PROCESS FOR THE DIRECT AMINATION OF SECONDARY ALCOHOLS BY MEANS OF AMMONIA TO FORM PRIMARY AMINES

The invention provides a process for preparing primary amines, comprising the steps of A) providing a solution of a secondary alcohol in a fluid, non-gaseous phase, B) contacting the phase with free ammonia and/or with at least one ammonia donor compound and a homogeneous catalyst, and optionally C) isolating the primary amine formed in step B), characterized in that the ratio of the volume of the liquid phase to the volume of the gas phase in step B)is greater than or equal to 0.25 and/or in that the ammonia in step B) is used in a molar ratio, relative to the hydroxyl groups in the secondary alcohol, of at least 5:1.

Chromium-and nickel-free hydrogenation of hydroformylation mixtures

Verfahren zur homogen-katalysierte, hochselektiven direkten Aminierung von primären Alkoholen mit Ammoniak zu primären Aminen bei hohem Volumenverhältnis von Flüssig- zu Gasphase und/oder hohen Drücken

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von primären Aminen umfassend die Verfahrensschritte A) Bereitstellung einer Lösung eines primären Alkohols in einer fluiden, nicht gasförmigen Phase, B) in Kontakt Bringen der Phase mit freiem Ammoniak und/oder mindestens einer Ammoniak freisetzenden Verbindung und einem homogenen Katalysator und gegebenenfalls C) Isolierung des in Verfahrensschritt B) gebildeten primären Amins, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Volumenverhältnis des Volumens der Flüssigphase zu dem Volumen der Gasphase im Verfahrensschritt B größer 0,05 ist und/oder dass Verfahrensschritt B bei Drücken größer als 10 bar durchgeführt wird. The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of primary amines comprising the process steps A) providing a solution of a primary alcohol in a fluid, non-gaseous phase, B) bringing the phase into contact with free ammonia and / or at least one ammonia-releasing compound and a homogeneous catalyst and optionally C) isolation of the primary amine formed in process step B), characterized in that the volume ratio of the volume of the liquid phase to the volume of the gas phase in process step B is greater than 0.05 and / or that process step B at pressures greater than 10 bar is carried out.

PROCESS FOR THE HOMOGENEOUSLY CATALYSED, HIGHLY SELECTIVE DIRECT AMINATION OF PRIMARY ALCOHOLS BY MEANS OF AMMONIA TO FORM PRIMARY AMINES AT A HIGH VOLUME RATIO OF LIQUID PHASE TO GAS PHASE AND/OR HIGH PRESSURES

The present invention provides a process for preparing primary amines, comprising the steps of A) providing a solution of a primary alcohol in a fluid, non-gaseous phase, B) contacting the phase with free ammonia and/or at least one ammonia-releasing compound and a homogeneous catalyst, and optionally C) isolating the primary amine formed in step B), characterized in that the volume ratio of the volume of the liquid phase to the volume of the gas phase in step B is greater than 0.05 and/or that step B is carried out at pressures greater than 10 bar.

Oxoderivate des Limonens

Gegenstände der Erfindung sind: 1. Konstitutionsisomere Dialdehyde der Formeln (Ia) und (Ic):sowie eine Zusammensetzung, die neben den konstitutionsisomeren Dialdehyden (Ia) und (Ic) einen Aldehyd der Formel (III): ...

PROCESS FOR THE DIRECT AMINATION OF ALCOHOLS BY MEANS OF AMMONIA TO PRIMARY AMINES USING A XANTPHOS CATALYST SYSTEM

The present invention relates to a chemocatalytic liquid-phase process for the direct single-stage amination of alcohols to primary amines using ammonia in high yields by means of a catalyst system containing at least one transition metal compound and a xantphos ligand.

Process for the direct amination of alcohols using ammonia to form primary amines by means of a xantphos catalyst system

The present invention relates to a chemocatalytic liquid-phase process for the direct one-stage amination of alcohols to primary amines by means of ammonia in high yields using a catalyst system containing at least one transition metal compound and a xantphos ligand.

METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION BY FERMENTATION OF (3 -HYDROXY) PROPIONALDEHYDE IN THE PRESENCE OF SEMICARBAZIDE OR CARBOHYDRAZIDE

Enzymatic method for producing aldehydes AbstractThe invention relates to methods for producing aldehydes and the oxidation and reduction products thereof. No suitable figure.

CHROMIUM-AND NICKEL-FREE HYDROGENATION OF HYDROFORMYLATION MIXTURES

The invention is concerned with catalysts for heterogeneous hydrogenation of oxo process aldehydes. The problem addressed by the invention is that of developing a catalyst containing neither chromium nor nickel. In addition, it is to enable the economically viable hydrogenation of aldehyde mixtures originating from industrial oxo processes on the industrial scale. For this purpose, the catalyst should not be reliant on costly precious metals such as Ru, Pd or Pt. This problem was solved by omitting the chromium and nickel in the preparation of a conventional Cu/Ni/Cr system, such that a catalyst wherein only copper occurs as hydrogenation-active component on the support material thereof, and not chromium or nickel, is obtained. What is surprising here is that a functioning catalyst for the purpose intended still arises at all even though two of three hydrogenation-active metals are omitted. However, this requires as necessary conditions that support material used is silicon dioxide and that the content of Cu and SiO2 in the active catalyst is set accurately within very tight limits.

CONTINUOUSLY OPERABLE METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBONYL COMPOUNDS BY MEANS OF A CATALYST CONTAINING A NITROXYL RADICAL

The invention relates to a method for the oxidation of a primary or secondary alcohol, preferably to form an aldehyde or ketone, comprising the following steps: a) providing a catalyst composition comprising at least one compound containing a nitroxyl radical, at least one NO source, at least one carbon or mineral acid or an anhydride of a carbon or mineral acid; b) producing a reaction mixture by adding at least one primary or secondary alcohol and a gas comprising oxygen and optionally one or more than one solvent to the catalyst composition from step a) or step e); c) incubating the reaction mixture from step b) at a temperature of between 0 and 100°C or at the boiling point of the solvent; d) simultaneously with or subsequent to step c): crystallizing the reaction product; and e) recovering the catalyst composition by removing the crystallized reaction product from the reaction mixture obtained in step d).

CHROMIUM-FREE HYDROGENATION OF HYDROFORMYLATION MIXTURE

The present invention relates to a method for preparing alcohol through hydrogenation of an aldehyde, wherein a mixture containing at least one aldehyde and at least one accompanying ingredient is in contact with a non-homogeneous catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to provide a product mixture at least containing alcohol corresponding to hydrogenated aldehyde and at least one byproduct, and the catalyst comprises a support material and nickel and copper applied thereto. The objective of the present invention suggests a chromium-free catalyst suitable for the method. Moreover, the catalyst is suitable for hydrogenation of aldehyde mixture having different chain lengths, particularly materials derived from different hydroformylation and having C=C double bonds. Surprisingly, the objective of the prevent invention is accomplished through the production of a catalyst by eliminating chromium during the preparation of a conventional Cu/Ni/Cr system to obtain a catalyst having copper and nickel ...

CHROMIUM- AND NICKEL-FREE HYDROGENATION OF HYDROFORMYLATION MIXTURES

The present invention relates to catalysts for heterogeneous hydrogenation of oxo process aldehydes. The problem addressed by the present invention is to develop a catalyst containing neither chromium nor nickel. In addition, the present invention is intended to enable the economically viable hydrogenation of aldehyde mixtures originating from industrial oxo processes on the industrial scale. For this purpose, the catalyst should not be reliant on costly precious metals such as Ru, Pd or Pt. This problem was solved by omitting chromium and nickel in the preparation of a conventional Cu/Ni/Cr system, such that a catalyst wherein only copper, not chromium or nickel, is present as a hydrogenation-active component on a support material thereof, is obtained. What is surprising in the present invention is that a functioning catalyst for the intended purpose still arises even though two of three hydrogenation-active metals are omitted. However, this requires as necessary conditions that a support ...

Chromium-free hydrogenation of hydroformylation mixtures

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of alcohols by hydrogenation of aldehydes, in which use mixture comprising at least one aldehyde and at least one accompanying component is brought into contact, in the presence of hydrogen, with a heterogeneous catalyst, giving a product mixture which comprises at least the alcohol corresponding to the hydrogenated aldehyde, and at least one by-product, where the catalyst comprises a support material, and nickel and copper applied thereto. The object of the invention is to indicate a chromium-free catalyst suitable for such a process. Moreover, the catalyst should be suitable for hydrogenating aldehyde mixtures with different chain lengths, in particular those which originate from different hydroformylations and can also comprise substances with C=C double bonds. Surprisingly, this object is achieved by omitting the chromium during the preparation of a classic Cu/Ni/Cr system, such that a catalyst is obtained on whose support material ...

CONTINUOUSLY OPERABLE METHOD FOR PRODUCING CARBONYL COMPOUNDS BY MEANS OF A CATALYST CONTAINING A NITROXYL RADICAL

The invention relates to a method for the oxidation of a primary or secondary alcohol, preferably to form an aldehyde or ketone, comprising the following steps: a) providing a catalyst composition comprising at least one compound containing a nitroxyl radical, at least one NO source, at least one carbon or mineral acid or an anhydride of a carbon or mineral acid; b) producing a reaction mixture by adding at least one primary or secondary alcohol and a gas comprising oxygen and optionally one or more than one solvent to the catalyst composition from step a) or step e); c) incubating the reaction mixture from step b) at a temperature of between 0 and 100° C. or at the boiling point of the solvent; d) simultaneously with or subsequent to step c): crystallizing the reaction product; and e) recovering the catalyst composition by removing the crystallized reaction product from the reaction mixture obtained in step d). 1. A method for oxidizing a primary or secondary alcohol , the method comprising:a) preparing a reaction mixture by adding at least one primary or secondary alcohol and a gas comprising oxygen and optionally also one or more solvents to a catalyst composition comprising a nitroxyl radical-comprising compound, a NO source, and a carboxylic or mineral acid or an anhydride of a carboxylic or mineral acid,b) incubating the reaction mixture at a temperature between 0 and 100° C. or at a boiling point of the solvent, to obtain a reaction product,c) crystallizing the reaction product during or after b), andd) recovering the catalyst composition by removing the crystallized reaction product after c).2. The method of claim 1 , comprising repeating a) to d) at least once claim 1 , wherein the catalyst composition recovered in d) is used in each repetition of a).3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the primary or secondary alcohol is an aliphatic claim 1 , cycloaliphatic or aromatic alcohol.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol is a polyhydric alcohol.5. The ...

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines geträgerten Katalysators für die Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid, dieser geträgerte Katalysator sowie ein Verfahren zur Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines geträgerten Oxidationskatalysators mit Polyanilin oder einem Polyanilinderivat als Träger und einer katalytisch aktiven Spezies, erhalten aus einer Verbindung auf der Basis eines Metalls aus den Gruppen 8 bis 11 des Periodensystems der Elemente. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung den nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren erhaltenen geträgerten Katalysator sowie ein Verfahren zur Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid unter Verwendung dieses Katalysators. Außerdem hat die Erfindung eine Brennstoffzelle zum Gegenstand, die neben dem eigentlichen Brennstoffzellen-Katalysator mit dem erfindungsgemäßen geträgerten Katalysator zum Zwecke der Entgiftung, d. h. Kohlenmonoxidentfernung, der eingesetzten Gase ausgestattet ist.

Enzymatisches Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aldehyden

Gegenstand der Erfindung sind Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aldehyden sowie deren Oxidations- und Reduktionsprodukten. The invention relates to processes for the preparation of aldehydes and their oxidation and reduction products.

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines geträgerten Katalysators für die Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid, dieser geträgerte Katalysator sowie ein Verfahren zur Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines geträgerten Katalysators für die Oxidation von Kohlenmonoxid umfassend die Schritte: a) Zurverfügungstellung von Polyanilin und/oder einem Polyanilinderivat in einem basischen wässrigen System, b) Zurverfügungstellung mindestens einer Verbindung A in Form einer Säure, eines Salzes und/oder einer Komplexverbindung des Platins, in der das Metall in oxidierter Form in einer wässrigen Lösung vorliegt, c) Mischen der gemäß den Schritten a) und b) zur Verfügung gestellten Komponenten in Gegenwart einer Flüssigkeit, in der die Verbindung A mindestens in Teilen löslich ist, wobei man den pH-Wert der während des Vermischens und/oder der erhaltenen Mischung auf einen pH-Wert oberhalb von 7 einstellt, d) Behandeln der gemäß Schritt c) erhaltenen Mischung mit mindestens einem Reduktionsmittel, so dass das Platin aus der Verbindung A in einer mittleren Oxidationsstufe vorliegt, und e) Isolieren und gegebenenfalls Waschen und/oder Trocknen des erhaltenen Feststoffs.

CHROMIUM-FREE HYDROGENATION OF HYDROFORMYLATION MIXTURES

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of alcohols by hydrogenation of aldehydes, in which use mixture comprising at least one aldehyde and at least one accompanying component is brought into contact, in the presence of hydrogen, with a heterogeneous catalyst, giving a product mixture which comprises at least the alcohol corresponding to the hydrogenated aldehyde, and at least one by-product, where the catalyst comprises a support material, and nickel and copper applied thereto. The invention also includes a chromium-free catalyst suitable for hydrogenating aldehyde mixtures with different chain lengths, in particular those which originate from different hydroformylations and can also comprise substances with C═C double bonds.

Chromium-free hydrogenation of hydroformylation mixtures

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of alcohols by hydrogenation of aldehydes, in which use mixture comprising at least one aldehyde and at least one accompanying component is brought into contact, in the presence of hydrogen, with a heterogeneous catalyst, giving a product mixture which comprises at least the alcohol corresponding to the hydrogenated aldehyde, and at least one by-product, where the catalyst comprises a support material, and nickel and copper applied thereto. The invention also includes a chromium-free catalyst suitable for hydrogenating aldehyde mixtures with different chain lengths, in particular those which originate from different hydroformylations and can also comprise substances with C═C double bonds.

ENZYMATIC METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALDEHYDES

The invention relates to methods for producing aldehydes and the oxidation and reduction products thereof.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALDEHYDES AND KETONES FROM PRIMARY AND SECONDARY ALCOHOLS

The invention relates to a method for producing aldehydes and ketones from easily accessible primary and secondary alcohols by oxidation with atmospheric oxygen or pure oxygen using a catalyst system which consists of a derivative of a free nitroxyl radical.

Chromium-free hydrogenation of hydroformylation mixtures

Chromium- and nickel-free hydrogenation of hydroformylation mixtures

The invention is concerned with catalysts for heterogeneous hydrogenation of oxo process aldehydes. The problem addressed by the invention is that of developing a catalyst containing neither chromium nor nickel. In addition, it is to enable the economically viable hydrogenation of aldehyde mixtures originating from industrial oxo processes on the industrial scale. For this purpose, the catalyst should not be reliant on costly precious metals such as Ru, Pd or Pt. This problem was solved by omitting the chromium and nickel in the preparation of a conventional Cu/Ni/Cr system, such that a catalyst wherein only copper occurs as hydrogenation-active component on the support material thereof, and not chromium or nickel, is obtained. What is surprising here is that a functioning catalyst for the purpose intended still arises at all even though two of three hydrogenation-active metals are omitted. However, this requires as necessary conditions that support material used is silicon dioxide and ...

Continuously operable method for producing carbonyl compounds by means of a catalyst containing a nitroxyl radical

The invention relates to a method for the oxidation of a primary or secondary alcohol, preferably to form an aldehyde or ketone, comprising the following steps: a) providing a catalyst composition comprising at least one compound containing a nitroxyl radical, at least one NO source, at least one carbon or mineral acid or an anhydride of a carbon or mineral acid; b) producing a reaction mixture by adding at least one primary or secondary alcohol and a gas comprising oxygen and optionally one or more than one solvent to the catalyst composition from step a) or step e); c) incubating the reaction mixture from step b) at a temperature of between 0 and 100° C. or at the boiling point of the solvent; d) simultaneously with or subsequent to step c): crystallizing the reaction product; and e) recovering the catalyst composition by removing the crystallized reaction product from the reaction mixture obtained in step d).

Method for producing acrylic acid

Method for producing acrylic acid by dehydration of a C3 hydroxycarboxylic acid, characterized in that dehydration is achieved by contacting, at a temperature of more than 150° C., the hydroxycarboxylic acid with a mixture which is liquid at this temperature and comprises at least one metal salt of a C3 hydroxycarboxylic acid, and water.

Process for homogeneously catalyzed, highly selective direct amination of primary alcohols with ammonia to primary amines with a high volume ratio of liquid phase to gas phase and/or high pressures

The present invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines comprising the process steps A) provision of a solution of a primary alcohol in a fluid, nongaseous phase, B) contacting of the phase with free ammonia and/or at least one ammonia-releasing compound and a homogeneous catalyst and optionally C) isolation of the primary amine formed in process step B), characterized in that the volume ratio of the volume of the liquid phase to the volume of the gas phase in process step B is greater than 0.05 and/or in that process step B is carried out at pressures greater than 10 bar.

Chromium- and nickel-free hydrogenation of hydroformylation mixtures

The invention is concerned with catalysts for heterogeneous hydrogenation of oxo process aldehydes. The problem addressed by the invention is that of developing a catalyst containing neither chromium nor nickel. In addition, it is to enable the economically viable hydrogenation of aldehyde mixtures originating from industrial oxo processes on the industrial scale. For this purpose, the catalyst should not be reliant on costly precious metals such as Ru, Pd or Pt. This problem was solved by omitting the chromium and nickel in the preparation of a conventional Cu/Ni/Cr system, such that a catalyst wherein only copper occurs as hydrogenation-active component on the support material thereof, and not chromium or nickel, is obtained. What is surprising here is that a functioning catalyst for the purpose intended still arises at all even though two of three hydrogenation-active metals are omitted. However, this requires as necessary conditions that support material used is silicon dioxide and ...

Process for the direct amination of secondary alcohols with ammonia to give primary amines

The invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines which comprises the process steps A) provision of a solution of a secondary alcohol in a fluid, nongaseous phase, B) contacting of the phase with free ammonia and/or at least one ammonia-releasing compound and a homogeneous catalyst and optionally C) isolation of the primary amine formed in process step B), characterized in that the volume ratio of the volume of the liquid phase to the volume of the gas phase in process step B is greater than or equal to 0.25, and/or in that the ammonia is used in process step B) in a molar ratio based on the hydroxyl groups in the secondary alcohol of at least 5:1.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ACRYLIC ACID

The invention relates to a method for producing acrylic acid by means of dehydrating a hydroxycarboxylic acid, which has 3 carbon atoms, characterized in that, for dehydrating, the hydroxycarboxylic acid is brought into contact, at a temperature of greater than 150 DEG C, with a mixture which is liquid at said temperature, containing at least one metallic salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, which has 3 carbon atoms, and water.

PROCESS FOR THE DIRECT AMINATION OF SECONDARY ALCOHOLS WITH AMMONIA TO GIVE PRIMARY AMINES

The invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines which comprises the process steps 1. A process for preparing a primary amine , the process comprising:i) providing a solution of a secondary alcohol in a fluid, nongaseous phase, free ammonia, at least one ammonia-releasing compound, or both,', 'and a homogeneous catalyst, and, 'ii) contacting the solution with'} 'wherein:', 'iii) optionally isolating the primary amine obtained in said contacting ii),'}a) a volume ratio of a liquid phase to a gas phase in said contacting ii) is greater than or equal to 0.25, orb) a molar ratio of the ammonia to hydroxyl groups in the secondary alcohol is at least 5:1, orboth a) and b).2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the homogeneous catalyst isan alkali metal alkoxide, an aluminium alkoxide, a lanthanide alkoxide, an inorganic compound of noble metals,a monometallic or multimetallic, mononuclear or multinuclear coordination compound of at least one noble metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, iridium, rhodium, osmium, palladium, platinum and iron,or any mixture thereof.3. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinthe secondary alcohol comprises at least two secondary hydroxy groups.4. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinthe secondary alcohol comprises a cyclic or polycyclic carbon skeleton.5. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinthe secondary alcohol is selected from the group consisting of:2-dodecanol, cyclododecanol, 4-phenyl-2-butanol, isosorbide, isomannide, isoidite, polypropylene glycol, mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol and an alkyl glycoside.6. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinthe secondary alcohol is selected from the group consisting of an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid and an OH-modified, natural fatty acid.7. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein a liquid or supercritical ammonia, a solution of ammonium salts in a solvent, or both is used in said contacting ii).8. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinsaid ...

PROCESS FOR HOMOGENEOUSLY CATALYZED, HIGHLY SELECTIVE DIRECT AMINATION OF PRIMARY ALCOHOLS WITH AMMONIA TO PRIMARY AMINES WITH A HIGH VOLUME RATIO OF LIQUID PHASE TO GAS PHASE AND/OR HIGH PRESSURES

The present invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines comprising the process steps 1. A process for preparing a primary amine , the process comprisingA)contacting (i) a solution of a primary alcohol in a fluid, nongaseous phase with (ii) free ammonia or an ammonia-releasing compound and (iii) a homogeneous catalyst, to form a primary amine, and optionallyB) isolating the primary aminewherein a volume ratio of a volume of a liquid phase to a volume of a gas phase in the contacting is greater than 0.05 and/orthe contacting is performed at a pressure greater than 10 bar.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein in the contactingthe ammonia is present in a molar ratio based on hydroxyl groups in the primary alcohol of at least 5:1.3. The process of claim 1 , whereinthe primary alcohol comprises a carboxyl or ester group.4. The process of claim 1 , whereinthe primary alcohol comprises an aliphatic alkyl radical comprising at least three carbon atoms covalently bound to one another and no quaternary carbon atom.5. The process of claim 1 , whereinthe primary alcohol comprises no heteroatoms.6. The process of claim 4 , whereinthe aliphatic alkyl radical is a linear or branched alkyl radical comprising at least 4 carbon atoms.7. The process of claim 1 , whereinthe primary alcohol is selected from the group consisting of 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, tripropylene glycol, an anhydrohexitol, and tripropylene glycol.8. The process of claim 1 , whereina concentration of the primary alcohol in (i) is from 0.1 to 10000 mmol/l.9. The process of claim 1 , whereinthe catalyst is selected from the group consisting of:an alkali metal alkoxide, an aluminum alkoxide, a lanthanide alkoxide,an inorganic compound comprising a noble metal,and a coordination compound comprising one or more noble metals selected from the group consisting ...

PROCESS FOR THE DIRECT AMINATION OF ALCOHOLS USING AMMONIA TO FORM PRIMARY AMINES BY MEANS OF A XANTPHOS CATALYST SYSTEM

The present invention relates to a chemocatalytic liquid-phase process for the direct one-stage amination of alcohols to primary amines by means of ammonia in high yields using a catalyst system containing at least one transition metal compound and a xantphos ligand. 2. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein{'sup': 1', '2', '3', '4, 'sub': 3', '2, 'R=R=R=R=phenyl, and A=—C(CH)—.'}3. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinthe xantphos ligand is carbonylchlorohydrido[9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xantheno]ruthenium(II)].4. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinthe alcohol is an aliphatic, linear ω-hydroxycarboxylic acid having a carbon chain comprising at least 8 carbon atoms.5. The process according to claim 1 ,whereinthe alcohol has a concentration of from 0.1 to 1000 mmol/l, based on the fluid phase.6. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein the contacting comprises contacting with liquid or supercritical ammonia, with a solution of ammonium salts in a solvent, or both.7. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein in the contacting,the ammonia has a molar ratio to hydroxyl groups in the alcohol of at least 5:1.8. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein the contacting is carried out at a pressure of from 1 to 1000 bar.9. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein the contacting is carried out in a temperature range of from 80 to 220° C.10. The process according to claim 1 ,whereina volume ratio of a liquid phase to a gas phase in the contacting is greater than or equal to 0.05.11. The process according to claim 1 ,wherein the process is carried out in an absence of hydrogen.12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol has a concentration of from 0.1 to 100 mmol/l based on the fluid phase.13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the alcohol has a concentration of from 0.1 to 10 mmol/l based on the fluid phase.14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein in the contacting claim 1 , the ammonia has a molar ratio to hydroxyl ...

Chromium- and nickel-free hydrogenation of hydroformylation mixtures

The invention is concerned with catalysts for heterogeneous hydrogenation of oxo process aldehydes. The problem addressed by the invention is that of developing a catalyst containing neither chromium nor nickel. In addition, it is to enable the economically viable hydrogenation of aldehyde mixtures originating from industrial oxo processes on the industrial scale. For this purpose, the catalyst should not be reliant on costly precious metals such as Ru, Pd or Pt. This problem was solved by omitting the chromium and nickel in the preparation of a conventional Cu/Ni/Cr system, such that a catalyst wherein only copper occurs as hydrogenation-active component on the support material thereof, and not chromium or nickel, is obtained. What is surprising here is that a functioning catalyst for the purpose intended still arises at all even though two of three hydrogenation-active metals are omitted. However, this requires as necessary conditions that support material used is silicon dioxide and that the content of Cu and SiO 2 in the active catalyst is set accurately within very tight limits.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING ACRYLIC ACID

Method for producing acrylic acid by dehydration of a Chydroxycarboxylic acid, characterized in that dehydration is achieved by contacting, at a temperature of more than 150° C., the hydroxycarboxylic acid with a mixture which is liquid at this temperature and comprises at least one metal salt of a Chydroxycarboxylic acid, and water. 1. A method for producing acrylic acid by dehydration of a Chydroxycarboxylic acid , comprising the step of contacting the hydroxycarboxylic acid with a mixture which is liquid at this temperature and comprises at least one metal salt of a Chydroxycarboxylic acid , and water , wherein the contact is made at a temperature of more than 150° C.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the mixture is from 160° C. to 300° C.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the metal salt is an alkali metal salt or an alkaline earth metal salt.5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the hydroxycarboxylic acid to be dehydrated and the hydroxycarboxylic acid on which the hydroxycarboxylic acid metal salt is based are identical.6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the mixture comprises at least one polymerization inhibitor.7. The method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the fraction of the sum total of polymerization inhibitors in the liquid mixture is from 0.05% to 2.5% by mass.8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pressure above the liquid mixture is below 500 mbar.9. The method as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that wherein the contacting of the hydroxycarboxylic acid to be dehydrated and the mixture is performed such that the hydroxycarboxylic acid is introduced into the mixture.10. The method as claimed in claim 9 , wherein the introduction of the hydroxycarboxylic acid to be dehydrated into the liquid mixture is performed via an introduction point disposed no less than 5% and no more than 75% below the surface of the mixture based on the total height of the liquid at this point.11. The ...

Process for direct amination of secondary alcohols with ammonia to primary amines

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von primären Aminen umfassend die Verfahrensschritte A) Bereitstellung einer Lösung eines sekundären Alkohols in einer fluiden, nicht gasförmigen Phase, B) in Kontakt Bringen der Phase mit freiem Ammoniak und/oder mindestens einer Ammoniak freisetzenden Verbindung und eines homogenen Katalysators und gegebenenfalls C) Isolierung des in Verfahrensschritt B) gebildeten primären Amins, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Volumenverhältnis des Volumens der Flüssigphase zu dem Volumen der Gasphase im Verfahrensschritt B größer oder gleich 0,25 ist und/oder dass der Ammoniak in Verfahrensschritt B) bezogen auf die Hydroxylgruppen im sekundären Alkohol in einem molaren Verhältnis von mindestens 5 zu 1 eingesetzt wird. The invention relates to a process for the preparation of primary amines comprising the process steps A) providing a solution of a secondary alcohol in a fluid, non-gaseous phase, B) bringing the phase into contact with free ammonia and / or at least one ammonia-releasing compound and one homogeneous catalyst and optionally C) isolation of the primary amine formed in process step B), characterized in that the volume ratio of the volume of the liquid phase to the volume of the gas phase in process step B is greater than or equal to 0.25 and / or that the ammonia in process step B ) is used based on the hydroxyl groups in the secondary alcohol in a molar ratio of at least 5 to 1.

Process for the production of acrylic acid

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylsäure durch Dehydratisierung einer Hydroxycarbonsäure, die 3 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Dehydratisierung die Hydroxycarbonsäure bei einer Temperatur von größer 150°C mit einer bei dieser Temperatur flüssigen Mischung, enthaltend mindestens ein Metallsalz einer Hydroxycarbonsäure, die 3 Kohlenstoffatome aufweist, und Wasser, in Kontakt gebracht wird. Process for the preparation of acrylic acid by dehydration of a hydroxycarboxylic acid which has 3 carbon atoms, characterized in that for the dehydration the hydroxycarboxylic acid at a temperature of greater than 150 ° C. with a mixture which is liquid at this temperature and contains at least one metal salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid which has 3 carbon atoms , and water.

"process for preparing primary and secondary alcohol aldehydes and ketones"

Chromium-free hydrogenation of hydroformylation mixtures

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of alcohols by hydrogenation of aldehydes, in which a use mixture comprising at least one aldehyde and at least one accompanying component is brought into contact, in the presence of hydrogen, with a heterogeneous catalyst, giving a product mixture which comprises at least the alcohol corresponding to the hydrogenated aldehyde, and at least one by product, where the catalyst comprises a support material, and nickel and copper applied thereto. The object of the invention is to indicate a chromium-free catalyst suitable for such a process. Moreover, the catalyst should be suitable for hydrogenating aldehyde mixtures with different chain lengths, in particular those which originate from different hydroformylations and can also comprise substances with C=C double bonds. Surprisingly, this object is achieved by omitting the chromium during the preparation of a classic Cu/Ni/Cr system, such that a catalyst is obtained on whose support material only copper and nickel occur as hydrogenation-active components, but not chromium.

Optimized process for synthesizing methacrylic acid (maa) and/or alkyl methacrylate by reducing unwanted byproducts

An improved process for synthesizing methacrylic acid and/or alkyl methacrylates, in particular methyl methacrylate (MMA), involves reacting acetone and hydrogen cyanide in the presence of an alkaline catalyst in a first reaction stage such that a first reaction mixture containing acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) is obtained. The process then involves working up the first reaction mixture containing acetone cyanohydrin (ACH), reacting acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) and sulfuric acid in a second reaction stage (amidation), and heating the second reaction mixture in a third reaction stage (conversion), such that methacrylamide (MAA) is obtained. The process further involves hydrolyzing or esterifying methacrylamide (MAA) with water and, optionally, alcohol, preferably water and optionally methanol, in a fourth reaction stage such that methacrylic acid or alkyl methacrylate is formed. The sulfuric acid used has a concentration of 98.0 wt % to 100.0 wt %.

Optimized process for synthesizing alkyl methacrylate by reducing unwanted byproducts

An improved process for synthesizing alkyl methacrylates, in particular methyl methacrylate (MMA), involves reacting acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) and sulfuric acid in a first reaction stage (amidation). The process then involves heating the first reaction mixture in a second reaction stage (conversion) such that methacrylamide (MAA) is obtained; and then esterifying methacrylamide (MAA) with alcohol and water, preferably methanol and water, in a third reaction stage such that alkyl methacrylate is formed. The sulfuric acid used has a concentration of 98.0 wt % to 100.0 wt %. A subsequent working up of the third reaction mixture involves least two distillations in which the byproducts methacrylonitrile (MeAN) and acetone are obtained as an aqueous heteroazeotrope at least in part in the top fraction. At least some of the aqueous heteroazeotrope is removed from the process and at least partially reintroduced into the third reaction stage.

Improved process for preparing methyl methacrylate and/or methacrylic acid by reduced back mixing during conversion

A process for preparing methyl methacrylate (MMA) and/or methacrylic acid (MAS) having improved yield, involves amidation, conversion, and hydrolysis/esterification. Especially high yields are obtained during the amidation and in the subsequent so-called conversion.

Process for preparing high purity (meth)acrylates

The present invention relates to a process for preparing high purity (meth)acrylates, in particular hydroxyl-functional (meth)acrylates having high purity. The process employs at least one suitable reactor, an intermediate vessel, in which the crude solution formed in the reactor is intermediately stored before being fed to a suitable distillative purification set-up comprising at least two purification cycles.

Verfahren zur herstellung von c4- bis c12- (meth)acrylaten

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines C4-C12-Alkyl(meth)acrylats, wobei in einem ersten Schritt ein Tetra-C4-C12-Alkyltitanat hergestellt wird, welches anschließend zusammen mit einem Isopropylat-koordinierten Titan(IV) als Katalysatorgemisch in der Herstellung des C4-C12-Alkyl(meth)acrylats eingesetzt wird.

Verfahren zur herstellung von alpha-hydroxyisobuttersäuremethylester und dessen anwendung in der elektronik-industrie

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkylmethacrylaten (AMA), insbesondere Methylmethacrylat (MMA), und alpha-Hydroxyisobuttersäurealkylestern (2-HIBSA), insbesondere alpha-Hydroxyisobuttersäuremethylester (2-HIBSM) und / oder Methacrylsäure (MAS) mit verbesserter Ausbeute, umfassend die Verfahrensschritte Amidierung, Konvertierung, Hydrolyse/Veresterung und Aufarbeitung. Dabei kann insbesondere 2-HIBSM in für die Anwendung in der Elektronikindustrie geeigneter Reinheit isoliert und ausgeschleust werden.