ОПТИМИЗИРОВАННЫЙ СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ОТХОДОВ ПУТЕМ ГИДРОТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ

Изобретение относится к гидротермическому окислению отходов, содержащихся в сточных водах, и может быть использовано в агропищевой, бумажной, химической, фармацевтической, нефтяной, нефтеперерабатывающей, машиностроительной, металлургической, авиационной и атомной промышленности. Способ гидротермического окисления органических соединений, содержащихся в сточных водах, возможно с неорганическими соединениями и включает инжекцию сточных вод в трубчатый реактор. В трубчатом реакторе сточные воды подвергают сверхкритическому давлению. Температуру потока постепенно повышают от первоначальной температуры до сверхкритической без промежуточного понижения температуры путем введения в трубчатый реактор окислителя в количестве, достаточном для полного окисления органических соединений и возможно для по меньшей мере частичного окисления неорганических соединений. Окислитель вводят по частям в нескольких точках, расположенных по направлению к нижней части реактора. В верхней части трубчатого реактора ...

ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ФИЛЬТРАЦИЕЙ ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЫ

Изобретение предназначено для фильтрации. Предложена система фильтрации, которая содержит нагнетающий насос, выполненный с возможностью приложения давления к текучей среде, протекающей между первой камерой и второй камерой, датчик потока, выполненный с возможностью определения по меньшей мере одного параметра, связанного с протеканием текучей среды через мембрану, установленную между первой камерой и второй камерой, датчик давления, выполненный с возможностью определения показаний давления текучей среды, протекающей из первой камеры во вторую камеру, систему управления фильтрацией, выполненную с возможностью инициирования приложения нагнетающим насосом постоянного давления к текучей среде, протекающей через мембрану в течение первого заданного периода времени на основании показаний давления. Система управления фильтрацией может быть выполнена с возможностью инициирования изменения с помощью нагнетающего насоса направления протекания текучей среды через мембрану на основании по меньшей мере ...

СПОСОБ КОНТРОЛЯ И РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ХИМИИ ZLD ПРОЦЕССА В ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИЯХ

Изобретение относится к способам контроля и регулирования химии процесса с нулевым жидким сбросом (ZLD) и может быть использовано в электростанциях. Первую фракцию жидкого стока из устройства для обработки отходов, приходящих из установки обработки дымового газа, направляют в испарительную установку. Вторую фракцию направляют в резервуар для хранения. Периодически отбирают образцы жидких потоков, циркулирующих в выходных секциях из устройства обработки отходов, из устройства смягчения и входной секции в устройство кристаллизации/испарения и секции пополнения из резервуара для хранения в установку обработки дымового газа. Вычисляют коэффициенты насыщения для сульфата кальция и карбоната кальция для каждой из секций. Идентифицируют критические секции, которые подвержены осаждению сульфата кальция или карбоната кальция, имеющие вычисленные коэффициенты насыщения выше, чем фиксированный порог. Изменяют дозировку реагентов/добавок в упомянутую установку кристаллизации/испарения и/или в устройство ...

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ВОДОСОДЕРЖАЩЕЙ ЖИДКОСТИ

Изобретение относится к устройству для кондиционирования водосодержащей жидкости. Устройство для кондиционирования водосодержащей жидкости включает в себя по меньшей мере один впуск; по меньшей мере одно устройство обработки жидкости для обработки жидкости с помощью ионного обмена, включающее себя катионообменный материал, по меньшей мере часть которого находится в водородной форме, и являющееся эффективным для выделения водорода при обмене на катионы карбонатных минералов в обрабатываемой жидкости, таким образом, повышая количество свободного диоксида углерода; мембранное фильтрационное устройство и секцию, предназначенную для обработки фильтрата, производимого с помощью мембранного фильтрационного устройства, причем секция включает в себя устройство обработки жидкости для растворения по меньшей мере одного минерала, способствующего карбонатной жесткости в воде, в по меньшей мере части жидкости, проходящей через секцию, по меньшей мере один из по меньшей мере одного впуска соединен с впуском ...

СПОСОБ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЯ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ ИОНОВ МАГНИЯ В ИСХОДНОЙ ВОДЕ

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу увеличения концентрации ионов магния в исходной воде, при котором: (a) обеспечивают входящий поток исходной воды QIN, при этом исходная вода имеет общую щелочность (CaCO3) от 5 до 200 мг/л; (b) увеличивают концентрацию двуокиси углерода в указанном входящем потоке QIN для получения потока исходной воды QCO2, содержащей двуокись углерода в концентрации от 20 до 100 мг/л. (c) пропускают поток QCO2через твердый слой для получения выходящего потока обработанной воды QOUT. Твердый слой на стадии (c) содержит источник ионов магния в виде твердых частиц, имеющих предел растворимости в воде 10 г/л или менее при измерении при 20°C и 100 кПа. Источник ионов магния выбирают из одного или более из брусита, гидромагнезита или частично кальцинированного доломита, частицы имеют средневесовой размер в диапазоне от 0,5 до 1,5 мм, и время контакта на стадии (c) между потоком QCO2 и твердым слоем составляет по меньшей мере 0,1 мин и менее чем 5 мин. Технический результат ...

СПОСОБ ОБОГАЩЕНИЯ ВОДЫ КИСЛОРОДОМ ПОСРЕДСТВОМ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА, ВОДА ИЛИ НАПИТОК, ОБОГАЩЕННЫЕ КИСЛОРОДОМ, И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ

Изобретение относится к воде или напитку, обогащенным кислородом посредством электролитического процесса, и способу их получения. Способ обогащения воды кислородом посредством электролиза включает в себя следующие последовательные этапы: a) электролиз минерализованной, но освобожденной от ионов Clи Brводы, в электролизере (3), в котором анод и катод разделены газонепроницаемой мембраной, проницаемой для электрических зарядов; b) получение воды, обогащенной кислородом, из анодного отделения электролизера (3b); c) обратное введение воды, вышедшей из катодного отделения электролизера (3a) и освобожденной от водорода, в воду, обогащенную кислородом, полученную на этапе (b); d) упаковывание (5) воды, полученной на этапе (c). Технический результат - получение воды или напитка, в котором кислород является биологически доступным. 4 н. и 7 з.п. ф-лы, 9 ил., 7 табл., 4 пр.

СПОСОБ СОКРАЩЕНИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ В ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ОБОРУДОВАНИИ

... 1. Способ сокращения образования осадков загрязняющих веществ и/или отложений в технологическом оборудовании, содержащем текучие среды, включающий приложение электрического потенциала постоянного тока к стенке трубы или трубопровода, чтобы исключить электрическую составляющую коэффициента трения, причем приложенный электрический потенциал постоянного тока регулируют с помощью блока регулировки, который снабжают информацией об измеренных параметрах текучей среды, отличающийся тем, что приложенный потенциал постоянного тока имеет значение равное по величине и противоположное по знаку потенциалу, естественным путем возникающему в потоке текучей среды из-за возникновения электрических зарядов на стенке трубы или трубопровода в результате взаимодействия текущей среды и материала стенки. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что блок регулировки снабжают информацией об измеренных параметрах входящего потока текучей среды в той части трубы или трубопровода, на которую действует поле постоянного ...

СПОСОБ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОДВОДНОГО РАЗЛОЖЕНИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОГО СОДЕРЖИМОГО ЭЛЕКТРОПРОВОДНЫХ ВОДНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ ОТХОДОВ

... 1. Способ для подводного разложения органического содержимого водных растворов отходов, заключающийся в том, что измеряют и, при необходимости, изменяют путем добавления раствора для предварительной обработки значения рН и электропроводности раствора, поддерживают оптимальное значение рН и/или электропроводности во время процесса, и осуществляют полное или частичное разложение органического содержимого раствора, отличающийся тем, что погружают в раствор электроды, формируют и поддерживают между электродами и проводящим электричество раствором электродуговой разряд путем приложения электрического тока с плотностью тока по меньшей мере 0,5 А/см2, при напряжении по меньшей мере 70 В, и приложения симметричного переменного тока частотой по меньшей мере 10 Гц, при этом осуществляют разложение органического содержимого раствора на воду, двуокись углерода и азот. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что используют гидроксид натрия в качестве раствора для предварительной обработки для изменения ...

НАСТРОЙКА СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РАБОТОЙ АППАРАТА ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ТЕКУЧЕЙ СРЕДЫ

... 1. Способ адаптации системы (7; 26; 95) для управления работой аппарата для обработки текучей среды, включающегопо меньшей мере один первый путь текучей среды и по меньшей мере один второй путь текучей среды, причемкаждый первый путь текучей среды проходит через элемент (4; 34; 96) для обработки текучей среды с целью удаления по меньшей мере до некоторой степени по меньшей мере одного компонента из текучей среды, пропускаемой через элемент (4; 34; 96) для обработки текучей среды,каждый второй путь текучей среды обходит по меньшей мере один из элементов (4; 34; 96) для обработки текучей среды, так что по меньшей мере один компонент, удаляемый элементом (4; 34; 96) для обработки текучей среды, остается в текучей среде, пропускаемой по второму пути текучей среды, в некоторой более высокой степени, чем в текучей среде, пропускаемой через первый поток текучей среды; а устройство для обработки текучей среды дополнительно включает место (5; 35; 97) смешивания, где первый и второй пути текучей ...

СПОСОБ И АППАРАТ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВРЕМЕННОЙ ЖЕСТКОСТИ ВОДЫ

... 1. Способ определения меры концентрации компонентов, удаляемых из текучей среды с помощью элемента (3; 45) для обработки текучей среды устройства (3; 43) для обработки текучей среды, включающий приведение в действие аппарата для обработки текучей среды, который имеет в своем составе:вход (1; 39) для необработанной текучей среды;точку разветвления между входом (1; 39) и по меньшей мере одним первым путем текучей среды и по меньшей мере одним вторым путем текучей среды, причемкаждый первый путь текучей среды включает по меньшей мере один элемент (3; 45) для обработки текучей среды, предназначенный для удаления, по меньшей мере до некоторой степени, по меньшей мере некоторых типов компонентов, содержащихся в текучей среде, пропускаемой через элемент (3; 45) для обработки текучей среды,каждый второй путь текучей среды идет в обход по меньшей мере одного из элементов (3; 45) для обработки текучей среды, при этом вторые пути текучей среды при работе пропускают фракцию смешивания между нулем и ...

СПОСОБ И ИНТЕГРАЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ВОДЫ ДЛЯ ОХЛАЖДАЮЩИХ БАШЕН И ПРОЦЕССОВ, ТРЕБУЮЩИХ УДАЛЕНИЯ КРЕМНИЯ ИЗ ВОДЫ

... 1. Интегральная система для обработки воды для охлаждающих башен и других процессов, таких как ослабление обратного осмоса, регенерация анионных элементов систем деминерализации, авиационной голубой воды и сточных вод, где загрязнения, такие как кремниевая, кальциевая и магниевая общая жесткость, взвешенные твердые частицы, органические вещества, микроорганизмы, тяжелые металлы, красители, детергенты и ртуть уменьшены и/или удалены, с получением качества воды, позволяющего ее повторно использовать для некоторых отраслей промышленности, полупромышленных и бытовых процессов, экономя воду и химические продукты, технологической инновацией в предложенной системе является то, что она обеспечивает удаление кремния на 100% и уменьшение концентрации кальциевых и магниевых солей жесткости, которые вызывают образование накипи, она также обеспечивает удаление взвешенных твердых частиц в обрабатываемой воде, образуя шлам, который удаляется с помощью системы разделения твердых частиц или системой фильтрации ...

ВОДОУМЯГЧИТЕЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ВОДОУМЯГЧИТЕЛЬНОГО УСТРОЙСТВА

Группа изобретений относится к водоумягчительному устройству и способу эксплуатации водоумягчительного устройства. Водоумягчительное устройство (100; 200) содержит фильтр (101; 201), выполненный с возможностью устранения жесткости из первого потока необработанной воды с получением второго потока умягченной воды. Фильтр (101; 201) содержит ионообменный (IEX; от англ.: ion exchange) материал, который насыщен катионом первого типа, происходящим из индикаторной соли, и катионом второго типа, происходящим из регенерирующей соли. IEX материал демонстрирует меньшее сродство к первому катиону, чем к ионам жесткости. В то же время IEX материал демонстрирует большее сродство к первому катиону, чем ко второму катиону. Катион первого типа и катион второго типа отличаются по значениям ионной молярной электропроводности. Электрический параметр второго потока мониторится датчиком (112; 212). Изменение электрического параметра используется в качестве индикатора состояния истощения фильтра (101; 201). Технический ...

ПРЕРЫВАНИЕ ОЦЕНКИ ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫХ ВЕЛИЧИН В АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ВОДОУМЯГЧИТЕЛЬНОЙ УСТАНОВКЕ ПРИ НАЛИЧИИ ЗАДАННЫХ РАБОЧИХ СИТУАЦИЙ

... 1. Способ работы водоумягчительной установки (1), содержащей ! - автоматически регулируемое смесительное устройство для смешивания потока V(t)verschnitt смешанной воды из первого умягченного частичного потока V(t)teil1weich и второго, содержащего исходную воду частичного потока V(t)teil2roh, и ! - электронное управляющее устройство (11), ! при этом управляющее устройство (11) подстраивает с помощью одной или нескольких, определенных экспериментально моментальных измерительных, величин положение регулирования смесительного устройства так, что жесткость воды смешанного потока V(t)verschnitt устанавливается на заданное номинальное значение (SW), отличающийся тем, что управляющее устройство (11), в одной или нескольких заданных рабочих ситуациях водоумягчительной установки, игнорирует по меньшей мере одну из одной или нескольких моментальных измерительных величин для подстройки положения регулирования смесительного устройства, и вместо этого исходит из последней значащей соответствующей измерительной ...

ОПТИМИЗИРОВАННЫЙ СПОСОБ ОБРАБОТКИ ОТХОДОВ ПУТЕМ ГИДРОТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ

... 1. Способ гидротермического окисления органических соединений, содержащихся в сточных водах, возможно с неорганическими окисляемыми соединениями, в котором указанные сточные воды инжектируют в трубчатый реактор, где сточные воды подвергают сверхдавлению и где температура потока постепенно повышается от своей первоначальной температуры до сверхкритической температуры, обозначенной T, без промежуточного понижения температуры во время повышения до T, путем введения в указанный трубчатый реактор окислителя в количестве, достаточном для полного окисления органических соединений и возможно для по меньшей мере частичного окисления окисляемых неорганических соединений, при этом окислитель вводится по частям в нескольких точках, расположенных по направлению к нижней части реактора, отличающийся тем, что состав и/или концентрация органических и/или неорганических окисляемых соединений в сточных водах, подлежащих обработке, изменяется со временем и тем, что в верхней части трубчатого реактора, где ...

ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО И УСТРОЙСТВО ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ПРОВОДИМОСТИ ДЛЯ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ КОЛИЧЕСТВА ПРОТЕКАЮЩЕЙ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИ ПРОВОДЯЩЕЙ ЖИДКОСТИ, ИЗМЕРИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЭЛЕМЕНТ И СПОСОБ

... 1. Измерительное устройство (10) для определения количества V(z) протекающей через емкость (5) электрически проводящей жидкости с проводимостью LF при изменяющихся в вертикальном направлении (z-направление) уровнях заполнения с емкостью (5), имеющей донную часть (6b) и приемное и сливное отверстия (7а, b), и с устройством (10а) для измерения проводимости, включающее следующие компоненты: источник напряжения, устройство (12) обработки результатов и, по меньшей мере, один измерительный элемент (20), который расположен в емкости (5) и присоединен к устройству (12) обработки результатов и который имеет, по меньшей мере, два проходящих в z-направлении электрода (30а, b), расположенных перпендикулярно z-направлению на расстоянии друг от друга, причем zmax обозначает расстояние от нижнего первого конца (31) электрода (z=0) до верхнего второго конца электрода (32), отличающееся тем, что устройство (10а) для измерения проводимости во временном интервале ti-ti-1 при i=1…n предоставляет измеренные ...

СИСТЕМА ВВЕДЕНИЯ СУСПЕНЗИИ МИКРОИЗМЕЛЬЧЕННОГО СаСОДЛЯ РЕМИНЕРАЛИЗАЦИИ ДЕМИНЕРАЛИЗОВАННОЙ ВОДЫ И ПРЕСНОЙ ВОДЫ

... 1. Способ реминерализации воды, включающий следующие стадии:а) обеспечение подаваемой воды с концентрацией диоксида углерода, по меньшей мере, 20 мг/л, предпочтительно, в диапазоне от 25 до 100 мг/л, более предпочтительно, в диапазоне от 30 до 60 мг/л,b) обеспечение водной суспензии, содержащей микроизмельченный карбонат кальция, при этом карбонат кальция характеризуется размером частиц от 0,5 до 50 мкм, ис) объединение подаваемой воды стадии а) и водной суспензии стадии b) с целью получения реминерализованной воды.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором концентрация карбоната кальция в суспензии составляет от 0,05 до 40% вес., от 1 до 25 % вес., от 2 до 20% вес., предпочтительно, от 3 до 15% вес., наиболее предпочтительно, от 5 до 10% вес. относительно общего веса суспензии; или концентрация карбоната кальция в суспензии составляет от 10 до 40% вес., от 15 до 30% вес. или от 20 до 25% вес. относительно общего веса суспензии.3. Способ по п. 1 или 2, в котором карбонат кальция характеризуется размером ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur plasmainduzierten Wasserreinigung

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von mit mindestens einem Abwasserinhaltsstoff belastetem Wasser, wobei der Abwasserinhaltsstoff mindestens eine Verbindung mit einer Bindungsenergie aufweist, die geringer ist als die Bindungsenergie einer einfachen Wasserstoff-Sauerstoffbindung, umfassend die Schritte: - Bereitstellen des belasteten Wassers mit einer vorbestimmten Füllhöhe in einem ungeerdeten Wasserreservoir innerhalb eines Reaktionsraumes; - Beaufschlagen genau einer in einem vorbestimmten Abstand über der Füllhöhe des Wasserreservoirs angeordneten flächig ausgebildeten, gekühlten Plasmaelektrode mit einer hochfrequenten Wechselspannung bei Atmosphärendruck, derart, dass sich im Hochfrequenzfeld zwischen der Plasmaelektrode und einer Oberfläche des Wassers ein Plasma ausbildet, dessen Energieeintrag ausreichend ist, dass Verbindungen mit einer Bindungsenergie, die kleiner oder gleich derjenigen der einfachen Wasserstoff-Sauerstoffbindung ist, dissoziiert werden;- Erfassen ...

Vorrichtung zur Wasserenthärtung

Transportable Wasserreinigungsvorrichtung

Transportable Wasserreinigungsvorrichtung, das als Einzelstandgerät für den Haushalt, mit einer Filtund Verunreinigungen mindestens bis zu einer Größe von Bakterien aufzuhalten ausgestattet ist und wobei das zu reinigende Wasser mittels einer elektrisch betriebenen Membranpumpe aus einem Behälter (Reservoir), der im Bodenteil des Standgerätes angeordnet ist, angesaugt und mit mindestens einem bar durch die Filtereinrichtung gedrückt wird und das gereinigte Wasser (Permeat) in einem Behälter aufgefangen wird und der andere Teil des Wassers (Konzentrat) zurückgeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bodenteil (1) des Standgerätes als Reservoir ein schubladenartiger, herausziehbarer Behälter (7) angeordnet ist, der dazu dient sowohl das zu reinigende Wasser als auch das zurückzuführende Konzentrat aufzunehmen und der Membranpumpenantrieb bei Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Druckes in der Zuführungsleitung und/oder beim Anstieg der Leitfähigkeit des der Filtereinrichtung (15) zugeführten ...

Method for controlling sulphate concentration in water courses by measuring the electric conductivity of the sulphate rich water to determine the drain rate into surface water

A method for controlling the sulphate concentration in surface water, especially in rivers, uses monitoring systems to measure the electric conductivity of the sulphate rich water in the source water as well as in the ground water. This enables an automated control to limit the rate of discharge into ground water, keeping the ground water within preset limits. The system also includes a warning procedure if the preset sulphate limits are exceeded.

Vorrichtung und System zum Konditionieren von Wasser für wasserführende Kreislaufsysteme

Die Erfindung betriff eine Vorrichtung zum Konditionieren von Wasser zum Befüllen von wasserführenden Kreislaufsystemen mit wenigstens einem Zuleitungsanschluss (11) für das Befüllwasser, und einem Ableitungsanschluss (27) für das konditionierte Kreislaufwasser, einem Element (14) zur Einstellung der Leitfähigkeit des konditionierten Kreislaufwassers, und einem Steuerelement (28), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (10) so ausgeführt ist, dass ein Teilvolumenstrom des eingeleiteten Befüllwassers am Element (14) zur Einstellung der Leitfähigkeit vorbeiführbar ist, und mit dem in dem Element (14) zur Einstellung der Leitfähigkeit konditionierten Wasser verschneidbar ist, und dass der Teilvolumenstrom einstellbar ist.

Verfahren und Anordnung zur Aufbereitung von Abwassern in Flugzeugen

Method and apparatus for the electrochemical processing of aqueous salt solutions

Method and system for providing purified water

Improved process for treatment of minewater

Water treatment systems,devices and methods for fluid preparation

Water treatment system

Electrochemical treatment of an aqueous solution

In electrochemical treatment of an aqueous solution in an electrolytic cell output solution having a predetermined level of available free chlorine is produced by applying a substantially constant current across the cell between an anode and a cathode while passing a substantially constant throughput of chloride ions through the cell. In a modification the method is characterised by i) supplying an aqueous salt solutions t anode and cathode chambers by way of respective input lines, the cathode chamber input line being provided with a flow regulator ; ii) causing a substantially constant current to flow between the node and the cathode ; and iii) recirculating a proportion of the solution output from the cathode chamber t the anode chamber. Also disclosed is a method of mixing miscible liquids comprising dispensing one liquid from a pulsed source into another liquid supplied as a continuous stream through a plurality of apertures along the flow path to produce a flow of uniformly mixed ...

Fermentation system methods and apparatus

Reducing fouling in process equipment

Apparatus 1 and method for reducing fouling in process equipment containing flowing fluids, by imposing a direct electric potential on the wall of a pipe to remove the electric contribution of the friction factor. The imposed electric potential is constantly regulated by a regulating unit which is fed with information of measured fluid properties. The imposed electric potential has the same strength but opposed polarity as the potential naturally occurring due to the build of electrical charges on the wall from the interaction between the flowing fluid and the wall material. Preferably, the apparatus 1 is connected at three points 4, 7, 9 to a shell and tube heat exchanger 2 where fluids 3, 5, 6, 8 flowing in single or multiphase show an improved flow rate caused by a lower foulant deposition rate.

Water purification

Improved process for treatment of minewater

A process for the treatment of mine water comprises dosing and adjusting the pH of the mine water to allow the precipitation of contaminants, and employs a siphon 1 and an aeration tank 7 which lacks physical mixing means. Ideally, the aeration tank comprises a bubble diffuser and media 17 to enable microbial growth, and is heated. Ideally, the system is sealed and pumps are used to prime the system such that the siphon or natural static head transfers the water from a source to a junction tank 3. Preferably, water and sludge are mixed 2 before being transferred to a junction tank. Water is pumped from the junction tank to an aeration tank and returned back to the junction tank wherein during the transfer additives 18 are added to the water. The treated mixture is transferred from the junction tank to hydrocyclones 11 for separating the solids from the water. The water is discharged and the separated solids are dewatered and either discharged or recycled back into the process. A mine water ...

Producing electrolyzed water by controlling its temperature

In the production of electrolyzed water by applying a voltage to electrodes 3a,3b disposed in electrolyte cell 1 containing pure water having electrolyte therein the temperature of the water is controlled to 15-100{C. Anodic water and cathodic water are introduced into cells 6a,6b respectively to treat wafers therein, the used waters being then mixed in reservoir 7 before regeneration to pure water for recycle to cell 1.

Water treatment

Localized disinfection system for large water bodies

Localized disinfection system for large water bodies

Method of removing organic impurities from water

Electrochemical cell assembly and method for operation of the same

A device for producing ozonated water from a reservoir of water provided, the apparatus comprising an electrochemical cell to electrolyse water to produce ozone and having a first and second electrode assembly; an electrical supply for providing an electrical energy source to the electrochemical cell; a conductivity sensor for determining the conductivity of fluid in the region of the electrode assemblies of the cell; a processor for receiving an indication of fluid conductivity from the conductivity sensor and determining if the conductivity of the fluid in the region of the electrode assemblies is above a threshold value and, if the conductivity is above the threshold value, activating the electrochemical cell. A method of use is also provided. The electrical supply may be a battery, cable, or solar panel or array. The electrodes can be formed of a diamond material with a conductive coating.

Compact containerized system and method for spray evaporation of water

A wastewater evaporation system for spray evaporating water comprising: a wastewater feed inlet; a pump, wherein an outlet of the wastewater inlet is fluidly connected to the pump and wherein the pump is fluidly connected a manifold; a drip orifice, wherein the manifold is fluidly connected to the drip orifice; a container, wherein an upper portion of the container is enclosed with a demister element; a packing and/or tray system disposed within the container, wherein the drip orifice discharges water droplets onto the packing and/or tray system; a discharge outlet, wherein a bottom of the container is fluidly connected to the discharge outlet; and an air system wherein the air system discharges air flow counter to the water droplets from the drip orifice. A method of spray evaporating water while limiting emission of particles regulated as pollutants is also disclosed.

Computerized control system for a desalination plant

Compact containerized system and method for spray evaporation of water

Apparatus and method for providing purified water

A method of treating potable mains feed water to provide a purified water stream of conductivity <20μS/cm, comprises the steps of: (a) providing the mains feed water 22 into a first storage tank 12; (b) circulating the feed water in the first storage tank through a first purification recirculation loop including a first capacitive deionisation module 18 in a charging mode to provide a first purified water stream having a conductivity less than the feed water; and (c) circulating the first purified water stream through a second purification recirculation loop including a second capacitive deionisation module 20 in a charging mode to provide a second purified water stream having a conductivity less than the first purified water stream. Preferably, water is provided to a second storage tank 14, which can be: (i) circulated through a first concentration recirculation loop including the first capacitive deionisation module in a discharging mode to provide a first concentrate water stream, and ...

Localized disinfection system for large water bodies

Apparatus and method for water treatment mainly bysubstitution using a dynamic electric field

A process for treating water.

A process for treating sulphide-containing water includes maintaining a steep redox potential gradient in an interface zone of the sulphide-containing water. The water is exposed to an oxygen-containing environment, and the interface zone is located immediately below the surface of the water. Sulphide in the water is biologically oxidized, in the interface zone, to sulphur. The sulphur may be removed by settling, thereby achieving a final removal of sulphur compounds.

Removal of cyanide from aqueous streams

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REDUCING THE HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND PERACETIC ACID CONTENT IN A WATER FLOW

Removal of cyanide from aqueous streams

Treatment of water

Versatile water purification systems and methods.

Localized disinfection system for large water bodies

Apparatus and method for water treatment mainly bysubstitution using a dynamic electric field

Method and integral system for treating water for cooling towers and processes requiring removal of silica from the water

Device and method for reducing the hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid content in a water flow

Apparatus and method for water treatment mainly bysubstitution using a dynamic electric field

Treatment of water

Device and method for reducing the hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid content in a water flow

Method and integral system for treating water for cooling towers and processes requiring removal of silica from the water

Removal of cyanide from aqueous streams

Device and method for reducing the hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid content in a water flow

Treatment of water

Versatile water purification systems and methods.

Method and integral system for treating water for cooling towers and processes requiring removal of silica from the water

Removal of cyanide from aqueous streams

Pasteurization system with ion exchange apparatus and method for operating a pasteurization plant

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Pasteurisierungsanlage sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Pasteurisierungsanlage. Im Betrieb der Pasteurisierungsanlage wird eine temperierte Behandlungsflüssigkeit in einer oder mehreren Behandlungszone( n) auf mit Lebensmitteln befüllte Behältnisse appliziert. Zumindest ein Teil der Behandlungsflüssigkeit wird zur Wiederverwendung in mindestens einem Umlaufkreislauf wieder die Behandlungszone(n) zurückgeführt. Hierbei wird zumindest eine Teilmenge eines pro Zeiteinheit über den mindestens einen Umlaufkreislauf geführten Volumenstromes der Behandlungsflüssigkeit zur Bildung wenigstens eines Teilstromes abgezweigt, durch wenigstens eine Reinigungsvorrichtung geführt, und anschließend wieder in einen Umlaufkreislauf oder eine Behandlungszone zurückgeleitet. Die wenigstens eine Reinigungsvorrichtung umfasst eine Membranfiltrationsvorrichtung und eine Ionenaustauschvorrichtung.

VERFAHREN UND VORRICHTUNG ZUR REGELUNG ODER STEUERUNG DES EINSATZES VON BETRIEBSMITTELN IN FLÜSSIGKEITEN

Steuerungseinrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Entmineralisierungseinrichtung

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Steuerungseinrichtung (10) mit einer angeschlossenen Eingabeeinheit (11) zur Steuerung einer Vorrichtung zum Einstellen des pH-Wertes und zur gleichzeitigen Entmineralisierung des Heizungswassers einer Heizungsanlage mittels einer Entmineralisierungseinrichtung (20). Dabei ist es vorgesehen, dass die Steuerungseinrichtung (10) eine Verarbeitungseinrichtung (13) aufweist, von der über die Eingabeeinheit (11) eingegebene Materialdaten, welche die Materialeigenschaft zumindest eines Teils des Leitungssystems des Heizungskreislaufs bezeichnen, alleine oder in Verbindung mit ergänzenden Daten derart umsetzbar sind, dass eine zweite Ziel-Leitfähigkeit für das Heizungswasser nach dem Ionentauscher (27) gebildet wird. Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin ein entsprechendes Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Entmineralisierungseinrichtung (20). Die Steuerungseinrichtung (10) und das Verfahren ermöglichen die Entmineralisierung und die Einstellung des pH-Wertes des Heizungswassers ...

ANLAGE ZUR ERZEUGUNG EINES DESINFEKTIONSMITTELS MIT EINEM ELEKTROLYSEMODUL

Anlage zur Erzeugung eines Desinfektionsmittels und zur Entkeimung von Wasser und/oder wässrigen Lösungen, die einen Solebehälter (4) mit einer Kochsalzlösung hat, der mit einem Elektrolysemodul (EM) zur Erzeugung gespaltenen Wassers, welches als Desinfektionsmittel wirksam ist, verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Solebehälter (4) und das Elektrolysemodul (EM) über eine Leitung (3) von einer Wasseraufbereitungsanlage (WAA) entmineralisiertes Wasser erhält Geregelt wird der Produktionsvorgang von einer Zentralen Steuereinheit (ZS).

DEVICE TO THE DELIVERY OF TO THE USE CERTAIN MINERAL WATER

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL CELL AND ELECTRO-CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF CONTAMINATED WATER

System for electro-chemically inhibiting biological growth in air treatment units

Systems and methods for inhibiting growth of fungi and other organisms in air treatment systems such as air conditioners, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, and air washers. A pair of electrodes are brought into contact with liquid collected by a collection subsystem of the air treatment system. One of the electrodes includes a bio-inhibiting conductor. Electrical current is caused to pass between the electrodes, causing the bio- inhibiting conductor to be released into the collected liquid.

Method for managing urban wastewater based on indications on pollutants

Apparatus and method for removal of ions from a porous electrode that is part of a deionization system

Device and method for reducing the hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid content in a water flow

The invention relates to a device comprising a measuring device for determining the flow rate of a water flow, a measuring device for determining the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the water flow, a measuring device for determining the concentration of peracetic acid in the water flow, a metering device for metering a reducing agent into the water flow downstream of the measuring devices for the concentrations, and a control device which calculates a reducing agent quantity from the flow rate of the water flow, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the water flow, and the concentration of peracetic acid in the water flow in order to reduce the hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid content to a desired value and which controls the metering device in order to meter the reducing agent. The device allows a reliable reduction of the hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid content in a water flow. The device is suitable for reducing the hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid content in a ...

Cooling water scale and corrosion inhibition

Improved aqueous phase oxidation process

An improved oxidization process may be used to oxidize a wide variety of feedstocks.Oxidation takes place in a reactor where the feedstock is mixed with an oxidizing acid, such as nitric acid. The reaction mixture may also include a secondary oxidizing acid such as sulfuric acid as well as water and/or dissolved and mechanically mixed oxygen gas. The reactor may be maintained at an elevated pressure such as at least approximately 2070 kPa or desirably at least approximately 2800 kPa. The temperature of the reaction mixture may be maintained at no more than 210°C, In the various embodiments described herein, the process may include: combining recycled effluent from the reactor with the feedstock, combining one or more oxidizing acids with the feedstock, comminuting the feedstock to reduce the size of the particles, feeding the feedstock into the high pressure reactor at an approximately constant feed rate, dispersing oxygen gas from the headspace of the reactor into the reaction mixture, ...

RECYCLED IRRIGATION WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM

A system and method for treating water systems with high voltage discharge and ozone

A system and method for treating flowing water systems with a plasma discharge to remove or control growth of microbiological species. Components of the water system are protected from being damaged by excess energy from the electrohydraulic treatment. Ozone gas generated by a high voltage generator that powers the plasma discharge is recycled to further treat the water. A gas infusion system may be used to create fine bubbles of ozone, air, or other gases in the water being treated to aid in plasma generation, particularly when the conductivity of the water is high. An electrode mounting assembly maintains a high voltage electrode and ground electrode at a fixed distance from each other to optimize plasma generation. An open support structure for the high voltage generator circuit physically separates spark gap electrodes and resists metal deposits that may disrupt discharge of a high voltage pulse to create the plasma.

Electrodesalination system and method

Systems and methods for the desalination of seawater or brackish water for the purpose of obtaining potable water. Systems may include a combination of electrodialysis and electrodeionization modules. The system configuration and process controls may achieve low energy consumption and stable operation.

Desalination system

There is provided a desalination system capable of monitoring a situation of a semipermeable membrane element in real time. 5 A desalination system 15 includes a plurality of semipermeable membrane elements 10 accommodated in series in apressurevessel1 2 , afirst intakeport 22 for intake of filtrate water from an upstream semipermeable membrane element 10in the pressurevessel 12, asecondintakeport26 for intake of filtrate 10 water from a downstream semipermeable membrane element 10 in the pressure vessel 12, and a supervisory controller 18 that outputs an index correlated with fouling on the semipermeable membrane element 10 based on at least one of first water quantity 46, first water quality 48, secondwater quantity 52, and second 15 water quality 54, the first water quantity46 and first water quality 48 being quantity and quality of the filtrate water from the first intake port 22 , and the second water quantity 52 and second water quality 54 being quantity and quality of the filtrate ...

Controlling a fluid treatment system

A fluid treatment system includes an apparatus (1) provided with an inlet (3) for receiving a fluid to be treated, an outlet (4) for providing at least partially treated fluid and an interface for receiving a replaceable fluid treatment cartridge (2) including at least one fluid treatment part (10, 11) for treating fluid led through the fluid treatment part (10). A method of controlling the fluid treatment system includes obtaining a target value as input. A fraction of fluid led through at least a certain one (10) of the at least one fluid treatment parts (10, 11) in a mix of fluid further including fluid led from the inlet (3) to the outlet (4) so as to bypass at least the certain fluid treatment part (10) is caused to be adjusted. The step (26) of obtaining a target value as input includes obtaining data from a machine-readable tag (23) with which the cartridge (2) is provided.

Heat pump-type hot-water supply device

Systems and methods for use of water with switchable ionic strength

Methods and systems for use of switchable water, which is capable of reversibly switching between an initial ionic strength and an increased ionic strength, is described. The disclosed methods and systems can be used, for example, in distillation-free removal of water from solvents, solutes, or solutions, desalination, clay settling, viscosity switching, etc. Switching from lower to higher ionic strength is readily achieved using low energy methods such as bubbling with C0 ...

Treatment of raw brines from desalination plants

A method for treatment of raw brines from desalination plants (6) having a total salt content greater than 60 g/l, wherein, inter alia, a magnesium ion-containing solution having a magnesium ion content greater than 1 g/l at a temperature between 75°C and 100°C is passed through a first vertical column (42) containing a bed packing of zeolite A (84) with a flow direction from top to bottom and the raw brine that is to be treated is passed at a temperature of 30°C to 45°C through this packed first column (42) in the direction of flow from top to bottom until the calcium ion concentration of the eluate leaving the first column (42) indicates a breakthrough of calcium ions through the bed of zeolite A (44).

Method and apparatus for monitoring fluid properties relating to medical device's cleanliness

Embodiments of the present disclosure include methods and apparatuses for monitoring fluid properties relating to a medical device's cleanliness. In embodiments, an apparatus for monitoring the fluid properties relating to a medical device's cleanliness comprises at least one sensor that measures a pre-cleaning parameters of a cleaning fluid and a post-cleaning parameters of the cleaning fluid, a cleaning chamber coupled to the at least one sensor, the cleaning chamber configured to receive the medical device and clean the medical device using the cleaning fluid, and a processing device coupled to the at least one sensor. The processing device is configured to: determine a cleanliness of the medical device based on a comparison between the post-cleaning parameters and the pre-cleaning parameters; and output the cleanliness of the medical device to a display device.

Fluid treatment system employing electrically reconfigurable electrode arrangement

METHOD OF DETERMINATION OF THE CONDITIONS OF EXHAUSTION OF A FILTERING CARTRIDGE FOR FILTERING CARAFES WITH REPLACEABLE CARTRIDGE AND CARAFE OPERATING IN COMPLIANCE WITH SUCH METHOD

A method of determination of the conditions of exhaustion of a filtering cartridge for filtering carafes (1) with replaceable cartridges (8) is described, in which an initial identification of impedance of the water to be filtered is provided for in order to consequently calculate an important parameter for definition of the efficient lifespan on the filtering cartridge (8) . Furthermore a carafe operating in compliance with such method is also described.

DEVICE FOR DISINFECTING WATER BY MEANS OF ANODIC OXIDATION

The invention relates to a device for disinfecting water by means of anodic oxidation, wherein a reservoir (10) is provided for disinfected water, wherein a feed line (15) leads from the water to be disinfected into the reservoir (10), wherein a reactor (4) for the anodic reaction of the water is arranged in the feed line (15), wherein the reservoir (10) has a redox sensor (5) for measuring the redox potential, wherein the water feed from the feed line (15) into the reservoir (10) is intermittent.

TWIN TANK WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM AND METHOD

Embodiments of the invention provide a twin tank water treatment system and method. The water treatment system includes first tank with a first set of sensors and a first resin bed, a second tank with a second set of sensors and a second resin bed, and a valve assembly with a flow meter and a controller in communication with the first set of sensors, the second set of sensors, and the flow meter. The method includes determining when the resin beds are exhausted based on input from the flow meter, the sensors, and a water hardness setting.

DEVICE FOR COMPLETE DESALINATION OF WATER

WATER TREATMENT

Apparatus and a method tor the treatment of water includes a vessel (6) having a water inlet (31) and a water outlet (28a, 28b) and means for feeding water to the vessel via the water Inlet. The vessel contains a body of water and a solid particulate or granular material comprising one or more elementary metals or oxides thereof capable of raising the pH of the water. Located within the vessel and connected to the water inlet, is means (32) for causing circulatory motion of water entering the vessel sufficient to suspend the solid material within the body of water during passage of water through the vessel, whereby the pH of the water is caused to He within the range 7 to 11.

HUMIDIFIER WITH AUTOMATIC DRAIN INTERVAL DETERMINATION

With respect to atmospheric steam generating humidifiers, the present disclosure resolves the problem of end-users not adjusting the drain interval of the humidifier by using an electronic controller to automatically choose an appropriate drain interval without requiring any user input. The electronic controller accomplishes this by receiving input data from a sensor that measures a water quality parameter, automatically determining a drain interval based on the received data, and sending an output control signal to a drain water control valve to execute a drain event in accordance with the drain interval. In some examples, the electronic controller utilizes a look-up table correlating the water quality parameter to a total dissolved solids or cycles of concentration value.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR TREATING PHOSPHOGYPSUM-CONTAINING WATER

Methods for treating phosphogypsum-containing water are disclosed. The water may be treated so as to promote precipitation of one or more target constituents and to facilitate downstream membrane treatment. A coagulant may be added to promote phosphate recovery. Related systems are also disclosed.

A MODULAR FILTRATION PLATFORM

A modular filtration platform having at least one manifold head and at least one respective filter cartridge assembly. Each manifold head is connected to one another to establish a water flow in a series or parallel manner. Each filter cartridge assembly is releasably secured from rotation relative to the manifold head by a locking mechanism. An aperture on the filter cartridge assembly annular collar mates with a protruding resilient extension on either the manifold head or support bracket. Alternatively, an aperture on the filter cartridge assembly annular collar and an aperture on the manifold head annular collar mate with a protruding member from a locking ring extending through both apertures. An integrated sensor package may be integrated with the system for true managed water visible/audible indications and Wi-Fi interface to facilitate virtually instantaneous response times for filtration needs.

PREDICTIVE TOOL FOR MONITORING RO AND NF MEMBRANES

A predictive system for monitoring fouling of membranes of a desalination or water softening plant comprising ultrafiltration (UF) membranes, reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, and/or nanofiltration (NF) membranes, the system including one or more UF skids comprising a plurality of UF units, each UF unit containing therein a plurality of UF membranes; one or more RO/NF skids comprising one or more RO/NF arrays, wherein each of the one or more RO/NF arrays comprises a plurality of RO units, with each RO unit containing therein a plurality of RO membranes, a plurality of NF units, with each NF unit containing therein a plurality of NF membranes; or a combination thereof; UF sensors and/or RO/NF sensors; and a controller comprising a processor in signal communication with the UF sensors and/or the RO/NF sensors.

WATER TREATMENT

... ²²²An apparatus for the biological treatment of saltwater-based domestic ²wastewater, the apparatus having an inlet for the introduction of the ²saltwater-based domestic wastewater, an outlet for the removal of treated ²wastewater, means for monitoring the salinity level of the saltwater-based ²domestic wastewater entering or within the apparatus and means for controlling ²the salinity level of the saltwater-based domestic wastewater entering or ²within the apparatus such that fluctuations in the salinity level of the ²saltwater-based domestic wastewater are reduced and the biological treatment ²of the saltwater-based domestic wastewater is thereby maintained.² ...

METHOD FOR MONITORING ADVANCED SEPARATION AND/OR ION EXCHANGE PROCESSES

A method of monitoring advanced separation and/or ion exchange processes through the collection of localized data. The data is manipulated to generate preconfigured performance, maintenance, quality assurance, quality control, regulatory, cost reports, performance graphing and historical trends. The data is collected from sensors located at an equipment site and transferred to a remote located by use of the Internet, further all data received and used for generation of reports is also accessible by Internet connection.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR IRRIGATION

An electrically-driven separation apparatus can be utilized to desalinate seawater and/or brackish water to provide irrigation water having a desired sodium adsorption ratio (SAR).

CONDUCTIVITY SENSOR FOR AN ION EXCHANGE WATER SOFTENER

... ²²²A water treatment system includes a tank that contains a particle bed for ²removing minerals from water flowing through the tank. The regeneration of the ²particle bed is conducted in response to measuring its conductivity. A probe ²is provided for that measuring. That probe has a sleeve with a tubular portion ²for extending through and engaging a wall of the tank. A probe body is ²removably received within an aperture of the sleeve and includes a pair of ²electrodes that project inside the tack. A retainer that secures the probe ²body within the sleeve. Different mechanisms are provided for securing the ²sleeve to the tank depending upon the particular materials used to fabricate ²the tank.² ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR WATER TREATMENT TO ELIMINATE AQUATIC ORGANISMS BY AN ABRUPT PRESSURE REDUCTION

A method and apparatus for treating water such as ballast water in ships in order to eliminate aquatic organisms in the water. The water is led under pressure through a conduit into a chamber of greater cross-section than that of the conduit so that an abrupt reduction in pressure occurs. Cavitation ensues, leading to the release of dissolved gases. Ultrasonic vibration is generated and is applied to the water, exerting a pounding effect that weakens or destroys the organisms present. Other means may be used to generate further mechanical, electrical, and chemical forces in the water which attack the organisms.

Synergistic methods for odor control

An odor control composition may be dosed to a wastewater treatment system to control hydrogen sulfide levels. The composition may include a sulfide-reducing agent and an oxidizer. Synergy between the compounds of the odor control composition may facilitate efficient reduction of hydrogen sulfide levels. The sulfide-reducing agent and the oxidizer may be present in a single odor control composition or may be dosed to the system separately.

Method for removing carbon dioxide from ocean water and quantifying the carbon dioxide so removed

Disclosed herein are methods and systems for removing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from water and quantifying the carbon so removed, thus facilitating valuation of that carbon for schemes (e.g., Kyoto agreement) that attach financial rewards for capture, sequestration or removal of carbon or CO 2 .

Water treatment system

According to one embodiment, a water treatment system includes: a membrane separation device and a water softening device including a valve unit switching between a softening process in which soft water is obtained by passing raw water through a cation exchange resin bed downward and a regeneration process in which a whole of the cation exchange resin bed is regenerated by generating an opposite flow of a regenerant by supplying the regenerant from both sides of a top portion and a bottom portion of the cation exchange resin bed and collecting a liquid at an intermediate portion of the cation exchange resin bed, and a regenerant supply supplying the regenerant in a volume which gives a regeneration level of 1 to 6 eq/L-R, to a hardness leakage prevention region set in a predetermined depth on the bottom portion of the cation exchange resin bed, in the regeneration process.

Redox water treatment method

A redox water treatment method utilizing sulfurous acid to act as either an oxidizing or a reducing solution via pH adjustment for water conditioning

Method and system for disposal of brine solution

A reverse electrodialyzer has a plurality of concentrated compartments and diluted compartments arranged alternatively. The concentrated compartments and the diluted compartments are formed by successive alternatively arranged oppositely charged ion exchange membranes between two electrodes. A brine solution is fed into the concentrated compartments, and a diluted solution is into the diluted compartments, the salinity of the diluted solution being lower than the salinity of the brine solution. Ions from the brine solution in the concentrated compartments pass through the membranes to the diluted solution in the diluted compartments forming a diluted brine solution in the concentrated compartments. The brine solution is extracted from the concentrated compartments for disposal. An electrical energy is produced due to the concentration difference of the brine solution and the diluted solution.

Increasing ion sorption and desorption rates of conductive electrodes

An electrolyte system includes a reactor having a pair of electrodes that may sorb ions from an electrolyte. The electrolyte system also includes at least one power supply in electrical communication with the reactor. The at least one power supply may supply a DC signal and an AC signal to the pair of electrodes during sorption of the ions. In addition, the power supply may supply only the AC signal to the pair of electrodes during desorption of the ions.

Fresh Water Generating Apparatus and Fresh Water Generating Method

An object of the present invention is to provide a fresh water generating apparatus that is capable of efficiently producing fresh water according to an intended use, while utilizing wastewater. Provided is a fresh water generating apparatus equipped with a seawater-treating reverse osmosis membrane device that produces fresh water from seawater by a reverse osmosis membrane, which includes: a mixing section that mixes wastewater as dilution water with a portion of seawater to be subjected to membrane treatment to produce mixed water; a first seawater-treating reverse osmosis membrane device that acts as the seawater-treating reverse osmosis membrane device to filter the mixed water; and a second seawater-treating reverse osmosis membrane device that acts as the seawater-treating reverse osmosis membrane device to filter the remaining portion of the seawater to be subjected to membrane treatment, in an unmixed state with the dilution water.

Ion Removal Using a Capacitive Deionization System

Embodiments of the invention provide methods of removing ions from a feed water stream using a flow-through capacitor and a controller for performing the methods. A target value for a water property concentration or a fixed percent removal of a water property concentration to be removed is established for a treated water stream exiting the flow-through capacitor. A feed value for the water property concentration is measured in a feed water stream entering the flow-through capacitor. An amperage of the flow-through capacitor and a flow rate through the flow-through capacitor is controlled to remove ions from the feed water stream to achieve the desired removal of the water property.

Regeneration of a Capacitive Deionization System

Embodiments of the invention provide a method of regenerating a capacity of a flow-through capacitor. A target value for a water property concentration in a discharge water stream exiting the flow-through capacitor is established. A feed value for the water property concentration in a feed water stream entering the flow-through capacitor is measured. An amount of the water property concentration to be added to the feed water stream is calculated based on the feed value to achieve the target value for the water property concentration in the discharge water stream. An amperage of the flow-through capacitor and a flow rate through the flow-through capacitor is controlled to add ions to the feed water stream to achieve the target value for the water property concentration in the discharge water stream. In some embodiments, the amperage can be set and the flow rate controlled to achieve the target concentration.

Control Valve Assembly

Embodiments of the invention provide a control valve assembly and method of fault detection that includes adjusting a valve between an operating position and a fault position in response to various fault conditions. The control valve assembly is adjustable to accommodate fault conditions encountered in a variety of electrochemical deionization systems.

Large volume disposable ultrafiltration systems and methods

A disposable filtration system can include a disposable filter housing having an ultrafiltration filter contained therein. The disposable filtration system can further include a feed inlet and retentate outlet in fluid communication on one side of the filter and a permeate conduit on the other side of the filter for withdrawing permeate that passes through the filter. The system can include at least one disposable pressure control valve in fluid communication with either the retentate outlet or the permeate conduit and configured to regulate the pressure within the housing.

Separation membrane module

Provided is a separation membrane module including: a tubular pressure container 7 in which a raw liquid is filtered through a separation membrane to produce a permeate liquid; and an internal member 5 A provided in the pressure container 7. The internal member 5 A is equipped with a sensor for detecting characteristics of at least one of the raw liquid and the permeate liquid. A detected signal generated by the sensor is transmitted from an antenna 65. The internal member 5 A has an antenna holding portion 54 in which the antenna 65 is embedded. A gap between the antenna holding portion 54 and an inner peripheral surface 7 a of the pressure container 7 is sealed with a sealing member 42.

Twin tank water treatment method

Embodiments of the invention provide a twin tank water treatment system and method. The water treatment system includes first tank with a first set of sensors and a first resin bed, a second tank with a second set of sensors and a second resin bed, and a valve assembly with a flow meter and a controller in communication with the first set of sensors, the second set of sensors, and the flow meter. The method includes determining when the resin beds are exhausted based on input from the flow meter, the sensors, and a water hardness setting.

Arrangement for generation and treatment of water, method for generation and treatment of water and aircraft with such an arrangement

An arrangement for generating and treating water is provided. The arrangement includes a fuel cell with a water-generating system, a salination unit for the salination of water, a state measuring device for acquiring an operating state of the salination unit, a water-receiving reservoir for receiving water, a water-quality measuring device for measuring the water quality of the water whose salt content has been increased, and a control unit. The salination unit is designed to add a basic salt to water so that apart from the salt content, an excessively acidic pH-value of the dispensed water is increased and stabilized. To this effect the control unit is connected to the water-quality measuring device and to the state measuring device and is designed, for setting a predetermined water quality, to control the salination unit depending on the operating state of the salination unit and on the measured water quality.

Variable Pulsed Ionic Waste Stream Reclamation System and Method

A method for treating wastewater having one or more of suspended solids, dissolved solids, biological oxygen demand includes solids filtration followed by a bi-polar/bi-directional flow through ionic module fitted with anionically/cationically charged plates followed by a sub-sonic resonance module followed by another bi-polar/bi-directional flow through ionic module followed by a ultra-sonic resonance module followed by one or more anion/cation collection membrane modules. Recycle is provided in each step, wherein each step may be repeated, and wherein one or more of the steps can be bypassed. 1. A method for treating wastewater having one or more of suspended solids , dissolved solids , biological oxygen demand , which comprises the steps of:(a) determining the total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), pH, conductivity, and various isotopes or elements in the wastewater to be treated;(b) subjecting the wastewater to filtration to affect substantial removal of suspended solids greater than about 0.01μ particle size;(c) passing the filtered wastewater through a bi-polar/bi-directional flow through ionic module fitted with anionically charged plates for removing at least some of the cations present in the wastewater;(d) passing the resulting wastewater stream from step (c) through a sub-sonic resonance module for removing at least some of the isotopes in the wastewater responsive to subsonic resonance frequency;(d) passing the resulting wastewater from step (d) a bi-polar/bi-directional flow through ionic module fitted with cationically charged plates for removing at least some of the anions present in the wastewater;(e) passing the resulting wastewater stream from step (d) through a ultra-sonic resonance module for removing at least some of the isotopes in the wastewater responsive to ultrasonic resonance frequency;(f) passing the resulting wastewater from step (e) through a bi-polar/bi-directional flow through ionic ...

Real-Time In Situ Sensing of Water-Related Parameters Using Micro-Electrode Array

Improved sensor assemblies are provided. More particularly, the present disclosure provides microelectrode array (“MEA”) real-time in situ global sensing assemblies for enhancing efficiency and stability of wastewater treatment systems. In general, the present disclosure provides for a novel global sensing technology utilizing a microelectrode array (MEA) to solve various problems of monitoring wastewater treatment systems. The present disclosure provides for improved systems/methods for monitoring wastewater treatment systems, with the improved systems/methods obtaining a substantially complete global profile of multiple parameters simultaneously. More particularly, the present disclosure provides that by patterning multiple electrodes (e.g., mm-sized electrodes) on a film (e.g., thin plastic film), a MEA can monitor multiple parameters simultaneously in 2-dimension (2-D) of a given system so that global dynamic stratification inside such systems can be real-time visualized for swift response under various wastewater conditions. 1. A sensor assembly , comprising:a substrate, the substrate having a length and a width;a plurality of micro-electrodes deposited on the substrate, the substrate configured to be at least partially disposed within and along the depth of a water treatment system;wherein the plurality of micro-electrodes is configured and adapted to facilitate the simultaneous detection of multiple parameters along the depth of the water treatment system.2. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a flexible plastic film.3. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein each micro-electrode of the plurality of micro-electrodes is a mm-sized electrode.4. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein each micro-electrode of the plurality of micro-electrodes includes gold or silver.5. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the water treatment system is selected from the group consisting of aeration tanks claim 1 , anaerobic digestors claim 1 , anoxic tanks claim 1 , storage tanks ...

Water Vapor Distillation Apparatus, Method and System

A system for product water output. The system includes a controller, a first conductivity sensor in communication with the controller, a first product valve downstream from the first conductivity sensor and in communication with the controller, a second product valve downstream from the first product valve and in communication with the controller, a second conductivity sensor downstream from the second product valve and in communication with the controller, and a divert valve downstream from the first conductivity sensor and upstream from the first product valve and in communication with the controller. 1. A method for determining the quality of product water output comprising:providing a controller;providing a first conductivity sensor in communication with the controller;providing a first product valve downstream from the first conductivity sensor and in communication with the controller;providing a second product valve downstream from the first product valve and in communication with the controller;providing a second conductivity sensor downstream from the second product valve and in communication with the controller;providing a divert valve downstream from the first conductivity sensor and upstream from the first product valve and in communication with the controller;the controller comparing the conductivity from the first conductivity sensor and the second conductivity sensor; andif the conductivity from the first conductivity sensor differs more than a threshold amount from the conductivity of the second conductivity sensor, indicating a fault condition.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the first conductivity sensor determining that the conductivity of product water is not within a first acceptable range and opening the divert valve and maintaining the first product valve and second product valve in a closed position.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the first conductivity sensor determining that the conductivity of product water is ...

Microbial fuel cell arrangement and method for operating it

The invention relates to a microbial fuel cell arrangement comprising a cell reactor. The cell reactor comprises a membrane, which has an active surface and a support surface, as well as a pore size of ≤10 nm and/or a divalent ion rejection of ≥50%; an anode and a cathode, which are connected with each other through an external electrical circuit; an influent inlet for liquid medium arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and at least one permeate outlet arranged at the support surface side of the membrane; an influent line connected to the influent inlet; a concentrate outlet, arranged at the active surface side of the membrane and connected to a concentrate line; and pressurisation means for creating pressure difference between the active surface side and support surface side of the membrane. The invention relates also to a method for operating a microbial fuel cell.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING CHEMICAL INJECTION INTO BOILER

A device for controlling injection of chemical into a boiler and a chemical injection method can control an injection amount such that a chemical concentration is obtained as per a target even in a boiler feed-water facility where a flow rate of feed-water varies to a large extent in a short period. The device controls an amount discharged by a chemical injection pump in proportion to a flow rate measured by a flowmeter. An average chemical concentration in a feed-water is calculated from an amount of feed-water per predetermined period obtained by the flowmeter and a reduction in the amount of chemical in a tank per predetermined period obtained by a sensor. The chemical injection pump is controlled on the basis of the calculated average chemical concentration and a preset target chemical concentration of the feed-water so that the average chemical concentration is within the target chemical concentration range. 1. A device for controlling chemical injection into a boiler , the device comprising:a feed-water line for supplying feed-water from a feed-water tank to a boiler through a feed-water pipe provided with a feed-water pump;a feed-water flow rate measuring device for measuring a flow rate of the feed-water flowing through the feed-water pipe;a chemical injection pump for injecting a solution containing one or more chemicals for boiler water treatment (the solution being called a “chemical liquid” hereinafter) into the feed-water line, the chemical liquid being stored in a chemical tank;a chemical liquid amount measuring device for measuring an amount of the chemical liquid stored in the chemical tank; anda controller for controlling a discharge rate of the chemical injection pump in proportion to the flow rate measured by the feed-water flow rate measuring device,wherein an average chemical concentration in the feed-water is calculated from a feed-water volume per a predetermined period and a reduction amount of the chemical liquid in the tank per the ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS DISPERSION

Method and Apparatus for Treatment of Aqueous Dispersion A method and apparatus for applying electrocoagulation treatment to an aqueous dispersion includes: flowing the aqueous dispersion through a region with sacrificial electrodes located between opposed electrodes, and applying a voltage across the electrodes to pass a current. The voltage is maintained at a value V max when the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion is S min or less and the voltage is allowed to decrease to values less than V max as the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion increases. Electrolyte may be added to the aqueous dispersion at low conductivities to further reduce power consumption. The invention allows the electrocoagulation process to operate automatically, without operator intervention, over a wide range of particulate levels with reduced electrical power consumption. 2. The method according to wherein Vis from 240 to 520 V.3. The method according to wherein a current from Cto Cis passed between the opposed electrodes when the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion in the flow-through cell has a value in excess of S claim 1 , and wherein the current is allowed to fall below Cwhen the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion in the flow-through cell has a value of Sor less.4. T method according to wherein Sis such that the current passed between the opposed electrodes claim 1 , when the voltage applied is V claim 1 , is from 5 to 20 A.5. The method according to wherein the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion is measured by a conductivity monitor.6. The method of wherein the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion is derived from measurements of the voltage and current across the opposed electrodes.7. The method according to wherein the current is maintained at a substantially constant value Cwhen the conductivity of the aqueous dispersion is in excess of Sand the voltage is in excess of a value V claim 1 , and wherein the current is controlled to increase up to a value Cto maintain ...

Chlorine generator system

A chlorine generator apparatus wherein a housing is adapted to be mounted in an exterior, user-accessible surface of a spa and a chlorine generating electrode cartridge carrying a pair of electrodes is configured to be installable by a user in the housing and to thereafter be removeable by the user for replacement.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MONITORING DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER IN ONE OR MORE DISPOSAL WELLS

A system and method for monitoring disposal of wastewater in a disposal well includes: an event monitor sensor configured to identify a wastewater disposal event; and a second sensor configured to collect data about one or more characteristics of the wastewater during the wastewater disposal event. The data from the second sensor at the disposal well is analyzed to determine a classification of the wastewater, which is then reported to an operator or another interested party. 1. A system for monitoring disposal of wastewater in a disposal well , comprising:an event monitor sensor configured to identify a wastewater disposal event;a second sensor configured to collect data about one or more characteristics of the wastewater during the wastewater disposal event; anda water analysis module operable to receive collected data from the second sensor, and further operable to determine a classification of the wastewater from the collected data.2. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the event monitor sensor is a camera.3. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the event monitor sensor is a current sensor.4. The system as recited in claim 3 , wherein the current sensor monitors the power consumption of one or more pumps that are associated with the disposal well.5. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the second sensor is selected from the group consisting of: a total suspended solids (TSS) sensor; a pH sensor; and a conductivity sensor.6. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the second sensor comprises: a total suspended solids (TSS) sensor; a pH sensor; and a conductivity sensor.7. The system as recited in claim 1 , wherein the classification is one of the following: produced water; flow-back water; pit water; or sediment waste.8. A method for monitoring disposal of wastewater in a disposal well claim 1 , comprising the steps:identifying a wastewater disposal event at the disposal well;monitoring a volume of wastewater being disposed at the disposal ...

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING BIO-SLIMES IN A CLEAN CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM THROUGH A PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL-SUPERCONDUCTING HIGH GRADIENT MAGNETIC SEPARATION COUPLING PROCESS

There is provided a method for controlling bio-slimes in a clean circulating water system through a physical-chemical-superconducting high gradient magnetic separation coupling process. An inorganic composite flocculant is added to circulating water to gather in the circulating water with micro-nano particles in hydrosol through demulsification to form alum floc. The resulting water passes through a superconducting high gradient magnetic separation system. A magnetic field strength of the superconducting high gradient magnetic separation system and flow rate of the circulating water are controlled to generate strong magnetic flocculation to allow floc to grow, such that the in the circulating water wraps the micro-nano particles to separate the from water. 1. A method for controlling bio-slimes in a clean circulating water system through a physical-chemical-superconducting high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS) coupling process , comprising:{'i': 'Zoogloea', '1) adding an inorganic composite flocculant to circulating water to gather in the circulating water with micro-nano particles in hydrosol through demulsification to form alum floc; and'}{'i': Zoogloea', 'Zoogloea, '2) passing the resulting water obtained in step (1) through a superconducting high gradient magnetic separation system; controlling a magnetic field strength of the superconducting high gradient magnetic separation system and flow rate of the circulating water, such that the in the circulating water wraps the micro-nano particles to separate the from water.'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic composite flocculant in step (1) has a micro-nano branched structure with a boric acid and a silicate group.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the inorganic composite flocculant in step (1) is 10-80 mg/L.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (2) claim 1 , the magnetic field strength of the superconducting high gradient magnetic separation system is 1.5-4.0 T claim 1 , and the ...

Control of an ro installation for flushing solutions

The method of verifying an RO membrane of an RO installation is characterised in that the conductivity values of the supplied raw water and of the permeate and the amount of the raw water inflow and the concentrate outflow are continuously or cyclically measured and that the efficiency of the RO membrane, its retention rate and/or filtration efficiency are calculated from the measured values.

Relating to water treatment

In one embodiment, a method treats an aqueous system to inhibit growth of one or more micro-organisms therein and/or to reduce the number of live micro-organisms therein. The method includes adding treatment agents to the aqueous system, where the treatment agents include a phosphonium compound and a stabilised halogen containing composition. In one embodiment, an aqueous system incorporates a combination of a phosphonium compound and a stabilising halogen containing composition.

MULTI-FUNCTIONAL WATER QUALITY SENSOR

A multi-functional sensor assembly includes an electrically non-conductive substrate defining at least a distal region, intermediary region, and proximal region that are each covered with electrically conductive traces. The proximal region is configured to be exposed to a media to be sensed and the distal and intermediary regions are configured to be protected from the media. The electrically conductive traces are connected to one or more electrodes to sense one or more of alkalinity, cyanuric acid concentration, or oxidant concentration of the media. 1. A multi-functional sensor assembly comprising:an electrically non-conductive substrate defining at least a distal region, intermediary region, and proximal region that are each covered with electrically conductive traces, and wherein the proximal region is configured to be exposed to a media to be sensed and wherein the distal and intermediary regions are configured to be protected from the media, and wherein the electrically conductive traces connect to one or more electrodes to sense one or more of alkalinity, cyanuric acid concentration, or oxidant concentration.2. The multi-functional sensor assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the proximal region includes the one or more electrodes claim 1 , the intermediary region includes the electrical circuits to sense temperature and flow claim 1 , and the distal region includes electrically conductive trace segments connected to the electrical circuits and to the one or more electrodes claim 1 , and wherein the trace segments terminate in pads serving as an external electrical connection interface.3. The multi-functional sensor assembly according to claim 2 , wherein the one or more electrodes comprises at least three electrodes configured to sense conductivity claim 2 , ORP and pH.4. The multi-functional sensor assembly according to claim 3 , wherein the at least three electrodes include a first conductivity electrode claim 3 , a second conductivity electrode claim 3 ...

MULTI-PORT FLOW SWITCHING VALVE

A valve assembly for controlling fluid flow is provided. The valve assembly includes a housing having a first chamber and a second chamber, an actuator assembly configured to move between a first position and a second position within the first and second chambers, a plurality of fluid ports in fluid communication with the first chamber, and a plurality of fluid ports in fluid communication with the second chamber. The first position of the actuator assembly defines a first series of fluid flowpaths through the plurality of fluid ports of the first and second chambers. The second position of the actuator assembly defines a second series of fluid flowpaths through the plurality of fluid ports of the first and second chambers. 1. A valve assembly for controlling fluid flow comprising:a housing comprising a first chamber and a second chamber;an actuator assembly configured to move between a first position and a second position within the first and second chambers;a plurality of fluid ports in fluid communication with the first chamber;a plurality of fluid ports in fluid communication with the second chamber;wherein the first position of the actuator assembly defines a first series of fluid flowpaths through the plurality of fluid ports of the first chamber and through the plurality of fluid ports of the second chamber, and the second position of the actuator assembly defines a second series of fluid flowpaths through the plurality of fluid ports of the first chamber and through the plurality of fluid ports of the second chamber.2. The valve assembly of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of fluid ports in communication with the first chamber further comprise a plurality of fluid inlet ports and a plurality of fluid outlet ports claim 1 ,the plurality of fluid ports in communication with the second chamber further comprise a plurality of fluid inlet ports and a plurality of fluid outlet ports, andthe first position of the actuator assembly defines a first set of pairings ...

METHOD AND PLANT FOR TREATMENT OF AQUEOUS DISPERSION

A plant for treatment of a waste water stream comprising fat includes pre-treatment apparatus for removal of liquid oil and gross contaminants, a flow-through assembly for electrocoagulation treatment of a liquid, a floc-separation apparatus arranged for removal of a flocculated fat-containing layer from the aqueous dispersion to provide clarified aqueous solution for disposal and a controller arranged to control voltage and/or current across the electrodes and the flow of the waste water stream through the components of the plant. Also disclosed are methods for using the plant to provide efficient separation with minimised power consumption as flow and contaminant level vary. 1. A plant for treatment of a waste water stream comprising fat particles dispersed therein , the plant comprising:a) a pre-treatment apparatus for separation and removal of liquid oil and gross contaminants from said waste water stream in use to provide a remaining aqueous dispersion comprising fat particles dispersed in aqueous solution, a flow-through chamber comprising opposed electrodes and sacrificial electrodes positioned therebetween; and', 'a power supply arranged to apply a voltage across the electrodes and to cause a current to flow therebetween through said aqueous dispersion in use;, 'b) a flow-through assembly arranged for electrocoagulation treatment of said aqueous dispersion, the assembly comprisingc) a floc-separation apparatus arranged for separation and removal of a flocculated fat-containing layer, formed by flocculation of said fat particles after electrocoagulation treatment of said aqueous dispersion, to provide a remaining clarified aqueous solution; andd) a controller arranged to control voltage and/or current across the electrodes and the flow of the waste water stream through the components of the plant.2. The plant according to wherein the pre-treatment apparatus comprises a skimming tank configured for removal of oil from said waste water stream by skimming a ...

WATER TREATMENT ASSEMBLY INCLUDING HYPERFILTRATION MODULE AND PRESSURIZABLE RESERVOIR

A water treatment assembly comprising a spiral wound hyperfiltration membrane module connected to: i) a feed line adapted for connection to a source of pressurized feed water, ii) a permeate line adapted for connection to a dispenser of treated water and iii) a concentrate line adapted for connection with drain; wherein the assembly further includes a pressurizable reservoir with valves for selectively diverting flow of pressurized feed water along the feed line, through the reservoir and returning to the feed line prior to passing through the hyperfiltration membrane module. 19-. (canceled)10. A water treatment assembly comprising a spiral wound hyperfiltration membrane module connected to:i) a feed line adapted for connection to a source of pressurized feed water,ii) a permeate line adapted for connection to a dispenser of treated water andiii) a concentrate line adapted for connection with drain and including a flow restrictor that limits feed flow, and the flow restrictor and module are selected to provide more than 50% recovery when the module is operated at 20 gfd with 500 ppm NaHCO3 at 25° C. and a pH 8;wherein the assembly is characterized by comprising a pressurizable reservoir including valves for selectively diverting flow of pressurized feed water along the feed line, through the reservoir and returning to the feed line prior to passing through the hyperfiltration membrane module; and wherein the reservoir comprises a re-sealable opening by which an additive may be introduced, an inlet and an outlet for pressurized feed water, and a path through the pressurizable reservoir that has a length between inlet and outlet that exceeds five times its largest open diameter.11. The assembly of wherein the length between inlet and outlet exceeds ten times the largest open diameter of the reservoir.12. The assembly of wherein the reservoir contains a cleaning agent that is an acid.13. The assembly of wherein the reservoir contains vinegar.14. The assembly of wherein ...

WASHING DEVICE AND WASHING METHOD

A washing device includes a container () in which aqueous solution is contained, an adsorption electrode () which is placed in the container () and on which adsorption and desorption of ions in the aqueous solution can be brought about, a counter electrode () which is placed in the container () so as to face the adsorption electrode (), a direct-current power source () for applying a voltage between the adsorption electrode () and the counter electrode (), and a switching circuit () for switching polarity of the voltage applied between the adsorption electrode () and the counter electrode (). A control device () controls the direct-current power source () and the switching circuit () and has a first mode in which first functional water is produced by release of cations into the aqueous solution from the adsorption electrode () or adsorption of anions in the aqueous solution onto the adsorption electrode () with the adsorption electrode () set as anode and with the counter electrode () set as cathode. Thus the washing device capable of efficiently producing functional water having undergone hardness control and pH control is provided with use of a simple configuration. 118-. (canceled)19. A washing device comprising:a container in which aqueous solution is contained,an adsorption electrode which is made of porous carbon material and which is placed in the container and on which adsorption and desorption of ions in the aqueous solution can be brought about,a counter electrode which is placed in the container so as to face the adsorption electrode,voltage application means which applies a voltage between the adsorption electrode and the counter electrode,polarity switching means which switches polarity of the voltage applied between the adsorption electrode and the counter electrode, andcontrol means which controls the voltage application means and the polarity switching means, whereinthe control means has a first mode in which first functional water is produced by ...

Electroactive cultures and apparatuses therefor

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and devices for generating electricity from an effluent source. In the presence of electrogenic bacteria and substrate electrodes, an electroactive biofilm is produced which possesses bioconductive capacity for efficiently producing an electric current while treating an effluent source such as, e.g., wastewater. This disclosure relates generally to the production of electricity from a biological source. In particular, this disclosure relates to microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and other bioelectrochemical systems (BES) that exploit an exogenous fuel source.

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING OPERATION OF REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE APPARATUS AND REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE TREATMENT SYSTEM

The formation of scale in a reverse osmosis membrane apparatus is reduced at low water temperatures without the necessity of pH adjustment or addition of a scale dispersant to continue a consistent operation for a long period of time. The operation of a reverse osmosis membrane apparatus is controlled on the basis of the concentration of aluminum ions and/or iron ions in the feed to the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus and/or the concentrate from the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus. Not only silica but also aluminum ions and iron ions that are also present in the water significantly affect the reduction in the flux of a reverse osmosis membrane which is caused by silica scale. It is necessary to appropriately control the concentration of aluminum ions and/or iron ions in the feed and/or the concentrate to consistently operate a reverse osmosis membrane apparatus for a long period of time. 1. A method for controlling operation of a reverse osmosis membrane apparatus , in which raw water is treated through the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus ,wherein the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus is controlled on the basis of concentration of aluminum ions and/or iron ions in water fed to the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus (hereinafter, this water is referred to as “feed”) and/or concentrate from the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus.2. The method for controlling operation of a reverse osmosis membrane apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein one or more items selected from 1) to 9) below are controlled on the basis of the concentration of aluminum ions and/or iron ions in the feed and/or the concentrate.1) Suitability of raw water as the feed2) Temperature of the feed3) Concentration rate or recovery rate of the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus4) Pressure at which the feed is fed to the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus, pressure of the concentrate, or pressure of treated water from the reverse osmosis membrane apparatus5) Flow rate of the concentrate6) ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL DESCALING BY PULSED SIGNAL REVERSAL

The invention provides a method for heating a liquid () in a heater (), wherein the heater () comprises a heating element () and a counter electrode (), wherein the method comprises (i) heating the liquid () in the heater () by heating the heating element () to a temperature in the range of 120-250° C., and (ii) applying an AC potential difference between the heating element () and the counter electrode (), wherein the AC potential difference varies with an AC frequency (f) in the range of 200-2500 Hz and has an amplitude in the range of 1-5 V, and wherein the liquid flows in the heater () between the heating element () and the counter electrode (). 1. A method for heating a liquid a heater , wherein the heater comprises a heating element and a counter electrode wherein the method comprises (i) heating the liquid in the heater by heating the heating element to a temperature in the range of 120-250° C. , and (ii) applying an AC potential difference between the heating element and the counter electrode wherein the AC potential difference varies with an AC frequency (f) in the range of 200-2500 Hz and has an amplitude in the range of 1-5 V , and wherein the liquid flows in the heater between the heating element and the counter electrode.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the AC frequency (f) is the range of 500-1500 Hz claim 1 , wherein the AC voltage has a sinusoidal character claim 1 , and wherein the potential difference is in the range of 1.5-4 V.31. The method according to claim 1 , comprising heating the heating element to a temperature in the range of 120-250° C.4. The method according to claim 1 , comprising flowing the liquid between the heating element and the counter electrode with a flow speed in the range of 1.5-10 ml/s.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heater comprises a flow through heater claim 1 , wherein the heating element encloses the counter electrode.62. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heating element and the ...

Three electrode electrolytic cell and method for making hypochlorous acid

A method and apparatus are provided for electrolyzing a source liquid in an electrolytic device. The electrolytic device includes a first cathode in a cathode chamber; and an anode and a second, auxiliary cathode in an anode chamber. The anode chamber and cathode chamber are separated by a barrier, and the anode and the auxiliary cathode are separated by a gap that lacks a barrier. While electrolyzing the source liquid with the electrolytic device, a level of current applied to the auxiliary cathode is adjusted in response to pH of an anolyte liquid produced from the source liquid by the anode chamber to maintain the pH within a desired range.

Filtration System for Preparation of Fluids for Medical Applications

A treatment system for performing a treatment on a patient may include a treatment fluid preparation device having a pump connected by a fluid channel to a reservoir of a source fluid, the pump conveying the source fluid from the reservoir, through a filter, and combining the source fluid with a concentrate by pumping the source fluid with the concentrate to form a treatment fluid in a batch container. The treatment fluid preparation device may have a controller that controls a heater, the pump, and a memory. The controller starts the heater to warm the treatment fluid in the batch container at a time that is responsive to the treatment time stored in the memory. The controller also detects a pressure property of the filter to determine its integrity and outputs an indication of a failed batch if the pressure property indicates the integrity of the filter is insufficient. 115.-. (canceled)16. A treatment system for performing a treatment on a patient , the treatment system comprising:a source of fluid;a container for treatment fluid;the source of fluid being connected by a line to convey fluid through a filter and into the container for treatment fluid;the container for treatment fluid being a disposable container that permits flow into and out of it;the treatment system having a controller that controls a pump that regulates the flow of fluid from the source of fluid to the container for treatment fluid.17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the pump is regulated responsively to a measurement of pressure.18. The system of claim 16 , further comprising a controller that controls the administration of heat to the container for treatment fluid.19. The system of claim 16 , further comprising a component that withdraws the treatment fluid from the container for treatment fluid and conveys treatment fluid to and from a patient.20. A system for generating a batch of treatment fluid at a point of use claim 16 , comprising:a fluid circuit having a water source line, a ...

Desalination system

There is provided a desalination system capable of monitoring a situation of a semipermeable membrane element in real time. A desalination system 15 includes a plurality of semipermeable membrane elements 10 accommodated in series in a pressure vessel 12 , a first intake port 22 for intake of filtrate water from an upstream semipermeable membrane element 10 in the pressure vessel 12 , a second intake port 26 for intake of filtrate water from a downstream semipermeable membrane element 10 in the pressure vessel 12 , and a supervisory controller 18 that outputs an index correlated with fouling on the semipermeable membrane element 10 based on at least one of first water quantity 46 , first water quality 48 , second water quantity 52 , and second water quality 54 , the first water quantity 46 and first water quality 48 being quantity and quality of the filtrate water from the first intake port 22 , and the second water quantity 52 and second water quality 54 being quantity and quality of the filtrate water from the second intake port 26.

Method of Initiating A Liquid Treatment Process In A Liquid Treatment System

A method of initiating a liquid treatment process, comprising steps of: providing a sensing material inside a liquid treatment tank, the sensing material being subject to a change in size in response to a composition of a liquid flowing therethrough; arranging an actuating means in association with the sensing material, the actuating means being movable in response to the change in size of the sensing material; and allowing flow of an actuating stream of the liquid in response to a mechanical movement of the actuating means to thereby hydraulically actuate operation of the liquid treatment system. 1. A method of initiating a liquid treatment process , comprising steps of:providing a sensing material inside a liquid treatment tank, the sensing material being subject to a change in size in response to a composition of a liquid flowing therethrough;arranging an actuating means in association with the sensing material, the actuating means being movable in response to the change in size of the sensing material; andallowing flow of an actuating stream of the liquid in response to a mechanical movement of the actuating means to thereby hydraulically actuate operation of the liquid treatment system.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sensing material and the actuating means are provided as a sensing device claim 1 , the sensing device having a body with the sensing material and the actuating means disposed therein claim 1 , wherein the actuating means moved between a first position and a second position in response to the change in size of the sensing material to thereby mechanically actuate a switch member claim 1 , such that when the actuating means is in the first position claim 1 , flow of the actuating stream of the liquid is allowed by the switch member to thereby hydraulically actuate operation of the liquid treatment system; and when the actuating means is in the second position claim 1 , flow of the actuating stream of the liquid is prevented by the ...

METHODS FOR PREDICTING AND MONITORING SCALE FORMATION IN INDUSTRIAL WATER SYSTEMS

A method includes varying at least one condition of water in a water system while (i) measuring an amount of deposit control agent (DCA) in the water to detect a change in the amount of DCA in the water; and (ii) measuring scaling in the water system to detect a change in the amount of scaling; and correlating the detected change in the measured amount of DCA with the detected change in scaling in the water in order to predict and monitor the onset of scaling. 1. A method comprising:varying at least one condition of water in a water system while (i) measuring an amount of deposit control agent (DCA) in the water to detect a change in the amount of DCA in the water; and (ii) measuring scaling in the water system to detect a change in the amount of scaling; andcorrelating the detected change in the measured amount of DCA with the detected change in scaling in the water.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein scaling in the water is measured by measuring a precipitated amount of scale-forming salt calculated as a difference between a total unfiltered amount of scale-forming ionic species in the water and a filtered amount of scale-forming ionic species in a filtered sample of the water.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the change in scaling includes the precipitated amount of scale-forming salt calculated to be more than 1% of the total unfiltered amount scale-forming ionic species in the water.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the change in scaling includes the precipitated amount of scale-forming salt calculated to be more than 5% of the total unfiltered amount scale-forming ionic species in the water.5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the change in scaling includes the precipitated amount of scale-forming salt calculated to be more than 10% of the total unfiltered amount scale-forming ionic species in the water.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the correlating includes identifying a threshold operating value of the at least one condition where the detected change in ...

Waste water treatment system with buffering device and waste water treatment method therefor

Disclosed is a waste water treatment system with a buffering device, the system comprising a waste water pretreatment device, an evaporator, a circulating crystallizer, a crystal filtration device and a water removal device which communicate with each other in sequence, and further comprising a primary buffering device and a secondary buffering device, wherein one end of the primary buffering device is in bi-directional communication with the circulating crystallizer, and the other end thereof is connected to the evaporator; and the secondary buffering device is in bi-directional communication with the circulating crystallizer. Further disclosed is a waste water treatment method for a waste water treatment system with a buffering device.

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF DEIONIZATION OF WATER

A method of treating water in a water treatment system after a replacement of an ion exchange bed includes introducing water to be treated into the ion exchange bed of the water treatment system to produce treated water, calculating a current exchange daily average flow rate of water through the water treatment system, calculating a cumulative daily average flow rate of water through the water treatment system, and determining an estimated number of days remaining to exhaustion of the ion exchange bed based on the current exchange daily average flow rate and the cumulative daily average flow rate. 116.-. (canceled)17. A system for providing treated water , the system comprising a first water treatment unit having:a first ion exchange bed having ion exchange media contained therein, and disposed to receive a first water stream to be treated;a first flow meter positioned along a flow path including the first ion exchange bed and configured to measure a first flow rate of the first water stream passing through the first flow path; and 'receive first flow rate data regarding the first flow rate;', 'a first controller in communication with the first flow meter, the first controller configured to calculate a first cumulative average flow rate through the first water treatment unit;', 'determine a first weighted average flow rate from a weighted average of the first current average flow rate and the first cumulative average flow rate; and', 'determine an estimated number of days remaining to exhaustion of the ion exchange media in the first ion exchange bed based on the first weighted average flow rate and a capacity of the ion exchange media of the first ion exchange bed., 'calculate, based on the first flow rate data, a first current average flow rate of the first water stream through the first ion exchange bed;'}18. The system of claim 17 , further comprising a second water treatment unit disposed remotely from the first water treatment unit claim 17 , the second water ...

Systems and methods for clustering particles by liquid-phase electric plasma discharge

The disclosed technology includes systems and methods for clustering particles, especially water contaminants, by liquid-phase electric plasma discharge. According to certain implementations, the discharge may be applied continuously, and may be of relatively low power, e.g., a voltage between 300 V and 5000 V and an amperage between 0.1 A and 1 A. The electrodes introducing the electric discharge may be in a point-to-point configuration and with at least one electrode having a large aspect ratio. In some implementations, one or more of the voltage and amperage of the electric discharge, electrode configuration and aspect ratio, and the conductivity of the medium may enable the generation of plasma containing hydroxyl and other radicals. The radicals may catalyze polymerization of the particles, resulting in an increase in particle size and, thus, improved filterability. The polymerization process may continue after the electric discharge is discontinued or removed from influence of the medium.

Method and system for water treatment

Water treatment systems including electrically-driven and pressure-driven separation apparatus configured to produce a first treated water suitable for use as irrigation water and a second treated water suitable for use as potable water from brackish or saline water and methods of operation of same.

APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR REDUCING NUTRIENTS IN TREATING WASTEWATER

The present invention relates to apparatus, methods, and applications for treating wastewater, and more particularly to biological processes for removing pollutants from wastewater. This invention further relates to apparatus and methods for growing microbes on-site at a wastewater treatment facility, and for economically inoculating sufficient microbes to solve various treatment problems rapidly 195to . (canceled)96. A method of treating wastewater in a wastewater treatment plant using microbes , while minimizing the growth phase of the microbes in the wastewater treatment plant , the method comprising:a. providing an on-site fermentation system at a wastewater treatment plant for treating a wastewater, wherein the wastewater contains pollutants; the fermentation system comprising: a main tank comprising a mixing apparatus and a heater; a transfer pump and line for transferring a treatment batch for direct application to wastewater in the wastewater treatment plant;b. adding an inoculum, nutrients and water to the main tank; wherein the inoculum contains a first concentration of microbes;c. growing the microbes in the main tank to provide a treatment batch;whereby the treatment batch contains a second concentration of microbes; wherein the first concentration is at least 100 time smaller than the second concentration;d. directly applying an amount of the treatment batch to the wastewater; whereby sufficient numbers of microbes are introduced into the wastewater to avoid the need for a growth phase of a biomass in the wastewater;e. whereby the treatment batch reduces the pollutants in the wastewater, without the need for a growth phase of a biomass in the wastewater; and,f. thereby avoiding a need for addition of supplemental nutrients to the wastewater.97. The method of claim 96 , wherein the level of pollutants is reduced to at or below the NPDES permit requirements for the wastewater treatment plant.98. The method of claim 97 , wherein the supplemental nutrients ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR TREATING AND FILLING WATER

Embodiments of the invention relate to a device for treating and filling water, comprising: a water treatment device with at least one filtration module, at least one filling device for filling water, in particular, for filling containers with water treated by the water treatment device, and wherein the water treatment device is coupled directly to the filling device. 115.-. (canceled)16. A device for treating and filling water , comprising:a water treatment device with at least one filtration module; andat least one filling device for filling one or more containers with water treated by said water treatment device, wherein said water treatment device is coupled directly to said at least one filling device.17. A device according to claim 16 , wherein said filling device comprises an intermediate buffer.18. A device according to claim 17 , wherein the intermediate buffer comprises a ring chamber for buffering the water supplied from said water treatment device.19. A device according to claim 16 , wherein said water treatment device comprises a plurality of filtration modules claim 16 , where said plurality of filtration modules are operable independently of each other.20. A device according to claim 19 , configured such that at least some of said plurality of filtration modules can be at least one of a) cleaned or b) backflushed during operation of said device.21. A device according to claim 16 , wherein the at least one filtration module is configured to perform membrane filtration.22. A device according to claim 21 , wherein the membrane filtration comprises at least one of microfiltration claim 21 , ultrafiltration or nanofiltration.23. A device according to claim 16 , wherein said water treatment device further comprises at least one reverse osmosis module configured to perform reverse osmosis.24. A device according to claim 16 , further comprising:at least one filling level gauge configured to measure a water filling level in said filling device, wherein said ...

Water softener water hardness automatic detection device

A water softener water hardness automatic detection device includes: a water input tube; a water output tube; a valve head, disposed in a water softener; a bypass valve, disposed in a water softener, and connected to the valve head through the water input tube and the water input tube; and a water hardness detection device, disposed on the water input tube, used to detect hardness of water. The water hardness detection device is a TDS (total dissolved solids) detection probe, extending into a tube chamber of the water input tube, and connected electrically to a display panel of the water softener through a controller. The valve head and the bypass valve are both connected electrically to the controller. The water softener water hardness automatic detection device is simple in construction, user may adjust parameters of water softener, to achieve the most of its functions.

Ultrapure water generation and verification system

An ultrapure water (UPW) generation and verification system can include a cleaning chemical station, a cleanup column, a conductivity verification station, and a holding reservoir, in fluid communication with one another. The cleaning chemical station can be configured to selectably permit a flow of water to pass therethrough to the cleanup column or to block the flow of water and instead deliver a cleaning chemical to the cleanup column. The conductivity verification station can be configured to selectably perform at least one of the following: permit water to flow from the cleanup column to the holding reservoir; direct fluid to waste; or test the conductivity of the water for a purity level.

NON-WASTE WATER FLUE GAS TREATMENT SYSTEM AND NON-WASTE WATER FLUE GAS TREATMENT METHOD

An apparatus is disclosed including a desulfurization device which removes sulfur oxides contained in boiler flue gas, a spray drying device which sprays desulfurization waste water discharged from the desulfurization device and which dries the waste water by introducing a drying gas, a flue gas supplying line Lwhich returns, to a main flue L, flue gas obtained after the desulfurization waste water is evaporated and dried, an alkaline agent supplying unit which adds an alkaline agent to a desulfurization waste water line L, and a pH meter which measures the pH in the desulfurization waste water at locations before and after the alkaline agent supplying unit in the desulfurization waste water line L, wherein the alkaline agent is added in accordance with a measurement result of a measured pH to cause the desulfurization waste water added with the alkaline agent to have a pH fall within a predetermined pH. 111-. (canceled)12. A non-waste water flue gas treatment system , comprising:a boiler configured to combust fuel;a heat recovering device provided in a main flue that discharges a boiler flue gas from the boiler and configured to recover heat of the boiler flue gas;a desulfurization device configured to remove a sulfur oxide contained in the boiler flue gas with a desulfurization absorbing liquid;a spray drying device configured to spray waste water including desulfurization waste water discharged from the desulfurization device;a flue gas introduction line configured to introduce a drying gas for evaporating and drying the desulfurization waste water into the spray drying device;a flue gas supplying line configured to return a flue gas obtained after the desulfurization waste water being evaporated and dried in the spray drying device back to the main flue;an alkali supplying unit configured to add an alkaline agent to a desulfurization waste water line that connects the desulfurization device and the spray drying device; anda pH meter configured to measure a pH in ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PREDICTING DEPLETION OF DEIONIZATION TANKS AND OPTIMIZING DELIVERY SCHEDULES

Systems for analyzing and monitoring deionization tank system performance in a fluid flow system and generating delivery schedules for servicing deionization tanks can include a conductivity sensor and a fluid flow meter. Data regarding the amount and conductivity of fluid flowing through the deionization tank system can be used to predict a remaining capacity of the deionization tank system. A central server can determine the remaining capacity of deionization tank systems at a plurality of service locations. The central server can generate a delivery schedule for servicing deionization tank systems at each of the plurality of service locations based on the determined remaining capacities. Other parameters can be used to optimize efficiency of the delivery schedule while meeting the needs of each of the service locations. 1. A system for generating delivery schedules for servicing deionization tanks located at a plurality of service locations , the system comprising: a deionization tank system having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet;', 'a fluid flow meter positioned in the fluid flow path either upstream or downstream of the deionization tank system;', 'a conductivity sensor positioned in the fluid flow path upstream from the deionization tank system, the conductivity sensor being in fluid communication with the fluid inlet of the deionization tank system; and, 'at each of the plurality of service locations, a fluid flow system comprising receive, from each service location, the data corresponding to the amount and conductivity of the fluid flowing through the deionization tank system over time;', 'determine, for each of the fluid flow systems, a predicted remaining capacity for the deionization tank system; and', 'generate a delivery schedule for servicing deionization tank systems for each of the plurality of service locations based on the predicted remaining capacity for each of the deionization tanks at the plurality of service locations., 'a central server in ...

Process of supplying water of controlled salinity

A process of producing an injection water stream of controlled salinity and controlled sulfate anion content that is suitable for injection into an oil bearing formation of an oil reservoir, the process comprising the steps of: (a) feeding a source water having a total dissolved solids content in the range of 20,000 to 45,000 ppm and a sulfate anion concentration in the range of 1,000 to 4,000 ppm, preferably, 1,500 ppm to 4,000 ppm to a desalination plant that comprises a plurality of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane units and a plurality of nanofiltration (NF) membrane units wherein the source water is pressurised to a pressure in the range of 350 to 1250 psi absolute, and dividing the source water to provide a feed water for the RO membrane units (hereinafter “RO feed water”) and a feed water for the NF membrane units (hereinafter “NF feed water”); (b) if necessary, increasing the pressure of the RO feed water to a value in the range of 900 to 1250 psi absolute before introducing the RO feed water to the RO membrane units and withdrawing an RO permeate and an RO retentate from the RO membrane units wherein the RO membrane units are operated in either a single-pass, single-stage mode or in a single-pass, two-stage mode and wherein the recovery of RO permeate is in the range of 35 to 75% by volume, preferably, 35 to 60% by volume based on the volume of the RO feed water that is fed to the RO membrane units such that the RO permeate has a total dissolved solids contents of less than 250 ppm, and a sulfate anion concentration of less than 3 ppm; (c) if necessary, reducing the pressure of the NF feed water to a value in the range of 350 to 450 psi absolute before introducing the NF feed water to the NF membrane units and withdrawing an NF permeate and an NF retentate from the NF membrane units wherein the NF membrane units are operated in a single-pass, single-stage mode and wherein the NF membrane units are operated with a recovery of NF permeate in the range of 35 to ...

Process For Generating Oxygenated Water

A method for increasing the quantity of dissolved oxygen in water includes addition of an oxidant to the water to increase the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the water to between about 400 and 850 mV, followed by electrolysis to generate oxygen gas. The voltage applied to the electrolytic cells during electrolysis is less than 300 mV. The dissolved oxygen content of the water exiting the electrolytic cell is about 90% of saturation to super saturation.

Filtration System for Preparation of Fluids for Medical Applications

A treatment system for performing a treatment on a patient may include a treatment fluid preparation device having a pump connected by a fluid channel to a reservoir of a source fluid, the pump conveying the source fluid from the reservoir, through a filter, and combining the source fluid with a concentrate by pumping the source fluid with the concentrate to form a treatment fluid in a batch container. The treatment fluid preparation device may have a controller that controls a heater, the pump, and a memory. The controller starts the heater to warm the treatment fluid in the batch container at a time that is responsive to the treatment time stored in the memory. The controller also detects a pressure property of the filter to determine its integrity and outputs an indication of a failed batch if the pressure property indicates the integrity of the filter is insufficient.

Arrangement for Treating Wastewater

A system and method for evaporative treatment or wastewater which minimizes scaling and system maintenance is disclosed. The apparatus can include an evaporation vessel with a heating source to evaporate water from a solution under treatment and a drain valve for draining the solution after treatment. The apparatus can also include one or more sensors configured to measure parameters of a solution under treatment and a user programmable controller to control the treatment process based on such measurements. A user can configure the controller to define the detection of a solution's critical state where contaminant concentrations are maximized yet scaling is minimized. When a critical state of the solution is reached a portion of the treated solution can be removed and the vessel refill with new wastewater thereby lowering the concentration of the remaining solution the repealing the evaporation and drain cycle until all wastewater has been treated. 1) An apparatus for treating a solution comprising:a first vessel coupled to an inlet valve adapted to fill the first vessel with a liquid solution to be treated, the first vessel coupled to an outlet valve to drain the solution and to a heating, source configured to heat the solution to temperatures sufficient to remove water from the solution during treatment:a sensor configured to communicate a metric of at least one parameter of the solution during treatment, the metric usable to detect a critical state of the solution under treatment, where the critical stale is a state of the solution that occurs prior to a user defined scaling rate of the solution; anda controller coupled to the sensor and configured to open the outlet valve when the solution under treatment reaches the critical stale, to close the outlet valve when a predetermined portion of the solution under treatment has been drained creating a non-drained solution, and configured to add untreated wastewater to the non-drained solution thereby changing the ...

Refilling device for a hydronic heating system and method of operating

Refilling device for a hydronic heating system, having a monolithic housing providing an inlet port, an outlet port, a middle section providing a flow channel for water extending between the inlet port and the outlet port and a connection socket for a softening and/or demineralization cartridge, having an inlet shut-off-valve accommodated within said monolithic housing downstream of said inlet port, having an automatically actuated outlet shut-off-valve accommodated within said monolithic housing upstream of said outlet port, having a system separator with backflow preventers, a conductivity or TDS sensor and a flow meter accommodated within said monolithic housing, and having a controller mounted to said monolithic housing, wherein the controller receives signals from the conductivity or TDS sensor and from the flow meter, wherein the controller processes said signals received from said sensors to automatically control the operation of the refilling device.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PURIFYING AND RECYCLING SHOWER WATER

The present invention describes a hybrid device () for a recirculation shower, allowing purification and either recycling of water or discarding of water, wherein said hybrid device () comprises a recirculation loop (), a filter system () with a nano-filter () such as for instance an electropositive nano-ceramic filter, e.g. a nano alumina (fiber) filter, at least one filter quality sensor (), at least one pre-filter (), and wherein the hybrid device () is arranged to redirect the water from recirculation to drainage when the at least one filter quality sensor () indicates the need thereof. 1. A hybrid device , which is a shower that is adapted to function both as a recirculation shower and as an ordinary shower , and allows purification and either recycling of water or discarding of water , wherein said hybrid device comprises a recirculation loop which facilitates recirculation of water within said hybrid device , and also comprises:a filter system with a nano-filter and at least one filter quality sensor, and at least one pre-filter, the pre-filter being positioned before the nano-filter in process terms, and the filter quality sensor being adapted to indicate that the filter system is operating as desired;at least one water quality sensor,a modified drain, which is adapted to collect the water used and to facilitate the stream of water used towards the recycling loop and filter system, so that water can be purified and recirculated, or towards drainage; wherein the hybrid device is arranged so that:it can operate in a recirculation mode providing purification and recirculation of water, until the water passing through said hybrid device is at a pre-determined maximum level of contaminants;when any of said sensors is indicating the need to do so, and in particular when the at least one water quality sensor indicates that the water is contaminated above said pre-determined maximum level of contaminants, the same water is redirected from recirculation to drainage ...

METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FOR CLEANING A SENSOR

The invention relates to a method for cleaning a sensor in a wastewater monitoring arrangement comprising at least one sensor with a sensor surface, such as an optical sensor with a window, lens, or the like. In the monitoring arrangement, during a normal operation mode, a sample flow of wastewater is arranged to flow past the sensor surface and the sensor is arranged to provide measurement values that describe a quality parameter of the wastewater. The method comprising steps of: starting a sensor cleaning cycle by discontinuing the sample flow; starting a cleaning liquid flow; arranging the cleaning liquid flow towards the sensor surface; mechanically cleaning the sensor surface by an automatic cleaning device; discontinuing the cleaning liquid flow after a predetermined cleaning time and ending the cleaning cycle; and starting the wastewater flow again.

Method, Apparatus And System For Desalinating Saltwater

The present disclosure is directed at an apparatus, method and plant for desalinating saltwater and contaminated saltwater. The apparatus includes a stack and a manifolding assembly. The stack includes a product chamber, a first and second concentrate chamber, an anion exchange membrane forming a boundary between the first concentrate chamber and the product chamber and a cation exchange membrane forming a boundary between the second concentrate chamber and the product chamber. The manifolding assembly includes product and concentrate manifolding fluidly coupled to the product and concentrate chambers respectively, to convey a saltwater being desalinated to and away from the product chamber, and a concentrate to and away from the concentrate chambers. The stack may include a diluent chamber and adjacent anion or cation exchange membranes between the product chamber, diluent chamber and concentrate chamber to respectively convey anions or cations across multiple chambers.

CONTROLLED SIMULTANEOUS NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT

A process for controlling the aeration rate during the aerobic phase of a wastewater treatment process is disclosed, which comprises: (a) measuring at moment tthe ammonium concentration [NH]and nitrogen oxide concentration [NO]in a mixture of wastewater and microbial sludge; (b) determining a nitrogen oxide target concentration [NO]at the end of the aerobic phase based on at least the current ammonium concentration [NH]and the current NOconcentration [NO]; (c) determining a setpoint [NO]based on interpolation between [NO]and [NO]; (d) adjusting the aeration rate to minimise error between [NO]and [NO]; and (e) repeating steps (a) to (d) at further moments t. The invention further concerns a process for the treatment of wastewater, using the process. 1. A process for controlling the aeration rate during the aerobic phase of a wastewater treatment process , comprising:{'sub': 1', '4', '1', 'x', '1, '(a) measuring at moment tthe ammonium concentration [NH]and nitrogen oxide concentration [NO]in a mixture of wastewater and microbial sludge that is being aerated;'}{'sub': x', '1', '4', '1', 'x', 'x', '1, 'sup': F', '+, '(b) determining a nitrogen oxide target concentration [NO]at the end of the aerobic phase based on at least the current ammonium concentration [NH]and the current NOconcentration [NO];'}{'sub': x', '1', 'x', '1', 'x', '1, 'sup': SP', 'F, '(c) determining a setpoint [NO]based on interpolation between [NO]and [NO];'}{'sub': x', '1', 'x', '1, 'sup': 'SP', '(d) adjusting the aeration rate to minimise the error between [NO]and [NO]; and'}{'sub': 'i', '(e) repeating steps (a) to (d) at further moments t.'}2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the wastewater treatment process is a batch-wise or a continuous wastewater treatment process.3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the wastewater treatment process is a batch-wise wastewater treatment process.4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein steps (a) to (d) are repeated at intervals Dt.5. The ...

METHOD FOR UTILIZING MULTIPLE SIMULTANEOUS INDEPENDENT SOURCES OF WATER IN A COOLING TOWER

A cooling tower system is disclosed. The cooling system includes a cooling tower; at least two make-up water inlet streams configured to supply water to the cooling tower; a blowdown stream configured to remove water from the cooling tower; at least one sensor monitoring water in each of the make-up water inlet streams; and a controller operably connected to the at least one sensor. 1. A cooling tower system , comprising:a cooling tower;at least two make-up water inlet streams configured to supply water to the cooling tower;a blowdown stream configured to remove water from the cooling tower;at least one sensor monitoring water in each of the make-up water inlet streams; anda controller operably connected to the at least one sensor.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least two make-up water inlet streams comprises three make-up water inlet streams.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least two make-up water inlet streams are connected to a pipe that is connected to the cooling tower claim 1 , and the pipe carries water from the at least two make-up water inlet streams into the cooling tower.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor is a conductivity sensor.5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one sensor is a flow sensor.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein each make-up water inlet stream is monitored by at least two sensors.7. The system of claim 6 , wherein the at least two sensors are a conductivity sensor and a flow sensor.8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller stores a conductivity set-point.9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a distributed control system operably connected to the controller.10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system does not include a make-up water holding tank configured to supply water to the cooling tower.11. A method of controlling cooling water treatment claim 1 , comprising:receiving data from at least one sensor monitoring water in at least two make-up water inlet streams ...

Electrodialysis salt splitting regenerant generation for wac and wba resin combined with sodium hypochlorite on-site generation process

Disclosed is a combined generator technology for two purposes: 1) electrodialysis “salt splitting” (ESS) to convert sodium chloride salt into an acid (hydrochloric or sulfuric) and a caustic (sodium hydroxide) to be generated for use as regeneration solutions for weak acid cation, weak base anion, and strong base anion resin systems and 2) electro-generation for converting sodium chloride salt into an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite both with the intention of treating make up water and/or recirculating in a cooling tower, fluid cooler, or any evaporative cooling device; other salts will apply to the process in addition to sodium chloride (example sodium sulfate).

Water Treatment System and Method of Use Thereof

The disclosure relates to systems for treating water and method for use.

SYSTEM AND METHOD OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING WATER MANAGEMENT

A system and method of managing water in an evaporative cooling system includes one or a combination of three components. A first component is to purify incoming water to the target quality. A second component is to purify condenser loop water to the target quality. The choice of the technology may depend on the site specific environmental conditions determining the quality of the recirculated condenser water and may include (but not limited to) filtration allowing for meeting target quality parameters, such as ultrafiltration, microfiltration, etc. A third component is to provide protection for the condenser loop hardware, preventing or reducing rate of corrosion, fouling, and scaling by adding chemicals to water in the system. The choice of the chemistry will depend on the site specific environmental and other system operating conditions 1. A method of water management in an evaporative cooling system comprising: a high temperature element requiring cooling; an evaporative system and water based coolant recirculating between the two , the method comprising:providing an initial portion of water at a first amount and quality to the evaporative system, wherein the water contains organic and inorganic contamination of less than 20 ppb total organic carbon (TOC) and/or wherein the water contains conductive ions in a concentration resulting in resistivity equal to or greater than 0.02 MΩ·cm;treating the initial portion of water in the evaporative system with at least one chemical;causing evaporation of the treated make-up water to reduce the first amount of water to a second amount of water in the evaporative cooling system container; andadding make-up water to the evaporative cooling system container to increase volume of the water in the container from the second amount to the first amount without discarding substantially any of the treated system water.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the chemical is a corrosion inhibitor claim 1 , a biocide claim 1 , an ...

SCALE SUPPRESSION APPARATUS, GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION SYSTEM USING THE SAME, AND SCALE SUPPRESSION METHOD

A scale suppression apparatus capable of suppressing in a low-priced manner the generation of silica-based scale and calcium-based scale in the influent water containing at least a silica component and a calcium component, a geothermal power generation system using the same, and a scale suppression method are provided. The scale suppression apparatus includes a chelating agent and alkaline agent addition unit injecting liquid containing a chelating agent and an alkaline agent into a pipe arrangement through which influent water such as geothermal water or the like flows, and a controller controlling a pump and a valve of the chelating agent and alkaline agent addition unit. The controller controls the injection of the chelating agent and the alkaline agent and stops of the injection based on the signal output from a scale detection unit for detecting a precipitation state of the scale. 1. A scale suppression apparatus of injecting a chelating agent and an alkaline agent into influent water containing at least a silica component and a calcium component to suppress generation of scale ,the scale suppression apparatus comprising a controller configured to alternately switch between an injection operation of injecting the chelating agent and the alkaline agent and stopping of the injection operation.2. The scale suppression apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to alternately switch between the injection operation and the stopping of the injection operation at a predefined interval.3. The scale suppression apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a scale detection unit configured to detect a precipitation state of the scale on a downstream side from an injection point into which the chelating agent and the alkaline agent are injected claim 1 , a memory configured to store an output signal from the scale detection unit; and', 'a calculation unit configured to calculate an index of the injection operation based on the output ...

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING WATER HARDNESS IN A DWELLING

A method and device for controlling water hardness in a dwelling, including a water consumption circuit. The supply water for the dwelling is first introduced into a dynamic storage device, and then, at the outlet of the dynamic storage device, is introduced either into the water consumption circuit of the dwelling or into a purification circuit, depending upon the degree of hardness of the supply water. The purification circuit includes a pump followed by an anti-clogging device followed by an osmosis unit, a filtration device or an ultrafiltration device. Next, the “pure water” leaving the osmosis unit, the filtration device or the ultrafiltration device is reintroduced into the dynamic storage device, while the water rejected by the osmosis unit, the filtration device or the ultrafiltration device is filtered and decanted in a filtration and decantation device and then reinjected into the purification circuit by the pump. Additionally, the “pure water” from the dynamic storage tank having a degree of hardness below a predefined threshold value is introduced into the consumption circuit of the dwelling through a mixing unit so as to produce a water mixture having a hardness of between 8° fH and 12° fH. The dynamic storage circuit includes a tube wound about itself into a coil and having a length equal to or greater than 10 m. 116.-. (canceled)17. A method for controlling water hardness in a dwelling , comprising the following steps:a) introducing untreated supply water into a dynamic storage device which can contain a maximum storage volume of liquid;b) filling the dynamic storage device until said maximum storage volume is reached;c) measuring a hardness of the water at an outlet of the dynamic storage device;d) comparing the measured hardness with a threshold hardness and proceeding either with following steps e) to h) when the measured hardness is greater than the threshold hardness or with following steps i) to m) when the measured hardness is less than or ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS TO MONITOR AND CONTROL A WATER SYSTEM

A system for providing treated water includes a water treatment unit including an inlet water quality probe, a worker bed, a probe to measure a parameter of water from the worker bed, a polisher bed connected downstream from the worker bed and having a probe to measure a parameter of water from the polisher bed, and a flow meter upstream of the worker bed or downstream of the polisher bed. A controller in communication with the flow meter and the probes is configured to receive data from same. A remote server in communication with the local water treatment unit is configured to receive data from the local water treatment unit. The controller or the server may determine a cumulative flow total, a billing cycle flow total, a current exchange flow total, a contaminant load, or a remaining capacity of the water treatment unit. 1. A system for providing treated water , the system comprising: an inlet water quality probe disposed to measure at least one inlet water parameter of feedwater to be treated, the inlet water quality probe including a conductivity sensor and a temperature sensor,', 'a worker bed having ion exchange media contained therein, and disposed to receive the feedwater to be treated,', 'a worker probe disposed to measure at least one worker water parameter of water from the worker bed, the worker probe including a worker conductivity sensor and a worker temperature sensor,', 'a polisher bed having ion exchange media contained therein, and fluidly connected downstream from the worker bed,', 'a polisher probe disposed to measure at least one polisher water parameter of water from the polisher bed, the polisher probe including a polisher conductivity sensor and a polisher temperature sensor,', 'a flow meter positioned at least one of upstream of the worker bed and downstream of the polisher bed and configured to measure flow data of water introduced into the local water treatment unit,', 'a controller in communication with the flow meter, the inlet water ...

DRAINLESS REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM

A drainless reverse osmosis (RO) water purification system provides relatively pure water for on-demand dispensing, while recycling brine to a domestic hot water system. The drainless purification system includes a pre-filter catalyst cartridge for removing chlorine-based contaminants from a tap water supply upstream from an RO membrane. The catalyst is regularly refreshed by a high through-flow of water to a conventional cold water dispense faucet, thereby significantly prolonging the service life of the RO membrane. The RO membrane is incorporated into a multi-cartridge unit adapted for facilitated slide-out removal and replacement as needed. A control valve recycles brine from the RO membrane to the hot water system during pure water production, and recirculates tap water through the RO membrane when a pure water reservoir is substantially filled. The multi-cartridge unit may further include an air filtration system for providing a flow of filtered air. 1. A water purification system , comprising:a water inflow port receiving a water inflow from a water supply system;a first filter coupled between the water inflow port and the water supply system, the first filter filtering the water inflow to provide pre-filtered water;a cartridge filter unit configuration receiving the pre-filtered water and filtering the pre-filtered water by at least one of a particulate filter and a reverse osmosis filter, the cartridge filter unit configuration providing purified water and coupled to a purified water outflow port;a water monitoring system including a water quality monitor circuit and at least one water quality sensor, the water quality monitor circuit monitoring water quality of at least one of the water inflow from the water supply and the purified water, the water quality monitor circuit further including at least one indicator indicating water quality of the at least one of the water inflow from the water supply and the purified water, the water monitoring system further ...

MAGNETIZED WATER GENERATING DEVICE

A magnetized water generating device includes a tube body being filled with water; an induction coil installed at a center inside the tube body ; and a plurality of heating plates arranged around the induction coil . The magnetized water generating device further includes a high frequency generator for applying high-frequency power to the induction coil to heat the plurality of heating plates , resulting in that the water in the tube body is heated and converted into micro-cluster magnetized water; and a tube , positioned between a pair of magnets for causing the micro-cluster magnetized water to pass through an N-pole and an S-pole resulting from the pair of magnets , thereby providing it as magnetized water exhibiting a high degree of electric conductivity. 1. A magnetized water generating device comprising:{'b': 110', '130', '140, 'a tube body , whose interior is filled with water to be heated by a plurality of heating plates , ;'}{'b': 120', '110, 'an induction coil installed at a center inside the tube body ;'}{'b': 130', '140', '120', '120, 'a plurality of heating plates , arranged as induction conductors around the induction coil at a predetermined interval from the induction coil ;'}{'b': 180', '120', '120', '130', '140', '130', '140', '110, 'a high frequency generator for applying high-frequency power to the induction coil , such that the induction coil induces the high-frequency power to the plurality of heating plates , and, as the plurality of heating plates , are heated, the water filling the interior of the tube body is heated and converted into micro-cluster magnetized water; and'}{'b': 150', '160', '170', '160', '170, 'a tube , positioned between a pair of magnets , , for receiving the micro-cluster magnetized water, dividing the same into a plurality of streams, and causing the plurality of streams to pass through an N-pole and an S-pole resulting from the pair of magnets , , wherein the plurality of streams is collected to be provided as magnetized ...

Biological Nutrient Removal Process Control System

A process for biological nutrient removal including: receiving fluid having sludge in a basin through a sludge inlet; activating an aeration system based at least partially on a time of day; periodically measuring a potassium level of the fluid; determining a potassium rate of change based on the periodic measurements of potassium level; and deactivating the aeration system based at least partially on the determined potassium rate of change. A system for biological nutrient removal is also disclosed.

Thermal energy conversion submerged reverse osmosis desalination system

A submersible reverse osmosis desalination apparatus uses low temperature concentrate or brine from the desalination apparatus to provide a high volume cold liquid stream to an Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) heat engine. The OTEC engine also employs a warm liquid stream and uses the cold and warm liquid streams to obtain electrical power from a closed-cycle or open-cycle heat exchange and generator system. Use of the concentrate or brine stream provides a much greater liquid volume and much greater cold thermal energy content than would be obtained by using cold desalinated product water from the desalination apparatus in the OTEC heat engine.

Nutrient Infuser For Drinking Water

The present invention provides a nutrient infuser removably attached to a drinking water source to remineralize drinking water. The nutrient infuser comprises a pipe provided for the drinking water to flow therethrough, wherein flow rate of the drinking water is measured by a flow meter. The flow meter converts flow rate into electronic signals which will be received by a controller. The controller totalizes the electronic signals and uses it to further generate another electronic signal to activate an injector to operate accordingly. Upon activation, the injector draws a predetermined amount of consumable substances from a canister and injects the same to the drinking water flowing through the pipe, remineralizing the drinking water, making it healthier for consumption. The predetermined amount of consumable substances injected to the drinking water corresponds to the flow rate of the drinking water. The consumable substances may comprise essential minerals, vitamins or flavoring.

Method for determining a dose of coagulant for treating raw water

A method for determining an optimal dose of coagulant for raw water includes a step of determining a value, for the raw water, of a first organic parameter; a step of determining a value, for the raw water, of a second mineral parameter; a step of determining a class of water for the raw water, characterized by the value of the first organic parameter and the value of the second mineral parameter; a step of determining a value, for the raw water, of a third organic parameter; a step of defining a target value, for the clarified water, of the third organic parameter; a step of selecting a function between the third organic parameter and an added dose of coagulant, said function being selected for the class of water and for the value, for the raw water, of the third organic parameter; a step of using the function to determine a first dose of coagulant in order to reach the target value.

Systems and Methods of Intensive Recirculating Aquaculture

Systems and methods for intensive recirculating aquaculture are provided herein. An example system includes water sourced from a first segment of a saline aquifer, a recirculating aquaculture system receiving the sourced water and producing discharge water, and a water discharge point located within second segment of the saline aquifer disposed below the first segment of the saline aquifer. 1. A recirculating aquaculture system , comprising:water sourced from a first segment of a saline aquifer;a recirculating aquaculture system receiving the sourced water and producing discharge water; anda water discharge apparatus that disposes of the discharge water into a second segment of the saline aquifer, the second segment of the saline aquifer being a predetermined distance below the first portion;{'b': '1', 'wherein the saline aquifer is a Floridan aquifer and the first segment of the saline aquifer having water comprising at least five parts per liter or more comprises any of a lower confining unit segment (LC) or a lower Floridan producing zone one segment (LF), and the second segment comprises a boulder zone (BZ) segment of the Floridan aquifer; and'}wherein at a maximum feeding schedule, approximately 20 percent or less of total water volume of the sourced water in the recirculating aquaculture system is exchanged with new water sourced from the saline aquifer, on a daily basis.2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the water sourced from the LC segment has a salinity of approximately 5 to 30 ppt/liter when delivered to the recirculating aquaculture system.3. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the water sourced from the LC segment has a temperature of approximately 40 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit.4. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the exchange is between the LC and BZ segments claim 1 , and wherein the sourced water is utilized on a fish farm and returned to the BZ segment by an injection well using an injection zone positioned within the BZ ...

DIALYSIS SYSTEM

A dialysis system includes a filtration system capable of filtering a water stream, a water purification system capable of purifying said water stream in a non-batch process, a mixing system capable of producing a stream of dialysate from mixing one or more dialysate components with the water stream in a non-batch process, and a dialyzer system. The dialyzer may be a microfluidic dialyzer capable of being fluidly coupled to the stream of dialysate and a blood stream. 1. A dialysis system , comprising: a fluid pathway having a water inlet and a water outlet, the fluid pathway further comprising', 'a first region where water flows in a first direction at a first temperature;', 'a heater region downstream of the first region, the water flowing into the heater region at the first temperature and the heater region comprising at least one heater that transfers heat into the water flowing through the heater region to increase the temperature to a second temperature greater than the first temperature; and', 'a second region downstream of the heater region where water flows in a second direction at a temperature greater than the first temperature, wherein water flowing in the second region thermally communicates with water flowing in the first region such that heat transfers from water flowing in the second region to water flowing in the first region resulting in a temperature reduction in the water as it flows through the second region, wherein water flows out of the fluid pathway through the water outlet at a temperature less than the second temperature;, 'a water purification system comprising a microfluidic channel, flow field, or both, the water purification system capable of processing a household water stream in a non-batch process to produce a pasteurized water stream, the water purification system comprising a heat exchange system comprising'}a dialysate preparation system capable of mixing the pasteurized water stream with dialysate components to produce a ...

AERATION CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR WASTEWATER

An aeration control system and method for wastewater are provided. The aeration system, which is connected to an aeration device in an aeration basin, includes a plurality of water quality detectors, at least one pollutant estimate model, and a processing unit. The plurality of water quality detectors are configured to acquire a plurality of water quality data. The plurality of water quality data includes a pre-aeration water quality data and a post-aeration water quality data. The pollutant estimate model is configured to generate a pollutant data according to the pre-aeration water quality data. The processing unit is configured to generate an aeration quantity according to the pollutant data, the post-aeration water quality, and an effluent water quality setting, and transmitting the aeration quantity to the aeration device. 1. An aeration control system for wastewater , which is connected to an aeration device in an aeration basin , comprising:a plurality of water quality detectors configured to acquire a plurality of water quality data, and the plurality of water quality data including a pre-aeration water quality data and a post-aeration water quality data;at least one pollutant estimate model configured to generate a pollutant data according to the pre-aeration water quality data; anda processing unit configured to generate an aeration quantity according to the pollutant data, the post-aeration water quality and an effluent water quality setting, and transmitting the aeration quantity to the aeration device.2. The aeration control system according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of water quality data are selected from the group consisting of amounts of dissolved oxygen (DO) claim 1 , oxidation-reduction potentials (ORP) claim 1 , electrical conductivities (EC) claim 1 , amounts of suspended solid (SS) claim 1 , potentials of hydrogen (pH) and combinations thereof.3. The aeration control system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one pollutant ...

Water Filter with Electrical Conductivity Meter

The present invention relates to water filter comprises an electrical conductivity meter and a filter cartridge core for water treatment comprises one or more of the following group: filter gauze, carbonate filter, ceramic filter and Silifos balls. In addition, the invention relates to a filter cartridge core for water treatment which including one or more of the following group: filter gauze, carbonate filter, ceramic filter and Silifos balls which intended to be inserted in a filter housing that combines an electrical conductivity meter.

REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER PURIFIER

A reverse osmosis water purifier that monitors Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) at the onset of entering the water filtration system and downstream upon exiting the system. A comparison of the TDS levels is made to each other or predetermined levels, and action is taken regarding whether to bypass the RO filter, or continue filtering through the RO membrane, or combine the two fluid streams. A microbiological barrier filter is introduced in-line with the egress port of a reverse osmosis filter, and downstream of the bypass water circuit. The microbiological filter is utilized to remove microbiological contaminants from the output water, either directly from the RO filter output, or the bypass filter circuit, or both. 1. A water filter system comprising:an inlet;an outlet in fluid communication with said inlet;a first total dissolved solids (TDS) probe positioned between said inlet and said outlet;a first junction positioned downstream of said first TDS probe, said first junction redirecting water from said first TDS probe towards a bypass fluid circuit in a first direction and a filtering fluid circuit in a second direction;said bypass fluid circuit comprising a bypass solenoid valve, and in fluid communication with a second junction;said filtering fluid circuit comprising a reverse osmosis filter, said reverse osmosis filter having a permeate outlet and a concentrate outlet, wherein said permeate outlet is in fluid communication with said bypass fluid circuit at a second junction;a microbiological barrier filter in fluid communication with said permeate outlet and said bypass fluid circuit via said second junction, positioned downstream of said second junction;a second TDS probe downstream of, and receiving filtered water from, said microbiological barrier filter; anda storage tank positioned upstream of said outlet, said storage tank storing said filtered water prior to exiting said water filter system.2. The water filter system of including a sediment filter ...

Membrane filtration apparatus and process for reuse of industrial wastewater

Laundry, industrial or food processing wastewater is purified to the degree that it can be reused. Water quality is ensured through the final process of reverse osmosis (“RO”) which removes dissolved contaminants such as mineral hardness, soils and residual detergents. The process combines a ceramic tubular cross-flow membrane filter to remove the suspended solids, oils and greases ahead of the RO. The RO process employs high temperature, low fouling membranes. This enables the RO process to operate sustainably, i.e. without fouling, plugging or membrane degradation.

Electrodialysis Process With Active Foulant Removal Sequence

Methods of operating an electrochemical separation device is disclosed. The methods include operating the electrochemical separation device in an active mode until the resistance reaches a predetermined threshold, regenerating the electrochemical separation device in a passive mode until the resistance reaches a predetermined threshold, and resuming operation of the electrochemical separation device in the active mode. The methods also include operating the electrochemical separation device in an active mode for a predetermined period of time, regenerating the electrochemical separation device in a passive mode for a predetermined period of time, and resuming operation of the electrochemical separation device in the active mode. Water treatment systems include the electrochemical separation device and a control module are also disclosed. Methods of facilitating operation of the electrochemical separation device by providing a control sequence are also disclosed. 1. A method of operating an electrochemical separation device comprising a dilution compartment , a concentration compartment , an ion exchange membrane positioned between the dilution compartment and the concentration compartment , and first and second electrodes , the method comprising: transmitting a current between the first and second electrodes;', 'directing a first feed stream to the dilution compartment to produce a product stream; and', 'directing a second feed stream to the concentration compartment to produce a reject stream; and, 'operating the electrochemical separation device in an active mode, until a resistance in the electrochemical separation device reaches a first predetermined threshold, the active mode comprisingregenerating the electrochemical separation device in a passive mode until the resistance reaches a second predetermined threshold lower than the first predetermined threshold, the passive mode comprising suspending operation of the electrochemical separation device in the active ...

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR EVALUATING ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN WATER

Methods and systems are described for evaluating the level of organic contaminants in water, and in particular water that is used as boiler feedwater in food processing facilities such as sugar factories. The method includes measuring at least one parameter of the water including pH, conductivity, and/or total organic carbon, and, based on the measured values, determining whether corrective action needs to be taken to reduce the levels of organic contaminants. 1. A method for evaluating water that is used as boiler feedwater , the method comprising:measuring at least one parameter of the water that is selected from the group consisting of pH, conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC), and oxidation reduction potential (ORP); andbased on the at least one measured parameter, determining whether to take corrective action to reduce an amount of organic contaminant in the water and/or mitigate effects of the organic contaminant in the water.2. The method according to claim 1 , the measuring comprising measuring at least one of the pH and the conductivity of the water.3. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising measuring a fluorescence intensity of the water claim 1 , and determining whether to take the corrective action based on the measured fluorescence intensity.4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising taking the corrective action when it is determined that the at least one measured parameter changes at a rate that exceeds a threshold value.5. The method according to claim 3 , further comprising taking the corrective action when it is determined that the at least one measured parameter and the fluorescence intensity changes at a rate that exceeds a threshold value.6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising taking the corrective action when it is determined that the at least one measured parameter exceeds a threshold value.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the boiler feedwater includes condensate from an evaporation ...

AUTOMATIC SEWAGE REGULATION SYSTEM AND REGULATING METHOD THEREOF

An automatic sewage regulation system and a regulating method are provided. The automatic sewage regulation system is disposed between preset sewage sources and a preset sewage treatment apparatus and includes an equalization tank and an automatic sewage regulating device. The automatic sewage regulating device includes sensing modules for sensing and transmitting water quality sensing values of sewage in the preset sewage sources to a control module which outputs regulating signals to water flow regulators, so that the water flow regulators can regulate flowing volumes of the sewage of the preset sewage sources according to the regulating signal, to keep a water quality sensing value of the sewage in the equalization tank within a preset range, thereby preventing the equalization tank from converging sewage having excessively-high or excessively-low water quality sensing value. As a result, burden of the preset sewage treatment apparatus can be reduced. 1. An automatic sewage regulation system , disposed between a plurality of preset sewage sources and a preset sewage treatment apparatus , and the automatic sewage regulation system comprising:an equalization tank connected to preset water outlets of the preset sewage sources, and configured to converge sewage from the preset sewage sources and discharge the sewage to the preset sewage treatment apparatus for sewage purification treatment; andan automatic sewage regulating device comprising a plurality of sensing modules respectively disposed in the preset sewage sources, and a control module, and a plurality of water flow regulators, wherein the sensing modules are configured to sense water quality sensing values of sewage in the preset sewage sources, and the control module is eclectically connected to each of the sensing modules and configured to receive the water quality sensing values and generate water flow regulation signals, and the water flow regulators are disposed on preset water outlets of the preset ...

Arrangement for providing sterile water for injection purposes

The invention relates to an arrangement for providing sterile water for injection purposes. A device for heating drinking water above the boiling point, a device for maintaining a chamber inner pressure which lies below the atmospheric pressure, and an electronic controller are provided, and the chamber is equipped with at least one membrane which is impermeable for liquids and a film or plate at a distance from the membrane, wherein steam which is permeated through the membrane is condensed on the film of plate. The membrane and the film or plate form a module, and the condensed water can be removed from the chamber via an outlet as sterile water for injection purposes.

MARINE AQUARIUM WATER PURIFICATION AND SALINITY CONTROL APPARATUS AND METHOD

A water salinity control apparatus for a marine aquarium includes a filter section in which the water from a utility water supply is purified and deionized. A reservoir section includes a purified water reservoir for purified water, a salt-mixed water reservoir in which marine water at the setpoint salinity is stored, and a salt concentrate reservoir which contains fully salt-saturated water. A pump section includes pumps for pumping water from the salt-mixed water reservoir into the aquarium and for pumping water from the purified water reservoir to the aquarium. A control system adjusts the salinity of the water in the salt-mixed water reservoir and the salinity of the water in the marine aquarium. The control system receives input from salinity measuring probes that measure the salinity in the salt-mixed water reservoir and the salinity of the water of the marine aquarium. 1. A water salinity control apparatus for a marine aquarium , the apparatus comprising:a filter section including a water inlet and filters configured to generate purified water suitable for use in the marine aquarium;a reservoir section including a purified water reservoir for purified water connected to receive purified water from said filter section, a salt-mixed water reservoir connected to receive water from said purified water reservoir, and a salt concentrate reservoir having an overflow conduit at an upper level thereof for allowing water to overflow into said salt-mixed reservoir; one or more pumps hydraulically connected to pump water from said salt-mixed water reservoir into said salt concentrate reservoir, to pump water from said salt-mixed water reservoir to the aquarium, and to pump water from said purified water reservoir to the aquarium; and', 'a pump hydraulically connected to draw water out of the aquarium;, 'a pump section includinga control system for adjusting a salinity of the water contained in said salt-mixed water reservoir and for adjusting a salinity of the water in ...

PROCESS OF MAKING ALKALINE AND ACIDIC WATER

A process of making an alkaline water and acidic water wherein the step of dissolving the alkaline salt in the initial stream is further defined as adding the alkaline salt of a lower alkyl carboxylic acid of sodium propionate to the initial stream. The step of electrolyzing the feed stream further includes a step of applying an electric potential between the cathode and the anode. The step of applying the electrical potential is further defined as applying the electrical potential of between 0.5V and 50 V between the cathode and the anode. The alkaline water composition produced by the process includes zero hydroxide ions and defines a total alkalinity between 40 ppm and 510 ppm. The alkaline water also has a TDS between 58 ppm and 1000 ppm, a pH between 10.0 and 12.0, a hardness rating between 3.5 and 10, and a Langelier Index between 0.37 and 2.20. 1. A process of producing an alkaline water and having a pH of between 10.0 and 12.0 and acidic water from an initial stream of water having a total dissolved solid content between 0 ppm and 10 ppm , by electrolysis with at least one cathode and at least one anode , said process comprising the steps of;dissolving an alkaline salt of cations and anions in the initial stream to produce a feed stream including the initial stream containing the cations and the anions of the alkaline salt and a residual of undissolved alkaline salt,electrolyzing the feed stream to dissociate water into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions and to produce an alkaline water adjacent to a cathode and acidic water adjacent to an anode,removing the alkaline water,removing the acidic water,and characterized by,said step of dissolving the alkaline salt in the initial stream being further defined as adding the alkaline salt of a lower alkyl carboxylic acid to the initial stream in a range from 26 ppm to 1321 ppm to produce the feed stream and allow the alkaline water obtained from said step of applying the potential to have a low pH at the low end of ...

Ultraviolet Water Disinfection System

A solution for treating a fluid, such as water, is provided. An ultraviolet transparency of a fluid can be determined before or as the fluid enters a disinfection chamber. In the disinfection chamber, the fluid can be irradiated by ultraviolet radiation to harm microorganisms that may be present in the fluid. One or more attributes of the disinfection chamber, fluid flow, and/or ultraviolet radiation can be adjusted based on the transparency to provide more efficient irradiation and/or higher disinfection rates. In addition, various attributes of the disinfection chamber, such as the position of the inlet(s) and outlet(s), the shape of the disinfection chamber, and other attributes of the disinfection chamber can be utilized to create a turbulent flow of the fluid within the disinfection chamber to promote mixing and improve uniform ultraviolet exposure. 1. A system comprising: a set of ultraviolet radiation sources configured to generate ultraviolet radiation to treat the fluid within the disinfection chamber, wherein at least one ultraviolet radiation source is operating in a UV-C range; and', 'at least one inlet located at a first end of the disinfection chamber and at least one outlet located at a second end of the disinfection chamber, wherein the fluid flows through the at least one inlet directly into the disinfection chamber and directly out of the disinfection chamber through the at least one outlet;, 'a disinfection chamber for disinfecting a fluid, the disinfection chamber comprisinga sensing component located adjacent to the disinfection chamber configured to obtain sensing data corresponding to a level of biological activity within the fluid; anda control component configured to control the set of ultraviolet radiation sources based on the level of biological activity within the fluid.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the disinfection chamber further comprises:an outer chamber, the outer chamber including ultraviolet reflective material; andan inner ...

Layered electrodeionization device with discreet anion chamber

The present invention relates generally to the deionization of liquids through the use of electrodeionization methods and apparatuses. The apparatuses are configured to produce purified liquids having an ion content at a level of parts-per-trillion or less, and to provide continuous regeneration of the ion exchange materials. The apparatuses may be configured according to the desired levels of deionization for anions, cations, or both. Specifically, the present invention relates to an electrodeionization apparatus wherein an initial input port for feed to the apparatus is placed at a location such that feed enters into an anion bed at a location in close proximity to an anion membrane.

STERILE AND/OR PURIFIED FLUID AND/OR SOLUTION DELIVERY SYSTEM

One aspect of the present disclosure can include a system for dispensing purified and sterilized fluid and/or solution. The delivery system can include a fluid reservoir, a sterilization and/or purification mechanism, a solution production mechanism, a dispensing mechanism, and a controller. The system can dispense the purified and sterilized fluid and/or solution on-demand. 1. A system for on-demand delivery of one or more of a sterile fluid and a solution , comprising:a fluid source;a sterilization and/or purification mechanism in fluid communication with the fluid source, the sterilization and/or purification mechanism being configured to receive fluid from the fluid source and sterilize the received fluid;a solution production mechanism separate from and in fluid communication with the sterilization and/or purification mechanism, the solution production mechanism being configured to receive the sterile fluid from the sterilization and/or purification mechanism, the solution production mechanism being configured to selectively mix a solute with the received sterile fluid to produce a solution; anda dispensing mechanism in fluid communication with the sterilization and/or purification mechanism and the solution production mechanism and configured to dispense one or more of the sterile fluid and the solution;wherein the system is configured to deliver one or more of the sterile fluid and the solution to a desired area outside of the system after a request is made.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a controller associated with one or more of the fluid source claim 1 , the sterilization and/or purification mechanism claim 1 , the solution production mechanism claim 1 , and the dispensing mechanism claim 1 , the controller being configured to modulate at least one operating characteristic of the system.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a fluid reservoir between and in fluid communication with the fluid source and the sterilization and/or ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HIGH WATER EFFICIENCY MEMBRANE FILTRATION TREATING HARD WATER

A method for the treatment of water using reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and nano-filtration membranes wherein the permeate of the membranes is fluid connected to a feed water source via a pressurized storage buffer tank as well as to the fluid connection to use, the method comprising the steps of supplying treated water through a sanitary fully pressurized buffer tank, and supplying waste water through a recirc loop which contains recirculated concentrate and storing treated water in the buffer tank with low total dissolved solids of less than 10% of feed water, low pH of less than pH 7, and of low total organic carbon of less than 25% of feed water ensuring sanitary storage. It further includes opening a waste valve in the recirc loop which purges recirculated concentrate in order to rapidly reduce the conductivity of the water in the recirc loop. It further includes the steps of operating the waste valve such that it maintains the conductivity of the recirculated waste water in the recirc loop within a pre selected range of values and opening the waste valve when a measured conductivity setpoint is exceeded, and closing the waste valve when a measured conductivity setpoint is met. 1. A method for the treatment of water using reverse osmosis (RO) membranes and nano-filtration membranes wherein the permeate of the membranes is fluid connected to a feed water source via a pressurized storage buffer tank as well as to the fluid connection to use , the method comprising the steps;a) supplying treated water through a sanitary fully pressurized buffer tank, and supplying waste water through a recirc loop which contains recirculated concentrate;b) storing treated water in the buffer tank with low total dissolved solids of less than 10% of feed water, low pH of less than pH 7, and of low total organic carbon of less than 25% of feed water ensuring sanitary storage;c) opening a waste valve in the recirc loop which purges recirculated concentrate in order to rapidly reduce ...

Method For Controlling The Production of a Biocide

A method and apparatus for producing a biocide from a hypochlorite oxidant and an ammonium salt are provided. The method includes monitoring a control parameter to optimize the ratio between the hypochlorite oxidant and the ammonium salt. The control parameter may be oxidation-reduction potential, conductivity, induction or oxygen saturation. 161-. (canceled)62. Apparatus for producing a biocide , comprising:a reservoir containing a solution of a hypochlorite oxidant;a reservoir containing a solution of an ammonium salt having a concentration from about 15-50%;a water source;a conduit for mixing said solution of a hypochlorite oxidant solution with said water to form a hypochlorite dilution having a concentration from about 1,000 to about 20,000 ppm;a conduit for mixing said solution of an ammonium salt with a portion of said hypochlorite dilution to form an ammonium salt dilution; anda mixing chamber for mixing a portion of said hypochlorite dilution with said ammonium salt dilution to form a biocide.63. The apparatus according to claim 62 , wherein said hypochlorite oxidant is sodium hypochlorite.64. The apparatus according to claim 62 , wherein said ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium bicarbonate claim 62 , ammonium carbonate claim 62 , ammonium carbamate claim 62 , ammonium hydroxide claim 62 , ammonium sulfamate claim 62 , ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate.65. The apparatus according to claim 62 , wherein said ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium carbonate and ammonium carbamate.66. The apparatus according to claim 62 , wherein said ammonium salt dilution further comprises a base.67. The apparatus according to claim 66 , wherein said base is sodium hydroxide.68. The apparatus according to claim 62 , wherein said portion of said hypochlorite dilution mixed with said solution of an ammonium salt is about 10% to about 50% of said hypochlorite dilution.69. The apparatus according to claim 62 , further ...

Decontaminant, carbon/polymer composite, decontamination sheet member and filter medium

A filter medium of the present invention includes a porous carbon material having a value of a specific surface area by a nitrogen BET method of 1×10 2 m 2 /g or more, a volume of fine pores by a BJH method of 0.3 cm 3 /g or more, and a particle size of 75 μm or more, alternatively, a porous carbon material having a value of a specific surface area by a nitrogen BET method of 1×10 2 m 2 /g or more, a total of volumes of fine pores having a diameter of from 1×10 −9 m to 5×10 −7 m, obtained by a non-localized density functional theory method, of 1.0 cm 3 /g or more, and a particle size of 75 μm or more.

METHOD AND APPARATUS TO MONITOR AND CONTROL A WATER SYSTEM

A system for providing treated water includes a water treatment unit including an inlet water quality probe, a worker bed, a probe to measure a parameter of water from the worker bed, a polisher bed connected downstream from the worker bed and having a probe to measure a parameter of water from the polisher bed, and a flow meter upstream of the worker bed or downstream of the polisher bed. A controller in communication with the flow meter and the probes is configured to receive data from same. A remote server in communication with the local water treatment unit is configured to receive data from the local water treatment unit. The controller or the server may determine a cumulative flow total, a billing cycle flow total, a current exchange flow total, a contaminant load, or a remaining capacity of the water treatment unit. 17.-. (canceled)8. A method for providing treated water for a predetermined period of time , the method comprising:treating water in a water treatment unit during the predetermined period of time to produce treated water;during the predetermined period of time, measuring a volume of the provided treated water utilizing a sensor positioned in the water treatment unit;during the predetermined period of time, monitoring a parameter of water to be treated in the water treatment unit utilizing a water quality sensor positioned in the water treatment unit;calculating a difference between the measured volume of the provided treated water during the predetermined period of time and a baseline volume of treated water to be provided during the predetermined period of time; anddetermining a fee adjustment for providing the treated water based on the calculated difference between the measured volume of the provided treated water and the baseline volume of treated water to be provided.9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising predicting a remaining service life of the water treatment unit based on at least one of the measured volume of the provided treated ...

MIXING DEVICE

The invention generally relates to a mixing device. In certain embodiments, devices of the invention include a fluidic inlet, a fluidic outlet, and a chamber, the chamber being configured to produce a plurality of fluidic vortexes within the chamber. 1. A mixing device comprising:a chamber made of an inert material, the chamber comprising a plurality of members spaced apart to form sub-chambers, each member comprising an aperture configured to produce a fluidic vortex in a fluid flowing therethrough; anda sensor for measuring a quality of the fluid.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the members are fixed within the chamber parallel to each other.3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein a fluidic vortex is produced within each sub-chamber.4. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the apertures all have the same diameter.5. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the apertures have different diameters.6. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the apertures are about 6 mm in diameter.7. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the apertures are located within different places of the members.8. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the apertures are located in a top portion of the members.9. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the apertures are located in a bottom portion of the members.10. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the apertures are located in a middle portion of the members.11. The device according to claim 2 , wherein adjacent members have apertures within opposite portions of the members.12. The mixing device of claim 1 , wherein the quality measured by the sensor is pH claim 1 , conductivity claim 1 , or a concentration of the fluid.13. The mixing device of claim 1 , further comprising an injection port configured to inject a reagent into the flowing fluid.14. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the chamber comprises four members claim 2 , a first member having an aperture located in a top portion of the first ...

INTELLIGENT FLUID FILTRATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

A filtration system can comprise a pressure pump configured to apply a pressure on fluid flowing between a first chamber and a second chamber. The filtration system can also comprise a flow sensor configured to determine at least one parameter associated with fluid flowing across a membrane deposited between the first chamber and a second chamber. The filtration system can comprise a pressure sensor configured to determine pressure readings of the fluid flowing from the first chamber to the second chamber. The filtration system can comprise a filtration management system configured to cause the pressure pump to apply a constant pressure on fluid flowing across the membrane for a first predetermined time based on the pressure reading. The filtration management system can be configured to cause the pressure pump to reverse the fluid flow across the membrane. 1. A method comprising:monitoring, during a current filtration cycle, one or more parameters associated with one or more membranes of a filtration system;determining, during the current filtration cycle, that a flux decline rate for the current filtration cycle is greater than a flux decline rate for a previous filtration cycle based on the monitored one or more parameters; andperforming one or more maintenance procedures based on a determination that the flux decline rate for the current filtration cycle is greater than a flux decline rate for a previous filtration cycle.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein monitoring is performed as an average of the filtration system or by monitoring local performance parameters within the filtration system to detect spatial variability in individual fouling of at least one of the one or more membranes.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more parameters being monitored comprise one or more of a transfilter pressure drop claim 1 , a filtrate flow rate claim 1 , a filtrate turbidity claim 1 , a filtrate salinity claim 1 , a filtrate pH claim 1 , a filtrate color claim 1 , ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

An oxidant production apparatus comprises an electrochemical reactant reservoir, an electrolysis compartment, a porous first electrode and a second electrode. The porous first electrode defines a boundary between the reservoir and the electrolysis compartment and is configured to allow an electrochemical reactant to pass from the reservoir, through the first electrode and into the electrolysis compartment. The second electrode disposed at least substantially in the electrolysis compartment and spaced apart from the first electrode. The apparatus is configured to produce an oxidant in an electrochemical reaction when a voltage is applied across the first and second electrodes and a current is passed through the first and second electrodes and an electrolyte disposed in the electrolysis compartment. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the first electrode comprises a pore size of between 0.01 μm and 5000 μm and/or wherein the first electrode comprises a sintered metal having a mean flow pore (MFP) of between 0.1 μm and 100 μm.3. (canceled)4. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the reservoir is configured to allow a user access thereto.5. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolysis compartment comprises an outlet configured to allow the liquid to flow out of the electrolysis compartment claim 1 , optionally wherein the apparatus is configured to conduct batch or semi-batch electrochemical reactions claim 1 , and the outlet comprises a non-return valve claim 1 , a check valve or a solenoid valve.6. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the reservoir defines an open top claim 1 , and the cell is configured to be positioned claim 1 , in use claim 1 , to allow a liquid to flow into the reservoir.7. An apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises an inlet configured to allow the flow of a liquid into the apparatus claim 1 , optionally where the inlet is configured to cause the liquid to flow directly into the ...

OFF-LINE BYPASS LOOP ARRANGEMENT FOR A WATER RECYCLING DEVICE

The present invention provides a method for measuring one or more parameters in a water flow in a device intended for recycling of water, said method including directing part of the water flow to a liquid-stagnant space where the measuring is performed. The present invention is also directed to a device intended for recycling of water, said device including a flow path for recycled water, a fresh water inlet, a recirculation water inlet and a recirculation water outlet, a user outlet, a heater and a filter, and wherein the device also includes an off-line bypass loop arrangement which includes a liquid-stagnant space and which off-line bypass loop arrangement also includes one or more sensors enabling measuring in the off-line bypass loop arrangement. 1. A method for measuring one or more parameters in a water flow in a device intended for recycling of water , said method comprising directing part of the water flow to a liquid-stagnant space where the measuring is performed.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid-stagnant place is arranged as an off-line bypass loop arrangement comprising a quality measuring cell in the device intended for recycling of water.3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of directing part of the water flow to a liquid-stagnant space is performed cyclically.4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the measuring is performed on one or more of the parameters turbidity claim 1 , conductivity claim 1 , pH value claim 1 , ultrasound and microbiological activity.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein measuring is performed on at least turbidity.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein measuring is performed on turbidity claim 1 , wherein a reference value is set as a start by measuring penetrated light through fresh water claim 1 , and this is used as a reference claim 1 , and wherein the turbidity then is measured by comparing liquid light penetration with reference claim 1 , and as such enabling to ...

WATER TREATMENT DEVICE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION METHOD AND WATER TREATMENT DEVICE

A method for evaluating the performance of a water treatment device having a plurality of main vessels arranged in parallel to each other and having a reverse osmosis membrane for separating water to be treated into concentrated water and permeable water, the method including a specifying step of specifying a main vessel having a highest concentration rate among the plurality of main vessels as a target vessel, and a detecting step of detecting an index of the precipitation ease of scale in the water to be detected having a concentration corresponding to a concentration of concentrated water discharged from the target vessel. 1. A method for evaluating the performance of a water treatment device including a plurality of main vessels arranged in parallel to each other and having a reverse osmosis membrane configured to separate water to be treated into concentrated water and permeable water , the method comprising:a specifying step of specifying a main vessel having the highest concentration rate among the plurality of main vessels as a target vessel; anda detecting step of detecting an index of precipitation ease of scale in water to be detected having a concentration corresponding to a concentration of the concentrated water discharged from the target vessel.2. The method for evaluating the performance of the water treatment device according to claim 1 , wherein the water to be detected is concentrated water discharged from the target vessel.3. The method for evaluating the performance of the water treatment device according to claim 1 , further comprising:a re-concentration step of re-concentrating the concentrated water which is discharged from the plurality of main vessels and mixed,wherein the water to be detected is re-concentrated water obtained in the re-concentration step.4. The method for evaluating the performance of the water treatment device according to claim 3 , wherein claim 3 , in the re-concentration step claim 3 , the concentration of the re- ...

METHOD FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER

A method for electrochemical treatment of water is provided. The method includes providing a flow-through reactor including a cathode and an anode, wherein the anode includes about 80 weight percent or greater of a sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide. The method further includes applying power to the cathode and the anode, passing a solution including water and a metal chloride through the flow-through reactor, and withdrawing the purified water. 1. A flow-through electrochemical reactor comprising:a hollow reactor shell having an internal wall, a fluid inlet for providing fluid to an interior of the hollow reactor shell, and a fluid outlet for withdrawing fluid from the flow-through reactor;a hollow anode disposed within the hollow reactor shell;a cylindrical cathode disposed substantially parallel to and concentrically outside the anode;a solution flow path being formed between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, the solution flow path extending from the fluid inlet, into a space between the anode and the cylindrical cathode, and to the fluid outlet.2. The flow-through electrochemical reactor of claim 1 , wherein the anode comprises sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide.3. The flow-through electrochemical reactor of claim 1 , wherein the anode is porous.4. The flow-through electrochemical reactor of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises one or more of sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide claim 1 , titanium claim 1 , stainless steel claim 1 , aluminum claim 1 , nickel claim 1 , or copper.5. The flow-through electrochemical reactor of claim 1 , wherein the cathode is porous or a mesh.6. The flow-through electrochemical reactor of claim 1 , wherein one of the anode and the cathode comprises a reactive electrochemical membrane.7. The flow-through electrochemical reactor of claim 1 , further comprising one of a pre-filter or a post-filter.8. The flow-through electrochemical reactor of claim 1 , further comprising a tubal member disposed inside the hollow reactor shell claim ...

Water Vapor Distillation Apparatus, Method and Systems

A fluid vapor distillation system. The system includes a control system for controlling a fluid vapor distillation apparatus including a blow down controller for controlling a blow down valve, a source flow controller for controlling a source flow valve, and a blow down level sensor in communication with a blow down controller and a source flow controller, the blow down level sensor sends signals related to the blow down level to the blow down controller and the source flow controller indicative of the blow down level, wherein the source flow controller actuates the source flow valve based at least on the blow down level sensor signals, and wherein the blow down controller actuates the blow down valve based at least on the blow down level sensor signals, whereby the blow down level and the source flow level are maintained using the blow down level sensor signals as input. 120-. (canceled)21. A fluid vapor distillation apparatus comprising:a source water input;a product water output;a compressor receiving water vapor and producing compressed vapor; an evaporator that receives source water, the evaporator transforms source water to water vapor and concentrate liquid;', 'a steam chest that receives concentrate liquid and water vapor and provides water vapor to the compressor; and', 'a condenser that receives compressed vapor from the compressor, the condenser transforming the compressed vapor to product water;, 'an evaporator condenser apparatus comprising;'} an outer tube fluidly connected to the source water input and the evaporator;', 'at least one inner tube fluidly connected to the evaporator condenser apparatus; and', 'a first end and a second end; and, 'a heat exchanger comprising a first portion physically connected to the outer tube, the first portion having a first port fluidly connected to the inside of the outer tube and a seal to the outer surface of the at least one inner tube;', 'a second portion having a second port fluidly connected to the inside of ...

Potential of Zero charge-Based Capacitive Deionization

The invention is a capacitive, aka electrostatic, deionization apparatus and method that solves the problem of short lifetime of conventional capacitive deionization (CDI) and of membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) devices and methods by shifting the Potential of Zero Charge of electrode surfaces through surface modifications. Such electrode surface modifications provide very long lifetime capacitive deionization devices and methods.

Method and apparatus for assessing a state of fouling of a reverse osmosis system

A method for assessing a state of fouling of a reverse osmosis system is provided. The method comprises deriving a plurality of impedance values from a low frequency region of an electrical impedance spectrum of a reverse osmosis membrane comprised in the reverse osmosis system, and determining a state of fouling of the reverse osmosis system based on 10 the plurality of derived impedance values. Use of the method for in-situ monitoring of fouling on a reverse osmosis membrane, and an apparatus for assessing a state of fouling of a reverse osmosis system are also provided.

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING WATER PURIFICATION, AND A WATER PURIFICATION APPARATUS

A method for controlling water purification, and a water purification apparatus (). The apparatus () comprises a reverse osmosis membrane () configured to receive feed water from a feed pump (), and to produce permeate water and reject water. The method comprises measuring (S) a property indicative of an inlet water quality Cof inlet water to the feed pump (), and determining (S) a target recovery for the water purification based on the property indicative of the inlet water quality. The method further comprises controlling (S) a feed pump speed to a predetermined speed, or to a speed determined based on a relation between the feed pump speed, the inlet water quality Cand a target permeate water quality C, based on the inlet water quality. The method comprises measuring (S) a property indicative of a product water flow rate Q, wherein the product water is permeate water that is delivered for consumption, recirculating (S) a first portion of the reject water, and controlling (S) a drain flow rate Qto drain, from a second portion of the reject water, to accomplish the target recovery based on the product water flow rate Q. 122-. (canceled)23. A method for controlling water purification of a water purification apparatus to provide a stable permeate conductivity , the apparatus comprising a reverse osmosis membrane configured to receive feed water from a feed pump , and to produce permeate water and reject water , the method comprising:measuring a conductivity indicative of an inlet water conductivity of inlet water to the feed pump;determining a target recovery for the water purification based on the conductivity indicative of the inlet water conductivity, wherein the target recovery defines a target ratio for product water flow rate to inlet water flow rate, and wherein the inlet water flow rate is determined as the sum of product water flow rate and drain flow rate;controlling a feed pump speed, based on the inlet water conductivity, to either (i) a predetermined ...

WAREWASHER AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A WAREWASHER

A warewasher has at least one treatment system comprising a jet system () with at least one jet for spraying treatment liquid onto the items within at least one treatment zone (), a fresh water system and a control device (), wherein the fresh water system has at least one water feed (), with at least one fresh water inlet () for the introduction of fresh water into the at least one treatment zone () as well as a controllable capacitive deionization unit (), wherein the at least one cell () is designed to be operated in a deionization mode and in at least one further operating mode, wherein the control device () is designed to change the operating mode of the at least one cell () in accordance with at least one operating parameter of the warewasher. 1. A warewasher having at least one treatment system comprising a jet system with at least one jet for spraying treatment liquid onto the items to be cleaned within at least one treatment zone , a fresh water system and a control device , wherein the fresh water system has at least one water feed , at least one fresh water inlet for the introduction of fresh water into the at least one treatment system of the at least one treatment zone as well as a controllable capacitive deionization unit connected on the input side to the at least one water feed and connected on the output side to the at least one fresh water inlet and having at least one cell , wherein the at least one cell of the capacitive deionization unit is designed to be operated in a deionization mode and in at least one further operating mode , wherein the control device is designed to change the operating mode of the at least one cell of the capacitive deionization unit in accordance with at least one operating parameter of the warewasher.2. Warewasher according to claim 1 , wherein the fresh water system further has at least one buffer store and at least one fresh water pump between the capacitive deionization unit and the at least one fresh water inlet.3. ...