GEL FORMULATIONS FOR USE IN TOXIC OR HAZARDOUS PRODUCT CONTAINERISATION SYSTEMS

The invention relates to new containerisation systems containing water dispersible organic gels. These containerisation systems are suitable for containing hazardous products to render them safer to handle and for the environment.

At present, most hazardous liquids are stored in metal drums or, where smaller quantities are required, plastic containers.

Hazardous compounds, especially agrochemical compounds are formulated in various compositions. Liquid composition are most convenient for farmers because of the relative ease with which they can be handled. There are, nevertheless, difficulties in handling such liquid compositions. There is a danger of spillage of leakage if there are holes in the containers previously used or if they are dropped. Although secure containers resistant to shock can be used, in the event of an accident, for example during transportation, the risk remains of spillage or leakage with rapid loss of liquid, for example leaking onto the ground.

It has been difficult to provide a formulation and a containerisation system (i.e. container) which safeguards those handling it, including farmers and transporters, and the environment.

It is known to have agrochemicals in soluble bags or sachets, see for example EP-A-0,347,220 and EP-A-0,449,773 (published after the priority date of the present application). That does not avoid completely the possibility of the bag cracking and breaking and the liquid creating a contamination problem. More specifically, when water soluble bags are used, the agrochemical compositions contained in the bag are organic ones, that is to say nonaqueous solvent-based compositions and, more or less, the solvent has the tendency to extract the adjuvant and additives of the film and to render the wall (film) of the bag more brittle (especially at low temperature and more specifically at temperature below 0°C) or to reduce its service life.

It was known to use gel formulations for pharmaceuticals or cosmetics, but there is practically no risk of pollution or contamination of environment when handling such products, in contrast to pesticides and agrochemicals. Furthermore the gels used for pharmaceutical or cosmetical purposes are generally water-based, so that it was unobvious to obtain gels which are convenient for water soluble sachets or bags, nor for agrochemicals containing water soluble sachets or bags, nor for shock absorption purposes for such bags.

Furthermore, and in a practical point of view, higher concentrations of active ingredient may be obtainable when using gels instead of liquids.

The present invention seeks to provide a new cotainerisation system containing agrochemicals which are safe for everybody, specially the farmer and those who handle the agrochemicals.

The invention also seeks to provide new formulation system for agrochemicals which is easy to put in a containing system and which is easy to manipulate by the farmer.

The invention also seeks to provide a new formulations system for agrochemicals which are readily soluble and/or dispersible in water. This is a problem which is especially difficult to overcome because the increase in viscosity is often connected with an increased difficulty to disperse in water.

The invention also seeks to provide a new formulation system for agrochemicals which is as condensed as possible, using the least amount of space.

The invention also seeks to provide a new formulation system to contain hazardous compounds, e.g., agrochemicals which reduce the risk of contamination.

The invention also seeks to provide a new formulation system to contain smelling or stinking compounds, e.g., agrochemicals which remove the odors or reduce odor problems.

The invention also seeks to avoid breakage of the container that contains an agrochemical formulation. When the container is brittle and rigid, there is a distinct possibility of simple breakage, but the liquid still transmits the shocks and there is the problem of hydraulic hammer effect. The invention seeks to avoid, or at least partially reduce, this hydraulic hammer effect. The invention also seeks to provide a cotainerisation system for hazardous compounds that dissipate, as much as possible, the energy of an external shock to a container.

The invention also seeks to provide a shock absorbing formulation system for containing agrochemicals, e.g., pesticides or plant protection agents or plant protection agents or plant growth regulators.

The invention also seeks to provide a containerisation system which further extends the service life of the water soluble bag or sachet during storage, such as preventing the bag film from becoming brittle at freezing temperature.

The invention further seeks to provide a new formulation system for agrochemicals which quickly dissolve when put into water and which is not damaged by normal freezing.

The invention further seeks to provide a new formulation system for agrochemicals which reduces the risks of clogging the spray nozzles or the filters of spray tanks.

The present invention provides a containerisation system comprising a water dispersible organic gel in a water soluble or water dispersible bag, wherein the gel is a continuous system having a phase difference phi between the controlled shear stress and the resulting shear strain such that tg(phi) is less than or equal to 1.5 and having a spontaneity less than 75, and which comprises:

1. a hazardous product;
2. optionally organic solvent,
3. a water soluble or water dispersible surfactant;
4. a gelling agent; and
5. a plasticising agent which is a compound able to reduce the glass transition temperature of polyvinyl alcohol to below room temperature.

The invention also provides the use of a compound which is able to reduce the glass transition temperature of polyvinyl alcohol to below room temperature in a water dispersible organic gel contained in a water soluble or water dispersible bag, as a plasticising agent which imparts and maintains softness in the bag, wherein the gel is a continuous system having a phase difference phi between the controlled shear stress and the resulting shear strain such that tg(phi) is less than or equal to 1.5 and having a spontaneity less than 75, and which gel comprises:

1. a hazardous product;
2. optionally organic solvent;
3. a water soluble or water dispersible surfactant;
4. a gelling agent; and
5. a plasticising agent.

The gelling agent or thickener is a compound that substantially increases the viscosity of an organic solution.

The gelling agent which is used in the present invention may be liquid or preferably solid. The gelling agent is preferably soluble at a concentration of at least 10% by weight in a liquid mixture of the hazardous product, surfactant and organic solvent, if present, at a temperature above 50°C. If solid, it generally has a particle size of less than 100 microns, preferably less than 40 microns, more preferably less than 20 microns and most preferably less than 10 microns.

Preferred gelling agents include tetramethyl decyne diol, ethoxylated dialkylphenol, methylated clay, propylene carbonate, hydrogenated castor oil, ethoxylated vegetable oil, diatomaceous earth, mixtures of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and sodium benzoate, mixtures of hexanediol and hexynediol, and a polyacrylic acid polymer or copolymer, optionally in the form of a salt and optionally crosslinked (e.g. partially crosslinked).

By the word surfactant, it is meant an organic material which substantially reduces the surface tension of water.

Surfactants which are particularly suitable for the invention are defined by the following test: according to this test, the liquid active ingredient in organic solvent, if present in the gel, (50g in total) and surface-active adjuvant (5g) are added to an amount of water, at 50°C, which is sufficient to bring the volume of the mixture to 100ml; the mixture is agitated so as to give a homogeneous emulsion and this is left to stand for 30 mintues at 50°C in a graduated cylinder; the amount of oily layer which may have separated out (and thus formed a distinct liquid phase) must then be less than 20 ml.

The surfactant that is used in the invention may be nonionic, anionic or actionic, or may be zwitterionic. Amphoteric surfactants may be used. A mixture of surfactants may also be used. Preferably the surfactant is able to form a liquid mixture, preferably a liquid phase, with hazardous product and organic solvent, if present, at a temperature above 70°C, preferably above 50°C. This liquid mixture may be in the form of a single continuous phase or of an emulsion. Another preferable feature of the surfactant is that it contains at least 10% of a surfactant having hydroxy and/or alcoxy groups, such as polyethoxylated or polyproxylated derivatives. Especially preferred are derivatives of fatty amine or fatty acids or fatty alcohols or aryl phenols.

Preferred surfactants include noninonic surfactants,

1. optionally mixed with an ionic surfactant, and
2. which are able to form a liquid mixture with the hazardous product and organic solvent, if present, at a temperature above 50°C, preferably above 70°C.

The hereinbefore defined gel may optionally contain the further following components:

1. an organic or mixture of organic solvents in which therein the hazardous product is soluble e.g. completely soluble at room temperature;
2. a dispersant;
3. a secondary thickener; such as a polyacrylic acid polymer, optionally in the form of a salt or a copolymer and optionally cross-linked (eg. partially cross-linked); fumed silica; hydroxyethyl cellulose carboxy-methylcellulose; organically modified attapulgite or montmorillonite clay; hardened castor oil; cetyl and stearyl alcohols or esters; polyethylene glycols; glycerol hydroxystearate, polyvinylalcohol (of low molecular weight), dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and sodium benzoate; alkyl benzene sulfonates; xantham gum, polyvinylpyrrolidone; or polyvinyl acetate;
4. other additives such as antifoam agents, stabilizers, buffers and antifreezing agents.

Among the gels used in the invention as hereabove defined, some particular gels are preferred, especially those comprising by weight:

1. 5 to 95%, preferably 10 to 90%, more preferably 25 to 80%, of hazardous product;
2. 1 to 50%, more preferably 2 to 20%, of surfactant;
3. 0.1 to 50%, preferably 0.5 to 10% of gelling agent;
4. 0 to 80%, preferably 3 to 50%, of solvent;
5. 0 to 20% preferably 0.1 to 10% of plasticising agent;
6. optionally 0.1 to 20%, preferably 2 to 8%, of a dispersant; and
7. 0 to 20%, preferably 0.1 to 10%, of other additives,

The plasticising agent which may be used in the invention is a compound that is able to reduce the glass transition temperature of polyvinyl alcohol to below room temperature.

Furthermore this plasticising agent is preferably compound that is water soluble or water dispersible and is soluble at a concentration of at least 0.1% by weight in a liquid mixture of the hazardous product, the surfactant and optionally organic solvent, if present.

The plasticising agent, may for example be selected from: alcohols compounds (linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated), especially alcenols having, from 6 to 36 carbon atoms; alcenols having from 10 to 30 carbon atoms; glycols and triols such as di- and tri-pentaerythritol, trimethylolethane, anhydroenneaheptitol, butanetriol, hexanetriol, erythritols, threitols, ribitol, arabinitols, xylitol, allitol, dulcitol, glucitol, sorbitol mannitol, altritol, iditol, maltitol, lactitol, ethyleneglycol, diethyleneglycol, triethyleneglycol, trimethyleneglycol, tetramethyleneglycol, pentamethyleneglycol, hexamethyleneglycol, propyleneglycol, glycerol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol,; mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and poly-amines, such as diethylenetriamine and ethanolamines; amides, e.g., acetamide and formamide, dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphotriamide; sulfoxides, e.g., dimethylsulfoxide; piperazines.

The plasticising agents (or bag softener) that may be used in invention as described above impart and maintain softness to a container such as a bag containing the gel. They thus help to prevent the container from breaking during handling or storage, especially at low freezing temperatures (e.g., under -20°C). Thus there is little chance for contamination or pollution to occur under these severe conditions.

According to a particular feature of the invention, the components of the compositions used in the invention are chosen in such a way that one or more of the following feature are present:

• the resulting gels have a viscosity of 500 to 30,000 centipoise, more preferably of 1000 to 12000 centipoise (these viscosities are Brookfield viscosities measured with a viscosimeter in the form or a flat plan rotating at 20 revolutions per minute)
• the gel has a phase difference phi between the controlled shear stress and the resulting shear strain such that tg(phi) is less than or equal to 1.2 Tg(phi) is the tangent of the angle phi (or phase difference). The measurement of phi is made by means of a rheometer having a flat fixed plate and a rotating cone above this plate such that the angle between them is less than 10°, preferably less than 4°. The cone is caused to rotate by means of a controlled speed motor; the rotation is a sinusoidal one, i.e., the torque and the angular displacement change as a sine function with time. This angular displacement corresponds to the hereabove mentioned shear strain; the torque of the controlled speed motor (which causes the angular displacement) corresponds to the hereabove mentioned controlled shear stress
• the gels preferably have a specific gravity greater than 1, preferably greater than 1.05, more preferably greater than 1.1.
• the gels have a spontaneity (as hereafter defined) less than 25.

By the expression "continuous system," it is meant a material which is visually homogeneous, that is to say which has the visual appearance of having only one physical phase; this does not exclude the possibility of having small solid particles dispersed therein, provided these particles are small enough not to constitute a visible separate physical phase.

It is known that a gel is generally a colloid in which the dispersed phase has combined with the continuous phase to produce a viscous, jelly-like product; it is also a dispersed system consisting typically of a high molecular weight compound or aggregate of small particles in very close association with a liquid.

By the expression "hazardous product" as used herein is meant a product that may cause damage to the environment or be injurious to a person handling it.

According to one main and preferred feature of the invention, the hazardous product is an active ingredient which is an agrochemical, and more precisely a pesticide or a plant protection agent (including plant growth regulators or plant nutrient).

The invention is not limited to some specific agrochemicals; a list of many agrochemicals which can be used in the invention includes:

1. Fungicides such as Triadimefon, Tebuconazole, Prochloraz, Triforine, Tridemorph, Propiconazole, Primicarb, Iprodione, Metalazyl, bitertanol, Iprobenfos, Flusilazol, fosetyl, Propyzamide, Chlorothalonil, Dichlone, Mancozeb, Antraquinone, Maneb, Vinclozolin, Fenarimol, Bendiocarb, Captafol, Benalaxyl, Thiram,
2. Herbicides (or defoliants) such as quizalofop and its derivatives, Acetochlor, Metolachlor, Imazapur And Imazapyr, Glyphosate And Gluphosinate, Butachlor, Acifluorfen, Oxyfluofen, Butralin, Fluazifop-butyl, Bifenox, Bromoxynil, Ioxynil, Diflufenican, Phenmedipham, Desmedipham, Oxadiazon, Mccopropo. MCPA, MCPB, MCPP, Linuron, Isoproturon, Flamprop And Its Derivatives, Ethofumesate, Diallate, Carbetamide, Alachlor, Metsulfron, Chlorsulfron, Chlorpyralid, 2,4-d) Tribufos, Triclopyr, Diclofop-methyl, Sethoxydim, Pendimethalin, Trifluralin, Ametryn, Chloramben, Amitrole, Asulam, Dicamba, Bentazone, Atrazine, Cyanazine, Thiobencarb, Prometryn, 2-(2-chlorobenzyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-1, 2-oxazolidine-3-one, Fluometuron, Napropamide, Paraquat, Bentazole, Molinate, Propachlor, Imazaquin, Metribuzin, Tebuthiuron, Oryzalin,
3. Insecticides or nemoticides such a Ebufos, Carbosulfan, Amitraz, Vamidothion, Ethion, Triazophos, Propoxur, Phosalone, Permethrin, Cypermethrin, Parathion, Methylparathion, Diazinon, Methomyl, Malathion, Lindane, Fenvalerate, Ethoprophos, Endrin, Endosulfan, Dimethoate, Dieldrin, Dicrotophos, Dichlorprop, Dichlorvos, Azinphos And Its Derivatives, Aldrin, Cyfluthrin, Deltamethrin, Disulfonton, Chordimeform, Chlorpyrifos, Carbaryl, Dicolfol, Thiodicarb, Propargite, Demeton, Phosalone,
4. Plant growth regulator such a gibberellic acid, ethyl or ethephon, cycocel, Chlormequat, Ethephon, Mepiquat.

Among those many agrochemicals, the following are of particular interest: the organophosphorus insecticides and the hydorxybenzonitriles herbicides such as bromoxynil or ioxynil either in the form of a salt or an ester.

In order to assess whether a surface-active adjuvant possesses dispersing properties and may be a dispersant according to the invention, the following test is carried out: an aqueous suspension (100ml) containing kaolin or atrazine (50g), in the form of solid particles having a particle size between 1 and 10 microns, and surface-active adjuvant (5g) is left to stand at 20°C for 30 minutes in a graduated cylinder (kaolin is used when the dispersing agent is able to disperse a hydrophilic solid. Atrazine is used when the dispersing agent is able to disperse a hydrophobic solid). After standing, 9/10ths (nine-tenths) of the volume of the suspension, situated in the upper part of the suspension, is removed, without agitation, and the solids content (residue after evaporation of the water) of the remaining tenth is measured; this solids content must not exceed 12% by weight of the solids content of 100 ml of the suspension on which the test is carried out.

The spontaneity is assessed according to the following method: A mixture of 1 ml gel with 99 ml water are put into a 150 ml glass tube which is stoppered and inverted through 180° (upside down). The number of times required to completely disperse the gel is called the spontaneity.

A thickener is a compound which increases the viscosity of a gel or a liquid.

The surfactant that may be used in the invention may be selected from those of the following list (which is non-limitative): salts of lignosulphonic acids, salts of phenyl sulphonic or naphthalene sulphonic acids; poly condensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty esters, or fatty amines, or substituted Phenols (particularly alkyphenols or arylphenols); salts of sulphosuccinic acid esters; taurine derivatives (particularly alkyltaurates); phosphoric esters of alcohols or of polycondensates of ethylene oxide with phenols; esters of fatty acids with polyols; and sulphate, sulphonate and phosphate functional derivatives of the above compounds.

The dispersants that may be used in the invention may be selected from those of the following list (which is non-limitative: condensed naphthalene sulfonic acid; polyacrylic acid; sodium sulfosuccinate, calcium lignosulfonate, glycerol stearate, poly condensate of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

The chemical nature of the enveloping film constituting the bags which may contain the composition/gels of the invention can vary quite widely. Suitable materials are water soluble (or possibly water dispersible) materials which are insoluble in the organic solvents used to dissolve or disperse the agrochemical active ingredient. Specific suitable materials include polyethylene oxide, such as polyethylene glycol; starch and modified starch; alkyl and hydroxyalkylcellulose, such as hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose; carboxymethylcellulose; polyvinylethers such as poly methy vinylether; poly(2,4-dimethyl-6-triazinylethylene; poly(vinylsulfonic acid); polyanhydrides; low molecular weight urea-formaldehyde resins; low molecular weight melamine-formaldehyde resins; poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate); polyacrylic acid and its homologs; but preferably the enveloping film comprises or is made from polyvinylalcohol (PVA). PVA is generally partially or fully alcoholysed or hydrolysed, e.g., 40-100%, preferably 80-99% alcoholysed or hydrolysed, polyvinyl acetate film.

Preferred material for constituting the bags for the gels of the invention are polyethylene oxide or methylcellulose, or polyvinylalcohol. When polyvinylalcohol is used, it is advantageously a 40-100%, preferably 80-99% alcoholysed or hydrolysed, polyvinyl acetate film.

The gels used in the invention are generally very easy to make, simply by mixing the components, optionally with grinding or milling.

In order to made a bag, the film must be shaped (possibly partially sealed) and then filled with the gel. Generally the gels are able to flow, even if it is a slow rate due to the high viscosity. a container which is used to contain the gels cannot be easily emptied due to this high gel viscosity (that is a reason why the gels have not been used up to now in agriculture). When filled, the bag must be finally sealed, generally heat sealed, to be closed.

Further information may be found in the following copending applications, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference: application of David Edwards and William McCarthy for "Laminated Bags for Containerization of Toxic or Hazardous Materials" filed April 4, 1991; application of Samuel T. Gouge, Leonard E. Hodakowski, Chi-Yu R. Chen and Paul J. Weber for "Gel Formulations for Hazardous Products" filed April 4, 1991; application of Leonard E. Hodakowski, Chi-Yu R. Chen, Samuel T. Gouge and Paul J. Weber for "Water Dispersible Gel Formulations" filed April 4, 1991; application of Leonard E. Hodakowski, Ricky W. Couch, Samuel T. Gouge and Robert C. Ligon for "Gel Formulations" filed April 4, 1991; and application of Samuel T. Gouge, David P. Downing, Spencer B. Cohen, Allan J. Luke, Robert D. McLaughlin and James E. Shue for "Bag In A Bag For containerization of Toxic or Hazardous Material" filed April 4, 1991.

The following examples are given for illustrative purposes and should not be understood as restricting the invention.

In these examples, tg(phi) is less than 1.5

A gel is made by stirring at 50°C a mixture of:

1. Active ingredient: 2,4-D phenoxy benzoic acid isooctyl ester):  64.8%
2. Solvent: aromatic solvent with flash point of 65°C:  23.2%
3. Surfactant: a mixture of
   1. a non ionic/sulfonate blended emulsifier  4%
   2. and calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate  1%
4. Gelling agent: mixture of dioctylsulfosuccinate salt and sodium benzoate   6%
5. plasticising agent: ethylene glycol  1%.

The mixture is stirred and shaked until each component is dissolved or dispersed.

During stirring, a dissolution appears, and thereafter a gelation. Gelation is increased during the cooling at room temperature (20°C).

The brookfield viscosity of the gel is 3000 centipoise.

The emulsion stability is good in the above described test.

1100 g of this gel are put in a 1 liter bag made of a film of PVA (88% hydrolysed Polyvinyl acetate; cold water soluble; thickness: 55 microns). The bag, which is almost full (about 95% v/v), is heat sealed. The density both of the gel and of the bag containing the gel is 1.1.

The bag is then dropped 10 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

Another bag of the sample is also made and stored at -20°C for 3 days. The bag is then dropped 5 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

The bag is put in a tank containing water under gentle agitation (that is to say such as that obtained with pump recycling). It is dispersed within a 3 min interval. There is no clogging in the filter, which is a 100 mesh screen.

The procedure of example 1 is repeated, except that a mixture containing the following adjuvants is used:

1. Surfactant: non ionic/sulfonate blended emulsifier:  5.2%
2. Gelling agent: tetramethyl decynediol  30%

The bookfield viscosity of the gel is 3000 centipoises.

The emulsion stability is good in the above described test.

1100 g of this gel are put in a 1 liter bag made of a film of PVA (88% hydrolysed polyvinly acetate; cold water soluble; thickness: 55 microns). The bag, which is almost full (about 95% v/v), is heat sealed. The density both of the gel and of the bag containing the gel is 1.1.

The bag is then dropped 10 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

Another bag of this sample is also made and stored at -20°C for 3 days. The bag is then dropped 5 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

The bag is put in a tank containing water under gentle agitation (that is to say such as that obtained with pump recycling). It is dispersed within a 3 minute interval. There is no clogging in the filter, which is a 100 mesh screen.

The procedure of example 1 is repeated, except that a mixture containing the following adjuvants is used:

1. Surfactant: non ionic/sulfonate blended emulsifier:  21.5% and calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate:  3.7%
2. Gelling agent: ethoxylated dialkyphenol  10%
3. plasticising agent: a mixture of ethylene glycol and water at 9 to 1 weight ratio 1%
   1. The brookfield viscosity of the gel is 3500 centipoise.
   2. The emulsion stability is good in the above described test.

1100 g of this gel are put in a 1 liter bag made of film of PVA (88% hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate; cold water soluble; thickness: 55 microns). the bag, which is almost full (about 95% v/v), is heat sealed. The density both of the gel and of the bag containing the gel is 1.1.

The bag is then dropped 10 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking,or leakage is observed.

The bag is put in a tank containing water under gentle agitation (that is to say such as that obtained with pump recycling). It is dispersed within a 3 min interval. There is no clogging in the filter, which is a 100 mesh screen.

A gel is made by stirring at 50°C a mixture of:

1. active ingredient:
   1. bromoxynil acid (as the octanoate ester):  30.15%
   2. bromoxynil acid (as the heptanoate ester):  31.15%
2. Solvent: aromatic solvent with a flash point of 38°C:  21.85%
3. surfactant: polyaryl phenolethoxylated  6.0% calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate  2.0%
4. Gelling agent mixture: a clay which has been modified by addition of methyl groups  6.0% and propylene carbonate  2.0%
5. plasticising agent: ethylene glycol  1%

These materials are mixed together while shearing with attritor mixer. The product started to gel in a few minutes.

The brookfield viscosity of the gel is 4200 centipoise.

The emulsion stability is good in the above described test.

The spontaneity is 38.

1100g of this gel are put in a 1 liter bag made of a film of PVA (88% hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate; cold water soluble; thickness: 55 microns). The bag, which is almost full (about 95% v/v), is heat sealed. The density both of the gel and of the hag containing the gel is 1.1.

The bag is then dropped 10 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

Another bag of this sample is also made and stored at -20°C for 3 days. The bag is then dropped 5 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

The bag is put in a tank containing water under gentle agitation (that is to say such as that obtained with pump recycling). It is dispersed within a 3min interval. There is no clogging in the filter, which is a 100 mesh screen.

The procedure of example 4 is repeated, except that a mixture containing the following components is used:

1. active ingredient:
   1. bromoxynil acid (octanoate ester):  18.65%
   2. bromoxynil acid (heptanoate ester):  13.85%
   3. methylchloropropionic acid (isoctyl ester):  37.4%
2. Solvent: Aromatic solvent with a flash point of 38°C:  10.1%
3. Surfactant: non ionic/sulfonate blender emulsifier:  13%
4. Gelling agent mixture:
   1. hydrogenated castor oil  3%
   2. ethoxylated vegetable oil  3%
5. plasticising agent: ethylene glycol  1%

These materials are mixed together while shearing with attritor mixer. The product started to gel in a few minutes.

The brookfield viscosity of the gel is 3150 centipoise.

The emulsion stability is good in the above described test.

The spontaneity is 20.

1100 g of this gel are put in a 1 liter bag made of a film of PVA (88% hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate; cold water soluble; thickness: 55 microns). The bag, which is almost full (about 95% v/v), is heat sealed. The density both of the gel and of the bag containing the gel is 1.1.

The bag is then dropped 10 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

Another bag of this sample is also made and stored at -20°C for 3 days. The bag is then dropped 5 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

The bag is put in a tank containing water under gentle agitation (that is to say such as that obtained with pump recycling). It is dispersed within a 3 min interval. There is no clogging in the filter, which is a 100 mesh screen.

The procedure of example 5 is repeated except that a mixture containing the following components is used:

1. active ingredient:
   1. bromoxynil octanoate:  18.4%
   2. bromoxynil heptanoate:  14.0%
   3. methyl chloropropionic acetic acid (isocytl ester):  36.6%
2. Surfactant mixture: non ionic/sulfonate blended emulsifier:  9.0% and dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid and sodium benzoate:  2.0%
3. Gelling agent: diatomaceous earth:  17.0%
4. Dispersant: sodium sulfonic of naphthalene formaldehyde condensate:  3.0%
5. plasticising agent: a mixture of ethylene glycol and water at 9 to 1 weight ratio:  1%

These materials are mixed together while shearing with attritor mixture. The product started to have the appearance of a smooth paste, and is a gel in few minutes.

The Brookfield viscosity of the gel is 9000 centipoises.

The emulsion stability is good in the above described test.

The spontaneity is 9.

1100 g of this gel are put in a 1 liter bag made of a film of PVA (88% hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate; cold water soluble; thickness; 55 microns). The bag, which is almost full (about 95% v/v), is heat sealed. The density both of the gel and of the bag containing the gel is 1.1.

The bag is then dropped 10 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

Another bag of sample is also made and stored at -20°C for 3 days. The bag is then dropped 5 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

The bag is put in a tank containing water under gentle agitation (that is to say such as that obtained with pump recycling). It is dispersed within a 3 mn interval. There is no clogging in the filter which is a 100 mesh screen.

The procedure of example 1 is repeated, except that a mixture containing the following adjuvants is used:

1. plasticising agent: tetrahydrofurfural alcohol  1%

The mixture is stirred and shaken until each component is dissolved or dispersed.

During stirring, a dissolution appears, and thereafter a gelation. Gelation is increased during the cooling at room temperature (20°C).

The brookfield viscosity of the gel is 3000 centipoise. the emulsion stability is good in the above described test.

The emulsion stability is good in the above described test.

1100g of this gel are put in a 1 liter bag made of a film of PVA (88% hydrolysed Polyvinyl acetate; cold water soluble; thickness: 55 microns). The bag, which is almost full (about 95% v/v), is heat sealed. The density both of the gel and of the bag containing the gel is 1.1.

The bag is then dropped 10 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

Another bag of this sample is also made and stored at -20°C for 3 days. The bag is then dropped 5 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

The bag is put in a tank containing water under gentle agitation (that is to say such as that obtained with pump recycling). It is dispersed within a 3mn interval. There is no clogging in the filter, which is a 100 mesh screen.

The procedure of example 1 is repeated, except that a mixture containing the following material is used:

1. active ingredient
   1. bromoxynil acid (as the octanoate ester):  30.15%
   2. bromoxynil acid (as the heptanoate ester):  31.15%
2. Solvent: aromatic solvent with a flash point of 38°C:  23.7%
3. Surfactant: polyaryl phenolethoxylated  6.0% calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate  2.0%
4. Gelling agent: mixture of dioctylsulfosuccinate salt and sodium benzoate  6%
5. plasticising agent: ethylene glycol  1%

The Brookfield viscosity of the gel is 3000 centipoises. The emulsion stability is good in the above described test.

The emulsion stability is good in the above described test:

1100 g of this gel are put in a 1 liter bag made of a film of PVA (88% hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate; cold water soluble; thickness: 55 microns). The bag, which is almost full (about 95% v/v), is heat sealed. The density both of the gel and of the bag containing the gel is 1.1.

The bag is the dropped 10 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

Another bag of sample is also made and stored at -20C for 3 days. The bag is then dropped 5 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

The bag is put in a tank containing water under gentile agitation (that is to say such as that obtained with pump recycling). It is dispersed within a 3 mn interval. There is no clogging in the filter which is a 100 mesh screen.

The procedure of example 1 is repeated, except that a mixture containing the following material is used:

1. active ingredient:
   1. bromoxynil acid (as the octanoate ester):  33.4%
   2. methylchloropropionic acetic acid (isooctyl ester)  35.6%
2. Solvent: aromatic solvent with a flash point of 38°C:  20.5%
3. Surfactant: polyaryl phenolethoxylated  4.5% calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate  0.5%
4. Gelling agent: mixture of dioctylsulfosuccinate salt and sodium benzoate  5%
5. plasticising agent: ethylene glycol  0.25%
6. Defoamer: substituted acetylenic diol  0.25%

The brookfield viscosity of the gel is 3000 centipoise.

The emulsion stability is good in the above described test.

1100 g of this gel are put in a 1 liter bag made of a film of PVA (88% hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate; cold water soluble; thickness: 55 microns). The bag, which is almost full (about 95% v/v), is heat sealed. The density both of the gel and of the bag containing the gel is 1.1.

The bag is then dropped 10 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

Another bag of this sample is also made and stored at -20°C for 3 days. The bag is then dropped 5 times from 1.2 m onto the ground. No breaking or leakage is observed.

The bag is put in a tank containing water under gentle agitation (that is to say such as that obtained with pump recycling). It is dispersed within a 3 min interval. There is no clogging in the filter, which is a 100 mesh screen.