ОБЛУЧАЮЩЕЕ УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ГЕНЕРАЦИИ УЛЬТРАФИОЛЕТОВОГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ, А ТАКЖЕ СПОСОБ ЕГО ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение к облучающему устройству для генерации ультрафиолетового излучения. Технический результат изобретения заключается в увеличении срока эксплуатации облучающего устройства. Облучающее устройство для генерации ультрафиолетового излучения используют в частности при переработке пищевых продуктов или при подготовке воды. Устройство включает ультрафиолетовый облучатель, имеющий трубку облучателя из кварцевого стекла, или окруженный цилиндрической защитной трубкой из кварцевого стекла ультрафиолетовый облучатель, имеющий трубку облучателя из кварцевого стекла. На трубку облучателя и/или защитную трубку нанесено грязе- и водоотталкивающее покрытие в виде спиртовой дисперсии, содержащей наночастицы диоксида титана и от 20 объемн. % до 60 объемн. % этанола. 2 н. и 7 з.п. ф-лы, 2 ил., 3 табл.

СПОСОБ ОЧИСТКИ ВОДЫ ОТ РАСТВОРЕННЫХ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ВЕЩЕСТВ

Изобретение относится к способам очистки воды от растворенных органических веществ и может быть использовано для очистки природных и сточных вод, а также при водоподготовке. Способ включает одновременное осуществление стадий приведения раствора органических веществ в воде в контакт с полупроводниковым фотокатализатором, облучения ультрафиолетом и отделения очищенной воды от фотокатализатора путем фильтрации раствора через пористую мембрану. Фильтрацию проводят через пористые мембраны динамического или керамического типов из полупроводникового материала. Для интенсификации процесса используют активные окислители: кислород, или перекись водорода, или озон, причем газофазные окислители могут подаваться через газопроницаемую водонепроницаемую мембрану. Предложенный способ обеспечивает быструю и полную очистку воды от растворенных органических примесей, в том числе токсичных и трудноразлагаемых хлорированных веществ. 8 з.п. ф-лы, 1 табл., 1 ил.

СПОСОБЫ И СИСТЕМА ОБРАБОТКИ УФ ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕМ

... 1. Способ, включающий следующее:получают текучую среду для обработки, характеризующуюся первой численностью микроорганизмов в результате присутствия, по меньшей мере, множества микроорганизмов в текучей среде;к текучей среде для обработки добавляют средство, снижающее вирулентность микроорганизмов;текучую среду для обработки помещают в систему обработки УФ излучением, имеющую в своем составе источник УФ излучения, с тем, чтобы образовывалось множество свободных радикалов при помощи средства, снижающего вирулентность микроорганизмов;обеспечивают возможность взаимодействия свободных радикалов с микроорганизмами в текучей среде с целью уменьшения численности микроорганизмов в текучей среде для обработки до второй численности микроорганизмов;размещают текучую среду для обработки, характеризующуюся второй численностью микроорганизмов, в подземном пласте.2. Способ по п.1, в котором текучая среда для обработки представляет собой буровой раствор, текучую среду для гидроразрыва пласта, тампонажный ...

ANTIMIKROBIELLES FESTSTOFFMATERIAL,VERFAHREN ZU SEINER HERSTELLUNG UND VERWENDUNG

Molybdänhaltiger quaternärer Katalysator für die effiziente photokatalytische Wasserspaltung, dessen Herstellverfahren sowie Verwendung

Edelmetallfreier, quaternärer Katalysator umfassend auf einem n-halbleitenden Material abgeschiedenes Molybdänoxid, Chromoxid und Kupferoxid, wobei der Katalysator eine Molybdänbeladung von 0,1 bis 2,5 Gew.-%, eine Chrombeladung von 0,2 bis 1,5 Gew.-% und eine Kupferbeladung von 0,2 bis 1,5 Gew.-%, jeweils bezogen auf den gesamten Katalysator, aufweist.

Modifizierbarer UV-Rohrreaktor

Die Erfindung betrifft einen modifizierbaren UV-Rohrreaktor (M-UV-Rohrreaktor) in dreiteiliger Bauausführung. Hauptanwendung: Oxidation, Sekundäranwendungen: UV-Bestrahlung, Desinfektion Der Reaktorfuß und der Reaktorkopf sind für die Aufnahme von UV-C/UV-B/UV-A Strahlern unterschiedlicher Längen und Leistungen von < 0,5 kW bis > 10 kW konzipiert. Das austauschbare Reaktorrohr ist aus innenverzahnten Ringelementen aufgebaut und in der Baulänge variabel. In der Reaktorkammer werden durch die Zahngeometrie der Ringelemente radiale Wendelströmungen, Dean-Wirbelströmungen, turbulente Strömungen und/oder über die Reaktorlängsachse oszillierende Strömungen erzeugt. Durch diese optimierte Fluiddurchmischung in der gesamten Reaktorkammer werden sowohl der UV-Quelle wie auch der Reaktorinnenwandung sich ständig neu gestaltende Fluid-Oberflächen dargeboten. Die Ausbildung von Strömungskanälen ist durch die Geometrie der Reaktorkammer ausgeschlossen. In der Hauptanwendung Oxidation sowie der Bestrahlung ...

Device for generation of ion network for water treatment in tanks to reduce cloud and to stabilize water surfaces, comprises electrochemical and/or photocatalytic source arranged in a channel of jet in an ejector, and an ejector deflector

The device comprises an electrochemical and/or photocatalytic source arranged in a channel (2) of a jet in an ejector, an ejector deflector (4) arranged at sides of the jet, and an aerosol deflector (5) arranged behind the jet, where the device is arranged on a floating body (1) that is equipped with a drive for initiation of mutual motion of the floating body and water while the floating body is equipped with the ejector. The floating body is equipped with a source of electrolytically and/or photocatalytically treated water connected with an outlet (9). The device comprises an electrochemical and/or photocatalytic source arranged in a channel (2) of a jet in an ejector, an ejector deflector (4) arranged at sides of the jet, and an aerosol deflector (5) arranged behind the jet, where the device is arranged on a floating body (1) that is equipped with a drive for initiation of mutual motion of the floating body and water while the floating body is equipped with the ejector. The floating ...

Cleaning water containing volatile organic compounds, comprises continuously/discontinuously guiding water into first circuit having a column to strip compounds from first circuit, and transporting stripped compounds into second circuit

The process for cleaning water containing volatile organic compounds, comprises continuously or discontinuously guiding the water into a first circuit, which has a column for stripping the compounds from the first circuit, and transporting the stripped compounds into a second circuit, which has a washing column for dissolving/emulsifying/dispersing the compounds in water or contains solvent/emulsifying agent/dispersing agent, photocatalysts and radiation source for the degradation of the compounds. The first and/or second circuits comprise a closed system. The process for cleaning water containing volatile organic compounds, comprises continuously or discontinuously guiding the water into a first circuit, which has a column for stripping the compounds from the first circuit, and transporting the stripped compounds into a second circuit, which has a washing column for dissolving/emulsifying/dispersing the compounds in water or contains solvent/emulsifying agent/dispersing agent, photocatalysts ...

Combined photocatalytic and ultrasonic degradation of orgainc contaminants

Treatment of aqueous liquid containing organic contaminants comprises contacting the liquid with a material comprising a semiconductor photocatalyst loaded on a molecular sieve material, irradiating the liquid to cause photocatalysis and simultaneous exposure to ultrasound energy. The semiconductor photocatalyst is preferably a titania, and the molecular sieve material may be mesoporous and/or a zeolite. Zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, iron oxide, gallium phosphide, tin oxide and tungsten oxide may also be used a photocatalysts. Composite photocatalysts and processes for their preparation are also described.

Fluid treatment apparatus

Apparatus and method for water treatment

Treating thin film with uv radiation

TIO2 MATERIAL THAT IS ABSORBENT IN THE VISIBLE RANGE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

Modular portable water purification unit

TIO2 MATERIAL THAT IS ABSORBENT IN THE VISIBLE RANGE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

TIO2 MATERIAL THAT IS ABSORBENT IN THE VISIBLE RANGE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

Modular portable water purification unit

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE CLEANING OF WATER BY PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION

REACTOR AND PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF FLUIDS BY PHOTO CATALYSTS, WHICH ARE COUPLED WITH PHOSPHORESCING SOLIDS

REFLECTING LAMP FOR THE MAXIMIZATION OF THE LIGHT DELIVERY TO A PHOTOACTIVE CATALYST

PROCEDURE FOR THE OXIDATION OF ORGANIC MATERIALS IN WATER OF MEANS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDES UNDER IRRADIATION

TREATMENT OF POLLUTED WASTE WATER AND BODENWÄSSERN.

IMMOBILIZED PHOTO CATALYST

PHOTO-CATALYTIC PROCEDURE

Hydraulic conveyor of floating objects equipped with a device for sanitizing conveying composition, plant equipped with such a conveyor and sanitizing process

The invention relates to a hydraulic conveyor of floating objects selected from the group formed of fruits and vegetables, of the type having recirculation of a composition, referred to as conveying composition, liquid for conveying the floating objects, said hydraulic conveyor being equipped with at least one device for sanitizing said conveying composition; characterized in that at least one sanitizing device comprises: - at least one irradiation device positioned in order to be able to irradiate a composition, referred to as composition to be sanitized, formed by mixing at least one portion of said conveying composition and an amount of a composition, referred to as a photoreactive composition, comprising at least one photosensitive compound selected in order to be able to form, under the effect of an irradiation by at least one irradiation device, at least one compound, referred to as active compound, suitable for making it possible to convert, by chemical reaction, at least one pollutant ...

Method and a composite for mercury capture from fluid streams

Photocatalyst and method for production

The present invention relates generally to methods for producing modified titanium dioxide based photocatalysts via a sol-gel process. The present invention also relates to photocatalysts produced according to the methods of the invention and uses of the photocatalysts for the degradation of contaminants in samples.

MATERIALS AND METHODS FOR PHOTOCATALYZING OXIDATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON WATER

METHOD AND PLANT FOR TREATING WATER IN ORDER TO REDUCE ITS ENDOCRINE EFFECT BY MEANS OF A LIVING ORGANISM

Method for treating water to be treated in order to reduce its content in pollutants liable to introduce an endocrine disrupting effect and/or a toxic and/or genotoxic effect, said method 5 comprising: - a step of adsorption in which said water to be treated is brought into contact with a quantity of at least one adsorbent reagent producing a mixture of water and adsorbent reagent; - a step of liquid-solid separation of said mixture producing treated water and sludge. According to the invention, said step of adsorption is preceded and/or said step of liquid .0 solid separation is followed by a step for bringing said water to be treated and/or said treated water respectively into contact with at least one living aquatic organism, the value of at least one property of said living organism being correlated with a concentration in said pollutants of said water to be treated and/or said treated water; said method further comprising: 15 - a step for continuously evaluating the value of said property ...

UV apparatus

UV apparatus comprises a tube (1) of UV transparent material, at least one UV lamp (5) provided externally of the tube so as to emit UV light towards the tube, and a core (3) extending in an axial direction within the tube and configured to create turbulent flow in a liquid passing through the tube. A photocatalyst is provided on at least one surface of the core and is responsive to UV light emitted by the lamp to generate free radicals in liquid passing through the tube.

Development of solar driven photocatalyst and its application in degradation of organic pollutants

Development of solar driven photocatalyst and its application in degradation of organic pollutants Abstract In this project, core-shell CdS@SnO2 particles have been prepared by Successive Ion Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) method. CdS is a well known low band gap semiconductor (of band gap ~ 2.4eV) and can thus harvest visible light of wavelength up to 520nm of the solar radiation. In our present work, we have implemented SILAR method with slight modification to coat thin CdS layer over fine SnO 2 particles to obtain core-shell CdS@SnO 2 particles. The SILAR method, which is usually used for the deposition of binary semiconducting thin films, has some advantage over other preparative methods, for example, this is a facile, less expensive and less time consuming technique, and it provides the provision to control the thickness of the film by adjusting the number of cycle of coating. In the present synthetic approach, fine SnO 2 powder has been prepared by hydrothermal method initially ...

INTERNAL UV TREATMENT OF POTABLE WATER SYSTEMS

A disinfectant treatment for self-contained potable water systems. A lamp or lamps (50) within the interior of at least one component system in which water is resident. During operation of the system. As the water tank (12), water heater (38), water filter, or other component which holds a volume of water.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COMBINED PHOTOCATALYTIC AND ELECTROCHEMICAL WASTEWATER REMEDIATION

The present invention utilizes the marriage of photocatalytic degradation and electrochemical oxidation to provide wastewater remediation and water purification based on the use of bifunctional electrodes. The bifunctional electrode provides for combined photocatalytic and electrochemical wastewater remediation for removing any one or combination of organic chemical pollutants, inorganic chemical pollutants and microorganisms. The electrode includes an electronically conducting substrate having a photocatalyst applied to a portion of the surface, the photocatalyst having a bandgap energy (E9), and an electrocatalyst applied to another portion of the surface. Under illumination the photocatalyst produces electron-hole pairs which are separated by an anodic bias potential applied across the photocatalyst. The same bias is applied across the electrocatalyst. The application of the anodic potential bias not only greatly enhances the performance of the photocatalyst for photooxidation of pollutants ...

TRANSITIONAL METAL OXIDE NANOCRYSTAL-COATED MESOPOROUS MICROSTRUCTURES, USES THEREFOR, AND PROCESSES FOR MAKING SAME

Transitional metal oxide-coated mesoporous microstructures, uses therefor, and processes for making same are provided. The transitional metal oxide-coated mesoporous microstructures can be silica based, including MCM-41, MCM-45, MCM-48, SBA-15 and SBA-16. The microstructures can include microspheres. The mesoporous microstructures can be produced using a sol-gel process wherein the crystallization step in the sol-gel process is carried out at a low temperature, where the temperature can be 22°C for example. The metal oxide can be titanium dioxide. The titanium dioxide can include titanium dioxide nanocrystals. The transitional metal oxide-coated mesoporous microstructures can be used in environmental applications, such as nanofiltration of contaminated water to remove pollutants.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL FOAM PHOTOCATALYSTS STRUCTURED WITH CARBON OR CARBONATED MATERIAL

L'invention concerne un photocatalyseur comportant une mousse alvéolaire sélectionné parmi la mousse de carbone et la mousse d'un matériau carboné, tel qu'un polymère, et une phase photocatalytiquement active, déposée directement sur ladite mousse alvéolaire ou sur une phase intermédiaire déposée sur ladite mousse alvéolaire. La taille moyenne des alvéoles est comprise entre 2500 µm et 5000 µm. La mousse peut comporter des nanotubes ou nanofibres (notamment en TiO2).

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PHOTOCATALYTIC TREATMENT OF CONTAMINATED MEDIA

A system for treating contaminated media including air, soil or adsorbents i s provided. In the process, contaminants are removed from the media using a photocatalytic process operating in an aqueous phase. The system comprises a converter such as gas scrubber (204) or adsorbent system to transfer contaminants from the contaminated media int o a solvent such as water stream and a photocatalytic system (218) comprising photocatalyst slurry coupled to the converter.

ФОТОКАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ РЕАКТОР

В изобретении предложен фотокаталитический реактор (1) для осуществления фотокаталитической реакции в подлежащей обработке жидкости, причем реактор содержит реакционную камеру (2), которая содержит: (i) перфорированный элемент (10), который поддерживает множество подвижных частиц фотокатализатора, размер и плотность которых таковы, что при работе реактора они стремятся остаться на перфорированном элементе (10); и (ii) устройство (14, 16, 18) аэрации, которое побуждает газовые пузырьки подниматься от перфорированного элемента и перемешивать подвижные частицы фотокатализатора. Реактором может быть проточный реактор. Фотокаталитический реактор может быть использован для очистки сточных вод с использованием диоксида титана.

Preparation method of lawn semisubmersibly suspended in water and used for treatment of black and odorous river branches

Method for preparing N-doped nano flower-shaped TiO2 photocatalysis material by taking carbonized lotus leaf as substrate

Magnetic metal organogel loaded silver phosphate composite photocatalyst, and preparation method and applications thereof

Method for treating antibiotic wastewater by using graphdiyne modified silver phosphate composite photocatalyst

BiVO4/AgIO3 heterojunction nanometer photocatalytic material, preparation method and applications thereof

Method used for catalytic degradation of arylamine waste water using photocatalysis material

A meso-porous composite titanium - tin photocatalyst and its preparation method

Preparation method and application of nitrogen-doped nano silica photocatalyst

Low-pressure catalytic oxidation reactor

Composite visible-light photocatalyst Ag2CO3/TiO2/UIO-66-(COOH)2 and application thereof in degradation of organic matter

Preparation and application of powdered catalytic material and sodium montmorillonite-containing composite porous nano catalytic material

Composite with adsorption-visible light catalytic degradation synergistic effect and preparation method and application thereof

Preparation method and application of zinc ferrite magnetic photocatalyst

Preparation method of mesoporous titanium dioxide material responding to visible light

Magnetic composite nanometer structure titanium dioxide photocatalyst, and preparation method thereof

Precious metal Pt modified BiOI photocatalyst and preparation and application thereof

In-situ conversion method for synthesizing flower ball Bi

Separation membrane for efficiently treating sewage and preparation method thereof

Magnoite nano composite ZnO/material with magnetic chitosan/as well as preparation method thereof

Method for reducing Cr(VI) based on catalyst photocatalysis

PROCEEDED OF TREATMENT OF LIQUIDS POLLUTE BY PHOTOCATALYSIS AND DEVICES MAKING APPLICATION

PROCESS OF LIQUID WASTE PROCESSING LOADS AND INSTALLATION FOR the MISEEN WORKS OF the PROCESS

PHOTOCATALYSEURS CONTAINING FOAMS TRIDIMENTIONNELLES STRUCTUREES OUT OF CARBIDE AND IN PARTICULAR IN BETA-SIC

DEVICE AND PROCESS FOR the ELIMINATION Of ONE COMPOSE CONTINUOUS IN a FLUID.

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'élimination d'au moins un composé contenu dans un fluide, comprenant un système de rayonnement UV, au moins un compartiment Ci contenant un matériau photocatalytique susceptible d'être insolé par ledit système de rayonnement UV, des moyens pour amener ledit fluide dans ledit au moins un compartiment C1, au moins un compartiment C2 distinct dudit au moins un compartiment C1, permettant de récupérer ledit fluide après élimination dudit composé, des moyens pour amener un fluide contenant de l'oxygène dans au moins un compartiment C2 et une membrane séparant lesdits compartiments C1 et C2 et permettant le passage d'au moins un fluide. La présente invention concerne également un procédé d'élimination d'au moins un composé contenu dans un fluide utilisant un tel dispositif.

Photocatalytic water treatment process

Procédé de traitement d'eau contenant des micropolluants organiques et des microorganismes, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue une photocatalyse sur une couche mince d'eau formée sur une surface sur laquelle on a préalablement fixé une couche mince de photocatalyseur, en présence d'un rayonnement UV dirigé sur la couche mince d'eau.

WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM USING PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION METHOD

회전형 광전기 화학 반응기

... 본 발명은 회전형 광전기 화학 반응기에 관한 것으로서, 더욱 상세하게는 전기 에너지를 이용하여 광화학 반응이 효과적으로 이루어지게 하고, 광화학 반응에 영향을 미치는 요소를 최적화하여 오염 물질 분해능을 향상시킨 회전형 광전기 화학 반응기에 관한 것이다.

탄소 및 질소가 도핑된 이산화티타늄, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 광촉매

... 본 발명은 탄소 및 질소가 도핑된 이산화티타늄, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 사용한 광촉매에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 이산화티타늄은 탄소 및 질소가 동시에 도핑되어 있고, 아나타제 및 티타네이트 결정형의 이산화티타늄을 포함함으로써, 밴드갭 에너지 차이를 줄여 가시광 조사 시에도 우수한 광촉매 활성을 나타낼 뿐만 아니라 다공성의 특징을 가져 흡착성도 우수한 탄소 및 질소가 도핑된 이산화티타늄 및 이를 제조하는 방법 및 이를 이용한 광촉매를 제공한다.

FLUID TREATMENT DEVICE FOR A PIPING SYSTEM WITH IMPROVED ASSEMBILITY

PURPOSE: A fluid treatment device for a piping system is provided to easily guide fluid flowing along the inner surface of a reaction space of a housing and to easily sterilize and deodorize the fluid. CONSTITUTION: A fluid treatment device for a piping system is composed of a housing(10), a zinc reaction member(30), separating rings(50), a convex part(70), and protruded parts(90). The housing is composed of an inlet(110), an outlet(130), and a reaction space(150). The zinc reaction member is arranged inside the reaction space. The separating rings are inserted between the inner surface of the reaction space and the zinc reaction member, and separate the zinc reaction member from the reaction space. The protruded part is formed in the outlet of the housing and guides fluid flowing along the inner surface of the reaction space toward the convex part. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2011 ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING REACTIVE OXIDIZING SPECIES

A method and apparatus for producing Reactive Oxidizing Species (ROS) used to purity air, soil, and water is described.

PHOTOCATALYST-SUPPORTING STRUCTURE

Disclosed is a photocatalyst-supporting structure which is reduced in crack generation and interference colors. Specifically disclosed is a photocatalyst-supporting structure having an intermediate layer and a photocatalyst layer on a carrier. This photocatalyst-supporting structure is characterized in that the intermediate layer is mainly composed of a resin, while containing 1-35% by mass of a zirconium compound relative to the total mass of the intermediate layer, and that a coating layer after 3 months outdoor exposure has a haze of not more than 3%, and a difference of not more than 5% between the maximum value and the minimum value of the spectral reflectance at light wavelength of 380-800 nm. An amorphous zirconium oxide having a particle diameter of 10-30 nm is preferable as the zirconium compound.

UV APPARATUS

UV apparatus comprises a tube (1) of UV transparent material, at least one UV lamp (5) provided externally of the tube so as to emit UV light towards the tube, and a core (3) extending in an axial direction within the tube and configured to create turbulent flow in a liquid passing through the tube. A photocatalyst is provided on at least one surface of the core and is responsive to UV light emitted by the lamp to generate free radicals in liquid passing through the tube.

DEVICE FOR PURIFYING WATER

The invention relates to a device (2) for purifying water (6, 9) contaminated with organic substances, that is drained or collected from filters, especially fuel filters (4) or elements of a fuel system. Said device is characterised in that hydroxyl radicals are formed from the water (6, 9) by means of a separating device (8), said hydroxyl radicals oxidising the impurities, especially organic substances, as much as possible, and converting them into compounds such as CO2.

METHODS FOR TREATMENT OF ORGANIC MATTER IN LIQUID

A method for treating organic matter in a liquid includes transporting the liquid through a gas-permeable, liquid-impermeable conveyance member and exposing the liquid to an organic matter treatment agent while the liquid is disposed in the conveyance member. The method further includes removing one or more product gases from the liquid through a wall of the conveyance member, with the one or more product gases being disposed in the liquid as a consequence of the treatment of the organic matter by the treatment agent.

SUSPENSIONS OF SURFACE TREATED TITANIUM (IV) OXIDES AND PROCESSES FOR MAKING THEM

The disclosure relates to a process for making a surface treated suspension of finely divided titanium (IV) oxide particles, typically, finely divided titanium (IV) oxide nanoparticles, comprising: vigorously mixing (a) a volume of a first component comprising a major proportion of alcohol, a minor proportion of titanium alkoxide and a minor proportion of a titanium alkoxide activator selected from the group consisting of water and a first aqueous base, and (b) a volume of a second component selected from the group consisting of water and a second aqueous base, at least one of the first component or the second component having a base therein, the second component being substantially free of alcohol, to form a mixture comprising a suspension of finely divided titanium (IV) oxide particle, the mixture having a water to titanium molar ratio ranging from about 40 to about 1 to about 5000 to about 1, wherein the proportion of the titanium alkoxide, the proportion of the activator, the mixing ...

ACCELERATED METHODS OF OXIDIZING ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN AQUEOUS MEDIUMS USING CORONA INDUCED REACTIONS AND PARTICLES THEREWITH

Novel accelerated methods involving corona discharge, and preferably pulsed streamer high voltage corona discharge, in combination with an effective amount of suitable particles to break down organic contaminants, such as phenol and phenol red, in aqueous mediums are disclosed. More particularly, it has been discovered that the addition of an effective amount of suitable particles to the aqueous phase of a corona reactor greatly affects the properties of the corona discharge, i.e., streamer length, intensity, number of streamers and sparkover voltage, thereby significantly increasing the breakdown voltage (i.e., the maximum voltage prior to sparkover), so that the removal of organic contaminants may be accelerated, since the production of hydroxyl radicals, aqueous electrons and hydrogen peroxide increases with increases in the applied discharge voltage. As a result, it has been discovered that the addition of such particles to the fluid in the corona reactor leads to a decrease in exposure ...

OZONE-PHOTOCATALYSIS REACTOR AND WATER TREATMENT METHOD

An ozone-photocatalysis reactor, comprising: a shell layer (1); activated carbon layers (2) arranged in the shell layer (1); and at least one photoxidation unit arranged in the shell layer (1) and above the activated carbon layers (2). The photoxidation unit comprises a honeycomb activated carbon layer I (3), a light source layer and a honeycomb activated carbon bed layer II (4) sequentially from bottom to top. A gas inlet (7) and a water inlet (6) are formed in the shell layer below the activated carbon layers (2); a water outlet (9) and a gas outlet (10) are formed in the shell layer (1) above the photoxidation unit; and the activated carbon layers (2), at least one honeycomb activated carbon bed layer I (3) and at least one honeycomb activated carbon bed layer II (4) are loaded with a solid catalyst. The reactor uses ozone oxidation and ozone-photocatalysis sufficiently for sewage treatment, the treatment time is short, and the treatment efficiency is high.

Fluid cleaning system and method for cleaning a fluid

A fluid cleaning system includes: a reactor unit for receiving a fluid body to be processed; a photocatalyst unit disposed in the reactor unit to contact the fluid body and including composite fibers, the composite fibers including a first fiber component made from a first organic polymer, and a second fiber component made from a second organic polymer and particulate photocatalyst; and a light unit. A method for cleaning a fluid includes: preparing composite fibers having a length ranging from 1 to 80 mm and including a first fiber component made from a first organic polymer, and a second fiber component made from a second organic polymer and particulate photocatalyst; adding the composite fibers in a fluid body in a reactor unit such that the composite fibers are freely suspended in the fluid body; and irradiating the suspended composite fibers in the fluid body in the reactor unit.

Process for purifying water

The present invention aims at providing an economical process for purifying water which can produce clean water by treating polluted water, which contains agricultural chemicals, organic solvents (particularly, halocarbon) and surface active agents (particularly, those with side chains) which are hard to treat according to a conventional activated sludge process, under moderate conditions readily and promptly, and also, which process is characterized by adding titanium oxide and iron salt into water to be treated, and irradiating light thereupon.

Organometallic complexes as singlet oxygen sensitizers

A series of organometallic complexes and the singlet oxygen sensitization properties of these complexes are provided. Complexes with acetylacetonate ligands give singlet oxygen quantum yields near unity, whether exciting the ligand-based state or the lowest energy excited state (MLCT+3LC). The singlet oxygen quenching rates for these β-diketonate complexes are small, roughly three orders of magnitude slower than the corresponding phosphorescence quenching rate. Similar complexes were prepared with glycine or pyridine tethered to the Ir(III) center (i.e. (bsn)2Ir(gly) and (bt)2Ir(py)Cl, where gly=glycine, and py=pyridine). The glycine and pyridine derivatives give high singlet oxygen yields.

System and method for plasma discharge in liquid

A system for generating a plasma discharge in liquid utilizes first and second electrodes spaced apart in an interior space of a vessel holding the liquid. A channel can be defined in certain embodiments at least partially by at least one of the first and second electrodes, and an inlet in fluid communication with the interior space is configured to generate a vortical fluid flow in the vessel. A method for generating a plasma discharge in liquid is also provided.

Treating contaminated effluents and groundwaters

A method of treating a liquid effluent or groundwater containing organic contaminants is provided. The liquid effluent or groundwater containing the organic contaminants is contacted with hydrogen peroxide and transition metal ions. The hydrogen peroxide and transition metal ions are present in effective amounts based on the concentration of the organic contaminants in the liquid effluent or groundwater. The liquid effluent or groundwater is then irradiated with UV light having a poly- chromatic output between about 200 to 400 nm to decompose the organic contaminants. The ratio of hydrogen peroxide to transition metal ions is selected so as to favor the absorption of UV light by the hydrogen peroxide in the irradiation step.

PROCESS FOR SEPARATION OF HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN

Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen.

MULTI-SPECTRAL PHOTOCATALYTIC COMPOUNDS

Disclosed are various combinations of three different metal-oxide photocatalysts with three different bandgaps that can be used to harvest multiple wavelengths of incident solar radiation and to thus efficiently degrade recalcitrant contaminants. The photocatalysts are from the class of transition metal oxides and are non-toxic compounds based on earth-abundant materials. In some embodiments, particles of the photocatalysts are formed to be greater in diameter than about 0.1 μm in order to make them easier to filter out after treating the contaminant. In some embodiments, the metal-oxide photocatalysts are zinc oxide which is ultraviolet active, hematite which is active in the visible spectrum, and copper oxide which is active in the near infrared spectrum. Various combinations in various embodiments achieve measured contaminant degradation rates greater than the sum of the degradation rates of the individual photocatalysts that make up the combination. 1. A photocatalytic compound comprising:first particles consisting substantially of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3; andsecond particles consisting substantially of CuO;wherein a molar ratio of the first and second particles in the photocatalytic compound is approximately 1:1 (approximately 2:1 by weight).2. The photocatalytic compound of wherein a majority of the first and second particles have diameters greater than 0.1 μm.3. A method of purifying a contaminated item comprising exposing the contaminated item to broad-spectrum light in the presence of the photocatalytic compound of .4. A photocatalytic compound comprising:first particles consisting substantially of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3;second particles consisting substantially of CuO; andthird particles consisting substantially of ZnO;wherein a molar ratio of the first, second, and third particles in the photocatalytic compound is approximately 1:1:1.5. The photocatalytic compound of wherein a majority of the first and second particles have diameters greater than 0.1 μm.6. A method of ...

PHOTOCATALYST-CONTAINING ORGANIC MATERIAL

The present invention is to provide a photocatalyst-containing organic material which is suppressed in the decomposition or deterioration of an organic substance being in contact with a photocatalyst with the photocatalytic function retained. It is provided a photocatalyst-containing organic material comprising a member comprising an organic substance; and a photocatalyst contained in the member, wherein said photocatalyst comprising a base having photocatalytic activity; and a silicon oxide film covering the base, wherein the film is substantially pore-free, and wherein the photocatalyst has a alkali metal content of not less than 1 ppm but not more than 1,000 ppm.

TRANSITIONAL METAL OXIDE NANOCRYSTAL-COATED MESOPOROUS MICROSTRUCTURES, USES THEREFOR, AND PROCESSES FOR MAKING SAME

Transitional metal oxide-coated mesoporous microstructures, uses therefor, and processes for making same are provided. The transitional metal oxide-coated mesoporous microstructures can be silica based, including MCM-41, MCM-45, MCM-48, SBA-15 and SBA-16. The microstructures can include microspheres. The mesoporous microstructures can be produced using a sol-gel process wherein the crystallization step in the sol-gel process is carried out at a low temperature, where the temperature can be 22° C. for example. The metal oxide can be titanium dioxide. The titanium dioxide can include titanium dioxide nanocrystals. The transitional metal oxide-coated mesoporous microstructures can be used in environmental applications, such as nanofiltration of contaminated water to remove pollutants.

PHOTOCATALYTIC COMPOSITION FOR WATER PURIFICATION

The present invention refers to lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions and solid composites; methods of preparing the compositions and solid composites; and their use in water purification. The compositions are comprised of photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO), lightweight glass bubbles, and a hydraulic cementing binder. The lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions can be formed into lightweight photocatalytic solid composites and/or structures by mixing with water and moist curing. This invention also describes relatively simple, fast, and cost effective methodologies to photodope the TiO 2 —ZnO compositions and composites with silver (Ag), to enhance and extend the photocatalytic activity from the ultraviolet into the visible light spectrum. The lightweight and settable TiO 2 —ZnO and Ag—TiO 2 —ZnO compositions are used in making solids, structures, coatings, and continuous or semi-continuous water purification panels for purifying contaminated water.

HYBRID NANOSTRUCTURED PHOTOCATALYSTS AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF

The present invention relates to a hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst, comprising a first nanoparticle comprising silver halide (AgX); a second nanoparticle, which is formed on an outer surface of the first nanoparticle and comprises Ag; and a polymer formed on any one outer surface of the first nanoparticle and the second nanoparticle, and a preparation method thereof. Specifically, the present invention provides a hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst having a high photocatalytic activity in a visible light region and a preparation method thereof. 1. A hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst , comprising:a first nanoparticle comprising silver halide (AgX), wherein X is any of Cl, Br, and I;multiple second nanoparticles in a dendritic form on an outer surface of the first nanoparticle and comprising Ag; anda polymer formed on any one outer surface of the first nanoparticle and the multiple second nanoparticles.2. The hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first nanoparticle has at least one shape selected from the group consisting of a semi-sphere claim 1 , a sphere claim 1 , a truncated-cube claim 1 , and a cube.3. The hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the second nanoparticle is formed on the outer surface of the first nanoparticle claim 1 , and the shape of the hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst is formed to correspond to the shape of the first nanoparticle.4. The hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein at least a part of the first nanoparticle and the second nanoparticle has a crystal structure.5. The hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein at least a part of the first nanoparticle and the second nanoparticle has a face-centered cubic structure.6. The hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst has a band gap energy of 2.0 eV to 3.0 eV and a photocatalytic activity in a visible light region.7. (canceled)8. The hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst of claim 1 , ...

PHOTOCATALYSTS BASED ON BISMUTH OXYHALIDE, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND USES THEREOF

The invention provides a process for the preparation of bismuth oxyhalide, comprising a precipitation of bismuth oxyhalide in an acidic aqueous medium in the presence of a reducing agent. Also provided are bismuth oxyhalide compounds doped with elemental bismuth Bi(0). The use of Bi(0)doped-bismuth oxyhalide as photocatalysts in water purification is also described.

Synthesis of bentonite clay-based iron nanocomposite and its use as a heterogeneous photo fenton catalyst

The present invention provides a method of synthesizing bentonite clay-based Fe nanocomposite, that may be used as a heterogeneous photo Fenton catalyst in advanced oxidation processes (AOP's) for wastewater treatment.

Doped carbonaceous materials for photocatalytic removal of pollutants under visible light, making methods and applications of same

A method of synthesizing a doped carbonaceous material includes mixing a carbon precursor material with at least one dopant to form a homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture; and subjecting the mixture to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the doped carbonaceous material. A method of purifying water includes providing an amount of the doped carbonaceous material in the water as a photocatalyst; and illuminating the water containing the doped carbonaceous material with visible light such that under visible light illumination, the doped carbonaceous material generates excitons (electron-hole pairs) and has high electron affinity, which react with oxygen and water adsorbed on its surface forming reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, that, in turn, decompose pollutants and micropollutants.

PHOTOCATALYTIC REACTOR AND METHODS OF USE

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR TREATING AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND CONTAMINANTS THEREIN

PHOTOCATALYST FILTER AND AIR CONDITIONER INCLUDING THE SAME

Легированные азотом наночастицы TiO2 и их применение в фотокатализе

Изобретение относится к области техники фотокаталитического разложения загрязняющих веществ для очистки воды или воздуха, а именно к продукту, включающему легированный азотом TiO2 (TiO2-N) в виде порошка или суспензии наночастиц в растворителе, который может быть использован в качестве активного фотокатализатора при облучении УФ и видимым или солнечным светом. Суспензия наночастиц легированного азотом TiO2 (TiO2-N) в органическом и/или водном растворителе, в которой наночастицы TiO2-N включают по меньшей мере кристаллическую фазу брукита в количестве, составляющем от 10 до 74% мас. от массы наночастиц, кристаллическую фазу рутила в количестве, составляющем от 25 до 89% мас. от массы наночастиц, и кристаллическую фазу анатаза в количестве, составляющем от 1 до 10% мас. от массы наночастиц, и в которой содержание легирующего азота в наночастицах TiO2-N составляет от 1 до 5% мас. Суспензия стабильна в течение периода, превышающего 6 месяцев, не образует осадков или разделенных фаз. Благодаря ...

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ ДЛЯ ОЧИСТКИ И ДЕЗИНФЕКЦИИ ЖИДКИХ, ТВЕРДЫХ И ГАЗООБРАЗНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ

... 1. Устройство для дезинфекции и очистки среды, содержащей жидкую, газообразную или твердую фазу или их смесь, причем указанное устройство содержит ! центральный электрод (1), ! диэлектрический слой (2, 20), смежный с указанным электродом (1), ! первую область (3, 30), смежную с указанным диэлектрическим слоем (2), и ! средства для введения первой среды в указанную первую область, ! вторую область (5, 50), смежную с указанной первой областью, и средства для введения второй среды в указанную вторую область, ! средства для создания плазмы в указанной первой среде, когда указанная первая среда находится в первой области, посредством приложения напряжения между указанным первым электродом (1) и вторым электродом, ! средства для инжекции указанной плазмы во вторую область (5) с целью перемешивания со второй средой. ! 2. Устройство по п.1, в котором указанный диэлектрический слой (2) и первая область (3) окружают электрод (1), а вторая область (5) окружает указанную первую область. ! 3. Устройство ...

ОЧИСТКА ВОДЫ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКИМИ ПОВЕРХНОСТЯМИ И МИКРООРГАНИЗМАМИ

... 1. Способ очистки воды, отличающийся тем, что в воду в каталитически действующей среде добавляют раствор, который содержит фракцию микробиотической смешанной культуры. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что каталитически действующая среда обусловлена каталитически активными поверхностями. 3. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что в качестве каталитически активной поверхности применяют легированную катализаторами керамическую или полимерную поверхность. 4. Способ по п.3, отличающийся тем, что в качестве катализаторов применяют органические или неорганические соединения. 5. Способ по п.3 или 4, отличающийся тем, что в керамической поверхности содержится диоксид титана (TiO2). 6. Способ по п.5, отличающийся тем, что в качестве керамической поверхности применяют облицовочную керамическую плитку. 7. Способ по одному из пп.1-4 или 6, отличающийся тем, что смешанная культура содержит фотосинтетически работающие микроорганизмы и светящиеся бактерии в биологическом растворе. 8. Способ по п.5, отличающийся ...

МОБИЛЬНАЯ СИСТЕМА ОБРАБОТКИ УФ СВЕТОМ И СООТВЕТСТВУЮЩИЕ СПОСОБЫ

... 1. Способ, содержащий этапы, на которых ! обеспечивают мутный обрабатывающий флюид, имеющий первое количество микроорганизмов, ! помещают мутный обрабатывающий флюид в автономный, дорожный мобильный манифольд обработки УФ светом, который содержит источник УФ света, ! облучают мутный обрабатывающий флюид с помощью источника УФ света в присутствии ослабляющего реагента для формирования облученного обрабатывающего флюида, и ! подают облученный обрабатывающий флюид в смесительную систему. ! 2. Способ по п.1, в котором на этапе облучения облучают мутный обрабатывающий флюид с помощью источника УФ света в автономном, дорожном мобильном манифольде обработки УФ светом, который содержит ослабляющий реагент, для снижения первого количества микроорганизмов мутного обрабатывающего флюида до второго количества микроорганизмов для формирования облученного обрабатывающего флюида, причем второе количество микроорганизмов меньше первого количества микроорганизмов, и на этапе подачи облученного обрабатывающего ...

REFLEKTIERENDE LAMPE ZUR MAXIMIERUNG DER LICHTABGABE AN EINEN PHOTOAKTIVEN KATALYSATOR

Stable, highly active, reusable photocatalyst comprising phthalocyanine or tetraphenyl-porphyrin derivative on ion exchange resin carrier, useful in singlet oxygen oxidations e.g. in waste water treatment

In a new photocatalyst (A) comprising a photocatalytically active component immobilized on an ion exchange resin (preferably an anion exchange resin), the active component comprises a phthalocyanine and/or tetraphenyl-porphyrin derivative containing at least one anionic or cationic group. A new photocatalyst (A) comprises a photocatalytically active component immobilized on an ion exchange resin (preferably an anion exchange resin), where the active component comprises at least one of phthalocyanine derivatives of formula (I) and/or tetraphenyl-porphyrin derivatives of formula (II). M = a group IIA, IIB, IIIA, IVA, IVB or VIIIB metal; R = anionic or cationic group and a-d = 0-4, provided that at least one is other than 0. Independent claims are included for the following: (1) a photooxidation process using singlet oxygen, by contacting the material to be oxidized with oxygen in presence of (A) under irradation with light (preferably of wavelength 400-800 nm, especially visible light or ...

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Photokatalysators und Verfahren zur Wasserreinigung

Method for treating a substance with wave energy from plasma and an electrical arc

An apparatus for synergistically combining a plasma with a comminution means such as a fluid kinetic energy mill (jet mill), preferably in a single reactor and/or in a single process step is provided by the present invention. Within the apparatus of the invention potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and subsequently into angular momentum by means of wave energy, for comminuting, reacting and separation of feed materials. Methods of use of the apparatus in the practice of various processes are also provided by the present invention.

Systems and methods for performing the bacterial disinfection of a fluid using point radiation sources

A system for disinfecting a fluid, including: a flow cell including one or more inlet ports and one or more outlet ports, wherein the flow cell is configured to communicate a fluid containing a biological contaminant from the one or more inlet ports to the one or more outlet portions through an interior portion thereof; and one or more point radiation sources disposed about the flow cell, wherein the one or more point radiation sources are operable for delivering radiation to the biological contaminant; wherein an interior surface of the flow cell is operable for reflecting the radiation delivered to the biological contaminant by the one or more point radiation sources; and wherein the interior surface of the flow cell is operable for reflecting the radiation delivered to the biological contaminant by the one or more point radiation sources such that a radiation intensity is uniform throughout the interior portion of the flow cell. In one exemplary embodiment, the flow cell is an integrating sphere. Optionally, the system also includes a photocatalyzing material disposed on at least a portion of the interior surface of the flow cell.

Methods for the treatment of ballast water

A process has been developed to selectively dissociate target molecules into component products compositionally distinct from the target molecule, wherein the bonds of the target molecule do not reform because the components are no longer reactive with each other. Dissociation is affected by treating the target molecule with light at a frequency and intensity, alone or in combination with a catalyst in an amount effective to selectively break bonds within the target molecule. Dissociation does not result in re-association into the target molecule by the reverse process, and does not produce component products which have a change in oxidation number or state incorporated oxygen or other additives because the process does not proceed via a typical reduction-oxidation mechanism. This process can be used for the remediation of water, particularly ballast water.

Water treatment apparatus and systems

Apparatus and systems for water treatment, as well as methods for treating water, are provided. An apparatus for water treatment may include one or more reactors configured for water treatment, one or more light sources configured to provide ultraviolet light inside the one or more reactors, a photocatalyst positioned in each of the one or more reactors and configured to receive the ultraviolet light from the one or more light sources, and a pure oxygen source coupled to the one or more reactors and configured to supply pure oxygen to the water.

Apparatus and method for treating aqueous solutions and contaminants therein

The present disclosure is generally directed to devices and methods of treating aqueous solutions to help remove or otherwise reduce levels, concentrations or amounts of one or more contaminants. The present disclosure relates to an apparatus comprising spaced-apart electrode structural support members extending from a first sidewall to a second sidewall, the spaced-apart electrode structural support members each having at least one photoelectrode and counterelectrode coupled to respective terminals adapted to be electrically coupled to a power supply, and at least one ultraviolet light source between the spaced-apart electrode support members.

Techniques for water treatment for high-efficiency cleaning

A water treatment device may comprise a photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) element, an oxide generation module, a flow switch, and a plurality of water-conveying elements. The oxide generation module may comprise a housing, an oxide generator, and a fan arranged such that, when the fan is powered on, a ducted flow of air passes along the oxide generator. The plurality of water-conveying elements may comprise a vacuum generation element. While the flow switch indicates that water is not flowing through the plurality of water-conveying elements, the PCO module and the oxide generator may be configured in an OFF state. While the flow switch indicates that water is flowing through the plurality of water-conveying elements, the following may be true: the fan may be configured in an ON state, the PCO module may generate ionized air, the oxide generator may add ozone to the ionized air, and a vacuum generated by the water flowing through the vacuum generation element may pull the ionized air containing ozone into the water.

Metal nanoparticle deposited inorganic nanostructure hybrids, uses thereof and processes for their preparation

This invention relates to a hybrid component comprising at least one nanoparticle of inorganic layered compound (in the form of fullerene-like structure or nanotube), and at least one metal nanoparticle, uses thereof as a catalyst, (e.g. photocatalysis) and processes for its preparation.

Fluid treatment apparatus

A fluid treatment apparatus comprising: a reactor vessel defining a chamber and having an inlet and an outlet to allow fluid to flow through the chamber; a UV light source adapted to transmit light within the chamber; and a plurality of catalyst members comprising a catalytic outer surface, the catalyst members being freely contained within the chamber, wherein the apparatus is adapted to cause the catalyst members to move around within the chamber as fluid flows through the chamber.

Apparatus for treating a substance with wave energy from an electrical arc and a second source

A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.

PHOTO SENSITIVE VARIABLE HYDROPHILIC MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A photo sensitive variable hydrophilic membrane includes a membrane substrate, and a photocatalyst layer deposited on the membrane substrate and including an oxide, wherein a hydrophilic property of the photocatalyst layer is increased when a light is irradiated and a method of the same are provided. 1. A photo sensitive variable hydrophilic membrane , the membrane comprising:a membrane substrate; anda photocatalyst layer deposited on the membrane substrate and including an oxide,wherein a hydrophilic property of the photocatalyst layer is increased when a light is irradiated.2. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst layer has a hydrophobic property when the light is blocked and has the hydrophilic property when the light is irradiated.3. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the membrane has a first flux when the light is blocked claim 1 , andwherein the membrane has a second flux larger than the first flux when the light is irradiated.4. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst layer includes any one of zinc oxide claim 1 , titanium oxide claim 1 , iron oxide claim 1 , vanadium oxide claim 1 , tungsten oxide claim 1 , and cerium oxide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.5. The membrane of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst layer is deposited on the membrane substrate by an atomic layer deposition (ALD).6. The membrane of claim 2 , wherein the photocatalyst layer has the hydrophobic property again when the light is blocked after the light is irradiated.7. The membrane of claim 2 , wherein the photocatalyst layer has the hydrophobic property when light in a wavelength band of 315 nm to 400 nm is blocked claim 2 , andwherein the photocatalyst layer has the hydrophilic property when light in the wavelength band of 315 nm to 400 nm is irradiated.8. A photo sensitive variable hydrophilic membrane claim 2 , the membrane comprising:a membrane substrate; anda photocatalyst layer deposited on the membrane substrate and including an oxide,wherein the ...

ZINC-BASED NANOHYBRIDS, DEVICES AND METHODS THEREOF

A zinc-based nanohybrid was prepared using a facile wet chemistry process. This nanohybrid has zinc oxide nanostructures connected to zinc phthalocyanine molecules via biologically important ligands. In addition, this nanohybrid has photocatalytic properties and photodegrades water pollutants, such as methyl orange. 1: A zinc-based nanohybrid , comprising:a zinc oxide nanostructure;a zinc phthalocyanine molecule; anda bridging ligand connecting the zinc oxide nanostructure and the zinc phthalocyanine molecule.2: The zinc-based nanohybrid of claim 1 , wherein the zinc oxide nanostructure has at least one morphology selected from the group consisting of a nanoparticle claim 1 , and a nontubular nanorod.3: The zinc oxide nanostructure of claim 2 , wherein the zinc oxide nanostructure is a nontubular nanorod with an average largest diameter of 50-100 nm and a length of 0.3-5 μm.4: The zinc oxide nanostructure of claim 2 , wherein the zinc oxide nanostructure is a nanoparticle with an average diameter of 10-50 nm.6: The zinc-based nanohybrid of claim 1 , wherein the zinc phthalocyanine molecule is of Formula (I) claim 1 , wherein R-Rare each hydrogen.7: The zinc-based nanohybrid of claim 1 , wherein the bridging ligand has two terminal carboxylate groups claim 1 , and through the two carboxylate end groups claim 1 , the bridging ligand forms a first Zn—O linkage with zinc in the zinc oxide nanostructure and a second Zn—O linkage with zinc in the zinc phthalocyanine molecule.9: The zinc-based nanohybrid of claim 1 , wherein the bridging ligand is selected from the group consisting of citrate claim 1 , tartrate claim 1 , an amino acid claim 1 , which is serine claim 1 , cysteine claim 1 , aspartate claim 1 , glutamate or tyrosine claim 1 , and enantiomers thereof.10: A substrate comprising:at least one plate; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the zinc-based nanohybrid of , wherein the zinc-based nanohybrid is coated on a surface of the plate to form a ...

Method for the production of new nanomaterials

A method for producing new nanomaterials, 80 to 100 mol % of which are composed of TiO2 and 0 to 20 mol % are composed of another metal or semi-metal oxide that has a specific surface of 100 to 300 m2.g−1and 1 to 3 hydroxyl groups per nm2.

WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM AND METHODS THEREOF

A water treatment system with a photocatalytic nanocomposite sheet, an adsorbent layer, and a fibrous filter, wherein the photocatalytic nanocomposite sheet comprises polymethylmethacrylate and silver phosphate, the adsorbent layer comprises plasma activated carbon nanotubes, and the fibrous filter is a composite of polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer fibers, with carbon nanotubes that are dispersed within the polymer fibers and silver nanoparticles that are deposited on the polymer fibers. Various embodiments of the water treatment system and methods of fabricating the photocatalytic nanocomposite sheet, the adsorbent layer, and the fibrous filter are also provided. 1: A water treatment system , comprising:a pipe comprising a water inlet, a water outlet, and a transparent section located between the water inlet and the water outlet; anda photocatalytic nanocomposite sheet comprising polymethylmethacrylate and silver phosphate located inside the transparent section, wherein the photocatalytic nanocomposite sheet is configured to decompose at least a portion of organic pollutants present in water.2: The water treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the transparent section is coil shaped.3: The water treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic nanocomposite sheet has a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm.4: The water treatment system of claim 1 , further comprising:at least one mirror configured to reflect sunlight to the transparent section.5: The water treatment system of claim 1 , further comprising:a filter housing with an inlet and an outlet; anda fibrous filter located inside the filter housing and between the inlet and the outlet,wherein the inlet is fluidly connected to the water outlet.6: The filtration system of claim 5 , wherein the fibrous filter comprises polymer fibers comprising polymethylmethacrylate claim 5 , polyvinylidene fluoride claim 5 , and polyvinylpyrrolidone claim 5 , and silver ...

Photocatalytic element for purification and disinfection of air and water and method for the production thereof

The invention relates to the purification and disinfection of air and water. A photocatalytic element consists of sintered glass beads with a pore volume fraction from 20% to 40% and a pore size from 0.1 to 0.5 mm, the surface of which is coated with a titanium dioxide powder, having a specific surface area of 150-400 m 2 /g, at the rate of 0.5-2% relative to the total mass of the photocatalytic element. The surface of the glass beads has a relief shape with a relief depression of 0.5-10 pm. The method for producing the photocatalytic element comprises sintering the glass beads at a temperature that is 5-20° C. higher than the glass softening temperature, modifying the bead surface with chemical etching agents, and coating the bead surface with the titanium dioxide powder from a water suspension at a pH of 2.9±0.1.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PERFORMING THE BACTERIAL DISINFECTION OF A FLUID USING POINT RADIATION SOURCES

A system for disinfecting a fluid, including: a flow cell including one or more inlet ports and one or more outlet ports, wherein the flow cell is configured to communicate a fluid containing a biological contaminant from the one or more inlet ports to the one or more outlet portions through an interior portion thereof; and one or more point radiation sources disposed about the flow cell, wherein the one or more point radiation sources are operable for delivering radiation to the biological contaminant; wherein an interior surface of the flow cell is operable for reflecting the radiation delivered to the biological contaminant by the one or more point radiation sources; and wherein the interior surface of the flow cell is operable for reflecting the radiation delivered to the biological contaminant by the one or more point radiation sources such that a radiation intensity is uniform throughout the interior portion of the flow cell. In one exemplary embodiment, the flow cell is an integrating sphere. Optionally, the system also includes a photocatalyzing material disposed on at least a portion of the interior surface of the flow cell. 1. A system for disinfecting a fluid , comprising:a flow cell comprising one or more inlet ports and one or more outlet ports, wherein the flow cell is configured to communicate a fluid from the one or more inlet ports to the one or more outlet portions through an interior portion thereof; andone or more point radiation sources disposed about the flow cell, wherein the one or more point radiation sources are operable for delivering radiation to the fluid;wherein an interior surface of the flow cell is operable for reflecting the radiation delivered to the fluid by the one or more point radiation sources.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the flow cell comprises one or more of an integrating cavity claim 1 , an integrating ellipsoid claim 1 , and an integrating sphere.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more point radiation ...

Photodynamic method to decontaminate surfaces

A method to decontaminant surfaces including the surface of food and aqueous solutions is provided.

SILICON-TITANIUM DIOXIDE-POLYPYRROLE THREE-DIMENSIONAL BIONIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL BASED ON HIERARCHICAL ASSEMBLY AND USE THEREOF

The invention relates to a three-dimensional bionic composite material based on refection elimination and double-layer P/N heterojunctions. The preparation method of the composite material comprises: (1) anisotropically etching a silicon wafer with an alkaline solution, to form compactly arranged tetragonal pyramids on the surface of the silicon wafer; (2) performing hydrophilic treatment on the silicon wafer, growing TiO2 crystal seeds on the surface of the silicon wafer, and calcining the silicon wafer in a muffle furnace; (3) putting the silicon wafer obtained in the step (2) into a reaction kettle, and growing TiO2 nano-rods on the side walls of silicon cones by a hydrothermal synthesis method; and (4) depositing PPY nano-particles on the TiO2 nano-rods. The composite material has good refection elimination performance and efficient photogenerated charge separation capability, and is applicable in fields of photo-catalysis, photoelectric conversion devices, solar cells and the like. 1. A silicon-titanium dioxide-polypyrrole three-dimensional bionic composite material based on hierarchical assembly , comprising an ordered hierarchy (Si/TiO/PPY) of monocrystalline silicon (Si) , titanium dioxide (TiO) and polypyrrole (PPY) ,wherein Si is 100-type monocrystalline silicon with a tapered microstructure surface and is a P-type semiconductor, and has compactly arranged silicon cone structure of tetragonal pyramids with a height of 4-10 μm;{'sub': 2', '2, 'TiOis TiOnano-rods of rutile phase and is an N-type semiconductor, and is quadrangular with a height of 500-4000 nm and a diameter of 40-250 nm, and orderly and vertically grown on the side walls of the silicon cones;'}{'sub': '2', 'PPY is polypyrrole nano-particles with a diameter of 10-60 nm and is a P-type semiconductor, and is uniformly grown on the surfaces of the TiOnano-rods;'}{'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'in the Si/TiO/PPY three-dimensional bionic composite material, double P/N heterojunctions are formed on interfaces ...

RECIRCULATING, PURIFYING, DISINFECTING, COOLING, DECONTAMINATING, FEEDBACK CONTROLLED WATER SYSTEM FOR DRINKING WATER AND OTHER USES TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND WELL BEING OF ANIMALS AND HUMANS

A water purification system provides clean water for the consumption by livestock by using a continuously recirculating water loop. A circulating pump moves the water within the water loop in a flow direction. A particle filter system is fluidically connected in series and removes dissolved solids or particulates within the water. An ozone purification system and/or with the addition of other antimicrobial or purification agents is fluidically connected in parallel to a portion of the continuously recirculating feedback monitored and control water loop. The ozone purification system is disposed downstream of the particle filter system in relation to the flow direction. A feeding station is connected in series with the continuously recirculating water loop disposed downstream of the ozone purification system in relation to the flow direction. An alkaline water apparatus is disposed upstream of the ozone purification unit, connected either before or in parallel to the ozone purification system. 1. A water purification system configured to provide clean water for consumption by livestock or other animals , the water purification system comprising:a continuously recirculating water loop;a circulating pump fluidically connected in series with the continuously recirculating water loop configured to pump water within the continuously recirculating water loop in a flow direction;a water supply inlet fluidically connected to the continuously recirculating water loop at a first check valve, the water supply inlet configured to provide additional water due to the water consumption in the water purification system;at least one particle filter system fluidically connected as part of and in series with the continuously recirculating water loop, the at least one particle filter system configured to remove dissolved solids or particulates within the water, the particle filter system disposed downstream of the first check valve in relation to the flow direction;an ozone purification ...

Optical density monitor and comparator systems and methods

The present disclosure relates generally to systems and methods for determining the absorption coefficient and the optical density of a fluid as they relate to the wavelength of incident radiation. Specifically, ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV LEDs) or the like that emit ultraviolet (UV) radiation or the like are used as sources for irradiating the interior of an integrating chamber that is designed to increase the path length of the radiation through the fluid, thus enhancing the detection limits of the absorption coefficient and the optical density according to Beer's Law.

REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING METAL-DOPED TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES

The removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using metal-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles is a method that comprises contacting the aqueous solution with metal-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The three transition metals tungsten, vanadium and iron were selected for doping of titanium dioxide. Removal of the toxic heavy metals Pb(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) was studied intensively by using metal-doped titanium dioxide to measure the isotherms and kinetics. The isotherms studies showed that the highest removal percentage of Pb(II) was achieved by W-doped titanium dioxide, while Fe-doped titanium dioxide and V-doped titanium dioxide performed better for removal of Zn(II) and Cd(II), respectively.

Doped carbonaceous materials for photocatalytic removal of pollutants under visible light, making methods and applications of same

A method of synthesizing a doped carbonaceous material includes mixing a carbon precursor material with at least one dopant to form a homogeneous/heterogeneous mixture; and subjecting the mixture to pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere to obtain the doped carbonaceous material. A method of purifying water includes providing an amount of the doped carbonaceous material in the water as a photocatalyst; and illuminating the water containing the doped carbonaceous material with visible light such that under visible light illumination, the doped carbonaceous material generates excitons (electron-hole pairs) and has high electron affinity, which react with oxygen and water adsorbed on its surface forming reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, that, in turn, decompose pollutants and micropollutants.

FILTER ASSEMBLY FOR DISINFECTING PATHOGENS USING MULTIPLE WAVELENGTH ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (UV-LEDS) AND METHOD THEREFOR

A point-of-use (POU) water filtration device has a container. A plurality of channels is formed within the container, water entering the container flowing through the plurality of channels. A plurality of Ultraviolet (UV) Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) is provided. Each of the plurality of UV LEDs illuminating UV light down an associated channel of the plurality of channels. 1. A Point of Use (POU) water filtration device comprising:a container;a plurality of channels formed within the container, water entering the container flowing through the plurality of channels; anda plurality of Ultraviolet (UV) Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), each of the plurality of UV LEDs illuminating UV light down an associated channel of the plurality of channels.2. The POU water filtration device of claim 1 , comprising:a top rover coupled to a top surface of the container enclosing the container; andan opening formed in the top cover allowing the water to enter the container.3. The POU water filtration device of claim 1 , comprising at least one drainage opening formed in claim 1 , a floor of the container claim 1 , the drainage opening allowing the water entering the container to exit the container.4. The POU water filtration device of claim 3 , comprising:a collection plate coupled to the container and positioned below the, floor of the container; andand a plurality of collection plate openings form through the collection plate allowing the water to exit the POU water filtration device.5. The POU water filtration device of claim 1 , comprising at least one of a photo reactant or UV reflective materials coating a floor of the container.6. The particle of claim 2 , comprising at least one of photo reactant or UV reflective claim 2 , materials coating a floor of the container and the top cover.7. The POU water filtration device of claim 1 , comprising at least one of photo reactant or UV reflective materials coating separations walls forming the plurality of channels.8. The POU water ...

Interior energy-activation of photo-reactive species inside a medium or body

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The energy modulation agent has a normal predominant emission of radiation in a first wavelength range outside of a second wavelength range (WR 2 ) known to produce the change, but under exposure to the applied initiation energy produces the change. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent.

METHOD OF FORMING A PHOTOCATALYST AND DISINFECTING A FLUID

The present disclosure relates to a method of disinfecting a fluid comprising at least one live microbial organism. The method includes contacting the fluid comprising the at least one microbial organism with an effective amount of a photo-catalyst while exposing the fluid and the photo-catalyst to light from at least one light source with a wavelength of about 300-550 nm to reduce the number of the at least one live microbial organism to a predetermined level. The photo-catalyst comprises tungsten trioxide nanoparticles doped with palladium nanoparticles, and the palladium nanoparticles are present in an amount of about 0.1-5% of the total weight of the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles and the palladium nanoparticles. 1. A method of forming a photocatalyst and disinfecting a fluid comprising at least one live microbial organism with the photocatalyst , the method comprising:{'sub': '3', 'preparing WOnanoparticles by adding nitric acid to an aqueous solution of ammonium tungstate,'}{'sub': 3', '3, 'loading the WOnanoparticles with palladium nanoparticles by adding a solution of palladium nitrate to the WOnanoparticles then drying and calcining to form the photocatalyst,'}contacting the fluid comprising the at least one microbial organism with an effective amount of a photo-catalyst while exposing the fluid and the photo-catalyst to light from at least one light source with a wavelength of about 300-550 nm to reduce the number of the at least one live microbial organism to a predetermined level,wherein the photo-catalyst comprises tungsten trioxide nanoparticles doped with palladium nanoparticles,wherein the palladium nanoparticles are present in an amount of about 0.1-5% of the total weight of the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles and the palladium nanoparticles, andwherein the tungsten trioxide nanoparticles doped with the palladium nanoparticles have a first band gap energy, tungsten trioxide nanoparticles which are not doped with palladium nanoparticles have a ...

Method and System for Purifying Water Using Photocatalysis

Photocatalytic water treatment methods that can be particularly beneficial in degradation of PFAS and reactors and reactor systems that can be useful in carrying out the PFAS degradation protocols are described. Methods utilize bismuth phosphate-based semiconductors as catalysts in particulate or other effective high-surface area water-contacting form. The catalysts can be excited by UV light to induce reduction reactions that degrade or transform PFAS contaminants in the water. Reactor systems include multiple reactors in series and/or parallel. Each reactor includes mixers to encourage turbulent flow within the reactor, control of which is isolated from residence time control within the reactor. The reactors include a light source to deliver about 200 W/L or less of activating radiation emission to the internal volume of the reactor, providing a highly efficient photocatalytic reaction system. 1. A water treatment method comprising:contacting a volume of water with a catalyst, the catalyst comprising a bismuth phosphate;irradiating the volume of water in contact with the catalyst and an electron donor with a light that comprises ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of from about 100 nm to about 400 nm; whereinupon the irradiation, one or more perfluoroalkyl substances in the water are reduced.2. The water treatment method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises BiPOand/or BiO(OH)(PO).3. The water treatment method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst comprises a particulate suspended in the volume of water.4. The water treatment method of claim 3 , the particulate comprising micron-sized particles that include the catalyst.5. The water treatment method of claim 3 , the particulate comprising particles having a cross sectional dimension of about 100 nm or less claim 3 , the particles including the catalyst.6. The water treatment method of claim 1 , the method further comprising contacting the volume of water with a co-catalyst.7. The water treatment method of ...

Photo-Catalyzing Fluid Mobilizing System And Method

A photo-catalyzing fluid mobilizing system and method are disclosed. A chamber has a power source. A fluid mobilizer is mounted in the chamber and connected with the power source to mobilize a fluid through the chamber. The fluid mobilizer includes one or more fan blades that are coated with a photo catalyst. A UV light source is mounted in the chamber proximate the fluid mobilizer and connected with the power source to catalyze the photo catalyst coating the blades to purifier the fluid being mobilized thereover.

PHOTO-CATALYZING FLUID MOBILIZING SYSTEMA ND METHOD

A photo-catalyzing fluid mobilizing system and method are disclosed. A chamber has a power source. A fluid mobilizer is mounted in the chamber and connected with the power source to mobilize a fluid through the chamber. The fluid mobilizer includes one or more fan blades that are coated with a photo catalyst. A UV light source is mounted in the chamber proximate the fluid mobilizer and connected with the power source to catalyze the photo catalyst coating the blades to purifier the fluid being mobilized thereover. 1. A method of mobilizing and photo-catalyzing a fluid , the method comprising:mobilizing, using a fluid mobilizer, a fluid through a passageway formed between a UV light source and an inner surface of at least one fan blade positioned within a chamber of the fluid mobilizer, the at least one fan blade being at least partly coated with a photo catalyst;irradiating the at least one fan blade with a UV light source to catalyze the photo catalyst, the UV light source being disposed within the at least one fan blade such that the at least one fan blade rotates about the UV light source and forms the passageway between the UV light source and the inner surface of the at least one fan blade; andpurifying the fluid being mobilized through the chamber with the catalyzed photo catalyst.2. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the UV light source includes a UV lamp.3. The method in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the UV lamp is ring-shaped and circumscribes an interior surface of the chamber.4. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the fluid is water claim 1 , and wherein a strength of the UV light source is adjustable to adapt to the reflective and refractive qualities of the water.5. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein an interior surface of the chamber includes a UV reflective surface.6. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the fluid mobilizer comprises one or more of a rotor claim 1 , a blower wheel claim 1 , a fan ...

PHOTODYNAMIC CATIONIC PORPHYRIN COMPOSITES

A photodynamic composite including a porphyrin having four quaternized nitrogens, wherein the porphyrin is covalently bonded to a polymer containing reactive amines covalently bonded to a solid-state support is claimed. A method for sanitizing contaminated water is claimed including exposing the contaminated water to the photodynamic composite, in the presence of light and oxygen, wherein, a sufficient quantity of singlet oxygen and super oxide anions is provided by the chemical reaction of the light and the photosensitizer to destroy the pollutants or pathogens present in the contaminated water and to oxidize organic contaminants into carbon dioxide and water; thereby rendering the water potable. 1. A photodynamic composite comprising:a porphyrin having four quaternized nitrogens, wherein the porphyrin is covalently bonded to a polymer containing reactive amines covalently bonded to a solid-state support.3. The photodynamic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer containing reactive amines is polyethylenimine (PEI) or modified PEI.4. The photodynamic composite according to claim 3 , wherein the polymer containing reactive amines is modified PEI and the PEI is modified by acetylation claim 3 , acylation claim 3 , alkylation claim 3 , quaternization claim 3 , hydroxylation claim 3 , succinylation claim 3 , pegylation claim 3 , or combinations thereof.5. The photodynamic composite according to claim 1 , wherein the solid-state support is a metal oxide claim 1 , inert material claim 1 , or water insoluble salt.6. The photodynamic composite according to claim 5 , wherein the solid-state support is a metal oxide selected from the group consisting of ZnO claim 5 , MgO claim 5 , AlO claim 5 , SiO claim 5 , TiO claim 5 , and ZrO.7. The photodynamic composite according to claim 5 , wherein the solid-state support is SiO claim 5 , TiO claim 5 , activated carbon claim 5 , graphite claim 5 , graphene oxide claim 5 , charcoal claim 5 , clay claim 5 , zeolites claim ...

A FLUID PURIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD

An in-line fluid purification system uses a jacket () surrounding a fluid passageway (), formed of a UV transmissive material. The jacket () may be surrounded by a UV reflective material (). UV radiation () is coupled into the jacket (), and the jacket () disperses and reflects the radiation over the entire cross section of the passageway (). In this way, UV illumination of the full cross section of a fluid passageway () is ensured. 1. An in-line fluid purification system for purifying a fluid or fluid flow , comprising:a jacket surrounding a fluid passageway, formed of a UV transmissive material;one or more UV LEDs for coupling UV radiation into the jacket, wherein the jacket is an optical element adapted to couple UV radiation from the UV LED around the outer periphery of the passageway by optimizing the distribution of the UV radiation emitted by the one or more UV LEDs,wherein the jacket comprises an annular waveguide, andwherein the annular waveguide comprises a UV scattering material.2. (canceled)3. A system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the UV scattering material comprises polycrystalline aluminum oxide claim 1 , quartz claim 1 , UV transparent glass claim 1 , silicone claim 1 , fluorinated ethylene propylene claim 1 , ethylene tetrafluoroethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene.4. (canceled)5. A system as claimed in claim 1 , comprising:a single UV LED; ormultiple UV LEDs.6. A system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the jacket is for surrounding two or more passageways.7. A system as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a UV reflecting coating around the outside of the jacket claim 1 , wherein the UV LED is within the jacket claim 1 , wherein the UV reflecting coating is for example partly diffuse reflective.8. A system as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the reflecting coating comprises or is connected to a heat dissipation unit.9. A system as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the reflecting coating is for fitting flush within the pipe of a tap for thermal coupling ...

METAL OXIDE NANOFIBROUS MATERIALS FOR PHOTODEGRADATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS

Mixed-phase TiOnanofibers prepared via a sol-gel technique followed by electrospinning and calcination are provided as photocatalysts. The calcination temperature is adjusted to control the rutile phase fraction in TiOnanofibers relative to the anatase phase. Post-calcined TiOnanofibers composed of 38 wt % rutile and 62 wt % anatase exhibited the highest initial rate constant of UV photocatalysis. This can be attributed to the combined influences of the fibers' specific surface areas and their phase compositions. 1. A metal oxide crystalline nanofiber material comprising:titanium dioxide comprising a rutile phase and an anatase phase, calcined from precursor molecules,wherein photoexcitation of chemically-reactive electron-hole pairs in the metal oxide crystalline nanofiber material in proximity to susceptible molecules results in formation of reactive radical species from both the conduction band and the valence band.2. The metal oxide nanofiber according to claim 1 , wherein a ratio of the rutile phase to the anatase phase is at least 3:97.3. The metal oxide nanofiber according to claim 1 , formed by a process of electrospinning.4. The metal oxide nanofiber according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a catalytic metal and graphene.5. The metal oxide nanofiber according to claim 1 , further comprising a metal-organic framework (MOF).6. The metal oxide nanofiber according to claim 1 , further comprising a Poly(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) surface film.7. The metal oxide nanofiber according to claim 1 , further comprising a dye which interacts with light to at least one of:elevate an electron in the titanium dioxide into a conduction band; andproduce a hole by transferring an electron in the titanium dioxide to the valence band.8. The metal oxide nanofiber according to claim 1 , further comprising a dopant in the titanium oxide adapted to induce semiconductivity.9. The metal oxide nanofiber according to claim 1 , wherein:the rutile phase ...

Fluid Disinfection Using Ultraviolet Light

A fluid treatment system and method of treating fluid is described. The fluid treatment system can include a fluid transparency meter, which acquires data corresponding to an ultraviolet transparency of the fluid and a disinfection chamber within which a set of ultraviolet sources emit ultraviolet light onto the fluid located therein. The treatment system can include various features for mixing the fluid and/or recirculating the fluid for multiple ultraviolet light doses. A control system can manage a flow of the fluid through the fluid treatment system based on a disinfection dose delivered to the fluid. 1. A fluid treatment system comprising:a fluid transparency meter for acquiring data corresponding to an ultraviolet transparency of the fluid;a disinfection chamber fluidly connected to the fluid transparency meter, wherein the disinfection chamber stores a volume of the fluid;a set of ultraviolet sources located within the disinfection chamber, wherein the set of ultraviolet sources emit ultraviolet light within the disinfection chamber;means for recirculating the fluid into at least one of: the fluid transparency meter or the disinfection chamber;means for mixing the fluid; anda control system for managing a flow of the fluid through the fluid treatment system based on a disinfection dose delivered to the fluid.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the set of ultraviolet sources emit ultraviolet light into the chamber from a central region of the chamber.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the means for recirculating the fluid includes means for reintroducing at least a portion of the fluid into the fluid transparency meter claim 1 , wherein the control system uses ultraviolet transparency data of the fluid to dynamically determine the disinfection dose.4. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a set of filtering components for filtering the fluid within the treatment system claim 1 , wherein at least one filtering component is configured with a plurality of ...

COMPOSITE WATER PURIFICATION APPARATUS AND METHOD THEREOF

A composite water purification apparatus and method thereof are provided. The composite water purification apparatus includes a container, a sacrificial anode, a photocatalyst anode and a cathode. The container is employed for receiving liquid including water and gas. The photocatalyst anode includes a photocatalyst for conducting a photocatalytic reaction. The cathode is electrolyzed with the sacrificial anode and the photocatalyst anode. The cathode, the sacrificial anode, and the photocatalyst anode are immersed in the container to contact the liquid. The present invention enhances the purity of the water, while prolonging the service life of the sacrificial anode. 1. A composite water purification apparatus , comprising:a container for receiving a liquid including water and gas;at least one sacrificial anode;at least one photocatalyst anode including a photocatalyst for conducting a photocatalytic reaction to purify the liquid; andat least a cathode electrolyzed with the sacrificial anode and the photocatalyst anode to purify the liquid,wherein the sacrificial anode, the photocatalyst anode, and the cathode are immersed in the container to contact the liquid.2. The composite water purification apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an aeration element provided in the container for feeding additional gas to the liquid claim 1 , wherein the additional gas is air or oxygen.3. The composite water purification apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst anode includes a mesh substrate and a titanium dioxide layer on the mesh substrate.4. The composite water purification apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sacrificial anode is made of iron or copper claim 1 , and the cathode is made of a material including carbon.5. The composite water purification apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a power supply electrically coupled to the photocatalyst anode claim 1 , the sacrificial anode claim 1 , and the cathode for conducting the electrolysis.6. The composite ...

Surfaces having nanoparticulate layers and assembly and use thereof

A method for generating layered structures is disclosed. The method comprises reacting an azide-functionalized material with an alkyne-functionalized material, one of which can be a nanoparticle or a microparticle and the other can be a substrate or another nanoparticle or microparticle. The method also includes generating layered structures having multiple layers which can be built up in multiple azide-alkyne reaction steps.

LIQUID TREATMENT METHOD AND LIQUID TREATMENT APPARATUS

The present disclosure provides a liquid treatment method and apparatus according to which poorly treated liquid is prevented from being discharged to the outside thereof. The liquid treatment apparatus of the present disclosure comprises a channel switch, a return channel that establishes communication between the channel switch and an internal space of a first tank, and a discharge channel that establishes communication between the channel switch and the outside of the liquid treatment apparatus. In the circulation state, the liquid mixture is circulated in the liquid treatment apparatus so as to return a liquid to the first tank through the return channel. If a concentration of the photocatalyst particles contained in the first tank falls within a predetermined range, the channel switch is switched from the circulation state to the discharge state to discharge the liquid to the outside of the liquid treatment apparatus. 1. A liquid treatment method using a liquid treatment apparatus , the method comprising: a first tank having an internal space for storing liquid mixture containing photocatalyst particles;', 'a light source for emitting ultraviolet light with which the photocatalyst particles are irradiated;', 'a second tank comprising a filtration membrane therein and having an internal space divided into a first chamber and a second chamber with the filtration membrane;', 'a communication channel that establishes communication between the internal space of the first tank and the second chamber of the second tank;', 'a filtering pump for decompressing the first chamber of the second tank;', 'a channel switch;', 'a return channel that establishes communication between the channel switch and the internal space of the first tank; and', 'a discharge channel that establishes communication between the channel switch and an outside of the liquid treatment apparatus,, '(la) providing the liquid treatment apparatus comprising the liquid mixture is guided from the ...

LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED)-BASED FLUID PURIFICATION SYSTEM

Invention regards a light-emitting diode (LED)-based system for purifying a fluid flowing through a pipe, said system comprising means for mounting the system on the pipe, a housing, a pliant carrier structure comprising a plurality of LEDs arranged flush with a first surface () of the structure () and configured to emit radiation in UV range, wherein, when the system is pipe-mounted, said structure is detachably arranged within the housing, and said structure () adopts a substantially tubular shape within the housing with said first surface delimiting a purifying chamber (), wherein said purifying chamber is in fluid communication with the pipe so that the fluid flowing through the pipe passes, prior to being dispensed, through the purifying chamber where it is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the energized LEDs. 249. A system of claim 1 , wherein the LEDs () extend only in the axial direction of the purifying chamber ().34. A system of claim 1 , wherein the LEDs () extend in a helical pattern.476. A system of any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein at least a part of said first surface () is provided with turbulence creating means ().5164. A system of any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein a diffraction grating () is provided on at least one of the LEDs ().67. A system of any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein at least a part of said first surface () is provided with a photoactivated coating.77. A system of any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein at least a part of said first surface () is provided with a coating claim 1 , said coated surface obtaining hereby a hydro-affinity.89. A system of any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the inner dimensions of the purifying chamber () match with the inner dimensions of the pipe.98. A system of any of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the pliant carrier structure () further comprises:{'b': '12', 'a first layer (), made at least partly in a UV-radiation-transparent material ...

Photocatalytic coating, process for producing photocatalytic coating, and process for producing photocatalytic body

This photocatalytic coating contains at least a photocatalytic particle, a binder and water. The binder includes a water-soluble hydrolysate of a silane coupling agent having an ethylene oxide structure. A content of the water-soluble hydrolysate of the silane coupling agent having the ethylene oxide structure is preferably 0.5% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less, based on a weight of a total solid content contained in the photocatalytic coating.

A method of degrading contaminants / pollutants from a material and structures for carrying out said method

A method of removing contaminants from liquid passing over a surface by applying a photocatalyst to said surface 2, such that when a liquid passes over said surface in the presence of solar power, contaminants are degraded to less harmful compounds in said liquid. The photocatalyst is typically titanium dioxide applied as a coating on a surface such as glass or metal and can be used to degrade contaminants in effluents from industrial processes such as the textile or paper industries when liquid from those processes flows over the coating.

Potable water producing device

A water treatment device comprising a clear container with lid surrounded by a solar reflector, and an insert in the form of a thin sheet or mesh permanently coated with titanium dioxide as a water sanitizing catalyst. The container is filled with non-potable water, covered with the lid, and placed in direct sunlight. Direct and reflected sunlight enters the water through the clear container and lid, where the sunlight's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and increased solar thermal heat disinfect the water. Further, the catalyst on the insert reacts with dissolved oxygen in the water to produce reactive oxygen species. These reactive species react with and decompose organic compounds in the water, and kill or inactivate pathogens. In addition, the reactive oxygen species further react with the water itself to produce additional free radical species, which also react with and decompose organic compounds and kill or inactivate pathogens.

Ultraviolet Disinfection of Produce, Liquids and Surfaces

The present invention is directed to a process of disinfecting produce, comprising the steps of associating the produce with one or more photosensitizers selected from the group consisting of gallic acid, fructose, riboflavin, sodium chlorophyllin and photo-porphyrin; and exposing the associated produce and one or more photosensitizers to UV radiation sufficient to cause the one or more photosensitizers to generate one or more free radicals. The produce may be fresh produce and may be selected from fresh vegetable and fruits. The present invention may also be used to treat waste water by adding at least one photosensitizer to waste water ant then expose the waste water to US radiation. 1. A process for treatment of a surface comprising the steps of:associating a surface with at least one photosensitizer selected from the group consisting of gallic acid, riboflavin, photo-porphyrin, sodium chlorophyllin and fructose; andexposing the associated photosensitizer and the surface to UV radiation to cause the photosensitizer to generate one or more free radicals;wherein the surface is a surface of a produce or a surface of a medical device.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the produce is selected from fresh vegetables claim 1 , fruits and cut fruits.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the associating step comprises a contacting step wherein a wash composition containing the photosensitizer contacts the surface.4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the contacting step is selected from the group consisting of immersing the produce in the wash composition claim 3 , spraying the produce with the wash composition claim 3 , dipping the produce into the wash composition claim 3 , and wiping the produce with the wash composition.5. The process of claim 4 , wherein in said contacting step the produce is immersed in the wash composition.6. The process of claim 4 , wherein in said contacting step the produce is sprayed with the wash composition.7. The process of claim 3 , wherein the ...

FLUID FILTRATION APPARATUS

A fluid filtration apparatus, which includes a plurality of optical fibers each having a length, wherein one or more of the plurality of optical fibers exhibits frustrated total internal reflection, thereby emitting light along the length of one or more of the optical fibers, in combination with a photocatalyst disposed on the plurality of optical fibers and a light source interconnected to the plurality of optical fibers. 1. A method of removing contaminants from a fluid , the method comprising:(a) sensing a velocity of fluid flow through a fluid filtration apparatus with a flow sensor, the fluid filtration apparatus including:a plurality of optical fibers;a photocatalyst disposed on one or more of the optical fibers of the plurality of optical fibers;a light source interconnected to the plurality of optical fibers;an amplifier interconnected to the light source;a housing comprising a fluid intake portion and a fluid discharge portion;the flow sensor disposed proximate to at least one of the fluid intake portion or discharge portion of the housing; anda controller interconnected to the amplifier and the flow sensor;(b) transmitting a signal from the flow sensor to the controller; and(c) responding, by the controller, to the signal by adjusting an intensity of the light source through the amplifier,wherein one or more optical fibers of the plurality of optical fibers exhibits frustrated total internal reflection; andwherein one or more of the optical fibers of the plurality of optical fibers includes a functional form of a radial distribution of the refractive index selected from the group consisting of a step-like functional form, a monotonic functional form, and a quadratic functional form.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adjusting the intensity of the light source activates the photocatalyst.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising activating the photocatalyst with a light intensity sufficient to cause oxidation of a contaminant of the fluid flow.4. ...

WATER TREATMENT METHOD, WATER TREATMENT APPARATUS, AND NON-TRANSITORY COMPUTER-READABLE RECORDING MEDIUM STORING PROGRAM

A water treatment method includes: introducing an aqueous solution containing impurities into a first tank; irradiating, from a light source, photocatalytic particles with ultraviolet light, to turn the aqueous solution introduced into the first tank into primary post-treatment water with which the impurities have been treated; reducing pressure in a first chamber by a filtering pump to filter the primary post-treatment water with a filtering membrane, the filtering separating the primary post-treatment water into the photocatalytic particles stopped at the filtering membrane and secondary post-treatment water that passes through the filtering membrane and does not contain the photocatalytic particles; measuring concentration of photocatalytic particles in the first tank; measuring the difference in pressure between the first chamber and the second chamber; and when the concentration of the photocatalytic particles is equal to or smaller than the first threshold value and the difference in pressure between the first chamber and the second chamber is greater than the second threshold value, supplying air to the filtering membrane by operating a compressor. 1. A water treatment method using a water treatment apparatus that treats impurities , the method comprising: a first tank that stores slurry containing photocatalytic particles;', 'a light source that irradiates the photocatalytic particles with ultraviolet light;', 'a channel;', 'a second tank that is connected to the first tank via the channel;', 'a filtering pump that reduces pressure in the first chamber;', 'a catalyst concentration meter that measures concentration of the photocatalytic particles in the first tank;', 'a first pressure gage that measures the pressure in the first chamber;', 'a second pressure gage that measures pressure in the second chamber; and', 'a compressor that supplies air, wherein, '(a) providing the water treatment apparatus includingthe second tank comprises a membrane;the second ...

A COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND A METHOD TO PREPARE THE COMPOSITE

The invention relates to a composite material, suitable for treating water. The composite material comprises an active layer and a substrate layer, with the active layer including titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles. The active layer is bonded to the substrate layer such that, in use, there is substantially no leaching of the active layer into the body of water. The invention further relates to a method of preparing the composite material.

DATA OUTPUT FOR HIGH FREQUENCY DOMAIN

A system includes memory banks that store data and a data path coupled to the memory banks that transfers the data. The system also includes a latch that gates the data path based on a clock signal in the system. The system further includes interface circuitry coupled to the data path that sends an instruction to the memory banks to transmit the data on the data path in response to receiving a first rising edge of the clock signal. The interface circuitry also outputs gated data in response to receiving a second rising edge of the clock signal. The latch gates the data path to store the gated data in response to receiving a falling edge of the clock signal. 1. An apparatus comprising:one or more memory banks configured to store data;a data path coupled to the one or more memory banks and configured to transfer the data;a latch configured to gate the data path based on a clock signal in the system; and send an instruction to the one or more memory banks to transmit the data on the data path based on the clock signal; and', 'output gated data based on the clock signal, wherein the latch is configured to gate the data path to store the gated data based on the clock signal., 'interface circuitry coupled to the data path, wherein the interface circuitry is configured to2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the interface circuitry is configured to send the instruction in response to receiving a first rising edge of the clock signal.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the interface circuitry is configured to output the gated data in response to receiving a second rising edge of the clock signal.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the latch is configured to gate the data path to store the gated data in response to receiving a falling edge of the clock signal.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the interface circuitry is configured to:send a second instruction to the one or more memory banks to transmit second data on the data path based on an inverted clock signal; ...

KIT FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT, AND MANUFACTURING METHOD FOR AND USE OF PHOTOCATALYST

The present invention relates to a kit for water treatment, comprising: a photocatalyst including at least one of SnFeO, ZnFeO, CuFeO, FeO, MnFeOand NiFeO; and an active oxide. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a photocatalyst and a use of the prepared photocatalyst. 1. A kit for water treatment , comprising:{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '4', '2', '4', '3', '4', '2', '4', '2', '4, 'a photocatalyst including at least one of SnFeO, ZnFeO, CuFeO, FeO, MnFeOand NiFeO; and'}an active oxide.2. The kit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein weight of the photocatalyst claim 1 , the active oxide claim 1 , and an organic pollutant meet the following requirements:{'sup': '5', '0.1≦(weight of the photocatalyst×10)/(weight of the active oxide/weight of the photocatalyst)≦1.3.'}3. The kit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the active oxide includes peroxide claim 1 , superoxide claim 1 , or a combination thereof.4. The kit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a particle size of the photocatalyst is 3 nm to 13 nm.5. The kit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein a particle size of the photocatalyst is 1 nm to 3 nm.6. The kit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst is contained in a first container claim 1 , and the active oxide is contained in a second container.7. A method for manufacturing a photocatalyst claim 1 , comprising the following steps:(A) dissolving a divalent metal precursor and an iron precursor in a first solvent to form a first precursor solution;(B) mixing a second solvent with the first precursor solution to form a first mixed solution, wherein the second solvent is miscible with the first solvent;(C) adding a third solvent into the first mixed solution to obtain a layered solution, wherein third solvent is located at an upper layer of the layered solution, and the first mixed solution is located at a lower layer of the layered solution;{'sub': 2', '4', '2', '4', '2', '4', '3', '4', '2', '4', '2', '4, '(D) stirring the layered solution for carrying ...

PHOTOREACTOR AND FORMULATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF

A non-biological, visible light photoreactor is provided, the photoreactor comprising: a fiberglass sheet, which includes fibers and interstitial spaces between the fibers; and a low iron oxide content, iron-doped titanium dioxide film on the fibers, the film containing about 0.5 atomic percent iron and an iron oxide content of less than about 0.075 atomic percent iron. The photoreactor may be configured as a tube with a light emitting diode housed therein, a cap at one end of the tube that has inlets to accept pressurized air and a plate at the other end of the tube, such that the air is forced through the photoreactor. 1. A non-biological , visible light photoreactor , the photoreactor comprising: a plurality of porous glass , carbon fiber or poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide filter layers , of which an outermost filter layer includes a discontinuous layer of gold , each filter layer including fibers and interstitial spaces between the fibers; and an iron-doped titanium dioxide film on the fibers , the film including a surface that is substantially iron oxide free.2. The photoreactor of claim 1 , wherein the porous glass claim 1 , carbon fiber or poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide filter layers are retained by a frame claim 1 , the frame comprising a cap claim 1 , a plate and support members claim 1 , the support members attached to the cap and the plate and extending therebetween.3. The photoreactor of claim 2 , further comprising a plurality of visible light emitting diodes housed in the frame.4. The photoreactor of claim 3 , wherein the film includes about 0.1 atomic % iron to about 2.0 atomic % iron.5. The photoreactor of claim 4 , further comprising: an anode which is a metal mesh; a cathode which is a metal mesh claim 4 , the anode and the cathode sandwiching the filter layers; and electrical connectors for the anode and the cathode.6. The photoreactor of claim 5 , further comprising: at least one air line which include apertures claim 5 , the air line ...

VISIBLE LIGHT RESPONSIVE PHOTOCATALYST BY HYDROPHILIC MODIFICATION USING POLYMER MATERIAL AND A METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a visible light-responsive photocatalyst with an excellent removal efficiency of environmental contaminants, and a method of preparing the same. 1. A photocatalyst modified by forming a water-repellent coating layer on the surface of a nitrogen (N)-doped photocatalyst with hydrophilic surface modification by an organic silicon polymer and subsequent heat-treating under vacuum via an oxidation of an organic silicon polymer ,wherein the modified photocatalyst allows water molecules to adsorb on the surface thereof and to react with holes, thereby forming hydroxyl radicals.2. The modified photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the modified photocatalyst can absorb light in the visible light range of 400 nm to 800 nm claim 1 , light in the infrared-light region of 800 nm or longer claim 1 , or both types of light due to nitrogen doping.3. The modified photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the modified photocatalyst takes on a green color claim 1 , a blue color claim 1 , or a blue-green color due to nitrogen doping.4. The modified photocatalyst of claim 1 , wherein the TiOsubstituted with nitrogen ions at oxygen position is modified by coating with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and heat-treating under vacuum claim 1 , thereby forming an oxygen vacancy within the TiOlattice and converting the methyl group of PDMS into a carboxyl group.5. A method for preparing the N-doped photocatalyst via a gas sintering method using high-purity ammonia gas claim 1 ,{'sup': '3', 'wherein the flow rate of ammonia gas is controlled to be 50 cm/min or higher,'}{'sup': '3', 'thereby forming an N-doped photocatalyst with an improved light absorption rate in the visible light range of 400 nm to 800 nm or in the infrared-light region of 800 nm or longer, as compared to that of an N-doped photocatalyst prepared at 50 cm/min.'}6. The method of claim 5 , wherein a bluish-colored N-doped photocatalyst is formed by controlling the flow rate of ammonia gas.7. The method of ...

PHOTOCATALYTIC FILTER

Disclosed herein is a photocatalytic filter, which includes a plurality of cross-linked polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/ionic liquid (IL)/TiOnanocomposite pellets, and a photocatalytic vessel. The plurality of cross-linked PMMA/IL/TiOnanocomposite pellets is placed within the photocatalytic vessel. Each cross-linked PMMA/IL/TiOnanocomposite pellet includes a PMMA polymeric matrix, and a plurality of IL/TiOcore-shell microspheres dispersed within the PMMA polymeric matrix. Moreover, each IL/TiOcore-shell microsphere includes a core of IL and a shell of TiOnanoparticles. 1. A photocatalytic filter , comprising:{'sub': 2', '2, 'claim-text': a PMMA polymeric matrix; and', {'sub': 2', '2', '2, 'a plurality of IL/TiOcore-shell microspheres dispersed within the PMMA polymeric matrix, each IL/TiOcore-shell microsphere comprising a core of IL and a shell of TiOnanoparticles; and'}], 'a plurality of cross-linked polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/ionic liquid (IL)/TiOnanocomposite pellets, each cross-linked PMMA/IL/TiOnanocomposite pellet comprisinga photocatalytic vessel,{'sub': '2', 'wherein the plurality of cross-linked PMMA/IL/TiOnanocomposite pellets is placed within the photocatalytic vessel.'}2. The photocatalytic filter according to claim 1 , wherein the cross-linked PMMA/IL/TiOnanocomposite pellets has a porosity between 50% and 70%.3. The photocatalytic filter according to claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic filter is a visible-light-responsive filter.4. The photocatalytic filter according to claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic vessel is made up of non-cross-linked PMMA/IL/TiOnanocomposite.5. The photocatalytic filter according to claim 1 , wherein the TiOis present in the cross-linked PMMA/IL/TiOnanocomposite pellets with a concentration of less than 0.05% of the weight of the cross-linked PMMA/IL/TiOnanocomposite pellets.6. The photocatalytic filter according to claim 5 , wherein the IL comprises 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM] [BF]).7. The ...

LOW TEMPERATURE, NANOSTRUCTURED CERAMIC COATINGS

A substrate subject to degradation at temperatures above 100° C. is coated with a nanostructured ceramic coating having a thickness in excess of 100 nm, formed on a surface of the substrate, wherein a process temperature for deposition of the nanostructured coating does not exceed 90° C. The coating may be photocatalytic, photovoltaic, or piezoelectric. The coating, when moistened and exposed to ultraviolet light or sunlight, advantageously generates free radicals, which may be biocidal, deodorizing, or assist in degradation of surface deposits on the substrate after use. The substrate may be biological or organic, and may have a metallic or conductive intermediate layer. 1. A formed polymeric object , comprising:a substrate subject to degradation at temperatures above 100° C.; anda nanostructured ceramic coating having a thickness in excess of 100 nm, comprising at least one of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, formed by deposition from a supersaturated aqueous solution of ceramic precursor on a surface of the substrate,wherein a process temperature for deposition of the nanostructured coating does not exceed 90° C.2. The formed polymeric object according to claim 1 , wherein the nanostructured ceramic coating comprises titanium oxide.3. The formed polymeric object according to claim 1 , wherein the nanostructured ceramic coating comprises zinc oxide.4. The formed polymeric object according to claim 1 , wherein the nanostructured ceramic coating comprises a photocatalytic coating.5. The formed polymeric object according to claim 1 , wherein the nanostructured ceramic coating comprises at least one of a photovoltaic coating and a piezoelectric coating.6. The formed polymeric object according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: wood claim 1 , wood composite materials claim 1 , paper claim 1 , cardboard claim 1 , bamboo claim 1 , cotton claim 1 , linen claim 1 , hemp claim 1 , and jute.7. The formed polymeric ...

FUNGICIDE, PHOTO CATALYTIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL, ADSORBENT, AND DEPURATIVE

Disclosed herein is a fungicide, including: a porous carbon material; and a silver member adhered to the porous carbon material, wherein a value of a specific surface area based on a nitrogen BET, namely Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller method is equal to or larger than 10 m/g, and a volume of a fine pore based on a BJH, namely Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda method and an MP, namely Micro Pore method is equal to or larger than 0.1 cm/g. 1. A photo catalytic composite material comprising:a porous carbon material; anda photo catalytic material adhered to said porous carbon material,{'sup': 2', '3, 'wherein a value of a specific surface area based at least in part on a nitrogen BET method is greater than or equal to 10 m/g, and a volume of a fine pore based at least in part on a BJH method and an MP method is greater than or equal to 0.1 cm/g.'}2. The photo catalytic composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said photo catalytic material absorbs an energy of a light having a wavelength between 200 to 600 nm.3. The photo catalytic composite material according to claim 1 , further comprising a titanium oxide doped either with a cation or with an anion.4. The photo catalytic composite material according to claim 3 , wherein the cation includes at least one of a chromium ion claim 3 , an iron ion claim 3 , a silver ion claim 3 , a platinum ion claim 3 , a copper ion claim 3 , a tungsten ion claim 3 , or claim 3 , a cobalt ion and a nickel ion.5. The photo catalytic composite material according to claim 1 , wherein silicon oxide is removed away from the porous carbon material.6. The photo catalytic composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the porous carbon material has a distribution of fine pores with a peak in a range of 3 to 20 nm.7. The photo catalytic composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the porous carbon material includes silicon.8. A depurative obtained from the photo catalytic composite material according to .9. An adsorbent comprising:a ...

Method for Photocatalytic Ozonation Reaction, Catalyst for photocatalytic ozonation and Reactor Containing the Same

The present disclosure relates to a method for photocatalytic ozonation reaction, in which the silicon carbide material is used. By using the silicon carbide material for photocatalytic ozonation reaction, the present disclosure overcomes the problem of low photocatalytic efficiency of silicon carbide, utilizes photogenerated electrons therefrom with strong reducibility to reduce ozone molecules to efficiently produce hydroxyl radicals, so as to improve the oxidation capacity in the process. Whether visible light or ultraviolet light is coupled with ozone, the group has strong catalytic activity, moreover, the silicon carbide has low cost and good stability, which prolongs the life of catalyst for photocatalytic ozonation or device.

ORGANIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHOD BASED ON MULTI-ELEMENT CO-DOPING TIO2 NANO PHOTOCATALYTIC MATERIAL

An organic wastewater treatment method based on a multi-element co-doping TiOnano photocatalytic material includes preparing a sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture, hydrothermally reacting the sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture with copper chloride, ammonia, strong alkali, a transition metal salt and the like, reacting the resulting reaction product with hydrofluoric acid, then performing temperature programming thermal treatment in air to obtain the multi-element co-doping TiOnano photocatalytic material, and then treating organic wastewater with the multi-element co-doping TiOnano photocatalytic material under the irradiation of visible light. The organic wastewater treatment method is efficient and rapid, safe and environmental-friendly, can thoroughly degrade many types of organic pollutants, ammonia nitrogen and the like, and does not cause secondary pollution; furthermore, the adopted multi-element co-doping TiOnano photocatalytic material can be regenerated and recycled only by simple calcination, and the cost is inexpensive. 1. An organic wastewater treatment method based on a multi-element co-doping TiOnano photocatalytic material , comprising:(1) successively adding butyl titanate and titanium disulfide into absolute ethyl alcohol, continuously stirring until a dropwise addition is completed, then dropwise adding a nitric acid solution, and stirring for 1-2 h in a water bath at 30-60° C. to obtain a sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture;(2) adding the sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture into a copper chloride solution, and successively adding an alkaline aqueous solution and a transition metal salt aqueous solution, transferring an obtained mixture into a hydrothermal reactor, and continuously reacting for 10-20 h at 150-160° C.;(3) performing a suction filtration on a reaction mixture obtained in step (2), washing an obtained filter cake to be neutral with a deionized water, drying for 1-2 h in a vacuum at 60-80° C., uniformly mixing a dried filter cake with a hydrofluoric ...

MEMBRANE FOR OIL-WATER SEPARATION AND SIMULTANEOUS REMOVAL OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS

An oil-water separation membrane is described. The oil-water separation membrane comprises a porous metal sheet with a photocatalyst layer on one side and a layer of nanoparticles and a surfactant on the other side. The layer of nanoparticles and surfactant create a superoleophobic and superhydrophilic coating that allows passage of an aqueous phase and rejection of an oil phase. The photocatalyst layer, combined with UV irradiation, enables degradation of organic contaminants in the aqueous phase. The oil-water separation membrane may be used as part of an oil-water separation system, and a filtered water product may be recycled through the membrane to increase the removal of organic contaminants. 1. An oil-water separation membrane , comprising:a porous metal sheet with a first side and a second side, a first layer in direct contact with the first side of the porous metal sheet, wherein the first layer comprises nanoparticles and an adhesive, and', 'a surfactant deposited on the first layer, and, 'a feed side coating deposited on the first side of the porous metal sheet, the feed side coating comprisinga permeate side coating deposited on the second side of the porous metal sheet, the permeate side coating comprising a layer of photocatalyst nanoparticles.2. The oil-water separation membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous metal sheet has a thickness of 40-100 μm and a pore size of 0.5-4 μm.3. The oil-water separation membrane of claim 1 , wherein the porous metal sheet comprises steel.4. The oil-water separation membrane of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles are silica nanoparticles with a diameter of 5-100 nm.5. The oil-water separation membrane of claim 1 , wherein the adhesive comprises a cyanoacrylate in reacted form.6. The oil-water separation membrane of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is an amphoteric fluorosurfactant.7. The oil-water separation membrane of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst nanoparticles have a diameter of 25-100 nm.8. The oil-water ...

Preparation method of a visible-light-driven cc@sns2/sno2 composite catalyst, and application thereof

The present invention disclosed preparation method of a visible-light-driven CC@SnS 2 /SnO 2 composite catalyst, and application thereof, comprising the following steps: preparing CC@SnS 2 composite material in a solvent by using SnCl 4 .5H 2 O and C 2 H 5 NS as raw materials and carbon fiber cloth as a supporting material; calcining said CC@SnS 2 composite material to obtain the visible-light-driven CC@SnS 2 /SnO 2 composite catalyst. The present invention overcomes defects of the traditional methods of treating chromium-containing wastewater, including chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange resin and electrolysis, and the photocatalytic technology can make full use of solar light source or artificial light source without adding adsorbent or reducing agent. In this case, the use of semiconductor photocatalyst to convert hexavalent chromium in chromium wastewater into less toxic and easily precipitated trivalent chromium greatly reduces the cost and energy consumption.

Hollow porous carbon nitride nanospheres composite loaded with agbr nanoparticles, preparation method thereof, and its application in dye degradation

A hollow porous carbon nitride nanospheres composite loaded with AgBr nanoparticles, preparation method thereof, and its application in dye degradation are disclosed. Using silica nanosphere with core-shell structure as a template and hydrogen cyanamide as precursor, melting to enter the pores of mesoporous silica, after calcination, the silica template is etched with ammonium bifluoride to obtain hollow porous carbon nitride nanospheres; dispersing hollow porous carbon nitride nanospheres in deionized water, adding silver nitrate and sodium bromide in sequence, and obtaining silver bromide nanoparticles by in-situ ion exchange method, stirring, washing and centrifuging to obtain the hollow porous carbon nitride nanospheres composite. The hollow porous carbon nitride prepared by the template method has good photocatalytic effect on dye degradation after composite with silver bromide; and it has the advantages of easy production of raw materials, good stability, reusability, etc. It has application prospects in the treatment of dyes.

Iodine doped bismuthyl carbonate nanosheet and molybdenum disulfide modified carbon nanofiber composites, preparation method and application thereof

Iodine doped bismuthyl carbonate nanosheet and molybdenum disulfide modified carbon nanofiber composites, preparation method and its application in wastewater treatment are disclosed. Bismuth citrate and sodium carbonate as precursors, sodium carbonate as a precipitating agent, dispersed in a mixed solution of water and ethylene glycol, sodium iodide as a iodine source, nano carbon fiber membrane act as the carrier, to synthesis carbon fiber membrane that modified by iodine-doped Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 nanosheets; then sodium molybdate and thioacetamide as precursors, dispersed in water to react to obtain iodine doped bismuthyl carbonate nanosheet and molybdenum disulfide modified carbon nanofiber composites. The composite material synthesized through a series of steps exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine B and can be recycled for many times. And this invention has the advantages of simple preparation process, easy recovery and multiple use, etc., and has industrial application prospect in water pollution treatment.

Advanced Oxidation Process Methods for Degasification of Reactor Vessel

According to various aspects and embodiments, a system and method for treating groundwater contaminated with an organic contaminant is provided. According to some embodiments, the contaminated groundwater is treated by introducing a persulfate to produce a first treated aqueous solution, exposing the first treated aqueous solution to ultraviolet light to produce a second treated aqueous solution and one or more gases, and removing the one or more gases generated from exposing the first treated aqueous solution to the ultraviolet light.

Fluid flow vessel and photochemical reactor

A fluid flow-through device and a photochemical reactor. The fluid flow-through device ( 1 ) includes an outer tube ( 2 ) having an outer surface ( 21 ) and an inner surface ( 22 ); and an inner tube ( 3 ) having an outer surface ( 31 ) and an inner surface ( 32 ), the inner tube being disposed inside the outer tube and forming a channel of a fluid by the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface, with a distance between the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the inner tube in a thickness direction of the outer tube being from 100 nm to 5 mm. The photochemical reactor includes the fluid flow-through device and a photocatalyst disposed on at least one surface of the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surface of the inner tube.

WATER PURIFICATION AND WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM DECONTAMINATION APPARATUS

A water sanitizing system including a supply system having a supply conduit with a conduit length; a light-diffusing optical fiber in the conduit that substantially spans the conduit length; and an ultraviolet light source configured to inject ultraviolet light rays into the fiber. The fiber includes: (a) a first end and a second end, the ends defining a fiber length, (b) a core region comprising fused silica having a plurality of scattering sites, and (c) a cladding over the core region, the cladding having an outer photocatalyst region doped with a metal oxide. The cladding may comprise a polymer coating. The fiber is configured to propagate the light rays from the first end toward the second end of the fiber, and scatter the rays in substantially radial directions out of the core region of the fiber at the plurality of scattering sites, and through the photocatalyst region. 1. An optical fiber for sanitizing a water supply system , comprising: (a) a length,', '(b) a core region comprising fused silica having a plurality of scattering sites, and', '(c) a cladding over the core region, the cladding having an outer photocatalyst region doped with a metal oxide,, 'a light-diffusing optical fiber that includeswherein the fiber is configured to propagate ultraviolet light rays along the length, and scatter the ultraviolet light rays in substantially radial directions out of the core region of the fiber at the plurality of scattering sites, through the photocatalyst region.2. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the fiber is further configured to scatter the ultraviolet light at an attenuation loss of less than or equal to about 20 dB/m.3. The optical fiber according to claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst region within the cladding is defined by a thickness ranging from about 0.1 μm to about 10 μm.4. The optical fiber according to claim 3 , wherein the metal oxide photocatalyst is titanium dioxide and the photocatalyst region is doped with the titanium ...

Plasmonic assisted systems and methods for interior energy-activation from an exterior source

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

Visible light catalyst, preparation and application thereof

A visible light catalyst, its preparation method, a visible light catalyst activated persulfate system and its use. The visible light catalyst includes a carbon material, a transition metal compound and a coating material. The carbon material is conductive carbon material, and the transition metal compound is selected from one or more of transition metal oxides, transition metal sulfides, and acid or salt compounds containing a transition metal. The visible light catalyst has high visible light photocatalytic activity and performance of degrading organic pollutants and activating persulfate which can result in synergistically degrading degradation-resistant organic pollutants.

APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF SMALL WATER CLUSTER AND SMALL MOLECULAR CLUSTER WATER PREPARED THEREFROM

The invention provides an apparatus of treating water to obtain small water cluster, which comprises one or more illumination devices and one or more holders holding metal particles. The invention also provides a method of preparing the small water cluster and the small water cluster prepared from the apparatus or the method. 1. A water treatment apparatus for preparing small water cluster , comprising one or more illumination devices and one or more holders holding metal particles capable of surface plasma resonance , provided that the holder allows illumination of the metal particles.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the holder is a transparent hollow column or hollow container having one or more inlets and one or more outlets and optionally the one or more outlets have a switching control valve claim 1 , wherein the transparent hollow column or hollow container fills with metal particles capable of surface plasma resonance.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the outlet of the column is narrower than the inlet of the column.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the illumination device is a light source providing a wavelength ranging from 100 nm to 3 claim 1 ,000 nm.5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the illumination device is a daylight lamp claim 1 , LED lamp claim 1 , lamp bulb claim 1 , mercury lamp claim 1 , metal halide lamp claim 1 , sodium lamp or halogen lamp.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the LED lamp is an LED green lamp.7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the metal particle is a nano-gold particle claim 1 , a nano-silver particle claim 1 , a nano-platinum particle claim 1 , a nano-rhodium particle claim 1 , a nano-copper particle claim 1 , a nano-nickel particle claim 1 , a nano-zirconium particle claim 1 , a nano-alloy particle claim 1 , a nano-TiOparticle claim 1 , a nano-gold/silver particle claim 1 , a nano-gold/TiOparticle claim 1 , or a combination thereof.8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the metal particle is a nano-gold ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PERFORMING THE BACTERIAL DISINFECTION OF A FLUID USING POINT RADIATION SOURCES

A system for disinfecting a fluid, including: a flow cell including one or more inlet ports and one or more outlet ports, wherein the flow cell is configured to communicate a fluid containing a biological contaminant from the one or more inlet ports to the one or more outlet portions through an interior portion thereof; and one or more point radiation sources disposed about the flow cell, wherein the one or more point radiation sources are operable for delivering radiation to the biological contaminant; wherein an interior surface of the flow cell is operable for reflecting the radiation delivered to the biological contaminant by the one or more point radiation sources; and wherein the interior surface of the flow cell is operable for reflecting the radiation delivered to the biological contaminant by the one or more point radiation sources such that a radiation intensity is uniform throughout the interior portion of the flow cell. In one exemplary embodiment, the flow cell is an integrating sphere. Optionally, the system also includes a photocatalyzing material disposed on at least a portion of the interior surface of the flow cell. 1. A system for disinfecting a fluid , comprising:a flow cell comprising one or more inlet ports and one or more outlet ports, wherein the floss cell is configured to communicate a fluid from the one or more inlet ports to the one or more outlet ports through an interior portion thereof; andone or more point radiation sources disposed about the flow cell, wherein the one or more point radiation sources are operable for delivering radiation to the fluid;wherein an interim surface of the flow cell is operable for reflecting the radiation delivered to the fluid by the one or more point radiation sources;wherein the flow cell is an integrating cavity comprising curved and concaved opposed interior surfaces;wherein the one or more point radiation sources are disposed about a periphery of the integrating cavity;wherein the interior surface is ...

FLUID DISINFECTION APPARATUS AND METHODS

Aspects of exemplary fluid disinfection apparatus and methods are described. One aspect is a disinfection apparatus comprising a body comprising a reflecting chamber, a fluid channel to direct a fluid into reflecting chamber, and radiation source positioned to output a disinfecting radiation into the chamber. The body may include an inlet and outlet. For example, the inlet may extend through the body to receive a fluid at a first velocity; the reflecting chamber may extend along an axis of the body; and the outlet may extend through an end of the reflecting chamber to discharge the fluid from the body. In this example, the fluid channel may direct the fluid from the inlet into the reflecting chamber at a second velocity smaller than the first velocity; and the radiation source may be positioned to output the disinfecting radiation into the reflecting chamber toward the outlet. 1. A reactor apparatus comprising:a body including an inlet extending through the body to receive a fluid at a first velocity, a reflecting chamber extending along an axis of the body, and an outlet extending through an end of the reflecting chamber to discharge the fluid from the body;a fluid channel in the body to direct a fluid from the inlet into the reflecting chamber at a second velocity smaller than the first velocity; anda radiation source positioned to output a disinfecting radiation into the reflecting chamber toward the outlet.2. The apparatus of wherein at least an opening of the inlet is generally transverse with the axis.3. The apparatus of wherein at least an opening of the outlet is generally parallel to the axis.4. The apparatus of wherein at least an opening of the outlet is coaxial with the axis.5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the radiation source is coaxial with the axis so that a portion of the disinfecting radiation is discharged from the outlet with the fluid.6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the portion of discharged radiation further disinfects the fluid ...

Water faucet with integrated contact and contamination protector and photocatalytic disinfection

A water faucet for the supply of germ-free water for human consumption comprises a faucet housing which is spatially separated from a water pipe that is arranged within the faucet housing. A contact protector with overflow openings is provided on a water outlet end of the faucet housing. The overflow openings prevent contaminated water from entering into the faucet, even if the water outlet of the faucet were to be blocked. An aerator is fastened on a discharge end of the water pipe inside the faucet housing. An air-gap is provided between the aerator and the water outlet opening of the contact protector. Internal surfaces of the faucet housing and of the contact protector are coated with a photocatalytic material such as titanium dioxide and are exposed to UV-A light from an ultraviolet light source while and after water is flowing through the water pipe. 1. A water faucet , comprising:a base;a water pipe extending from an inlet end at the base towards a discharge end;an ultraviolet light source disposed at the discharge end of the water pipe; anda housing surrounding the water pipe and the ultraviolet light source, the housing extending from the base to a water outlet end, the water outlet end being arranged below the discharge end of the water pipe,wherein the housing is separated from the water pipe by an air gap, andwherein an inner surface of the housing is coated with a photocatalytic coating.2. The water faucet as in wherein the housing does not contact the water pipe outwardly of the base.3. The water faucet as in claim 1 , wherein the photocatalytic coating is titanium dioxide.4. The water faucet as in claim 1 , further comprising a contact protector disposed at the water outlet end of the housing claim 1 , wherein the contact protector comprises a conical outlet funnel having an inner surface that is coated with titanium dioxide claim 1 , the conical outlet funnel being arranged concentrically below the discharge end of the water pipe in direct view of ...

Photocatalytic metamaterial based on plasmonic near perfect optical absorbers

The present disclosure provides a photocatalyst that can utilize plasmon resonance based, near-perfect optical absorption for performing and enhancing photocatalytic reactions. The photocatalyst comprises a substrate and a reflective layer adjacent to the substrate. The reflective layer is configured to reflect light. The photocatalyst further comprises a spacer layer adjacent to the reflective layer. The spacer layer is formed of a semiconductor material or insulator and is at least partially transparent to light. A nanocomposite layer adjacent to the spacer layer is formed of a particles embedded in a matrix. The matrix can comprise a semiconductor, insulator or in some cases metallic pores. The particles can be metallic. Upon exposure to light, the particles can absorb far field electromagnetic radiation and excite plasmon resonances that interact with the reflective layer to form electromagnetic resonances.

Device for uv-led liquid monitoring and treatment

A liquid treatment device includes a base with a power source, a UV-LED module for providing UV-B or UV-C light to liquid, an LED for providing visible light, and a processor for selectively powering the UV-LED module and the LED, and having a UV transmissive material above the UV-LED module for allowing the UV-B or UV-C band light from the UV-LED module to be transmitted from the base housing, and a liquid storage housing removably coupled to the base housing with a storage portion configured to hold liquid and having a bottom portion comprising a UV transmissive material for allowing the UV-B or UV-C band light from the UV-LED module to be transmitted into the liquid, and an output coupled for restricting outflow of the liquid from the storage portion.

PHOTOCATALYTIC COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND USE

A photocatalytic composition is disclosed that includes a silver halide in combination with one or more rare earth elements. The composition may be used for the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. 1. A composition comprising a silver halide combined with one or more rare earth elements selected from the group consisting of Sc , Y , La , Ce , Pm , Sm , Eu , Gd , Dy , Ho , Tm , Yb , and Lu.2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has activity as a UV or a visible light photocatalyst.3. (canceled)4. (canceled)5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the silver halide is doped with any of the elements selected from the group of Ce claim 1 , Sm claim 1 , and Eu.6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the elements have a wt. % of about 1 to about 5%.7. (canceled)8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a cycle life of the composition is at least about 20% greater than a cycle life of the silver halide without the rare earth element(s).9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a cycle life of the composition is at least about 6 cycles.10. (canceled)11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the light trapping property of the composition is about 5% to about 15% greater than the light trapping property of the silver halide without the rare earth element(s).12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a separation of photo-generated electron-holes of the composition is greater than a separation of photo-generated electron-holes of the silver halide without the rare earth element(s).13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a separation of photo-generated electron-holes of the composition is about 5% to about 15% greater than a separation of photo-generated electron-holes of the silver halide without the rare earth element(s).14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a degradation efficiency of at least about 70%.15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of the rare earth element to the silver halide is about 0.01% to about 10%.1630 ...

Method of photocatalytic degradation of contaminant in water using visible light source

The present invention relates to a novel catalyst and a process for a photo-catalytic degradation of ether-based contaminants such as methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in water using a visible light source. The catalyst composition demonstrated complete degradation of MTBE at a room temperature in a photo-catalytic reaction conducted using a visible light source.

PHOTOCATALYSTS BASED ON BISMUTH OXYHALIDE, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND USES THEREOF

The invention provides a process for the preparation of bismuth oxyhalide, comprising a precipitation of bismuth oxyhalide in an acidic aqueous medium in the presence of a reducing agent. Also provided are bismuth oxyhalide compounds doped with elemental bismuth B, The use of Bidoped bismuth oxyhalide as photocatalysts in water purification is also described. 1) A process for the preparation of bismuth oxyhalide , comprising a precipitation of bismuth oxyhalide in an acidic aqueous medium in the presence of a reducing agent.2) A process according to claim 1 , comprising combining at least one bismuth salt and at least one halide source in an acidic aqueous medium in the presence of a reducing agent claim 1 , and isolating a precipitate formed.3) A process according to claim 2 , wherein the halide source is an organic halide salt.4) A process according to claim 3 , wherein the organic halide salt is selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts represented by the formulas N+RRRRCl claim 3 , N+RRRRBr and their mixture claim 3 , wherein R claim 3 , R claim 3 , Rand Rare alkyl groups claim 3 , which may be the same or different.5) A process according to claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent comprises hydride.6) A process according to claim 5 , wherein the reducing agent is borohydride.7) A process according to claim 1 , wherein the acidic aqueous medium comprises an organic acid.8) A process according to claim 1 , wherein the bismuth oxyhalide is selected from the group consisting of BiOCl claim 1 , BiOBr and BiOClBrwherein y is in the range from 0.5 to 0.95.9) A process according to claim 8 , wherein the bismuth oxyhalide is BiOClBrwherein y is in the range from 0.6 to 0.95.10) A process according to claim 1 , wherein the so-formed bismuth oxyhalide is doped with elemental bismuth Bi.11) A process according to claim 10 , wherein the bismuth oxyhalide is selected from the group consisting of:){'sup': '(0)', 'Bidoped-BiOCl;'}{'sup': '(0)', 'Bidoped-BiOBr ...

MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED CATALYSTS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USING THE SAME

Molecularly imprinted catalysts are disclosed. The catalysts can include a core and a layer at least partially encapsulating the core. The core can include a titania-based photocatalyst. The layer can include titania covalently coupled to one or more silane coupling agents having an organic functional group. The layer can also include one or more molecular-sized cavities configured to selectively receive one or more contaminants. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the molecularly imprinted catalyst, as well as apparatuses and compositions including the molecularly imprinted catalyst. 1. A molecularly imprinted catalyst comprising:a core comprising a titania-based photocatalyst; anda layer at least partially encapsulating the core, the layer comprising titania covalently coupled to one or more silane coupling agents having an organic functional group, wherein the layer further comprises one or more molecular-sized cavities configured to selectively receive one or more contaminants.2. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the titania-based photocatalyst comprises at least 50% by weight titania.3. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the titania-based photocatalyst comprises doped titania.4. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the titania-based photocatalyst comprises an anatase phase.5. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the core has a largest dimension less than or equal to about 1 μm.6. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the molecular-sized cavities have a largest dimension less than or equal to about 100 nm.78-. (canceled)9. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the silane coupling agents comprise at least one of N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane claim 1 , N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane claim 1 , 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane claim 1 , 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane claim 1 , 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane claim 1 , (N-trimethoxysilylpropyl)polyethyleneimine claim 1 , trimethoxysilylpropyldiethylenetriamine claim 1 , 3- ...

ROTATIONALLY SYMMETRIC PHOTOANALYTIC REACTOR FOR WATER PURIFICATION

Devices, systems, and methods for the purification of water with a photoreactor. A continuous flow water purification photoreactor having a water inlet, a plurality of illumination sources disposed about a central axis facing and having n-fold rotational symmetry about the central axis, a reaction tube, and a water outlet. The reaction tube including a set of bundled rods having m×n-fold symmetry wherein the bundled rods include a photocatalyst support material at least partially coated with a photocatalyst film. 1. A continuous flow water purification photoreactor , comprising:a water inlet;a plurality of illumination sources disposed about a central axis facing and having n-fold rotational symmetry about the central axis, where n is a whole number; 'a set of bundled rods having m×n-fold symmetry, where m is a rational number and wherein the bundled rods comprise a photocatalyst support material at least partially coated with a photocatalyst film; and', 'a reaction tube comprisinga water outlet, wherein the water inlet is fluidly coupled to a proximal end of the reaction tube and the water outlet is fluidly coupled to a distal end of the reaction tube.2. The continuous flow water purification photoreactor of claim 1 , further comprising a housing.3. The continuous flow water purification photoreactor of claim 1 , wherein the illumination sources comprise LEDs emitting in a UV range.4. The continuous flow water purification photoreactor of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst support material comprises quartz and/or fused silica.5. The continuous flow water purification photoreactor of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst support material is porous allowing water to pass through.6. The continuous flow water purification photoreactor of claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst comprises TiO7. A water purification system claim 1 , comprising a continuous flow water purification photoreactor coupled to a water source claim 1 , the continuous flow water purification ...

Method for purification of substances contaminated with organic chemicals

The present invention provides a method for purifying organic chemical-containing contaminated substances by which various organic chemicals (contaminants) can be readily and sufficiently decomposed in a short time, the method comprising the steps of adding a metal salt and a transition metal ionic compound to water or soil that contains organic chemicals, decomposing the organic chemicals by irradiating with light, and separating/collecting the detoxified organic chemicals.

PLASMONIC ASSISTED SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTERIOR ENERGY-ACTIVATION FROM AN EXTERIOR SOURCE

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent. 1. A method for producing a change in a medium , comprising:(1) placing inside the medium an activatable agent,(2) placing inside the medium a photon emitter which is capable of emitting therefrom at least one of ultraviolet and visible light into the medium to be treated;(2) emitting from said photon emitter said at least one of ultraviolet and visible light at one or more positions inside the medium to be to be treated; and(3) inducing from the light emitted into the medium a photoreactive change inside the medium.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said activatable agent is capable of producing a pharmacological claim 1 , cellular claim 1 , chemical claim 1 , electrical claim 1 , or mechanical effect in a medium.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said photon emitter comprises a down converter excited by x-ray or a high energy source.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said photon emitter comprises an up converter excited by an infrared source.5. Method of claim 1 , wherein said photon emitter comprises a plasmonics agent for enhancing an intensity of the light emitted into the medium.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said photon emitter comprises a light needle emitting said at least one of ultraviolet and visible light.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said photon emitter comprises a fiber optic emitting said at least one of ultraviolet and visible light.8. The ...

A method using photocatalytic electrode coupled with microbial fuel cell to promote treatment of coking wastewater

A method of promoting the treatment of coking wastewater using photocatalytic electrode coupled with microbial fuel cellin the technical field of coking wastewater treatment, energy-saving and resource utilization. La-ZnIn2S4/RGO/BiVO4 and silica sol were fixed and coated on stainless steel mesh to form conductive catalytic composite membrane electrode. HSO3−was added to coking wastewater. Graphite Carbon rods are inserted into the anodic chamber with microorganisms and connected the cathode with wires to form circuit loops. Halogen tungsten lamp was applied as light source to act on the catalytic electrode, forming a coupled system with photocatalytic electrode and microbial fuel cell for treating coking wastewater. The effects of La-ZnIn2S4/RGO/BiVO4 catalysts with different RGO contents on the catalytic degradation of coking wastewater were realized, and the effects of NaHSO3 and Na2SO4 solutions at the same concentration on the degradation of coking wastewater were also realized.

Compositions and methods for removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (pfas)

The invention relates to composite compositions including a carbonaceous material and a photocatalyst. The invention includes compositions and various methods, including methods for removing one or more contaminants from a substance such as air, soil, and water.

PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS AND DYES USING VISIBLE ACTIVE BIOX PHOTOCATALYST

Provided is a visible active photocatalyst of formula BiOX wherein X=P or S and process of preparation and use thereof. Use of the catalyst is demonstrated in the photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical drug pollutants and pollutant dyes using solar radiation or artificial radiation. 1. A visible active photocatalyst active in the visible and UV regions of the electromagnetic spectrum , of formula BiOX wherein X=P or S , said catalyst active for degradation of an organic compound.2. The visible active photocatalyst according to claim 1 , wherein the photocatalyst is selected from the group consisting of BiOS and BiOP.3. The visible active photocatalyst according to in porous particle form.4. The visible active photocatalyst according to claim 3 , wherein the photocatalyst is BiOS particles having a size in the range of from 80 nm to 240 nm claim 3 , and a surface area in the range of 100 to 110.2 m/g.5. The visible active photocatalyst according to claim 3 , wherein a BiOS photocatalyst has an average pore size of 3.95 nm and an average pore volume of 0.109 cm/g.6. A process for the preparation of visible active photocatalyst active in the visible and UV regions of the electromagnetic spectrum claim 3 , of formula BiOX wherein X=P or S claim 3 , said process comprising steps of:(a) adding bismuth (III) oxide to ethanol to form a mixture;(b) stirring the mixture of step (a) and adding concentrated sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid at 40° C. to form a reaction mixture;(c) sonicating the reaction mixture of step (b) for 1 hr; and(d) calcining the sonicated product of (c) at 500° C. for 12 hrs. to produce the photocatalyst.7. The process of wherein the product of step (c) is washed with ethanol or deionized water or alternately with ethanol and with deionized water and vacuum dried before calcination.8. A process of degrading at least one organic pollutant comprising: exposing the pollutant in liquid medium claim 6 , the pollutant in a concentration range of 1-1000 ...

DEVICE FOR UV-LED LIQUID MONITORING AND TREATMENT

A treatment device includes a base having a battery, a UV-LED for providing UV-C light during a UV sterilization process, LEDs for providing visible light during the UV sterilization process, and a controller for initiating the UV sterilization process, a translucent ring on the base for receiving the visible light from the LEDs and outputting it to the user, a first coupling structure on the base, a UV transmissive material above the UV-LED module, and a water storage removably coupled to the base having a sidewall structure for confining water, a second coupling structure below the sidewall structure for coupling with the first coupling structure to thereby create a water-tight seal between the water storage and the base, and a translucent material disposed upon the top opening of the water storage for receiving the visible light from the LEDs and outputting it to the user. 1. A water treatment device comprises: a power source;', 'a UV-LED module electrically coupled to the power source, wherein the UV-LED module is configured to provide UV-C band light;', 'a plurality of LEDs electrically coupled to the power source, wherein the plurality of LEDs are configured to provide visible light; and', 'a processor electrically coupled to the power source, the UV-LED module, and to the plurality of LEDs, wherein the processor is configured to specify parameters for power from the power source to the UV-LED module to the power source, wherein the processor is configured to specify parameters for power from the power source to the plurality of LEDs;, 'a base housing comprisinga visual indicator portion disposed on a first top portion the base housing and optically coupled to the plurality of LEDs, wherein the visual indicator portion is configured to receive the visible light from the plurality of LEDs and is configured to provide at least a portion of the visible light outwards in a radial direction;a first physical coupling structure disposed on a second top portion of the ...

Water treatment method and water treatment apparatus

A water treatment method includes: calculating a total amount of ions contained in a total amount of an aqueous solution introduced into a first tank; when the calculated total amount of ions is greater than a first threshold value, introducing part of slurry in the first tank into a second tank; introducing, with an introducing unit, one of a marker molecule and a stain into the second tank; irradiating, from a second light source, the second tank with visible light; detecting, with a detector, first intensity of the visible light having transmitted through the second tank; and outputting, when the activity of photocatalytic particles calculated based on the first intensity is equal to or smaller than a second threshold value, information prompting replacement of the photocatalytic particles, an instruction of recovering the activity of the photocatalytic particles, or information indicative of deterioration of the photocatalytic particles.

Antimicrobial compositions made of a thermoplastic polymer and a photosensitizer

Compositions comprising a polymeric matrix made of a thermoplastic polymer and a photosensitizer incorporated in the polymeric matrix are provided. Also provided are processes of preparing the compositions, without using an organic solvent or a surfactant. Articles-of-manufacturing comprising the compositions, which can be self-disinfecting, and uses of the composition or articles-of-manufacturing comprising same for disinfecting bodily or inanimate substrates such as water are also provided.

METHOD FOR PREPARING LAMINAR ZINC HYDROXIDE ORGANIC-INORGANIC NANOCOMPOSITES FOR USE IN THE REMOVAL AND DEGRADATION OF DYES FROM TEXTILE EFFLUENTS

The present invention relates to a method for removing dyes from textile effluents and other organic substances using nanocomposites based on zinc hydroxides and carboxylic acids capable of adsorbing and degrading. More specifically, the present invention consists of a method to generate new zinc hydroxide-based materials, which allows removal and degradation of methylene blue and other organic compounds from wastewater from industrial effluents, particularly those from textile industry. 1. A method for preparing laminar zinc hydroxide organic-inorganic nanocomposites for use in the removal and degradation of dyes from textile effluents , comprising:a) dissolving in a vessel at least a zinc salt, oxide or hydroxide in distilled water until reaching a molar concentration of 0.1 to 5.0 M;b) dissolving in a vessel at least a carbonate of alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, other metals and metalloids in distilled water until reaching a molar concentration of 0.1 to 5.0 M;c) forming a suspension by dropwise adding to a volume of the aqueous solution prepared in step (a), a volume of the aqueous carbonate solution prepared in step (b);d) heating the suspension obtained in step (c), between 15-120° C. under constant stirring ranging from 5 to 10,000 rpm for a homogenization time between 0.1 min and 24 hours;e) adjusting the reaction mixture of step (d) to a pH between 4 and 12.5 with an alkali solution with a molar concentration of 0.1 to 12.0 M;f) homogenizing the suspension obtained in step (e) between 0.1 min and 24 hours at a temperature of 15-120° C. under constant stirring ranging between 5 to 10,000 rpm;g) adding a volume of a molecular or polymeric surfactant solution with a molar concentration of 0.1 to 12.0 M, where the surfactant comprises compounds having linear, branched or aromatic hydrocarbon chains with 2 or more carbon atoms, with hydrophilic groups;h) homogenizing the resulting suspension in step (g) between 0.1 min and 24 hours at a temperature of 15- ...

Organic wastewater treatment by a single-atom catalytic fenton filter and electrolytically-generated h2o2

Disclosed herein are Fenton filters comprising a porous substrate and a catalyst coating the porous substrate, wherein the catalyst includes a matrix and single metal atoms incorporated in the matrix. Also disclosed herein are methods of generating radicals from an oxidant, electrolyzers, methods of generating hydrogen peroxide, and water treatment systems.

DOPED-CARBON COMPOSITES, SYNTHESIZING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME

A method of synthesizing a doped carbon composite includes preparing a solution having a carbon source material and a heteroatom containing additive, evaporating the solution to yield a plurality of powders, and subjecting the plurality of powders to a heat treatment for a duration of time effective to produce the doped carbon composite. 1. A method of synthesizing a doped carbon composite , comprising the steps of:(a) preparing a solution having a material containing tannin and an additive containing a doping chemical element;(b) evaporating the solution to yield a plurality of powders; and(c) subjecting the plurality of powders to a heat treatment for a duration of time effective to produce the doped carbon composite.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the material containing the tannin is tannin sulfonate claim 1 , lignin claim 1 , lignosulfonate claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element is one containing oxygen (O) claim 1 , nitrogen (N) claim 1 , phosphorus (P) claim 1 , boron (B) claim 1 , sulfur (S) claim 1 , iodine (I) claim 1 , fluorine (F) claim 1 , silicon (Si) claim 1 , selenium (Se) claim 1 , germanium (Ge) claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed at a temperature in a range of about 700° C. to about 1800° C.5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the duration of time effective is in a range of about 10 minutes to about 2 hours.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed by subjecting the plurality of powders to a microwave radiation with a frequency of 2.45 GHz.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat treatment is performed by a heat source other than a microwave radiation source.8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of adding polyphosphoric acid to the plurality of powders prior to the subjecting step.9. An article of manufacture by the method of .10. A composite synthesized by ...

METAL-SEMICONDUCTOR-METAL PLASMONIC DEVICE AND ABSORBER AND METHOD FOR MAKING THE SAME

A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) plasmonic device includes a substrate; a metal layer deposited on the substrate, the metal layer being substantially reflective in at least the visible wavelength range; an oxide layer deposited on the metal layer; and gold or gold alloy nanoparticles deposited on the oxide layer. 1. A metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) plasmonic device comprising:a substrate;a metal layer deposited on the substrate, the metal layer being substantially reflective in at least the visible wavelength range;an oxide layer deposited on the metal layer; andgold or gold-alloy nanoparticles deposited on the oxide layer.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises silicon (Si) claim 1 , glass or a polyimide film.3100. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the substrate is crystal Si .4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein a size of the substrate is 50 mm by 50 mm.5. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the metal layer comprises aluminum (Al) claim 1 , copper (Cu) claim 1 , gold (Au) claim 1 , or silver (Ag).6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide layer comprises zinc oxide (ZnO) claim 1 , WO claim 1 , TiO claim 1 , SrTiO claim 1 , SnO claim 1 , or BiVOlayer.7. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide layer is an oxide doped layer.8. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the oxide layer is doped with Al claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , F or Mg.9. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the gold or gold alloy nanoparticles are configured to absorb 90% or more of incident light at a wavelength in the visible region.10. The device according to claim 9 , wherein the wavelength in the visible region is centered around 600 nm.11. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the device is light polarization independent.12. The device according to claim 1 , wherein a size of the gold nanoparticles is in the range from 5 nm to 100 nm.13. A method of making a metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) plasmonic device claim 1 ...

PHOSPHOR COMPOSITION HAVING SELECTED SURFACE COATINGS

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The energy modulation agent has a normal predominant emission of radiation in a first wavelength range outside of a second wavelength range (WR2) known to produce the change, but under exposure to the applied initiation energy produces the change. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent. 1(1) placing in a vicinity of the medium or body at least one energy modulation agent configured to emit radiation into the medium or body upon interaction with an initiation energy; and(2) applying the initiation energy from an energy source to the medium or body,wherein the applied initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium or body by said emitted radiation, andwherein said energy modulation agent has a normal predominant emission of radiation in a first wavelength range (WR1) outside of a second wavelength range (WR2) known to produce said change, but under exposure to said applied initiation energy produces said change.. A method for producing a change in a medium or body, comprising: This application is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/895,231, filed Feb. 13, 2018, now allowed, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/290,610, filed Oct. 11, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,943,094, which is a Continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/206,337, filed Mar. 12, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,488,916, which claims priority to U.S. provisional application No. 61/792,125 filed on Mar. 15, 2013, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. U.S. ...

Molybdenum disulfide powder and method for manufacturing the same, method for degrading an organic material and method for sterilizing

A method for manufacturing a molybdenum disulfide powder includes conducting a precursor solution preparation step and a hydrothermal synthesis step. The precursor solution preparation step includes providing sodium molybdenum oxide dehydrate and thiourea, and conducting a mixing step. In the mixing step, an acid solution is mixed with the sodium molybdenum oxide dehydrate and the thiourea by titrating so as to form a precursor solution. In the hydrothermal synthesis step, the precursor solution is put into a hydrothermal container for reacting at a temperature ranging from 100° C. to 350° C. for 8 hours to 40 hours, thus the molybdenum disulfide powder is formed.

DOPED-CARBON COMPOSITES, SYNTHESIZING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME

A composite is synthesized by pyrolysis of a mixture of tannin and melamine. The synthesis process comprises dissolving the tannin and the melamine in water to form a homogeneous solution; evaporating the solution to yield a dry solid; and subjecting powders of the dry solid to a heat treatment at a temperature for a duration of time effective to produce the composite. 1. A composite synthesized by pyrolysis of a mixture of tannin and melamine , wherein the steps involved in the synthesis process comprises:(a) dissolving the tannin and the melamine in water to form a homogeneous solution;(b) evaporating the solution to yield a dry solid; and(c) subjecting powders of the dry solid to a heat treatment at a temperature for a duration of time effective to produce the composite.2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is in a range from about 700° C. to about 1800° C.3. The composite of claim 2 , wherein the duration of time is in a range from about 10 minutes to about 2 hours.4. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the synthesis process further comprises adding polyphosphoric acid to the plurality of powders prior to said subjecting the powders.5. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the solution further contains a heteroatom containing additive.6. The composite of claim 5 , wherein the heteroatom containing additive comprises one containing oxygen (O) claim 5 , nitrogen (N) claim 5 , phosphorus (P) claim 5 , boron (B) claim 5 , sulfur (S) claim 5 , iodine (I) claim 5 , fluorine (F) claim 5 , silicon (Si) claim 5 , selenium (Se) claim 5 , germanium (Ge) claim 5 , or a mixture thereof.7. The composite of claim 6 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element comprises a boron compound containing boric acid claim 6 , or sodium borate.8. The composite of claim 6 , wherein the additive containing the doping chemical element comprises a phosphorus compound containing phosphoric acid claim 6 , polyphosphoric acid claim 6 , or sodium phosphate.9. The ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING PURE WATER

Provided is a method and apparatus for producing pure water in which water that has been subjected to an ultraviolet oxidation treatment performed with an ultraviolet oxidation device is brought into contact with a platinum-group metal catalyst, the method and apparatus eliminating the likelihood of the catalyst being degraded and enabling decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to be performed for a prolonged period of time in a consistent manner. Water-to-be-treated is subjected to an ultraviolet oxidation treatment performed with an ultraviolet oxidation device and subsequently subjected to a hydrogen peroxide removal treatment performed with a hydrogen peroxide removal device including a platinum-group metal catalyst, wherein the TOC concentration in water fed to the ultraviolet oxidation device is 5 ppb or less. An anion exchange resin tower is installed in a stage following the ultraviolet oxidation device 110-. (canceled)11. A method for producing ultrapure water using an ultrapure water production facility including , a primary pure water production device , and a secondary pure water production device whereby ultrapure water produced in the secondary pure water production device is fed to a point-of-use , excess ultrapure water from the point-of-use is returned and mixed with primary pure water from the primary pure water production device to produce mixed water , and the mixed water is treated as water-to-be-treated by the secondary pure water production device ,wherein in the secondary pure water production device, the water-to-be-treated is subjected to an ultraviolet oxidation treatment performed with an ultraviolet oxidation device and subsequently subjected to a hydrogen peroxide removal treatment performed with a hydrogen peroxide removal device including a platinum-group metal catalyst,wherein the platinum-group metal catalyst includes an anion-exchange resin and colloidal platinum-group metal particles supported on the anion-exchange resin,wherein the ...

Photocatalytic Composition for Water Purification

The present invention refers to lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions and solid composites; methods of preparing the compositions and solid composites; and their use in water purification. The compositions are comprised of photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (TiO) and zinc oxide (ZnO), lightweight glass bubbles, and a hydraulic cementing binder. The lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions can be formed into lightweight photocatalytic solid composites and/or structures by mixing with water and moist curing. This invention also describes relatively simple, fast, and cost effective methodologies to photodope the TiO—ZnO compositions and composites with silver (Ag), to enhance and extend the photocatalytic activity from the ultraviolet into the visible light spectrum. The lightweight and settable TiO—ZnO and Ag—TiO—ZnO compositions are used in making solids, structures, coatings, and continuous or semi-continuous water purification panels for purifying contaminated water. 114-. (canceled)15. A composition comprising:{'sub': 2', '3', '2', '2', '2', '2', '3', '2', '3, 'one or more photocatalysts selected from TiO, ZnO, WO, CuO, SnO, SiO, RuO, SrTiO, FeO, NiO, and SiC;'}one or more glass bubbles; anda cementing binder.16. The composition of claim 15 , wherein the photocatalyst is TiO claim 15 , ZnO claim 15 , or a mixture of both.17. The composition of claim 15 , further comprising one or more metals and non-metals selected from N claim 15 , C claim 15 , S claim 15 , P claim 15 , B claim 15 , F claim 15 , I claim 15 , Cu claim 15 , Ag claim 15 , Pt claim 15 , Pd claim 15 , Mn claim 15 , Wo claim 15 , Ni claim 15 , Sn claim 15 , Fe claim 15 , and V.18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the photocatalyst is a complex comprising Ag claim 17 , TiO claim 17 , and ZnO.19. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the composition comprises a metal; the metal is Ag; and the metal coats the surface of the composition.20. The composition of claim 15 , ...

PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF SILVER-MODIFIED SPIRAL TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANO-FIBER PHOTOCATALYST

The present invention discloses a preparation method of a silver-modified spiral Titanium Dioxide (TiO) nano-fiber photocatalyst, comprising the following steps: preparing a spiral TiOnano-fiber; preparing a nano-silver aqueous solution; and preparing a silver-modified spiral TiOnano-fiber photocatalyst. The photocatalyst is coupled with the spiral structure of the nano-fiber and nano-silver particles with a specific size, improving the photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst. Moreover, the sterilizing and biological pollution resisting capacities of the photocatalyst are also improved through the modified nano-silver particles, and therefore, the photocatalyst can be widely applied to a deep sewage treatment system. 1. A preparation method of a silver-modified spiral TiOnano-fiber photocatalyst , comprising the following steps:{'sub': 2', '2, 'S1. preparing a spiral TiOnano-fiber transcribing the structure of amino acid derivatives to prepare the spiral TiOnano-fiber,'}S2. preparing a nano-silver aqueous solution: preparing the stable nano-silver aqueous solution with a uniform particle size based on a Tollens reaction; and{'sub': 2', '2, 'S3. preparing a silver-modified spiral TiOnano-fiber photocatalyst: modifying the nano-silver particles prepared in step S2 onto the spiral TiOnano-fiber prepared in step S1 by using a chemical deposition method.'}2. The preparation method of a silver-modified spiral TiOnano-fiber photocatalyst according to claim 1 , wherein claim 1 ,{'sub': 18', '2, 'specific operations of step S1 are: weighing 0.10-0.15 g of C-D-glutamic acid to be dissolved in 45.3-68.0 g of methanol solution, adding 270-400 mL of deionized water, and stirring at the room temperature for 10 min to prepare a mixed solution; then weighing 0.97-1.45 g of bis(2,4-pentanedionate)bis(2-pyruvate)titanium to be added in the mixed solution, stirring at 55° C. for 2 hours to obtain an intermediate product; centrifugally separating the obtained intermediate product, ...

Uses of melanin in water

Methods for reducing and regulating the acidification of water are provided. The method for reducing the acidification of water includes contacting at least one melanin material with the water and catalyzing a reaction between the water, CO2 and/or bicarbonate that produces glucose and increases pH of the water. The acidification of water is regulated by removing the at least one melanin material from the water once a desired pH of the water has been attained. The methods for reducing and regulating the acidification of water are particularly suited for the treatment of seawater that has been acidified by naturally occurring or artificially initiated reactions that increase free hydrogen ions in water, for example absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

AIR CLEANING FOUNTAIN

A self-cleaning fountain includes: a structure having two ends, defining a first flow way for a first fluid to flow along, wherein the structure defines holes for allowing a second fluid to flow through the holes; a pump system configured to pump the first fluid to a first end of the structure; a distributer located at the first end of the structure and configured to spray the first fluid received from the pump system onto the structure; a catch basin located at a second end of the structure for collecting the first fluid that has moved along the flow way to the catch basin; a photocatalytic coating on the structure; and a light source configured to direct light on the photocatalytic coating. 1. A self-cleaning fountain comprising:a structure having two ends, defining a first flow way for a first fluid to flow along, wherein the structure defines holes for allowing a second fluid to flow through the holes;a pump system configured to pump the first fluid to a first end of the structure;a distributer located at the first end of the structure and configured to spray the first fluid received from the pump system onto the structure;a catch basin located at a second end of the structure for collecting the first fluid that has moved along the flow way to the catch basin;a photocatalytic coating on the structure; anda light source configured to direct light on the photocatalytic coating.2. The self-cleaning fountain of claim 1 , wherein the coating includes Titanium Dioxide.3. The self-cleaning fountain of claim 1 , wherein the structure is made of stainless steel.4. The self-cleaning fountain of claim 1 , further comprising a blower oriented to move the second fluid alone a second flow way defined claim 1 , at least in part claim 1 , by the structure and through the holes defined by the structure.5. The self-cleaning fountain of claim 1 , wherein the structure is any one of:a mesh and a perforated tube.6. The self-cleaning fountain of claim 1 , wherein the light source ...

Hydraulic conveyor of floating objects provided with a device for sanitising conveying composition, plant provided with such a conveyor and sanitising method

A hydraulic conveyor for floating objects, having recirculation of a liquid composition, named conveying composition, for conveying the floating objects, includes at least one device for sanitizing the conveying composition. The sanitizing device includes: at least one device irradiating a composition, named composition to be sanitized, formed by mixing at least some of the conveying composition and an amount of a composition, named photoreactive composition, including at least one photosensitive compound that forms, under the effect of irradiation by the irradiation device, at least one compound, named active compound, transforming by chemical reaction at least one pollutant compound of the conveying composition into a non-pollutant compound; and at least two photolysis chambers mounted in series such that the composition to be sanitized can flow successively into the at least two photolysis chambers, at least one irradiation device being arranged in an inner volume of each photolysis chamber.

Z-Scheme Microbial Photoelectrochemical System (MPS) for Wastewater-to-Chemical Fuel Conversion

A wastewater to chemical fuel conversion device is provided that includes a housing having a first chamber and a second chamber, where the first chamber includes a bio-photoanode, where the second chamber includes a photocathode, where a backside of the bio-photoanode abuts a first side of a planatized fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass, where a backside of the photocathode abuts a second side of the FTO glass, where a proton exchange membrane separates the first chamber from the second chamber, where the first chamber includes a wastewater input and a reclaimed water output, where the second chamber includes a solar light input and a H 2 gas output, where the solar light input is disposed for solar light illumination of the first chamber and the second chamber.

Water treatment device

A water treatment device ( 100 ) can include a chamber ( 104 ) having an inlet ( 108 ) to receive water contaminated with pathogens and an outlet ( 110 ) to dispense treated water. The water treatment device ( 100 ) can also include a catalytic element ( 130 ) disposed in the chamber ( 104 ) to deactivate the pathogens in the water via at least one of electrocatalytic activity and photocatalytic activity. The chamber ( 104 ) and/or the catalytic element ( 130 ) can be configured to mix the water as the water flows from the inlet ( 108 ) to the outlet ( 110 ) thereby exposing the pathogens in the water to the catalytic element ( 130 ).

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INTERIOR ENERGY-ACTIVATION FROM AN EXTERIOR SOURCE

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent. 1. (canceled)2. A method for modifying a hydrophobic polymer surface , comprising:disposing in contact with the hydrophobic polymer surface a liquid composition comprising monomeric precursors to a hydrophilic polymer and one or more energy modulation agents, wherein the one or more energy modulation agents are resistant to chemical interaction with the liquid composition and hydrophobic polymer surface; andapplying energy from at least one of x-rays, gamma rays, or an electron beam into the liquid composition, wherein the applied energy interacts with the one or more energy modulation agents and internally generates light inside the liquid composition, thereby causing the monomeric precursors to polymerize and react with the hydrophobic polymer surface, thereby grafting the hydrophilic polymer onto the hydrophobic polymer surface.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hydrophobic polymer surface is formed from a polymer selected from the group consisting of polylactic acids claim 2 , polyhydroxyalkanoates claim 2 , and blends thereof.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer is a member selected from the group consisting of poly(acrylic acid)s claim 2 , polyacrylamides claim 2 , and poly(N claim 2 ,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate).5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the hydrophilic polymer is a member selected from the group consisting of poly(acrylic acid)s claim 3 , polyacrylamides claim 3 , and poly(N claim 3 ,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate).6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one ...

FUNGICIDE, PHOTO CATALYTIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL, ADSORBENT, AND DEPURATIVE

Disclosed herein is a fungicide, including: a porous carbon material; and a silver member adhered to the porous carbon material, wherein a value of a specific surface area based on a nitrogen BET, namely 1. A photo catalytic composite material comprising:a porous carbon material; anda photo catalytic material adhered to said porous carbon material,{'sup': 2', '3, 'wherein a value of a specific surface area based at least in part on a nitrogen BET method is greater than or equal to 10 m/g, and a volume of a fine pore based at least in part on a BJH method and an MP method is greater than or equal to 0.1 cm/g.'}2. The photo catalytic composite material according to claim 1 , wherein said photo catalytic material absorbs an energy of a light having a wavelength between 200 to 600 nm.3. The photo catalytic composite material according to claim 1 , further comprising a titanium oxide doped either with a cation or with an anion.4. The photo catalytic composite material according to claim 3 , wherein the cation includes at least one of a chromium ion claim 3 , an iron ion claim 3 , a silver ion claim 3 , a platinum ion claim 3 , a copper ion claim 3 , a tungsten ion claim 3 , or claim 3 , a cobalt ion and a nickel ion.5. The photo catalytic composite material according to claim 1 , wherein silicon oxide is removed away from the porous carbon material.6. The photo catalytic composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the porous carbon material has a distribution of fine pores with a peak in a range of 3 to 20 nm.7. The photo catalytic composite material according to claim 1 , wherein the porous carbon material includes silicon.8. A depurative obtained from the photo catalytic composite material according to .9. A depurative claim 1 , comprising:a porous carbon material; andan organic material adhered to said porous carbon material,{'sup': 2', '3, 'wherein a value of a specific surface area based on a nitrogen BET method is equal to or greater than 10 m/g, and a volume ...

In-house closed water filter system to remove carcinogenic 1,4-dioxane and other contaminants to purify drinking water

An in-house closed water filter system to remove carcinogenic 1,4-dioxane and other contaminants to purify drinking water. A resin is engineered by a method developed to identify 1,4-dioxane and remove it using direct photolysis and advanced oxidation processes involving UV/HO/Fe(II). The resin is coupled with granulated activated charcoal to create an in-house filter system. 1. An in-house drinking water purification system comprising:a first unit, wherein the first unit having a top and a bottom opening, wherein the top opening allows an unfiltered water to fill the first unit and the bottom unit allows a flow of water free from 1,4-dioxane and microbes out of the first unit,a second unit, wherein the second unit is connected to the first unit by a first valve, wherein the first valve allows the flow of water free from 1,4-dioxane and microbes from the first unit to the second unit, anda third unit, wherein the third unit is connected to the second unit by a second valve, wherein the second valve allows a flow of purified water from the second unit to the third unit.2. The in-house drinking water purification system of claim 1 , wherein the first unit contains a chamber filled with iron oxide bed or resin which act as catalyst to initiate reaction of Fenton's Oxidation to remove the 1 claim 1 ,4-dioxane and micobes.3. The in-house drinking water purification system of claim 2 , wherein the first unit contains a first sensor and a second sensor claim 2 , wherein the first sensor is to indicate the filling of the chamber with the unfiltered water and activate an initiation of addition of hydrogen peroxide from a hydrogen peroxide source in the first unit.4. The in-house drinking water purification system of claim 3 , wherein the second sensor opens the flow of water from the first unit after completion of the Fenton's Oxidation to completely empty water from the first unit.5. The in-house drinking water purification system of claim 4 , the first sensor and the ...