Preparation method of aluminum-magnesium-erbium alloy cast ingot

The invention discloses an aluminum-magnesium-erbium alloy cast ingot and a preparation method thereof, and relates to an alloy and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problems of poor corrosion resistance, low intensity, short service life and high cost of the existing LY12 aluminum alloy material. The aluminum-magnesium-erbium alloy cast ingot is prepared from Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Zn, Er, Be, Ti and Zr in the following steps: 1, weighing the raw materials; 2, preparing an aluminum alloy melt; and 3, sequentially filtering the aluminum alloy melt with ceramic filter disks of 30 ppi and 50 ppi, then pouring in a crystallizer, and casting into the aluminum-magnesium-erbium alloy cast ingot. The intensity of the aluminum-magnesium-erbium alloy cast ingot is at least 40 MPa higher than that of the LY12 alloy cast ingot, and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum-magnesium-erbium alloy cast ingot is one grade higher than that of the LY12 alloy cast ingot. Besides, compared withthe ...

Preparation method of large-size aluminum alloy ingot

The invention discloses a preparation method of a large-size aluminum alloy ingot, relating to a preparation method of aluminum alloy ingots, and the provided preparation method of a large-size aluminum alloy ingot solves the problem of easy cracking during preparing the large-size aluminum alloy ingots by the traditional aluminum alloy ingot preparation method. The method comprises the following steps of: spreading and scattering a 1# flux at the bottom of a smelting furnace; adding aluminum ingots, electrolytic copper, zinc ingots, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-iron intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy into the smelting furnace and spreading and scattering a covering agent; heating to ensure that the materials are smelted, sequentially adding a zirconium composite salt and magnesium ingots as well as smelting and refining to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; filtering the aluminum ...

Preparation method of large-size aluminum alloy ingot

The invention discloses a preparation method of a large-size aluminum alloy ingot, relating to a preparation method of aluminum alloy ingots, and the provided preparation method of a large-size aluminum alloy ingot solves the problem of easy cracking during preparing the large-size aluminum alloy ingots by the traditional aluminum alloy ingot preparation method. The method comprises the following steps of: spreading and scattering a NO. flux at the bottom of a smelting furnace; adding aluminum ingots, electrolytic copper, zinc ingots, aluminum-silicon intermediate alloy, aluminum-iron intermediate alloy, aluminum-manganese intermediate alloy, aluminum-chromium intermediate alloy and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloy into the smelting furnace and spreading and scattering a covering agent; heating to ensure that the materials are smelted, sequentially adding a zirconium composite salt and magnesium ingots as well as smelting and refining to obtain an aluminum alloy melt; filtering the ...

Method for manufacturing 7B50T7451 aluminum alloy prestretching thick plate for aviation

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a 7B50T7451 aluminum alloy prestretching thick plate for aviation, and relates to a method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy plate. The problems that an existing aluminum alloy plate is low in strength, percentage elongation after fracture, fracture toughness, corrosion property and electrical conductivity, and cannot meet the use requirement of the aluminum alloy prestretching thick plate for the aviation. The method for manufacturing the 7B50T7451 aluminum alloy prestretching thick plate comprises the twelve steps of aluminum alloy melting liquid manufacturing, square cast ingot manufacturing, annealing, aluminum alloy square cast ingot manufacturing, plate billet manufacturing, heating, aluminum alloy plate manufacturing, cutting off, solution treatment and quenching, stretching straightening, aging treatment and saw cutting. The 7B50T7451 aluminum alloy prestretching thick plate for the aviation is obtained. According to the method ...

Novel building structure usefulness of controlling flood device

The utility model discloses a novel building structure usefulness of controlling flood device, including a plurality of not unidimensional waterproof interlockings piece, waterproof interlocking piece including the top part, the bottom part that disposes end recess that dispose a convex ridge, dispose the first side of side convex ridge and dispose the second side of side recess, when bordering on about two waterproof interlocking pieces, the top convex ridge of waterproof interlocking piece and the end recess cooperation of adjacent waterproof interlocking piece, the side convex ridge of waterproof interlocking piece and the side recess cooperation of adjacent waterproof interlocking piece, formation flood control wall structure is connected to a plurality of waterproof interlockings piece. The utility model discloses simple structure, with low costs can found the flood control structure fast, and is practical convenient.

Separate smelly floor drain device

The utility model relates to a sewer drainage field, concretely relates to separate smelly floor drain device, including blocking dirty grid, grid frame, voltage regulator tube, separating smelly device, it covers to block dirty grid the top of grid frame, the voltage regulator tube is connected the inside central authorities of grid frame, separate smelly unit bit in in the voltage regulator tube, the voltage regulator tube with the inside projecting part that is equipped with of one end that the grid frame links to each other, projecting part is used for fixing separate smelly device. The utility model discloses a separate smelly device and install in the voltage regulator tube, rather than direct mount in drainage main part incasement, reduced the thickness of drainage main part case for the thickness that the entirely neglected loading was put reduces.

A two -chamber syringe for injecting high viscosity medicament

The utility model discloses a two -chamber syringe for injecting high viscosity medicament, the injection tube middle position of syringe is equipped with the next door. The next door along injection tube central axis direction certainly the opening extends to outer cone joint, and the injection tube is separated for the shape two cavity the same with the structure, the one end that outer cone joint was kept away from to the cavity is equipped with along the outside outstanding shutting groove of injection tube internal surface. Insert respectively the two of two cavity the structure of push rod is the same. The push rod be close to push rod cup department be equipped with with shutting groove matched with first catch, push rod keep away from push rod cup department be equipped with with shutting groove matched with second catch. The utility model discloses simple structure by providing the two cavity when reducing syringe length, increases the capacity of syringe, solves the inconvenience ...

Aluminum-magnesium-erbium alloy cast ingot and preparation method thereof

The invention discloses an aluminum-magnesium-erbium alloy cast ingot and a preparation method thereof, and relates to an alloy and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problems of poor corrosion resistance, low intensity, short service life and high cost of the existing LY12 aluminum alloy material. The aluminum-magnesium-erbium alloy cast ingot is prepared from Si, Fe, Cu, Mn, Mg, Zn, Er, Be, Ti and Zr in the following steps: 1, weighing the raw materials; 2, preparing an aluminum alloy melt; and 3, sequentially filtering the aluminum alloy melt with ceramic filter disks of 30 ppi and 50 ppi, then pouring in a crystallizer, and casting into the aluminum-magnesium-erbium alloy cast ingot. The intensity of the aluminum-magnesium-erbium alloy cast ingot is at least 40 MPa higher than that of the LY12 alloy cast ingot, and the corrosion resistance of the aluminum-magnesium-erbium alloy cast ingot is one grade higher than that of the LY12 alloy cast ingot. Besides, compared with the ...

Novel single tata frame foundation modular structure

The utility model discloses a novel single tata frame foundation modular structure, basic modular structure bury in the underground at the construction field (site), and basic modular structure includes maincenter spare, pillar, bottom plate and wallboard, maincenter spare, pillar, bottom plate interconnect, the wallboard is vertical to be equipped with a plurality ofly, and it forms the continuous wall of basic modular structure respectively with the pillar with the bottom plate is detachable is connected, the leg room is a plurality of at a distance from being equipped with, and its top is all connected on the top of maincenter spare, the bottom plate is equipped with a plurality ofly, forms continuous ground plate structure with a maincenter spare and a support connnection respectively, the utility model discloses simple structure, each component can prefabricate transportation to job site, equal detachable connection between each component, joint strength is big, the fixed pylon of ...

Manufacturing method of ultrahard aluminium alloy

Superplastic welding experimental device and method by utilizing electric field action

The invention relates to a superplastic welding experimental device which belongs to the technical field of material processing. The superplastic welding experimental device comprises a high-voltage power system, an electric field applying device, a welding heating and temperature control system and a loading and data acquisition system, wherein the high-voltage power system is used for providing stable voltage; the electric field applying device is used for enabling samples or specimens to be welded to be in a uniform and stable electric field with adjustable atmosphere; the welding heating and temperature control system is used for ensuring the samples or the specimens to be at a given welding temperature; and the loading and data acquisition system is used for realizing that the samples or the specimens is loaded in a deformation speed range of 0.02-100mm/min and the full welding process can be automatically detected. By utilizing the invention, real time tracking recording and data ...

High field high-temperature compression test device and method of solid materials

The invention relates to a high field high-temperature compression test device of solid materials, which comprises a stable high-voltage power source system used for providing various types of voltage, an electric field applying device used for making a test sample or test specimen (2) positioned in a uniform stable strong electric field, a heating and temperature control system used for ensuringthe test sample or test specimen at a given temperature, and a loading and data acquiring system which loads the test sample or test specimen within the deformation velocity range of 0.02-100mm/min and can automatically detect the whole process of compression deformation. The invention can test the characteristic of high-temperature compression deformation of the materials in strong electric field environment, and related material shaping and processing technology is developed and seared on the basis, and real-time tracking, recording, data processing and display are carried out to the whole process ...

Multifunctional high-voltage power supply

The invention belongs to the technical field of special power supplies, and discloses a multifunctional high-voltage power supply, which comprises a transformation circuit, a rectifying filter circuit, a safety protection circuit and a detection display circuit, wherein one end of a secondary edge of a set-up transformer (T2) of the transformation circuit is connected with a current meter of the detection display circuit and then is ground, while the other end serves as an alternating current high-voltage output end of the multifunctional high-voltage power supply; and a high-voltage output end of the transformation circuit is connected with a positive electrode of a high-voltage silicon stack (D1) of the rectifying filter circuit and is connected with a negative electrode of a high-voltage silicon stack (D2), the negative electrode of the high-voltage silicon stack (D1) serves as a positive direct current high-voltage output end of the multifunctional high-voltage power supply, and apositive ...

Integrated water tank type crystallizer used for casting 7 series extra super duralumin alloy

The invention provides an integrated water tank type crystallizer used for casting 7 series extra super duralumin alloy, relating to a crystallizer. The invention solves the problem that cast ingot produces cracks caused by stress concentration as the existing crystallizer is not even in water-cooling distribution. The cross section contour of the flat through hole is composed of two arc sections and two straight line sections, each arc section is formed by butt joint of two arcs in different diameters; the lower end face of all the side walls of crystallizer tank body is opened with an annular groove, the lower end face of the annular water feeding hole wall body between the annular groove and the flat through hole is opened with a plurality of osculums in uniform distribution, the lower end of each osculum is inclined toward the central axis of the flat through hole; and four clapboards are respectively arranged at the two ends of the annular groove and divide the annular groove into ...

Multifunctional high-voltage power supply

The invention belongs to the technical field of special power supplies, and discloses a multifunctional high-voltage power supply, which comprises a transformation circuit, a rectifying filter circuit, a safety protection circuit and a detection display circuit, wherein one end of a secondary edge of a set-up transformer (T2) of the transformation circuit is connected with a current meter of the detection display circuit and then is ground, while the other end serves as an alternating current high-voltage output end of the multifunctional high-voltage power supply; and a high-voltage output end of the transformation circuit is connected with a positive electrode of a high-voltage silicon stack (D1) of the rectifying filter circuit and is connected with a negative electrode of a high-voltage silicon stack (D2), the negative electrode of the high-voltage silicon stack (D1) serves as a positive direct current high-voltage output end of the multifunctional high-voltage power supply, and a positive ...

A two push rod syringes for injecting high viscosity medicament

The utility model discloses a two push rod syringes for injecting high viscosity medicament, the push rod of syringe includes outer push rod and interior push rod. The pole body of outer push rod is equipped with position two relative narrow slits, and the narrow slit extends to the other end from one end, and just outer push rod is connected with hollow outer push rod cup. The near -end of interior push rod is equipped with the interior locking arm of the relative two in position, and the near -end of interior push rod is connected with interior push rod cup. The inside wall of the distal end of injection tube is equipped with the locking groove that is used for fixed outer locking arm and interior locking arm. Interior push rod nestification is in outer push rod, and interior locking arm passes the inside wall of narrow slit contact injection tube can move for outer push rod free skating. Outer push rod nestification can freely be slided for the injection tube in the injection tube. The ...

Novel block retaining wall structure

The utility model discloses a novel block retaining wall structure, its retaining wall building block of piling up including upper and lower dislocation, the middle part of retaining wall building block is equipped with the passageway that its top surface of follow extends to the bottom surface, and its top left and right sides is equipped with variable setback locating component and its top surface of follow downwardly extending's breach, variable setback locating component such as includes at high, spaced owner setback locating piece and inferior setback locating piece each other, main setback locating piece can set up with removing in in the breach, inferior setback locating piece is neighbouring the passageway upwards extends from the top surface is vertical, when the dislocation is piled up from top to bottom, main setback locating piece joint the lateral wall of passageway. The utility model discloses but the retaining wall structure is borrowing single retaining wall building block ...

Crystallizer for preparing superhard aluminum alloy flat cast ingot and use method of crystallizer

The invention discloses a crystallizer for preparing a superhard aluminum alloy flat cast ingot and a use method of the crystallizer and relates to a tool for preparing the superhard aluminum alloy flat cast ingot and a use method of the tool.The crystallizer aims at solving the problem that superhard aluminum alloys produced by the existing casting tool have high possibility of crack rejects. The crystallizer for preparing the superhard aluminum alloy flat cast ingot comprises a crystallizer water chamber, a water chamber gland, a secondary water distribution plate and an oil gland, wherein the crystallizer water chamber comprises a water chamber internal wall, a water chamber external wall and a water chamber base; a plane is arranged at a junction between the internal surface and the upper surface of the water chamber internal wall; water outlet holes are formed in the plane; water inlet holes are formed at the two ends of the water chamber gland in a length direction; and a lubricating ...

Preparation method of display panel, display panel, display screen and display device

The invention belongs to the technical field of display devices, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a display panel, the display panel, a display screen and a display device. The preparation method of the display panel comprises the following steps: carrying out pretreatment on a glass substrate; tempering; arranging a silk-screen printing ink layer on the back surface of the glasssubstrate; arranging an AF film layer on the front surface of the glass substrate; and attaching an anti-reflection film to the back face of the silk-screen printing ink layer, wherein the anti-reflection film comprises an anti-reflection film layer and a PET film layer which are arranged in a stacked mode, and the PET film layer is arranged on the side, away from the silk-screen printing ink layer, of the anti-reflection film layer. The display panel is prepared by the preparation method, the display screen comprises the display panel, and the display device comprises the display screen. According ...

Integrated water tank type crystallizer used for casting 7 series extra super duralumin alloy

The invention provides an integrated water tank type crystallizer used for casting 7 series extra super duralumin alloy, relating to a crystallizer. The invention solves the problem that cast ingot produces cracks caused by stress concentration as the existing crystallizer is not even in water-cooling distribution. The cross section contour of the flat through hole is composed of two arc sectionsand two straight line sections, each arc section is formed by butt joint of two arcs in different diameters; the lower end face of all the side walls of crystallizer tank body is opened with an annular groove, the lower end face of the annular water feeding hole wall body between the annular groove and the flat through hole is opened with a plurality of osculums in uniform distribution, the lowerend of each osculum is inclined toward the central axis of the flat through hole; and four clapboards are respectively arranged at the two ends of the annular groove and divide the annular groove into four ...

Production method for high-strength, anti-corrosion and large-sized round cast ingots

The invention discloses a production method for high-strength, anti-corrosion and large-sized round cast ingots and relates to the production method for the round cast ingots, aiming to solve the technical problems that existing large-sized round cast ingots are high in crack tendency and difficult in melt quality control. The production method includes 1), weighing melting raw materials according to mass percent content of each element; 2), subjecting the melting raw materials and A1-Be intermediate alloy to melting to obtain aluminum alloy liquid; 3), refining the aluminum alloy liquid under the protection of argon for standing to obtain a casting melt; 4), subjecting the casting melt to forming treatment so that the cast ingots are produced. By the technology of online deaerating outside a furnace and two-stage filtering, purity of the melt is effectively improved; the problem of unstable components due to long casting time in the past is solved; by addition of the A1-Be intermediate ...

Wrinkle preventing control mechanism on inspecting and winding machine

The invention discloses a wrinkle preventing control mechanism on an inspecting and winding machine, comprising an arc tube for tensioning fabric, wherein the cloth bypasses the outer circumferential surface of the arc tube; the arc tube is bent towards one side at which the fabric bypasses. According to the invention, by arranging the arc tube, the fabric cover is straightened at proper tension when the rolled cloth passes through the arc tube, thereby leveling the fabric, removing the wrinkle and allowing the subsequent working procedures to be smoothly carried out.

High field high-temperature compression test device and method of solid materials

The invention relates to a high field high-temperature compression test device of solid materials, which comprises a stable high-voltage power source system used for providing various types of voltage, an electric field applying device used for making a test sample or test specimen (2) positioned in a uniform stable strong electric field, a heating and temperature control system used for ensuring the test sample or test specimen at a given temperature, and a loading and data acquiring system which loads the test sample or test specimen within the deformation velocity range of 0.02-100mm/min and can automatically detect the whole process of compression deformation. The invention can test the characteristic of high-temperature compression deformation of the materials in strong electric field environment, and related material shaping and processing technology is developed and seared on the basis, and real-time tracking, recording, data processing and display are carried out to the whole process ...

Al-Mg-Sc-Zr aluminum alloy plate and manufacturing method thereof

The invention provides an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr aluminum alloy plate and a manufacturing method thereof, and relates to the Al-Mg-Sc-Zr aluminum alloy plate and the manufacturing method thereof. Traditional aluminium magnesium alloy is replaced by the novel aluminum alloy plate, so that the purposes of further reducing the dead-weight of aerospace crafts such as spacecrafts, missiles and satellites, improving the carrying capacity, increasing the useful load, and lowering the cost for launching are achieved. The Al-Mg-Sc-Zr aluminum alloy plate contains the following elements: Mg, Mn, Sc, Zr, Ti and Be. The manufacturing method comprises the steps of firstly, burdening; secondly, smelting; thirdly, casting; fourthly, homogenizing annealing; fifthly, hot rolling; sixthly, prestretching; seventhly, finished product saw cutting; and then the Al-Mg-Sc-Zr aluminum alloy plate is obtained. The Al-Mg-Sc-Zr aluminum alloy plate has the advantages that the normal-temperature and low-temperature mechanical ...

Low-Sc Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy sheet and preparation method thereof

The invention discloses a low-Sc Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy sheet and a preparation method thereof, relates to an Sc-containing Al-Mg alloy sheet and a preparation method thereof and aims at solving the technical problems of high raw material price and poor mechanical property of the existing Sc-containing Al-Mg alloy. The alloy sheet is composed of Mg, Mn, Sc, Zr, Ti, Be, Si, Fe and the balance of impurities and Al. The method comprises the steps of firstly, proportioning; secondly, smelting; thirdly, casting; fourthly, homogenizing annealing; fifthly, hot rolling; sixthly, saw cutting to obtain a finished product. The alloy sheet disclosed by the invention has the normal-temperature and low-temperature mechanical property, damage tolerance as well as excellent welding performance and corrosion resistance of a common Al-Mg-SC alloy sheet, and also has the advantage of lower raw material cost. The preparation method is used for preparing the low-Sc Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy sheet.

Manufacturing method of high-strength antirust aluminum alloy slab ingot

The invention discloses a manufacturing method of a high-strength antirust aluminum alloy slab ingot and relates to a manufacturing method of an aluminum alloy slab ingot. The manufacturing method solves the problems that a core of an existing composite material is mainly a 3003 alloy, but the 3003 alloy hardly meets the requirements of the current market on the high-performance composite material due to low alloying degree and low strength. The method comprises the following steps: 1, melting, and 2, forming, so that the high-strength antirust aluminum alloy slab ingot is obtained. The manufacturing method is used for manufacturing the high-strength antirust aluminum alloy slab ingot.

10kV high-voltage cabinet secondary circuit training demonstration device and verification method thereof

The invention relates to a 10kV high-voltage cabinet secondary circuit training demonstration device and a verification method thereof.The device comprises a movable support and a demonstration board, and the demonstration board is provided with an electrical diagram display area, a device display area, an operation area and a function verification area; the function verification area is provided with a closing verification module, an opening verification module, an anti-tripping function verification module and a control loop disconnection verification module, the electrical diagram display area is provided with a high-voltage cabinet secondary control loop and a disconnection monitoring control loop, and the operation area is provided with an operation switch. According to the device, through the electrical diagram display area, the device display area, the operation area and the function verification area, components such as switches and operation required by opening and closing operation ...

Interactive intelligent tablet computer

An interactive intelligent tablet comprises a display touch module and a frame (100) arranged on the periphery of the display touch module, the display touch module comprises a glass cover plate (210), a touch screen (220) and a liquid crystal screen (230), the touch screen (220) is attached to one side of the glass cover plate (210), and the liquid crystal screen (230) is attached to one side, away from the glass cover plate (210), of the touch screen (220); the frame (100) comprises an outer frame (110) and an inner frame (120), the outer frame (110) comprises a first side plate (112) and a first front plate (111), and the first front plate (111) is arranged on the face, close to the display touch module, of the first side plate (112) in a protruding mode. At least part of the inner frame (120) is hidden in a containing space formed between the first side plate (112) and the first front plate (111), and the inner frame (120) and the first front plate (111) are arranged in a spaced mode ...

Interactive intelligent tablet

The interactive intelligent tablet comprises a display touch module and a frame arranged on the periphery of the display touch module, the display touch module comprises a cover plate, a touch screen and a liquid crystal screen, the frame comprises a frame body, the frame body is provided with an inner side face close to the display touch module, and an insertion part is arranged on the inner side face in a protruding mode; the cover plate comprises a first side face and a second side face which are oppositely arranged, the first side face and the second side face are connected through an edge side face, an inserting groove is formed in the edge side face in a concave mode, the inserting part is inserted into the inserting groove, the touch screen is arranged on the second side face and covers the second side face, and the liquid crystal screen is arranged on the side face, away from the cover plate, of the touch screen. The side face of the edge of the cover plate is provided with the ...

Superplastic welding experimental device and method by utilizing electric field action

The invention relates to a superplastic welding experimental device which belongs to the technical field of material processing. The superplastic welding experimental device comprises a high-voltage power system, an electric field applying device, a welding heating and temperature control system and a loading and data acquisition system, wherein the high-voltage power system is used for providingstable voltage; the electric field applying device is used for enabling samples or specimens to be welded to be in a uniform and stable electric field with adjustable atmosphere; the welding heating and temperature control system is used for ensuring the samples or the specimens to be at a given welding temperature; and the loading and data acquisition system is used for realizing that the samples or the specimens is loaded in a deformation speed range of 0.02-100mm/min and the full welding process can be automatically detected. By utilizing the invention, real time tracking recording and data processing ...

Wide-viewing-angle polaroid, touch liquid crystal display screen and manufacturing method of wide-viewing-angle polaroid

The invention relates to a wide-viewing-angle polaroid, a touch liquid crystal display screen and a preparation method of the wide-viewing-angle polaroid. The wide-view-angle polaroid comprises an outer protection layer, a wide-view-angle polaroid layer, a basic polaroid layer, an adhesive layer and a separation film layer which are sequentially attached. The wide-viewing-angle polarization base material comprises a first base material layer and a microstructure polarization layer attached to the first base material layer, and the microstructure polarization layer comprises a plurality of evenly-distributed microstructures and fillers filled between the adjacent microstructures. The refractive index of the microstructure material is different from that of the filler material; the microstructure is in a long strip shape, and the section of the microstructure is trapezoidal. By utilizing the characteristic that the refractive indexes of the microstructure material and the filler material ...

Manufacture method of extra super duralumin alloy cast ingots

The invention discloses a manufacture method of extra super duralumin alloy cast ingots, relating to a manufacture method of cast ingots. The invention aims at solving the problem of low yield due to the inner wall crack of the cast ingots manufactured by the existing casting method. The manufacture method of the extra super duralumin alloy cast ingots comprises the following steps: weighting raw materials, feeding the argon to refine after smelting, and manufacturing the extra super duralumin alloy cast ingots through the semi-continuous casting method. By using the casting method disclosed by the invention, the brittlement region of the aluminum alloy cast ingots is reduced, the heating crack resistance of the alloy is enhanced, the casting stress is reduced, and the casting performance of the extra super duralumin alloy is improved. The molding rate of the cast ingot reaches 62.3% and is enhanced by 7.3%, and the yield reaches 74.1% and is enhanced by 11.8% compared with that of the ...