Heterogeneously catalyzed partial direct oxidation of propane and/or isobutane

Method for the production of at least one partial propylene oxidation and/or ammoxidation product

Disclosed is a method for producing at least one partial propylene oxidation and/or ammoxidation product, according to which the propylene is produced from raw propane by means of dehydration and is subjected to a heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation and/or partial gas phase ammoxidation in the presence of unreacted propane as a component of a gas mixture 2 containing < 1 percent by volume of butene-1.

Process for removing methacrylic acid from liquid phase comprising acrylic acid as a main constituent and target product, and methacrylic acid as a secondary component

A process for removing methacrylic acid from liquid phase P comprising acrylic acid as a main constituent and target product, and methacrylic acid as a secondary component in which the removal is effected by crystallization, the acrylic acid accumulating in the crystals formed and the methacrylic acid in the remaining mother liquor.

Process for preparing at least one target product by partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation of propylene

A process for preparing at least one target product by partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation of propylene, in which the propylene source used is a propane dehydrogenation, the propane used therein being obtained by a rectificative prepurification of crude propane.

Process for removing methacrolein from liquid phase comprising acrylic acid as a main constituent and target product, and methacrolein as a secondary component

A process for removing methacrolein from liquid phase P comprising acrylic acid as a main constituent and target product, and methacrolein as a secondary component in which the removal is effected by crystallization, the acrylic acid accumulating in the crystals formed and the methacrolein in the remaining mother liquor.

Method for the elimination of methacrylic acid from a liquid phase containing acrylic acid as a main component and target product and methacrylic acid as a secondary component

Disclosed is a method for eliminating methacrylic acid from a liquid phase (P) containing acrylic acid as a main component and target product and methacrylic acid as a secondary component. According to said method, the methacrylic acid is eliminated using crystallization, the acrylic acid accumulating in the formed crystallized product and the methacrylic acid accumulating in the remaining mother liquor.

Separation of methracrolein from acrylic acid, comprises crystallizing and separating the acrylic acid, and leaving the methacrolein in a liquid phase of the mother liquor

Separation of a methracrolein from an acrylic acid, comprises crystallizing and separating the acrylic acid, and leaving the methacrolein in a liquid phase of the mother liquor.

Removal of methacrylic acid from liquid phase comprising acrylic acid as main constituent involves performing crystallization to accumulate acrylic acid in the crystals formed and the methacrylic acid in the remaining mother liquor

A process for removing methacrylic acid from liquid phase (P) comprising acrylic acid as a main constituent and target product, and methacrylic acid as a secondary component, involves performing crystallization, where the acrylic acid accumulates in the crystals formed and the methacrylic acid in the remaining mother liquor.

Method for separating methacrolein from acrylic acid as the main constituent and from a liquid phase containing methacrolein as a minor constituent, in addition to a target product

Ein Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Methacrolein aus Acrylsäure als Hauptbestandteil sowie Zielprodukt und Methacrolein als Nebenkomponente enthaltender flüssiger Phase P, bei dem die Abtrennung kristallisativ erfolgt, wobei sich die Acrylsäure im gebildeten Kristallisat und das Methacrolein in der verbleibenden Mutterlauge anreichert.

Process for long-term operation of a continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated

A process for long-term operation of a continuous heterogeneously catalyzed partial dehydrogenation of a hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated, in which a reaction gas mixture stream comprising the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated in a molar starting amount KW is conducted through an overall catalyst bed comprising the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst and the deactivation of the overall catalyst bed is counteracted in such a way that, with increasing operating time, the contribution to the conversion in the first third of the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst in flow direction decreases, the contribution to the conversion in the last third of the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst in flow direction increases, and the contribution to the conversion in the second third of the total amount M of dehydrogenation catalyst in flow direction passes through a maximum.

Preparation of at least one partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation product of propylene

In a process for preparing at least one partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation product of propylene, the propylene is obtained from crude propane by dehydrogenating and subjected in the presence of unconverted propane as a constituent of a gas mixture 2 which comprises a total C 4 -hydrocarbon content of ≦3% by volume to a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation and/or partial gas phase ammoxidation.

Method for the production of at least one partial propylene oxidation and/or ammoxidation product

Disclosed is a method for producing at least one partial propylene oxidation and/or ammoxidation product, according to which the propylene is produced from raw propane by means of dehydration and is subjected to a heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation and/or partial gas phase ammoxidation in the presence of unreacted propane as a component of a gas mixture 2 containing < 1 percent by volume of butene-1.

Method for producing acrolein and/or acrylic acid

The invention relates to a method for producing acrolein and/or acrylic acid from propane and/or propene, comprising the following steps: (a) separating the propane and/or propene from a gas mixture containing propane or propene by means of absorption into an absorption agent, (b) separating the propane and/or propene from the absorption agent thereby obtaining a gas B, and (c) using the gas B obtained in step (b) to convert propane and/or propene into acrolein and/or acrylic acid by means of oxidation. No heterogeneously catalysed dehydrogenation of propane is carried out between steps (b) and (c) without a supply of oxygen.

Process for removing methacrylic acid from liquid phase comprising acrylic acid as a main constituent and target product, and methacrylic acid as a secondary component

A process for removing methacrylic acid from liquid phase P comprising acrylic acid as a main constituent and target product, and methacrylic acid as a secondary component in which the removal is effected by crystallization, the acrylic acid accumulating in the crystals formed and the methacrylic acid in the remaining mother liquor.

A process for removing methacrolein from the liquid phase P comprising acrylic acid as a major constituent and target product and methacrolein as a secondary component.

PROCESSO PARA REMOVER METACROLEìNA A PARTIR DA FASE LìQUIDA P QUE COMPREENDE áCIDO ACRìLICO COMO UM CONSTITUINTE PRINCIPAL E PRODUTO ALVO E METACROLEìNA COMO UM COMPONENTE SECUNDáRIO. A invenção diz respeito a um processo para remover metacroleina do ácido acrílico como o constituinte principal e de uma fase líquida P contendo metacroleina como um constituinte secundário, além de um produto alvo. De acordo com o dito processo, a separação acontece pela cristalização, por meio do qual o ácido acrílico é concentrado nos cristalizados formados e a metacroleina é concentrada no licor mãe remanescente. PROCESS FOR REMOVING METACROLEIN FROM THE NET STAGE P UNDERSTANDING ACRYLIC ACID AS A MAIN CONSTITUENT AND TARGET PRODUCT AS A SECONDARY COMPONENT. The invention relates to a process for removing methacrolein from acrylic acid as the main constituent and a liquid phase P containing methacrolein as a secondary constituent in addition to a target product. According to said process, separation takes place by crystallization, whereby acrylic acid is concentrated in the crystallized formed and methacrolein is concentrated in the remaining mother liquor.

Method for the production of acrylic acid and/or the esters thereof and propionic acid and/or the esters thereof in a compound

Method for the production of acrolein, acrylic acid, or a mixture thereof by means of heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propylene

Preparation of at least one partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation product of propylene

IN A PROCESS FOR PREPARING AT LEAST ONE PARTIAL OXIDATION AND/OR AMMOXIDATION PRODUCT OF PROPYLENE, THE PROPYLENE IS OBTAINED FROM CRUDE PROPANE BY DEHYDROGENATING AND SUBJECTED IN THE PRESENCE OF UNCONVERTED PROPANE AS A CONSTITUENT OF A GAS MIXTURE 2 WHICH COMPRISES A TOTAL C4 HYDROCARBON CONTENT OF < 3% BY VOLUME TO A HETEROGENEOUSLY CATALYZED GAS PHASE PARTIAL OXIDATION AND/OR PARTIAL GAS PHASE AMMOXIDATION.

Preparation of acrylic acid and/or its esters and also of propionic acid and/or its esters in an integrated system

Process for preparing at least one target product by partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation of propylene

Preparing dehydrogenated hydrocarbon comprises providing a gaseous reaction mixture stream containing hydrocarbon at an increased temperature through a catalyst bed system, and supplying a volume flow of e.g. molecular oxygen

Preparation of dehydrogenated hydrocarbon, comprises providing a gaseous reaction mixture stream containing the hydrocarbon at an increased temperature through a catalyst bed system present in a reaction zone; and optionally supplying a volume flow of molecular oxygen, molecular hydrogen, water vapor and/or another inert gas that act as auxiliary gases for the dehydrogenation reaction, to the gaseous reaction mixture stream between its entry at the start of the catalyst bed system and its exit from the end of the catalyst bed system. Procedure for the long-term operation of a continuously-operated and heterogeneously-catalyzed partial dehydrogenation process of a hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated to form a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon, comprises providing a gaseous reaction mixture stream containing the hydrocarbon in an initial molar volume (KW), at an increased temperature through a catalyst bed system, which is present in a reaction zone (RZ) and consist of many catalyst bed sections that are arranged serially along the flow direction of the gaseous reaction mixture stream, and as a whole consists a molar volume (M) of a dehydrogenation catalyst; where: at the time of operation t is t 0, the passage of the gaseous reaction mixture stream through first, second and last third portion of (M) along the flow direction output, proportions of A, B and C mol.% of (KW) of the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated are respectively converted to form dehydrogenated hydrocarbon, under the condition that A is greater than B and B is greater than C and during the passage of the gaseous reaction mixture stream through the catalyst bed system, a total (G) i.e. A+B+C mol.% of (KW) of the hydrocarbon to be dehydrogenated that is contained in this reaction mixture stream is dehydrogenated to form dehydrogenated hydrocarbon, and optionally supplying a volume flow of molecular oxygen, molecular hydrogen, water vapor and/or another inert gas that act as auxiliary gases for the dehydrogenation ...

Method for producing formic acid formiates

The invention relates to a method for producing formic acid formiates consisting in supplying a formic acid-containing fluid flow (I) and a metal formiate-containing fluid flow (II) and in mixing the fluid flow (I) and the fluid flow (II) in order to obtain corresponding formic acid formiate. Said invention is characterised in that a fluid flow (III) containing metallic formiate components, metal methanolate, methanol and formic acid methylester (MeFo) at a ratio > 0.1 mass % is inserted into the fluid flow (I) or the precursor thereof, into the fluid flow (II) or the precursor thereof or into a mixture which is formed by the fluid flows (I) and (II). Said fluid flow (III) is obtained by a method for producing MeFo by carbonylating methanol in a reactor at a pressure up to 50 MPa absolutes in the presence of metal methanolate which used as homogenous catalyst.

PREPARATION OF ACID FORMATS

Un proceso para la preparación de formiatos ácidos mediante la provisión de una corriente líquida (I) que contiene ácido fórmico y una corriente líquida (II) que contiene un formiato de metal y la mezcla de la corriente líquida (I) con al corriente líquida (II), para obtener el correspondiente formiato ácido, que comprende la alimentación a la corriente líquida (I) o uno de sus precursores, a la corriente líquida (II) o uno de sus precursores, o a la mezcla de las corrientes líquidas(I) y (II), de una corriente líquida (III) que contiene los siguientes componentes en contenidos de, en cada caso, > 0,1 % en peso: formiato de metal, metóxido de metal, metanol y MeFo (MeFo), que se produce en un proceso para la preparación de MeFo por carbonilación de metanol en un reactor a una presión absoluta de hasta 50 MPa en presencia de un metóxido de metal como catalizador homogéneo. Uso de formiatos ácidos preparados en el proceso descripto para conservar y/o acidificar material vegetal y/o material animal, para el tratamiento de desechos biológicos, o como aditivo para la nutrición animal y/o como promotor del crecimiento de animales. A process for the preparation of acid formates by providing a liquid stream (I) containing formic acid and a liquid stream (II) containing a metal formate and mixing the liquid stream (I) with the liquid stream ( II), to obtain the corresponding acid formate, which comprises feeding the liquid stream (I) or one of its precursors, the liquid stream (II) or one of its precursors, or the mixing of the liquid streams (I) and (II), of a liquid stream (III) containing the following components in contents of, in each case,> 0.1% by weight: metal formate, metal methoxide, methanol and MeFo (MeFo), which is It produces in a process for the preparation of MeFo by carbonylation of methanol in a reactor at an absolute pressure of up to 50 MPa in the presence of a metal methoxide as a homogeneous catalyst. Use of acid formates prepared in the process ...

Process for the preparation of methyl formate

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Methylformiat durch Umsetzung von Methanol mit Kohlenmonoxid bei einem Druck von 0,5 bis 10 MPa abs und einer Temperatur von 50 bis 150 DEG C in Gegenwart eines Metallalkoholats als Katalysator in einem Reaktor, bei dem man dem Reaktor einen Gasstrom entnimmt, aus diesem Gasstrom mitgeführtes Methylformiat durch Kondensation abtrennt und den verbleibenden Gasstrom vollständig oder teilweise als Kreisgasstrom zum Reaktor rückführt und in mindestens einem Bereich des Reaktors, in dem das Gas im Wesentlichen in eine Richtung strömt, eine mittlere Gasleerrohrgeschwindigkeit von 1 bis 20 cm/s einstellt. Process for the preparation of methyl formate by reacting methanol with carbon monoxide at a pressure of 0.5 to 10 MPa abs and a temperature of 50 to 150 ° C. in the presence of a metal alcoholate as catalyst in a reactor, in which a gas stream is withdrawn from the reactor, methyl formate carried along from this gas stream is separated off by condensation and the remaining gas stream is returned to the reactor in whole or in part as a recycle gas stream and, in at least one area of the reactor in which the gas flows essentially in one direction, sets an average gas empty tube speed of 1 to 20 cm / s ,

Preparation of acrolein or acrylic acid or a mixture thereof by heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of propylene

A process for preparing acrolein or acrylic acid or a mixture thereof by heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas oxidation of propylene, in which the starting reaction gas mixture has the following contents: from 6 to 9% by volume of propylene, from 8 to 18% by volume of molecular oxygen, from 6 to 30% by volume of propane and from 32 to 72% by volume of molecular nitrogen.

Fixed-bed process for producing chlorine by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride

A process for preparing chlorine by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride over a fixed catalyst bed is disclosed that includes: making available a feed gas stream I with hydrogen chloride and an oxygen-containing feed gas stream II, feeding the feed gas stream I, the feed gas stream II, and, if desired, a recycled stream Ia with hydrogen chloride, an oxygen-containing recycle stream IIa, and a recycled stream III into an oxidation zone and oxidizing hydrogen chloride to chlorine in the presence of a catalyst present in a fixed bed to give product gas stream IV having chlorine, unreacted oxygen, unreacted hydrogen chloride and water vapor, and taking the recycled stream III from the product gas stream IV, without further treatment, and recirculating it to the oxidation zone, leaving a product gas stream IVa.

Method and device for producing formates and the use thereof

Preparation of at least one partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation product of a hydrocarbon

A process for preparing at least one partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation product of a hydrocarbon by partially dehydrogenating at least one saturated hydrocarbon H under heterogeneous catalysis and using the resulting product gas mixture A, which comprises the partially dehydrogenated hydrocarbon H, as such or in modified form for heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation of the partially dehydrogenated hydrocarbon present in the product gas mixture A, said process including at least one mechanical separating operation inserted between the product gas mixture A and the heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation.

Antimicrobial preservatives to achieve multi-dose formulation using beta-cyclodextrins for liquid dosage forms

Method and device for producing formic acid formates and use of said formates

The invention relates to a method for producing formic acid formates, whereby (a) formic acid methyl ester is partially hydrolysed with water; (b) formic acid methyl ester and methanol are separated by distillation from the reaction mixture obtained in step (a), forming a current containing formic acid and water; (c) the current obtained in step (b), containing the formic acid methyl ester and optionally methanol, is converted into a current containing formate and water, by (i) reaction with a basic compound having a pKa value of the corresponding acid of the corresponding dissociation step of = 3, measured at 25 °C in an aqueous solution, in the presence of water, and (ii) separation by distillation of the methanol; and (d) the current obtained in step (b), containing formic acid and water, and the current obtained in step (c), containing formate and water, are combined to form a mixture containing the formic acid formate and water. The invention also relates to a device for producing said formic acid formates and to the use of the same.

Method for producing formic acid formiates

The invention relates to a method for producing formic acid formiates consisting in supplying a formic acid-containing fluid flow (I) and a metal formiate-containing fluid flow (II) and in mixing the fluid flow (I) and the fluid flow (II) in order to obtain corresponding formic acid formiate. Said invention is characterised in that a fluid flow (III) containing metallic formiate components, metal methanolate, methanol and formic acid methylester (MeFo) at a ratio > 0.1 mass % is inserted into the fluid flow (I) or the precursor thereof, into the fluid flow (II) or the precursor thereof or into a mixture which is formed by the fluid flows (I) and (II). Said fluid flow (III) is obtained by a method for producing MeFo by carbonylating methanol in a reactor at a pressure up to 50 MPa absolutes in the presence of metal methanolate which used as homogenous catalyst.

Method for the heterogeneously catalyzed partial direct oxidation of propane and/or isobutane into acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid

Disclosed is a method for the heterogeneously catalyzed partial direct oxidation of propane and/or isobutane. According to said method, target product is separated from the product gas mixture obtained in the reaction stage in a reprocessing stage, the remaining product gas mixture is divided into two partial quantities having the same composition, one partial quantity is redirected into the reaction stage while the other partial quantity is discharged, and both the reaction stage and the reprocessing stage are operated at an increased pressure.

Parenteral formulations comprising a beta-cyclodextrin and a preservative

The present invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions containing a therapeutically effective amount of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ("API"), a pharmaceutically acceptable cyclodextrin and a pharmaceutically acceptable preservative. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions of the compounds of Formula (I) wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyland a pharmaceutically acceptable cyclodextrin and preservative. Formula (I): In particular, the invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions of the compound of Formula la, and a pharmaceutically acceptable cyclodextrin and a preservative.

Production of acrolein and acrylic acid, e.g. chemical intermediate and monomer, comprises dehydrogenation and partial oxidation of propane by adding cycle gas at point where propane in main feed is partly dehydrogenated

Production of acrolein/acrylic acid (IA/B) comprises dehydrogenation of gas feeds containing propane to gas containing propane and propylene, (partial) separation, gas phase partial oxidation with oxygen to gas containing (IA/B) and excess oxygen and separation, residual gas containing propane, oxygen and optionally propylene is (partly) recycled to first zone. Production of acrolein (IA) and/or acrylic acid (IB) from propane comprises: (1) passing not less than 2 feed gas streams containing propane, including not less than 1 containing fresh propane, into a first reaction zone A, where the propane is subjected to heterogeneously catalyzed dehydrogenation, giving a product gas mixture A containing propane and propylene; (2) passing this mixture (A) into a first separation zone A, in which other components are (partly) separated, leaving product gas mixture A' containing propane and propylene; (3) using A' in a second reaction B for charging oxidation reactor(s), in which propylene in A' is subjected to heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation with molecular oxygen to convert it to a product gas mixture B containing acrolein and/or acrylic acid as intended product and excess oxygen; and (4) separating product gas mixture B in a second separation zone B into the intended product containing product gas mixture B and a residual gas (V) containing unreacted propane, oxygen and optionally unreacted propylene which is (partly) recycled to reaction zone A as one feed stream. The novelty is that residual gas (V) is recycled to reaction zone A at a feed point where not less than 5 mole-% of propane in the other feed stream(s) has already been dehydrogenated.

Process for preparing at least one target product by partial oxidation and/or ammoxidation of propylene

84 PROCESS FOR PREPARING AT LEAST ONE TARGET PRODUCT BY PARTIAL OXIDATION AND/OR AMMOXIDATION OF PROPYLENE ABSTRACT 5 A PROCESS FOR PREPARING AT LEAST ONE TARGET PRODUCT BY PARTIAL OXIDATION AND/OR AMMOXIDATION OF PROPYLENE, IN WHICH THE PROPYLENE SOURCE USED IS A PROPANE DEHYDROGENATION, THE PROPANE USED THEREIN BEING OBTAINED BY A RECTIFICATIVE PREPUFFCATION OF CRUDE PROPANE. ()QO5(OG

Preparation of acrolein or acrylic acid or a mixture thereof from propane

A PROCESS FOR PREPARING ACROLEIN OR ACRYLIC ACID OR A MIXTURE THEREOF FROM PROPANE, IN WHICH THE PROPANE IS INITIALLY DEHYDROGENATED UNDER HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS TO GIVE PROPENE, SECONDARY COMPONENTS ARE REMOVED AND THE REMAINING GAS MIXTURE, COMPRISING PROPANE AND PROPENE, IS SUBJECTED TO THE HETEROGENEOUSLY CATALYZED PARTIAL OXIDATION TO ACROLEIN OR ACRYLIC ACID OR A MIXTURE THEREOF AS THE TARGET PRODUCT, TARGET PRODUCT IS REMOVED FROM THE PRODUCT GAS MIXTURE AND THE REMAINING RESIDUAL GAS, COMPRISING EXCESS OXYGEN AND UNCONVERTED PROPANE, IS RECYCLED INTO THE PROPANE DEHYDROGENATION IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE OTHER PROPANE FED TO THE DEHYDROGENATION IS AT LEAST PARTLY CONVERTED UNDER DEHYDROGENATING CONDITIONS AT THE RECYCLE POINT.

Fixed-bed process for producing chlorine by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride

Process for preparing chlorine by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride over a fixed catalyst bed, which comprises the steps: a) making available a feed gas stream I comprising hydrogen chloride and an oxygen-containing feed gas stream II; b) feeding the feed gas stream I, the feed gas stream II, if desired a recycled stream Ia comprising hydrogen chloride, if desired an oxygen-containing recycled stream Ia and a recycled stream III into an oxidation zone and oxidizing hydrogen chloride to chlorine in the presence of a catalyst present in a fixed bed to give a product gas stream IV comprising chlorine, unreacted oxygen, unreacted hydrogen chloride and water vapor; c) taking the recycled stream III from the product gas stream IV and recirculating it to the oxidation zone, leaving a product gas stream IVa. The ratio of the streams III/IVa is generally from 0.005 to 3, preferably from 0.2 to 1.5 and particularly preferably from 0.4 to 1. The recycle stream III is preferably drawn in by one or more of the gas streams I, II and, if applicable, Ia by means of a jet nozzle.

Method and device for producing formates and the use thereof

The invention relates to a method for producing formates according to which: (a) methyl formate is partially hydrolyzed with water; (b) methyl formate and methanol are separated by distillation from the reaction mixture obtained in step (a) while forming a stream containing formic acid and water, and; (c) the stream containing formic acid and water from step (b) is brought together with the corresponding formate while forming a mixture containing the formate and water. The invention also relates to a device for producing these formates and to the use thereof.

Method for the continuous extraction of (meth)acrylic acid

The invention relates to a method for the continuous extraction of (meth)acrylic acid from the reaction gas of catalytic gas phase oxidation. The inventive method comprises the following steps: (I) the reaction gas is quenched by evaporative cooling using a high-boiling solvent; (II) the (meth)acrylic acid is separated from the quenched reaction gas by absorption in the high-boiling solvent; (III) the solvent loaded with (meth)acrylic acid is split into a first partial flow (IIIA) mostly containing (meth)acrylic acid and a second partial flow (IIIB) mostly containing the solvent; (IV) flow (IIIB) is sent back to step (II); and (V) (meth)acrylic acid is extracted from flow (IIIA) by distillation, all remaining liquid flows produced in step (V) being sent back to step (I).

Method and device for producing formates and the use thereof

The invention relates to a method for producing formates according to which: (a) methyl formate is partially hydrolyzed with water; (b) methyl formate and methanol are separated by distillation from the reaction mixture obtained in step (a) while forming a stream containing formic acid and water, and; (c) the stream containing formic acid and water from step (b) is brought together with the corresponding formate while forming a mixture containing the formate and water. The invention also relates to a device for producing these formates and to the use thereof.

Fixed-bed method for production of chlorine by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride

Production of chlorine by catalytic gas-phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride (HCl), in which an HCl-containing gas and an oxygen-containing gas are fed into a reaction zone containing a fixed bed of catalyst to give a product gas comprising chlorine, oxygen, HCl and water vapor, comprises removing a recycle stream from the product gas and recycling it to the reaction zone.

Stabilized naked dna compositions

Verfahren zur herstellung von acrolein und/oder acrylsäure

Predicting function from sequence using information decomposition

A method of determining the function of a sequence using information decomposition includes providing a plurality of sequences forming a knowledge base, each of the plurality of sequences having respective functions associated therewith, forming a plurality of position weight matrices having different orders based on the sequences, generating a sequence score for each of the plurality of sequences to form a plurality of sequence scores, correlating the respective functions with the sequence scores to form correlation coefficients, selecting a selected order from the different orders based on correlation coefficients, generating a test sequence score for a test sequence based on the selected order and determining a function of the test sequence based on the test sequence score and the knowledge base sequence scores.

Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten partiellen direkten oxidation von propan und/oder iso-butan zu acrylsäure und/oder methacrylsäure

Stabilized naked dna compositions

The present invention relates to a method to condense DNA without any high-molecular-weight condensing agents by condensing plasmid DNA with a divalent cation and a lyophilizable alcohol. The invention also relates to an aqueous composition which includes condensed plasmid DNA and a carrier such as a lyophilizable, water-miscible alcohol and a divalent cation.

Festbettverfahren zur herstellung von chlor durch katalytische gasphasen-oxidation von chlorwasserstoff

Stabilized naked dna compositions

The present invention relates to a method to condense DNA without any high-molecular-weight condensing agents by condensing plasmid DNA with a divalent cation and a lyophilizable alcohol. The invention also relates to an aqueous composition which includes condensed plasmid DNA and a carrier such as a lyophilizable, water-miscible alcohol and a divalent cation.

Method for the continuous extraction of (meth)acrylic acid

Activity generating delivery molecules