly at the vehicle and when the display element is not activated, the driver views reflected images of the scene rearward of the vehicle as reflected off a specularly reflective mirror reflector disposed at a surface of the rear substrate. 1. An electro-optic mirror reflective element for a rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle , said electro-optic reflective element comprising:a front substrate having a first surface and a second surface opposite said first surface;a rear substrate having a third surface and a fourth surface opposite said third surface;wherein said second surface of said front substrate and said third surface of said rear substrate oppose each other and are spaced apart, and wherein an electro-optic medium is disposed between said second surface of said front substrate and said third surface of said rear substrate;a transparent electrically conductive coating established at said second surface of said front substrate;a specularly reflective mirror reflector established at said third surface of said rear substrate;a display element disposed at said front substrate, wherein said display element comprises a transparent organic light emitting diode display;wherein, with said electro-optic mirror reflective element disposed at a rearview mirror assembly at a vehicle and when said display element is activated, information displayed by said ...

Electrochromic device having three-dimensional electrode

An electrochromic device comprises (i) a conductive layer, (ii) an electrochromic material, on the conductive layer, (iii) an electrolyte, on the electrochromic material, and (iv) a counter-electrode, on the electrolyte. The conductive layer has a surface roughness factor (SRF) of at least 10, and the conductive layer comprises a semi-metal.

Electrochromic device and smart window provided with electrochromic device

An electrochromic device having excellent repetitive characteristics is realized. An electrochromic device includes a first transparent electrode arranged on a first substrate, a second transparent electrode arranged on a second substrate, and a nanocrystal layer arranged on the first transparent electrode. An electrolyte is interposed between the nanocrystal layer and the second transparent electrode. The first transparent electrode, the second transparent electrode, and the nanocrystal layer do not cause an oxidation-reduction reaction when a voltage is applied to modulate a transmission spectrum, and do not include an electrode that causes modulation of a transmission spectrum by an oxidation-reduction reaction when a voltage is applied.

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

An electrochromic element which suppresses ripples in a color-reduction state and with which good visible light transmittance can be obtained is provided. An electrochromic element includes: a transparent electrolyte layer ; a pair of solid electrochromic layers which sandwiches the transparent electrolyte layer and is constituted by a pair of a reduction coloring-type solid electrochromic layer and an oxidation coloring-type solid electrochromic layer opposing each other, and a pair of transparent conductive films , where in the thickness and refractive indexe with respect to light at a wavelength of 550 nm about the transparent electrolyte layer , the reduction coloring-type solid electrochromic layer and the oxidation coloring-type solid electrochromic layer , those values are provided so as to satisfy predetermined relations to suppress the ripples. 1. An electrochromic element comprising:a transparent electrolyte layer;a pair of solid electrochromic layers which sandwiches the transparent electrolyte layer, the pair of solid electrochromic layers being constituted by a pair of a reduction coloring-type solid electrochromic layer and an oxidation coloring-type solid electrochromic layer;a pair of transparent conductive films which further sandwiches the pair of solid electrochromic layers, andtransparent support substrates which respectively support the pair of transparent conductive films, whereinthe pair of solid electrochromic layers is constituted by a reduction coloring-type solid electrochromic layer and an oxidation coloring-type solid electrochromic layer opposing each other, and wherein the electrochromic element satisfies:n0 is different from either of n1 and n2,d0 is 5 μm or more, and d0 is a thickness of the transparent electrolyte layer,', 'n0 is a refractive index of the transparent electrolyte layer with respect to light at a wavelength of 550 nm,', 'd1 is a thickness of the reduction coloring-type solid electrochromic layer,', 'n1 is a refractive ...

Laser ablated surface having indicia

A product includes a substrate that is at least partially transparent to visible light. The substrate includes a first surface, an opposing second surface, and a conductive layer disposed on the opposing second surface. The conductive layer has a first ablated area and a second ablated area entirely disposed within and overlapping a portion of the first ablated area. The second ablated area includes a selectively visible indicia.

Electrodeposition element and mirror device

An electrodeposition element is provided which includes a first substrate including a first member and an electrode arranged above the first member, a second substrate arranged opposite to the first substrate and including an electrode, and an electrolyte layer arranged between the electrodes of the first substrate and the second substrate, and including an electrodeposition material that contains silver. When a voltage is applied between the electrodes of the first substrate and the second substrate such that the first substrate side is negative and the second substrate side is positive, a reflective surface made of a silver thin film and reflecting light, which is incident from a direction normal to the first and second substrates, in a direction not parallel to the incident direction of the light is formed above the electrode of the first substrate.

COUNTER ELECTRODE MATERIAL FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Various embodiments herein relate to electrochromic devices, methods of fabricating electrochromic devices, and apparatus for fabricating electrochromic devices. In a number of cases, the electrochromic device may be fabricated to include a particular counter electrode material. The counter electrode material may include a base anodically coloring material. The counter electrode material may further include one or more halogens. The counter electrode material may also include one or more additives. 128-. (canceled)29. An integrated deposition system for fabricating an electrochromic device stack , the integrated deposition system comprising:a plurality of deposition stations aligned in series and interconnected and operable to pass a substrate from one station to the next without exposing the substrate to an external environment, wherein the plurality of deposition stations comprises(i) a first deposition station containing a first one or more material sources for depositing a cathodically coloring layer; wherein the second one or more material sources for depositing the anodically coloring layer comprise at least a first metal and a halogen, the second one or more material sources for depositing the anodically coloring layer optionally comprising one or more-additives,', 'wherein the first metal is selected from the group consisting of—chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), rhodium (Rh), and iridium (Ir), ruthenium (Ru), vanadium (V), and combinations thereof, and', 'wherein the optional one or more additives are selected from the group consisting of silver (Ag), arsenic (As), gold (Au), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), cesium (Cs), copper (Cu), europium (Eu), gallium (Ga), gadolinium (Gd), germanium (Ge), mercury (Hg), osmium (Os), lead (Pb), palladium (Pd), promethium (Pm), polonium (Po), platinum (Pt), radium (Ra), rubidium (Rb), terbium (Tb), technetium (Tc), thorium (Th), thallium (Tl), tungsten (W), and combinations thereof; and, '(ii) a ...

Electrochromic devices

The present disclosure relates to electrochromic devices including an electrochromic material having one or more optical properties that may be changed upon application of an electric potential. In one exemplary electrochromic device, a first layer includes at least one electrode, a second layer provides a tunneling dielectric channel, a third layer includes an electrochromic material, a fourth layer is electrically insulative, and a fifth layer includes at least one electrode. Upon provision of an electric potential above a threshold where electron tunneling may occur in the second layer, electrons may be passed to or from the electrochromic material through the second layer resulting in a change to the one or more optical properties of the electrochromic material. An opposite electric potential may be provided to reverse the change in the one or more optical properties.

FABRICATION OF LOW DEFECTIVITY ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition. 143-. (canceled)44. An electrochromic device comprising:a substrate;an electrochromic layer disposed on or over the substrate, said electrochromic layer comprising a cathodically tinting electrochromic material; and (a) a first sublayer comprising a first anodically tinting material, and', '(b) a second sublayer comprising a second anodically tinting material,, 'a counter electrode layer also disposed on or over the substrate, said counter electrode layer comprising'}wherein compositions of the first and second anodically tinting materials are different.45. The electrochromic device of claim 44 , wherein the compositions of the first and second anodically tinting materials are graded.46. The electrochromic device of claim 44 , wherein the electrochromic layer comprises tungsten-containing material.47. The electrochromic device of claim 46 , wherein the electrochromic layer comprises tungsten oxide.48. The electrochromic device of claim 47 , wherein the electrochromic layer is doped with one or more dopants selected from the group consisting of lithium claim 47 , sodium claim 47 , potassium claim 47 , molybdenum claim 47 , vanadium claim 47 , titanium claim 47 , and combinations thereof.49. The electrochromic device of claim ...

ELECTRON MIRROR APPARATUS

An electronic mirror apparatus includes a display unit to display the image taken by an imaging unit mounted on a vehicle, a light control filter disposed at a side of the display unit nearer to a driver's seat, and a controller. The light control filter shifts between the light reflection state to reflect light and the light transmission state to transmit light in response to a state of voltage applied to the light control filter. The controller causes the display unit to display an image when the light control filter is in the light transmission state or in the period of transition from the light reflection state to the light transmission state. The controller performs control such that at least part of the image displayed on the display unit is brighter when the light control filter is in the period of transition than is in the light transmission state. 1. An electronic mirror apparatus comprising:a display unit configured to display an image taken by an imaging unit mounted on a vehicle;a light control filter disposed at a side of the display unit nearer to a driver's seat, the light control filter shifting between a light reflection state to reflect light and a light transmission state to transmit light in response to a state of voltage applied to the light control filter; anda controller configured to control the display unit and the light control filter,whereinthe controller causes the display unit to display the image when the light control filter is in the light transmission state or in a period of transition from the light reflection state to the light transmission state, andthe controller performs control such that at least part of the image displayed on the display unit is brighter when the light control filter is in the period of transition than is in the light transmission state.2. The electronic mirror apparatus according to claim 1 , whereinthe controller performs the control until a predetermined point of time and then gradually changes brightness ...

Systems and methods for active photonic devices using correlated perovskites

Active photonic devices based on correlated perovskites are disclosed. Systems and methods using such active photonic devices are also disclosed. In one example, a smart window including an active photonic device is disclosed. In another example, a variable emissivity coating including an active photonic device is disclosed. In yet another example, an optical memory device including an active photonic device is disclosed. In a further example, an optical modulator including an active photonic device is disclosed. In an additional example, a tunable optical filter including an active photonic device is disclosed. In an additional example, a directional optical coupler including an active photonic device is disclosed.

ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE, DISPLAY APPARATUS, METHOD OF CONTROLLING COLOR TEMPERATURE OF LIGHT EMITTED FROMORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE, AND METHOD OF FABRICATING ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE

The present application discloses an organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device includes a first electrode; an organic layer an the first electrode, the organic layer having an organic light emitting layer; a second electrode on a side of the organic layer distal to the first electrode; an electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the organic layer; and a third electrode between the electrochromic layer and the organic layer. 1. An organic light emitting device , comprising:a first electrode;an organic layer on the first electrode, the organic layer comprising an organic light emitting layer;a second electrode on a side of the organic layer distal to the first electrode;an electrochromic layer between the first electrode and the organic layer; anda third electrode between the electrochromic layer and the organic layer.2. The organic light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein a refractive index of the electrochromic layer is tunable.3. The organic light emitting device of claim 1 , comprising a first microcavity in a first region corresponding to the third electrode; anda second microcavity in a second region, the second region corresponding to the first electrode and outside the first region;wherein a refractive index of the first microcavity is tunable.4. The organic light emitting device of claim 3 , wherein an effective optical distance of the first microcavity is adjustable by adjusting an electrical potential difference between the first electrode and the third electrode.5. The organic light emitting device of claim 3 , wherein the third electrode is formed substantially in the first region claim 3 , the first electrode is formed substantially in the first region and the second region.6. The organic light emitting device of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode comprising a metallic material claim 1 , the second electrode and the third electrode are substantially transparent electrodes.7. The organic light emitting device of ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE CONTAINING COLOR-TUNABLE NANOSTRUCTURES

An electrochromic device and method, the device including: a first transparent conductor layer; a working electrode disposed on the first transparent conductor layer and including nanostructures; a counter electrode; a solid state electrolyte layer disposed between the counter electrode and the working electrode; and a second transparent conductor layer disposed on the counter electrode. The nanostructures may include transition metal oxide nanoparticles and/or nanocrystals configured to tune the color of the device by selectively modulating the transmittance of near-infrared (NIR) and visible radiation as a function of an applied voltage to the device. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:a first transparent conductor layer;a working electrode disposed on the first transparent conductor layer and comprising nanostructures, the nanostructures comprising at least about 40 wt. % of amorphous niobium oxide nanoparticles and about 60 wt. % or less of tungsten oxide nanoparticles having a cubic crystal lattice structure, based on the total weight of the nanostructures;a counter electrode;a solid state electrolyte layer disposed between the counter electrode and the working electrode; anda second transparent conductor layer disposed on the counter electrode.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein:the nanostructures comprise from about 40 to about 80 wt. % of the amorphous niobium oxide nanoparticles and from about 60 to about 20 wt. % of the tungsten oxide nanoparticles, based on the total weight of the nanostructures; andthe tungsten oxide nanoparticles are doped with cesium and have a cubic crystal lattice structure.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the working electrode comprises:from about 35 to about 25 wt. % of the cesium doped tungsten oxide nanoparticles; andfrom about 65 to about 75 wt. % of the amorphous niobium oxide nanoparticles.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein:the amorphous niobium oxide nanoparticles have an ...

Cover plate, method for preparing the same, and display device

The present disclosure provides a cover plate, a method for preparing the same, and a display device. The cover plate provided by the present disclosure is applied to a display device. The cover plate includes two main surfaces that are arranged opposite to each other and a side surface connecting the two main surfaces, in which a groove is formed in the side surface, and a chromogenic material layer and a chromogenic control structure for controlling the chromogenic material layer are arranged in the groove.

SWITCHABLE ELEMENT

A switchable element, a device and a method for analogue and programmable computing operating on electromagnetic waves having a frequency, wherein the switchable element is configured to configured to, in response to an activation signal, switch from having a first dielectric permittivity for electromagnetic waves having a frequency to having a second dielectric permittivity for electromagnetic waves having the frequency, and the device comprises a plurality of the switchable elements that are adapted to be switched individually in accordance with the computing operation. 1. A switchable element , comprising:a switchable layer configured to, in response to an activation signal, switch from having a first dielectric permittivity for electromagnetic waves having a frequency to having a second dielectric permittivity for the electromagnetic waves having the frequency.2. The switchable element according to claim 1 , wherein the switchable layer comprises a liquid crystal layer or a ferroelectrics layer having a variable dielectric permittivity birefringence which is tunable by a tuning voltage.3. The switchable element according to claim 1 , wherein the switchable layer comprises an electro-chromic layer having a variable dielectric permittivity which is tunable by a tuning voltage in the range.4. The switchable element according to claim 1 , wherein the switchable element comprises the switchable layer and at least one layer of dielectric material claim 1 , wherein the switchable layer is configured to having the first dielectric permittivity in a conductive state of the switchable layer claim 1 , and to having the second dielectric permittivity in a non-conductive state of the switchable layer claim 1 , wherein the switchable element comprises at least one contact configured to having contact with the switchable layer.5. The switchable element according to claim 4 , wherein the at least one layer of dielectric material is configured with a via claim 4 , wherein the at ...

THIN-FILM DEVICES AND FABRICATION

Thin-film devices, for example electrochromic devices for windows, and methods of manufacturing are described. Particular focus is given to methods of patterning optical devices. Various edge deletion and isolation scribes are performed, for example, to ensure the optical device has appropriate isolation from any edge defects. Methods described herein apply to any thin-film device having one or more material layers sandwiched between two thin film electrical conductor layers. The described methods create novel optical device configurations. 122.- (canceled)23. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device , the method comprising:a. receiving a glass substrate with a first transparent conductor layer covering a work surface of the glass substrate;b. removing a portion of the first transparent conductor layer from the glass substrate about a periphery of the glass substrate;c. depositing an electrochromic device stack over the first transparent conductor layer and covering substantially the entire work surface of the glass substrate;d. depositing a second transparent conductor layer over the electrochromic device stack and covering substantially the entire work surface of the glass substrate;e. removing a portion of the second transparent conductor layer from the entire periphery of the glass substrate; andf. depositing a vapor barrier over the second transparent conductor layer and covering substantially the entire work surface of the glass substrate.24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the glass substrate is rectangular.25. The method of claim 24 , wherein b. comprises removing the first transparent conductor layer from three edges of the glass substrate.26. The method of claim 25 , wherein e. comprises removing the second transparent conductor layer from all four edges of the glass substrate claim 25 , but not removing any of the electrochromic device stack.27. The method of claim 26 , further comprising removing the vapor barrier from all four edges of the ...

COLOR CHANGEABLE PLASTIC

A color changeable plastic, the color change rate of which increases when a voltage is applied, is applicable to various structures by a spray coating method. The color changeable plastic includes a first electrode layer having conductivity; a color changeable layer disposed on the first electrode layer to cover an upper surface and a side surface of the first electrode layer, and including a material whose color changes depending on whether a voltage is applied; and a second electrode layer having conductivity, and disposed on the color changeable layer to cover an upper surface and a side surface of the color changeable layer. 1. A color changeable plastic , comprising:a first electrode layer having conductivity;a color changeable layer disposed on the first electrode layer to cover an upper surface and a side surface of the first electrode layer, and including a material whose color changes depending on whether a voltage is applied; anda second electrode layer having conductivity, and disposed on the color changeable layer to cover an upper surface and a side surface of the color changeable layer,wherein contact surfaces of the color changeable layer with the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer extend along upper, lower, and side surfaces of the color changeable layer, so that a color change rate is increased when a voltage is applied.2. The color changeable plastic of claim 1 , wherein each of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer includes a composite of silver nanowire and polystyrene sulfonate.3. The color changeable plastic of claim 2 , wherein each of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer comprises divinyl sulfone (DVS) claim 2 , as a cross-linking agent claim 2 , added to the composite.4. The color changeable plastic of claim 1 , wherein the color changeable layer includes octa-hexyl viologen substituted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OHV-POSS).5. The color changeable plastic of claim 1 , wherein ...

FABRICATION OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used. 1. (canceled)2. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device , the method comprising , in the following order:(a) depositing a first layer on a substrate in an electrochromic device fabrication sequence;(b) performing a particle removal operation to remove particles from the surface of the substrate upon which the first layer was deposited in (a) and/or from the first layer; and(c) depositing a second layer on top of the first layer.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the particle removal operation comprises contact cleaning the substrate.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the contact cleaning uses static attraction and/or adhesion.5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the contact cleaning comprises contacting the substrate with at least one roller claim 3 , strip claim 3 , or brush.6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the particle removal operation comprises applying acoustic energy to the substrate.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the acoustic energy is ultrasonic claim 6 , supersonic claim 6 , or megasonic.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the acoustic energy is ultrasonic.9. The method ...

Method of Forming a Top Plane Connection in an Electro-Optic Device

An electrical connection between the backplane and the light-transmissive front electrode of an electro-optic display is provided by forming an aperture through the top front electrode coupled and a substrate coupled thereto and subsequently introducing a flowable, electrically-conductive material into the aperture. The flowable, electrically-conductive material provides an electrical contact between the light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer and the backplane. 1. A process for the production of an electro-optic device , the process comprising:providing a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer coupled to a top light-transmissive substrate;providing a backplane comprising a plurality of electrodes;forming an aperture through the light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer and the top light-transmissive substrate; andintroducing a flowable, electrically-conductive material into the aperture, the flowable, electrically-conductive material being in electrical contact with the light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer, extending through the top light-transmissive substrate, and making an electrical connection between the light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer and an electrode of the backplane.2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein forming an aperture is effected by laser cutting.3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the flowable claim 1 , electrically-conductive material comprises a conductive adhesive or a conductive ink.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the backplane comprises an array of pixel electrodes and an arrangement of conductors to connect the pixel electrodes to drive circuitry.5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the electro-optic device is an electro-wetting device.6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the backplane is flexible.7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the backplane is prepared by printing the pixel electrodes and conductors on a flexible substrate. ...

ELECTROCHROMIC MULTI-LAYER DEVICES WITH CURRENT MODULATING STRUCTURE

A multi-layer device comprising a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer on a surface thereof, and a first current modulating layer, the first electrically conductive layer having a sheet resistance to the flow of electrical current through the first electrically conductive layer that varies as a function of position. 1a first substrate;a first electrically conductive layer;a first current modulating structure;a first electrode layer;a second electrically conductive layer; and{'sub': 'S', 'a second substrate, the first current modulating structure being between the first electrically conductive layer and the first electrode layer, the first electrically conductive layer having a sheet resistance, R, to the flow of electrical current through the first electrically conductive layer that varies as a function of position in the first electrically conductive layer.'}. An electrochromic device comprising: The present invention generally relates to switchable electrochromic devices, such as architectural windows, capable of coordinated switching over substantially their entire area or a selected subregion of their entire area. More particularly, and in one preferred embodiment, the present invention is directed to switchable electrochromic multi-layer devices, particularly large area rectangular windows for architectural applications that switch in a spatially coordinated manner over substantially their entire area or a selected subregion of their entire area; optionally these are of non-uniform shape, optionally they switch synchronously, i.e., uniformly, over substantially their entire area or a selected subregion of their entire area, or in a coordinated but nonsynchronous manner (e.g., from side-to-side, or top-to-bottom) from a first optical state, e.g., a transparent state, to a second optical state, e.g., a reflective or colored state.Commercial switchable glazing devices are well known for use as mirrors in motor vehicles, automotive windows, ...

PINHOLE MITIGATION FOR OPTICAL DEVICES

Methods, apparatus, and systems for mitigating pinhole defects in optical devices such as electrochromic windows. One method mitigates a pinhole defect in an electrochromic device by identifying the site of the pinhole defect and obscuring the pinhole to make it less visually discernible. In some cases, the pinhole defect may be the result of mitigating a short-related defect. 1. A method of mitigating a pinhole defect , the method comprising:a. providing an electrochromic lite having an electrochromic device on a substrate;b. identifying a site of the pinhole defect in the electrochromic device; andc. altering the site of the pinhole defect in order to lower the light transmittance at the site of the pinhole defect.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein c. comprises applying a material to the site of the pinhole defect claim 1 , wherein the material has a lower transmittance than the substrate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the material is applied via an ink jet dispenser.412-. (canceled)13. The method of claim 2 , wherein the material applied has an opacity of about 50% of the maximum transmittance of the electrochromic device.14. The method of claim 2 , wherein the material applied has a color selected from a group consisting of white claim 2 , black claim 2 , gray claim 2 , green claim 2 , brown and blue.15. The method of claim 2 , wherein the material applied comprises light scattering particles.1617-. (canceled)18. The method of claim 2 , wherein the material applied comprises a thermochromic material.19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the thermochromic material includes at least one of a leuco dye claim 18 , an ink claim 18 , a paint claim 18 , a polymer and a metal oxide.20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the metal oxide includes at least one of titanium dioxide claim 19 , zinc oxide or vanadium oxide.21. A method of claim 1 , wherein identifying the non-tinting area of the pinhole defect comprisesidentifying coordinates of a short-related defect, ...

ENERGY-EFFICIENT INTEGRATED LIGHTING, DAYLIGHTING, AND HVAC WITH ELECTROCHROMIC GLASS

Methods for integrated room management in a building management system and corresponding systems and computer-readable mediums. A method includes determining () a solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) for a room () in a building and determining () predicted open-loop room () temperatures at a plurality of time intervals based on the SHGC and a plurality of electrochromic glass (ECG) () tint levels. The method includes determining () illumination heat and illumination energy for the room () and determining () climate energy for the room (400). The method includes determining () a total room energy at each of the time intervals as a function of the ECG () tint levels based on the climate energy, illumination energy, and predicted open-loop room temperatures. The method includes determining () an optimal ECG () tint level that minimizes the total room energy at each of the time intervals and controlling () the ECG () tint levels according to the optimal ECG tint level. 1. A method for integrated room management in a building management system , the method performed by a data processing system and comprising:determining a solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) for a room in a building at a plurality of time intervals;determining predicted open-loop room temperatures for the room at the plurality of time intervals based on the SHGC and a plurality of electrochromic glass (ECG) tint levels;determining illumination heat and illumination energy for the room at each ECG tint level and at each time interval, based on a measured solar illumination level for each ECG tint level, artificial lighting energy consumed, and artificial lighting heat produced to bring the room to a predetermined illumination level;determining climate energy, at each of the time intervals, required to maintain the room at a predetermined temperature based on the predicted open-loop room temperatures and the illumination heat at each of the time intervals;determining a total room energy at each of the time ...

APPARATUS FOR OPERATING A NON-LIGHT-EMITTING VARIABLE TRANSMISSION DEVICE AND A METHOD OF USING THE SAME

A method can be used to control the operation of one or more non-light-emitting, variable transmission devices. In an embodiment, a method of operating a plurality of non-light-emitting, variable transmission devices can include receiving requests for requested visible transmittance for the non-light-emitting, variable transmission devices; determining operating parameters for the non-light-emitting, variable transmission devices; and operating the non-light-emitting, variable transmission devices at the operating parameters, wherein the operating parameters for the non-light-emitting, variable transmission devices are different. In another aspect, the method can include operating the non-light-emitting, variable transmission device at a first operating parameter for a time period, wherein the operating parameter corresponds to an intermediate visible transmittance; generating a characterization parameter based at least part on the voltage and current measurements that are obtained during the time period; and controlling the non-light-emitting, variable transmission device period based at least in part on the characterization parameter. 1. An apparatus for operating a non-light-emitting , variable transmission device , the apparatus being configured to:operate the non-light-emitting, variable transmission device at a first operating parameter for a first time period, wherein the first operating parameter corresponds to a first intermediate visible transmittance;generate a characterization parameter based at least part on voltage and current measurements that are obtained during the first time period; andcontrol the non-light-emitting, variable transmission device for a second time period based at least in part on the characterization parameter.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is further configured to:measure an applied voltage and a current for the non-light-emitting, variable transmission device during the first time period.3. The apparatus of ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES AND METHOD FOR FORMING SUCH DEVICES

An electrochromic device is disclosed which has a plurality of layers, including at least one planarizing layer having an upper surface roughness which is less than or equal to half of the upper surface roughness of an underlying layer in contact with a lower surface of the at least one planarizing layer, wherein at least valleys of the underlying layer are filled by the lower surface of the at least one planarizing layer. A method for fabricating the electrochromic device is also disclosed. 1. An electrochromic device comprising a plurality of layers , including at least one planarizing layer having an upper surface roughness which is less than or equal to half of the upper surface roughness of an underlying layer in contact with a lower surface of the at least one planarizing layer , wherein at least valleys of the underlying layer are filled by the lower surface of the at least one planarizing layer.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , comprising:at least one substrate;a lower transparent conductor layer;a first electrochromic layer;an ion conductor layer;a second electrochromic layer; andan upper transparent conductor layer,wherein: (a) the first electrochromic layer is a primary electrochromic layer and the second electrochromic layer is a secondary electrochromic layer, or (b) the first electrochromic layer is the secondary electrochromic layer and the second electrochromic layer is the primary electrochromic layer.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the secondary electrochromic layer comprises a composition represented by the formula LiNiM1M2O claim 2 , where M1 and M2 are different elements and are selected from the group consisting of B claim 2 , Mn claim 2 , Ti claim 2 , Co claim 2 , Zr claim 2 , Al claim 2 , P claim 2 , Si claim 2 , Ru claim 2 , Ta claim 2 , Nb claim 2 , Mo claim 2 , W claim 2 , Ir claim 2 , V claim 2 , Cr claim 2 , N claim 2 , and combinations thereof claim 2 , where a is from 1 to 5; x is from 0 to 1; y is from 0 to 1 ...

ELECTROCHROMIC NANOPARTICLES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

The present invention relates to electrochromic nanoparticles having a core-shell structure, and a method for producing the same. In order to achieve the above or other objectives, an aspect of the present invention provides a method for producing electrochromic nanoparticles having a core-shell structure, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a core having a predetermined particle diameter; and adsorbing different types of electrochromic materials on the surface of the core, wherein the electrochromic materials have different absorption spectra. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide electrochromic nanoparticles having excellent shielding ability against visible rays and a method for producing the same. 1. A method for producing electrochromic nanoparticles having a core-shell structure , the method comprising the steps of: preparing a core having a predetermined particle diameter; and adsorbing different types of electrochromic materials on the surface of the core , wherein the electrochromic materials have different absorption spectra.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of coating a predetermined substrate with the core before adsorbing the electrochromic materials on the surface of the core claim 1 , wherein the adsorbing of the electrochromic materials adsorbs the electrochromic materials on the surface of the core coated on the predetermined substrate.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the electrochromic materials comprise a first electrochromic material having a maximum absorption wavelength of 450 nm to 510 nm claim 2 , a second electrochromic material having a maximum absorption wavelength of 520 nm to 580 nm claim 2 , and a third electrochromic material having a maximum absorption wavelength of 590 nm to 650 nm.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the adsorbing of the electrochromic materials comprises the step of immersing the substrate coated with the core in a mixed solution of the first to third ...

REARVIEW ASSEMBLY

A rearview assembly having an electro-optic element. A front substrate defines a first surface and a second surface. A front side edge is disposed between the first surface and the second surface. A rear substrate is operably coupled with the front substrate and spaced a predetermined distance therefrom. The rear substrate defines a third surface and a fourth surface. A rear side edge is disposed between the third surface and the fourth surface. A perimeter of the rear substrate is larger than a perimeter of the front substrate, such that an outer portion of the third surface is exposed, thereby defining a peripheral step between the front side edge and the rear side edge. An electro-optic material is disposed between the front substrate and the rear substrate. A bezel is configured to extend around the rear substrate, over the outer portion of the third surface. 1. A rearview assembly comprising: a front substrate defining a first surface and a second surface and a front side edge disposed between the first surface and the second surface;', 'a rear substrate operably coupled with the front substrate and spaced a predetermined distance therefrom, the rear substrate defining a third surface and a fourth surface and a rear side edge disposed between the third surface and the fourth surface, wherein a perimeter of the rear substrate is larger than a perimeter of the front substrate, such that an outer portion of the third surface is exposed, thereby defining a peripheral step between the front side edge and the rear side edge; and', 'an electro-optic material disposed between the front substrate and the rear substrate; and, 'an electro-optic element includinga bezel configured to extend around the rear substrate, over the outer portion of the third surface.2. The rearview assembly of claim 1 , wherein the bezel includes a substantially flat front wall that is generally coplanar with the first surface of the front substrate.3. The rearview assembly of claim 1 , wherein ...

DISPLAY MIRROR ASSEMBLY

A display mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a front shield having a first side and a second side. A partially reflective, partially transmissive element is mounted on the first side. A rear shield is disposed behind the front shield. A display module is mounted between the front shield and the rear shield and includes in order from the front shield: a display; an optic block; a heat sink having an edge lit PCB mounted along a top edge thereof; and a PCB. The front shield is secured to at least one component of the display module with a first retaining feature and the rear shield is secured to at least one component of the display module with a second retaining feature. A housing at least partially surrounds the partially reflective, partially transmissive element, the front shield, carrier plate, display module, and rear shield. 1. A display mirror assembly for a vehicle , comprising:a front shield having a first side and a second side, wherein a partially reflective, partially transmissive element is mounted on the first side;a rear shield disposed behind the front shield;a carrier plate disposed between the front shield and the rear shield; a display;', 'an optic block disposed behind the display;', 'a heat sink proximate to the optic block and having an edge lit PCB mounted along a top edge thereof; and', 'a PCB, wherein the front shield is secured to at least one component of the display module with a first retaining feature and the rear shield is secured to at least one component of the display module with a second retaining feature; and, 'a display module mounted between the front shield and the rear shield and includinga housing which at least partially surrounds the partially reflective, partially transmissive element, the front shield, carrier plate, display module, and rear shield.2. The display mirror assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first retaining feature operatively engages the front shield with the optic block claim 1 , and wherein the second ...

Fabrication of low defectivity electrochromic devices

Prior electrochromic devices frequently suffer from high levels of defectivity. The defects may be manifest as pin holes or spots where the electrochromic transition is impaired. This is unacceptable for many applications such as electrochromic architectural glass. Improved electrochromic devices with low defectivity can be fabricated by depositing certain layered components of the electrochromic device in a single integrated deposition system. While these layers are being deposited and/or treated on a substrate, for example a glass window, the substrate never leaves a controlled ambient environment, for example a low pressure controlled atmosphere having very low levels of particles. These layers may be deposited using physical vapor deposition.

NON-LIGHT-EMITTING VARIABLE TRANSMISSION DEVICE AND A METHOD OF FORMING THE SAME

A non-light-emitting variable transmission device can include an active stack; a transparent conductive layer overlying the active stack; an antireflective layer overlying the transparent conductive layer and defining a hole; and a bus bar comprising a conductive tape that extends into the hole and contacts the transparent conductive layer. Proper selection of materials and design of a bus bar can allow an electrical connection to be made to the transparent conductive layer without the need to cut an underlying transparent conductive layer. A method of forming the non-light-emitting variable transmission device can include patterning the antireflective layer to define the hole that extends to the transparent conductive layer. Improved control in patterning allows the antireflective layer to be relatively thin and not remove too much of the underlying transparent conductive layer. 1. A non-light-emitting variable transmission device , comprising:an active stack;a first transparent conductive layer overlying the active stack;an intermediate layer overlying the first transparent conductive layer and defining a first hole; anda first bus bar comprising a first conductive tape that extends into the first hole and contacts the first transparent conductive layer.2. The non-light-emitting variable transmission device of claim 1 , further comprising a second bus bar comprising a second conductive tape claim 1 , the second conductive tape of the second bus bar extending into a second hole of the intermediate layer and contacting a second transparent conductive layer claim 1 , wherein the first hole is spaced apart from the second hole.3. The non-light-emitting variable transmission device of claim 1 , wherein the first bus bar does not contact any layer of the active stack or the second transparent conductive layer.4. The non-light-emitting variable transmission device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first hole and the second hole includes a pattern of holes ...

Electrochromic Devices and Manufacturing Methods Thereof

A method for enhancing the reliability of contacting the conductive layers in a laminated electrochromic device structure is disclosed (FIG. ). The laminate structure (), typically fabricated in the form of a sheet, comprises: two polymer substrates (); two conductive layers ()—one arranged on each substate—and facing each other; an electrochromic layer () and a counter-electrode layer () each arranged on different conductive layers; and an electrolyte layer () interposed between the electrochromic layer and the counter-electrode layer. Either an incision with an undulating cutting depth or perforations of predetermined sizes, depths (through at least most of one substrate) and separations are prefabricated along a desired tear line in the structure (step )—once the final shape of the device is defined—to facilitate the tearing away of the one polymer substrate to reveal the conductive layer to be contacted on the underlying substrate. 121.-. (canceled)22. A method for producing an electrochromic device , comprising the steps of:providing an electrochromic layered structure having a first substrate sheet, a second substrate sheet, said first substrate sheet and said second substrate sheet being polymer substrates, a first electron conducting layer at least partially covering said first substrate sheet, a second electron conducting layer at least partially covering said second substrate sheet, a first electrochromic layer at least partially covering said first electron conducting layer, a counter electrode layer at least partially covering said second electron conducting layer, and an electrolyte layer laminated between and at least partially covering said first electrochromic layer and said counter electrode layer; andcreating fracture indications along a line into one of said first substrate sheet and said second substrate sheet, wherein at least a part of said fracture indications cut through at least a major part of said first substrate sheet or said second ...

ELECTROCHROMIC GRATING AND 3D DISPLAY DEVICE

The disclosure relates to a 3D display device. The 3D display device includes a display panel and an electrochromic grating that is located on a light output side of the display panel; wherein the electrochromic grating comprises: a first transparent electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer and a second transparent electrode layer that are overlapped on a substrate of the display panel in sequence. As the solid electrolyte layer is used replacing the process in prior art that an upper and lower glasses substrates are used to package the electrochromic grating and thus avoiding complex packaging process, the 3D display device can be thinned. Further, as the electrochromic grating is directly formed on the substrate of the display panel, alignment between the electrochromic grating and the sub-pixels in the display panel can be more simple and accurate. 1. An electrochromic grating configured to be disposed at a light output side of a display panel , the electrochromic grating comprising:a first transparent electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer and a second transparent electrode layer that are overlapped on a substrate of the display panel in sequence, the solid electrolyte layer having a high ion conductivity and a high transmission and being configured to supply ions to the electrochromic layer.2. The electrochromic grating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte layer is made of at least one solid lithium salt or solid polymer containing lithium.3. The electrochromic grating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': 3', '3, 'the solid electrolyte layer is made of solid lithium salt comprising LiNbOand/or LiTaO; or'}{'sub': 3', '3', '4', '2', '3, 'the solid electrolyte layer is made of solid polymer containing lithium that comprises PEO-LiCFSOand/or PEO-LiClO—AlO.'}4. The electrochromic grating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic grating further comprises an electrochromic storage ...

Light-emitting assembly with transparent nanostructured electrochromic polymer color filter

A light-emitting assembly configured to generate varied color light includes an assembly housing. The light-emitting assembly also includes a light filter element fixed relative to the assembly housing. The light filter element includes a plurality of transparent nanostructured ElectroChromic (TNEC) layers. When at least one of the plurality of TNEC layers is subjected to voltage, the subject TNEC layer(s) imparts a distinct reflective color to ambient light entering the light-emitting assembly. Such a light-emitting assembly may be specifically adapted for use on a motor vehicle.

Electrochromic device

According to one embodiment, provided is an electrochromic device including an electrochromic layer, which contains a tungsten oxide material. The tungsten oxide material includes potassium-containing tungsten oxide particles having an average particle size of 100 nm or less. The potassium-containing tungsten oxide particles contain potassium within a range of 1 mol % to 50 mol %, and include a central section and a peripheral section adjacent to the central section. A periodicity of a crystal varies between the central section and the peripheral section.

Electrochromic device

An electrochromic device according to the inventive concept includes a first electrode; a second electrode on the first electrode; and an electrochromic electrolyte layer and a nanostructure between the first and second electrodes. The nanostructure has a porous structure, and the electrochromic electrolyte layer includes phenothiazine or a compound represented by the following Formula 1: where R 1 is hydrogen, C1-C6 alkyl or phenyl.

BI-STABLE DISPLAY BASED OFF-SCREEN KEYBOARD

A display based keyboard is described herein. The display based keyboard includes a bi-stable segmented-based display, a master controller, and a display driver. The bi-stable segmented-based display may include a front barrier layer, a top plane layer, a display technology specific layer, a back plane layer, and a rear barrier layer. 1. A segmented-based display , comprisinga front barrier layer;a top plane layer;a display technology specific layer;a back plane layer; anda rear barrier layer.2. The segmented-based display of claim 1 , wherein the front barrier layer and the rear barrier layer comprise an environmental barrier solution to protect the display technology specific layer claim 1 , the top plane layer claim 1 , and the back plane layer.3. The segmented-based display of wherein the display technology specific layer is disposed between the top plane layer and the back plane layer.4. The segmented-based display of claim 1 , wherein the display technology specific layer is divided into multiple segments.5. The segmented-based display of claim 1 , wherein the top plane layer and the back plane layer comprise electrodes.6. The segmented-based display of claim 1 , wherein multiple electrodes are routed on the back plane layer to form a display connector or a tail.7. The segmented-based display of claim 4 , wherein each segment is activated or deactivated based on a change of the display technology specific layer.8. A display based keyboard claim 4 , comprising:a bi-stable segmented-based display;a master controller; anda display driver.9. The display based keyboard of claim 8 , wherein a fixed-wedge display mode lifts the bi-stable segmented-based display into an angled position.10. The display based keyboard of claim 9 , wherein the fixed-wedge display mode comprises a push lock mechanism to lift the bi-stable segmented-based display.11. The display based keyboard of claim 8 , comprising a low-pin count display interface.12. The display based keyboard of claim ...

QUALITY CONTROL OF AN ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Quality control of an electrochromic device is described. A method may be subsequent to a stage of manufacturing of an electrochromic device. The method may include directing a current tinting state of the electrochromic device to correspond to a first tinting state and receiving sensor data associated with the directing of the current tinting state of the electrochromic device to correspond to the first tinting state. The method may further include determining, based on the sensor data, whether a corrective action is to be performed for the electrochromic device and, responsive to determining the corrective action is to be performed, cause the corrective action to be performed. 1. A method comprising: directing a current tinting state of the first electrochromic device to correspond to a first tinting state;', 'receiving first sensor data associated with the directing of the current tinting state of the first electrochromic device to correspond to the first tinting state;', 'determining, based on the first sensor data, whether a corrective action is to be performed for the first electrochromic device; and', 'responsive to determining the corrective action is to be performed, causing the corrective action to be performed., 'subsequent to a first stage of manufacturing of a first electrochromic device2. The method of further comprising: directing the current tinting state of the first electrochromic device to correspond to the first tinting state; and', 'receiving second sensor data associated with the directing of the current tinting state of the first electrochromic device to correspond to the first tinting state, wherein the determining whether the corrective action is to be performed is further based on the second sensor data., 'subsequent to a second stage of manufacturing of the first electrochromic device3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first stage of manufacturing is at a first facility and the second stage of manufacturing is at a second facility claim ...

DISPLAY PANEL, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF AND DISPLAY DEVICE

The present disclosure provides a display panel, including: a base substrate; a plurality of hemispherical grooves arranged in the base substrate, a reflective material having a refractive index substantially greater than the base substrate being filled in each of the plurality of hemispherical grooves; and at least one electrochromic unit arranged on the base substrate with the reflective material. Each of the at least one electrochromic unit includes two transparent electrodes and an electrochromic material arranged between the two transparent electrodes. 1. A display panel , comprising:a base substrate;a plurality of hemispherical grooves arranged in the base substrate, a reflective material having a refractive index substantially greater than the base substrate being filled in each of the plurality of hemispherical grooves; andat least one electrochromic unit arranged on the base substrate with the reflective material,wherein each of the at least one electrochromic unit comprises two transparent electrodes and an electrochromic material arranged between the two transparent electrodes.2. The display panel according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one electrochromic unit comprises a plurality of electrochromic units arranged in an array form on the base substrate with the reflective material.3. The display panel according to claim 2 , wherein the transparent electrodes of the plurality of electrochromic units at one side of the electrochromic material are electrically connected to each other claim 2 , and the transparent electrodes at the other side of the electrochromic material are spaced apart from each other.4. The display panel according to claim 3 , wherein the transparent electrodes of the plurality of electrochromic units at the one side of the electrochromic material are formed integrally.5. The display panel according to claim 2 , wherein any two of the plurality of electrochromic units are spaced apart from each other.6. The display panel according to ...

NARROW PRE-DEPOSITION LASER DELETION

Certain aspects pertain to methods of fabricating an optical device on a substantially transparent substrate that include a pre-deposition operation that removes a width of lower conductor layer at a distance from the outer edge of the substrate to form a pad at the outer edge. The pad and any deposited layers of the optical device may be removed in a post edge deletion operation. 125.-. (canceled)26. A method of fabricating an electrochromic device having one or more layers of the electrochromic device sandwiched between a first transparent conductor layer and a second transparent conductor layer , the method comprising:receiving a rectangular glass substrate with the first transparent conductor layer over its work surface;(ii) removing a first strip of the first transparent conductor layer along three sides about the perimeter of the rectangular glass substrate, wherein the first strip is inset from the outer edge of the rectangular glass substrate;(iii) depositing the one or more layers of the electrochromic device and the second transparent conductor layer over substantially the entire work surface of the rectangular glass substrate; and(iv) removing a second strip at a sufficient depth to remove layers of the second transparent conductor, the electrochromic device and the first transparent conductor along substantially the entire perimeter of the rectangular glass substrate.27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the second strip is of sufficient width that its inner edge coincides with or is to the inside of the outer edge of the first strip.28. The method of claim 26 , further comprising removing a region of the second transparent conductor layer and the one or more layers of the electrochromic device revealing an exposed portion of the first transparent conductor layer.29. The method of claim 28 , wherein removing the region of the second transparent conductor layer and the one or more layers of the electrochromic device includes removing a portion of the first ...

ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMER THIN FILMS HAVING REDUCED SELF-BLEACHING BEHAVIOR AND ENHANCED CYCLING STABILITY

The disclosure relates generally to electrochromic devices wherein the self-bleaching behavior of an electrochromic polymer (ECP) film is suppressed, and related methods. In some embodiments, provided are ECP films on modified transparent conductive oxide substrates, such as a partially octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) covered indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate (POTS-ITO substrate), methods of preparing the ECP films, and electrochromic devices comprising the films. 1. An electrochromic device (ECD) comprising an electrochromic polymer (ECP) film on a modified transparent conductive oxide substrate which is a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrate partially or fully covered with a modification material selected from C-Calkyltrichlorosilane , TiO , ZnO , WO , MoO , VO , NiO , NiO , and NiO , HMDS (bis(trimethylsilyl)amine) , APTS ((3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane) , and trimethoxy(2-phenylethyl)silane , poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) , poly(3 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) , or a combination thereof.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the transparent conductive oxide substrate comprises indium tin oxide (ITO) claim 1 , fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) claim 1 , aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) claim 1 , or antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material is C-Calkyltrichlorosilane.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material is octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS).5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material is in the form of a thin layer.6. The electrochromic device of claim 5 , wherein the thickness of a thin layer is less than about 100 nm.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material fully covers the transparent conductive oxide substrate.8. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material ...

ULTRATHIN, SOLUTION PHASE ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

An electrochromic device includes an electrochromic medium including a cathodic component, an anodic component, a hydroquinone, and a solvent. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a chamber defined by a substantially transparent first substrate, a second substrate, and a sealing member; andan electrochromic medium disposed within the chamber, the medium comprising a cathodic component, an anodic component, a hydroquinone, and a solvent.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the hydroquinone is tetramethylhydroquinone.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein:the first substrate comprises a first surface, and a second surface comprising a first substantially transparent, electrically conductive coating and disposed opposite to the first surface;the second substrate comprising a first surface comprising an electrically conductive coating, and a second surface disposed opposite to the first surface;the second surface of the first substrate and the first surface of the second substrate being located proximally to each other and having a substantially uniform spacing of distance, d, between them.4. The electrochromic device of claim 3 , wherein 0 μm Подробнее

ENERGY-HARVESTING CHROMOGENIC DEVICES

An aspect of the present disclosure is a device that includes a switchable material and an intercalating species, such that when a first condition is met, at least a portion of the intercalating species is associated with the switchable material and the switchable material is substantially transparent and substantially colorless, and when a second condition is met, at least a fraction of the portion of the intercalating species is transferred from the switchable material and the switchable material is substantially transparent and substantially colored. 1. A device comprising:a switchable material; andan intercalating species, wherein:when a first condition is met, at least a portion of the intercalating species is associated with the switchable material and the switchable material is substantially transparent and substantially colorless, andwhen a second condition is met, at least a fraction of the portion of the intercalating species is transferred from the switchable material and the switchable material is substantially opaque and substantially colored.2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the switchable material comprises ABX claim 1 , ABX claim 1 , or ABXwhere A comprises a first cation claim 1 , B comprises a second cation claim 1 , and X comprises an anion.3. The device of claim 2 , wherein the first cation comprises at least one of a monovalent cation or a divalent cation.4. The device of claim 2 , wherein the second cation comprises a metal that is in at least one of a 2+ oxidation state or a 4+ oxidation state.5. The device of claim 2 , wherein the anion comprises at least one of a halide or an oxide/chalcogenide.6. The device of claim 2 , wherein:{'sub': '3', 'the switchable material comprises ABX,'}{'sub': 3', '3, 'A comprises CHNH,'}B comprises at least one of lead or nickel, andX comprises at least one of iodine or bromine.7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the intercalating species comprises at least one of HO claim 1 , NH claim 1 , RNH claim 1 , RR′NH ...

ELECTROCHROMIC MIRROR

The present disclosure provides an electrochromic mirror including a light reflective member, and an electrochromic device disposed on the reflective surface side of the light reflective member, wherein the electrochromic mirror includes a light detection region, the light detection region includes a plurality of openings defined in the light reflective member or a light transmissive member disposed between a bezel member and the light reflective member, and the electrochromic mirror is configured to control a transmittance of the electrochromic device in response to at least a portion of the amount of light in the light detection region. 1. An electrochromic mirror comprising:a light reflective member; andan electrochromic device disposed on a reflective surface side of the light reflective member,wherein the electrochromic mirror includes at least one light detection region, the at least one light detection region includes a plurality of openings defined in the light reflective member, andthe electrochromic mirror is configured to control a transmittance of the electrochromic device in response to at least a portion of an amount of light in the at least one light detection region.2. The electrochromic mirror according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one light detection region includes at least one light detection unit and a light guide unit claim 1 , and the light guide unit is configured to guide claim 1 , to the at least one light detection unit claim 1 , light having entered the at least one light detection region.3. The electrochromic mirror according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one light detection unit is a plurality of light detection units disposed so as to respectively correspond to the plurality of openings.4. The electrochromic mirror according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one light detection region includes a plurality of light detection units disposed so as to correspond to each of at least one amount-of-light variable region of the ...

AN ELECTRO-OPTIC ELEMENT

A vehicular rearview assembly that has a rounded outer perimeter edge to satisfy safety standards and contains an EC element having a complex peripheral ring, a front surface that is fully observable from the front of the assembly, and a user interface with switches and sensors that activate and configure, in cooperation with electronic circuitry of the assembly, pre-defined function(s) or device(s) of the assembly in response to the user input applied to the user interface. A complex peripheral ring may include multiple bands the structures of which is adapted to provide for specified optical characteristics of light, reflected off of the ring. Electrical communications between the electronic circuitry, the mirror element, and the user interface utilize connectors configured to exert a low contact force, onto the mirror element, limited in part by the strength of adhesive affixing the EC element to an element of the housing of the assembly. 1. An electro-optic element comprising:a first substrate having first and second surfaces;a second substrate having third and fourth surfaces, the second and third surfaces disposed in a parallel and spaced-apart relationships such to form a gap therebetween;a sealing material circumferentially disposed along a perimeter of the third surface to sealingly affix the second and third surfaces together to form a chamber therebetween; andan electro-optic medium in the chamber;wherein at least one of the second and third surfaces carries a transparent conducting oxide (TCO);wherein the at least one of the second and third surfaces carried a metal-containing layer;wherein the metal-containing layer is substantially absent at at least a portion of a surface of the TCO to define an opening and the TCO layer is present in substantially all of the opening; andwherein the metal-containing layer has a sharp or abruptly terminated edge.2. The electro-optic element according to claim 1 , wherein a distance of a transition of the sharp or ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES ON NON-RECTANGULAR SHAPES

This present invention relates to bus bar configurations and fabrication methods of non-rectangular shaped (e.g., triangular, trapezoidal, circular, pentagonal, hexagonal, arched, etc.) optical devices. The optical device comprises a first side, a second side, and a third side adjacent to the second side and two bus bars spanning a portion of the optical device. 1. An optically switchable window comprising:a non-rectangular optically switchable device comprising a first side, a second side, and a third side adjacent the second side;a first bus bar spanning a first portion along a first side of the non-rectangular optically switchable device; anda second bus bar spanning a second portion of the second side of the non-rectangular optically switchable device and a third portion of the third side, the second side opposing the first side,wherein the first bus bar and second bus bar are configured to apply voltage to the optically switchable device, andwherein the third portion has a length equal to about 0.60 times the length of the third side.2. (canceled)3. The optically switchable window of claim 1 , wherein the second and third portions of the second bus bar are located along a right angle of the non-rectangular optically switchable device.4. The optically switchable window of claim 1 , wherein the second portion has a length equal to about 0.60 times the length of the second side.5. (canceled)6. The optically switchable window of claim 1 , wherein the second portion has a length with a range of about 0.50 to 0.70 times the length of the second side.7. The optically switchable window of claim 1 , wherein the second portion has a length of about the length of the second side.810-. (canceled)11. The optically switchable window of claim 1 , wherein a difference between a maximum distance from a weakest coloring point on the non-rectangular optically switchable device to the bus bars and a minimum distance from a strongest coloring point on the non-rectangular optically ...

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENTS AND DEVICES

The present disclosure relates to electrochromic elements and devices including an electrochromic material having one or more optical properties that may be changed upon application of an electric potential. The device may include a conductive nanoparticle layer and/or a buffer layer. Upon provision of an electric potential above a threshold where electron tunneling may occur in the barrier layer, electrons are passed to or from the electrochromic material through the barrier layer resulting in a change to the optical properties of the electrochromic material. An opposite electric potential may be provided to reverse the change in the optical properties. 1. An electrochromic element , comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;a blocking layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode;an electrochromic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; anda conductive nanoparticle metal layer disposed upon the electrochromic layer.2. The electrochromic element of claim 1 , further comprising a buffer layer between the first electrode and the blocking layer.3. The electrochromic element of claim 1 , wherein the first electrode comprises a transparent conductive metal oxide.4. The electrochromic element of claim 3 , wherein the transparent conductive metal oxide is indium tin oxide.5. The electrochromic element of claim 1 , wherein the blocking layer comprises an electrically insulating material.6. The electrochromic element of claim 5 , wherein the electrically insulating material is AlO.7. The electrochromic element of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer comprises an inorganic compound or an organic compound.8. The electrochromic element of claim 7 , wherein the inorganic compound is WO.9. The electrochromic element of claim 1 , wherein the conductive nanoparticle metal layer comprises Ag claim 1 , Cu claim 1 , Au claim 1 , or Al.10. The electrochromic element of claim 9 , wherein the conductive nanoparticle metal ...