VERFAHREN ZUM POLARISIEREN VON FERROELEKTRISCHEM MATERIAL

Verfahren zum Polarisieren einer Piezokeramik, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Piezo-Aktors und Verwendung des Piezo-Aktors

Verfahren zum Polarisieren einer Piezokeramik, wobei, ausgehend von einem Grundkörper (1) aus unpolarisierter Piezokeramik mit wenigstens zwei flächig einander gegenüberliegenden Elektroden (2, 3), eine Anzahl (N) von Spannungspulsen (4) an die Elektroden (2, 3) angelegt wird, deren Pulshöhen (UP) einer zeitabhängigen Hüllkurve (5) folgen, die in einem ersten Abschnitt während einer Anstiegszeit (TA) von einer minimalen Spannung (UMIN) auf eine maximale Spannung (UMAX) anwächst und die in einem zweiten Abschnitt während einer Haltezeit (TH) die maximale Spannung (UMAX) hält, wobei die minimale Spannung (UMIN) so gewählt wird, daß beim Aufladen der Elektroden (2, 3) die maximal verträgliche Aufladung der noch unpolarisierten Piezokeramik unterschritten wird, wobei die maximale Spannung (UMAX) so gewählt wird, daß sie zur Ausbildung einer dauerhaften Polarisierung geeignet ist, und wobei N ≥ 2 ist.

Piezoelektrisches Vielschichtbauelement und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Das piezoelektrische Vielschichtbauelement weist einen Piezostapel (1) mit einer alternierenden Abfolge von piezoelektrischen Keramikschichten (2) und Innenelektroden (5, 6) sowie eine Passivierung (7) auf einer Außenseite auf. Die Passivierung wird aus einer piezoelektrischen Keramik, die von dem Material der Keramikschichten verschieden ist, hergestellt. Bei dem Herstellungsverfahren wird die Passivierung zusammen mit den Keramikschichten polarisiert.

Verfahren zum Polarisieren von mindestens einem Teilgebiet von Folien aus ferroelektrischen Stoffen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von polarisierten Elementen für piezoelektrische oder pyroelektrische Aufnehmer beziehungsweise Geber

Ferroelektrische Perovskite

Piezoaktor mit einem Mehrlagenaufbau und ein Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

Es werden ein Piezoaktor und ein Herstellungsverfahren für den Piezoaktor mit einem Mehrlagenaufbau aus Piezoelementen (2) vorgeschlagen, die jeweils aus sinterbaren Piezolagen (3) bestehen, die zwischen Innenelektroden (4, 5) eingefasst sind und die in Richtung des Lagenaufbaus und der Wirkrichtung des Piezoaktors (1) über Außenelektroden (6, 7) abwechselnd mit einer unterschiedlichen Polarität einer elektrischen Spannung beaufschlagt sind. Der Piezoaktor (1) mit den Piezolagen weist mit durch äußeren Druck während einer Polarisierung vorausgerichtete Domänen auf, wobei die Polarisierung durch Beaufschlagung der Piezolagen (3) mit einem elektrischen Feld bei hohen Temperaturen oberhalb der Curie-Temperatur durchgeführt wird und durch Abkühlen unter weiterer Beaufschlagung durch das elektrische Feld und des Druckes wird die Ausrichtung der Domänen eingefroren.

Single sheet differential-poled piezoelectric microactuator for a hard disk drive

A piezoelectric (PZT) microactuator 300 directly attached to a head slider 302, for mounting on a suspension for use as a third stage actuator in a hard disk drive, is fabricated from and comprises a single sheet of a piezoelectric material with the top and bottom covered with an electrically conductive material to form electrodes. The piezoelectric material is differential-poled so that one lateral portion 202 is poled in one direction and another lateral portion 204 is poled in the opposite direction. When a drive voltage is applied between the top and bottom electrodes, one portion of the piezoelectric material expands while the other portion contracts, thereby providing a rotational movement. The direction of motion of each respective portion is determined by the direction of the applied voltage and the respective direction of poling. An electric field may be applied by poling electrodes.

PRODUCING A POLARIZED PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC MEMBER

... 1366410 Piezo-electric crystals SIEMENS AG 1 Aug 1972 [3 Aug 1971] 35967/72 Heading H1E A ceramic piezo-electric element 2 is polarized by heating it dielectrically with an alternating voltage from a transformer 1 and then cooling it while applying a direct voltage across the element. The cooling may be natural or assisted. The process is applicable to materials such as barium titanate and similar Perovskite structure mixed crystals.

Single sheet differential-poled piezoelectric microactuator for a hard disk drive

PROCEDURE FOR THE POLARIZATION OF FERROUSELECTRICAL MATERIALS

VERFAHREN ZUR PERMANENTEN POLARISATION VON PIEZOELEKTRISCHEM MATERIAL MITTELS ELEKTRISCHER FELDER

PIEZOELECTRIC THIN FILM, PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A PIEZOELECTRIC THIN FILM, PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT AND INKJETAUFZEICHNUNGSKOPF

PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL

PROCEDURE FOR THE PERMANENT POLARIZATION OF PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL OF MEANS OF ELECTRICAL FIELDS

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION PIEZOELECTRIC DRUCKSENSITIVEN OF A KEY OR A KEYBOARD AND BY THIS PROCEDURE RECEIVED PRODUCT

Method for biasing at least one area of a sheet of ferroelectric material and application of the method for producing a component polarized piezoelectric or pyroelectric sensor.

Coil spring and method of manufacturing a coil spring.

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Spiralfeder mit einem Kern (204) und einer piezoelektrischen Beschichtung (207), wobei die benannte piezoelektrische Beschichtung nach dem Beschichten durch Anlegen einer elektrischen Spannung polarisiert wird.

PROCESS OF POLARIZATION Of a MATERIAL FERROELECTRIQUE IN THE FORM OF CYLINDER

Procédé pour polariser au moins une partie d'un matériau ferroélectrique sous forme de cylindre dans l'axe (7) duquel est disposé un conducteur interne (6), ledit conducteur interne (6) étant placé à l'intérieur du cylindre (5). Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : - on place au moins une partie dudit cylindre (5) dans un liquide conducteur (3), ledit cylindre (5) étant libre de toute contrainte autre que la pression exercée par le liquide conducteur (3); - on applique entre une électrode (4) en contact avec le liquide conducteur (3) et le conducteur interne (6) disposé à l'intérieur et dans l'axe (7) du cylindre (5) une tension alternative basse fréquence dont on fait croître progressivement l'amplitude jusqu'à une valeur telle que le champ électrique ainsi créé ait une amplitude supérieure au champ coercitif de polarisation Ec dudit matériau.

METHOD OF MAKING A DEVICE COMPRISING A MATERIAL ACQUIRING AN ELECTRICAL PROPERTY AFTER BEING SUBJECTED TO ELECTRICAL BIAS

Piezoelectric ceramic composition, piezoelectric device and resonator

PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL, PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, LIQUID DISCHARGE HEAD, ULTRASONIC MOTOR, AND DUST CLEANING DEVICE

PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME AND PIEZOELECTRIC VIBRATION DEVICE

A piezoelectric element according to one aspect of the present invention is provided with: a piezoelectric ceramic which is mainly composed of a perovskite compound that is represented by composition formula LixNayK1-x-yNbO8 (wherein 0.02 < x ≤ 0.1 and 0.02 < x + y ≤ 1), while containing silver and at least one alkaline earth metal that is selected from among calcium, strontium and barium, and which contains LiNbO3 in the surface but does not contain LiNbO3 in a portion where the depth from the surface is 5 μm or more; and at least a pair of electrodes which are formed on the surface of the piezoelectric ceramic.

FERROELECTRIC MATERIAL, MEMS COMPONENT COMPRISING THIS MATERIAL, MEMS DEVICE, AND PRODUCTION METHOD

Ferroelectric material comprising a mixed crystal comprising AlN and at least one transition metal nitride. The proportion of the transition metal nitride is chosen such that a direction of an initial or spontaneous polarity of the ferroelectric material is switchable by a switchover voltage being applied. In this case, the switchover voltage is below a breakdown voltage of the ferroelectric material.

Method of polarizing at least one large area sheet of ferroelectric material

A method of polarizing at least one large area sheet of ferroelectric material (1). The method comprises the following successive steps: placing films of ferroelectric material (2, 3) of thickness e1 against two opposite faces (1a, 1b) of the sheet (1) of thickness e2, the thickness e1 being a function of the respective coercive fields of the materials constituting the sheet (1) and the films (2, 3); placing electrodes (4, 5) on either side of and against the films of ferroelectric material (2, 3); compressing the resulting complex; and applying a cyclical voltage between the two electrodes (4, 5).

Method for production of composite piezoelectric material

Disclosed is a method of producing composite piezoelectric materials exhibiting a high flexibility and a high piezoelectric effect, comprising the steps of treating an inorganic dielectric material powder with a latex-containing dispersion so as to coat the surfaces of the powder particles with the rubber particles in a manner to provide encapsulated powder particles, kneading the encapsulated powder particles, shaping the kneaded mass, and polarizing the shaped mass.

MULTILAYER PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, PIEZOELECTRIC VIBRATION APPARATUS, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

In an embodiment, a multilayer piezoelectric element includes a multilayer piezoelectric body and multiple internal electrodes. The multilayer piezoelectric body has a pair of principal faces in a first-axis direction, a pair of end faces in a second-axis direction crossing at right angles with the first-axis direction and defining the longitudinal direction, and a pair of side faces in a third-axis direction crossing at right angles with the first-axis direction and second-axis direction. The multiple internal electrodes are placed inside the multilayer piezoelectric body and stacked in the first-axis direction. Among the multiple internal electrodes, a center internal electrode placed at the center part of the multilayer piezoelectric body is such that its first cross-sectional shape, as viewed from the third-axis direction, has undulations greater than the undulations of the second cross-sectional shape of the center internal electrode as viewed from the second-axis direction. 1. A multilayer piezoelectric element , comprising:a multilayer piezoelectric body having: a pair of principal faces that are facing each other in a first-axis direction which is a thickness direction; a pair of end faces that are facing each other in a second-axis direction which is a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the first-axis direction; and a pair of side faces that are facing each other in a third-axis direction which is a width direction perpendicular to the first-axis direction and second-axis direction; andmultiple internal electrodes placed inside the multilayer piezoelectric body and stacked in the first-axis direction;wherein, among the multiple internal electrodes, a center internal electrode placed at a center part of the multilayer piezoelectric body is such that a first cross-sectional shape, as viewed from the third-axis direction, has undulations, a magnitude of which is greater than a magnitude of undulations, if any, of a second cross-sectional shape of the ...

Piezoelectric fiber having excellent flexibility and elasticity, and method for manufacturing the same

The present invention relates to a piezoelectric fiber having excellent flexibility, the piezoelectric fiber employs a conductive fiber member as an inner electrode, on which a piezoelectric polymer layer, an outer electrode and a coating layer are sequentially formed, thereby having excellent flexibility and sufficient elasticity to be sewed, woven, knotted or braided. Therefore, the piezoelectric fiber can be applied in power supplies for a variety of sizes and types of wearable electronic devices, portable devices, clothing, etc. In addition, since the piezoelectric fiber has excellent piezoelectricity and durability because of the above-described structure, it can effectively convert deformation or vibration caused by external physical force into electric energy, and thus can replace existing ceramic-based and polymer piezoelectric bodies, etc. Furthermore, an economical and simple method of manufacturing a piezoelectric fiber having excellent piezoelectricity is provided.

System And Method For Extraction Of Piezoelectric Constants Electrically

Activity of piezoelectric material dimension and electrical properties can be changed with an applied stress. These variations are translated to a change in capacitance of the structure. Use of capacitance-voltage measurements for the extraction of double piezoelectric thin film material deposited at the two faces of a flexible steel sheet is described. Piezoelectric thin film materials are deposited using RF sputtering techniques. Gamry analyzer references 3000 is used to collect the capacitance-voltage measurements from both layers. A developed algorithm extracts directly the piezoelectric coefficients knowing film thickness, applied voltage, and capacitance ratio. The capacitance ratio is the ratio between the capacitances of the film when the applied field in antiparallel and parallel to the poling field direction, respectively. Piezoelectric bulk ceramic is used for calibration and validation by comparing the result with the reported values from literature. Extracted values using the ...

Molecularly doped piezoelectric foams

A material that includes a polymer foam and at least one polar dopant molecule included in the polymer foam, wherein the material is a piezoelectric.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ СОЗДАНИЯ ГРАДИЕНТА ТЕМПЕРАТУР В ОБРАЗЦЕ

Изобретение относится к пьезоэлектронике и может быть использовано для получения градиента поляризации в однородных по химическому составу образцах пьезоэлектрической керамики. Сущность: устройство содержит нагреваемый и охлаждаемый стаканы с плоским днищем, оснащенные термопарами, и теплоизоляционный кожух. Охлаждаемый стакан помещен коаксиально внутрь нагреваемого стакана с зазором между стенками стаканов, равным 0,25÷0,30 диаметра внутреннего стакана. Технический результат: расширение рабочего интервала температур от -50 до +150°С. 1 ил.

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПЬЕЗОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ МОНОКРИСТАЛЛОВ С ПОЛИДОМЕННОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ ДЛЯ УСТРОЙСТВ ТОЧНОГО ПОЗИЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ

... 1. Способ получения пьезоэлектрических монокристаллов с полидоменной структурой для устройств точного позиционирования, в котором формируют из сегнетоэлектрических монокристаллов, в которых возможно образование только 180°-ных доменных границ, заготовку, в которой, по крайней мере две грани параллельны друг к другу, а перпендикуляры к этим граням не совпадают с направлением оси спонтанной поляризации, затем перемещают заготовку в тепловом поле из зоны с температурой выше температуры Кюри в зону с температурой ниже температуры Кюри с одновременным приложением периодически изменяющегося знакопеременного электрического поля к параллельным граням заготовки, при этом после охлаждения всего объема заготовки ниже температуры Кюри в ней образуется упорядоченная доменная структура, размеры доменов в которой задаются скоростью перемещения заготовки и периодом изменения полярности приложенного к ней электрического поля, после чего разделяют заготовку на пластины, две грани которых параллельны доменным ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Polarisierung eines piezoelektrischen Aktors

Es wird ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Polarisieren eines piezoelektrischen Aktors beschrieben, bei dem hochfrequente Pulsspannungen zur Polarisierung der Aktoren verwendet werden können. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dass ein zu polarisierender Aktor in Serie mit einem zweiten piezoelektrischen Aktor zwischen zwei Halteelementen angeordnet ist. Die Halteelemente versorgen den Aktor 1 mit einer gewünschten Vorspannkraft. Durch das Ausgleichselement werden Längenänderungen des Aktors 1 ausgeglichen, so dass auch bei hochfrequenten Pulsspannungen und damit hochfrequenten Längenänderungen die Vorspannkraft in einem gewünschten Wertebereich gehalten wird. Vorzugsweise wird der zweite piezoelektrische Aktor identisch zum ersten Aktor ausgebildet und wird mit dem ersten Aktor polarisiert. Dadurch können bei einem Polarisationsvorgang zwei piezoelektrische Aktoren gleichzeitig polarisiert werden.

Method for manufacturing piezo actuator, involves coupling piezoelectric inactive end area with assigned end surface of piezoelectric active area with formation of transition section between piezoelectric active and inactive end area

The method involves coupling a piezoelectric inactive end area with an assigned end surface of the piezoelectric active area (2) with formation of a transition section between the piezoelectric active area and the piezoelectric inactive end area. The piezoelectric inactive end area forms a defined discharge isolating area in the transition section. An independent claim is included for a piezo actuator with a piezo-electric active area.

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer optischen Vorrichtung für die Erzeugung eines frequenzverdoppelten optischen Strahls

Poling of a piezoelectric thin film element in a preferred electric field driving direction

A METHOD OF POLING AN ELECTROACTIVE COMPOSITE MATERIAL.

A method of poling an electroactive composite material including a polymer and an electroactive material, the method comprising providing a mixture of a polymer in a liquid form and an electroactive material in a powder form, applying an electric field to cause poling of the particles of the electroactive material while the polymer is in a liquid form, and curing the polymer.

PIEZO-ELECTRIC CERAMIC COUPLERS

LAMINATE FOR USE WITH THE PRODUCTION OF INK RADIATION PRINT HEADS

PROCEDURE FOR POLARIZING A PIEZOKERAMIK

PROCEDURE FOR POLARIZING FERROUSELECTRICAL MATERIAL

AN ELECTRONIC-IONIC POLYMER SENSOR FOR VOLTAGE GENERATION

The present invention relates to an electronic-ionic polymer sensor for voltage generation comprising a polymer blend membrane, wherein said polymer blend membrane comprises a TER polymer. a polyvinylpyrrolydine (PVP), and a polymer mixture of two ionomers; and an ionic liquid. The TER polymer is a polymeric mixture of Vinylidene fluoride, Trifluoroethylene, and Chlorotrifluoroethylene. The polymer mixture is PEDOT:PSS and wherein said ionomers are poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polystyrene sulfonate. Further, various experiments performed taking different ratios of the TER polymer, the polyvinylpyrrolydine (PVP), and said polymer mixture used for preparing the polymer blend membranes. A method of fabrication of electronic-ionic polymer blend sensor is also disclosed. The electronic-ionic polymer sensor having sensing voltage up to 27 V is disclosed. (a) TER polymer (b) F F F Cl F 0/ \ 0b - 0 0 /-%%SNIPPET%% ,0 00\ / (C s SOH SO3 03 H o. 03H PEDOT:PSS Fig. 1 ...

PIEZOELECTRIC COMPOSITES AND METHODS OF MAKING

There is a need for methods that can produce piezoelectric composites having suitable physical characteristics and also optimized electrical stimulatory properties. The present application provides piezoelectric composites, including tissue-stimulating composites, as well as methods of making such composites, that meet these needs. In embodiments, methods of making a spinal implant are provided. The methods suitably comprise preparing a thermoset, thermoplastic or thermoset/thermoplastic, or copolymer polymerizable matrix, dispersing a plurality of piezoelectric particles in the polymerizable matrix to generate dispersion, shaping the dispersion, inducing an electric polarization in the piezoelectric particles in the shaped dispersion, wherein at least 40% of the piezoelectric particles form chains.

Polarization method for piezoelectric layer and preparation method for ultrasonic biometric device

Flexible piezoelectric energy collector and manufacturing method thereof

Resonant actuator

A resonance actuator comprises a drive section equipped with a displacement element oscillating at a resonance frequency or in a frequency region in the vicinity of the resonance frequency, and a member driven by the displacement element, wherein the displacement element has a piezoelectric ceramic element composed of a bismuth layer compound. Displacing direction of the displacement element is preferably identical to the polarizing direction of the piezoelectric ceramic element, the bismuth layer compound has the c-axis of crystal axis preferably oriented in the direction perpendicularly intersecting the polarizing direction of the piezoelectric ceramic element, and the degree of orientation of the c-axis is preferably 75% or above by Lot gering method. Consequently, even if saturation vibration speed is high and the vibration speed is increased, the vibration speed is not destabilized and a fall in resonance frequency fr or mechanical quality factor Qm can be suppressed as much as possible ...

Preparation method of piezoelectric single crystal element

PEROVSKITE FERROELECTRIQUE

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REPOLARIZATION OF A PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR OF AN INJECTOR OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF A VEHICLE HAVING BEEN USED

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de repolarisation d'un actionneur piézoélectrique d'un injecteur d'un moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule ayant été utilisé, l'actionneur piézoélectrique ayant subi une polarisation initiale avant une mise en service du véhicule, le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes, l'actionneur piézoélectrique étant associé à l'injecteur, ce dernier étant monté sur le moteur, le moteur étant arrêté : • appliquer une première tension (V1) électrique de polarisation aux bornes de l'actionneur piézoélectrique durant un premier temps (T1) déterminé de dix minutes minimum, • arrêter l'application de la première tension de polarisation pendant un deuxième temps (T2), successif au premier temps, au moins égal à ce dernier, • appliquer une deuxième tension (V2) électrique de polarisation aux bornes de l'actionneur piézoélectrique durant un troisième temps (T3) déterminé, successif au deuxième temps, • arrêter l'application de la deuxième tension électrique ...

PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR.

Actionneur piézoélectrique (2) pour un injecteur de carburant (1). Il comprend un corps d'actionneur (23) composé de couches céramiques (26, 27) et entre celles-ci, des couches d'électrodes (28, 29). On développe des structures de domaines dans les couches céramiques (26, 27) par une polarisation variable en fréquence se faisant en suivant trois segments (T1, T2, T3). Au passage au segment suivant, de la polarisation variable en fréquence, on diminue la fréquence de la tension de commande et on augmente son amplitude.

TUNGSTEN BRONZE-TYPE PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR

Piezoelectric element, piezoelectric microphone, piezoelectric resonator and method for manufacturing piezoelectric element

A piezoelectric element includes a first piezoelectric layer which has a first polarization axis direction in a thickness direction of the first piezoelectric layer and is made of AlN. A second piezoelectric layer made of GeAIN which is deposited on the first piezoelectric layer and has a second polarization axis direction opposite to the first polarization axis direction. A first electrode is provided on a side of the first piezoelectric layer which is opposite from a side where the second piezoelectric layer is disposed. A second electrode provided on a side of the second piezoelectric layer which is opposite from a side where the first piezoelectric layer is disposed.

Piezoelectric sheet, method for manufacturing piezoelectric sheet, and manufacturing apparatus

A specific region of a polylactic acid sheet is heated by a microwave. To allow the polylactic acid sheet to exhibit piezoelectricity in the thickness direction of the polylactic acid sheet, a high voltage is applied to the heated polylactic acid sheet in the thickness direction of the polylactic acid sheet, and thereby the screw axes of at least a part of the polylactic acid molecules are relatively aligned with the thickness direction. Then the polylactic acid sheet is rapidly cooled, and thereby the polylactic acid molecules are immobilized. The same step is executed for other regions of the polylactic acid sheet, and thereby piezoelectricity is imparted to a wide area of the polylactic acid sheet in the thickness direction. The resultant piezoelectric sheet is capable of exhibiting a high piezoelectricity in the thickness direction.

Piezoelectric single crystal device

In a piezoelectric device that uses a vibration mode in a direction parallel to a polarization direction, a single crystal device that achieves an electromechanical coupling factor of 65% or more, which is more than the electromechanical coupling factor (about 60%) of the existing flat plane type piezoelectric single crystal device in that vibrational direction, is provided by performing certain treatment to its device plane. Specifically, a piezoelectric portion having a comb-shaped structure in which a plurality of slits are formed with a certain arrangement pitch on either of device planes whose polarization direction is their normal direction, the slits having a depth extending in a direction substantially perpendicular to the device plane and being filled with an insulating material, is formed to achieve 65% or more of an electromechanical coupling factor in a direction parallel to the polarization direction.

Piezoelectric material

Provided is a piezoelectric material including a lead-free perovskite-type composite oxide which is excellent in piezoelectric characteristics and temperature characteristics and is represented by the general formula (1): xABO3-yABO3-zABO3 in which A is a Bi element; A is a rare earth element including La; B is at least one element selected from Ti, Zn, Sn and Zr; A is at least one element selected from Ba, Sr and Ca; B is at least one element selected from divalent, trivalent, pentavalent, tetravalent, and hexavalent elements; and x is a value of 0.10 or more and 0.95 or less, y is a value of 0 or more and 0.5 or less, and z is a value of 0 or more and 0.7 or less, provided that x+y+z=1.

Electromechanical transducer element, liquid discharge head, liquid discharge apparatus

An electromechanical transducer element includes an electromechanical transducer film including a complex oxide that has a perovskite structure containing at least Pb, Zr and Ti; a pair of electrodes disposed to sandwich the electromechanical transducer film; and an insulating protective film covering the electromechanical transducer film and the pair of electrodes. Pb content of the electromechanical transducer film is uniform in a film thickness direction of the electromechanical transducer film, and a density of leak current measured between the pair of electrodes is 4.2×10−6 A/cm2 or less in an environment in which a water vapor pressure is 300 kPa.

METHODs FOR PRODUCING A HOUSING STRUCTURE AT LEAST PARTIALLY ENCLOSING AT LEAST ONE COMPONENT AND HOUSING STRUCTURE PRODUCED BY SAID METHODs

COMPOSITE PIEZOELECTRIC SUBSTRATE MANUFACTURING METHOD

Способ поляризации пьезокерамических элементов и устройство для его осуществления

Изобретение относится к производству пьезокерамических элементов (ПКЭ) и предназначено для поляризации в воздушной среде крупногабаритных изделий из сегнетожестких материалов с температурой Кюри до 350°C в условиях серийного производства. Технический результат: уменьшение разброса электрофизических параметров ПКЭ за счет создания одинаковых условий поляризации для всех ПКЭ и снижение температуры нагрева за счет повышения напряженности электрического пробоя ПКЭ в воздушной среде. Сущность: устройство содержит установленные по окружности на основании поляризационной камеры n кассет с закрепленными в них ПКЭ, узел распределения напряжения поляризации между ПКЭ, содержащий проходной высоковольтный контакт, выполненный в виде вертикального штока, к которому снизу подключен скользящий контакт, соединенный через один и тот же токоограничивающий резистор с одним из выводов источника высокого напряжения, а сверху он имеет коммутирующий контакт, выполненный в виде гибкой металлической пластины, для ...

Способ поляризации пленки ПВДФ в поле коронного разряда

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines keramischen Bauelements und ein keramisches Bauelement

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines keramischen Bauelements angegeben, wobei ein Grundkörper (SB) mit internen Elektroden, deren Außenkanten sich auf zumindest einer Außenoberfläche (OF1) des Grundkörpers befinden, sowie eine Zusammensetzung (EC) mit einem elektrophoretisch mobilen Isoliermaterial (IM) bereitgestellt werden. Das Isoliermaterial (IM) wird auf der Außenoberfläche (OF1) des Grundkörpers auf den Außenkanten der internen Elektroden mittels Elektrophorese strukturiert abgeschieden und zur Erzeugung einer elektrisch isolierenden Schicht (IS) auf den Außenkanten verwendet. Des Weiteren wird ein keramisches Bauelement mit einer derartigen isolierenden Schicht angegeben.

Verfahren zum Polarisieren von mindestens einem Teilgebiet von Folien aus ferroelektrischen Stoffen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung von polarisierten Elementen für piezoelektrische oder pyroelektrische Aufnehmer beziehungsweise Geber

A method of poling piezoelectric elements of an actuator

A method of poling the piezoelectric elements (24 figure 1) of an actuator (22 figure 1) comprises applying a heating waveform or field to a plurality of piezoelectric elements to increase the temperature of the piezoelectric elements to a poling temperature. A poling waveform or field is then applied to one or more of the plurality of piezoelectric elements for a poling time period to pole the piezoelectric elements. A holding poling waveform or field is then applied to the one or more of the plurality of piezoelectric elements to maintain poling whilst the temperature of the actuator decreases. This method may be carried out while the piezoelectric elements are assembled to form an actuator in a printhead.

Variable-frequency polarization of a piezoelectric actuator

A piezoelectric actuator (2, fig 1) for a fuel injection valve (1, fig 1) has an actuator body (23, fig 1) that comprises a plurality of ceramic layers (26, 27, fig 1) and a plurality of electrode layers (28, 29, fig 1) disposed between the ceramic layers (26, 27, fig 1). The domain structures in the ceramic layers are formed by variable frequency polarization, which may be effected in three intervals T1, T2, T3. Upon the transition to a subsequent interval of the variable frequency polarization, the frequency f of the polarizing voltage is reduced and the amplitude of the polarizing voltage is increased.

PIZEOELECTRIC DEVICES

A piezoelectric device comprises a thin layer 12 of piezoelectric ceramic material mounted upon a substrate 10, wherein: the layer of piezoelectric ceramic material is a composition of a "piezoelectric" ceramic in powder form distributed within a continuous phase of a glass-like binding agent, and is formed and thereafter electrically polarised in situ. The layer of piezoelectric ceramic may be of laminated construction.The piezoelectric material may consist of a lead zirconate/titanate compound in a lead borosilicate binder. A liquid carrier is further included so as to produce a paste suitable for screen printing. ...

Polarization of ceramic transducer material

... 673,729. Piezo-electric crystals. BRUSH DEVELOPMENT CO. May 3, 1950 [May 27, 1949], No. 10900/50. Class 40 (viii). Ceramic piezo-electric material of the titanate class is subjected to a polarizing potential while at a temperature substantially above room temperature. The temperature may be at or substantially above the Curie point of the material and the potential may be maintained while the material cools to room temperature. The material may be heated and polarized during cooling several times the direction of polarization being reversed each time. It may consist of barium titanate and may also contain a small amount of a compound of tin or of lead titanate. Specification 648,403 is referred to.

Method of poling ferroelectric materials

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A WITH INTENDED OF DIRECTIONS AND LIMITED THRUST FORCE FOR OPERATION KEY

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINER MIT BESTIMMUNGSGEMASS GERICHTETER UND BEMESSENER DRUCKKRAFT ZU BETATIGENDEN TASTE

DEVICE FROM PIEZOELECTRIC SINGLE CRYSTAL AND PROCEDURE FOR YOUR PRODUCTION

PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A MONOLITHIC ONE PIEZOAKTORS WITH PARTIAL PILES, MONOLITHICALLY PIEZOAKTOR WITH PARTIAL PILES AND USE OF THE PIEZOAKTORS

PHASED ARRAY TRANSDUCER CONSTRUCTION

PHASED ARRAY TRANSDUCER CONSTRUCTION A method of manufacturing a phased array ultrasound transducer, and the transducer manufactured by the inventive method are described. In the method, a piezoelectric crystal is soldered to the eyes of a pair of double sided printed circuit boards, each of which has traces on either side. Then, a backing material is poured to secure the crystal and boards, and a saw is used to define the elements of the transducer.

DIGITAL IMAGE SIGNAL PROCESSING APPARATUS

PATENT 450100.2800 Alternating current coefficients in a block of orthogonal transform coefficients representing a digital image are quantized with a quantization step size selected with regard to whether the block represents motion or a still image, the fineness of the pictorial pattern in the image, the position of the coefficients in the block, and whether the coefficients represent luminance or chrominance information in the image. The fineness of the pictorial pattern is determined in accordance with the number of alternating current coefficients that exceed a first relatively small threshold value. If any of the alternating current coefficients exceed a second relatively large threshold value, the block is considered to have a high activity, that is, a fine pattern, and so is quantized with a large quantization step. BP16:2800.APP ...

Piezoelectric ceramic composition and piezoelectric component

Method for producing piezoelectric ceramic

Provided is a method for producing a piezoelectric ceramic which can improve toughness thereof. Provided is a method for producing a piezoelectric ceramic which includes a step of polarizing a piezoelectric ceramic having a main component represented by a composition formula Pba[(MnbNbc)dTieZrf]O3, wherein a to f satisfy 0.98<=a<=1.01, 0.340<=b<=0.384, 0.616<=c<=0.660, 0.08<=d<=0.12, 0.500<=e<=0.540, 0.37<=f<=0.41, and bd+cd+e+f=1, and 1 to 10% by weight of Al in terms of Al2O3 as an additive, and heat-treating the polarized piezoelectric ceramic for 10 to 60 minutes in a range of 200 to 300 DEG C. As a result of this heat treatment, toughness of the piezoelectric ceramic can be improved.

Multi-layer piezoelectric component

A lamination type piezoelectric element is disclosed, comprising a lamination body composed by alternatively laminating a piezoelectric body and an internal electrode, characterized in that a part of the piezoelectric body contacting with the internal electrode has average crystallization size which is larger than that of other positions.

A method for polarizing at least a zone of a sheet of material ferroelectric, and proceeded pourréaliser an element polarized for piezoelectric or pyrolectric sensor

On dispose des électrodes (10, 11) contre deux surfaces opposées (20, 21) de la feuille (19) de façon que la zone à polariser (22) s'étende dans l'intervalle entre ces deux électrodes (10, 11). On comprime la zone à polariser (22), et on applique une tension variable entre les électrodes (10, 11). Chacune des électrodes (10, 11) est liée à un support isolant respectif (12, 15) ayant une superficie supérieure à celle de la zone à polariser (22) sur la feuille de matériau ferroélectrique (19). Ce support isolant (12, 15) comporte, à côté de l'électrode (10, 11), une couche de matériau diélectrique (14, 17) dont la surface extérieure (14a, 17a) affleure la surface extérieure (10a, 11a) de l'électrode.

Method for transforming crystalline or amorphous solids

PEROVSKITE FERROELECTRIQUE

L'invention concerne les pérovskites ferroélectriques ainsi que leurs procédés de fabrication. Les procédés de fabrication de ces pérovskites ferroélectriques sont caractérisés en ce qu'ils comportent une étape d'insertion d'ions fluorures dans des lacunes d'oxygène. Ces procédés peuvent, par exemple, comprendre les étapes suivantes: -une coprécipitation des différents cations composant la pérovskite de manière à créer des lacunes d'oxygène, -un mélange du précipité formé et d'un fluorure métallique ou non métallique, -un traitement thermique permettant l'insertion d'ions fluorures dans les lacunes d'oxygène. Les pérovskites sont utilisées comme matière première de céramiques piézo-électriques appliquées dans des domaines aussi variés que les transducteurs électroacoustiques, les moteurs piézo-électriques, la soudure, l'usinage et le nettoyage industriel.

COAXIAL FLEXIBLE PIEZOELECTRIC CABLE DEFECT DETECTOR AND DEFECT DETECTING METHOD

POLYMER COMPOSITE PIEZOELECTRIC BODY AND PIEZOELECTRIC FILM

Provided are a polymer composite piezoelectric body and a piezoelectric film configured for high productivity and capable of suppressing the loss of piezoelectric conversion efficiency under harsh temperature/humidity conditions. The polymer composite piezoelectric body contains piezoelectric particles in a matrix including a polymer material, has a SP value of less than 12.5 (cal/cm3)1/2, and contains, in terms of mass ratio, more than 500 ppm but not more than 10,000 ppm of a substance that is liquid at a normal temperature. Voids are formed in the polymer composite piezoelectric body, and the area ratio of voids with respect to the cross section of the polymer composite piezoelectric body is 0.1-20%.

MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR ELECTRODE OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT AND STRUCTURE OF PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT

A manufacturing method for an electrode of a high-temperature piezoelectric element, comprises: coating traditional conductive slurry on surfaces of a molded piezoelectric material (); then polarizing the piezoelectric material (); and then removing the coating of conductive slurry () on the surfaces there of, and connecting the piezoelectric material to outside electrode lead wires () to output a signal generated by piezoelectric effect thereof. A structure of a high-temperature piezoelectric element, comprises polarized piezoelectric material (), wherein the coating of metallic conductive slurry () is removed from the surfaces of the polarized piezoelectric material () and the surfaces of the polarized piezoelectric material () is connected to electrode lead wires () to output a signal generated by piezoelectric effect thereof. By removing the traditional coating of slurry for electrode, it is avoided that the output resistance of the piezoelectric element is reduced because of the high temperature diffusion of electrode material at a high temperature, and the thermal performance of the piezoelectric element is improved. By adding diamond or graphite coating as electrode, the sensitivity of outputting charges of the piezoelectric element is improved. 1. A manufacturing method for an electrode of a high-temperature piezoelectric element , comprising the following steps:a) molding piezoelectric material according to specifications;b) coating, sputtering or evaporating a traditional conductive slurry on upper and lower surfaces of the molded piezoelectric material;c) polarizing the piezoelectric material coated with the conductive slurry;d) removing the coating of the conductive slurry from the surfaces of the piezoelectric material;then spraying graphite on the surfaces of the piezoelectric material, and adjusting the roughness of the sprayed surfaces;e) connecting electrode lead wires on the surfaces of the piezoelectric material, to output a signal generated by a ...

Method for producing piezoelectric actuator and method for producing liquid transport apparatus

A vibration layer is formed by the AD method on a cavity plate before forming pressure chambers, a common electrode is formed on the vibration layer, and a piezoelectric layer is formed on the common electrode by the AD method. Subsequently, the pressure chambers are formed in the cavity plate by the etching. After that, individual electrodes are formed on the piezoelectric layer. Subsequently, the stack of the cavity plate, the vibration layer, the common electrode, the piezoelectric layer, and the individual electrodes is heated at about 850° C. to simultaneously perform the annealing of the piezoelectric layer and the sintering of the individual electrodes and the common electrode. Accordingly, the atoms of the cavity plate are suppressed from being diffused into the driving portions of the piezoelectric layer.

Method of manufacturing an oscillator

Provided is a method of manufacturing an oscillator, including: arranging an electrode on a piezoelectric ceramics free from being subjected to polarization treatment, to thereby provide a piezoelectric element; bonding the piezoelectric element and a diaphragm to each other at a temperature T 1 ; bonding the piezoelectric element and a power supply member to each other at a temperature T 2 ; and subjecting the piezoelectric ceramics to polarization treatment at a temperature T 3 , in which the temperature T 1 , the temperature T 2 , and the temperature T 3 satisfy a relationship T 1 >T 3 and a relationship T 2 >T 3.

Method for manufacturing fingerprint recognition module, fingerprint recognition module, and display device

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for manufacturing a fingerprint recognition method, a fingerprint recognition module, and a display device. The method for manufacturing the fingerprint recognition module includes: providing a backplane; forming a bonding terminal in a bonding area of the backplane; forming a sensing electrode in a fingerprint recognition area of the backplane; forming an insulation layer cladding the bonding terminal in the bonding area, and forming a piezoelectric material layer in the fingerprint recognition area, where an orthographic projection of the piezoelectric material layer on the backplane coincides with an orthographic projection of the sensing electrode on the backplane; performing polarization processing on the piezoelectric material layer; and peeling off the insulation layer.

強誘電体の脱分極方法、および強誘電体デバイス

圧電アクチュエータユニットおよびその製造方法、ならびに支持ケース

СПОСОБ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦИИ ПЛЁНКИ ИЗ ПОЛИМЕРНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу поляризации пленок из полимерного материала и к устройству для осуществления этого способа. В способе поляризации пленки из полимерного материала согласно изобретению перемещают пленку 1, контактирующую с поверхностью заземленного электрода 2, с заданной скоростью относительно источника 4 коронного разряда, размещенного на заданном расстоянии по меньшей мере над всей поверхностью по ширине перемещаемой пленки, и подвергают воздействию лазерного излучения 7 зону пленки 1 в процессе ее перемещения непосредственно перед источником 4 коронного разряда для кратковременного повышения подвижности молекулярных групп в макроцепочках полимерного материала. Использование изобретения обеспечивает повышение эффективности процесса и его высокую технологичность для широкого спектра полимерных материалов, а также снижение вероятности термоокислительной деструкции полимеров. 2 н. и 4 з.п. ф-лы, 3 ил.

Gerät und Verfahren zur Verarbeitung von digitalen Bildsignalen

Polarising device for piezoelectric material has constant temperature bath for maintaining polaring temperature provided with polarisation section for piezoelectric material

The polarising device (1) has a temperature raising section (3) for increasing the temperature of the piezoelectric material (8) to a polarisation temperature and a constant temperature bath (4) with a gas atmosphere for maintaining the polarisation temperature and a polarisation section (22) for polarisation of the piezoelectric material. An Independent claim for a polarisation method for a piezoelectric material is also included.

Verfahren zur Polarisierung ferroelektrischer Materialien

Verfahren zur Polarisierung ferroelektrischer Materialien

Piezoelectric vibrator

A strip piezoelectric vibrator of energy confinement type using a third harmonic in a thickness shear mode. A piezoelectric vibrator (1) comprises a strip piezoelectric ceramic substrate (2) polarized in the longitudinal direction and first and second exciting electrodes (3, 4) provided on the first and second major surfaces (2a, 2b) of the piezoelectric ceramic substrate (2). In the piezoelectric ceramic substrate (2), an excited region (5) including a piezoelectric vibration section which uses harmonics in a thickness shear mode and includes the portion where the first and second exciting electrodes (3, 4) are superimposed on one the other when viewed from above. Sections around the piezoelectric vibrating section are non-excited regions. The direction of the polarization axis of the at least the regions adjacent to the piezoelectric vibrating section out of the non-excited regions is the same as that of the polarization axis of the excited region (5), and the polarizability of the region ...

COMMONLY-POLED PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICE

A system for poling piezoelectric devices comprises a plurality of thin-film components, a plurality of piezoelectric devices, a poling pad for poling the piezoelectric devices, a plurality of traces, and a plurality of current-limiting elements. The thin-film components are separated by dice lanes to form an array, and the piezoelectric devices are formed on the thin-film components. The traces connect the piezoelectric devices across the dice lanes in parallel to the poling pad. Each current-limiting element is connected in series with one of the piezoelectric devices, in order to limit current to individual piezoelectric devices that experience current-related failure. 1. A system comprising:a poling source for poling a plurality of piezoelectric devices;a plurality of traces connecting the plurality of piezoelectric devices at least partially in parallel to the poling source; anda plurality of current-limiting elements, each current-limiting element being connected with one of the plurality of piezoelectric devices.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each current-limiting element comprises a fuse that creates an open circuit when one of the individual piezoelectric devices experiences current-related failure.3. The system of claim 2 , further comprising a sacrificial pad connected in series with the fuse claim 2 , such that the fuse creates the open circuit when a forcing potential is applied to the sacrificial pad.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein each current-limiting element comprises a resistor that provides a current-limiting resistance when one of the individual piezoelectric devices experiences current-related failure.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein each piezoelectric device is connected between a single-ended electrode pad and a common ground pad on each of a plurality of thin-film components.6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of traces connect each piezoelectric device to the poling source in a single-comb parallel trace configuration.7 ...

ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSTIC APPARATUS AND OPERATION METHOD OF ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSTIC APPARATUS

There are provided an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus and an operation method of an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus capable of performing polarization processing during the execution period of ultrasound diagnosis without affecting the image quality of an ultrasound image. In the ultrasound diagnostic apparatus and the operation method of the ultrasound diagnostic apparatus of the invention, a trigger generation circuit generates a trigger for starting polarization processing. After a trigger is given, during the execution period of ultrasound diagnosis, in a non-diagnosis period which is a period other than a period for acquiring an image of each frame and during which transmission of ultrasound waves and reception of reflected waves for performing ultrasound diagnosis are not performed, within each frame time in which an image of each frame of an ultrasound image is acquired, a control circuit performs polarization processing on a plurality of ultrasound transducers. 1. An ultrasound diagnostic apparatus for acquiring an ultrasound image and an endoscope image , comprising:an ultrasound endoscope comprising an ultrasound observation portion that transmits ultrasound waves using an ultrasound transducer array in which a plurality of ultrasound transducers are arranged, receives reflected waves of the ultrasound waves, and outputs a reception signal; andan ultrasound processor apparatus that generates the ultrasound image by converting the reception signal into an image,wherein the ultrasound processor apparatus comprises:a trigger generation circuit that generates a trigger for starting polarization processing; anda control circuit that performs the polarization processing on the plurality of ultrasound transducers in a non-diagnosis period, which is a period other than a period for acquiring an image of each frame and during which transmission of the ultrasound waves and reception of the reflected waves for performing ultrasound diagnosis are not performed, within ...

MOBILE COMMERCE PLATFORMS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONVERTING CONSUMER COINS, CASH, AND/OR OTHER FORMS OF VALUE FOR USE WITH SAME

Systems and methods for converting consumer coins, cash, and/or other forms of value for use with mobile commerce platforms implemented on, for example, smart phones, PDAs, and other mobile devices. In one embodiment, a method for implementing a mobile commerce account on a mobile device includes receiving coins and/or other funds from a user at a consumer-operated kiosk. The method can further include counting the coins and/or other funds to determine a value, and then communicating at least a portion of the value from the kiosk to the hand-held mobile device for deposit in the mobile commerce account. 118-. (canceled)19. A system for transferring funds to a mobile commerce account , the system comprising: a funds receiving portion configured to receive funds from a user;', 'a funds counting portion configured to count the funds received from the user to determine a value;', 'memory storing one or more display pages configured to receive information from the user to facilitate transferring at least a portion of the value to one or more mobile commerce accounts usable via a mobile device of the user;', 'a display configured to display the one or more display pages;', 'a user interface configured to receive input from the user in response to the display pages, wherein the input includes: identification information associated with the user, mobile commerce account information, and/or transfer value information; and', 'at least one communication device configured to exchange information with one or more processing devices separate from the kiosk; and, 'a consumer-operated kiosk, wherein the consumer-operated kiosk includes'}at least one remote computer configured to receive information from the at least one communication device, wherein the information is associated with the input received from the user, and wherein the at least one remote computer is configured to respond to the information by facilitating transfer of the portion of the value to the one or more mobile ...

MOTHER PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, LAMINATED PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR LAMINATED PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT

The structure of a mother piezoelectric element allows a polarization process to be performed on the mother body before the individual piezoelectric elements are cut from the mother piezoelectric element. The mother piezoelectric element includes a plurality of first internal electrodes which are provided on at least one first surface and a plurality of second internal electrodes which are provided on at least one second surface. Each of the first and second internal electrodes is led out to any of first to fourth side surfaces of a mother piezoelectric body. The plurality of first internal electrodes are electrically connected to each other on a first surface and the plurality of second internal electrodes are electrical connected to each other on a second surface. All the first internal electrodes in the mother piezoelectric body are electrically connected to each other, and all the second internal electrodes in the mother piezoelectric body are electrically connected to each other. 1. A mother piezoelectric element , comprising:a mother piezoelectric body having (a) first and second planar main surfaces which are parallel and opposed to one another and (b) n side surfaces which extend between the first and second main surfaces, n being an integer greater than or equal to one;m first internal electrodes located in the mother piezoelectric body and lying in a first plane which is parallel to the first main surface, each of the first internal electrodes having a respective first lead-out part, each first lead-out part extending to at least one of the n side surfaces, the first internal electrodes being electrically connected to one another by connection parts lying in the first plane;m second internal electrodes located in the mother piezoelectric body and lying in a second plane which is parallel to and spaced from the first plane, each of the second internal electrodes having a respective second lead-out part, each second lead-out part extending to at least one of ...

Method and system to prevent depoling of ultrasound transducer

An ultrasound system, probe and method are provided. The ultrasound system includes a transducer with piezoelectric transducer elements polarized in a poling direction. A bipolar transmit circuit is configured to generate a transmit signal having first and second polarity segments. The first and second polarity segments have corresponding first and second peak amplitudes. A bias generator is configured to generate a bias signal in a direction of the poling direction. The bias signal is combined with the transmit signal to form a biased transmit signal that is shifted in the direction of the poling direction and still includes both of positive and negative voltages over a transmit cycle.

PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, VIBRATOR, VIBRATION WAVE MOTOR, OPTICAL APPARATUS, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

A piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric material layer and an electrode layer, wherein the piezoelectric material layer and the electrode layer are stacked on top of each other, the piezoelectric material layer includes a barium titanate-based material, and two coercive fields Ec and Ec of the piezoelectric element have the same sign and satisfy (|EcEc)≥8 kV/cm. 1. A piezoelectric element comprising:a piezoelectric material layer; andan electrode layer,wherein the piezoelectric material layer and the electrode layer are stacked on top of each other,wherein the piezoelectric material layer includes a barium titanate-based material, and{'b': 1', '2', '2', '1, 'wherein two coercive fields Ec and Ec of the piezoelectric element have the same sign and satisfy (|Ec|−|Ec|)≥8 kV/cm.'}22. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , wherein a value of |Ec| is 10 kV/cm or more.312. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in a hysteresis loop of the piezoelectric element claim 1 , an area S surrounded by a hysteresis loop having a field polarity different from the Ec and the Ec and an axis of a zero field satisfies S≤5 mV·C/m.412. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in a hysteresis loop of the piezoelectric element claim 1 , (|Pmax−Pmin|)≥15 μC/cmis satisfied where Pmax and Pmin respectively denote a maximum value and a minimum value of a polarization quantity having the same field polarity as the Ec and the Ec.52112. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , in a hysteresis loop of the piezoelectric element claim 1 , the product of (|Ec|−|Ec|) and (|Pmax−Pmin|) is 120 kV·C/mor more where Pmax and Pmin respectively denote a maximum value and a minimum value of a polarization quantity having a field polarity in which the Ec and the Ec are located.6. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of piezoelectric material layers and a plurality of electrode ...

PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A piezoelectric sensor, a manufacturing method thereof and an electronic device are provided. The piezoelectric sensor includes a substrate, an active layer, the active layer being disposed at a side of the substrate: a first electrode, the first electrode being disposed at a side of the active laver a wav from the substrate, and the first electrode including a plurality of sub-electrodes disposed at intervals: a piezoelectric layer, the piezoelectric layer being disposed at a side of the first electrode away from the active layer; and a second electrode, the second electrode being disposed at a side of the piezoelectric layer away from the first electrode. The active layer is configured to be capable of switching between an insulating state and a conducting state, and in the conducting state the active layer is capable of conducting the plurality of sub-electrodes. 1. A piezoelectric sensor , comprising:a substrate;an active layer, the active layer being disposed at a side of the substrate;a first electrode, the first electrode being disposed at a side of the active layer away from the substrate, and the first electrode comprising a plurality of sub-electrodes disposed at intervals;a piezoelectric layer, the piezoelectric layer being disposed at a side of the first electrode away from the active layer; anda second electrode, the second electrode being disposed at a side of the piezoelectric layer away from the first electrode, whereinthe active layer is configured to be capable of switching between an insulating state and a conducting state, and in the conducting state, the active layer is capable of conducting the plurality of sub-electrodes.2. The piezoelectric sensor according to claim 1 , wherein a spacing region is provided between adjacent sub-electrodes in the plurality of sub-electrodes claim 1 , and an orthographic projection of the active layer on the substrate at least covers an orthographic projection of the spacing region on the substrate.3. The ...

PRODUCING METHOD OF SUSPENSION BOARD WITH CIRCUIT

A method for producing a suspension board with circuit includes a first step of preparing a suspension board including a metal supporting layer, a base insulating layer disposed at one surface in a thickness direction of the metal supporting layer, and a conductive pattern disposed at one surface in the thickness direction of the base insulating layer and having a terminal portion; a second step of connecting a piezoelectric element to the terminal portion by solder and heating the solder at a temperature of not less than a depolarization temperature allowing polarization of the piezoelectric element to start disappearing; and a third step of applying a voltage to the piezoelectric element so as to repolarize the piezoelectric element connected to the terminal portion. 1. A method for producing a suspension board with circuit comprising:a first step of preparing a suspension board including a metal supporting layer, a base insulating layer disposed al one surface in a thickness direction of the metal supporting layer, and a conductive pattern disposed at one surface in a thickness direction of the base insulating layer and having a terminal portion;a second step of connecting a piezoelectric element to the terminal portion by solder and heating the solder at a temperature of not less than a depolarization temperature allowing polarization of the piezoelectric element to start disappearing; anda third step of applying a voltage to the piezoelectric element so as to repolarize the piezoelectric element connected to the terminal portion.2. The method for producing a suspension board with circuit according to claim 1 , whereinthe depolarization temperature is not less than a half of the Curie temperature of the piezoelectric element.3. The method for producing a suspension board with circuit according to claim 1 , whereinin the first step, a plurality of suspension boards are prepared and the plurality of suspension boards are configured as an assembly in which a ...

ARTIFICIALLY ORIENTED PIEZOELECTRIC FILM FOR INTEGRATED FILTERS

The present disclosure relates to semiconductor structures and, more particularly, to artificially oriented piezoelectric films for integrated filters and methods of manufacture. The structure includes: a piezoelectric film with effective crystalline orientations of the polar axis rotated 90 degrees from a natural orientation for planar deposited films; and a conductor pattern formed on a surface of the piezoelectric film. 1. A method comprising:forming a piezoelectric film with effective crystalline orientations of a polar axis rotated 90 degrees from a natural orientation for planar deposited piezoelectric films; andforming electrodes on a planar surface of the piezoelectric film.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming of the piezoelectric film comprises:patterning a mandrel material to form lines and spaces;depositing a first piezoelectric film within the spaces and above the patterned mandrel material;planarizing the first piezoelectric film to expose an upper surface of the patterned mandrel material;removing the patterned mandrel material to form spaces between the first piezoelectric film;depositing a second piezoelectric film within spaces between first piezoelectric film; andplanarizing the second piezoelectric film.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:the planarizing the first piezoelectric film opens airgaps formed in the first piezoelectric film; depositing a third piezoelectric film within opened airgaps of the second piezoelectric film; and', 'planarizing the third piezoelectric film to a level of the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film., 'the depositing of the second piezoelectric film fills the opened airgaps; and further comprising4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the first claim 3 , second and third piezoelectric films are AlN.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first piezoelectric film and the second piezoelectric film grow with a polar axis in a horizontal crystallographic orientation from sidewalls of the ...

METHOD FOR POLING PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR ELEMENTS

A method of poling piezoelectric elements of an actuator comprises applying an electric pulse heating waveform to the piezoelectric element(s) in order to increase the temperature thereof to a poling temperature (S), applying an electric field poling waveform to the piezoelectric element(s) for a poling time period (S), and apply an electric field holding poling waveform to the piezoelectric element(s) to maintain poling whilst the temperature of the actuator decreases (S). 1. A method for poling piezoelectric elements of two or more piezoelectric actuators , the method comprising:applying a heating waveform to one or more of the piezoelectric elements to increase the temperature of the piezoelectric actuators from a first temperature to a poling temperature;applying a poling waveform to one or more of the piezoelectric elements when the poling temperature has been reached, for a poling time period, to pole the one or more piezoelectric elements; andafter expiry of the poling time period, applying a holding poling waveform to the one or more piezoelectric elements to which the poling waveform was applied until the temperature of the piezoelectric actuators has decreased from the poling temperature to a second temperature.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the holding poling waveform comprises a holding poling and heating waveform claim 1 , and wherein the holding poling and heating waveform comprises a heating effect less than that needed to maintain the poling temperature.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the holding poling waveform comprises a first holding poling and heating waveform and a second holding poling waveform claim 1 , and wherein the first holding poling and heating waveform comprises a heating effect less than that needed to maintain the poling temperature claim 1 , the method further comprising:applying the first holding poling and heating waveform until the temperature of the piezoelectric actuators has decreased from the poling temperature to an ...

PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, PROBE, ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT DEVICE, ELECTRONIC APPARATUS, POLARIZATION PROCESSING METHOD, AND INITIALIZATION DEVICE

A piezoelectric element is provided with three electrodes, namely a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, arranged linearly on one side surface of a piezoelectric body at regular intervals. A polarization processing electric field is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, and then the polarization processing electric field is applied between the second electrode and the third electrode. The polarization processing electrode field on this occasion is a half as strong as in the case of performing the polarization process of applying the electric field at a time between the first electrode and the third electrode. 1. A piezoelectric element in which a piezoelectric effect generated between first one of electrodes and N-th (N≧3) one of the electrodes is put into a practical use , the piezoelectric element comprising:a piezoelectric body; andan electrode structure having N electrodes disposed on one side surface of the piezoelectric body,wherein a process, in which a polarization processing electric field in a certain direction with respect to the electrode structure is applied between i-th and former ones of the electrodes and (i+1)-th and later ones of the electrodes, is performed with respect to each of values of i=1 through (N−1) to perform a polarization process to align a polarization moment of the piezoelectric body with the certain direction.2. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , whereina distance between electrode adjacent to each other is no smaller than 2 μm and no larger than 8 μm.3. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , whereinthe polarization processing electric field is stronger than a coercive electric field of the piezoelectric body.4. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , whereinthe electrode structure is formed of the N electrodes arranged linearly.5. The piezoelectric element according to claim 4 , whereinthe electrode structure is formed of the N electrodes arranged at ...

PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT OSCILLATORY WAVE MOTOR AND OPTICAL APPARATUS

A piezoelectric element that can decrease the output voltage for detection relative to the input voltage for driving without requiring a step-down circuit between a detection phase electrode and a phase comparator and an oscillatory wave motor including the piezoelectric element are provided. A piezoelectric element includes a piezoelectric material having a first surface and a second surface, a common electrode disposed on the first surface, and a drive phase electrode and a detection phase electrode disposed on the second surface. An absolute value d(1) of a piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric material in a portion (1) sandwiched between the drive phase electrode and the common electrode and an absolute value d(2) of a piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric material in a portion (2) sandwiched between the detection phase electrode and the common electrode satisfy d(2) Подробнее

MULTILAYER PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, PIEZOELECTRIC VIBRATION APPARATUS, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A multilayer piezoelectric element includes a ceramic body formed by a piezoelectric ceramic, and having first and second end face facing a longitudinal direction, first and second principal faces facing a thickness direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. A pair of external electrodes cover the first and second end faces, extend from the first and second end faces onto the first principal face via ridge parts connecting the end faces with the principal faces, and project in the thickness direction on the first principal face. Multiple internal electrodes are stacked inside the ceramic body and are connected alternately to the pair of external electrodes along the thickness direction. A surface electrode is provided on at least one of the first and second principal faces, and connected to the external electrode different from the one to which the internal electrode adjacent in the thickness direction is connected. 1. A multilayer piezoelectric element , comprising:a ceramic body formed by a piezoelectric ceramic and having first and second end faces facing a longitudinal direction, first and second principal faces facing a thickness direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and ridge parts connecting the respective first and second end faces with the respective first and second principal faces;a pair of external electrodes covering the first and second end faces, extending from the first and second end faces onto the first principal face via the ridge parts, and projecting in the thickness direction on the first principal face, respectively, where an apex part which is a highest part of a projecting portion of each external electrode in the thickness direction on the first principal face is present and provided directly above the first principal face in the thickness direction;multiple internal electrodes stacked inside the ceramic body along the thickness direction and connected alternately to the pair of external electrodes along the ...

ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCER, LIQUID DISCHARGE HEAD, LIQUID DISCHARGE APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCER

An electromechanical transducer includes an electromechanical transducer film of laminated layers including a perovskite-type complex oxide represented by a general formula of ABO; and a pair of electrodes opposed to each other with the electromechanical transducer film interposed between the pair of electrodes. In the general formula of ABO, A includes Pb and B includes Zr and Ti. A variable ratio ΔPb of Pb, determined by Pb(max)−Pb(min), is 6% or less and a variable ratio ΔZr of Zr, determined by Zr(max)−Zr(min), is 9% or less, where an atomic weight ratio of Pb in the electromechanical transducer film is denoted by Pb/B, an atomic weight ratio of Zr in the electromechanical transducer film is denoted by Zr/B, a maximum value and a minimum value of the atomic weight ratio of Pb in a film thickness direction of the electromechanical transducer film are denoted by Pb(max) and Pb(min), respectively, and a maximum value and a minimum value of the atomic weight ratio of Zr in the film thickness direction of the electromechanical transducer film are denoted by Zr(max) and Zr(min), respectively. 1. An electromechanical transducer comprising:{'sub': '3', 'an electromechanical transducer film of laminated layers including a perovskite-type complex oxide represented by a general formula of ABO; and'}a pair of electrodes opposed to each other with the electromechanical transducer film interposed between the pair of electrodes,{'sub': '3', 'wherein, in the general formula of ABO, A includes Pb and B includes Zr and Ti,'}wherein a variable ratio ΔPb of Pb, determined by Pb(max)−Pb(min), is 6% or less and a variable ratio ΔZr of Zr, determined by Zr(max)−Zr(min), is 9% or less,where an atomic weight ratio of Pb in the electromechanical transducer film is denoted by Pb/B, an atomic weight ratio of Zr in the electromechanical transducer film is denoted by Zr/B, a maximum value and a minimum value of the atomic weight ratio of Pb in a film thickness direction of the ...

Piezoelectric Single Crystal With Near-Perfect Transparency And High Piezoelectricity, Preparation Method And Application Thereof

The present invention discloses a transparent piezoelectric single crystal with high piezoelectricity and a preparation method thereof, a photoacoustic transducer, a transparent actuator and an optical-electro-mechanical coupling device prepared from the transparent piezoelectric single crystal with high piezoelectricity. The piezoelectric single crystal is a binary/ternary relaxor-PT based ferroelectric crystal poled by an AC electric field, and has ultrahigh piezoelectricity and excellent transparency. 1. A transparent piezoelectric single crystal with high piezoelectricity , wherein the piezoelectric single crystal is a binary/ternary relaxor-PT based ferroelectric crystal.2. The transparent piezoelectric single crystal with high piezoelectricity according to claim 1 , wherein the structural formula of the binary/ternary relaxor-PT based ferroelectric crystal is (PbM)[(M claim 1 ,M)Ti]Oor (PbM)[(M claim 1 ,M)Ti]O claim 1 , wherein M is a rare earth cation compromising one or a combination of La claim 1 , Ce claim 1 , Pr claim 1 , Nd claim 1 , Pm claim 1 , Sm claim 1 , Eu claim 1 , Gd claim 1 , Tb claim 1 , Dy claim 1 , Ho claim 1 , Er claim 1 , Tm claim 1 , Yb claim 1 , and Lu; Mcomprises one or a combination of Mg claim 1 , Zn claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Yb claim 1 , Sc claim 1 , In claim 1 , Co claim 1 , and Fe; Mcomprises one or a combination of Nb and Ta; 0 Подробнее

MULTILAYER CERAMIC STRUCTURE, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR AND PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATOR

A multilayer ceramic structure, which is to be divided into a large number of piezoelectric actuators, includes a rectangular-parallelepiped-shaped multilayer ceramic body. An upper surface opposing electrode is formed on an upper surface, a lower surface opposing electrode is formed on a lower surface and inner opposing electrodes are formed inside the multilayer ceramic body. A silt is provided in the upper surface opposing electrode. Opposing portions are provided where the upper surface opposing electrode, the inner opposing electrodes and the lower surface opposing electrode are superposed with each other when viewed in plan. The slit is provided in the upper surface opposing electrode in a portion of a region between the opposing portion and the first side surface and so as to extend in a first direction linking a first end surface and a second end surface. 1. A multilayer ceramic structure comprising:a multilayer ceramic body having a plurality of stacked ceramic layers,the multilayer ceramic body having an upper surface, a lower surface opposing the upper surface, first and second side surfaces that oppose each other and first and second end surfaces that oppose each other, the upper surface, the lower surface and the first and second side surfaces extending in a first direction and the first and second end surfaces extending in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction;an upper surface opposing electrode on the upper surface of the multilayer ceramic body;a lower surface opposing electrode on the lower surface of the multilayer ceramic body;inner opposing electrodes inside the multilayer ceramic body and arranged parallel to the upper surface and the lower surface;a first side surface electrode on the first side surface; anda second side surface electrode on the second side surface;wherein the upper surface opposing electrode, the lower surface opposing electrode and the inner opposing electrodes form opposing portions superposed with each other ...

Method for Producing a Piezoelectric Transformer and Piezoelectric Transformer

A piezoelectric transformer and a method for producing a piezoelectric transformer are disclosed. In an embodiment, the method includes manufacturing a main body having an input region having electrodes and a first piezoelectric material being alternately stacked one on top of the other. An output region includes a second piezoelectric material. The first piezoelectric material is polarized and a removable contact is fitted to an output-side end side of the main body, which end side faces away from the input region. A first electrical potential is applied to the removable contact for polarizing the second piezoelectric material. 113-. (canceled)14. A method for producing a piezoelectric transformer , the method comprising:manufacturing a main body having an input region comprising first electrodes and a first piezoelectric material being alternately stacked one on top of the other, the main body also having an output region comprising a second piezoelectric material;polarizing the first piezoelectric material;fitting a removable contact to an output-side end side of the main body, the output-side end side facing away from the input region; andapplying a first electrical potential to the removable contact for polarizing the second piezoelectric material.15. The method according to claim 14 ,wherein the input region has two outer electrodes;wherein the first electrodes in the input region are respectively connected to one of the two outer electrode; andwherein, for polarizing the second piezoelectric material, a second electrical potential is applied to the two outer electrodes so that a voltage is applied between the first electrodes of the input region and the output-side end side.16. The method according to claim 14 , further comprising removing the removable contact after fitting the removable contact to the output-side end side of the main body.17. The method according to claim 14 , wherein the removable contact is fitted by a contact element being pressed ...

ULTRASONIC FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION ASSEMBLY AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

An ultrasonic fingerprint recognition assembly is provided. The ultrasonic fingerprint recognition assembly includes a cover plate, a display panel, and an ultrasonic sensor disposed between the cover plate and the display panel. The ultrasonic sensor includes a thin film transistor (TFT) substrate which is close to the display panel, and a piezoelectric layer and a conductive layer which are disposed on the TFT substrate sequentially. The piezoelectric layer is obtained by mixing a piezoelectric material with an organic solvent, coating a mixture of the piezoelectric material and the organic solvent on a substrate, and conducting crystallization and polarization treatment. The organic solvent includes at least one of: butanone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and dimethylacetamide. 1. An ultrasonic fingerprint recognition assembly , comprising:a cover plate;a display panel; andan ultrasonic sensor disposed between the cover plate and the display panel, wherein the ultrasonic sensor comprises a thin film transistor (TFT) substrate which is close to the display panel, and a piezoelectric layer and a conductive layer which are disposed on the TFT substrate sequentially; and wherein the piezoelectric layer is obtained by mixing a piezoelectric material with an organic solvent, coating a mixture of the piezoelectric material and the organic solvent on a substrate, and conducting crystallization and polarization treatment, the organic solvent comprises at least one of: butanone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and dimethylacetamide.2. The ultrasonic fingerprint recognition assembly of claim 1 , wherein the cover plate is provided with a surface treatment layer on a surface of the cover plate which is far away from the ultrasonic sensor claim 1 , and the surface treatment layer comprises at least one of: an anti-glare layer claim 1 , an anti-reflection layer claim 1 , and an anti-fingerprint layer.3. The ultrasonic fingerprint recognition assembly of ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PIEZOELECTRIC INSTRUMENTATION DEVICES WITH 3D STRUCTURES USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

A method for fabricating a piezoelectric transducer includes depositing a layer of a piezoelectric material on a base using a depositor and applying an electric field to the layer of deposited piezoelectric material in defined locations using an electrode to sinter and pole the deposited piezoelectric material at those defined locations to form a layer of the piezoelectric transducer in a selected shape and with a selected dipole direction. 1. A method for fabricating a piezoelectric transducer , the method comprising:depositing a layer of a piezoelectric material on a base using a depositor; andapplying an electric field to the layer of deposited piezoelectric material in defined locations using an electrode to sinter and pole the deposited piezoelectric material at those defined locations to form a layer of the piezoelectric transducer in a selected shape and with a selected dipole direction.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising iterating the depositing and the applying to build up another layer of the piezoelectric material to provide the piezoelectric transducer having multiple layers of the piezoelectric material in a selected three-dimensional shape of the multiple layers.3. The method according to claim 2 , further comprising depositing a layer of conductive material and applying the electric field wherein the defined locations to which the electric field is applied forms an electric lead claim 2 , the piezoelectric transducer comprising multiple layers of the piezoelectric material and an electric lead.4. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising securing the piezoelectric transducer in a housing or sub configured for being disposed in a borehole penetrating a subsurface formation claim 3 , the housing or sub comprising a material compatible with a downhole environment.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein applying an electric field comprises moving the electrode to a selected distance from the layer of a piezoelectric ...

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION MODULE, FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION MODULE, AND DISPLAY DEVICE

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for manufacturing a fingerprint recognition method, a fingerprint recognition module, and a display device. The method for manufacturing the fingerprint recognition module includes: providing a backplane; forming a bonding terminal in a bonding area of the backplane; forming a sensing electrode in a fingerprint recognition area of the backplane; forming an insulation layer cladding the bonding terminal in the bonding area, and forming a piezoelectric material layer in the fingerprint recognition area, where an orthographic projection of the piezoelectric material layer on the backplane coincides with an orthographic projection of the sensing electrode on the backplane; performing polarization processing on the piezoelectric material layer; and peeling off the insulation layer. 1. A method for manufacturing a fingerprint recognition module , comprising:providing a backplane;forming a bonding terminal in a bonding area of the backplane;forming a sensing electrode in a fingerprint recognition area of the backplane;forming an insulation layer cladding the bonding terminal in the bonding area, and forming a piezoelectric material layer in the fingerprint recognition area, wherein an orthographic projection of the piezoelectric material layer on the backplane coincides with an orthographic projection of the sensing electrode on the backplane;performing polarization processing on the piezoelectric material layer; andpeeling off the insulation layer.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the forming the insulation layer cladding the binding terminal in the bonding area comprises:forming an organic insulation layer cladding the bonding terminal in a coating manner, wherein a gap exists between the organic insulation layer and the sensing electrode.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein a material of the organic insulation layer is polyimide.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the peeling off the insulation layer comprises:peeling ...

MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS

Provided are a barium titanate-based piezoelectric ceramics having satisfactory piezoelectric performance and a satisfactory mechanical quality factor (Q), and a piezoelectric element using the same. Specifically provided are a piezoelectric ceramics, including: crystal particles; and a grain boundary between the crystal particles, in which the crystal particles each include barium titanate having a perovskite-type structure and manganese at 0.04% by mass or more and 0.20% by mass or less in terms of a metal with respect to the barium titanate, and the grain boundary includes at least one compound selected from the group consisting of BaTiOand BaTiO, and a piezoelectric element using the same. 16-. (canceled)7. A manufacturing method for a piezoelectric ceramics , comprising at least:producing granulating powder by adding a binder to barium titanate particles each comprising manganese at 0.04% by mass or more and 0.20% by mass or less in terms of a metal; and{'sub': 4', '12', '27', '6', '17', '40, 'sintering a mixture prepared by adding at least one compound selected from the group consisting of BaTiOparticles and BaTiOparticles to the granulating powder.'}8. A manufacturing method for a piezoelectric ceramics , comprising at least:producing granulating powder by adding a binder to barium titanate particles each comprising manganese at 0.04% by mass or more and 0.20% by mass or less in terms of a metal; andsintering a mixture prepared by adding titanium oxide particles each having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less to the granulating powder.912-. (canceled) This application is a divisional application of application Ser. No. 13/989,970, which was the National Stage of International Application No. PCT/JP2011/079753, filed Dec. 15, 2011, which claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-285742, filed Dec. 22, 2010. All of these prior applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The present invention relates to a ...

POLING TREATMENT METHOD, PLASMA POLING DEVICE, PIEZOELECTRIC BODY AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, FILM FORMING DEVICE AND ETCHING DEVICE, AND LAMP ANNEALING DEVICE

A plasma poling device includes a holding electrode () which is disposed in a poling chamber () and holds a substrate to be poled (), an opposite electrode () which is disposed in the poling chamber and disposed facing the substrate to be poled held on the holding electrode, a power source () electrically connected to one electrode of the holding electrode and the opposite electrode, a gas supply mechanism supplying a plasma forming gas into a space between the opposite electrode and the holding electrode, and a control unit controlling the power source and the gas supply mechanism. The control unit controls the power source and the gas supply mechanism so as to form a plasma at a position facing the substrate to be poled and to apply a poling treatment to the substrate to be poled. 1. A poling treatment method for applying a poling treatment to a substrate to be poled at a first temperature , whereinsaid first temperature is not lower than a temperature at which a residual polarization value in a hysteresis curve of said substrate to be poled becomes 0%.2. The poling treatment method according to claim 1 , whereinsaid poling treatment is applied to said substrate to be poled while a temperature is decreased from said first temperature to a second temperature or while the temperature is increased from said second temperature to said first temperature, andsaid second temperature is not lower than a temperature at which a residual polarization value becomes 50% of a residual polarization value at a room temperature in the hysteresis curve of said substrate to be poled, and also lower than said first temperature.3. A poling treatment method for applying a poling treatment to a substrate to be poled at a first temperature claim 1 , whereinsaid first temperature is not lower than a Curie temperature.4. The poling treatment method according to claim 3 , whereinsaid poling treatment is applied to said substrate to be poled while a temperature is decreased from said first ...

ELECTRO-ACOUSTIC CONVERSION FILM AND DIGITAL SPEAKER

Provided is an electro-acoustic conversion film that is suitably used for a digital speaker or the like, and that includes a polymer composite piezoelectric body formed by dispersing piezoelectric particles in a viscoelastic matrix formed of a polymer material having viscoelasticity at room temperature, and thin-film electrodes provided on both surfaces of the polymer composite piezoelectric body, in which at least one of the thin-film electrodes is divided into a plurality of regions having the same area, and the respective regions are coupled in parallel and grouped to correspond to a weight of each bit digit of a parallel PCM digital signal. Thus, an electro-acoustic conversion film by which a digital speaker in which reverberation or crosstalk between segments is suppressed is obtained is provided. 1. An electro-acoustic conversion film , comprising:a polymer composite piezoelectric body formed by dispersing piezoelectric particles in a viscoelastic matrix formed of a polymer material having viscoelasticity at room temperature, and thin-film electrodes provided on both surfaces of the polymer composite piezoelectric body,wherein at least one of the thin-film electrodes is divided into a plurality of regions having the same area, and the respective regions are coupled in parallel and grouped to correspond to a weight of each bit digit of a parallel PCM digital signal, andwherein a loss tangent (Tan δ) at 100 Hz to 10 kHz at a temperature of 0° C. to 50° C. is 0.09 to 0.35.2. The electro-acoustic conversion film according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 'n', 'wherein a grouping in which the respective regions are grouped to correspond to the weight of the each bit digit of the parallel PCM digital signal is performed so that the number of regions increases by 2(n is a natural number increasing by 1 and including 0) to correspond to the weight of the bit digit of the parallel PCM digital signal.'}3. The electro-acoustic conversion film according to claim 1 ,wherein a division ...

VIBRATION WAVE DRIVE DEVICE, STATOR FOR A VIBRATION WAVE MOTOR, VIBRATION WAVE MOTOR, DRIVING CONTROL SYSTEM, OPTICAL APPARATUS, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF A VIBRATION WAVE DRIVING DEVICE

A vibration wave drive device () includes an annular piezoelectric element () including a piezoelectric material () and multiple electrodes provided sandwiching the piezoelectric material (), the annular piezoelectric element being configured to vibrate by a traveling wave of a wavelength λ; and a power feeding member () including at least electric wire () for supplying electric power to the element (), the feeding member () being provided to a first surface of the element (). The element () includes at least two driving regions (), and a non-driving region () arranged between two of the at least two driving regions and has an average annular length of nλ/4, n being an odd number. At least one electrode provided on the first surface is arranged across the region () and the region (), and is electrically connected to the feeding member () only in the region (). 1. A vibration wave drive device , comprising:an annular piezoelectric element comprising a one-piece piezoelectric material and multiple electrodes provided so as to sandwich the one-piece piezoelectric material, the annular piezoelectric element being configured to vibrate by a traveling wave of a wavelength λ; anda power feeding member comprising at least electric wire for supplying electric power to the annular piezoelectric element, the power feeding member being provided on a first surface of the annular piezoelectric element,wherein the annular piezoelectric element comprises at least two driving regions, and a non-driving region that is arranged between two of the at least two driving regions and has an average annular length of nλ/4, where n is an odd number, andwherein at least one electrode provided on the first surface is arranged across the non-driving region and a corresponding one of the at least two driving regions, and is electrically connected to the power feeding member only in the non-driving region.2. The vibration wave drive device according to claim 1 , wherein n is one of 1 and 3.3. The ...

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN OSCILLATOR, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN OSCILLATORY WAVE DRIVING APPARATUS, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN OPTICAL APPARATUS

Provided is a method of manufacturing an oscillator, including: arranging an electrode on a piezoelectric ceramics free from being subjected to polarization treatment, to thereby provide a piezoelectric element; bonding the piezoelectric element and a diaphragm to each other at a temperature T; bonding the piezoelectric element and a power supply member to each other at a temperature T; and subjecting the piezoelectric ceramics to polarization treatment at a temperature T, in which the temperature T, the temperature T, and the temperature T satisfy a relationship T>T and a relationship T>T 1. A method of manufacturing an oscillator , comprising , in sequence:arranging an electrode on a piezoelectric ceramics free from being subjected to polarization treatment, to thereby provide a piezoelectric element;{'b': '1', 'bonding the piezoelectric element and an elastic body to each other at a temperature T;'}{'b': '2', 'bonding the piezoelectric element and a power supply member to each other at a temperature T; and'}{'b': '3', 'subjecting the piezoelectric ceramics to polarization treatment at a temperature T,'}{'b': 1', '2', '3', '1', '3', '2', '3, 'wherein the temperature T, the temperature T, and the temperature T satisfy a relationship T>T and a relationship T>T.'}212. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oscillator comprises a first adhesive portion having a glass transition temperature Tg between the piezoelectric element and the elastic body and a second adhesive portion having a glass transition temperature Tg between the piezoelectric element and the power supply member claim 1 , and{'b': 1', '2', '3', '1', '3', '2', '3, 'wherein the glass transition temperature Tg, the glass transition temperature Tg, and the temperature T satisfy a relationship Tg>T and a relationship Tg>T.'}3123123. The method of according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature T claim 1 , the temperature T claim 1 , and the temperature T satisfy a relationship T>T>T.41. The method ...

PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, ULTRASONIC PROBE, ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT DEVICE, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT

A piezoelectric element includes: a piezoelectric body; and a vibrating plate including single crystal silicon having anisotropy having orientation with a relatively high Poisson's ratio and orientation with a relatively low Poisson's ratio (hereinafter, referred to as “low Poisson's ratio orientation”) as a vibrating material, in which the piezoelectric body and the vibrating plate are laminated on each other so that the low Poisson's ratio orientation is in a direction along a high expansion and contraction direction among a direction where a degree of expansion and contraction caused according to a support structure of the piezoelectric body is relatively high (hereinafter, referred to as “high expansion and contraction direction”) and a direction where a degree thereof is relatively low. 1. A piezoelectric element comprising:a piezoelectric body; anda vibrating plate including single crystal silicon having anisotropy having orientation with a relatively high Poisson's ratio and orientation with a relatively low Poisson's ratio (hereinafter, referred to as “low Poisson's ratio orientation”) as a vibrating material,wherein the piezoelectric body and the vibrating plate are laminated on each other so that the low Poisson's ratio orientation is in a direction along a high expansion and contraction direction among a direction where a degree of expansion and contraction caused according to a support structure of the piezoelectric body is relatively high (hereinafter, referred to as “high expansion and contraction direction”) and a direction where a degree thereof is relatively low.2. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 ,wherein plane orientation of the single crystal silicon is [001] and the low Poisson's ratio orientation is [−110] or [110].3. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 ,wherein plane orientation of the single crystal silicon is [010] and the low Poisson's ratio orientation is [101] or [10−1].4. The piezoelectric element according to ...

PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICE

A piezoelectric device and a manufacturing method thereof in which a piezoelectric film formed of a thin film of a lead zirconate titanate-based perovskite oxide is formed on a substrate, and at least a first region out of the first region and a second region of the piezoelectric film is irradiated with electromagnetic waves having a wavelength of 230 nm or less in a reducing atmosphere to provide a difference in piezoelectric characteristics between the first region and the second region so that the first region has a smaller absolute value of a piezoelectric constant dand a smaller dielectric loss tan δ than the second region. 1. A piezoelectric device comprising:a first piezoelectric element portion including a first piezoelectric film region and a first electrode which is in contact with the first piezoelectric film region; anda second piezoelectric element portion including a second piezoelectric film region and a second electrode which is in contact with the second piezoelectric film region, the first and second piezoelectric element portions being supported by one structure,wherein the first piezoelectric film region and the second piezoelectric film region have the same cation ratio with a lead zirconate titanate-based perovskite oxide as a primary component, and{'sub': '31', 'the first piezoelectric film region and the second piezoelectric film region have different piezoelectric characteristics, and the first piezoelectric film region has a smaller absolute value of a piezoelectric constant dand a smaller dielectric loss tan δ than the second piezoelectric film region.'}2. The piezoelectric device according to claim 1 ,wherein the first piezoelectric film region and the second piezoelectric film region are different regions in one continuous piezoelectric film.3. The piezoelectric device according to claim 2 ,wherein the structure has a flat surface, and the one continuous piezoelectric film is provided on the flat surface.4. The piezoelectric device ...

PROCESS FOR ANNEALING A POLED CERAMIC

The present invention relates to a process for annealing a poled ceramic over a heating period during which the temperature is raised incrementally to “lock-in” desirable high temperature characteristics. 1. A process for annealing a poled ceramic which comprises (or consists essentially of) a solid solution with a perovskite structure , wherein the process comprises:(A) heating the poled ceramic over a heating period from ambient temperature to a final temperature, wherein during at least a final part of the heating period the temperature is raised incrementally; and(B) cooling the poled ceramic from the final temperature to ambient temperature to form an annealed poled ceramic.2. A process as claimed in wherein the final part of the heating period commences when the temperature is within 200° C. or more of the final temperature.3. A process as claimed in wherein during at least the final part of the heating period claim 1 , the temperature is raised at an average heating rate of 8° C./hour or less.4. A process as claimed in further comprising:(A1) causing the poled ceramic to dwell for an intermediate period at an intermediate temperature between ambient temperature and the final temperature.5. A process as claimed in further comprising:(A2) causing the poled ceramic to dwell for an additional heating period at the final temperature.6. A process as claimed in wherein the solid solution is lead-containing.7. A process as claimed in any of wherein the solid solution is lead-free.9. A process as claimed in wherein the solid solution is of formula (II):{'br': None, 'i': x', 'y', 'z, 'sub': a', '1-a', '3', '3', '3, '(BiK)TiO-BiFeO-PbTiO\u2003\u2003(II).'}10. A process as claimed in wherein 0 Подробнее

Ultrasound transducer and ultrasound diagnostic apparatus

An ultrasound transducer in which a plurality of pMUT cells are arranged. The pMUT cells have a plurality of resonance frequencies. Each of the pMUT cells includes a piezoelectric film that is polarized in a first direction that is a thickness direction or a second direction that is opposite to the first direction.

METHOD OF MANUFACTURING PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OSCILLATORY WAVE MOTOR, METHOD OF MANUFACTURING OPTICAL APPARATUS, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

Provided is a method of manufacturing a piezoelectric element in which, at a time when the piezoelectric element is manufactured, a piezoelectric material is prevented from being exposed to a temperature higher than a Curie temperature thereof to be depolarized, to thereby significantly decrease piezoelectric properties. The method of manufacturing a piezoelectric element includes a first step of arranging a plurality of electrodes on a piezoelectric material, electrically short-circuiting two or more electrodes of the plurality of electrodes, and subjecting the piezoelectric material to heat treatment, and a second step of, after the first step, electrically opening the short circuit of the two or more electrodes at a time when a temperature of the piezoelectric material decreases to less than a temperature of the piezoelectric material at a time of the heat treatment. 1. A method of manufacturing a piezoelectric element , comprising:a first step of arranging a plurality of electrodes on a piezoelectric material, electrically short-circuiting two or more electrodes of the plurality of electrodes, and subjecting the piezoelectric material to heat treatment; anda second step of electrically opening the short circuit of the two or more electrodes at a time when a temperature of the piezoelectric material decreases to a temperature at least 7 degrees lower than a Curie temperature Tc of the piezoelectric material.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric material forming the piezoelectric element has spontaneous polarization axes aligned in a certain direction.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the two or more electrodes that are electrically short-circuited are arranged in a direction crossing the spontaneous polarization axes.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , at a time of the heat treatment in the first step claim 1 , the piezoelectric material has a maximum reaching temperature higher than the Curie temperature Tc ...

Piezoelectric layer, piezoelectric component, piezoelectric actuator, piezoelectric sensor, hard-disk drive and ink jet printer

A piezoelectric layer made of potassium sodium niobate which is a perovskite type compound represented by the formula ABO 3 , wherein, in the Raman spectroscopy measurement of the piezoelectric layer which is performed while the piezoelectric layer is rotated in the in-plane direction, the measured intensity of the lattice vibration region of the perovskite type compound in the Raman spectrum obtained in polarized Raman spectroscopy measurement (yx) has a periodicity of approximately 90°, wherein, the polarized Raman spectroscopy measurement (yx) is performed while the piezoelectric layer is rotated in the in-plane direction and Raman scattering light is polarized in a direction perpendicular to that of the incident light.

MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT ELECTRODE AND PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT STRUCTURE

A manufacturing method for an electrode of a high-temperature piezoelectric element, comprises: coating traditional conductive slurry on surfaces of a molded piezoelectric material (); then polarizing the piezoelectric material (); and then removing the coating of conductive slurry () on the surfaces there of, and connecting the piezoelectric material to outside electrode lead wires () to output a signal generated by piezoelectric effect thereof. A structure of a high-temperature piezoelectric element, comprises polarized piezoelectric material (), wherein the coating of metallic conductive slurry () is removed from the surfaces of the polarized piezoelectric material () and the surfaces of the polarized piezoelectric material () is connected to electrode lead wires () to output a signal generated by piezoelectric effect thereof. By removing the traditional coating of slurry for electrode, it is avoided that the output resistance of the piezoelectric element is reduced because of the high temperature diffusion of electrode material at a high temperature, and the thermal performance of the piezoelectric element is improved. By adding diamond or graphite coating as electrode, the sensitivity of outputting charges of the piezoelectric element is improved. 1. A manufacturing method for an electrode of a high-temperature piezoelectric element , wherein it comprises the following steps: a) molding piezoelectric material according to specifications; b) coating , sputtering or evaporating traditional conductive slurry on upper and lower surfaces of the molded piezoelectric material; c) polarizing the piezoelectric material coated with the conductive slurry; d) removing the coating of the conductive slurry on the surfaces of the piezoelectric material; e) connecting electrode lead wires on the surfaces of the piezoelectric material , to output a signal generated by piezoelectric effect thereof.2. The manufacturing method for an electrode of a high-temperature piezoelectric ...

THERMAL POLING METHOD, PIEZOELECTRIC FILM AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF SAME, THERMAL POLING APPARATUS, AND INSPECTION METHOD OF PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTY

A thermal poling method in which a poling treatment can be performed easily by a dry process. The poling treatment is performed on a PZT film by performing a heat treatment on the PZT film under a pressurized oxygen atmosphere at a temperature of 400° C. or more and 900° C. or less. The PZT film before the heat treatment has a single-domain crystal structure, and the PZT film after the heat treatment has a multi-domain crystal structure. 1. An inspection method of piezoelectric property , comprising the steps of: comparing peak positions in XRD results of each of a first ferroelectric film and a second ferroelectric film , determining that a piezoelectric property is excellent when the peak position of said second ferroelectric film is shifted to a lower-angle side than the peak position of said first ferroelectric film , and determining that a piezoelectric property is not excellent when the peak position of said second ferroelectric film is not shifted to a lower-angle side than the peak position of said first ferroelectric film , whereinsaid first ferroelectric film is one not subjected to a thermal poling treatment, andsaid second ferroelectric film is one subjected to a thermal poling treatment.2. The inspection method of piezoelectric property according to claim 1 , whereinsaid first ferroelectric film has a single-domain crystal structure, andsaid second ferroelectric film has a multi-domain crystal structure. The present invention relates to a thermal poling method, piezoelectric film and manufacturing method of same, thermal poling apparatus, and inspection method of piezoelectric property.is a schematic diagram illustrating a conventional poling apparatus.A crystal is sandwiched in the center of a pair of electrodes constituted of two parallel flat plates each having 10×10 mmso that an electric field is applied in the direction not subjected to mechanical poling. In addition, the crystal together with the electrodes is immersed in an oil of an oil bath , ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM TO PREVENT DEPOLING OF ULTRASOUND TRANSDUCER

An ultrasound system, probe and method are provided. The ultrasound system includes a transducer with piezoelectric transducer elements polarized in a poling direction. A bipolar transmit circuit is configured to generate a transmit signal having first and second polarity segments. The first and second polarity segments have corresponding first and second peak amplitudes. A bias generator is configured to generate a bias signal in a direction of the poling direction. The bias signal is combined with the transmit signal to form a biased transmit signal that is shifted in the direction of the poling direction and still includes both of positive and negative voltages over a transmit cycle. 1. An ultrasound system , comprising:a transducer with piezoelectric transducer elements formed from piezoelectric material and polarized in a poling direction;a transmit circuit configured to generate a transmit signal having at least first and second polarity segments, the first and second polarity segments having corresponding first and second peak amplitudes; anda bias generator configured to generate a bias signal in a direction of the poling direction, wherein the bias signal is combined with the transmit signal to form a biased transmit signal that is shifted in the direction of the poling direction and includes both of positive and negative voltages over a transmit cycle, and wherein the bias generator is configured to vary the bias signal based on a type of imaging operation.2. The ultrasound system of claim 1 , wherein the bias signal is a DC bias voltage claim 1 , and wherein the bias generator is configured to vary the bias signal by adjusting the DC bias voltage.3. The ultrasound system of claim 1 , wherein the bias generator is configured to generate the bias signal to have a steady-state voltage of up to 15% of a maximum transmit voltage for each of a plurality of different imaging operation types.4. The ultrasound system of claim 1 , wherein the bias generator is ...

Electrostatic Protection Device and Manufacturing Method Thereof and Array Substrate

An electrostatic protection device () includes: a first conductive layer (), a second conductive layer () and a polarization film layer (), in which the polarization film layer () is disposed between the first conductive layer () and the second conductive layer () and formed of a piezoelectric material which is capable of deforming when applied with electricity; a conductive cantilever (), disposed on the second conductive layer () and including a free end (); and a charge diffusion layer (), disposed at a side of the conductive cantilever () away from the polarization film layer (), electrically connected with the first conductive layer () and spaced apart from the conductive cantilever (), in which upon a voltage difference between the first conductive layer () and the second conductive layer () reaching a predetermined value, the polarization film layer () deforms to allow the conductive cantilever () to connect with the charge diffusion layer (). The device provides the conductive cantilever () which is in a suspended state in a case where the voltage difference between the first conductive layer () and the second conductive layer () does not reach the predetermined value, so the first conductive layer () and the second conductive layer () are disconnected so that the load of the first conductive layer () and the second conductive layer () are prevented from being influenced. 1. An electrostatic protection device , comprising:a first conductive layer, a second conductive layer and a polarization film layer, wherein the polarization film layer is disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer and formed of a piezoelectric material which is capable of deforming when applied with electricity;a conductive cantilever, disposed on the second conductive layer and comprising a free end; anda charge diffusion layer, disposed at a side of the conductive cantilever away from the polarization film layer, electrically connected with the first ...

ELECTRET

An electret includes a substrate and an electret layer formed above a surface of the substrate. The electret layer is a composite metal compound containing two or more different metal elements, and is obtained by subjecting a thin film mainly composed of an inorganic dielectric material having a bandgap energy of 4 eV or more to a polarization treatment. 1. An electret comprising a substrate and an electret layer formed above a surface of the substrate , whereinthe electret is a composite metal compound containing two or more different metal elements and is obtained by subjecting a thin film mainly composed of an inorganic dielectric material having a bandgap energy of 4 eV or more to a polarization treatment.2. The electret according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': '3', 'the inorganic dielectric material includes two different metal elements A and B and has a basic composition of a composite oxide represented by a composition formula of ABO, and'}the thin film is a film containing the composite oxide having an amorphous structure or a film containing a crystal of the composite oxide having a perovskite structure.3. The electret according to claim 2 , whereinthe metal element A is a rare earth element R selected from the group consisting of La, Y, Pr, Sm and Nd, andthe metal element B is Al.4. The electret according to claim 3 , whereinin the composite oxide, at least one of the metal elements A and B is partially substituted with a dopant element composed of a different metal element,the dopant element that substitutes for the metal element A is an alkaline earth metal, andthe dopant element that substitutes for the metal element B is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal elements and Zn.5. The electret according to claim 4 , whereina substitution ratio of the dopant element that substitutes for the metal element A is 20 atomic % or less, andthe substitution ratio of the dopant element that substitutes for the metal element B ...

ELECTROACOUSTIC CONVERSION FILM WEB, ELECTROACOUSTIC CONVERSION FILM, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN ELECTROACOUSTIC CONVERSION FILM WEB

Provided are an electroacoustic conversion film web, an electroacoustic conversion film, and a method of manufacturing an electroacoustic conversion film web in which costs can be reduced by reducing the number of operations without damage to thin film electrodes, the points of electrode lead-out portions can be freely determined, and thus high productivity can be achieved. A preparation step of preparing an electrode laminated body in which a single thin film electrode and a single protective layer are laminated and a lamination step of laminating the electrode laminated body and an piezoelectric layer are included. A non-adhered portion that is not adhered to the piezoelectric layer is provided in at least one end portion of the thin film electrode in a case where the electrode laminated body and the piezoelectric layer are laminated in the lamination step. 1. An electroacoustic conversion film web comprising:a piezoelectric layer having dielectric properties;an upper thin film electrode formed on one principal surface of the piezoelectric layer;a lower thin film electrode formed on the other principal surface of the piezoelectric layer;an upper protective layer formed on the upper thin film electrode; anda lower protective layer formed on the lower thin film electrode,wherein, in a view in a direction perpendicular to the principal surface of the piezoelectric layer, an area of the lower thin film electrode is larger than an area of the piezoelectric layer, and at least one end portion of the lower thin film electrode has a non-adhered portion on which the piezoelectric layer is not laminated, andin the view in the direction perpendicular to the principal surface of the piezoelectric layer, an area of the upper thin film electrode is smaller than the area of the piezoelectric layer, and at least one end portion of the upper thin film electrode has a non-adhered portion to which the piezoelectric layer is not adhered.2. An electroacoustic conversion film web ...

Broadband Waveguide

A broadband waveguide comprising at least one filament configured to transmit a signal therethrough. The broadband waveguide may include one or more reflection suppression techniques including a damping material coupled to at least a portion of the at least one filament and/or at least one reflection point configured thereon. The waveguide may further including a cladding material coupled to the at least one filament. The at least one filament may be coupled to a securing element configured to couple to a surface. The at least one filament may be coupled to a sensor configured to sense the transmitted signal.

METHOD FOR FABRICATING PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER

A method for fabricating a piezoelectric transducer is provided. The method includes providing a substrate on which a plurality of patterned electrodes are formed; providing a piezoelectric suspension, having a plurality of piezoelectric particles, on the substrate and the plurality of patterned electrodes; applying a voltage between the plurality of patterned electrodes to produce an electric field; and depositing the plurality of piezoelectric particles of the piezoelectric suspension on at least one of the plurality of patterned electrodes by the electric field to form a patterned piezoelectric membrane, and polarizing the piezoelectric membrane by the electric field. 1. A method for fabricating a piezoelectric transducer , comprising:providing a substrate, on which a plurality of patterned electrodes are formed;providing a piezoelectric suspension, having a plurality of piezoelectric particles, on the substrate and the plurality of patterned electrodes;applying a voltage between the plurality of patterned electrodes to produce an electric field; anddepositing the plurality of piezoelectric particles of the piezoelectric suspension on at least one of the plurality of patterned electrodes by the electric field to form a patterned piezoelectric membrane, and polarizing the piezoelectric membrane by the electric field.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:removing a residue of the piezoelectric suspension and removing the voltage to accomplish fabrication of the piezoelectric transducer.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein polarizing the piezoelectric membrane is performed within the piezoelectric suspension.4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein patterning and polarizing the piezoelectric membrane are performed at the same time.5. The method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein an operation time for patterning and polarizing the piezoelectric membrane is about 1 to 40 minutes.6. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein patterning and ...

PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSFORMER

A piezoelectric transformer that includes a vibration portion assembly having an output electrode, an output-side intermediate electrode, an input-side intermediate electrode, and an input electrode. The vibration portion assembly includes n vibration portions. The input electrode includes one to n input electrode pieces. The output electrode includes one to n output electrode pieces. Wiring lines are arranged such that voltages of opposite phases can be respectively applied to a first input electrode piece group of the input electrode pieces corresponding to odd-numbered vibration portions, and a second input electrode piece group of the input electrode pieces corresponding to even-numbered vibration portions. The second output electrode piece and the first output-side intermediate electrode piece are superposed with each other in the thickness direction. The first output electrode piece is not superposed with either of the first and second output-side intermediate electrode pieces in the thickness direction. 1. A piezoelectric transformer comprising:a base; andan upper layer that is supported by the base;wherein the upper layer includes a vibration portion assembly corresponding to a part of the upper layer that is not superposed with the base,the vibration portion assembly includes an output electrode, an output-side intermediate electrode, an input-side intermediate electrode, and an input electrode, which are arranged separated from each other in a thickness direction and sequentially arrayed in the thickness direction,when n is an integer greater than or equal to 3,the vibration portion assembly includes n vibration portions arrayed in a first direction,the upper layer includes a first piezoelectric layer interposed between the output electrode and the output-side intermediate electrode in at least the n vibration portions and a second piezoelectric layer superposed with the first piezoelectric layer and interposed between the input-side intermediate electrode ...

PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A piezoelectric device includes a piezoelectric single crystal body with a homogeneous polarization state and of which at least a portion flexurally vibrates, an upper electrode on an upper surface of the piezoelectric single crystal body, a lower electrode on a lower surface of the piezoelectric single crystal body, and a supporting substrate below the piezoelectric single crystal body. A recess extends from a lower surface of the supporting substrate toward the lower surface of the piezoelectric single crystal body. 1. A piezoelectric device comprising:a piezoelectric single crystal body that has a homogeneous polarization state and of which at least a portion is configured to flexurally vibrate;an upper electrode disposed on an upper surface of the piezoelectric single crystal body;a lower electrode disposed on a lower surface of the piezoelectric single crystal body; anda supporting substrate disposed below the piezoelectric single crystal body; whereina recess extends from a lower surface of the supporting substrate toward the lower surface of the piezoelectric single crystal body.2. The piezoelectric device according to claim 1 , whereinthe piezoelectric single crystal body includes a plurality of layers including an upper layer and a lower layer;the upper electrode is disposed on an upper surface of upper layer of the piezoelectric single crystal body;the lower electrode is disposed on a lower surface of lower layer of the piezoelectric single crystal body; andeach of the upper layer and the lower layer of the piezoelectric single crystal body has a homogeneous polarization state.3. The piezoelectric device according to claim 1 , wherein the lower surface of the piezoelectric single crystal body is flat claim 1 , and the lower electrode is disposed on the flat lower surface of the piezoelectric single crystal body.4. The piezoelectric device according to claim 1 , further comprising:an amorphous layer disposed above the supporting substrate and below the ...

Method and apparatus for manufacturing semiconductor device

The present disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes the following operations. An intermediate layer is formed in the semiconductor device. A voltage is applied to the intermediate layer. A unit cell of the intermediate layer is stretched or compressed by the voltage. The polarity of the intermediate layer is changed by the voltage.

PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL ELEMENTS OF SHEAR MODE

Piezoelectric crystal elements are provided having preferred cut directions that optimize the shear mode piezoelectric properties. In the discovered cut directions, the crystal elements have super-high piezoelectric performance with d, dand dshear modes at room temperature. The dshear mode crystal gives a maximum d value and is free from the cross-talk of dand d. The dmode is extremely reliable compared to other shear elements due to its ready re-poling capability. The crystal elements may be beneficially used for high-sensitive acoustic transducers. 110-. (canceled)11. An acoustic transducer containing a piezoelectric single crystal product made by the process of: {'sub': y', '1/3', '2/3', 'l-x-y', 'x', '3, '(i) said single crystal element providing a PbZ(MgNb)TiO;'}, '(a) providing a piezoelectric crystal element with a cutting direction along zxt±45°;'}wherein Y is defined as from 0 to at least 0.10, X is defined as 0.20 to at least 0.35, and Z is defined as at least one doped element selected from the group consisting of: Zr, Hf, Sn, In, Sc, Tm, Nb, Ta, Zn, Yb, Lu, Sb, Bi, Mn, Ga, Ce, Ni, W, Cu, Fe, K, Na, Li, and Ba;(b) mechanically finishing said single crystal with cuttings along zxt±45°;(c) coating electrodes on a pair of Z surfaces;(d) poling said single crystal element to a first poled state in the direction along <011> cubic axis under an electrical field at room temperature and forming a poled single crystal element; and{'sub': 36', '36, '(e) providing said poled single crystal element with an operable dshear mode and having a dvalue up to about 2600 pC/N at room temperature.'}12. The acoustic transducer of made by a process further comprising the step of:(f) repoling said poled single crystal element in said first poled state to a second polled state.13. A medical imaging system claim 11 , containing an acoustic transducer made by a process according to .14. A commercial imaging system claim 11 , containing an acoustic transducer made by a process ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR FIBER SCANNERS WITH CONTINUOUS BOND LINES

A fiber scanning system includes a fiber optic element having an actuation region and a motion actuator mechanically coupled to the fiber optic element. A continuous bond line is present between the actuation region and the motion actuator. The fiber scanning system also includes a retention collar mechanically coupled to the motion actuator. 1. A fiber scanning system comprising:a fiber optic element having an actuation region;a motion actuator mechanically coupled to the fiber optic element, wherein a continuous bond line is present between the actuation region and the motion actuator; anda retention collar mechanically coupled to the motion actuator.2. The fiber scanning system of wherein the actuation region is defined by an outer diameter and the motion actuator is defined by an inner diameter substantially equal to the outer diameter.3. The fiber scanning system of wherein the motion actuator comprises a piezoelectric actuator.4. The fiber scanning system of wherein the piezoelectric actuator comprises two tube elements claim 3 , each having a hemispherical cross section and disposed on opposite sides of the fiber optic element.5. The fiber scanning system of further comprising a first electrode electrically coupled to an interior portion of each of the tube elements and a plurality of second electrodes claim 3 , each electrically coupled to an exterior portion of each of the tube elements.6. The fiber scanning system of further comprising a controller operable to apply a non-zero DC bias to the first electrode claim 5 , a first AC voltage to one of the plurality of second electrodes and a second AC voltage to another of the plurality of second electrodes.7. The fiber scanning system of wherein the first AC voltage is 90 degrees out of phase with respect to the second AC voltage.8. The fiber scanning system of wherein the piezoelectric actuator comprises four quartered tube elements disposed around a periphery of the fiber optic element.9. A method of ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR POLING A PIEZOELECTRIC FILM

Disclosed are methods, devices, apparatuses, and systems for poling a piezoelectric film. A poling system can be a corona poling system including a corona source with one or more corona wires configured to transfer a corona discharge onto a major surface of the piezoelectric film. The poling system can further include a grid electrode interposed between the corona source and the piezoelectric film. A substrate including the piezoelectric film may be supported on a substrate support, where the substrate and the corona source are configured to move relative to each other during poling. 1. An apparatus comprising:a substrate support configured to support a substrate including a piezoelectric film;a corona source including one or more corona wires configured to transfer a corona discharge onto a major surface of the substrate to pole the piezoelectric film, wherein the one or more corona wires extend along an axis parallel to the major surface of the substrate; anda mechanism coupled to one or both of the substrate support and the corona source, wherein the mechanism is configured to produce relative motion between the substrate and the corona source.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:a grid electrode positioned between the corona source and the substrate support, wherein the grid electrode includes a plurality of through-holes.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising:a first voltage source electrically connected to the corona source;a second voltage source electrically connected to the grid electrode; anda ground electrode, wherein the substrate support includes the ground electrode or is electrically connected to the ground electrode.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the first voltage source is configured to induce a first voltage between about 7 kV and about 16 kV relative to the substrate support claim 3 , and the second voltage source is configured to induce a second voltage between about 1 kV and about 10 kV relative to the substrate ...

PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME, PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, AND ELECTRONIC APPARATUS

A piezoelectric ceramic includes a perovskite-type metal oxide containing barium titanate, and Mn. When a surface thereof along the remanent polarization direction is subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis at room temperature, the ratio of the diffraction intensity of the (002) plane to the diffraction intensity of the (200) plane is 1.0 or more, the diffraction peak of the (002) plane has a half width of 1.2° or less, and the lattice constant of the c-axis thereof and the lattice constant of the a-axis thereof satisfy the relationship 1.004≦c/a≦1.010. 1. A piezoelectric ceramic having a remanent polarization , comprising:a perovskite-type metal oxide containing barium titanate; and Mn,wherein when a surface thereof along the direction of the remanent polarization is a measurement surface subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis at room temperature, the ratio of the diffraction intensity of the (002) plane of the measurement surface to the diffraction intensity of the (200) plane of the measurement surface is 1.0 or more, the diffraction peak of the (002) plane has a half width of 1.2° or less, and the lattice constant of the c-axis thereof and the lattice constant of the a-axis thereof satisfy the relationship 1.004≦c/a≦1.010.3. The piezoelectric ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the Mn in terms of metal is in the range of 0.04 parts by weight to 0.50 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the perovskite-type metal oxide.4. The piezoelectric ceramic according to claim 1 , further comprising Bi.5. The piezoelectric ceramic according to claim 4 , wherein the content of the Bi in terms of metal is in the range of 0.04 parts by weight to 0.80 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the perovskite-type metal oxide.6. The piezoelectric ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric ceramic has an electromechanical coupling factor of 0.200 or more.7. The piezoelectric ceramic according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

Piezoelectric Actuator, Ceramic Component Polarizing Method and Piezoelectric Motor System

The piezoelectric actuator of the present invention has at least one ceramic component. The ceramic component has an output surface and two driving surfaces. The ceramic component has a height and the output surface is rectangular in shape, wherein the length of the short axis side of the output surface is shorter than the height. Therefore, when a pulse wave input voltage is applied on the driving surfaces, the output surface generates an elliptical motion. 1. A piezoelectric actuator comprising:at least one ceramic component comprising an output surface and two driving surfaces, the two driving surfaces being connected to the two long axes of the output surface, the at least one ceramic component having a height; the output surface is rectangular in shape, wherein a length of a short axis side of the output surface is smaller than the height;whereby, when the driving surface is driven by a pulse wave input voltage, the output surface generates an elliptical motion.2. The piezoelectric actuator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the at least one ceramic component is a plate that is rectangular or square in shape.3. The piezoelectric actuator as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a length of a long axis side of the output surface is substantially equal to the height.4. The piezoelectric actuator as claimed in claim 3 , wherein a length of the short axis side is shorter than the height and less than a quarter of the length of the long axis side.5. The piezoelectric actuator as claimed in claim 3 , comprising an output head disposed on the output surface; the output head can be used to drive an external element when the end face generates the elliptical motion.6. The piezoelectric actuator as claimed in claim 1 , the piezoelectric actuator comprising an output head; the output head can be used to drive an external element when the end face generates the elliptical motion.7. The piezoelectric actuator as claimed in claim 6 , the driving surface comprising a first electrode and ...

Fabrication of Piezoelectric Composites Using High Temperature Dielectrophoresis Technique

A method of making an aligned piezoelectric composite comprising contacting a thermoplastic material with a plurality of piezoelectric particles to form a thermoplastic material and piezoelectric particles mixture; applying an alternating current electric field across the thermoplastic material and piezoelectric particles mixture to structurally align the piezoelectric particles within the alternating current electric field; heating the thermoplastic material and piezoelectric particles mixture to form a molten polymer composite, while continuing to apply the alternating current electric field; maintaining the alternating current electric field across the molten polymer composite; cooling the molten polymer composite to form a structurally aligned piezoelectric composite, while continuing to apply the alternating current electric field; discontinuing the alternating current electric field; and applying a direct current electric field across the structurally aligned piezoelectric composite to align electric dipoles of the piezoelectric particles within the direct current electric field and to produce the aligned piezoelectric composite. 124-. (canceled)25. An aligned piezoelectric composite comprising a continuous polymeric phase having dispersed therein a plurality of piezoelectric particles , wherein the aligned piezoelectric composite is characterized by a top surface and a bottom surface , wherein the continuous polymeric phase comprises a thermoplastic polymer , wherein at least a portion of the plurality of piezoelectric particles have dipole moments that are aligned to within. about 20 degrees of a direction perpendicular to the top surface and/or the bottom surface , wherein at least a portion of the plurality of piezoelectric particles are structurally aligned in piezoelectric chains , wherein at least a portion of the piezoelectric chains provide for connectivity between the top surface and the bottom surface of the aligned piezoelectric composite , and ...

Method for producing piezoelectric element

Provided is a method for producing a piezoelectric element in which a piezoelectric body substrate piece is subjected to polarization treatment and a piezoelectric element is produced. The method includes a first step in which the piezoelectric body substrate piece is held on a flat plate-shaped slightly adhesive sheet and a second step in which voltage is applied to the piezoelectric body substrate piece held on the slightly adhesive sheet and the piezoelectric body substrate piece is subjected to polarization treatment.

POLING TREATMENT METHOD, MAGNETIC FIELD POLING DEVICE, AND PIEZOELECTRIC FILM

To perform poling treatment in a simple procedure by dry process. An aspect of the invention is a magnetic field poling device including: a first holding part configured to hold a film-to-be-poled ; a second holding part configured to hold a magnet generating a magnetic field B to the film-to-be-poled ; and a moving mechanism configured to move the first holding part or the second holding part in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field B. 1. A poling treatment method of a film-to-be-poled by using magnetism.2. The poling treatment method according to claim 1 ,comprising the step of, while generating a magnetic field to said film-to-be-poled, moving said film-to-be-poled in a direction perpendicular to and relative to said magnetic field.3. The poling treatment method according to claim 1 ,wherein said poling treatment is performed on a 90° domain in a direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of said film-to-be-poled, and the poling treatment on said 90° domain is performed by, while generating a magnetic field in a direction parallel to said film-thickness direction, moving said film-to-be-poled in a direction perpendicular to said film-thickness direction and relative to said magnetic field.4. The poling treatment method according to claim 3 ,wherein the poling treatment on said 90° domain is performed at the Curie temperature of said film-to-be-poled, or higher.5. The poling treatment method according to claim 3 ,wherein the poling treatment on said 90° domain is performed while cooling said film-to-be-poled from the Curie temperature or higher.6. The poling treatment method according to claim 1 ,wherein said poling treatment is performed on a 180° domain in a direction parallel to the thickness direction of said film-to-be-poled, andwherein the poling treatment on said 180° domain is performed by, while generating a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to said film-thickness direction, moving said film-to-be-poled in a ...

DEVICE CONSISTING OF AN ELASTOMER MATRIX, COMPRISING PIEZOELECTRIC CHARGES AND ELECTRODES

A piezoelectric device comprises at least one piezoelectric composite layer P inserted between two conductive composite layers E, each layer E forming an electrode, characterized in that: the layer P is a rubber composition containing more than 50 parts by weight per hundred parts by weight rubber, phr, of diene elastomer, a cross-linking system and at least 5 vol. %, in relation to the total volume of the rubber composition, of piezoelectric inorganic charges; and each layer E is a rubber composition containing at least 50 phr of diene elastomer, a cross-linking system, and conductive charges. A method for producing the device and a tire comprising the device are also disclosed. 117.-. (canceled)18. A piezoelectric device comprising at least one piezoelectric composite layer P inserted between two conductive composite layers E , each layer E forming an electrode , more than 50 parts by weight, per hundred parts by weight of elastomer, phr, of diene elastomer;', 'a crosslinking system; and', 'at least 5% by volume, with respect to a total volume of the rubber composition, of piezoelectric inorganic fillers;, 'wherein the layer P is a rubber composition based on at least 50 phr of diene elastomer;', 'a crosslinking system; and', 'conductive fillers, and, 'wherein each layer E is a rubber composition based onwherein the diene elastomer of the layer P is co-crosslinked with the diene elastomer of each layer E.19. The piezoelectric device according to claim 18 , wherein claim 18 , in the layer P claim 18 , the content of piezoelectric inorganic fillers varies from 5% to 80% by volume claim 18 , with respect to the total volume of rubber composition.20. The piezoelectric device according to claim 18 , wherein claim 18 , in the layer P claim 18 , a size of the piezoelectric inorganic fillers varies from 50 nm to 500 μm.21. The piezoelectric device according to claim 18 , wherein the piezoelectric inorganic fillers are piezoelectric ceramics.22. The piezoelectric device ...

PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL, MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIAL, PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, VIBRATION WAVE MOTOR, OPTICAL EQUIPMENT, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A piezoelectric material includes a metal oxide containing at least Ba, Ca, Ti, Zr, and Mn, in which the piezoelectric material has a perovskite structure, in which: x, which represents a ratio of a content (mol) of Ca to A (mol) representing a total content of Ba and Ca, falls within a range of 0.10x0.18; y, which represents a ratio of a content (mol) of Zr to B (mol) representing a total content of Ti, Zr, and Mn, falls within a range of 0.055≤y≤0.085; and z, which represents a ratio of a content (mol) of Mn to the B (mol), falls within a range of 0.003≤z≤0.012, and in which the piezoelectric material satisfies a relationship of 0≤(|d−d|)/|d|≤0.08, and has a value of 130 pm/V or more for each of |d| and |d|. 1. A piezoelectric material , comprising a metal oxide containing at least Ba , Ca , Ti , Zr , and Mn ,wherein the piezoelectric material has a perovskite structure, x, which represents a ratio of a content (mol) of Ca to A (mol) representing a total content of Ba and Ca, falls within a range of 0.10≤x≤0.18;', 'y, which represents a ratio of a content (mol) of Zr to B (mol) representing a total content of Ti, Zr, and Mn, falls within a range of 0.055≤y≤0.085; and', 'z, which represents a ratio of a content (mol) of Mn to the B (mol), falls within a range of 0.003≤z≤0.012, and, 'wherein{'sub': 31(−20u)', '31(−20d)', '31(−20u)', '31(−20u)', '31(−20d), 'claim-text': [{'sub': 31(−20u)', '31, 'drepresents a piezoelectric constant dmeasured by increasing a temperature of the piezoelectric material from −30° C. to −20° C.; and'}, {'sub': 31(−20d)', '31, 'drepresents a piezoelectric constant dmeasured by decreasing the temperature of the piezoelectric material from 25° C. to −20° C.'}], 'wherein the piezoelectric material satisfies a relationship of 0≤(|d−d|)/|d|≤0.08, and has a value of 130 pm/V or more for each of |d| and |d|, where2. The piezoelectric material according to claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric material satisfies a relationship of 1≤(|d|+|d|)/2|d|≤2 ...

PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Provided are a piezoelectric device capable of exhibiting high power-generation performance without impairing flexibility and a method of manufacturing the piezoelectric device. The piezoelectric device includes a multilayer structure in which a polymer nonwoven fabric holding or containing piezoelectric ceramic particles and a polymer resin sheet containing piezoelectric ceramic particles are stacked such that at least one layer of the polymer nonwoven fabric is included. This multilayer structure can provide an electric power output equal to or larger than the electric power output produced by a multilayer structure in which a layer of the polymer resin sheet is stacked on each of two main surface sides of a layer of the polymer nonwoven fabric. 1. A piezoelectric device comprising a multilayer structure in which a polymer nonwoven fabric holding or containing piezoelectric ceramic particles and a polymer resin sheet containing piezoelectric ceramic particles are stacked such that at least one layer of the polymer nonwoven fabric is included , whereinthe multilayer structure is a multilayer structure that is able to provide an electric power output equal to or larger than an electric power output produced by a multilayer structure in which a layer of the polymer resin sheet is stacked on each of two main surface sides of a layer of the polymer nonwoven fabric.2. The piezoelectric device according to claim 1 , whereinthe polymer nonwoven fabric is a nonwoven fabric with a thickness per layer of 10 μm to 300 μm in which an average diameter of fibers forming the polymer nonwoven fabric is 0.05 μm to 5 μm and 30% by volume to 60% by volume of piezoelectric ceramic particles are held or contained, andthe polymer resin sheet is a sheet with a thickness per layer of 10 μm to 100 μm in which 50% by volume to 80% by volume of piezoelectric ceramic particles are contained.3. The piezoelectric device according to claim 1 , wherein in the multilayer structure claim 1 , a ...

PIEZOELECTRIC COMPOSITION AND PIEZOELECTRIC DEVICE

A piezoelectric composition comprises an oxide having a perovskite structure, wherein the oxide contains bismuth, barium, iron and titanium; the X-ray diffraction pattern of the piezoelectric composition after a polarization treatment has a first peak and a second peak in the range of the diffraction angle 2θ of 38.6° or more and 39.6° or less; the diffraction angle 2θ of the first peak is smaller than the diffraction angle 2θ of the second peak; an intensity of the first peak is represented as I; an intensity of the second peak is represented as I; and I/Iis 0.00 or more and 2.00 or less. 1. A piezoelectric composition comprising an oxide having a perovskite structure ,wherein the oxide contains bismuth, barium, iron and titanium;an X-ray diffraction pattern of the piezoelectric composition after a polarization treatment has a first peak and a second peak in the range of a diffraction angle 2θ of 38.6° or more and 39.6° or less;the diffraction angle 2θ of the first peak is smaller than the diffraction angle 2θ of the second peak;{'sub': 'L', 'an intensity of the first peak is represented as I;'}{'sub': 'H', 'an intensity of the second peak is represented as I; and'}{'sub': H', 'L, 'I/Iis 0.00 or more and 2.00 or less.'}2. The piezoelectric composition according to claim 1 ,{'sub': m', '3', 'n', '3, 'wherein at least part of the oxide is represented by x[BiFeO]-y[BaTiO];'}x is 0.6 or more and 0.8 or less;y is 0.2 or more and 0.4 or less;x+y is 1;m is 0.96 or more and 1.06 or less; andn is 0.96 or more and 1.06 or less.3. The piezoelectric composition according to claim 2 , whereinm is 1.02 or more and 1.05 or less; andn is 1.02 or more and 1.05 or less.4. The piezoelectric composition according to claim 1 , wherein at least part of the oxide is a rhombohedral crystal.5. The piezoelectric composition according to claim 1 , comprising a rhombohedral crystal of an oxide containing bismuth and iron.6. A piezoelectric device comprising the piezoelectric composition ...

PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, PIEZOELECTRIC MICROPHONE, PIEZOELECTRIC RESONATOR AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT

A piezoelectric element includes a first piezoelectric layer which has a first polarization axis direction in a thickness direction of the first piezoelectric layer and is made of AlN. A second piezoelectric layer made of GeAIN which is deposited on the first piezoelectric layer and has a second polarization axis direction opposite to the first polarization axis direction. A first electrode is provided on a side of the first piezoelectric layer which is opposite from a side where the second piezoelectric layer is disposed. A second electrode provided on a side of the second piezoelectric layer which is opposite from a side where the first piezoelectric layer is disposed. 1. A piezoelectric element , comprising:a first piezoelectric layer which has a first polarization axis direction in a thickness direction of the first piezoelectric layer and is made of AlN;a second piezoelectric layer which is deposited on the first piezoelectric layer, has a second polarization axis direction opposite to the first polarization axis direction and is made of GeAlN;a first electrode provided on a side of the first piezoelectric layer which is opposite from a side where the second piezoelectric layer is disposed: anda second electrode provided on a side of the second piezoelectric layer which is opposite from a side where the first piezoelectric layer is disposed.2. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , wherein the second piezoelectric layer is directly deposited on the first piezoelectric layer.3. A piezoelectric device claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the piezoelectric element according to ; and'}a support which supports the piezoelectric element from a side of the first piezoelectric layer so as to have a space where the piezoelectric element vibrates.4. A method for manufacturing a piezoelectric element claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:forming a first piezoelectric layer made of AlN by deposition so as to have a first ...

MOBILE COMMERCE PLATFORMS AND ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONVERTING CONSUMER COINS, CASH, AND/OR OTHER FORMS OF VALUE FOR USE WITH SAME

Systems and methods for converting consumer coins, cash, and/or other forms of value for use with mobile commerce platforms implemented on, for example, smart phones, PDAs, and other mobile devices. In one embodiment, a method for implementing a mobile commerce account on a mobile device includes receiving coins and/or other funds from a user at a consumer-operated kiosk. The method can further include counting the coins and/or other funds to determine a value, and then communicating at least a portion of the value from the kiosk to the hand-held mobile device for deposit in the mobile commerce account. 118-. (canceled)19. A system for transferring funds to a mobile commerce account , the system comprising: a funds receiving portion configured to receive funds from a user;', 'a funds counting portion configured to count the funds received from the user to determine a value;', 'memory storing one or more display pages configured to receive information from the user to facilitate transferring at least a portion of the value to one or more mobile commerce accounts usable via a mobile device of the user;', 'a display configured to display the one or more display pages;', 'a user interface configured to receive input from the user in response to the display pages, wherein the input includes: identification information associated with the user, mobile commerce account information, and/or transfer value information; and', 'at least one communication device configured to exchange information with one or more processing devices separate from the kiosk; and, 'a consumer-operated kiosk, wherein the consumer-operated kiosk includes'}at least one remote computer configured to receive information from the at least one communication device, wherein the information is associated with the input received from the user, and wherein the at least one remote computer is configured to respond to the information by facilitating transfer of the portion of the value to the one or more mobile ...

METHOD FOR POLARIZING PIEZOELECTRIC FILM

A method for polarizing a piezoelectric film is described. In this method, a piezoelectric film is formed by using an injection deposition method. The piezoelectric film is flat adhered to a surface of a conductive substrate. A polarization process is performed on the piezoelectric film while the piezoelectric film is flat adhered to the surface of the conductive substrate.

SHEAR PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER

A piezoelectric transducer () comprises a piezoelectric foil () with a piezoelectric material (M) exhibiting a shear piezoelectric effect (d14). An actuating structure () is configured to actuate the foil with actuation forces (Fu, Fd) applied at respective actuation points (Au, Ad) in respective actuation directions (U, D) to bend the foil in two opposing bending directions (S1, S2), which are orthogonal to each other and both diagonal to the polarization direction (3) of the foil, according to a saddle shape deformation. Preferably, the foil () is wrapped around a flexible plate (). 1. A piezoelectric transducer comprising:a piezoelectric foil with a piezoelectric material exhibiting a shear piezoelectric effect, wherein the piezoelectric material is polarized in a polarization direction in a plane with the piezoelectric foil to generate an electric field in a field direction normal to the plane of the piezoelectric foil between a top surface and a bottom surface of the piezoelectric foil when the piezoelectric foil is sheared in the plane of the piezoelectric foil in a shearing direction about the field direction; andan actuating structure configured to actuate the piezoelectric foil with actuation forces applied at respective actuation points in respective actuation directions to bend the piezoelectric foil,wherein the actuating structure is configured to actuate the piezoelectric foil according to a saddle shape deformation,wherein the piezoelectric foil is bent in two opposing bending directions, andwherein the two bending directions are orthogonal to each other and are both diagonal to the polarization direction.2. The transducer according to claim 1 , wherein the actuating structure is configured to apply:a first set of actuation forces in a first actuation direction normal to the plane of the piezoelectric foil, anda second set of actuation forces in a second actuation direction opposite to the first actuation direction.3. The transducer according to claim ...

Pulse Energy Manipulation of Material Properties

Material properties are manipulated using rapid pulse application of energy in combination with applied electric or magnetic fields. When sintering, annealing or crystallizing a target film, the pulse repetition cycle can be constrained to ensure material temperature rises above and falls below the Curie temperature before the next energy pulse. This process results in enhanced material properties as compared to traditional techniques having a single, slow temperature excursion and subsequent application of the applied external field. 1. A process for manipulating material properties of a target film , comprising:applying repeated pulsed energy, comprising a total energy, cycle time, duration, and time between each pulse, while simultaneously applying an electric field or a magnetic field to the target film facilitating dipole reorientation resulting in enhanced material properties of the target film.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the target film comprises a ferroelectric material when the electric field is applied.3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the dipole reorientation comprises electric dipole reorientation.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the enhanced material properties comprise piezoelectric properties and sensitivity.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the target film comprises a magnetic material when the magnetic field is applied.6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the dipole reorientation comprises magnetic dipole reorientation.7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the enhanced material properties comprise magnetic properties.8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pulsed energy is sourced from a photonic flash lamp claim 1 , electric current induced resistive heating claim 1 , laser illumination claim 1 , radiation claim 1 , UV illumination claim 1 , or AC magnetic field application.9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the target film comprises a sintered claim 1 , crystallized claim 1 , or annealed material.10. The process of claim 1 , further ...

System And Method For Extraction Of Piezoelectric Constants Electrically

Activity of piezoelectric material dimension and electrical properties can be changed with an applied stress. These variations are translated to a change in capacitance of the structure. Use of capacitance-voltage measurements for the extraction of double piezoelectric thin film material deposited at the two faces of a flexible steel sheet is described. Piezoelectric thin film materials are deposited using RF sputtering techniques. Gamry analyzer references 3000 is used to collect the capacitance-voltage measurements from both layers. A developed algorithm extracts directly the piezoelectric coefficients knowing film thickness, applied voltage, and capacitance ratio. The capacitance ratio is the ratio between the capacitances of the film when the applied field in antiparallel and parallel to the poling field direction, respectively. Piezoelectric bulk ceramic is used for calibration and validation by comparing the result with the reported values from literature. Extracted values using the current approach match well values extracted by existing methods. 1. A method for determining piezoelectric parameters of a piezoelectric structure , comprising:applying a biasing electrical field E over the piezoelectric structure, where the biasing electrical field may have one or more selected directions in relation to a poling direction P of said piezoelectric structure; and{'sub': 33', '31, 'determining the longitudinal piezoelectric voltage constant dand transversal piezoelectric voltage constant dof said piezoelectric structure in relation to a selected parameter ratio.'}2. The method for determining piezoelectric parameters of a piezoelectric structure in accordance with claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': r', '↓↑', '↑↑', '↓↑', '↑↑, 'the predetermined parameter ratio is a capacitance ratio C=C/C based on the quota between a first capacitance C of the piezoelectric structure due to an applied biasing electrical field with a direction antiparallel to said poling direction and a second ...

Method and Apparatus for Poling Polymer Thin Films

A poling apparatus for poling a polymer thin film formed on a workpiece carried by a workpiece carrier. The workpiece has multiple grounding electrodes, grounding pads located at its edges, and a polymer thin film including multiple areas each covering only one grounding electrode. The poling apparatus includes, in a poling chamber, a poling source generating a plasma, a shadow mask below the poling source, and a Z-elevator to raise the workpiece carrier toward the shadow mask and poling source. When the workpiece in the workpiece carrier is raised to contact the underside of the shadow mask, multiple openings of the shadow mask expose only the corresponding multiple thin film areas of the workpiece to the plasma; meanwhile, conductive grounding terminals on the underside of the shadow mask electrically connect the grounding pads of the workpiece with carrier electrodes on the workpiece carrier, to ground the workpiece. 1. A workpiece to be polarized , comprising:a base plate;an electrode layer formed on a surface of the base place, including a plurality of grounding electrodes and one or more grounding pads, the grounding pads being located at edges of the base plate, each grounding electrode being electrically connected to at least one of the grounding pads, the plurality of grounding electrodes being spatially separate from each other; anda polymer thin film formed on the base plate over a portion of the electrode layer, the polymer thin film including a plurality of spatially separate thin film areas, each thin film area covering one of the plurality of grounding electrodes, the thin film leaving the grounding pads uncovered.2. The workpiece of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of grounding electrodes form an array.3. The workpiece of claim 1 , wherein the base plate is a glass plate and the polymer thin film is formed of PVDF (polyvinylidene difluoride) or a co-polymer thereof.4. A poling apparatus for poling a polymer thin film formed on a work piece claim 1 , ...

PIEZOELECTRIC FILM

An object is to provide a piezoelectric film with good piezoelectricity. This object can be achieved by a piezoelectric film comprising a vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film and having a residual polarization amount of 40 mC/mor more. 1. A piezoelectric film comprising a vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer film and having a residual polarization amount of 40 mC/mor more , wherein the ratio of internal haze value [%]/film thickness [μm] is more than 1.0.2. The piezoelectric film according to claim 1 , wherein the residual polarization amount is 45 mC/mor more.3. (canceled)4. The piezoelectric film according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of internal haze value [%]/film thickness [μm] is 1.1 or more.5. The piezoelectric film according to claim 1 , which has an internal haze value of more than 30%.6. The piezoelectric film according to claim 1 , which has an internal haze value of 40% or more.7. The piezoelectric film according to claim 1 , which has an internal haze value of 45% or more.8. The piezoelectric film according to claim 1 , which has an area of 9 cmor more.9. The piezoelectric film according to claim 1 , wherein the residual polarization amount is 50 mC/mor more claim 1 , the internal haze value is within the range of more than 50% and 80% or less claim 1 , and the area is 9 cmor more.1013-. (canceled)14. The piezoelectric film according to claim 1 , which has a thickness of 5 to 3000 μm.15. The piezoelectric film according to claim 1 , which has an internal haze value within the range of 60 to 80%.16. The piezoelectric film according to claim 1 , which has an internal haze value within the range of 65 to 80%.17. The piezoelectric film according to claim 1 , wherein in the vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer claim 1 , the molar ratio of repeating units derived from vinylidene fluoride and repeating units derived from tetrafluoroethylene is within the range of 60/40 to 97/3.18. The piezoelectric film according ...

MULTI-LAYER PIEZOELECTRIC POLYMER FILM DEVICES AND METHODS

A touch panel includes a touch sensor having a dielectric core layer disposed between first and second piezoelectric layers. Each piezoelectric layer comprises a poled piezoelectric polymer. The touch sensor further includes at least a first set of individually addressable electrodes disposed over the first piezoelectric layer and at least one second electrode disposed over the second piezoelectric layer. Circuitry is coupled to the first set of electrodes and the second electrode. The circuitry is configured to detect a change in an electrical signal of at least one electrode of the first set of electrodes referenced to the second electrode in response to a touch applied to the touch surface of the touch sensor. 1. A touch panel , comprising: a touch surface;', 'a dielectric core layer;', 'at least a first piezoelectric layer and a second piezoelectric layer, the dielectric core layer disposed between the first and second piezoelectric layers, each piezoelectric layer comprising a poled piezoelectric polymer;', 'at least a first set of individually addressable electrodes disposed over the first piezoelectric layer; and', 'at least one second electrode disposed over the second piezoelectric layer; and, 'a touch sensor, comprisingcircuitry coupled to the first set of electrodes and the second electrode, the circuitryconfigured to detect a change in an electrical signal of at least one electrode of the first set of electrodes referenced to the second electrode in response to a touch applied to the touch surface.2. The touch panel of claim 1 , wherein the at least one second electrode comprises a second set of individually addressable electrodes and the circuitry is configured to detect a change in one or more electrical signals of one or more electrodes of the first set referenced respectively to one or more electrodes of the second set.3. The touch panel of claim 1 , wherein the first poled piezoelectric polymer layer is disposed directly on a first surface of the ...

Insitu corona poling of piezoelectric ceramics

The present disclosure relates to methods of manufacture of piezoelectric ceramic transducers useable, for example, in an ultrasound probe, using a poling process. The poling is accomplished without contacting transducer elements and by subjecting the piezoelectric ceramic transducer to a corona discharge. The disclosure further describes a system for poling a transducer comprising at least one piezoelectric ceramic component or transducer assembly, a ground plane comprising an electrical polarity, and a corona source connected to a first power source configured to supply a first voltage to the corona source having an electrical polarity opposite the electrical polarity of the ground plane. The at least one piezoelectric ceramic component or transducer assembly is positioned between the corona source and the ground plane within a chamber.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC, PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC, AND PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT

A method for manufacturing piezoelectric ceramic including the steps of: preparing a raw material so as to contain A, B, Ba and Zr as major constituents in a composition ratio represented by the following formula: (1-s)ABO-sBaZrO(where A is at least one element selected from alkali metals, B is at least one of transition metal elements and includes Nb, 0.06 Подробнее

PIEZOELECTRIC POLING WITH TEMPORARY ELECTRODES

An array of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUTs) has a layer of piezoelectric material that requires poling during fabrication in order to properly align the piezoelectric dipoles to create a desired ultrasonic signal. The PMUT may have an interconnected set of lower electrodes that are fabricated between a processing layer of the PMUT and the piezoelectric layer. An upper electrode is fabricated overlaying the piezoelectric layer, and a poling voltage is applied between the upper electrode and the interconnected set of lower electrodes. After poling is complete, portions of the interconnected set of lower electrodes are removed to permanently isolate permanent lower electrodes from each other. 1. A method for poling a piezoelectric layer of a wafer having a plurality of ultrasonic transducers , the method comprising:accessing a first terminal of the wafer, wherein the first terminal is electrically connected to a plurality of permanent lower electrodes of the wafer by a plurality of temporary electrodes of the wafer, wherein the plurality of permanent lower electrodes and the plurality of temporary electrodes overlay a substrate layer of the wafer, and wherein the plurality of permanent lower electrodes and the plurality of temporary electrodes are located below the piezoelectric layer;accessing an upper electrode of the wafer, wherein the upper electrode is located above the piezoelectric layer;applying a poling voltage between the first terminal and the upper electrode, wherein the poling voltage comprises a voltage suitable to modify piezoelectric dipoles of the piezoelectric layer;disconnecting the poling voltage from the first terminal and the second terminal; andremoving at least a portion of the temporary electrodes, wherein the plurality of permanent lower electrodes are not electrically connected to each other when the portions of the temporary electrodes are removed, and wherein each permanent lower electrode of the plurality of ...

METHOD FOR JOINING A CERAMIC FRICTION ELEMENT TO A PIEZOCERAMIC ELEMENT

The invention relates to a method for joining a ceramic friction element () to a piezoelectric element (), comprising, among other things, the following steps: pressing () a joining surface () of the friction element and a contact surface () of the piezoelectric element against each other with a low-melting glass mass () arranged therebetween and maintaining the pressing force for all subsequent steps; heating () the piezoelectric element and the friction element to a defined temperature above the Curie point of the piezoceramic material of the piezoelectric element and above the melting point of the low-melting glass mass; thereafter, while maintaining the temperature, applying an electric polarization voltage Up to electrodes of the piezoelectric element; removing the polarization voltage after the Curie point has been fallen below; and cooling the piezoelectric element and the friction element to room temperature without an electric voltage being applied to the electrodes. 1111123231. A method of joining a ceramic friction element () to an element of piezoceramic material defining a piezoelectric element () , said piezoelectric element () comprising at least one excitation electrode () and at least one general electrode () spaced therefrom , and between said excitation electrode () and said general electrode () at least a portion of the piezoceramic material of said piezoelectric element () is disposed , said method comprising the following process steps:{'b': '12', 'Step 1: Preparation of a low-melting glass mass ();'}{'b': 12', '10', '11', '9', '1, 'Step 2: Disposing the low-melting glass mass () between a joining surface () of the friction element () and a contact surface () of the piezo element ();'}{'b': 10', '11', '9', '1', '12, 'Step 3: Applying a pressing force and pressing the joining surface () of the friction element () and the contact surface () of the piezoelectric element () against one another with the low-melting glass mass () arranged ...

Method for Producing an Electronic Component

A method for producing an electronic component includes providing a piezoelectric main body, which is provided with electrodes. A first electric polarization field having a first polarity direction is applied to the piezoelectric main body between the two electrodes and then a second electric polarization field is applied in a second polarity direction, opposite to the first polarity direction, to the piezoelectric main body between the electrodes. The absolute value of the second electric polarization field differs from that of the first electric polarization field.

PIEZOELECTRIC FIBER HAVING EXCELLENT FLEXIBILITY AND ELASTICITY, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a piezoelectric fiber having excellent flexibility, the piezoelectric fiber employs a conductive fiber member as an inner electrode, on which a piezoelectric polymer layer, an outer electrode and a coating layer are sequentially formed, thereby having excellent flexibility and sufficient elasticity to be sewed, woven, knotted or braided. Therefore, the piezoelectric fiber can be applied in power supplies for a variety of sizes and types of wearable electronic devices, portable devices, clothing, etc. In addition, since the piezoelectric fiber has excellent piezoelectricity and durability because of the above-described structure, it can effectively convert deformation or vibration caused by external physical force into electric energy, and thus can replace existing ceramic-based and polymer piezoelectric bodies, etc. Furthermore, an economical and simple method of manufacturing a piezoelectric fiber having excellent piezoelectricity is provided. 1. A piezoelectric fiber comprising:an inner electrode composed of at least one conductive fiber member;a piezoelectric polymer layer formed in at least one layer to be rolled around the inner electrode;an outer electrode formed to wrap the surface of the piezoelectric polymer layer; andan insulating layer formed on the surface of the outer electrode.2. The piezoelectric fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive fiber member includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a conductive metal-coated polymer fiber claim 1 , a carbon fiber and a conductive metal-coated carbon fiber claim 1 , and the conductive metal includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe claim 1 , Ni claim 1 , Cr claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Mo claim 1 , Ag claim 1 , Au claim 1 , Al claim 1 , and Cu.3. The piezoelectric fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric polymer layer includes at least one piezoelectric polymer selected from the group consisting of PVDF claim 1 , PVDF- ...

ELECTROACOUSTIC TRANSDUCTION FILM AND MANUFACTURING METHOD OF ELECTROACOUSTIC TRANSDUCTION FILM

Provided are an electroacoustic transduction film in which conversion between a vibration and a voltage is able to be appropriately performed without the occurrence of dielectric breakdown of the air between upper and lower thin film electrodes even when a high voltage is applied therebetween, a user is able to be prevented from coming into contact with a piezoelectric layer, and high productivity is achieved, and a manufacturing method of an electroacoustic transduction film. A piezoelectric layer which stretches and contracts in response to a state of an electric field, an upper thin film electrode formed on one principal surface of the piezoelectric layer, a lower thin film electrode formed on the other principal surface of the piezoelectric layer, an upper protective layer formed on the upper thin film electrode, and a lower protective layer formed on the lower thin film electrode are included, and a groove which penetrates the thin film electrode and the protective layer is formed in at least a portion of an outer peripheral portion in a surface direction of at least one of the upper thin film electrode and the upper protective layer, or the lower thin film electrode and the lower protective layer. 1. An electroacoustic transduction film , comprising:a piezoelectric layer which stretches and contracts in response to a state of an electric field;an upper thin film electrode foiiiied on one principal surface of the piezoelectric layer;a lower thin film electrode formed on the other principal surface of the piezoelectric layer;an upper protective layer formed on the upper thin film electrode; anda lower protective layer formed on the lower thin film electrode,wherein a groove which penetrates the thin film electrode and the protective layer is formed in at least a portion of an outer peripheral portion in a surface direction of at least one of the upper thin film electrode and the upper protective layer, or the lower thin film electrode and the lower protective ...

ELECTRO-MECHANICAL TRANSDUCTION ELEMENT, MANUFACTURING METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ELECTRO-MECHANICAL TRANSDUCTION ELEMENT, DROPLET DISCHARGE HEAD, AND DROPLET DISCHARGE DEVICE

An electro-mechanical transduction element includes a lower electrode formed above a substrate; an electro-mechanical transduction film which is formed on the lower electrode and includes a perovskite-type crystal containing lead zirconate titanate (PZT); and an upper electrode formed on the electro-mechanical transduction film, wherein, in a state where the electro-mechanical transduction film is not bound by the substrate, a peak position of X-ray diffraction caused by a plane (200) of the electro-mechanical transduction film is 2θ=44.45° or greater and 44.75° or smaller, and a peak of diffraction caused by the plane (200) or a plane (400) of the electro-mechanical transduction film has an asymmetry property. 1. An electro-mechanical transduction element comprising:a lower electrode formed above a substrate;an electro-mechanical transduction film which is formed on the lower electrode and includes a perovskite-type crystal containing lead zirconate titanate (PZT); andan upper electrode formed on the electro-mechanical transduction film,wherein, in a state where the electro-mechanical transduction film is not bound by the substrate, a peak position of X-ray diffraction caused by a plane (200) of the electro-mechanical transduction film is 2θ=44.45° or greater and 44.75° or smaller, and a peak of diffraction caused by the plane (200) or a plane (400) of the electro-mechanical transduction film has an asymmetry property.2. An electro-mechanical transduction element comprising:a lower electrode formed above a substrate;an electro-mechanical transduction film which is formed on the lower electrode and includes a perovskite-type crystal containing lead zirconate titanate (PZT); andan upper electrode formed on the electro-mechanical transduction film,wherein, in a state where the electro-mechanical transduction film is bound by the substrate, a peak position of X-ray diffraction caused by a plane (200) of the electro-mechanical transduction film is 2θ=44.50° or greater ...

PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, STATOR FOR OSCILLATORY WAVE MOTOR, OSCILLATORY WAVE MOTOR, DRIVING CONTROL SYSTEM, OPTICAL APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR MAKING STATOR FOR OSCILLATORY WAVE MOTOR

The present invention provides a piezoelectric element that includes a piezoelectric material having first and second surfaces; a common electrode disposed on the first surface; and a plurality of drive phase electrodes, a detection phase electrode, and a non-drive phase electrode disposed on the second surface, the piezoelectric material being sandwiched between the common electrode and the electrodes on the second surface. An absolute value d(1) of a piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric material (1) in portions sandwiched between the drive phase electrodes and the common electrode, an absolute value d(2) of a piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric material (2) in a portion sandwiched between the detection phase electrode and the common electrode, and an absolute value d(3) of the piezoelectric material (3) in a portion sandwiched between the non-drive phase electrode and the common electrode satisfy d(2)<0.95d(1), d(3)<0.95d(1), and 0.9≦d(3)/d(2)≦1.1. 1. A piezoelectric element comprising:a single piece of a piezoelectric material having a first surface and a second surface;a common electrode disposed on the first surface;a plurality of drive phase electrodes disposed on the second surface;a detection phase electrode disposed on the second surface; anda non-drive phase electrode disposed on the second surface,wherein an absolute value d(1) of a piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric material (1) in portions sandwiched between the plurality of drive phase electrodes and the common electrode, an absolute value d(2) of a piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric material (2) in a portion sandwiched between the detection phase electrode and the common electrode, and an absolute value d(3) of the piezoelectric material (3) in a portion sandwiched between the non-drive phase electrode and the common electrode satisfy relationships d(2)<0.95d(1), d(3)<0.95d(1), and 0.9≦d(3)/d(2)≦1.1.2. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCER ELEMENT, METHOD OF PRODUCING THE ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCER ELEMENT, DROPLET DISCHARGE HEAD, AND DROPLET DISCHARGE APPARATUS

An electromechanical transducer element includes a first electrode, an electromechanical transducer film, and a second electrode. The electromechanical transducer film is a {100} preferentially oriented polycrystalline film. A sum of an orientation degree ρ{111} of {111} plane and an orientation degree ρ{100} of {100} plane is in a range of not less than 0.0002 and not greater than 0.25. At least two diffraction peaks of a plurality of diffraction peaks separated in diffraction peaks derived from {200} plane or {400} plane obtained by the θ-2θ measurement of the electromechanical transducer film according to the X-ray diffraction method attribute to a tetragonal a-domain structure and a tetragonal c-domain structure, respectively. A value of Sc/(Sa+Sc) is not greater than 20%, where Sa represents an area of a diffraction peak attributing to the tetragonal a-domain structure and Sc represents an area of a diffraction peak attributing to the tetragonal c-domain structure. 1. An electromechanical transducer element comprising:a first electrode directly on or indirectly above one of a substrate and a base film;an electromechanical transducer film disposed on the first electrode and having a perovskite crystal; anda second electrode disposed on the electromechanical transducer film,wherein the electromechanical transducer film is a {100} preferentially oriented polycrystalline film in which {100} plane is preferentially oriented, where I{hkl} represents a peak intensity of a diffraction peak derived from an {hkl} plane obtained by a θ-2θ measurement of the electromechanical transducer film according to an X-ray diffraction method,', 'ΣI{hkl} represents a total sum of peak intensities of a plurality of diffraction peaks obtained by the θ-2θ measurement of the electromechanical transducer film according to an X-ray diffraction method, and', {'br': None, 'i': 'hkl}=I{hkl}/ΣI{hkl},', 'ρ{'}, 'ρ{hkl} represents an orientation degree of an {hkl} plane of the electromechanical ...

PIEZOELECTRIC ELEMENT, VIBRATOR, VIBRATION WAVE MOTOR, OPTICAL DEVICE, AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

A piezoelectric element, in which a piezoelectric material layer has a plurality of crystal particles and a plurality of void portions and, in at least one of two or more of the piezoelectric material layers, when the average thickness in the lamination direction of the piezoelectric material layer is defined as T, the average circle-equivalent diameter of the plurality of crystal particles is defined as D, the maximum length in the lamination direction of the plurality of void portions not contacting the electrode layers is defined as L, and the average thickness of the electrode layers contacting the at least one piezoelectric material layer is defined as T, 0.07T≤D≤0.33Tand T≤L≤0.3Tare established and the lead content is less than 1000 ppm. 1. A piezoelectric element comprising:a piezoelectric material layer; andan electrode layer,whereinthe piezoelectric material layer and the electrode layer are alternately laminated,whereinthe piezoelectric material layer has a plurality of crystal particles and a plurality of void portions, and {'br': None, 'i': T', '≤D', 'T, 'sub': P', 'G', 'P, '0.07≤0.33and'}, 'the following formulas are satisfied{'sub': E', 'V', 'P', 'P', 'G', 'V', 'E, 'T≤L≤0.3Twhere Tis an average thickness in a lamination direction of the piezoelectric material layer, Dis an average circle-equivalent diameter of the plurality of crystal particles, Lis a maximum length in a lamination direction of the plurality of void portions not contacting the electrode layer, and Tis an average thickness of the electrode layer contacting the piezoelectric material layer, and'}a lead content is less than 1000 ppm.2. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , wherein{'sub': 'G', 'the average circle-equivalent diameter Dis 5 μm or more and 15 μm or less.'}3. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 , whereina line average roughness Ra of an interface of the electrode layer contacting the piezoelectric material layer is 1 μm or less when observed from a cross ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SENSING UNDERWATER SOUND PRESSURE

A hydrophone may include a first piezoelectric cable including alternating sections of positive polarity and negative polarity, and a second piezoelectric cable including alternating sections of negative polarity and positive polarity. At least a portion of each section of positive polarity of the first piezoelectric cable may be bonded or adhered to at least a portion of a section of negative polarity of the second piezoelectric cable. A method of manufacturing a hydrophone may include winding or coiling a first piezoelectric cable and a second piezoelectric cable at the same time to create a series of wound sections including cables, the wound sections alternating with a series of not wound sections including the cables. 1. A hydrophone comprising:a first piezoelectric cable comprising alternating sections of positive polarity and negative polarity; anda second piezoelectric cable comprising alternating sections of negative polarity and positive polarity, where at least a portion of each section of positive polarity of the first piezoelectric cable is bonded to at least a portion of a section of negative polarity of the second piezoelectric cable.2. The hydrophone of claim 1 , comprising an electrically conductive coating covering at least a portion of the first piezoelectric cable and at least a portion of the second piezoelectric cable.3. The hydrophone of claim 1 , comprising coiled sections and uncoiled sections claim 1 , the coiled sections alternating with the uncoiled sections claim 1 , each coiled section comprising the first piezoelectric cable and the second piezoelectric cable.4. The hydrophone of claim 3 , wherein in each combination of adjacent coiled section and uncoiled section claim 3 , one of the first piezoelectric cable or the second piezoelectric cable is cut.5. The hydrophone of claim 1 , wherein the first piezoelectric cable comprises an inner conductor and a layer of piezoelectric copolymer coating and the second piezoelectric cable ...

PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER, ULTRASONIC PROBE, AND PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER MANUFACTURING METHOD

According to embodiment, a piezoelectric transducer includes a polarized single crystal piezoelectric body comprising a lead complex perovskite compound containing niobium oxide and at least one of magnesium oxide and indium oxide and including a first plane whose crystal orientation is [100] and a second plane which faces the first plane and whose crystal orientation is [100], and first electrode provided on the first plane side of the body and a second electrode provided on the second plane side of the body. A ratio of a second FWHM of diffracted X-rays at the Miller index (400) of the body to a first FWHM of diffracted X-rays at the miller index (400) of the body which is unpolarized or has undergone depolarization processing is not less than 0.22 and not more than 0.4. 1. A piezoelectric transducer comprising:a polarized single crystal piezoelectric body comprising a lead complex perovskite compound containing niobium oxide and at least one of magnesium oxide and indium oxide and including a first plane whose crystal orientation is [100] and a second plane which faces the first plane and whose crystal orientation is [100]; anda first electrode provided on the first plane side of the single crystal piezoelectric body and a second electrode provided on the second plane side of the single crystal piezoelectric body,wherein a ratio of a second FWHM of diffracted X-rays at the Miller index (400) of the single crystal piezoelectric body to a first FWHM of diffracted X-rays at the miller index (400) of the single crystal piezoelectric body which is unpolarized or has undergone depolarization processing is not less than 0.22 and not more than 0.4.2. The piezoelectric transducer according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of a second diffraction angle at which diffracted X-rays at the Miller index (400) of the single crystal piezoelectric body reaches a peak to a first diffraction angle at which diffracted X-rays at the miller index (400) of the single crystal piezoelectric ...

POLYMER COMPOSITE PIEZOELECTRIC BODY, ELECTROACOUSTIC TRANSDUCTION FILM, AND ELECTROACOUSTIC TRANSDUCER

Provided are a polymer composite piezoelectric body in which the conversion efficiency between electricity and sound is increased and thus the sound pressure level is improved, an electroacoustic transduction film, and an electroacoustic transducer. The polymer composite piezoelectric body includes a viscoelastic matrix formed of a polymer material having a cyanoethyl group, piezoelectric body particles which are dispersed in the viscoelastic matrix and have an average particle diameter of more than or equal to 2.5 μm, and dielectric particles dispersed in the viscoelastic matrix, in which the dielectric particles are formed of a material different from that of the piezoelectric body particles and have an average particle diameter of less than or equal to 0.5 μm and a relative permittivity of more than or equal to 80. 1. A polymer composite piezoelectric body comprising:a viscoelastic matrix formed of a polymer material having a cyanoethyl group;piezoelectric body particles which are dispersed in the viscoelastic matrix and have an average particle diameter of more than or equal to 2.5 μm; anddielectric particles dispersed in the viscoelastic matrix,wherein the dielectric particles are formed of a material different from that of the piezoelectric body particles and have an average particle diameter of less than or equal to 0.5 μm and a relative permittivity of more than or equal to 80 at 25° C.2. The polymer composite piezoelectric body according to claim 1 , wherein a volume fraction of the dielectric particles with respect to a total volume of the viscoelastic matrix and the dielectric particles is 5% to 45%.3. The polymer composite piezoelectric body according to claim 1 , wherein the average particle diameter of the dielectric particles is 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm.4. The polymer composite piezoelectric body according to claim 2 , wherein the average particle diameter of the dielectric particles is 0.1 μm to 0.5 μm.5. The polymer composite piezoelectric body according to ...

Method of Deposition

In a method for sputter depositing an additive-containing aluminium nitride film containing an additive element like Sc or Y, a first layer of the additive-containing aluminium nitride film is deposited onto a substrate disposed within a chamber by pulsed DC reactive sputtering. A second layer of the additive-containing aluminium nitride film is deposited onto the first layer by pulsed DC reactive sputtering. The second layer has the same composition as the first layer. A gas or gaseous mixture is introduced into the chamber when depositing the first layer. A gaseous mixture comprising nitrogen gas and an inert gas is introduced into the chamber when depositing the second layer. The percentage of nitrogen gas in the flow rate (in sccm) when depositing the first layer is greater than that when depositing the second layer. 1. A method for sputter depositing an additive-containing aluminium nitride film containing an additive element selected from Sc or Y , the method comprising the steps of:depositing a first layer of the additive-containing aluminium nitride film onto a substrate disposed within a chamber by pulsed DC reactive sputtering; anddepositing a second layer of the additive-containing aluminium nitride film onto the first layer by pulsed DC reactive sputtering, the second layer having the same composition as the first layer;wherein:the step of depositing the first layer comprises introducing a gas or gaseous mixture into the chamber at a flow rate (in sccm), and 87-100% of the flow rate (in sccm) is a flow of nitrogen gas;the step of depositing the second layer comprises introducing a gaseous mixture into the chamber at a flow rate (in sccm), the gaseous mixture comprising nitrogen gas and an inert gas; andthe percentage of the nitrogen gas in the flow rate (in sccm) used during the step of depositing the first layer is greater than a percentage of the nitrogen gas in the flow rate (in sccm) used during the step of depositing the second layer.2. A method ...

ARTIFICIALLY ORIENTED PIEZOELECTRIC FILM FOR INTEGRATED FILTERS

The present disclosure relates to semiconductor structures and, more particularly, to artificially oriented piezoelectric films for integrated filters and methods of manufacture. The structure includes: a piezoelectric film with effective crystalline orientations of the polar axis rotated 90 degrees from a natural orientation for planar deposited films; and a conductor pattern formed on a surface of the piezoelectric film. 1. A structure comprising:a piezoelectric film with effective crystalline orientations of a polar axis rotated 90 degrees from a natural orientation for planar deposited films; anda conductor pattern formed on a surface of the piezoelectric film.2. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric film is AlN.3. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the conductor pattern and piezoelectric film is an electrical filter.4. The structure of claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric film has an effective crystalline orientation of the polar axis in a horizontal orientation claim 1 , with respect to the conductor pattern.5. The structure of claim 4 , wherein the conductor pattern comprises electrodes formed on a single claim 4 , planar surface of the piezoelectric film.6. The structure of claim 5 , wherein the effective crystalline orientations is to a depth of at least an electric field generated by the electrodes.7. The structure of claim 5 , wherein the effective crystalline orientations of the polar axis are in a vertical direction adjacent to an underlying substrate.8. The structure of claim 5 , wherein the piezoelectric film fills in airgaps created in an underlying piezoelectric film.9. The structure of claim 4 , wherein the horizontal orientation is an artificial orientation of the piezoelectric film which provides enhanced piezoelectric response in comparison to a film with a vertically oriented polar axis.10. A method comprising:forming a piezoelectric film with effective crystalline orientations of a polar axis rotated 90 degrees from a natural ...

TRANSPARENT ORIENTED ELECTROACTIVE CERAMICS

An electroactive ceramic may be incorporated into a transparent optical element between transparent electrodes and may characterized by a preferred crystallographic orientation. The preferred crystallographic orientation may be aligned along a polar axis of the electroactive ceramic and substantially parallel to each of the electrodes. Optical properties of the optical element, including transmissivity, haze, and clarity may be substantially unchanged during actuation thereof and the attendant application of a voltage to the electroactive ceramic. 1. An optical element , comprising:a primary electrode;a secondary electrode overlapping at least a portion of the primary electrode; andan electroactive ceramic having a preferred crystallographic orientation disposed between and abutting the primary electrode and the secondary electrode.2. The optical element of claim 1 , wherein the electroactive ceramic comprises a distribution of orientations having a full width half maximum (FWHM) of less than approximately 20°.3. The optical element of claim 1 , wherein the electroactive ceramic comprises a Lotgering factor of at least 90%.4. The optical element of claim 1 , wherein the preferred crystallographic orientation is aligned substantially parallel to each of the primary electrode and the secondary electrode.599. The optical element of claim 1 , wherein the electroactive ceramic comprises a relative density of at least approximately % and a transmissivity within the visible spectrum of at least approximately 50%.6. The optical element of claim 1 , wherein the electroactive ceramic comprises less than 10% haze.7. The optical element of claim 1 , wherein the electroactive ceramic claim 1 , when exposed to an applied field of from approximately 0 MV/m to approximately 2 MV/m claim 1 , comprises at least one of:a change in transmissivity of less than 50%;a change in haze of less than 50%, and a change in clarity of less than 50%.8. The optical element of claim 1 , wherein the ...

Shear vibration-based piezoelectric composite material and preparation method thereof

A shear vibration-based piezoelectric composite material and a preparation method thereof are disclosed. The piezoelectric composite material includes a piezoelectric material and the passive material. The piezoelectric material includes a piezoelectric material polarized along the x-axis positive and a piezoelectric material negatively polarized along the x-axis. The piezoelectric materials in the two polarization directions are alternately arranged along the x-axis direction. The passive material includes a filling layer, a transition layer, and a planar layer. The filling layer is disposed between every two adjacent piezoelectric materials. The planar layer is located outer two surfaces perpendicular to the z-axis of the piezoelectric material. The planar layer on one side is fixedly connected to the filling layer in the odd-numbered position via the transition layer. The planar layer on the other side is fixedly connected to the filling layer in the even-numbered position via the transition layer. The piezoelectric composite material can be used to prepare an underwater acoustic transducer, a hydrophone, piezoelectric energy harvesters, and the like. The invention innovatively converts shear vibrations into the thickness vibrations of the upper and lower surfaces of the composite material, thereby improving the performance of the composite material. 1. A shear vibration-based piezoelectric composite , comprising:a piezoelectric material; anda passive material,wherein the piezoelectric material comprises a first piezoelectric material polarized along a positive x-axis direction and a second piezoelectric material polarized along a negative x-axis direction, wherein polarization directions of the first piezoelectric material and the second piezoelectric material are alternately arranged along the x-axis direction,wherein the passive material comprises a filling layer, a transition layer and a planar layer, wherein the filling layer is disposed between every two of ...

FERROELECTRIC MATERIAL, MEMS COMPONENT COMPRISING A FERROELECTRIC MATERIAL, MEMS DEVICE COMPRISING A FIRST MEMS COMPONENT, METHOD OF PRODUCING A MEMS COMPONENT, AND METHOD OF PRODUCING A CMOS-COMPATIBLE MEMS COMPONENT

A ferroelectric material includes a mixed crystal having AlN and at least one nitride of a transition metal. The proportion of the nitride of the transition metal is selected such that a direction of an initial or spontaneous polarity of the ferroelectric material is switchable by applying a switchover voltage. The switchover voltage is below a breakdown voltage of the ferroelectric material. 1. Ferroelectric material; comprisinga mixed crystal comprising AlN and at least one nitride of a transition metal;wherein the proportion of the nitride of the transition metal is selected such that a direction of an initial or spontaneous polarity of the ferroelectric material is switchable by applying a switchover voltage, the switchover voltage being below a breakdown voltage of the ferroelectric material.2. Ferroelectric material as claimed in claim 1 , the ferroelectric material comprising a mechanical stress that lies between a first value of a compressive stress and a second value of a tensile stress claim 1 , wherein an absolute value of the first value is lower than an absolute value of the second value.3. Ferroelectric material as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the mechanical stress lies within an interval of −600 MPa to 2000 MPa claim 2 , wherein negative values represent compressive stress and positive values represent tensile stress.4. Ferroelectric material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the direction of polarity of the ferroelectric material is maintained after removal of the applied switchover voltage.5. Ferroelectric material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the ratio of a number of transition metal atoms to a sum of the number of transition metal atoms and a number of aluminum atoms ranges between greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 0.5.6. Ferroelectric material as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the transition metal comprises scandium claim 1 , yttrium claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , niobium and/or chromium.7. Method comprising:providing a mixed ...

Electromechanical transducer device

The invention relates to an electromechanical transducer device (2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4) comprising at least one layer composite (4, 4.1) disposed between a first electrode (6) and at least one second electrode (8). Said layer composite (4, 4.1) comprises a first electro-active layer (10) and at least one second electro-active layer (12), an electret material (14, 14.1) being provided, at least in sections, between the first electro-active layer (10) and the second electro-active layer (12), and the electret material (14) has an electric charge which can be predefined.

Patent FR2538157B1

Organic thin film display device having a cholesteric liquid crystal layer

본 발명은 콜레스테릭 액정층을 포함하는 유기박막표시장치에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 유기EL패널 상에 콜레스테릭 액정층을 배치함으로써 유기EL패널에서 출사되는 광 가운데 소정 방향으로 회전하는 원편광의 광만을 반사시키고, 반사된 광이 유기EL패널에서 재반사되면서 원편광의 방향이 반대로 바뀌도록 하여 콜레스테릭 액정층을 투과할 수 있도록 할 수 있도록 함으로써 편광 특성에 따른 광손실을 방지할 수 있는 유기박막표시장치에 관한 것이다. The present invention relates to an organic thin film display device including a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, and more particularly, by rotating a cholesteric liquid crystal layer on an organic EL panel, a circle rotating in a predetermined direction among light emitted from the organic EL panel. By reflecting only the polarized light and allowing the reflected light to be re-reflected in the organic EL panel to reverse the direction of the circularly polarized light to transmit the cholesteric liquid crystal layer to prevent light loss due to the polarization characteristics The present invention relates to an organic thin film display device. 이를 위하여 본 발명의 유기박막표시장치는 유기EL패널, 원편광의 광을 선편광의 광으로 변환시키는 λ/4 위상지연층, 상기 λ/4 위상지연층에서 선편광으로 변환된 광 가운데 광축이 일치하는 광만을 선택적으로 통과시키는 편광필름을 포함하는 유기박막표시장치에 있어서, 입사광 가운데 일방향으로 회전하는 원편광의 광은 투과시키며 상기 일방향과 반대되는 방향으로 회전하는 원편광의 광은 투과시키는 콜레스테릭 액정층을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 한다. To this end, the organic thin film display device of the present invention has an organic EL panel, a λ / 4 phase delay layer for converting circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light, and an optical axis of the light converted into linearly polarized light in the λ / 4 phase delay layer. An organic thin film display device comprising a polarizing film for selectively passing only light, wherein the cholesteric light transmits circularly polarized light rotating in one direction among incident light and transmits light of circularly polarized light rotating in a direction opposite to the one direction. It further comprises a liquid crystal layer. 선편광, 원편광, 콜레스테릭 액정, 유기EL, 위상지연 Linearly polarized light, circularly polarized light, cholesteric liquid crystal, organic EL, phase delay

Piezo electric device

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Vibration wave drive device, stator for a vibration wave motor, vibration wave motor, driving control system, optical apparatus, and manufacturing method of a vibration wave driving device

A vibration wave drive device includes an annular piezoelectric element including a piezoelectric material and multiple electrodes provided sandwiching the piezoelectric material, the annular piezoelectric element being configured to vibrate by a traveling wave of a wavelength λ; and a power feeding member including at least an electric wire for supplying electric power to the element, the feeding member being provided at a first surface of the element. The element includes at least two driving regions, and a non-driving region arranged between two of the at least two driving regions and having an average annular length of nλ/4, n being an odd number. At least one electrode provided on the first surface is arranged across the driving region and the non-driving region, and is electrically connected to the feeding member only in the non-driving region.

Method for forming piezoelectric films on surfaces of arbitrary morphologies

The present disclosure provides a method for forming piezoelectric films on surfaces of arbitrary morphologies. The method includes providing a sol for forming the piezoelectric film; spraying the sol onto the surface thereby forming a liquid film containing the sol on the surface; wiping the liquid film with a flattening tool for flattening the liquid film; drying the flattened liquid film thereby forming a gel layer; and annealing the gel layer thereby forming the piezoelectric film. The piezoelectric films with high uniformity and desired thickness can be formed on curved and even wrinkled surfaces by the present method.

Flexible and low cost lead-free piezoelectric composites with high d33 values

Lead-free piezoelectric composites and methods of making and uses thereof are described. The lead-free piezoelectric composites have high flexibility and high piezoelectric properties.

Piezoelectric material, piezoelectric element, method for manufacturing piezoelectric element, and electronic device

The present invention can provide a lead-free piezoelectric material having a high piezoelectric constant in the room temperature range. The present invention for this purpose is a piezoelectric material including a main component containing a perovskite metal oxide represented by following general formula (1), Ba a (Ti 1-x Zr x )O 3   (1) where 0.02≤x≤0.13 and 0.986≤a≤1.02, a first auxiliary component containing Mn, and a second auxiliary component containing trivalent Bi, wherein an amount of the contained Mn is 0.0020 moles or more and 0.0150 moles or less relative to 1 mole of the metal oxide, and an amount of the contained Bi is 0.00042 moles or more and 0.00850 moles or less relative to 1 mole of the metal oxide.

Thick-film transducer arrays and control field

A method of fabricating and controlling a thick-film transducer array for steering and focusing ultrasonic waves within a substrate volume is provided. A ceramic film composition can be coated on a substrate volume in one or more layers. The ceramic film can be masked with a plastic sheet out of which an electrode pattern is cut. Conductive electrode material can be applied to the pattern to create a transducer array that can be polarized with an applied electric field. A method of controlling a thick-film transducer array comprises exciting one or more array elements to generate a wavefield in a substrate volume, the wavefield can be reflected by features within the substrate volume, one or more array elements can receive reflected wavefield signals, and images of the insonified substrate volume can be generated.

Flexible Patterned Piezoceramic Composite and Manufacturing Method Thereof

The present invention provides a surface tension assisted film forming method to prepare a flexible, patterned piezoceramic composite for use in a variety of electronics. The present method allows tuning mechanical and piezoelectric properties of the resulting composite by simply adjusting one or few parameters used during the piezoceramic film forming and/or composite forming procedures in the absence of any complex transferring techniques that are commonly used in conventional methods. The present invention also allows customizing patterns (two-dimensional or three-dimensional) on the piezoceramic framework to result in a piezoelectric composite that is able to provide anisotropic piezoelectric responses to different loads whilst still having a constant electrical output over a long-time deformation.

Display module and fabrication method thereof, and display device

A display module and a fabrication method thereof, and a display device, and relates to the field of display technologies, to synchronously implement a display function and a surface tactile reproduction function. The display module includes: a base substrate, a plurality of piezoelectric structures positioned on a first side of the base substrate, and at least one isolation portion positioned on the first side of the base substrate and configured to separate any two adjacent piezoelectric structures. A pixel hole is arranged in at least one of three positions, i.e., a position of the piezoelectric structure, a position of the isolation portion, and a position between the piezoelectric structure and the isolation portion. The display module also includes a plurality of pixel structures, and each of the plurality of pixel structures is positioned in one of the pixel holes.