Methods of Making Filter Apparatus and Fabricating a Porous Ceramic Article

Methods of making a filter apparatus includes the step of creating a filter stack by axially spacing the porous ceramic plates from one another with a plurality of compliant spacers. In another example, the method includes the step of firing the first filter stack to sinter bond the first plurality of porous ceramic plates together with a first spacing element. In another example, the plurality of plates comprise a composition including catalyst particles and a binder material and the plates are fired to form porous plates without sintering a substantial amount of the catalyst particles. Methods of fabricating a porous ceramic article also include providing a porous substrate with a first material composition including mullite and infiltrating the pores of the substrate with a second material composition including cordierite. The method further includes the step of firing the first composition and the second composition to form the porous ceramic article. 1. A method of making a filter apparatus comprising the steps of:providing a plurality of plates with a central aperture, wherein each plate is fabricated from ceramic-forming material; thenfiring the plurality of plates to form a plurality of porous ceramic plates that each include the central aperture, then;creating a filter stack by axially spacing the porous ceramic plates from one another in an axial direction with a plurality of compliant spacers to define a plurality of axially spaced apart radial flow areas, wherein the central apertures of the plurality of porous ceramic plates are positioned along a central flow path, and the radial flow areas alternate in the axial direction between a first set of radial flow areas that are open to the central flow path, and a second set of radial flow areas that are closed to the central flow path; and thenmounting the filter stack within a housing including a first fluid port in fluid communication with the central flow path and a second fluid port in communication ...

Filter Apparatus With Porous Ceramic Plates

A filter apparatus comprises a filter stack including a plurality of porous ceramic plates that are axially spaced from one another to define plurality of axially spaced apart radial flow areas. In one example, the filter stack is mounted within a housing. In further examples, the plurality of porous ceramic plates alternate between a first set of porous ceramic plates that are nested with a second set of porous ceramic plates. In still further examples, at least one of the sides of the porous ceramic plates defines a plurality of radial flutes arranged in a radial array. 1. A filter apparatus comprising:a housing including a first fluid port and a second fluid port,a filter stack mounted within the housing and configured to filter a fluid stream between the fluid ports with the filter stack defining a central flow path in fluid communication with the first fluid port, wherein the filter apparatus includes an outer peripheral flow path in fluid communication with the second fluid port and defined between the filter stack and the housing,the filter stack including a plurality of porous ceramic plates axially spaced from one another in an axial direction of the filter apparatus by a plurality of spacers to define a plurality of axially spaced apart radial flow areas, each porous ceramic plate including a thickness extending between a first side and a second side of the porous ceramic plate, and each porous ceramic plate further including a central aperture extending through the thickness of the plate, the central apertures of the porous ceramic plates positioned along the central flow path,wherein the plurality of axially spaced apart radial flow areas alternate in the axial direction along the central flow path between a first set of radial flow areas open to the central flow path and closed to the outer peripheral flow path, and a second set of radial flow areas closed to the central flow path and open to the outer peripheral flow path.2. The filter apparatus of ...

METHOD FOR MAKING FUSED CERAMIC ARTICLES OF NEAR NET SHAPE

The invention is a solution impregnation and drying treatment that imparts a high temperature binder into an already formed porous green body composed of particulate batch material. The batch material includes inorganic compounds and binder. The result is reduced sag and distortion and the same or increased strength when the porous body is later fused during sintering/firing. 1. A method of forming ceramic articles comprising:providing shaped porous green bodies of particulate batch material, said batch material including inorganic source compounds and binder;forming a homogeneous infiltrating solution which is a sol gel precursor mixture of monomers and oligomers by reacting pre-ceramic organometallic compounds or pre-ceramic metal salts and an organic solvent in the presence of an acid catalyst;infiltrating said porous green bodies with said infiltrating solution to form infiltrated bodies having pores filled with said infiltrating solution; anddrying said infiltrated bodies to remove most of said solvent from said infiltrated bodies and then to form a polymer of said pre-ceramic compound in said infiltrated bodies to form dried bodies.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said porous green bodies are infiltrated with said infiltrating solution by submerging said green bodies in said infiltrating solution claim 1 , further comprising removing said infiltrated bodies from said infiltrating solution and then conducting said drying of said infiltrated bodies.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said pores are filled with said infiltrating solution without applying pressure by submerging said porous bodies in said infiltrating solution for not more than 1 minute.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising firing said dried bodies at a temperature to form fused ceramic articles including first ceramic material derived from said inorganic source compounds fused with second ceramic material derived from said pre-ceramic compound.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said ...

STRENGTHENED 3D PRINTED SURFACE FEATURES AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

Glass articles including one or more 3D printed surface features attached to a surface of a substrate at a contact interface between the 3D printed surface feature and the surface. The 3D printed surface feature(s) include a glass or a glass-ceramic, a compressive stress region at an exterior perimeter surface of the 3D printed surface feature(s), and a central tension region interior of the compressive stress region. The 3D printed surface feature(s) may be formed of a contiguous preformed material 3D printed on a surface of a substrate. The compressive stress region of a 3D printed surface feature may be formed using an ion-exchange process. 1. A glass article comprising:a substrate comprising a surface; a glass or a glass-ceramic,', 'a compressive stress region at an exterior perimeter surface of the 3D printed surface feature, and', 'a central tension region interior of the compressive stress region., 'a 3D printed surface feature disposed on the surface, the 3D printed surface feature attached to the surface at a contact interface between the 3D printed surface feature and the surface, and the 3D printed surface feature comprising2. The glass article of claim 1 , wherein the 3D printed surface feature comprises one ofthe glass and the glass comprises an ion-exchangeable glass material, andthe glass-ceramic and the glass-ceramic comprises an ion-exchangeable glass-ceramic material.3. (canceled)4. The glass article of claim 1 , wherein the 3D printed surface feature comprises a contiguous preformed material.5. The glass article of claim 1 , wherein:the contact interface has a minimum contact dimension,the compressive stress region has a maximum depth measured inward from the exterior perimeter surface at a direction orthogonal to the exterior perimeter surface, andthe minimum contact dimension is at least three times greater than the maximum depth of the compressive stress region.6. The glass article of claim 5 , wherein the minimum contact dimension is at least ...

COMPOSITE LAMINATE WITH HIGH DEPTH OF COMPRESSION

Glass-based articles having a thickness (t) comprise a glass-based core substrate and at least one cladding substrate directly bonded to the glass-based core substrate. A stress profile may comprise a depth of compression (DOC) where the glass-based article has a stress value of zero, the DOC being located at 0.15·t, 0.18·t, 0.21·t, or deeper. The articles may be formed from one or more cladding substrates formed from cladding sheets having a thickness of at least 0.15·t, 0.18·t, 0.21·t, or more. Consumer electronic products may comprise the glass-based articles. Upon lamination, the articles may optionally be further exposed to heat and/or chemical treatments for further strengthening. 1. An article comprising:a thickness (t);a glass-based core substrate;a cladding substrate directly bonded to the glass-based core substrate; anda stress profile comprising a depth of compression (DOC) that is located at 0.15·t or deeper.2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based core substrate has opposing first and second surfaces and the cladding substrate has opposing third and fourth surfaces claim 1 , the third surface being directly bonded to the first surface to provide a core-cladding interface claim 1 , and a compressive stress region of the stress profile begins at the fourth surface and extends to the DOC.3. The article of claim 1 , wherein the cladding substrate is formed from a sheet having a thickness of t claim 1 , which is at least 0.15·t.4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the glass-based core substrate has a core coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the cladding substrate has a cladding coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) claim 1 , wherein the CTEis different from the CTE.5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the DOC is located at 0.25·t or deeper.6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the DOC is in the range of approximately 0.21·t to 0.49·t.7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the t is in a range of 0.1 mm to 10 mm.8. The article of claim 1 , wherein ...

OVERFLOW DOWNDRAW GLASS TUBE FORMING APPARATUS

An apparatus for forming glass tubing is described. The apparatus for forming glass tubing comprises an endless former with an outer surface and an inner passage defining an inner surface. The apparatus for forming glass tubing further comprises two chambers from which molten glass may flow. One chamber flows molten glass to the outer surface of the endless former and another chamber flows molten glass to the inner surface of the endless former. The two flows of molten glass meet at the bottom of the former to form glass tubing. 1. An apparatus for forming glass tubing comprising:an endless former, a first molten glass hold, and a second molten glass hold,wherein the endless former is positioned substantially vertically and comprises an upper portion, an outer surface, and a first inner passage with a first inner surface, the upper portion of the endless former comprises an extension configured to be fixed in order to fix the endless former in a substantially vertical position;wherein the first molten glass hold comprises a first floor, the first floor comprises a first opening configured for positioning of the endless former; the first molten glass hold is positioned so that the first floor is spaced below the extension of the endless former and the endless former is positioned within the opening in the first floor defining a glass flow gap between the endless former and the first floor of the first molten glass hold; the first floor is configured to permit the flow of molten glass toward the endless former such that molten glass may pass through the glass flow gap and down along the outer surface of the endless former; andwherein the second molten glass hold comprises a second floor spaced above the first floor and above the extension of the endless former, the second floor comprises a second opening and a first neck extending downwardly from the second opening; the first neck comprises a second inner passage with a second inner surface; the second floor is ...

Pulling rolls with spring elements having increased angular length for use in glass manufacturing and processes incorporating the same

In one embodiment, a pulling roll for drawing glass sheet in a down-draw process includes a shaft member and a compliant cover assembly positioned on the shaft member. The compliant cover assembly includes at least one traction disk positioned on the shaft member. The at least one traction disk includes an annular hub and a plurality of spring elements integrally formed with the annular hub. The spring elements project outward from the annular hub such that an end of each spring element is positioned radially outward from a base of each spring element and is circumferentially offset relative to the base of each spring element.

Pulling rolls with deflection limitation for use in glass manufacturing and processes incorporating the same

In one embodiment, a pulling roll for drawing glass sheet in a down-draw process includes a shaft member and a compliant cover assembly positioned on the shaft member. The compliant cover assembly includes at least one traction disk and at least one deflection limiting disk positioned on the shaft member. The at least one traction disk includes an annular hub and a plurality of spring elements integrally formed with the annular hub. The at least one deflection limiting disk includes at least one deflection limiting element positioned on each deflection limiting disk. The at least one deflection limiting element engages at least a portion of at least one traction disk upon a predetermined amount of inward radial deflection of the plurality of spring elements, thereby limiting the inward radial deflection of the plurality of spring elements.

LAMINATED AND ION-EXCHANGED STRENGTHENED GLASS LAMINATES

A method of making a glass sheet () comprises laminating a high CTE core glass () to a low CTE clad glass () at high temperatures and allowing the laminate () to cool creating compressive stress in the clad glass (), and then ion exchanging the laminate () to increase the compressive stress in the outer near surface regions of the clad glass (). The core glass () may include ions that exchange with ion in the clad glass () to increase the compressive stress in inner surface regions of the clad glass () adjacent to the clad glass/core glass interfaces. The glass laminate () may be formed and laminated using a fusion forming and laminating process and fusion formable and ion exchangeable glass compositions. 1. A process for making a strengthened laminated glass structure , comprising the steps of:draw forming a core glass having a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to form a core glass sheet;draw forming an ion exchangeable clad glass having a second CTE that is lower than the first CTE to form a clad glass sheet;laminating the core glass sheet to the clad glass sheet at temperature at or above the softening point of at least one of the core glass and the clad glass to form a laminated glass sheet;cooling the laminated glass sheet placing the core glass sheet in a state of tensile stress and placing the clad glass sheet in a state of compressive stress; andperforming an ion exchange process on the laminated glass sheet to create a layer of compressive stress in an outer surface region of the clad glass in addition to the compressive stress created on the clad glass by the laminating and cooling steps.2. A process as in claim 1 , wherein the clad glass has a CTE that is at least 10×10/° C. lower than the CTE of the core glass.3. A process as in claim 1 , wherein the clad glass has a CTE that is lower than the CTE of the core glass by an amount in a range from 10×10/° C. to 70×10/° C. or in a range from 10×10/° C. to 50×10/° C.4. A process as in claim 1 , ...

LAMINATED AND ION-EXCHANGED STRENGTHENED GLASS LAMINATES

A method of making a glass sheet comprises laminating a high CTE core glass to a low CTE clad glass at high temperatures and allowing the laminate to cool creating compressive stress in the clad glass, and then ion exchanging the laminate to increase the compressive stress in the outer near surface regions of the clad glass. The core glass may include ions that exchange with ion in the clad glass to increase the compressive stress in inner surface regions of the clad glass adjacent to the clad glass/core glass interfaces. The glass laminate may be formed and laminated using a fusion forming and laminating process and fusion formable and ion exchangeable glass compositions. 1. A strengthened laminated glass structure comprising:a core glass layer having a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE);a first clad glass layer laminated to a first surface of the core glass layer; anda second clad glass layer laminated to a second surface of the core glass layer;{'sup': '−7', 'wherein each of the first clad glass layer and the second clad glass layer comprises an ion exchangeable alkali aluminosilicate glass having a second CTE that is lower than the first CTE of the core glass layer and less than or equal to 65×10/° C., whereby each of the first clad glass layer and the second clad glass layer is in a state of compressive stress; and'}wherein an ion exchanged outer surface region of each of the first clad glass layer and the second clad glass layer is in a state of enhanced compressive stress compared to the rest of the respective first clad glass layer or second clad glass layer.2. The strengthened laminated glass structure of claim 1 , wherein the second CTE is at least 10×10/° C. lower than the first CTE.3. The strengthened laminated glass structure of claim 1 , wherein the second CTE is lower than the first CTE by an amount in a range from 10×10/° C. to 60×10/° C.4. The strengthened laminated glass structure of claim 1 , wherein the second CTE is lower than the ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DISPLAYING A CONTEXT IMAGE FOR A MULTIMEDIA ASSET

Systems and methods for displaying a context image for a multimedia asset are disclosed. In one embodiment, a system includes a programmable processor, and a display device. In some embodiments, the programmable processor is configured to identify a first multimedia asset being broadcast in a region, determine and retrieve a first context image associated with the first multimedia asset, and direct the display device to display the first context image during the broadcast of the first multimedia asset. 1. A system comprising:a programmable processor; anda display device,wherein the programmable processor is configured to (a) identify a first multimedia asset being broadcast in a region, (b) determine and retrieve a first context image associated with the first multimedia asset, and (c) direct the display device to display the first context image during the broadcast of the first multimedia asset.2. The system of further comprising an enclosure and matting to surround the display device.3. The system of wherein the enclosure and matting cause a visible portion of the display device to be a traditional size of a vinyl LP record jacket.4. The system of wherein the first multimedia asset is a music track from a larger musical album release claim 1 , and the context image is album cover art associated with the larger musical album release.5. The system of further comprising a gesture sensor claim 1 , wherein the gesture sensor is configured to detect body gestures of a person claim 1 , identify a command associated with a first body gesture claim 1 , and transmit the command associated with the first body gesture to a device controlling playback of the first multimedia asset.6. The system of wherein the command associated with the first body gesture is a pause command claim 5 , a play command claim 5 , a next track command claim 5 , a previous track command claim 5 , or a power down command.7. The system of further comprising a light meter that transmits a level of light ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING LAMINATED GLASS ARTICLES WITH IMPROVED EDGE CONDITION

A method of manufacturing a laminated glass article having a first clad layer, a second clad layer, and a core layer between the first clad layer and the second clad layer, by exposing an edge of the core layer. An etchant can be applied to the edge of the laminated glass article to form the recess. The recess can then be filled. 1. A laminated glass article comprising:a first clad layer;a second clad layer;a core layer between the first clad layer and the second clad layer;a recess in an edge of the laminated glass article and disposed between the first clad layer and the second clad layer; anda filler material disposed within the recess.2. The laminated glass article of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the laminated glass article is about 4 mm or less.3. The laminated glass article of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of each of the first clad layer and the second clad layer is from about 10 μm to about 200 μm.4. The laminated glass article of claim 1 , wherein the core layer has a higher or the same coefficient of thermal expansion than the first clad layer and the second clad layer.5. The laminated glass article of claim 1 , wherein the filler material comprises a polymer filler material.6. The laminated glass article of claim 5 , wherein the polymer filler material is a member selected from the group consisting of 2-part epoxies claim 5 , 2-part urethanes claim 5 , 2-part acrylics claim 5 , 2-part silicones claim 5 , moisture-cure urethanes claim 5 , moisture-cure epoxies claim 5 , phenolics claim 5 , novolacs claim 5 , urea formaldehyde claim 5 , melamine formaldehyde claim 5 , crosslinking acrylics claim 5 , crosslinking vinyls claim 5 , alkyds claim 5 , unsaturated polyesters claim 5 , polyimides claim 5 , and polyamides.7. The laminated glass article of claim 1 , wherein the laminated glass article comprises a laminated glass sheet.8. The laminated glass article of claim 1 , wherein the laminated glass article comprises a laminated glass tube.9. An electronic ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING LAMINATED GLASS ARTICLES WITH IMPROVED EDGE CONDITION

A method of manufacturing a laminated glass article having a first clad layer, a second clad layer, and a core layer between the first clad layer and the second clad layer, by exposing an edge of the core layer. An etchant can be applied to the edge of the laminated glass article to form the recess. The recess can then be filled. 1. A method of manufacturing a laminated glass article comprising a glass first clad layer , a glass second clad layer , a glass core layer between the first clad layer and the second clad layer , and an edge , each of the first clad layer and the second clad layer fused to the core layer , the method comprising:applying an etchant to the edge of the laminated glass article, the core layer exposed at the edge;forming a recess in the edge of the laminated glass article by removing at least a portion of the core layer with the etchant, wherein the recess spans between the first clad layer and the second clad layer; andfilling the recess.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the etchant etches the core layer faster than the first clad layer and the second clad layer.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the core layer is at least about 5 times more soluble in the etchant than the first clad layer and the second clad layer.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the laminated glass article is about 4 mm or less and a thickness of each of the first clad layer and the second clad layer is from about 10 μm to about 200 μm.5. (canceled)6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the core layer has a coefficient of thermal expansion the same as or higher than a coefficient of thermal expansion of each of the first clad layer and the second clad layer.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein an etch rate of the first clad layer and the second clad layer is from about 0.10 μm/min to about 1.00 μm/min claim 1 , and an etch rate of the core layer is from about 2.00 μm/min to about 5.00 μm/min.8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the etchant comprises hydrofluoric ...

LAMINATED AND ION-EXCHANGED STRENGTHENED GLASS LAMINATES

A method of making a glass sheet comprises laminating a high CTE core glass to a low CTE clad glass at high temperatures and allowing the laminate to cool creating compressive stress in the clad glass, and then ion exchanging the laminate to increase the compressive stress in the outer near surface regions of the clad glass. The core glass may include ions that exchange with ion in the clad glass to increase the compressive stress in inner surface regions of the clad glass adjacent to the clad glass/core glass interfaces. The glass laminate may be formed and laminated using a fusion forming and laminating process and fusion formable and ion exchangeable glass compositions. 1. A strengthened laminated glass structure comprising:a core glass layer having a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE);a first clad glass layer laminated to a first surface of the core glass layer; anda second clad glass layer laminated to a second surface of the core glass layer;wherein each of the first clad glass layer and the second clad glass layer comprises an ion exchangeable glass having a second CTE that is lower than the first CTE of the core glass layer, whereby each of the first clad glass layer and the second clad glass layer is in a state of compressive stress; andwherein a buried compressive stress region of each of the first clad glass layer and the second clad glass layer is in a state of enhanced compressive stress.2. The strengthened laminated glass structure of claim 1 , wherein the ion exchangeable glass of each of the first clad glass layer and the second clad glass layer is an alkali aluminosilicate glass.3. The strengthened laminated glass structure of claim 1 , wherein the buried compressive stress region of each of the first clad glass layer and the second clad glass layer is in the state of enhanced compressive stress compared to a non-ion-exchanged region of the respective first clad glass layer or second clad glass layer.4. The strengthened laminated glass ...

High throughput electro-thermal poling

An apparatus for continuous electro-thermal poling of glass or glass ceramic material, includes a lower support conveying and contacting electrode structure, an upper contacting electrode structure positioned above the lower support structure, and one or more DC bias voltage sources connected to one or both of the upper contacting structure and the lower support structure. A process for continuous electro-thermal poling of glass or glass ceramic sheets or substrates includes heating the sheet or substrate, feeding the sheet or substrate continuously or continually, while applying a DC voltage bias, and cooling the sheet or substrate to within 0-30° C. of ambient temperature.

Mica rolls for use in glass manufacturing processes and methods for making the same

Push roll spools for engaging and driving softened glass tubes over a shaping mandrel. A push roll spool for use in processing a glass tube may comprise a base having first and second axially spaced ends, and multiple sheets of heat resistant material disposed on the base between the axially spaced ends, forming an axially extending stack. The stack may have a circumferential, generally U-section groove having a profile defined by the peripheral edges of multiple said sheets having different diameters. The U-section groove may be sized to engage and drive a glass tube. The U-section groove may have two contact areas at which to engage and drive a glass tube. The heat resistant material may comprise mica or a mica composition, for example mica paper or ceramic fiber millboard.

METHODS OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING FOR GLASS STRUCTURES

A method for forming a structure includes providing a glass or glass ceramic tubular structure () having an interior () and exterior surface () and at least a partially closed end region (); heating the glass or glass ceramic tubular structure () to at least its softening point by: providing a laser beam; directing the laser beam () down the interior surface of the glass or glass ceramic tubular structure (), at least some of the laser beam () directed at an angle greater than a predetermined incidence angle; and the laser beam () impinging on the closed end region () where at least some of the laser beam () is absorbed by the closed end region () of the glass or glass ceramic tubular structure; and moving at least one of: the glass or glass ceramic tubular structure or the end region relative to each other to form at least a two-dimensional shape from the glass or glass ceramic tubular structure. 1. A method for forming a structure comprising:providing a glass or glass ceramic tubular structure having an interior and exterior surface and at least a partially closed end region;heating the glass or glass ceramic tubular structure to at least its softening point by:(i) providing a laser beam;(ii) directing the laser beam down the interior surface of the glass or glass ceramic tubular structure;(iii) wherein at least some of the laser beam is directed at an angle greater than a predetermined incidence angle; and(iv) the laser beam impinges on the closed end region such that at least some of the laser beam is absorbed by the closed end region of the glass or glass ceramic tubular structure; andmoving at least one of: the glass or glass ceramic tubular structure or the end region relative to each other such that at least a two-dimensional shape is formed from the glass or glass ceramic tubular structure.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of providing the laser beam comprises directing the laser beam into the glass or glass ceramic tubular structure via an ...

Method and system for printing 3d objects

A method of printing a 3D object includes feeding one or more preformed materials from a feed outlet into a build zone in which a hot spot is located and using the hot spot to selectively heat the one or more preformed materials to a viscous state. Object layers are formed by depositing portions of the preformed materials on a build surface, or on another object layer on the build surface, while effecting relative motion between the build surface and the feed outlet.

LAMINATED AND ION-EXCHANGED STRENGTHENED GLASS LAMINATES

A method of making a glass sheet comprises laminating a high CTE core glass to a low CTE clad glass at high temperatures and allowing the laminate to cool creating compressive stress in the clad glass, and then ion exchanging the laminate to increase the compressive stress in the outer near surface regions of the clad glass. The core glass may include ions that exchange with ion in the clad glass to increase the compressive stress in inner surface regions of the clad glass adjacent to the clad glass/core glass interfaces. The glass laminate may be formed and laminated using a fusion forming and laminating process and fusion formable and ion exchangeable glass compositions. 1. A strengthened laminated glass structure comprising:a core glass layer having a first coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE);a first clad glass layer laminated to a first surface of the core glass layer; anda second clad glass layer laminated to a second surface of the core glass layer;wherein each of the first clad glass layer and the second clad glass layer comprises an ion exchangeable glass having a second CTE that is lower than the first CTE of the core glass layer; andwherein an ion-exchanged region of each of the first clad glass layer and the second clad glass layer is under a compressive stress that is enhanced relative to a compressive stress of a non-ion-exchanged region of the respective first clad glass layer or second clad glass layer.2. The strengthened laminated glass structure of claim 1 , wherein the enhanced compressive stress of the ion-exchanged region varies continuously with increasing depth of layer (DOL) from an outer surface of the respective first clad glass layer or second clad glass layer.3. The strengthened laminated glass structure of claim 2 , wherein the enhanced compressive stress decreases with increasing DOL in a portion of the ion-exchanged region.4. The strengthened laminated glass structure of claim 2 , wherein the enhanced compressive stress increases ...

OVERFLOW DOWNDRAW GLASS TUBE FORMING APPARATUS

An apparatus for forming glass tubing is described. The apparatus for forming glass tubing comprises an endless former with an outer surface and an inner passage defining an inner surface. The apparatus for forming glass tubing further comprises two chambers from which molten glass may flow. One chamber flows molten glass to the outer surface of the endless former and another chamber flows molten glass to the inner surface of the endless former. The two flows of molten glass meet at the bottom of the former to form glass tubing. 1. An apparatus for forming glass tubing comprising:an endless former and a molten glass hold,wherein the endless former is configured to be positioned substantially vertically and comprises a lower portion, a middle portion, an upper portion, an outer surface and an inner passage with an inner surface;wherein the molten glass hold has a first floor, the first floor comprises a first opening configured for positioning of the endless former therethrough; and a second floor spaced above the first floor, the second floor comprises a second opening configured to accommodate the endless former;wherein the molten glass hold is configured to engage the endless former such that the upper portion of the endless former engages the second opening of the second floor to fix the position of the endless former relative to the molten glass hold, the middle portion of the endless former extends between the first and second floors, and the lower portion of the endless former extends through and below the first floor; the endless former together with the first floor define a glass flow gap between the endless former and the first floor of the molten glass hold;wherein the first floor is configured to permit the flow of molten glass toward the endless former such that the molten glass may pass through the glass flow gap and down along the outer surface of the endless former; andwherein the second floor is in fluid communication with the inner passage, the ...

THIN GLASS SHEET AND SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FORMING THE SAME

A method includes heating a glass preform having a plurality of glass layers and drawing the glass preform in a distal direction to form a drawn glass sheet extending distally from the glass preform and having the plurality of glass layers. The drawn glass sheet is thinner than the glass preform. The drawn glass sheet can be rolled onto a collection spool. At least a portion of a glass layer can be removed from the drawn glass sheet. An exemplary glass sheet includes a first glass layer, a second glass layer adjacent to the first glass layer, and a thickness of at most about 0.1 mm. An exemplary ion exchanged glass sheet includes a thickness of at most about 0.1 mm and a surface layer that is under a compressive stress and extends into an interior of the glass sheet to a depth of layer. 1. A method comprising:contacting a first glass composition in a viscous state with a second glass composition in a viscous state to form a glass preform comprising a plurality of glass layers;drawing the glass preform in a distal direction to form a drawn glass sheet extending distally from the glass preform and comprising the plurality of glass layers, a thickness of the drawn glass sheet being less than a thickness of the glass preform; androlling the drawn glass sheet onto a collection spool.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass preform comprises a unitary laminate structure comprising the plurality of glass layers.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein:a preform thickness ratio of each of the plurality of glass layers comprises a ratio of a thickness of the respective glass layer in the glass preform to the thickness of the glass preform;a sheet thickness ratio of each of the plurality of glass layers comprises a ratio of the thickness of the respective glass layer in the drawn glass sheet to the thickness of the drawn glass sheet; andthe preform thickness ratio of each of the plurality of glass layers is substantially the same as the sheet thickness ratio of the respective ...

Method and system for making 3d glass, glass-ceramic and ceramic objects

A apparatus for making a three-dimensional object (glass, glass ceramic or ceramic) that includes: a gripping fixture 102 a having a grip surface or a pedestal 102 having a build surface 130, the grip or build surface configured to hold an end of a contiguous, preformed material 106, such as a fiber or a ribbon; a feed system 100 having a feed outlet 118 positioned above the grip or build surface, the feed system configured to feed the contiguous, preformed material into a build zone between the feed outlet and the grip or build surface; and a laser delivery system 134 arranged to direct at least one laser beam through the furnace 132 and into the build zone to form a hot spot 126 in the build zone; and a positioning system 120 arranged to effect relative motion between the grip or build surface and the feed outlet. In some implementations, the apparatus for making a 3 D object can also include a furnace 132 enclosing the build zone and the feed outlet.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MAKING 3D GLASS, GLASS-CERAMIC AND CERAMIC OBJECTS

A apparatus for making a three-dimensional object that includes: a gripping fixture having a grip surface or a pedestal having a build surface, the grip or build surface configured to hold an end of a contiguous, preformed material; a feed system having a feed outlet positioned above the grip or build surface, the feed system configured to feed the contiguous, preformed material into a build zone between the feed outlet and the grip or build surface; and a laser delivery system arranged to direct at least one laser beam through the furnace and into the build zone to form a hot spot in the build zone; and a positioning system arranged to effect relative motion between the grip or build surface and the feed outlet. In some implementations, the apparatus for making a 3D object can also include a furnace enclosing the build zone and the feed outlet. 1. A method of making a three-dimensional object , comprising:developing a hot spot in a build zone located between a feed outlet and a build surface;feeding a contiguous, preformed material through the feed outlet into the build zone and using the hot spot to selectively heat an attachment end of the contiguous, preformed material to a viscous state;attaching the attachment end in a viscous state to the build surface;feeding the contiguous, preformed material through the feed outlet into the build zone and using the hot spot to selectively heat a build portion of the contiguous, preformed material above the attachment end to a viscous state; andforming the object in the build zone by effecting relative motion of the build portion and the feed outlet according to an object creation pattern,wherein the object creation pattern is based at least in part on a description of a three-dimensional object.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of developing a hot spot comprises directing at least one laser beam into the build zone.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of developing a hot spot comprises directing at least ...

Pre-form for and methods of forming a hollow-core slotted PBG optical fiber for an environmental sensor

A preform for forming a hollow-core, slotted photonic band-gap (PBG) optical fiber for use in an environmental sensor, and methods of forming such a fiber using the preform are disclosed. The preform comprises a slotted cladding tube that surrounds a slotted, hollow-core PBG cane. The slots in the cladding tube and PBG cane are longitudinally formed and substantially aligned with each other. When the preform is drawn, the slots merge to form an elongated side opening or slot in the resulting hollow-core PBG fiber.

Ball valve

BALL VALVE

Thin glass sheet and system and method for forming the same

A method includes heating a glass preform having a plurality of glass layers and drawing the glass preform in a distal direction to form a drawn glass sheet extending distally from the glass preform and having the plurality of glass layers. The drawn glass sheet is thinner than the glass preform. The drawn glass sheet can be rolled onto a collection spool. At least a portion of a glass layer can be removed from the drawn glass sheet. An exemplary glass sheet includes a first glass layer, a second glass layer adjacent to the first glass layer, and a thickness of at most about 0.1 mm. An exemplary ion exchanged glass sheet includes a thickness of at most about 0.1 mm and a surface layer that is under a compressive stress and extends into an interior of the glass sheet to a depth of layer.

Overflow downdraw glass tube forming apparatus

An apparatus for forming glass tubing is described. The apparatus for forming glass tubing comprises an endless former with an outer surface and an inner passage defining an inner surface. The apparatus for forming glass tubing further comprises two chambers from which molten glass may flow. One chamber flows molten glass to the outer surface of the endless former and another chamber flows molten glass to the inner surface of the endless former. The two flows of molten glass meet at the bottom of the former to form glass tubing.

Pull-rolls for use in glass manufacturing processes and methods for making the same

Pulling rolls for used in forming glass ribbons with reduced defects and cracking are disclosed. In one embodiment, the pulling roll may include a shaft member and a roll assembly. The roll assembly may be positioned on the shaft member for rotation with the shaft member. The roll assembly may include an axially compressed stack of ring elements formed from an inorganic material such as mica paper. The mica paper may include layers of overlapping mica platelets oriented substantially in parallel with one another. A contact surface of the roll assembly may have a Shore D hardness greater than or equal to about 10 and less than or equal to about 60.

Laminated and ion-exchanged strengthened glass laminates

A method of making a glass sheet comprises laminating a high CTE core glass to a low CTE clad glass at high temperatures and allowing the laminate to cool creating compressive stress in the clad glass, and then ion exchanging the laminate to increase the compressive stress in the outer near surface regions of the clad glass. The core glass may include ions that exchange with ion in the clad glass to increase the compressive stress in inner surface regions of the clad glass adjacent to the clad glass/core glass interfaces. The glass laminate may be formed and laminated using a fusion forming and laminating process and fusion formable and ion exchangeable glass compositions.

Strengthened 3D printed surface features and methods of making the same

Glass articles including one or more 3D printed surface features attached to a surface of a substrate at a contact interface between the 3D printed surface feature and the surface. The 3D printed surface feature(s) include a glass or a glass-ceramic, a compressive stress region at an exterior perimeter surface of the 3D printed surface feature(s), and a central tension region interior of the compressive stress region. The 3D printed surface feature(s) may be formed of a contiguous preformed material 3D printed on a surface of a substrate. The compressive stress region of a 3D printed surface feature may be formed using an ion-exchange process.

Pull-rolls for use in glass manufacturing processes and methods for making the same

Pulling rolls for used in forming glass ribbons with reduced defects and cracking are disclosed. In one embodiment, the pulling roll may include a shaft member and a roll assembly. The roll assembly may be positioned on the shaft member for rotation with the shaft member. The roll assembly may include an axially compressed stack of ring elements formed from an inorganic material such as mica paper. The mica paper may include layers of overlapping mica platelets oriented substantially in parallel with one another. A contact surface of the roll assembly may have a Shore D hardness greater than or equal to about 10 and less than or equal to about 60.

Pulling rolls with flexible spring elements extending outwards for use in glass manufacturing and process of incorporating the same

In one embodiment, a pulling roll for drawing glass sheet in a down-draw process includes a shaft member and a compliant cover assembly positioned on the shaft member. The compliant cover assembly includes at least one traction disk positioned on the shaft member. The at least one traction disk includes an annular hub and a plurality of spring elements integrally formed with the annular hub. The spring elements project outward from the annular hub such that an end of each spring element is positioned radially outward from a base of each spring element and is circumferentially offset relative to the base of each spring element.

Thin walled core band-gap waveguides

用於玻璃製造程序中之拉引軋輥及結合此種拉引軋輥之玻璃製造程序

在一個實施例中，用於在下拉程序中拉伸玻璃片之拉引軋輥包括軸部件及定位在軸部件上之韌性蓋組件。韌性蓋組件包括定位在軸部件上之至少一個牽引盤。至少一個牽引盤包括環形輪轂及與環形輪轂一體形成之複數個彈簧元件。彈簧元件自環形輪轂向外突出以使得每一彈簧元件之自由端自每一彈簧元件之底端向外徑向定位。彈簧元件中之每一彈簧元件具有在自約2lbf/mm至約2000lbf/mm之範圍中之彈簧常數。當韌性蓋組件與玻璃片之平坦表面嚙合時，彈簧元件朝環形輪轂之中心向內徑向偏轉，從而防止損傷玻璃片。

在玻璃製造中使用的具有撓度限制的拉輥、以及包含該拉輥的處理

在一個實施例中，在下拉製程中用於拉伸玻璃片之拉輥包括軸構件及定位在該軸構件上之順應式蓋組件。該順應式蓋組件包括定位在軸構件上之至少一個牽引圓盤及至少一個撓度限制圓盤。該至少一個牽引圓盤包括環形轂及與該環形轂一體形成之複數個彈簧元件。該至少一個撓度限制圓盤包括定位在每一撓度限制圓盤上之至少一個撓度限制元件。該至少一個撓度限制元件基於複數個彈簧元件之預定量之向內徑向撓度嚙合至少一個牽引圓盤之至少一部分，從而限制該等複數個彈簧元件之向內徑向撓度。

Pulling rolls with deflection limitation for use in glass manufacturing and processes incorporating the same

In one embodiment, a pulling roll for drawing glass sheet in a down-draw process includes a shaft member and a compliant cover assembly positioned on the shaft member. The compliant cover assembly includes at least one traction disk and at least one deflection limiting disk positioned on the shaft member. The at least one traction disk includes an annular hub and a plurality of spring elements integrally formed with the annular hub. The at least one deflection limiting disk includes at least one deflection limiting element positioned on each deflection limiting disk. The at least one deflection limiting element engages at least a portion of at least one traction disk upon a predetermined amount of inward radial deflection of the plurality of spring elements, thereby limiting the inward radial deflection of the plurality of spring elements.

High throughput electro-thermal poling

An apparatus for continuous electro-thermal poling of glass or glass ceramic material, includes a lower support conveying and contacting electrode structure, an upper contacting electrode structure positioned above the lower support structure, and one or more DC bias voltage sources connected to one or both of the upper contacting structure and the lower support structure. A process for continuous electro-thermal poling of glass or glass ceramic sheets or substrates includes heating the sheet or substrate, feeding the sheet or substrate continuously or continually, while applying a DC voltage bias, and cooling the sheet or substrate to within 0-30° C. of ambient temperature.

Preferential etching method of forming a microstructure for an optical fibre

A method of fabricating a microstructure for an optical waveguide such as a photonic bandgap fiber is provided. The method includes the steps of assembling a stack of capillary tubes having substantially identical dimensions, fusing and redrawing the stack into a preform having a plurality of parallel holes of equal diameter, selecting a pattern of the holes for etching in order to increase their diameter, and plugging the unselected holes at one end of the preform against the flow of a pressurized etching fluid. Such plugging of the unselected holes is accomplished applying a layer of a gel-like sealant over the end of the preform, and then pushing the sealant into the holes to form sealant plugs in all of the holes. The sealant plugs are then removed from the selected holes by punching the sealant plugs out of the selected holes. The selected holes are then etched by conducting a pressurized flow of etching fluid to the end of the preform such that etching fluid flows only through the pattern of selected holes. The resulting preform is then fused and drawn into an optical waveguide, where the pattern of etched and unetched holes may form, for example, the microstructure for a photonic bandgap optical fiber.

Glass with nanoscale surface features from thermal poling and methods for forming the same

A glass substrate with modified surface regions is disclosed. The glass substrate includes a first side and an opposite second side, an alkali-containing bulk disposed between the first and second sides, and a first alkali-depleted region formed in the alkali-containing bulk on the first side. The first alkali-depleted region defines at least a portion of a first topographical feature. The first topographic feature includes a height that extends in a first direction from a base portion of the first topographical feature to an outermost portion of the first topographical feature. The first direction is oriented parallel to a thickness of the glass substrate between the first and second sides. The first topographic feature also includes a width that extends in a second direction between at least two, spaced apart wall portions of the first topographical feature. The second direction is oriented normal to the first direction.

High throughput electro-thermal poling

An apparatus for continuous electro-thermal poling of glass or glass ceramic material, includes a lower support conveying and contacting electrode structure, an upper contacting electrode structure positioned above the lower support structure, and one or more DC bias voltage sources connected to one or both of the upper contacting structure and the lower support structure. A process for continuous electro-thermal poling of glass or glass ceramic sheets or substrates includes heating the sheet or substrate, feeding the sheet or substrate continuously or continually, while applying a DC voltage bias, and cooling the sheet or substrate to within 0-30° C. of ambient temperature.

Glass with modified surface regions and methods and apparatuses for forming the same via electro-thermal poling and field-assisted ion exchange

A glass substrate with modified surface regions is disclosed. The glass substrate includes an alkali-containing bulk, a first alkali-depleted region, a second alkali-depleted region, and a first ion-exchanged region. The alkali-containing bulk has a first surface and a second surface with the first and second surfaces on opposite sides. The first alkali-depleted region extends into the alkali-containing bulk from the first surface. The second alkali-depleted region extends into the alkali-containing bulk from the second surface. The first ion-exchanged region extends into the alkali-containing bulk from the first surface. The first alkali-depleted region, the second alkali-depleted region, and the first ion-exchanged region each have a substantially homogenous composition. A method of forming the glass substrate is disclosed. The method includes simultaneously forming the first alkali-depleted region and the first ion-exchanged region in the first surface. The method also includes near-simultaneously forming the second alkali-depleted region in the second surface.

Laminated and ion-exchanged strengthened glass laminates

A method of making a glass sheet ( 10 ) comprises laminating a high CTE core glass ( 11 ) to a low CTE clad glass ( 12 ) at high temperatures and allowing the laminate ( 10 ) to cool creating compressive stress in the clad glass ( 12 ), and then ion exchanging the laminate ( 10 ) to increase the compressive stress in the outer near surface regions of the clad glass ( 12 ). The core glass ( 11 ) may include ions that exchange with ion in the clad glass ( 12 ) to increase the compressive stress in inner surface regions of the clad glass ( 12 ) adjacent to the clad glass/core glass interfaces. The glass laminate ( 10 ) may be formed and laminated using a fusion forming and laminating process and fusion formable and ion exchangeable glass compositions.