СПОСОБ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ОБЪЕМНОГО РАСХОДА УГОЛЬНО-КЕРОСИНОВОЙ СУСПЕНЗИИ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ОБЛАГОРОЖЕННОГО БУРОГО УГЛЯ

FIELD: mining engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention describes a method for controlling the volumetric flow rate of a coal-kerosene suspension in which, during the separation of the solid and liquid phases by feeding the dehydrated coal-kerosene suspension to a centrifugal separator of the decanter type and separating the coal-kerosene suspension into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, the target electric current fed to the engine to rotate it and drive the screw conveyor of the centrifugal separator of the decanter type is determined such that the liquid level In the tank for a coal-kerosene suspension fed to a centrifugal separator of the decanter type, it can take a constant value; the target opening degree value is determined based on the difference between the target electric current value and the actually measured value of the electric current supplied to the motor; and the degree of opening of the flow control valve, which is located in the middle of the feed line for introducing the coal-kerosene slurry into the centrifugal separator of the decanter type, is adjusted depending on the target degree of opening. Also, the options for ways to regulate the volume flow coal-oil suspensions and devices to perform these techniques are described. EFFECT: ability to effectively prevent overloads and mechanical damages of a centrifugal separator of the decanter type or to reduce the quality of separation of the solid and liquid phases, the ability to stabilise the process of obtaining upgraded brown coal. 6 cl, 5 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 628 524 C2 (51) МПК C10L 5/04 (2006.01) C10L 5/00 (2006.01) B04B 1/20 (2006.01) C10L 1/32 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ (21)(22) Заявка: 2015150659, 02.04.2014 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 02.04.2014 (72) Автор(ы): КИНОСИТА Сигеру (JP), ВАТАНАБЕ Хироки (JP) 17.08.2017 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (56) Список ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verwertung von Feucht- und Trockenhalmgut

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Verwertung von Biomasse, die bei Maßnahmen zur Landschaftspflege, bei der Pflege kommunaler Rasenflächen, bei Pflegmaßnahmen privater Haushalte und bei der Rasen- und Wiesenmahd anfällt. Es werden nachfolgende Verfahrensschritte durchlaufen: Biomasse, insbesondere Feuchthalmgut (10) werden in Form einer Silage (12) gelagert. Die Silage (12) wird kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich einem Lager entnommen. Die Silage (12) wird als Biomasse einem Rührwerkreaktor (16) unter Wasserzugabe (20) zugeführt. Danach erfolgt ein Abpressen der Biomasse in einer Presse (24), bei der es sich insbesondere um eine Schneckenpresse handelt, wodurch ein Feststoffstrom (28) und ein flüssiger Strom (30) erhalten werden. Der flüssige Stoffstrom (30) wird einer anaeroben Behandlung (34) zugeführt, während der Feststoffstrom (28) thermisch und/oder biologisch getrocknet wird. Anschließend erfolgt eine thermische Verwertung des behandelten Feststoffstromes (38), ...

Pelletizing device

Eine Pelletiereinrichtung ist als feldgeführte Halmguterntemaschine ausgebildet und verfügt im Anschluss an einen Traktor (1) mit Häcksler (2) über einen Dieselmotor (7), der einen Stromgenerator (13) und auch eine Ringmatrizenpresse (9) antreibt. Das gehäckselte Halmgut gelangt in einen Trockenraum (5) und über eine Förderschnecke (8) in die Ringmatrizenpresse (9). Deren Ringmatrize (17) ist in Ringlagern (18) auf einem Sockel (19) gelagert, auf dem auch ein Paar von Schwenkhebeln (20) für eine Kollerwalze (16) angelenkt sind. Ein vom Stromgenerator (13) angespeister elektrischer Antriebsmotor (11) treibt die Förderschnecke (8) über einen Regler (12) an und Stellmotoren (23), die an den Schwenkhebeln (20) angreifen, regulieren den Kollerspalt. Der Regler (12) wird vom Einspritzbedarf des Dieselmotors (7) bzw. vom Pressendruck geführt.

Systems and methods for solar-thermal gasification of biomass

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant that may include a solar thermal receiver having a cavity with an inner wall, where the solar thermal receiver is aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more of 1 ) an array of heliostats, 2) solar concentrating dishes, and 3) any combination of the two. Some embodiments may include a solar-driven chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes located inside the cavity of solar thermal receiver, wherein a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat occurs in the multiple reactor tubes, and wherein particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a steam (H2O) carrier gas and methane (CH4) in a simultaneous steam reformation and steam biomass gasification reaction to produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using the solar thermal energy from the absorbed concentrated solar energy in the multiple reactor tubes.

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCING THE ENERGY CONTENT OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FROM PYROLYSIS

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

GRANULATING DEVICE

Pelleting device

METHOD FOR ODORISING CRYOGENIC FLUID

METHOD FOR ODORISING CRYOGENIC FLUID

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'odorisation d'un fluide cryogénique comprenant une étape a) d'alimentation, à une température supérieure à la température du fluide cryogénique et supérieure à la température de cristallisation de l'agent odorisant, en continu, d'un agent odorisant sous forme liquide ou gazeuse, dans une zone d'alimentation, une étape b) d'alimentation dudit agent odorisant sous forme liquide ou gazeuse de l'étape a) dans une zone tampon dans laquelle l'agent odorisant liquide ou gazeux est amené à une température voisine de la température du fluide cryogénique, et une étape c) d'alimentation dudit agent odorisant refroidi à l'étape b), dans la zone de contact, où ledit agent odorisant entre en contact avec ledit fluide cryogénique à odoriser. La présente invention concerne également un dispositif d'odorisation permettant la mise en œuvre dudit procédé d'odorisation.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TORREFYING BIOMASS

The invention relates to a method and device for torrefying biomass. The method and the device comprise pre-torrefaction of biomass in a first device to a first degree of torrefaction, and comminution, final torrefaction and homogenization to a second degree of torrefaction in a second device.

Process vessel for forming fuel compositions and related systems and methods

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature.

Methods for cannabis waste disposal

Systems and methods for rendering cannabis-related waste materials are provided. The method may include inserting a plurality of cannabis-related waste materials into, for example, a mobile rendering vehicle. The method may further include physically altering the cannabis-related waste materials such that the cannabis-related waste materials are unrecognizable and unusable. The insertion of the cannabis-related waste materials into the mobile rendering vehicle may be recorded and/or the physical alteration (e.g., pulverization) of the cannabis-related waste materials may be recorded via one or more cameras disposed on the mobile rendering vehicle to verify proper insertion and/or alteration of the cannabis-related waste materials.

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

СПОСОБ НЕПРЯМОЙ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ СУШКИ ДИСПЕРСНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА, СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОЧИЩЕННОГО УГЛЯ, УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ НЕПРЯМОЙ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОЙ СУШКИ, И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОЧИЩЕННОГО УГЛЯ

FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: present invention relates to method and device for indirect heat drying of disperse material, method and device for producing clean coal. Method and apparatus for indirect heat drying of disperse material uses two dryers for indirect heat drying. Method involves: step (A), in which dispersed material is dried in a first dryer for indirect heat drying; and step (B), in which dispersed material is further dried in a second dryer for indirect heat drying, to obtain dried disperse material. Method for indirect heat drying of disperse material is characterised by that it additionally includes a step (C), which comprises extracting first microparticles contained in gas-carrier taken from first dryer for indirect heat drying, and mixing with disperse material fed into stage (B); and a step (D), which comprises extracting second microparticles contained in gas-carrier taken fro second dryer for indirect heat drying, and mixing with dried disperse material obtained at step (B). Method of producing clean coal includes a step (α), which comprises mixing dispersed porous coal with oil to form a suspension of raw material, step (β), where suspension of raw material is heated to form a dehydrated suspension, step (γ), which comprises separating dehydrated suspension into porous cleaned coal and oil, and step (δ), where separated porous cleaned coal is dried, wherein step (δ) employs a method for indirect heat drying of disperse material according to claim 1 or 2 or 3. Device for producing clean coal comprises a mixer, heating device, device for solid phase-liquid separation and drying device, which is a device according to claim 5. EFFECT: invention shall provide stability of balance between pressure of carrier gas. 6 cl, 3 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (51) МПК F26B 3/24 F26B 11/04 F26B 21/04 C10L 5/00 C10L 5/04 (13) 2 603 209 C1 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ...

СПОСОБ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ ОБЪЕМНОГО РАСХОДА УГОЛЬНО-КЕРОСИНОВОЙ СУСПЕНЗИИ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ИЗГОТОВЛЕНИЯ ОБЛАГОРОЖЕННОГО БУРОГО УГЛЯ

ТВЕРДОЕ ТОПЛИВО

1. Твердое топливо, которое содержит композицию, содержащую 70% по массе или более в пересчете на сухое вещество высушенных Arundo donax, Leucaena leucocephala, Saccharum officinarum, Manihot esculenta, соломы, крупных морских водорослей, морских трав или мелких морских водорослей, и получено горячим прессовым формованием.2. Твердое топливо по п.1, в котором композиция содержит 80% по массе или более в пересчете на сухое вещество высушенных Arundo donax, Leucaena leucocephala, Saccharum officinarum, Manihot esculenta,соломы, крупных морских водорослей, морских трав или мелких морских водорослей.3. Твердое топливо по п.1, в котором композиция содержит 85% по массе или более в пересчете на сухое вещество высушенных Arundo donax, Leucaena leucocephala, Saccharum officinarum, Manihot esculenta, соломы, крупных морских водорослей, морских трав или мелких морских водорослей.4. Твердое топливо по п.1, которое получено прессовым формованием композиции при температуре от 80 до 150°С.5. Твердое топливо по п.1, в котором композиция содержит 80% по массе или более в пересчете на сухое вещество Arundo donax.6. Твердое топливо по п.1, в котором композиция содержит 80% по массе или более в пересчете на сухое вещество Leucaena leucocephala7. Твердое топливо по п.1, в котором композиция содержит 80% по массе или более в пересчете на сухое вещество Saccharum officinarum.8. Твердое топливо по п.1, в котором композиция содержит 80% по массе или более в пересчете на сухое вещество Manihot esculenta.9. Твердое топливо по п.1, в котором композиция содержит 80% по массе или более в пересчете на сухое вещество соломы.10. Твердое топливо по п.1, в котором композиция содержит 80% по массе или более в пересчете на сухое вещество крупных морских водорослей.11. Твердое топливо по п.1, в котором композиция содержит 80% по

Device, useful for producing briquettes from crushed raw materials, comprises extruder to which raw materials are supplied, where extruder comprises mold channel in which continuously emerging briquette strip to be treated is formed

The device (10) comprises an extruder (16) to which raw materials are supplied via a dosing device (12), where the extruder comprises a mold channel in which a continuously emerging briquette strip to be treated is formed. A preheating reactor (14) is installed in an upstream of the extruder, and is configured to heat raw materials homogeneously. The preheating reactor is formed such that compression of the materials takes place in ratio of 1:2, in addition to a heating. A heating sleeve (24) is surrounded partially in the reactor. The device (10) comprises an extruder (16) to which raw materials are supplied via a dosing device (12), where the extruder comprises a mold channel in which a continuously emerging briquette strip to be treated is formed. A preheating reactor (14) is installed in an upstream of the extruder, and is configured to heat raw materials homogeneously. The preheating reactor is formed such that compression of the materials takes place in ratio of 1:2, in addition to ...

Method and apparatus for performing hydrothermal syntheses

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines Extruders, umfassend einen Extruderzylinder (1), zumindest eine darin angeordnete Extruderschnecke (2), einen Feedeinlass (3) zur Zufuhr von Biomasse als Feed, einen Wassereinlass (4) und eine Düse (6) zur Abgabe von Reaktionsprodukten, zur Durchführung von hydrothermalen Karbonisierungsreaktionen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass a) im Extruderzylinder (1) nach der Einmündung (3) des Feeds, in Strömungsrichtung gesehen, ein gekühlter Abschnitt (5) als Kondensationsbarriere zum Kondensieren von Wasserdampf vorgesehen ist; und entweder b1) vor dem Auslass (7) der Extruderdüse (6) ein zweiter, als weitere Kondensationsbarriere dienender gekühlter Abschnitt (8) vorgesehen ist, um das Prozesswasser innerhalb des Extruders zu halten; oder b2) die Extruderdüse (6) in einen Drucktank (9) mündet, in dem das im Extruder geführte, heiße Reaktionsgemisch auf einen geringeren Druck gebracht wird, wodurch das Prozesswasser verdampft und so im Drucktank (9) von ...

PROCESS FOR BENEFICIATING AND CLEANING BIOMASS

A process for cleaning and beneficiating biomass is described which may allow removal of entrained salts and light volatiles from biomass materials. The process may also minimize energy use through capturing steam and flue gases for re-use. The process may generally comprise the following steps: prewashing and/or preheating a biomass, pressurizing the biomass in a steam explosion vessel, rapidly depressurizing the steam explosion vessel, releasing the steam from the steam explosion vessel entrained with fine lignin-enriched particles into a cyclone- type gas expansion vessel, routing the steam from the gas expansion vessel to the input hopper, subjecting the biomass to a second washing step, mechanically removing a portion of the water from the biomass, and evaporatively heating the biomass.

PROCESS FOR CRYOGENIC FLUID ODORISATION

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'odorisation d'un fluide cryogénique comprenant une étape a) d'alimentation, à une température supérieure à la température du fluide cryogénique et supérieure à la température de cristallisation de l'agent odorisant, en continu, d'un agent odorisant sous forme liquide ou gazeuse, dans une zone d'alimentation, une étape b) d'alimentation dudit agent odorisant sous forme liquide ou gazeuse de l'étape a) dans une zone tampon dans laquelle l'agent odorisant liquide ou gazeux est amené à une température voisine de la température du fluide cryogénique, et une étape c) d'alimentation dudit agent odorisant refroidi à l'étape b), dans la zone de contact, où ledit agent odorisant entre en contact avec ledit fluide cryogénique à odoriser. La présente invention concerne également un dispositif d'odorisation permettant la mise en uvre dudit procédé d'odorisation.

PELLETING DEVICE

The invention relates to a pelleting device which is designed as a field-guided stalk-crop harvesting machine and, when connected to a tractor (1) with a chopper (2), comprises a diesel engine (7) that drives a current generator (13) and also an annular die press (9). The chopped stalk material passes into a dry chamber (5) and via a screw conveyor (8) into the annular die press (9). The annular die (17) of the annular die press is mounted in ring bearings (18) on a base (19), on which a pair of pivot levers (20) for a pan grinder roller (16) is also hinged. An electric drive motor (11) fed by the current generator (13) drives the screw conveyor (8) by a controller (12), and servomotors (23), which engage on the pivot levers (20), regulate the roller gap. The controller (12) is governed as a function of the injection requirement of the diesel engine (7) and/or the pressure applied by the press.

APPARATUS FOR RAPID MIXING OF MEDIA AND METHOD

The present invention relates to an apparatus, which can be part of a pre- treatment system in a plant for the production of fuels, e. g. bio-ethanol, derived from plant biomass, e. g. first generation crops, such as grain, sugarcane and corn or second generation crops such as lignocellulosic biomass. The invention relates to an apparatus for processing, such as fluffing and mixing, at least two media, such as a solid, e. g. biomass, and a fluid, e. g. steam, so as to rendering the first medium susceptible to efficient receiving of energy and/or mass which is provided by localized release of the second medium. Although the description of the present invention focuses on biomass, it is envisaged that the invention is generally applicable to control the mixing of at least two media by crossing their stream of while dispersing at least one of them.

HORIZONTAL SYSTEM OF SUBLIMATION

METHOD FOR MAKING GRANULES FROM AT LEAST ONE WET PLANT MATERIAL

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication de granulés, de bûchettes et produits analogues à partir d'au moins une matière végétale humide. Ledit procédé est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes consistant à : - a) soumettre, si nécessaire, ladite ou lesdites matières végétales présentant un taux d'humidité pondéral inférieur ou égal à 70 % à une étape de broyage, - b) ajouter auxdites fibres un broyat de matière(s) végétale(s) pré-séchée(s) afin d'obtenir un mélange présentant un taux d'humidité pondéral résultant inférieur ou égal à 30 %, - c) comprimer et chauffer le mélange précédemment obtenu en le faisant passer à travers une extrudeuse, de sorte à ce que la température de ce dernier soit comprise entre 40 °C et 450 °C dans ladite extrudeuse, - d) amener le mélange chaud dans un broyeur où, lors de l'éclatement des fibres, de l'eau résiduelle présente dans ledit mélange est subitement évaporée, en entraînant d'éventuels gaz corrosifs, et pendant lequel les composants de cellulose, d'hémicellulose et de lignine présents dans ledit mélange chaud subissent une transformation visant à extemaliser les groupements hydrophobes initialement internes auxdits composants, ce jusqu'à ce que le taux d'humidité pondéral moyen du mélange broyé et éclaté soit inférieur ou égal à 20 %, et - e) mettre en forme le mélange séché obtenu précédemment uniquement par compression mécanique pour obtenir les granulés souhaités. The present invention relates to a method for producing granules, logs and similar products from at least one moist plant material. Said method is characterized in that it comprises the steps of: - a) subjecting, if necessary, said vegetable matter or materials having a moisture content of less than or equal to 70% to a milling stage, - b) adding to said fibers a crushed plant material (s) pre-dried (s) to obtain a mixture having a moisture content resulting weight less than or equal to 30%, - c ...

Process for the continuous production of a combustible material for an industrial boiler, corresponding material and installation

L’invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d’une matière combustible. Selon l’invention, un tel procédé comprend - introduction en continu d’un volume prédéterminée par minute de fragments de bois dans un réacteur sous pression ; - exposition des fragments de bois à de la vapeur d’eau à une température comprise entre 200 et 220°C pendant une durée comprise entre 5 et 9mn, la valeur de ladite durée d’exposition et la valeur de la température de ladite vapeur d’eau étant sélectionnées de sorte que le facteur de sévérité soit compris entre 4,05 et 4,15 ; - extraction en continu dudit réacteur d’un même volume prédéterminé de fragments de bois par minute, au travers d’une pluralité d’orifices débouchant dans un conduit sensiblement à la pression atmosphérique ; - séparation desdits fragments de bois décompressés et de la vapeur résiduelle extraite dudit réacteur, lesdits fragments de bois obtenus après séparation formant ladite matière combustible. Figure à publier : 2 The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a combustible material. According to the invention, such a method comprises - continuous introduction of a predetermined volume per minute of wood fragments into a pressure reactor; - exposure of the wood fragments to water vapor at a temperature between 200 and 220 ° C for a period of between 5 and 9 minutes, the value of said exposure time and the value of the temperature of said vapor d water being selected such that the severity factor is between 4.05 and 4.15; - continuous extraction from said reactor of the same predetermined volume of wood fragments per minute, through a plurality of orifices opening into a conduit substantially at atmospheric pressure; - Separation of said decompressed wood fragments and of the residual vapor extracted from said reactor, said wood fragments obtained after separation forming said combustible material. Figure to be published: 2

A system for transporting biomass material and a method for preventing blow back in said system

The invention relates to a system (1) comprising a feeding device (2) comprising a channel (6) having an inlet (8) and an outlet (10) and a feed screw (12) for conveying biomass material through the channel. The feed screw comprises a screw flight (12b) that extends from a first end (12c) to a second end (12d) and is adapted to form a gas impermeable plug of biomass. The system comprises at least one primary measuring unit (14; 16) adapted to continuously measure a primary variable indicative of the gas permeability of the plug, which primary measuring unit is connected to said feeding device between the first end of the screw flight and the outlet; and a control unit (3) adapted to use said primary variable values to monitor the gas permeability of the plug. The invention also relates to a method for preventing blow back in the above described system.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE RECYCLING FACILITY

A municipal solid waste recycling facility for producing a solid recovered fuel is provided. The municipal solid waste recycling facility includes a pre-shredding unit and a shredding unit. The pre-shredding unit includes a trommel configured to sort a first stream of solid waste by size into a second stream of solid waste and a third stream of solid waste. The shredding unit includes a primary shredder configured to shred the second stream of solid waste.

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ЧИСТЫЙ И ВЫСОКОЭФФЕКТИВНЫЙ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТВЕРДОГО ТОПЛИВА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ОТХОДОВ С ВЫСОКИМ СОДЕРЖАНИЕМ ВОДЫ И КОМБИНИРОВАННАЯ ТЕПЛОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКАЯ СИСТЕМА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ДАННОГО СПОСОБА

Настоящее изобретение относится к экологически чистому и высокоэффективному способу получения твердого топлива с использованием органических отходов с высоким содержанием воды, который включает: (a) стадию смешивания отходов, на которой органические отходы с высоким содержанием воды и твердые бытовые отходы подаются в реактор на Fe основе и смешиваются; (b) стадию гидролиза, на которой в реактор на Fe основе подается высокотемпературный пар для гидролиза смеси; (c) стадию снижения давления, на которой пар из реактора сбрасывается и давление внутри реактора быстро, чтобы обеспечить низкомолекулярный вес органических отходов после стадии (b) или так, чтобы увеличить удельную площадь поверхности бытовых отходов после стадии (b); (d) стадию вакуума или дифференциального давления для удаления воды; и (e) стадию получения твердого топлива, на которой продукт реакции после стадии (d) подвергается естественной сушке и компрессионному прессованию с получением твердого топлива с содержанием воды ...

Extrusion apparatus

A tip element 32 for attachment to an end of an extruder screw 30 comprises a substantially cylindrical screw root having first and second end faces, the second end face being configured to locate, in use, adjacent to an end of said extruder screw; a helical flight extending radially outwards from the screw root turning through an angle of 720° or less between first and second ends, wherein a width of the flight is greater at the first end than the second end, and wherein the tip element is made of a metal material and a hardness of the tip element is substantially constant throughout the helical flight. The pitch of the helical flight is between 35mm and 45mm. The tip element preferably comprises an axial bore extending between the end faces. An extruder screw assembly is further provided comprising a main screw component 30 having a first end configured for connection to a means for rotating the screw component, the tip element of the invention configured to locate adjacent to the second ...

Method and apparatus for performing hydrothermal syntheses

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines Extruders, umfassend einen Extruderzylin­ der (1), zumindest eine darin angeordnete Extruderschnecke (2), einen Feedeinlass (3) zur Zufuhr von Biomasse als Feed, einen Wassereinlass (4) und eine Düse (6) zur Abgabe von Reaktionsprodukten, zur Durchführung von hydrothermalen Karbonisie­ rungsreaktionen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass a) im Extruderzylinder (1) nach der Einmündung (3) des Feeds, in Strömungsrichtung gesehen, ein gekühlter Abschnitt (5) als Kondensationsbarriere zum Kondensieren von Wasserdampf vorgesehen ist; und entweder b1) vor dem Auslass (7) der Extruderdüse (6) ein zweiter, als weitere Kondensations­ barriere dienender gekühlter Abschnitt (8) vorgesehen ist, um das Prozesswasser in­ nerhalb des Extruders zu halten; oder b2) die Extruderdüse (6) in einen Drucktank (9) mündet, in dem das im Extruder ge­ führte, heiße Reaktionsgemisch auf einen geringeren Druck gebracht wird, wodurch das Prozesswasser verdampft und so im Drucktank ...

Pelletiereinrichtung

The invention relates to a pelleting device which is designed as a field-guided stalk-crop harvesting machine and, when connected to a tractor (1) with a chopper (2), comprises a diesel engine (7) that drives a current generator (13) and also an annular die press (9). The chopped stalk material passes into a dry chamber (5) and via a screw conveyor (8) into the annular die press (9). The annular die (17) of the annular die press is mounted in ring bearings (18) on a base (19), on which a pair of pivot levers (20) for a pan grinder roller (16) is also hinged. An electric drive motor (11) fed by the current generator (13) drives the screw conveyor (8) by a controller (12), and servomotors (23), which engage on the pivot levers (20), regulate the roller gap. The controller (12) is governed as a function of the injection requirement of the diesel engine (7) and/or the pressure applied by the press.

MATERIAL TRANSFER SYSTEM

A material transfer system (102, 108) for transferring material (328, 544) into or out of a pyrolysis system, comprising: a first conduit (302, 700) comprising a first inlet and a first outlet; a store (304, 702); and a second conduit (306, 704) comprising a second inlet and a second outlet; wherein the first conduit (302, 700) is configured to: receive, at the first inlet, the material (328, 544) and transfer the material (328, 544), through the first outlet, to the store (304, 702); the store (304, 702) is configured to store the material (328, 544); and the second conduit (306, 704) is configured to: receive, at the second inlet, the material (328, 544), transfer the material (328, 544) and output the material (328, 544) through the second outlet.

CLEAN BURNING WOOD BIOMASS FUEL AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME

Disclosed is a method of producing clean burning wood biomass fuel. The method is directed to applying calcium carbonate to wood biomass forming a mixture, where the mixture is then compressed under elevated temperatures to form the clean burning wood biomass fuel. The clean burning wood biomass fuel formed from a mixture containing wood biomass and calcium carbonate results in the neutralization of organic acids found in the wood biomass. Accordingly, upon combustion of the clean burning wood biomass fuel, environmentally friendly byproducts are produced and solid waste byproducts in the form of ash are reduced. The byproducts are essentially, water, carbon dioxide, and calcium salts, all of which may be recycled.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING SOLID FUEL USING ORGANIC WASTE AND APPARATUS FOR SAME

The present invention relates to an apparatus to produce solid fuel by pyrolyzing organic waste. More specifically, the present invention relates to a solid fuel production method using organic waste as a convergence technology, and an apparatus for the same. According to the present invention, it is possible to dry out food waste, sewage sludge, and livestock waste without exhaust gas through production of condensing water and internal air current circulation, and dry distillation gas produced by heating by external air supply is used as a heat source for drying and melting. In addition, costs for energy can be significantly reduced by applying solid as a binding agent, and combustible waste such as waste synthetic resins is mixed with the binding agent after melting down via internal air current circulation. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2018 ...

PYROLYZER FURNACE APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR OPERATION THEREOF

A char making apparatus comprises a longitudinal pyrolyzer furnace housing wherein coal-bearing material may be heated to a temperature to fluidize volatile materials therein and plasticize coal in the coal-bearing material. At least two rotatable drive screws are laterally positioned and interleaved within the longitudinal furnace housing and capable of conveying coal-bearing materials through the pyrolyzer furnace housing, each drive screw having a hollow drive shaft and a diverter positioned within the drive shaft to provide heating to the coal-bearing material. A heating jacket about the longitudinal furnace housing provides additional heating to the coal-bearing material. Multiple combustion chambers adjacent the heating jacket and hollow drive shaft burn fluidized volatile materials and exhaust combustion fluids through the jacket and shaft.

Reaktor und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Brenngases aus mechanisch entwässertem Schlamm

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Pyrolysereaktor zur Aufbereitung von Schlamm (5), insbesondere Klärschlamm, aus mehreren Doppelrohrwärmeübertragern (1), die jeweils ein Innenrohr (3) mit Hohlschnecke (4) und ein Außenrohr (2) besitzen, bei dem der Schlamm (5) im Innenrohr (3) mittels der Hohlschnecke (4) gefördert wird und ein Heizgas (H) im Außenrohr (2) im Gegenstrom geführt ist, wobei mindestens zwei gleichartige Doppelrohrwärmeübertrager (1) in einer Reihenanordnung miteinander verbunden sind. Verfahren sieht vor, dass der Schlamm (5) in den ersten Doppelrohrwärmerübertrager (1) eingefüllt und mittels der Hohlschnecken (4) durch die Reihenanordnung transportiert wird, in dem ersten Doppelrohrwärmeübertrager (1) das Wasser durch Wärmezufuhr aus dem Schlamm (5) verdampft wird, in weiteren Doppelrohrwärmeübertragern (1) der Schlamm (5) auf ca. 550°C erwärmt wird, in nachfolgenden Doppelrohrwärmeübertragern (1) die organischen Komponenten unter Luftabschluss zu einem festen Pyrolyserückstand ...

DRYING UNIT FOR WATER REALMS BROWN COALS.

Systems and methods for an indirect radiation driven gasifier reactor and receiver configuration

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant are disclosed. Some embodiments may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats and a solar-driven chemical reactor. This chemical reactor may have multiple reactor tubes, in which particles of biomass may be gasified in the presence of a carrier gas in a gasification reaction to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide products. High heat transfer rates of the walls and tubes may allow the particles of biomass to achieve a high enough temperature necessary for substantial tar destruction and complete gasification of greater than 90 percent of the biomass particles into reaction products including hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in a very short residence time between a range of 0.01 and 5 seconds.

Apparatus for rapid mixing of media and method

The present invention relates to an apparatus, which can be part of a pre- treatment system in a plant for the production of fuels, e. g. bio-ethanol, derived from plant biomass, e. g. first generation crops, such as grain, sugarcane and corn or second generation crops such as lignocellulosic biomass. The invention relates to an apparatus for processing, such as fluffing and mixing, at least two media, such as a solid, e. g. biomass, and a fluid, e. g. steam, so as to rendering the first medium susceptible to efficient receiving of energy and/or mass which is provided by localized release of the second medium. Although the description of the present invention focuses on biomass, it is envisaged that the invention is generally applicable to control the mixing of at least two media by crossing their stream of while dispersing at least one of them.

Indirect heat drying method for particulate matter, refined-coal production method, indirect heat drying device, and refined-coal production device

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an indirect heat drying method and a refined-coal production method, with which the stability of carrier-gas pressure balance can be improved when using indirect heat dryers to dry particulate matter. This indirect heat drying method for particulate matter uses two indirect heat dryers, and is provided with: a step (A) in which particulate matter is dried in a first indirect heat dryer; and a step (B) in which the particulate matter is further dried in a second indirect heat dryer to obtain dried particulate matter. The indirect heat drying method for particulate matter is characterized by being further provided with: a step (C) in which first microparticles included in a carrier gas discharged from the first indirect heat dryer are recovered and mixed with the particulate matter supplied to step (B); and a step (D) in which second microparticles included in a carrier gas discharged from the second indirect heat dryer are recovered and ...

DRYING PLANT FOR BROWN COALS OF HIGH WATER CONTENT

Drying plant for brown coals of high water content A Drying plant for brown coals of high water content comprises, as seen in flow direction of the coal and one behind the other, a conveyor means equipped with a means for spraying hot waste water onto the coal, a wet sieve equipped with a means for supplying residual steam, a conveyor means for conveying the sieved material to a pressure lock , a preheating means equipped with a pressure lock at the charging location and with connexions for steam conduits , a further pressure lock for discharging the coal from the preheating means and for charging the coal into an autoclave being adapted for being supplied with steam, preferably saturated steam, and having connected thereto waste water conduits , a sieve drum arranged within the autoclave and being equipped with a variable rotational drive means and with conveyor elements, in particular screw conveyor elements, a further pressure lock for discharging the steamed material into a subsequent ...

SOLID FUEL

Provided is a solid fuel which is suitable for thermal power generation and uses the residue left after collecting beneficial seeds, grains, or bulbs. The solid fuel is obtained by thermal compression molding of a composition comprising, by dry weight, 70 wt% or more of dried Arundo donax, Leucaena leucocephala, Saccharum officinarum, Manihot esculenta, straw, seaweed, seagrass or algae.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TORREFACTION OF BIOMASS WITH A CYCLONIC BED REACTOR

A method for the torrefaction of biomass comprises receiving biomass having a given moisture content. The biomass is heated in a generally inert environment by indirect contact. The biomass is subsequently torrefied by exposing the biomass to a flow of combustion gases in the generally inert environment. The biomass is outlet with a reduced moisture content.

MOBILE DEVICE FOR TRANSFORMING CORN STRAW

Le procédé de production de combustible à base de transformation de paille de maïs avec des étapes suivantes : - fourniture et alimentation de paille de maïs (a), - mise en balles (b), - broyage avec humidité inférieure à 30 % (c) - réception de la matière paille de maïs y compris avec pied, - double broyage, - extraction des impuretés, - filtration, - dosage, - mélange - pré refroidissement, - distribution des granulés. Le dispositif de transformation de paille de maïs comprend au moins une unité de transformation équipée au moins, un déchiqueteur, un ensemble de deux broyeurs disposés en série, un séparateur à cyclone, un récipient collecteur doseur, un convoyeur mélangeur, un granulateur, et un convoyeur à tamis vibrant. Application à la production de combustibles végétaux sous forme de granulés ...

MOBILE SOLID FUEL PRODUCTION SYSTEM

A fuel production system includes a first modular unit and a second modular unit. The first modular unit includes a first housing, a process vessel, an agitator rotor assembly, a first drivetrain, an extrusion screw, a second drivetrain, a first separation vessel, and a product shaping system. The second modular unit includes a second housing, a thermal fluid heater system, a condenser, a second separation vessel, and a vacuum pump. The second modular unit is configured to be coupled to the first modular unit. At least a portion of each of the process vessel, the agitator rotor assembly, the first drivetrain, the extrusion screw, the second drivetrain, the first separation vessel, and the product shaping system are contained in the first housing. At least a portion of each of the thermal fluid heater system, the condenser, the second separation vessel, and the vacuum pump are contained in the second housing.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ БЫСТРОГО СМЕШИВАНИЯ СРЕД

FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to pre-treatment system for production of combustibles e.g. bioethanol, for example, from vegetal biomass of, for example, primary cereals, for example, grains, sugar-cane and corn, or secondary cereals such as lignocellulose biomass. Device for treatment such as plain edging and mixing of at least two media, for example, solid biomass and fluid, for example, steam to make first medium susceptible of efficient production of power and/or weight by localised introduction of second medium. Proposed device comprises casing and rotary device composed by stacked discs with radial slits that make steam or agent feed channels. EFFECT: higher efficiency of mixing of at least two media. 13 cl, 6 dwg РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 510 677 C2 (51) МПК B01F 7/10 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ОПИСАНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЯ К ПАТЕНТУ 2011134088/05, 12.01.2010 (24) Дата начала отсчета срока действия патента: 12.01.2010 Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: (72) Автор(ы): БЕЛДРИНГ Финн (DK), ЛУКИЧ Драган (DK), ХИЛЬСТРЕМ Троэльс (DK) 13.01.2009 DK PA200900050 (43) Дата публикации заявки: 20.02.2013 Бюл. № 5 R U (73) Патентообладатель(и): БИОГАСОЛЬ АпС (DK) (45) Опубликовано: 10.04.2014 Бюл. № 10 0209618 A1, 13.11.2003. SU 1801565 A1, 15.03.1993. SU 551998 A, 23.03.1981. US 2004/ 0124296 A1, 01.07.2004 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 15.08.2011 2 5 1 0 6 7 7 (56) Список документов, цитированных в отчете о поиске: US 4303470 A, 01.12.1981. US 2003/ 2 5 1 0 6 7 7 R U DK 2010/050004 (12.01.2010) C 2 C 2 (86) Заявка PCT: (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2010/081477 (22.07.2010) Адрес для переписки: 129010, Москва, ул. Б.Спасская, 25, стр.3, ООО "Юридическая фирма Городисский и Партнеры", пат.пов. А.В.Миц (54) УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ БЫСТРОГО СМЕШИВАНИЯ СРЕД (57) Реферат: Изобретение относится к способу и например, пар, чтобы сделать первую среду ...

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ БЫСТРОГО СМЕШИВАНИЯ СРЕД

... 1. Устройство для обработки, по меньшей мере, двух сред, причем обработка содержит вспушивание и смешивание, содержащее:кожух (108), имеющий, по меньшей мере, один вход (109) для первой среды,вращающееся средство (111) внутри кожуха (108), причем вращающееся средство содержит выступы (401), при этом выступы содержат обрабатывающие элементы, и указанное вращающееся средство (111) образует зоны смешивания при вращении,по меньшей мере, один вход (202) для подачи второй среды к зонам смешивания,каналы (306), расположенные во вращающемся средстве (111), для дозирования/нагнетания второй среды в зоны смешивания,по меньшей мере, один выход (209) для первой среды для ее выпуска после смешивания со второй средой,в котором вход (109) для первой среды выполнен с возможностью продвижения первой среды к вращающемуся средству (111) в направлении, параллельном или по существу параллельном радиусу вращающегося средства (111),отличающееся тем, чтовращающееся средство (111) содержит ряд поочередно составленных ...

СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТВЕРДОГО ТОПЛИВА

РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2019 108 062 A (51) МПК C10L 5/08 (2006.01) C10L 5/04 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ (12) ЗАЯВКА НА ИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ (21)(22) Заявка: 2019108062, 24.07.2017 (71) Заявитель(и): КАБУСИКИ КАЙСЯ КОБЕ СЕЙКО СЕ (КОБЕ СТИЛ, ЛТД.) (JP) Приоритет(ы): (30) Конвенционный приоритет: 24.08.2016 JP 2016-164103 (85) Дата начала рассмотрения заявки PCT на национальной фазе: 25.03.2019 R U (43) Дата публикации заявки: 25.09.2020 Бюл. № 27 (72) Автор(ы): ТАКАХАСИ Йоити (JP), КИНОСИТА Сигеру (JP), СИГЕХИСА Такуо (JP) (86) Заявка PCT: (87) Публикация заявки PCT: WO 2018/037808 (01.03.2018) A Адрес для переписки: 129090, Москва, ул. Б. Спасская, 25, стр. 3, ООО "Юридическая фирма Городисский и Партнеры" R U (57) Формула изобретения 1. Способ получения твердого топлива, включающий в себя: смешивание полученного из угля порошкообразного топлива, когезионного тонкодисперсного угля и измельченного топлива; компрессионное формование смеси материалов, полученной путем упомянутого смешивания; и измельчение части твердого топлива, полученного упомянутым компрессионным формованием, и просеивание измельченного твердого топлива, полученного упомянутым измельчением, через сито с размером отверстий 10 мм, при этом новое измельченное топливо, полученное упомянутым просеиванием, используют в качестве измельченного топлива при упомянутом смешивании. 2. Способ получения по п. 1, в котором доля измельченного топлива в смеси материалов, полученной при упомянутом смешивании, составляет не менее 5 мас.% и не более 50 мас.%. 3. Способ получения по п. 1, в котором упомянутый когезионный тонкодисперсный уголь имеет более высокие когезионные свойства по сравнению с полученным из угля порошкообразным топливом. 4. Способ получения по п. 3, в котором доля когезионного тонкодисперсного угля в смеси материалов, полученной при упомянутом смешивании, составляет не менее 5 Стр.: 1 A 2 0 1 9 1 0 8 0 6 2 (54) СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ТВЕРДОГО ТОПЛИВА 2 0 1 9 1 0 ...

DRYING INSTALLATION FOR LIGNITE WITH A HIGH WATER CONTENT

Extrusion apparatus

Extrusion apparatus

Process for producing solid biomass fuel

The present invention relates to a process for producing a solid biomass fuel, as well as a solid biomass fuel produced by said process. Additionally, the present invention relates to a combustion process comprising combusting said solid biomass fuel so as to produce energy, and to a fuel derived from a number of different biomass sources mentioned in a list. The process comprises (i) providing one or more sources of biomass, (ii) pulverising the biomass to a powder of average particle size (D50) of 1000-20,000 µm, (iii) optionally compressing the pulverised biomass powder,(iv) washing the compressed or pulverised biomass powder with an aqueous wash liquid, (v) mechanically dewatering it to produce a dewatered powder and an aqueous effluent, (vi) drying the dewatered biomass powder, (vii) moulding the dried biomass powder, (viii) heating the moulded biomass product to a temperature of 160-420 degrees C for a time period of 0.25-5 hours to provide a solid biomass fuel, and (ix) washing with ...

Indirect heat drying method for particulate matter, refined-coal production method, indirect heat drying device, and refined-coal production device

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an indirect heat drying method and a refined-coal production method, with which the stability of carrier-gas pressure balance can be improved when using indirect heat dryers to dry particulate matter. This indirect heat drying method for particulate matter uses two indirect heat dryers, and is provided with: a step (A) in which particulate matter is dried in a first indirect heat dryer; and a step (B) in which the particulate matter is further dried in a second indirect heat dryer to obtain dried particulate matter. The indirect heat drying method for particulate matter is characterized by being further provided with: a step (C) in which first microparticles included in a carrier gas discharged from the first indirect heat dryer are recovered and mixed with the particulate matter supplied to step (B); and a step (D) in which second microparticles included in a carrier gas discharged from the second indirect heat dryer are recovered and ...

SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TORREFACTION OF BIOMASS WITH A CYCLONIC BED REACTOR

A method for the torrefaction of biomass comprises receiving biomass having a given moisture content. The biomass is heated in a generally inert environment by indirect contact. The biomass is subsequently torrefied by exposing the biomass to a flow of combustion gases in the generally inert environment. The biomass is outlet with a reduced moisture content.

GAS COLLECTION APPARATUS

The disclosure provides a gas collection apparatus. The present apparatus may be used, for example, in a system for producing biocoal or biochar or bio-oil from biomass. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a thermochemical biomass reactor. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a syngas management system. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a gas collection apparatus for fluidly communicating with a retort of a biomass reactor, said collection apparatus comprising two or more gas collection pipes in fluid communication with spaced apart sections of said retort; and a gas collection manifold in fluid communication with said pipes. The gas collection apparatus is designed such that the gases collected by one pipe do not mix with those collected by another within the piping network.

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

METHOD FOR HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF BIOMASS, AND DEVICE THEREFOR

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé pour chauffer une biomasse en déplacement dans un trajet de traitement industriel comportant une entrée (1) pour la biomasse entrante, un moyen de chauffage (4) et un poste de traitement (5), une fraction de la biomasse chauffée par le moyen de 5 chauffage (4) étant renvoyée par une branche de retour (R) jusqu'à un poste de mélange (2) en amont du moyen de chauffage (4) pour y constituer avec la biomasse entrante un mélange ayant une température supérieure à la température de la biomasse entrante, la fraction de biomasse chauffée étant prélevée à une sortie (51) du poste de traitement 10 (5). The invention relates to a method for heating a moving biomass in an industrial treatment path comprising an inlet (1) for the incoming biomass, a heating means (4) and a treatment station (5), a fraction of the biomass heated by the heating means (4) being returned by a return branch (R) to a mixing station (2) upstream of the heating means (4) to form therewith the incoming biomass a mixture having a temperature above the temperature of the incoming biomass, the heated biomass fraction being taken at an outlet (51) of the treatment station (5).

DEVICE FOR JOINING A SCALE BUT

Post torrefaction biomass pelletization

A process for torrefaction of biomass is provided in which biomass are passed into a fluidized bed or a non-fluidized bed reactor and heated to a predetermined temperature in an oxidizing environment. The dried biomass is then fed to a cooler where the temperature of the product is reduced to approximately 100 degrees Fahrenheit.

Process for cryogenic fluid odorisation

The present invention relates to a process for odorizing a cryogenic fluid, comprising a step a) of continuously feeding an odorizing agent in liquid or gaseous form into a feed zone, said feeding being carried out at a temperature above the temperature of the cryogenic fluid and above the crystallization temperature of the odorizing agent, a step b) of feeding said odorizing agent in liquid or gaseous form from step a) into a buffer zone in which the liquid or gaseous odorizing agent is brought to a temperature of about the temperature of the cryogenic fluid, and a step c) of feeding said odorizing agent cooled in step b) into the contact zone, wherein said odorizing agent comes into contact with said cryogenic fluid to be odorized. The present invention also relates to an odorizing device for implementing said odorizing process.

Systems and methods for an integrated solar driven chemical plant

A method, apparatus, and system for an integrated solar- driven chemical plant that manages variations in solar energy are disclosed. In some embodiments, a chemical reactant, including particles of biomass, are converted in a solar driven chemical reactor into synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen using concentrated solar energy to drive the conversion of the chemical reactant. The synthesis gas is supplied for a catalytic conversion of the synthesis gas in a methanol synthesis plant to methanol. Cycling occurs between an operational state and an idle state for a number of methanol trains in the methanol synthesis plant depending upon an amount of synthesis gas generated in the solar driven chemical reactor. A control system for the chemical reactor sends control signals to and receives feedback from a control system for the methanol synthesis plant.

Method for controlling flow volume of coal/kerosene slurry, and apparatus for producing upgraded brown coal

The purpose of the present invention is to prevent the deterioration of the flow state of a coal/kerosene slurry while preventing the damage caused by overloading to thereby achieve excellent solid-liquid separation performance. In a solid-liquid separation step of supplying a dehydrated coal/kerosene slurry to a decanter-type centrifugal separator (2) to separate the coal/kerosene slurry into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, an opening degree target value is determined on the basis of the difference between a target value and an actually measured value of a torque that acts on a screw conveyor of the decanter-type centrifugal separator (2), and the opening degree of a flow volume control valve (6), which is arranged in the middle of a supply line (4) for supplying the coal/kerosene slurry into the decanter-type centrifugal separator (2), is adjusted to the opening degree target value.

Method for controlling flow volume of coal/kerosene slurry, and apparatus for producing upgraded brown coal

The purpose of the present invention is to prevent the deterioration of the flow state of a coal/kerosene slurry while preventing the damage caused by overloading to thereby achieve excellent solid-liquid separation performance. In a solid-liquid separation step of supplying a dehydrated coal/kerosene slurry to a decanter-type centrifugal separator (2) to separate the coal/kerosene slurry into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, an opening degree target value is determined on the basis of the difference between a target value and an actually measured value of a torque that acts on a screw conveyor of the decanter-type centrifugal separator (2), and the opening degree of a flow volume control valve (6), which is arranged in the middle of a supply line (4) for supplying the coal/kerosene slurry into the decanter-type centrifugal separator (2), is adjusted to the opening degree target value.

Horizontal sublimation system

Systems and methods for producing product gas fuel and solid char fuel from a carbon-containing feedstock are described. Feedstock is introduced into and transported through at least one substantially horizontal sublimation reaction chamber. An initial and final sublimation temperature is maintained within less than 10C in an atmosphere free from external oxygen and externally supplied catalyst. The system is configured to not have any product gas leak out of the reaction chamber or oxygen leak into a hot box configured to heat the reaction chamber.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF NON-ENERGENT BIOCOAL WITH THERMAL TREATMENT

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing, with thermal treatment, non-energent biocoal. Feedstock (x) is conveyed in a process space (2) with the conveyor arrangement (3), whereby a pyrolysis gas (y) is generated from the feedstock (x) present inside the conveyor arrangement (3) as a result of heat transfer from a combustion chamber (4). The amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds contained in the non-energent biocoal (x') is reduced/eliminated by means of water vapour (z') by delivering water (z) into the interior of the conveyor arrangement (3).

PROCESS FOR BENEFICIATING AND CLEANING BIOMASS

A process for cleaning and beneficiating biomass is described which may allow removal of entrained salts and light volatiles from biomass materials. The process may also minimize energy use through capturing steam and flue gases for re-use. The process may generally comprise the following steps: prewashing and/or preheating a biomass, pressurizing the biomass in a steam explosion vessel, rapidly depressurizing the steam explosion vessel, releasing the steam from the steam explosion vessel entrained with fine lignin-enriched particles into a cyclone-type gas expansion vessel, routing the steam from the gas expansion vessel to the input hopper, subjecting the biomass to a second washing step, mechanically removing a portion of the water from the biomass, and evaporatively heating the biomass.

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCING THE ENERGY CONTENT OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FROM PYROLYSIS

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

METHOD & APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING BIOCHAR

The present disclosure provides, at least in part, a system for pyrolysis of biomass, the system comprising: (a) a reactor having a retort extending therethrough, said retort comprising a conveyor, an inlet, and an outlet; the reactor further comprising at least one thermosensor, the thermosensor capable of generating a signal when the temperature is above optimal levels; (b) a heating system adapted to heat the reactor; (c) a syn-gas management system; the management system comprising a syn-gas storage tank having an inlet and an outlet, said inlet in fluid communication with the reactor, and said outlet in fluid communication with the heating system and syn-gas outlet such as a flare or storage tank wherein the communication is controlled via a valve configurable between at least a first position where flow is directed to the heating system and a second position where flow is directed to the flare pipe; and (d) a controller in communication with the thermosensor and the valve; wherein ...

HORIZONTAL SUBLIMATION SYSTEM

Systems and methods for producing product gas fuel and solid char fuel from a carbon-containing feedstock are described. Feedstock is introduced into and transported through at least one substantially horizontal sublimation reaction chamber. An initial and final sublimation temperature is maintained within less than 10C in an atmosphere free from external oxygen and externally supplied catalyst. The system is configured to not have any product gas leak out of the reaction chamber or oxygen leak into a hot box configured to heat the reaction chamber.

METHOD FOR MAKING GRANULES FROM AT LEAST ONE WET PLANT MATERIAL

METHOD FOR MAKING A FIRE LOG COMPRISING COFFEE GROUNDS, AND CRACKLING THUS OBTAINED

Le procédé de fabrication d'une bûche combustible à partir d'une composition granulaire comportant du marc de café, comporte : - une étape de mélange de grains de marc de café avec un liant solide ou pâteux et - une étape d'imprégnation par liquéfaction du liant à une température supérieure à sa température de fusion et pendant une durée inférieure à la durée d'imprégnation du cœur d'au moins 50 % en masse des grains de marc de café. Dans des modes de réalisation, l'étape d'imprégnation comporte : - une étape d'extrusion, en mettant en œuvre une extrudeuse comportant, sur au moins une vis, une partie amont et une partie avale dans le sens de déplacement de la composition et - une étape de chauffage pour chauffer la composition granulaire présente dans l'extrudeuse à proximité de la partie avale à une température supérieure à la température de la composition granulaire à proximité de la partie amont. The process for producing a fuel log from a granular composition comprising coffee grounds comprises: a step of mixing coffee grounds with a solid or pasty binder and a liquefaction impregnation step binder at a temperature above its melting temperature and for a time less than the core impregnation time of at least 50% by weight of the grounds of coffee grounds. In embodiments, the impregnation step comprises: an extrusion step, by implementing an extruder comprising, on at least one screw, an upstream part and a downstream part in the direction of displacement of the composition and a heating step for heating the granular composition present in the extruder near the downstream portion at a temperature greater than the temperature of the granular composition near the upstream portion.

APPARATUS AND A METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PELLET FUEL, CAPABLE OF CONTROLLING THE WATER CONTENT OF A RAW MATERIAL

PURPOSE: An apparatus and a method for manufacturing pellet fuel are provided to simplify processes and to decrease a failure rate due to an over-moistured raw material and an over-dried raw material. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus(100) for manufacturing pellet fuel comprises a sawdust supplying storage tank(101), a drying furnace(112), a transferring conveyor(120), and a dried raw material storage tank(102). A water content measuring instrument(140a) is installed on a discharge hole(102a) formed on a lower part of the dried raw material storage tank. The discharge hole is connected with a mixer(150) in which a transfer screw is built. A plurality of water sprays are installed on the top of the mixer, and spray water into the inside the mixer. A water injecting unit includes each control unit. The control unit controls the water injection amount of the water injecting unit by comparing with the water content of the raw material in a predetermined state. © KIPO 2009 ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR TORREFACTION OF BIOMASS WITH A CYCLONIC BED REACTOR

A system for pre-conditioning of biomass for subsequent torrefaction of the biomass comprises a burner producing combustion gases. A feed screw unit has an inlet for receiving the biomass, an outlet for outletting the biomass, and a feed screw for displacing the biomass from the inlet to the outlet. A sleeve surrounds and is in heat exchange relation with at least part of the feed screw unit. A pneumatic circuit receives combustion gases from the burner, the pneumatic circuit connected to an inlet of the sleeve for directing combustion gases therein to heat the biomass by indirect contact via the heat exchange relation, the pneumatic circuit having a pipe section extending from the outlet of the feed screw unit to a torrefaction reactor with combustion gases flowing from the outlet of the sleeve to the torrefacton reactor to convey the biomass and the combustion gases to the torrefaction reactor. 1. A system for pre-conditioning of biomass for subsequent torrefaction of the biomass comprising:at least one burner producing combustion gases;a feed screw unit having an inlet configured for receiving the biomass, an outlet configured for outletting the biomass, and a feed screw configured for displacing the biomass from the inlet to the outlet;a sleeve surrounding and in heat exchange relation with at least part of the feed screw unit;a pneumatic circuit receiving combustion gases from the at least one burner, the pneumatic circuit connected to an inlet of the sleeve for directing combustion gases therein to heat the biomass in the feed screw unit by indirect contact via the heat exchange relation, the pneumatic circuit having a pipe section extending from the outlet of the feed screw unit to a torrefaction reactor with combustion gases flowing from the outlet of the feed screw unit to the torrefacton reactor to convey the biomass and the combustion gases to the torrefaction reactor.2. (canceled)3. The system according to claim 1 , comprising a rotary valve at the inlet ...

Systems and methods for biomass gasifier reactor and receiver configuration

A method, apparatus, and system for solar-driven chemical plant may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats. Additionally, some embodiments may include a solar driven chemical reactor that has multiple reactor tubes. The concentrated solar energy drives the endothermic gasification reaction of the particles of biomass flowing through the reactor tubes. Some embodiments may also include an on-site fuel synthesis reactor that is geographically located on the same site as the chemical reactor and integrated to receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction.

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCING THE ENERGY CONTENT OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FROM PYROLYSIS

HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS AND USES THEREOF

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

APPARATUS FOR RAPID MIXING OF MEDIA AND METHOD

The present invention relates to an apparatus, which can be part of a pre-treatment system in a plant for the production of fuels, e. g. bio-ethanol, derived from plant biomass, e. g. first generation crops, such as grain, sugarcane and corn or second generation crops such as lignocellulosic biomass. The invention relates to an apparatus for processing, such as fluffing and mixing, at least two media, such as a solid, e. g. biomass, and a fluid, e. g. steam, so as to rendering the first medium susceptible to efficient receiving of energy and/or mass which is provided by localized release of the second medium. Although the description of the present invention focuses on biomass, it is envisaged that the invention is generally applicable to control the mixing of at least two media by crossing their stream of while dispersing at least one of them.

BIOMASS APPARATUS AND METHOD WITH PRE-TREATMENT AND REFLUX CONDENSER

A method of drying a moisture-containing or water-laden biomass material is provided that includes the steps of sending the biomass material into an apparatus having a feeding device, a rotary biomass dryer, a reflux condenser, an aftercooler, and an exit mechanism. The biomass material may be pretreated, and then heated in order to separate the moisture-containing or water laden biomass material into steam and dry biomass material. The steam is removed as the steam and the dry biomass material passes through the reflux condenser, the dry biomass is cooled in the aftercooler stage, and the dry biomass material is collected after exiting the apparatus through the exit mechanism.

Diesel-soluble lignin oils and methods of their production

Method and apparatus for torrefaction of biomass with a cyclonic bed reactor

A system for pre-conditioning of biomass for subsequent torrefaction of the biomass comprises a burner producing combustion gases. A feed screw unit has an inlet for receiving the biomass, an outlet for outletting the biomass, and a feed screw for displacing the biomass from the inlet to the outlet. A sleeve surrounds and is in heat exchange relation with at least part of the feed screw unit. A pneumatic circuit receives combustion gases from the burner, the pneumatic circuit connected to an inlet of the sleeve for directing combustion gases therein to heat the biomass by indirect contact via the heat exchange relation, the pneumatic circuit having a pipe section extending from the outlet of the feed screw unit to a torrefaction reactor with combustion gases flowing from the outlet of the sleeve to the torrefaction reactor to convey the biomass and the combustion gases to the torrefaction reactor.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CYCLIC OPERATIONS IN A FUEL SYNTHESIS PROCESS

A method, apparatus, and system for a fuel synthesis system including a multiple methanol reactor train, operated in parallel from a common input of 1) synthesis gas from a solar driven chemical reactor and 2) synthesis gas from a storage tank. In some embodiments, the multiple methanol reactor trains are idled as needed based on a variable amount of synthesis gas fed into the process. Additionally, some embodiments may include a controller to control operation of the multiple methanol trains by potentially idling one or more of the methanol reactor trains, switching to an operational state, or altering the output from the reactor trains, based on the amount of synthesis gas being generated by the solar driven chemical reactor, which is subject to marked variations in volume of synthesis gas output based on a seasonal, diurnal and weather effects.

PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF AN INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT INTENDED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL AND FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIGNIN

A process for producing from a lignocellulosic raw material of (i) an intermediate product that is intended for the production of ethanol, containing polysaccharides, cellulose and hemicelluloses, and (ii) a product containing lignin in an aqueous solution without sulfur residue, this lignin could be precipitated. The process includes a step of pulping the raw material in an extruder at a temperature of between 60° C. and 180° C. and in the presence of a quantity of water that represents between 200% and 450% of the mass of said raw material and in the presence of a strong base at a concentration of between 0.5% and 4% relative to the volume of water.

Manure treatment process with anaerobic digester

A process is provided for converting waste fibers to solid fuel. The process includes providing a supply of animal waste including the waste fibers in a predetermined quantity, subjecting the supply of animal waste to anaerobic digestion, producing a waste byproduct, dewatering the waste byproduct, and compressing the dewatered waste byproduct to form briquettes.

DRYING PLANT FOR BROWN COAL

A METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF A COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL FOR AN INDUSTRIAL BOILER, CORRESPONDING MATERIAL AND INSTALLATION

The invention concerns a method for producing a combustible material having a net calorific value greater than or equal to 5.29 MWh/t. According to the invention, such a method comprises - continuously introducing a predetermined volume per minute of wood fragments into a pressurised reactor; - exposing the wood fragments to steam at a temperature of between 200 and 220°C for a period of between 5 and 9 minutes, the value of the period of exposure and the temperature value of the steam being selected such that the severity factor is between 4.05 and 4.15; - continuously extracting, from the reactor, a same predetermined volume of wood fragments per minute, through a plurality of apertures opening in a pipe substantially at atmospheric pressure; - separating the decompressed wood fragments and the residual steam extracted from the reactor, the wood fragments obtained after separation forming the combustible material.

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Method for controlling flow volume of coal/kerosene slurry, and apparatus for producing upgraded brown coal

本发明防止因超负荷导致的损伤，并且防止煤·煤油浆料的流动状态的恶化，发挥优异的固液分离性能。在将脱水后的煤·煤油浆料供给至沉降式离心分离机(2)中进行固液分离的固液分离工序中，基于作用于沉降式离心分离机(2)的螺杆输送机的扭矩的目标值与实测值之差确定开度目标值，使在向沉降式离心分离机(2)内供给煤·煤油浆料的供给管线(4)的途中设置的流量控制阀(6)的开度为上述开度目标值。

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Solid fuel

Provided is a solid fuel which is suitable for thermal power generation and uses the residue left after collecting beneficial seeds, grains, or bulbs. The solid fuel is obtained by thermal compression molding of a composition comprising, by dry weight, 70 wt% or more of dried , , , straw, seaweed, seagrass or algae.

Solid fuel production method

The present invention addresses the issue of providing a production method for solid fuel, whereby a solid fuel having relatively high strength can be obtained from a powdered fuel. This production method for solid fuel compresses and molds coal-based powdered fuel and comprises: a step in which a pulverized fuel having a larger average particle diameter than the coal-based powdered fuel is mixed with the coal-based powdered fuel; a step in which the mixture obtained in the mixing step is compressed and molded; and a step in which some of the solid fuel obtained in the compression and molding step is pulverized. The production method is characterized by the solid fuel pulverized in the pulverization step being used as the pulverized fuel used in the mixing step. Ideally, the mixing ratio for pulverized fuel is 5%-50% by mass of the mixture in the mixing step. A binding coal powder having greater binding properties than the coal-based powdered fuel may be also mixed in in the mixing step ...

Method and apparatus for the manufacturing of non-energent biocoal with thermal treatment

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing, with thermal treatment, non-energent biocoal. Feedstock (x) is conveyed in a process space (2) with the conveyor arrangement (3), whereby a pyrolysis gas (y) is generated from the feedstock (x) present inside the conveyor arrangement (3) as a result of heat transfer from a combustion chamber (4). The amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds contained in the non-energent biocoal (x') is reduced/eliminated by means of water vapour (z') by delivering water (z) into the interior of the conveyor arrangement (3).

DRYING PLANT FOR BROWN COAL

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FORMING A SOLID FUEL ELEMENT

A system for forming a woody biomass component and a binder component into a solid fuel element having a predetermined density. The system includes a first compression assembly for compressing an uncompressed mixture of the woody biomass component and the binder component to provide a first compressed mixture formed into a preliminary element having a preliminary density. The system also includes a second compression assembly for compressing the preliminary element to form the solid fuel element having the predetermined density, which is greater than the preliminary density.

DIESEL-SOLUBLE LIGNIN OILS AND METHODS OF THEIR PRODUCTION

Solvent consumption in supercritical ethanol, propanol or butanol treatment of either refined pre-extracted lignin or comparatively impure lignin-rich solid residual from hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic biomass can be minimized by conducting the reaction at very high loading of lignin to solvent. Comparatively impure, crude lignin- rich solid residual can be directly converted by supercritical alcohol treatment to significantly diesel-soluble lignin oil without requirement for pre-extraction or pre- solubilisation of lignin or for added reaction promoters such as catalysts, hydrogen donor co-solvents, acids, based or H2 gas. O:C ratio of product oil can readily be obtained using crude lignin residual in such a process at levels 0.20 or lower.

SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into highcarbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt%, 95 wt%, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects.

PROCESS FOR THE CONTINUOUS MANUFACTURE OF A FUEL MATERIAL FOR INDUSTRIAL BOILER, MATERIAL AND CORRESPONDING INSTALLATION

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une matière combustible pour chaudière industrielle à partir de plaquettes de bois. Selon l'invention, un tel procédé comprend - introduction en continu d'un volume prédéterminée par minute de fragments de bois obtenus à partir des plaquettes dans un réacteur sous pression - exposition des fragments de bois introduits dans ledit réacteur à ladite vapeur d'eau pendant une durée comprise entre 5 et 30mn, la valeur de ladite durée d'exposition et la valeur de la température de ladite vapeur sensiblement saturée étant sélectionnées de sorte que le facteur de sévérité soit compris entre 3 et 5 ; - extraction en continu dudit réacteur d'un même volume prédéterminé de fragments de bois par minute, au travers d'une pluralité d'orifices débouchant dans un conduit sensiblement à la pression atmosphérique - séparation desdits fragments de bois décompressés et de la vapeur résiduelle extraite dudit réacteur, lesdits fragments de bois obtenus après séparation formant ladite matière combustible. The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a combustible material for an industrial boiler from wood chips. According to the invention, such a method comprises - continuous introduction of a predetermined volume per minute of wood fragments obtained from the chips into a pressure reactor exposure of the wood fragments introduced into said reactor to said water vapor for a period of between 5 and 30 minutes, the value of said exposure time and the value of the temperature of said substantially saturated vapor being selected so that the severity factor is between 3 and 5; - continuous extraction from said reactor of the same predetermined volume of wood fragments per minute, through a plurality of orifices opening into a duct substantially at atmospheric pressure - Separation of said decompressed wood fragments and of the residual vapor extracted from said reactor, said wood fragments obtained after ...

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Diesel-soluble lignin oils and methods of their production

Solvent consumption in supercritical ethanol, propanol or butanol treatment of either refined pre-extracted lignin or comparatively impure lignin-rich solid residual from hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic biomass can be minimized by conducting the reaction at very high loading of lignin to solvent. Comparatively impure, crude lignin-rich solid residual can be directly converted by supercritical alcohol treatment to significantly diesel-soluble lignin oil without requirement for pre-extraction or pre-solubilisation of lignin or for added reaction promoters such as catalysts, hydrogen donor co-solvents, acids, based or H2 gas. O:C ratio of product oil can readily be obtained using crude lignin residual in such a process at levels 0.20 or lower.

PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BIO-PRODUCTS FROM BIOMASS USING ROTARY COMPRESSION UNIT

A bio-product such as biochar, bio-coal, bio-oil, coke, and/or activated carbon material is formed by processing a starting biomass material comprising water-laden material. The starting biomass material is heated to below or above an autoignition temperature through a rotary compression unit (RCU) by generating steam through releasing unbound and bound waters in the biomass thus forming a bio-product. The biomass material being processed may be, without limitation, a woody or non-woody biomass material, such as cellulosic material and/or grain. The process can also form bio-oil from pyrolysis vapors which can be processed to other bio-products. 1. A method of producing bio-products from starting biomass materials , the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a rotary compression unit (RCU) having a compression screw, a barrel, and optionally one or more flow disrupters mounted on an interior surface of the barrel, the screw operable to rotate at a speed to produce friction and compression to generate a desired elevated temperature within the barrel and steam from bound and unbound water within the biomass, wherein passing the biomass through the RCU forms a bio-product;', '(b) feeding the biomass material to the RCU; and', '(c) allowing the biomass material to be mixed and heated resulting from steam that is formed within the RCU from increased friction and pressure formed by rotating the compression screw;', '(d) removing the bio-product from the RCU;', '(e) cooling the bio-product; and', '(f) collecting the bio-product., 'providing a starting biomass material comprising a moisture-containing or water-laden material;'}2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the starting biomass material is either woody or non-woody biomass.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biomass is heated to a temperature below autoignition.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein steam explosion and hydro-flaking occurs by causing cell explosion within the RCU and wherein the bio-product is ...

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 120.-. (canceled)21. A vessel comprising:a first shell;a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending from the first end to the second end, the second shell defining a cavity, the second shell further defining a primary longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell having a cross section that is transverse to the primary longitudinal axis, the cross section including first, second, third, and fourth arcuate inner wall portions, the second arcuate inner wall portion forming a channel between the third arcuate inner wall portion and the fourth arcuate inner wall portion;a first mixer disposed in the cavity;a second mixer disposed in the cavity; andan extruder element disposed in the channel in the cavity.22. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the first mixer and the second mixer each comprise a rotary mixing blade.23. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the extruder element is an extrusion screw.24. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the first arcuate inner wall portion has a first radius of curvature and the second arcuate inner wall portion has a second radius of curvature that is larger than the first radius of curvature.25. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell ...

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Gas Collection Apparatus

The disclosure provides a gas collection apparatus. The present apparatus may be used, for example, in a system for producing biocoal or biochar or bio-oil from biomass. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a thermochemical biomass reactor. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a syngas management system. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a gas collection apparatus for fluidly communicating with a retort of a biomass reactor, said collection apparatus comprising two or more gas collection pipes in fluid communication with spaced apart sections of said retort; and a gas collection manifold in fluid communication with said pipes. The gas collection apparatus is designed such that the gases collected by one pipe do not mix with those collected by another within the piping network.

Method & Apparatus for Producing Biochar

The present disclosure provides, at least in part, a system for pyrolysis of biomass, the system comprising: (a) a reactor having a retort extending therethrough, said retort comprising a conveyor, an inlet, and an outlet; the reactor further comprising at least one thermosensor, the thermosensor capable of generating a signal when the temperature is above optimal levels; (b) a heating system adapted to heat the reactor; (c) a syn-gas management system; the management system comprising a syn-gas storage tank having an inlet and an outlet, said inlet in fluid communication with the reactor, and said outlet in fluid communication with the heating system and syn-gas outlet such as a flare or storage tank wherein the communication is controlled via a valve configurable between at least a first position where flow is directed to the heating system and a second position where flow is directed to the flare pipe; and (d) a controller in communication with the thermosensor and the valve; wherein the controller switches the valve from the first position to the second position upon receiving a signal from the thermosensor that the temperature in the reactor is above optimal levels. 3. The system of or comprising a dryer for drying the biomass prior to entry into the reactor.4. The system of or comprising a biochar delivery system for receiving the biochar from the reactor.5. The system of wherein the biochar delivery system comprises a cooling zone claim 4 , a compaction area claim 4 , with a rotary airlock valve therebetween.6. The system of or comprising an additive delivery system for introducing additives to the biochar.76. The system of - wherein the additive delivery system is located with the biochar delivery system.8. The system of or wherein the controller is a programmable logic controller.9. The system of or wherein the controller further controls the speed of the conveyor.109. The system of any of - wherein the conveyor is an auger.11. A method for converting ...

A METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF A COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL FOR AN INDUSTRIAL BOILER, CORRESPONDING MATERIAL AND INSTALLATION

The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a combustible material having a lower heating value of 5.29 MWh/t or more. 2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said wood chips contain at least 50 wt % of hardwood.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said wood chips contain at least 80 wt % of hardwood.4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein said wood chips are derived substantially exclusively from hardwoods.5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said time of exposure of the wood fragments to said steam in the reactor is between 6 and 8 minutes.6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the temperature of said steam in the reactor is between 205 and 210° C.7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises transforming said combustible material into pellets.8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the moisture content of said obtained wood fragments is between 8 and 12%.9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the obtaining wood fragments having a moisture content of between 5 and 25% comprises grinding natural wood chips and/or recovered wood chips and drying said ground wood chips.10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the introducing said wood fragments into the reactor comprises compacting and pushing said fragments by using a screw.11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said reactor is a vertical reactor and said wood fragments introduced into said reactor are driven towards an extraction zone close to a bottom of said reactor under the effect of gravity.12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said reactor is horizontal and the exposing comprises transporting said fragments between an introduction zone and an extraction zone in said reactor.13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the separating comprises centrifuging said wood fragments and/or passing said wood fragments and residual steam through a cyclonic separator.14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

Apparatus for rapid mixing of media and method

The present invention relates to an apparatus, which can be part of a pre-treatment system in a plant for the production of fuels, e. g. bio-ethanol, derived from plant biomass, e. g. first generation crops, such as grain, sugarcane and corn or second generation crops such as lignocellulosic biomass. The invention relates to an apparatus for processing, such as fluffing and mixing, at least two media, such as a solid, e. g. biomass, and a fluid, e. g. steam, so as to rendering the first medium susceptible to efficient receiving of energy and/or mass which is provided by localized release of the second medium. Although the description of the present invention focuses on biomass, it is envisaged that the invention is generally applicable to control the mixing of at least two media by crossing their stream of while dispersing at least one of them.

PROCESS VESSEL FOR FORMING FUEL COMPOSITIONS AND RELATED SYSTEMS AND METHODS

This disclosure relates to a processing that includes a first shell and a second shell disposed within the first shell. The second shell includes a first end, a second end, and a wall extending between the first end and the second end. The second shell also defines a cavity and a longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end. A cross section of the second shell transverse to the longitudinal axis includes a first arcuate inner wall portion having a first radius of curvature and a second arcuate inner wall portion having a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature is larger than the second radius of curvature. 120-. (canceled)21. A vessel comprising:a first shell;a second shell disposed within the first shell, the second shell comprising a first end, a second end, and a wall extending from the first end to the second end, the second shell defining a cavity, the second shell further defining a primary longitudinal axis extending between the first end and the second end, the second shell having a cross section that is transverse to the primary longitudinal axis, the cross section including first, second, third, and fourth arcuate inner wall portions, the second arcuate inner wall portion forming a channel between the third arcuate inner wall portion and the fourth arcuate inner wall portion;at least one mixer disposed in the cavity; anda heating structure coupled to a surface of the wall.22. The vessel of claim 21 , wherein the heating structure extends over a surface of the wall.23. The vessel of claim 22 , wherein the heating structure extends over an inner surface of the wall.24. The vessel of claim 22 , wherein the heating structure extends over an outer surface of the wall.25. The vessel of claim 24 , wherein an annular enclosure is defined between the first shell and the second shell.26. The vessel of claim 25 , wherein the heating structure comprises an insulating material disposed within the annular enclosure.27. The ...

Combustible article comprising lignin

It is disclosed a combustible article of manufacture comprising a treated lignin composition and a combustible support, wherein the treated lignin composition is attached to at least a portion of an external surface of the combustible support with a force greater than the force of gravity relative to the treated lignin composition. The treated lignin composition comprises solid lignin and has a moisture content in the range of 35% to 80% percent by weight. The combustible support is preferably a hardwood chip, but it may be also softwood chips, coal, coke, and shredded tires. It is also disclosed a fuel composition comprising a plurality of the combustible article.

Methods and apparatus for enhancing the energy content of carbonaceous materials from pyrolysis

Processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas is employed to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

METHOD AND AN APPARATUS FOR DRY PROCESSING HOT COAL AND COKE

An apparatus for handling hot coal is provided, comprising —a cooling structure arranged to receive coal from a process chamber and to cool the coal in an atmosphere impeding ignition; and —a pneumatic conveyor system arranged to move coal by air pressure; wherein the cooling structure is configured to cool the coal to a surface temperature allowing the pneumatic conveyor system to convey the coal across a predetermined distance without the coal igniting. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a gas lock arranged to allow coal to pass from the cooling structure into the pneumatic conveyor system and to impede communicating fluid exchange between the cooling structure and the pneumatic conveyor system claim 1 , the gas lock preferably being a second rotary airlock.3. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , further comprising at least one screw conveyor arranged to move coal through the cooling structure.4. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the cooling structure comprises a cooling outlet and the pneumatic conveyor system comprises a conveyor inlet wherein the cooling outlet is arranged above the conveyor inlet such that gravity causes coal to drop from the cooling outlet into the conveyor inlet claim 1 , the conveyor inlet preferably being an inlet chute.5. The apparatus of any one of the preceding claims claim 1 , wherein the cooling structure comprises a first cooling chamber in fluid communication with the process chamber and a second cooling chamber arranged to receive coal from the first cooling chamber claim 1 , wherein communicating fluid exchange between the second cooling chamber and the first cooling chamber as well as the process chamber is impeded.6. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein a first gas lock is arranged between the first cooling chamber and the second cooling chamber claim 4 , the first gas lock preferably being a first rotary airlock.7. The apparatus of any one of the preceding ...

METHOD OF DRYING BIOMASS

A process for torrefaction of biomass is provided in which biomass are passed into a fluidized bed reactor and heated to a predetermined temperature in an oxidizing environment. The dried biomass is then fed to a cooler where the temperature of the product is reduced to approximately 100 degrees Fahrenheit. 120-. (canceled)21. A process for producing torrefied biomass , comprising:directing a feed stream of biomass to a fluidized bed reactor, wherein the fluidized bed reactor has an aspect ratio no greater than about 2;directing a gas to the fluidized bed reactor, wherein the gas comprises a reactive oxygen;heating the biomass in the fluidized bed reactor with a first heat source, which provides heat energy into the fluidized bed reactor, to a first temperature sufficient to evaporate water in the biomass and to convert a portion of the biomass to vaporized organic compounds, wherein a dry biomass is produced that contains less than about 10 wt. percent moisture; andheating the dry biomass with the first heat source and a second heat source associated with combustion of the vaporized organic compounds, wherein heat from the first heat source and the second heat source intermingle to provide heat energy to produce a torrefied biomass from the dry biomass.22. The process of claim 21 , further comprising adding air to the fluidized bed reactor to adjust an oxygen content of the first heat source and the second heat source within the fluidized bed reactor.23. The process of claim 21 , further comprising adding coal to the feed stream.24. The process of claim 21 , further comprising directing heated air to the fluidized bed reactor with a startup heater.25. The process of claim 21 , wherein the first temperature does not initiate a torrefaction reaction.26. The process of claim 21 , wherein torrefied biomass is cooled in a mixer or a hollow flight screw cooler.27. The process of claim 21 , wherein the torrefied biomass is consolidated into pellets or briquettes before ...

METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR ENHANCING THE ENERGY CONTENT OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FROM PYROLYSIS

Processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas is employed to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 BtU/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives. 171-. (canceled)72. A process for producing a high-carbon biogenic reagent , the process comprising:(a) providing a carbon-containing feedstock comprising biomass;(b) in a pyrolysis zone, pyrolyzing the feedstock in the presence of a substantially inert gas for at least 10 minutes at a pyrolysis temperature from about 250° C. to about 700° C., thereby generating hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases;(c) separating at least a portion of the condensable vapors and at least a portion of the non-condensable gases from the hot pyrolyzed solids;(d) in a cooling zone, cooling the hot pyrolyzed solids, in the presence of the substantially inert gas for at least 5 minutes at a cooling temperature less than the pyrolysis temperature, thereby generating warm pyrolyzed solids;(e) subsequently passing at least a portion of the condensable vapors and/or at least a portion of the non-condensable gases from step (c) across the warm pyrolyzed solids, thereby forming enhanced pyrolyzed solids with increased carbon content; and(f) recovering a ...

Device for producing fuel of sludge

Disclosed therein is a device for producing can dry organic sludge generated in industrial sites or domestic sewage treatment plants by a sludge separator so as to produce fuel of sludge. The device for producing fuel of sludge includes: a cylindrical body having a sludge inlet formed at an upper portion and a sludge outlet formed at a lower portion of the body; a stirring shaft rotated by a motor and vertically mounted at the center of the body; a movement space having heating plates formed toward the stirring shaft and heating plates formed toward the body, the heating plates formed toward the stirring shaft and the heating plates formed toward the body being mounted alternately and respectively having heaters; stirring wings disposed between the heating plates and mounted on the stirring shaft; and a screw conveyer connected with the sludge outlet of the body.

Process for cryogenic fluid odorisation

The present invention relates to a process for odorizing a cryogenic fluid, comprising a step a) of continuously feeding an odorizing agent in liquid or gaseous form into a feed zone, said feeding being carried out at a temperature above the temperature of the cryogenic fluid and above the crystallization temperature of the odorizing agent, a step b) of feeding said odorizing agent in liquid or gaseous form from step a) into a buffer zone in which the liquid or gaseous odorizing agent is brought to a temperature of about the temperature of the cryogenic fluid, and a step c) of feeding said odorizing agent cooled in step b) into the contact zone, wherein said odorizing agent comes into contact with said cryogenic fluid to be odorized. The present invention also relates to an odorizing device for implementing said odorizing process.

SYSTEMS AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCTION OF HIGH-CARBON BIOGENIC REAGENTS

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into highcarbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. 160-. (canceled)60. A biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor comprising a material feed system , a plurality of spatially separated reaction zones configured for separately controlling temperature and mixing within each of said reaction zones , and a carbonaceous-solids outlet , wherein one of said reaction zones is configured with a first gas inlet for introducing a substantially inert gas into said biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor , and wherein one of said reaction zones is configured with a first gas outlet.61. The biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor of claim 60 , wherein said biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor includes at least two reaction zones.6257. The biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor of claim claim 60 , wherein said biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor includes at least three reaction zones.63. The biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor of claim 62 , wherein said reactor includes at least four reaction zones.64. The biomass pyrolysis continuous reactor of claim 60 , wherein each of said reaction zones is disposed in communication with separately adjustable indirect heating means claim 60 , each independently selected from ...

Process for producing high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

Material Transfer System

A material transfer system for transferring material into or out of a pyrolysis system is described. The system includes a first conduit comprising a first inlet and a first outlet. a store, and a second conduit comprising a second inlet and a second outlet. The first conduit is configured to receive, at the first inlet, the material and transfer the material, through the first outlet, to the store. The store is configured to store the material. The second conduit is configured to: receive, at the second inlet, the material, transfer the material, and output the material through the second outlet.

System And Method For Processing A Material

A system for processing a material includes a pre-processing module configured to receive the material, mechanically stress the received material, and output the mechanically stressed material. The system also includes a pyrolysis module communicatively coupled to the pre-processing module and downstream of the pre-processing module. The pyrolysis module is configured to receive the mechanically stressed material from the pre-processing module and to perform a pyrolysis process on the received mechanically stressed material, thereby to produce one or more pyrolysis products. 1. A system for processing a material , the system comprising:a pre-processing module configured to receive the material, mechanically stress the received material, heat the received material to less than or equal to 375° C., and output the mechanically stressed and heated material; anda pyrolysis module communicatively coupled to the pre-processing module and downstream of the pre-processing module, the pyrolysis module configured to receive the mechanically stressed and heated material from the pre-processing module and to perform a pyrolysis process on the received mechanically stressed material, thereby to produce one or more pyrolysis products, wherein the pyrolysis process comprises heating the material received from the pre-processing module to greater than or equal to 450° C.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pre-processing module and the pyrolysis module are separate modules comprising different respective chambers for processing material.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pre-processing module and the pyrolysis module are independent modules that are configured to be controlled independently of one another.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pre-processing module and the pyrolysis module are configured to be operated simultaneously such that the pre-processing module may process a received feedstock material at the same time as the pyrolysis module performs the pyrolysis ...

POST TORREFACTION BIOMASS PELLETIZATION

A process for torrefaction of biomass is provided in which biomass are passed into a fluidized bed or a non-fluidized bed reactor and heated to a predetermined temperature in an oxidizing environment. The dried biomass is then fed to a cooler where the temperature of the product is reduced to approximately 100 degrees Fahrenheit. 1. A single-stage process for biomass torrefaction , comprising:charging biomass to a fluidized bed reactor, said biomass selected from the group consisting of wood, forestry waste, energy crops, municipal waste, plant material, straw, agricultural waste, and combinations thereof;charging a fluidizing gas to said fluidized bed reactor at a velocity of from about 4 to about 8 feet per second;combusting an amount of said biomass in said fluidized bed reactor;spraying liquid water into said fluidized bed reactor to assist with control of a temperature of said fluidized bed reactor from about 230° C. to about 350° C.;maintaining an oxygen content of less than about 15 vol. % in an exiting gas leaving said fluidized bed reactor;removing moisture from said biomass, wherein said biomass charged to said fluidized bed reactor has an average moisture content of from about 10% to about 50%, andwherein said fluidized bed reactor is comprised of a fluidized bed with a fluidized bed density of from about 20 to about 50 pounds per cubic foot, whereby a torrefied biomass is produced; andincreasing the density of said torrefied biomass at a temperature of about 90° C. to 200° C. to form a densified biomass.2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said densified biomass is hydrophobic.3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said densified biomass possesses at least one of a coating and a glassy surface.4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said densified biomass contains a distribution of lignins.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said densified biomass is in the form of pellets or briquettes.6. The process of claim 1 , further comprising adding a binder to the ...

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FORMING A SOLID FUEL ELEMENT

A system for forming a woody biomass component and a binder component into a solid fuel element having a predetermined density. The system includes a first compression assembly for compressing an uncompressed mixture of the woody biomass component and the binder component to provide a first compressed mixture formed into a preliminary element having a preliminary density. The system also includes a second compression assembly for compressing the preliminary element to form the solid fuel element having the predetermined density, which is greater than the preliminary density. 123.-. (canceled)24. A system for forming a woody biomass component and a binder component into a solid fuel element having a predetermined density , the system comprising:a mixer assembly for mixing the woody biomass component and the binder component in predetermined proportions to provide an uncompressed mixture;a first compression assembly comprising a first cylinder comprising a first chamber therein and a first piston movable in the first cylinder, for compressing the uncompressed mixture in the first chamber to provide a first compressed mixture formed into a preliminary element occupying a first volume, the preliminary element having a preliminary density;a fine meter assembly for delivering at least one predetermined amount of the uncompressed mixture to the first chamber;a plurality of heat-generating elements for heating the uncompressed mixture and the first compressed mixture to at least one preselected temperature that is less than a melting temperature of the binder component; anda second compression assembly comprising a second cylinder comprising a second chamber therein and a second piston movable in the second cylinder, for compressing the preliminary element in the second chamber to provide a final compressed mixture formed into the solid fuel element occupying a second volume that is less than the first volume, the solid fuel element having the predetermined density, the ...

High-carbon biogenic reagents and uses thereof

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into high-carbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects. The structural objects may have a structure and/or strength that derive from the feedstock, heat rate, and additives.

PROCESS FOR BENEFICIATING AND CLEANING BIOMASS

A process for cleaning and beneficiating biomass is described which may allow removal of entrained salts and light volatiles from biomass materials. The process may also minimize energy use through capturing steam and flue gases for re-use. The process may generally comprise the following steps: prewashing and/or preheating a biomass, pressurizing the biomass in a steam explosion vessel, rapidly depressurizing the steam explosion vessel, releasing the steam from the steam explosion vessel entrained with fine lignin-enriched particles into a cyclone-type gas expansion vessel, routing the steam from the gas expansion vessel to the input hopper, subjecting the biomass to a second washing step, mechanically removing a portion of the water from the biomass, and evaporatively heating the biomass. 1. A process for producing a beneficiated solid biomass fuel , comprising:collecting raw biomass in an input hopper;prewashing the raw biomass in a prewash container to remove contaminants;preheating the raw biomass to weaken cells walls of the raw biomass and initiate breaking of hydrogen bonds, wet oxidation and acid hydrolysis of the biomass;pressurizing the prewashed and preheated biomass in a reaction vessel, wherein the reaction vessel comprises an inner perforated screen separating the biomass from the main body of the reaction vessel and with one or more perforated screen fingers disposed within the reaction vessel and positioned within the biomass to increase exposure of the biomass to steam;rapidly depressurizing the reaction vessel to disrupt a structure of the biomass and release biomass salts and light volatile organic compounds entrained within the biomass and produce steam containing at least partially lignin-enriched fine particles;releasing the steam and condensed steam from the reaction vessel entrained with fine lignin-enriched particles into a cyclone-type gas expansion and gas-release vessel configured to capture the entrained fine lignin-enriched particles ...

PROCESS FOR BENEFICIATING AND CLEANING BIOMASS TO FORM ENGINEERED SOIL

A process for cleaning and beneficiating biomass is described which may allow removal of entrained salts and light volatiles from biomass materials. The process may also minimize energy use through capturing steam and flue gases for re-use. The process may generally comprise the following steps: prewashing and/or preheating a biomass, pressurizing the biomass in a steam explosion vessel, rapidly depressurizing the steam explosion vessel, releasing the steam from the steam explosion vessel entrained with fine lignin-enriched particles into a cyclone-type gas expansion vessel, routing the steam from the gas expansion vessel to the input hopper, subjecting the biomass to a second washing step, mechanically removing a portion of the water from the biomass. After the biomass has been steam-exploded, it may be washed and used as an engineered soil. 1. A method for producing an engineered soil from raw biomass , the method comprising the steps of:placing the raw biomass into a reaction vessel; wherein the reaction vessel comprises a main body and an inner perforated screen separating the raw biomass from the main body, and wherein the reaction vessel comprises one or more perforated screen fingers disposed within the reaction vessel and positioned within the raw biomass to increase exposure of the preheated biomass to steam;pressurizing the raw biomass in the reaction vessel; andrapidly depressurizing the reaction vessel to disrupt a structure of the biomass.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of rapidly depressurizing the reaction vessel comprises rapidly depressurizing the reaction vessel to produce steam containing at least partially fine lignin-enriched particles.3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising the step of releasing the steam from the reaction vessel containing at least partially fine lignin-enriched particles into a cyclone-type gas expansion vessel configured to capture the entrained fine lignin-enriched particles from the steam.4. The method of ...

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING FLOW VOLUME OF COAL/KEROSENE SLURRY, AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING UPGRADED BROWN COAL

A method and apparatus that deterioration of the flow state of a coal/kerosene slurry while preventing the damage caused by overloading to thereby achieve excellent solid-liquid separation performance. In a solid-liquid separation supplying a dehydrated coal/kerosene slurry to a decanter-type centrifugal separator to separate the coal/kerosene slurry into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, an opening degree target value is determined on the basis of the difference between a target value and an actually measured value of a torque that acts on a screw conveyor of the decanter-type centrifugal separator, and the opening degree of a flow volume control valve, which is arranged in the middle of a supply line for supplying the coal/kerosene slurry into the decanter-type centrifugal separator, is adjusted to the opening degree target value. 1. A method for controlling the flow volume of coal/kerosene slurry wherein , in a solid-liquid separation process of supplying dehydrated coal/kerosene slurry to a decanter-type centrifugal separator and separating the coal/kerosene slurry into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction:an opening degree target value is decided on the basis of the difference between a target value and an actually measured value of a torque acting on a screw conveyer of the decanter-type centrifugal separator; andthe opening degree of a flow control valve, which is arranged in the middle of a supply line for supplying the coal/kerosene slurry into the decanter-type centrifugal separator, is adjusted to the opening degree target value.2. A method for controlling the flow volume of coal/kerosene slurry wherein , in a solid-liquid separation process of supplying dehydrated coal/kerosene slurry to a decanter-type centrifugal separator and separating the coal/kerosene slurry into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction:a target value of the electric current supplied to a motor to rotate and drive a screw conveyer of the decanter-type centrifugal separator is ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR BIOMASS GRINDING AND FEEDING

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven bio-refinery that may include a entrained-flow biomass feed system that is feedstock flexible via particle size control of the biomass. Some embodiments include a chemical reactor that receives concentrated solar thermal energy from an array of heliostats. The entrained-flow biomass feed system can use an entrainment carrier gas and supplies a variety of biomass sources fed as particles into the solar-driven chemical reactor. Biomass sources in a raw state or partially torrified state may be used, as long as parameters such as particle size of the biomass are controlled. Additionally, concentrated solar thermal energy can drive gasification of the particles. An on-site fuel synthesis reactor may receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction use the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products in a hydrocarbon fuel synthesis process to create a liquid hydrocarbon fuel. 124-. (canceled)25. A bio-refinery to generate fuel product with an entrained-flow biomass feed system , comprising:a boiler to produce steam and to supply steam to a steam input;a chemical reactor having the steam input and one or more reactor tubes, where in the chemical reactor biomass i) in particle form, ii) in non-particle form, or iii) both, is configured to be gasified in a presence of steam from the steam input and to generate at least hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction;the entrained-flow biomass feed system having two or more feed lines to supply the biomass into the chemical reactor, where a gas source for a pressurized entrainment carrier gas is coupled to the entrained-flow biomass feed system;a heat drying unit to apply heat to the biomass in order to provide dried biomass to enter the entrained-flow biomass feed system, in which the two or more feed lines to supply the biomass; anda fuel synthesis reactor of the bio-refinery that is geographically located on a same site as the ...

METHOD OF DRYING BIOMASS

A process for torrefaction of biomass is provided in which biomass are passed into a fluidized bed reactor and heated to a predetermined temperature in an oxidizing environment. The dried biomass is then fed to a cooler where the temperature of the product is reduced to approximately 100 degrees Fahrenheit. 1. A process for producing torrefied biomass , comprising:directing a feed stream of biomass to a fluidized bed reactor, wherein the fluidized bed reactor has an aspect ratio no greater than about 2;directing a gas to the fluidized bed reactor, wherein the gas comprises a reactive oxygen;heating the biomass in the fluidized bed reactor with a first heat source, which provides heat energy into the fluidized bed reactor, to a first temperature sufficient to evaporate water in the biomass and to convert a portion of the biomass to vaporized organic compounds, wherein a dry biomass is produced that contains less than about 10 wt. percent moisture; andheating the dry biomass with the first heat source and a second heat source associated with combustion of the vaporized organic compounds, wherein heat from the first heat source and the second heat source intermingle to provide heat energy to produce a torrefied biomass from the dry biomass.2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising adding air to the fluidized bed reactor to adjust an oxygen content of the first heat source and the second heat source within the fluidized bed reactor.3. The process of claim 1 , further comprising adding coal to the feed stream.4. The process of claim 1 , further comprising directing heated air to the fluidized bed reactor with a startup heater.5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first temperature does not initiate a torrefaction reaction.6. The process of claim 1 , wherein torrefied biomass is cooled in a mixer or a hollow flight screw cooler.7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the torrefied biomass is consolidated into pellets or briquettes before cooling.8. The process of claim ...

De-mineralized Kenyaf Up-grade Fueling System

본원발명은 케냐프 고품위 연료화 시스템은 연속반응장치(20); 상기 연속반응장치(20)에 약품을 공급하는 약품공급장치(10); 상기 연속반응장치(20)에서 배출되는 폐수를 처리하는 반응폐수 처리장치(30); 상기 연속반응장치(20)에서 배출되는 탈무기질 케냐프를 건조하는 건조기(40); 및 상기 건조기에서 배출되는 건조된 탈무기질 케냐프를 성형하는 연료성형기(50);를 포함하되, 상기 연속반응장치(20)는 임펠라 배치 간격이 일정하지 않는 스크류를 포함하는 탈무기질 케냐프 고품위 연료화 시스템에 관한 것으로서, 공정이 간단하고 경제적으로 케냐프 내 보일러 운전시 파울링, 크링커, 부식 등 악영향을 유발하는 성분을 화학적 방법으로 제거함과 동시에 탈수를 진행하는 연속반응 장치를 구비하여, 효율적이고 경제성을 극대화할 수 있는 이점을 제공한다. The present invention Kenyaf high-grade fuel conversion system is a continuous reactor 20; a chemical supplying device 10 for supplying a chemical to the continuous reaction device 20; a reaction wastewater treatment device 30 for treating wastewater discharged from the continuous reactor 20; a dryer 40 for drying the demineralized Kenyap discharged from the continuous reactor 20; and a fuel molding machine 50 for molding the dried mineral demineralized Kenyap discharged from the dryer; but, the continuous reaction device 20 converts inorganic demineralized Kenyan into high-quality fuel including a screw having a non-uniform impeller arrangement interval As a system, the process is simple and economical, and it is equipped with a continuous reaction device that removes components that cause adverse effects such as fouling, clinker, and corrosion by a chemical method during boiler operation in Kenyaf and at the same time proceeds dehydration, so that it is efficient and economical provides the advantage of maximizing

Method for producing anti-turbulent additive with high content of active base and method for supplying it into flow of hydrocarbon liquid transported in pipeline

FIELD: transportation of oil and oil products using pipelines.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the transportation of oil and oil products using pipelines. The invention relates to a method for producing a reagent for reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of a turbulent flow of liquid hydrocarbons in pipelines, characterized by a high (not less than 75 wt%) content of polyalphaolefin including mixing a finely dispersed polyalphaolefin powder having the properties of reducing the hydrodynamic resistance of a turbulent flow of liquid hydrocarbons of 0.1-1.5 mm with non-dissolving solvents consisting of a mixture of a monofunctional heteroatomic organic compound with the number of carbon atoms from 3 to 16, containing oxygen, nitrogen as a heteroatom and a bifunctional heteroatomic organic compound with the number of carbon atoms from 2 to 16, containing oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus as a heteroatom and a separating agent (antiagglomerator) with the following ratio of components in composition, wt%: finely dispersed polyalphaolefin powder - from 75 to 90, separating agent (antiagglomerator ) - from 2 to 15, monofunctional heteroatomic organic compound with the number of carbon atoms from 3 to 16 - from 1 to 10, bifunctional heteroatomic organic compound with the number of carbon atoms from 2 to 16 - from 1 to 10. The invention also relates to a method of supplying a reagent into a flow of a hydrocarbon liquid.EFFECT: invention enables making a product which is characterized by a high content of active substance which is stable and amenable to dosing into the pipeline of transported oil or gas condensate at high pressure. The invention reduces resistance of the flow of the pumped oil or gas condensate, the cost of the product, and the cost of transporting oil and gas condensate.4 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl, 8 ex РОССИЙСКАЯ ФЕДЕРАЦИЯ (19) RU (11) (13) 2 743 532 C1 (51) МПК C08F 2/00 (2006.01) F17D 1/16 (2006.01) C08L 91/06 (2006.01) C10L 1/16 (2006.01) ФЕДЕРАЛЬНАЯ СЛУЖБА ПО ...

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in continuous flow, comprises feeding biomass by conveyor to a reactor, in which biomass is dehydrated and carbonized, removing carbon slurry fed to outlet by filtering device used for solid separation

Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in a continuous flow, comprises feeding the biomass by a conveyor (3) to at least one reactor (5), in which the biomass is dehydrated and carbonized, removing the carbon slurry emerging through the carbonization from the reactor via at least one outlet, where the carbon slurry is fed to the outlet by a filtering device (8), which is designed for solid separation of larger particles of a defined particle size. An independent claim is also included for device for hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in continuous flow, comprising a reactor with an outlet for removal of the carbon slurry emerging through the carbonization and a filtering device.

METHOD FOR HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF BIOMASS, AND DEVICE THEREFOR

Method for the hydrothermal carbonisation of a biomass and associated device

The invention relates to a method for heating a biomass moving along an industrial treatment line comprising an inlet (1) for the incoming biomass, a heating means (4), and a treatment station (5). According to the invention, a fraction of the biomass heated by the heating means (4) is returned along a return branch (R) to a mixing station (2) upstream of the heating means (4) so as to form, together with the incoming biomass, a mixture having a temperature above the temperature of the incoming biomass, the heated biomass fraction being removed at an outlet (51) of the treatment station (5).

Method for the hydrothermal carbonisation of a biomass and associated device

The invention relates to a method for heating a biomass moving along an industrial treatment line comprising an inlet (1) for the incoming biomass, a heating means (4), and a treatment station (5). According to the invention, a fraction of the biomass heated by the heating means (4) is returned along a return branch (R) to a mixing station (2) upstream of the heating means (4) so as to form, together with the incoming biomass, a mixture having a temperature above the temperature of the incoming biomass, the heated biomass fraction being removed at an outlet (51) of the treatment station (5).

Method for the hydrothermal carbonisation of a biomass and associated device

Disclosed is a method for heating a biomass moving along an industrial treatment line including an inlet (1) for the incoming biomass, a heating unit (4), and a treatment station (5). A fraction of the biomass heated by the heating unit (4) is returned along a return branch (R) to a mixing station (2) upstream of the heating unit (4) so as to form, together with the incoming biomass, a mixture having a temperature above the temperature of the incoming biomass, the heated biomass fraction being removed at an outlet (51) of the treatment station (5).

Method for hydrothermal carbonisation of biomass, and related device

L'invention se rapporte à un procédé pour chauffer une biomasse en déplacement dans un trajet de traitement industriel comportant une entrée (1) pour la biomasse entrante, un moyen de chauffage (4) et un poste de traitement (5), une fraction de la biomasse chauffée par le moyen de chauffage (4) étant renvoyée par une branche de retour (R) jusqu'à un poste de mélange (2) en amont du moyen de chauffage (4) pour y constituer avec la biomasse entrante un mélange ayant une température supérieure à la température de la biomasse entrante, la fraction de biomasse chauffée étant prélevée à une sortie (51) du poste de traitement (5). The invention relates to a method for heating a moving biomass in an industrial treatment path comprising an inlet (1) for the incoming biomass, a heating means (4) and a treatment station (5), a fraction of the biomass heated by the heating means (4) being returned by a return branch (R) to a mixing station (2) upstream of the heating means (4) to form therewith the incoming biomass a mixture having a temperature above the temperature of the incoming biomass, the heated biomass fraction being taken at an outlet (51) of the treatment station (5).

Installation for drying brown coals with high humidity content

Изобретение м,б, использовано в химической промыпшенностио Цель изобретени  - снижение энергозатрат установки. Дл  этого узел предварительного подогрева содержит размещенные между вибротранспортером 2 и подогревателем 8 виброгрохот 3, вертикально наклоненный ленточный транспортер 5 и сепаратор 22 м гкого пара . Между транспортером и подогревателем , подогревателем и автоклавом 12, автоклавом и досушивателем 16 расположены шлюзовые камеры. Трубопроводы 23 отвода сточной воды из автоклава 12 и лини  сточной воды из подогревател  8 снабжены напорными клапанами. Подогреватель 8 внутри снабжен барабанным грохотом 9, Навесные сборники 18 снабжены патрубками 25 и 26 отвода COj и шлама. Втора  парова  лини  генератора пара соединена с подогревателем. Сушка угл  в автоклаве 12 осуществл етс  с помощью перегретого пара При таком способе образуетс  меньшее количество конденсата , благодар  чему уменьщаетс  объем подлежащих обработке сточных вод. 3 з.п« ф-лы, 1 ил. а (О Ф С The invention m, b, used in the chemical industry. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the energy consumption of the installation. For this, the preheating unit comprises a vibrating screen 3 placed between the vibrating conveyor 2 and the preheater 8, a vertically inclined conveyor belt 5 and a separator 22 soft steam. Between the conveyor and the heater, the heater and the autoclave 12, the autoclave and the dryer 16 are located sluice chambers. The pipelines 23 for removal of waste water from the autoclave 12 and the waste water line from the heater 8 are equipped with pressure valves. The heater 8 is internally equipped with a drum screen 9, Suspended collectors 18 are equipped with nozzles 25 and 26 for discharging COj and sludge. The second steam line of the steam generator is connected to the preheater. The coal is dried in an autoclave 12 by means of superheated steam. This method produces less condensate, thereby reducing the amount of wastewater to be treated. 3 z.p "f-ly, 1 ill. a (o f s ...

Systems and methods for quenching, gas clean up, and ash removal

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant are disclosed. An embodiment may include a solar thermal receiver aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more solar energy concentrating fields. A solar driven chemical reactor may include multiple reactor tubes located inside the solar thermal receiver. The multiple reactor tubes can be used to gasify particles of biomass in the presence of a carrier gas. The gasification reaction may produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas having an exit temperature from the tubes exceeding 1000 degrees C. An embodiment can include a quench zone immediately downstream of an exit of the chemical reactor. The quench zone may immediately quench via rapid cooling of at least the hydrogen and carbon monoxide reaction products within 0.1-10 seconds of exiting the chemical reactor to a temperature of 800 degrees C. or less.

Systems and methods for municipal solid waste recycling facility

A municipal solid waste recycling facility for producing a solid recovered fuel is provided. The municipal solid waste recycling facility includes a pre-shredding unit and a shredding unit. The pre-shredding unit includes a trommel configured to sort a first stream of solid waste by size into a second stream of solid waste and a third stream of solid waste. The shredding unit includes a primary shredder configured to shred the second stream of solid waste.

Digestate treatment system comprises separating device for separating digestate into liquid phase and solid phase, evaporator unit for separating the liquid phase into water, first phase manure and solid residues, and a briquetting device

Digestate treatment system (1), comprises a separating device (3) for separating a supplied digestate into a liquid phase and a solid phase, an evaporator unit for separating the liquid phase into water, a first phase manure and solid residues, preferably by supply of low-temperature thermal energy and a briquetting device for pressing the solid phase into the briquette shape. An independent claim is also included for processing digestate, comprising providing a digestate, separating the digestate into a liquid phase and a solid phase, separating the liquid phase into water, a first phase manure and solid residues by supplying low-temperature thermal energy, and pressing the solid phase into briquette shape.

Drying and carbonizing units of coffee grounds

본 발명은 커피를 제조하고 나오는 찌꺼기인 높은 함수율을 가진 커피 찌꺼기를 친환경적인 방법으로 자원화하는 것을 목적으로, 다량의 수분을 건조하고, 탄화를 동시에 진행하여 탄화물로 제품화하여 고형연료로 성형이 가능하도록 하는 전처리 장치로서, 커피 찌꺼기의 건조 및 탄화장치에 관한 것으로, 커피 제조후에 나오는 높은 함수율을 갖는 커피 찌꺼기의 건조 및 탄화장치에 있어서, 커피 찌꺼기를 공급하는 커피 찌꺼기 공급 호퍼(100)와, 상기 커피 찌꺼기 공급 호퍼(100)에서 공급되는 커피 찌꺼기를 건조 및 탄화시키는 커피 찌꺼기 건조 및 탄화부(200)와, 상기 커피 찌꺼기 건조 및 탄화부(200)에서 커피 찌꺼기를 건조되고 탄화시키면서 발생하는 탄화 가스를 배출하여 연소시키면서 방열하는 가스 열분해 연소 및 방열부(300)로 이루어지는 것을 특징으로 하는, 커피 찌꺼기의 건조 및 탄화장치에 관한 것이다.

Method for the continuous production of a combustible material for an industrial boiler, corresponding material and facility

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une matière combustible présentant un pouvoir calorifique inférieur supérieur ou égal à 5,29 MWh/t. Selon l'invention, un tel procédé comprend - introduction en continu d'un volume prédéterminé par minute de fragments de bois dans un réacteur sous pression; - exposition des fragments de bois à de la vapeur d'eau à une température comprise entre 200 et 220°C pendant une durée comprise entre 5 et 9mn, la valeur de ladite durée d'exposition et la valeur de la température de ladite vapeur d'eau étant sélectionnées de sorte que le facteur de sévérité soit compris entre 4,05 et 4,15; - extraction en continu dudit réacteur d'un même volume prédéterminé de fragments de bois par minute, au travers d'une pluralité d'orifices débouchant dans un conduit sensiblement à la pression atmosphérique; - séparation desdits fragments de bois décompressés et de la vapeur résiduelle extraite dudit réacteur, lesdits fragments de bois obtenus après séparation formant ladite matière combustible.

Environmentally friendly and high efficiency solid fuel production method using high-water-content organic waste, and combined heat and power system using same

本发明涉及环保高效的利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法，具体地涉及利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法，上述利用高含水有机废弃物制备固体燃料的方法包括：废弃物混合步骤(a)，将高含水有机废弃物和城市垃圾投入于Fe系的反应器并进行混合；水解步骤(b)，对上述反应器施加高温的蒸气，来加压上述有机废弃物和城市垃圾的混合物之后，通过在加压状态下进行搅拌，来使上述混合物水解；减压步骤(c)，排出上述反应器的内部的蒸气，来将反应器的内部快速减压并进行静置，从而将经过上述水解步骤(b)的有机废弃物低分子化，或者通过增大经过上述水解步骤(b)的城市垃圾的比表面积来使其破碎；真空或差压步骤(d)，对上述反应器施加真空或差压条件，来去除经过上述减压步骤(c)的反应物的水分；以及固体染料化步骤(e)，将经过上述真空或差压步骤(d)的反应物进行自然干燥及压缩成型，来制备水分含量为10～20％的固体燃料。

Wood pellet dust granulation system

One embodiment of the present invention provides a wood pellet dust granulation system which comprises an inlet part which receives a pellet raw material used for manufacturing wood pellets; a sucking part which is in connection with the inlet part through a pipe part and sucks the pellet raw material in the inlet part; a storage tank to which the pellet raw material sucked by the sucking part is transferred to be stored therein; a conditioner which receives the pellet raw material from the storage tank and adjusts a moisture content of the pellet raw material; a pellet mill which compression molds the pellet raw material whose moisture content is adjusted by the conditioner; and a discharging part which discharges the pellet raw material compression-molded by the pellet mill to the inlet part. According to the present invention, a moisture content of wood pellets can be adequately adjusted.

Heat treatment device for removing bad odor from sewage sludge solid fuel

The present invention relates to a heat treatment device for removing odor from sewage sludge solid fuel, which comprises: a body part including a solid fuel inlet on one side of an upper part thereof, a gas outlet on the other side of the upper part, and a solid fuel outlet for discharging the heat-treated solid fuel to the outside on one side of a lower part thereof, and having an internal space divided into a first space part, a second space part, and a third space part; a heat medium supply pipe including a first heat medium supply pipe, a second heat medium supply pipe, and a third heat medium supply pipe, which are stacked along a height direction inside the body part, disposed in a zigzag pattern along a width direction, extending along a length direction, and installed in the first space part, the second space part, and the third space part to form different temperatures so that the solid fuel injected into the body part through the solid fuel inlet is treated with heat to remove the odor; and a mesh conveyor which is stacked along the height direction of the body part and installed by extending along the length direction so that the solid fuel injected into the body part passes through the first space part, the second space part, and the third space part in order along a space between the heat medium supply pipes along the length direction of the body part, so as for the solid fuel to be seated. Heat is supplied to the solid fuel to evaporate internal and external moisture, and volatilize and remove odorous substances to suppress decay and odor which may occur during transport and storage of solid fuel. Therefore, the durability and storability of solid fuel can be improved and calorific value can be increased.

Pellet preparation system and preparation method using biomass

Heat treatment apparatus

Problem: To provide a heat treatment apparatus with which it is possible to improve the efficiency of heat treatment applied to a raw material to be treated and thereby to increase the throughput of heat treatment of the raw material being treated. Solution: This heat treatment apparatus comprises a first screw conveyor (12), a second screw conveyor (13), a first nozzle pipe (14), and a second nozzle pipe (15), wherein: when the first screw conveyor (12) turns clockwise, the first nozzle pipe (14) is disposed laterally leftward of the first screw conveyor (12); when the first screw conveyor (12) turns counterclockwise, the first nozzle pipe (14) is disposed laterally rightward of the first screw conveyor (12); when the second screw conveyor (13) turns clockwise, the second nozzle pipe (15) is disposed laterally leftward of the second screw conveyor (13); and when the second screw conveyor (13) turns counterclockwise, the second nozzle pipe (15) is disposed laterally rightward of the second screw conveyor (13).

Post torrefaction biomass pelletization

A process for torrefaction of biomass is provided in which biomass are passed into a fluidized bed or a non-fluidized bed reactor and heated to a predetermined temperature in an oxidizing environment. The dried biomass is then fed to a cooler where the temperature of the product is reduced to approximately 100 degrees Fahrenheit.

Systems and methods for biomass gasifier reactor and receiver configuration

A method, apparatus, and system for solar-driven chemical plant may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats. Additionally, some embodiments may include a solar driven chemical reactor that has multiple reactor tubes. The concentrated solar energy drives the endothermic gasification reaction of the particles of biomass flowing through the reactor tubes. Some embodiments may also include an on-site fuel synthesis reactor that is geographically located on the same site as the chemical reactor and integrated to receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction.

Coffee husk component containing pellet and method for making the same

The present invention relates to a pellet being used as fuel and, in particular, to a pellet containing a coffee husk component and a manufacturing method thereof. The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a pellet containing a coffee husk component comprising: a step for drying a first material composed of coffee husk powder being transferred to a first silo through a transfer pipe by using air pressure; a step for drying a second material composed of either chaff powder or sawdust powder being transferred to a second silo through the transfer pipe by using air pressure; a step for drying the first material stacked in the first silo while transferring the first material to a first mixing part through the transfer pipe by using air pressure; a step for drying the second material stacked in second silo while transferring the second material to the first mixing part through the transfer pipe by using air pressure; a first mixing step for mixing the first material and the second material transferred from the first silo and the second silo in the first mixing part by a scattering mixture method; a second mixing step for mixing and drying, in a second mixing part, the first material and the second material mixed in the first mixing part while transferring the first material and the second material with a screw; and a step for drying the first material and the second material mixed in the second mixing part while transferring the first material and the second material to a molding part through the transfer pipe by using air pressure. [Reference numerals] (S111) Prepare coffee husk powder;(S112) Prepare an additional material;(S121) Firstly transfer the coffee husk powder;(S122) Firstly transfer the additional material;(S131) Stack the coffee husk powder in a silo;(S132) Stack the additional material in a silo;(S141) Secondly transfer the coffee husk powder;(S142) Secondly transfer the additional material;(S150) First mixing;(S160) Second mixing;(S170) ...

Method and device for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass

The invention relates to a method for the hydrothermal carbonization of biomass in the passage, wherein biomass is supplied by a conveying device (3) to a preheating device (4) in which the biomass is heated, and wherein the heated biomass is supplied to at least one reactor (5) in which the biomass is dehydrated and carbonized, the carbon sludge resulting from the carbonization being removed from the reactor (5).

Forming device of system for manufacturing solid fuel

본 고안은 고체연료 제조시스템의 성형기에 관한 것으로, 폐기물을 이용하여고체연료를 생산하는 고체연료 제조시스템의 성형기(51)는, 통모양을 갖는성형관(53); 성형관(53)의 전방부 개구를 폐쇄하고, 몸체부에 성형관(53)의 길이방향으로 다수의 압출공(54)이 형성되어 있는 압출부(52); 및 성형관(53)의 내부에 길이방향으로 수용되고, 성형관(53)의 후방부로 유입되어 성형관(53)의 내부에 수용되는 폐기물을 압출부(52) 측으로 이송시켜 압출부(52)의 압출공(54)을 통해 폐기물을 배출함으로써 다수의 고체연료를 압출성형하는 이송용 스크루(57)를 포함하여, 고체연료를 다량으로 제조하여 제조생산성을 향상시키고 제조된 고체연료의 연소열효율을 향상시킬 수 있도록 한 것이다.

Process for beneficiating and cleaning biomass

A process for cleaning and beneficiating biomass is described which may allow removal of entrained salts and light volatiles from biomass materials. The process may also minimize energy use through capturing steam and flue gases for re-use. The process may generally comprise the following steps: prewashing and/or preheating a biomass, pressurizing the biomass in a steam explosion vessel, rapidly depressurizing the steam explosion vessel, releasing the steam from the steam explosion vessel entrained with fine lignin-enriched particles into a cyclone-type gas expansion vessel, routing the steam from the gas expansion vessel to the input hopper, subjecting the biomass to a second washing step, mechanically removing a portion of the water from the biomass, and evaporatively heating the biomass.

Systems and apparatus for production of high-carbon biogenic reagents

This invention provides processes and systems for converting biomass into highcarbon biogenic reagents that are suitable for a variety of commercial applications. Some embodiments employ pyrolysis in the presence of an inert gas to generate hot pyrolyzed solids, condensable vapors, and non-condensable gases, followed by separation of vapors and gases, and cooling of the hot pyrolyzed solids in the presence of the inert gas. Additives may be introduced during processing or combined with the reagent, or both. The biogenic reagent may include at least 70 wt %, 80 wt %, 90 wt %, 95 wt %, or more total carbon on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may have an energy content of at least 12,000 Btu/lb, 13,000 Btu/lb, 14,000 Btu/lb, or 14,500 Btu/lb on a dry basis. The biogenic reagent may be formed into fine powders, or structural objects.

Combustible article comprising lignin

It is disclosed a combustible article of manufacture comprising a treated lignin composition and a combustible support, wherein the treated lignin composition is attached to at least a portion of an external surface of the combustible support with a force greater than the force of gravity relative to the treated lignin composition. The treated lignin composition comprises solid lignin and has a moisture content in the range of 35% to 80% percent by weight. The combustible support is preferably a hardwood chip, but it may be also softwood chips, coal, coke, and shredded tires.It is also disclosed a fuel composition comprising a plurality of the combustible article.

Apparatus for fabricating refuse derived fuel (rdf) using combustible solid waste and thermosetting resin

PURPOSE: Provided is an apparatus for fabricating solid fuel using solid waste and thermosetting resin. CONSTITUTION: The apparatus comprises a hopper(10) for storing raw material (crushed combustible solid waste and thermosetting resin) of RDF, a rotating raw material supply device(11) coupled to the hopper(10) for transferring the raw material from the hopper(10) to a molding pipe(20), the molding pipe(20) coupled to the rotating raw material supply device(11), a plurality of heating bands(21) surrounding the molding pipe(20) for fusing the thermosetting resin which moves in the molding pipe(20), a motor(30) for generating rotating force, a driving force transmitting device(31) for transmitting the rotating force of the motor(30) to a screw axis(33), the screw axis(34) perpendicularly arranged to the driving force transmitting device(21), installed in the molding pipe(20) and linearly moving in horizontal direction while rotating itself, a pusher(32) for pushing the raw material in the molding pipe(20) toward an exit(40) by linearly moving backward and forward, and a fixing plate(41) installed at the exit(40).

Mobile Solid Fuel Production System

연료 생산 시스템은 제1 모듈식 유닛 및 제2 모듈식 유닛을 포함한다. 제1 모듈식 유닛은 제1 하우징, 프로세스 용기, 교반기 회전자 조립체, 제1 드라이브트레인, 압출 스크류, 제2 드라이브트레인, 제1 분리 용기, 및 제품 성형 시스템을 포함한다. 제2 모듈식 유닛은 제2 하우징, 열 유체 가열기 시스템, 응축기, 제2 분리 용기 및 진공 펌프를 포함한다. 제2 모듈식 유닛은 제1 모듈식 유닛에 결합되도록 구성된다. 프로세스 용기, 교반기 회전자 조립체, 제1 드라이브트레인, 압출 스크류, 제2 드라이브트레인, 제1 분리 용기, 및 제품 성형 시스템 각각의 적어도 일부는 제1 하우징 내에 수용된다. 열 유체 가열기 시스템, 응축기, 제2 분리 용기, 및 진공 펌프 각각의 적어도 일부는 제2 하우징 내에 수용된다.

Systems and methods for biomass grinding and feeding

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven biorefinery that may include a entrained-flow biomass feed system that is feedstock flexible via particle size control of the biomass. Some embodiments include a chemical reactor that receives concentrated solar thermal energy from an array of heliostats. The entrained-flow biomass feed system can use an entrainment carrier gas and supplies a variety of biomass sources fed as particles into the solar- driven chemical reactor. Biomass sources in a raw state or partially torrified state may be used, as long as parameters such as particle size of the biomass are controlled. Additionally, concentrated solar thermal energy can drive gasification of the particles. An on-site fuel synthesis reactor may receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction use the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products in a hydrocarbon fuel synthesis process to create a liquid hydrocarbon fuel.

Pre-treatment desulfurization system immersed on catalyst to reduce the sulfur content of coal

본 발명은 벨트 컨베이어에 의해 이송된 석탄을 전처리 장치로 공급하는 제1 슈트; 공급된 석탄을 탈황촉매와 물을 혼합한 촉매혼합액에 침지하여 석탄을 탈황시키는 전처리 장치; 상기 전처리 장치를 거친 촉매혼합액에 침지된 석탄을 액상과 촉매 처리 석탄으로 분리하는 메쉬(mesh) 컨베이어; 상기 촉매 처리 석탄을 이송하는 메쉬 컨베이어; 상기 이송된 촉매 처리 석탄을 보관하는 보관 탱크;를 포함하는 전처리 탈황 시스템을 제공한다. 또한, 본 발명에 따른 석탄의 탈황 시스템은 연료의 연소 후 배가스를 탈황하던 종래의 방법과는 달리, 석탄을 탈황촉매에 침지시켜 석탄 내부에 탈황촉매가 침지된 촉매 침지 석탄으로 전처리를 하고, 이를 연소시켜 탈황촉매가 석탄과 함께 연소함으로써 추가적인 탈황 시설의 투자 없이 기존의 연소용 시스템을 활용할 수 있어 단순하고 적용이 쉬우면서 탈황 효과가 우수한 이점이 있다.

Device for controlling a Torrefizierungsanlage for biomass

Vorrichtung zur Regelung einer Torrefizierungsanlage (4) für Biomasse, umfassend: • zumindest eine Messvorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen Messen eines Hilfparameters (HP) von der Biomasse und/oder des Rauch- und/oder Abgases, • eine Vorrichtung zum indirekten Ermitteln eines aktuellen Torrefizierungsgrades (TGa) der Biomasse (B1) aus dem Hilfsparameter (HP), • eine Vorrichtung zum Vergleichen des aktuellen Torrefizierungsgrades (TGa) der Biomasse mit einem vorbestimmten Sollwert des Torrefizierungsgrades (TGs), und • eine Regelungsvorrichtung (8) der Torrefizierungsanlage (4), sodass der aktuelle Torrefizierungsgrad (TGa) der Biomasse mit dem vorbestimmten Sollwert des Torrefizierungsgrades (TGs) übereinstimmt. A device for regulating a torrefaction system (4) for biomass, comprising: • at least one measuring device for continuously measuring an auxiliary parameter (HP) from the biomass and / or the smoke and / or exhaust gas, • a device for indirectly determining a current degree of torrefaction (TGa ) the biomass (B1) from the auxiliary parameter (HP), • a device for comparing the current degree of torrefaction (TGa) of the biomass with a predetermined target value of the degree of torrefaction (TGs), and • a control device (8) of the torrefaction system (4), so that the current degree of torrefaction (TGa) of the biomass corresponds to the predetermined target value for the degree of torrefaction (TGs).

Method for the production of protein and ethanol from ensiled legumes according to the Peas on Earth concept

Sammanfattning: En metod att utvinna protein och etanol fran ensilerade baljvaxter kraver en ekoreaktor som separerar en groda foretradesvis en baljvaxt i stdrkelse och socker, lignin och cellulosa samt protein. Processen inleds med att langa fibrer separeras mekaniskt fran proteiner och efter rening och mekanisk torkning fOrs ur processen. Efter detta separeras resterande material tillsammans med det utvunna proteinet av en transfervatska som bildas i processen. Det separerade materialet bestar a ena sidan av stdrkelse som skall hydrolyseras till socker och protein som skall avforas fran processen for kommersialisering. Den hydrolyserade fraktionen jases under rorelse i ettjastorn ddr den fermenterande vatskan matas in underifidn av en pump och sugs upp av undertrycket i den nastkommande destillatorn. Destillatorn fungerar med hjdlp av varme och undertryck som fdr den jasta vatskan att avge sin alkohol i gasform, med hjdlp av ovan tvâ faktorer kan destillationen goras mycket exakt. Efter forgasningen sammanpressas sedan gasen sâ att vdrmen stiger i gasen av komprimeringen, bortfors och anvands pd andra stallen i ekoreaktorn. Efter komprimering mot ett munstycke har gasen kallnat och kondenserats. Vatskan bestdende av ren alkohol samlas in i en tank av lamplig storlek och material. Ekoreaktorn är till stora delar foretradesvis tillverkad i plast. Summary: A method of extracting protein and ethanol from ensiled legumes requires an eco-reactor that separates a frog, preferably a legume in starch and sugar, lignin and cellulose, and protein. The process begins with long fibers being mechanically separated from proteins and after purification and mechanical drying removed from the process. After this, the remaining material is separated together with the recovered protein by a transfer liquid formed in the process. The separated material consists on the one hand of starch to be hydrolyzed to sugar and protein to be removed from the process of commercialization. The ...

Pelleting device

The invention relates to a pelleting device which is designed as a field-guided stalk-crop harvesting machine and, when connected to a tractor (1) with a chopper (2), comprises a diesel engine (7) that drives a current generator (13) and also an annular die press (9). The chopped stalk material passes into a dry chamber (5) and via a screw conveyor (8) into the annular die press (9). The annular die (17) of the annular die press is mounted in ring bearings (18) on a base (19), on which a pair of pivot levers (20) for a pan grinder roller (16) is also hinged. An electric drive motor (11) fed by the current generator (13) drives the screw conveyor (8) by a controller (12), and servomotors (23), which engage on the pivot levers (20), regulate the roller gap. The controller (12) is governed as a function of the injection requirement of the diesel engine (7) and/or the pressure applied by the press.

Indirect heat drying method for particulate matter, refined-coal production method, indirect heat drying device, and refined-coal production device

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an indirect heat drying method and a refined-coal production method, with which the stability of carrier-gas pressure balance can be improved when using indirect heat dryers to dry particulate matter. This indirect heat drying method for particulate matter uses two indirect heat dryers, and is provided with: a step (A) in which particulate matter is dried in a first indirect heat dryer; and a step (B) in which the particulate matter is further dried in a second indirect heat dryer to obtain dried particulate matter. The indirect heat drying method for particulate matter is characterized by being further provided with a step (C) in which first microparticles included in a carrier gas discharged from the first indirect heat dryer are recovered and mixed with the particulate matter supplied to step (B); and a step (D) in which second microparticles included in a carrier gas discharged from the second indirect heat dryer are recovered and mixed with the dried particulate matter obtained in step (B).

Apparatus for rapid mixing of media and method

The present invention relates to an apparatus, which can be part of a pre- treatment system in a plant for the production of fuels, e. g. bio-ethanol, derived from plant biomass, e. g. first generation crops, such as grain, sugarcane and corn or second generation crops such as lignocellulosic biomass. The invention relates to an apparatus for processing, such as fluffing and mixing, at least two media, such as a solid, e. g. biomass, and a fluid, e. g. steam, so as to rendering the first medium susceptible to efficient receiving of energy and/or mass which is provided by localized release of the second medium. Although the description of the present invention focuses on biomass, it is envisaged that the invention is generally applicable to control the mixing of at least two media by crossing their stream of while dispersing at least one of them.

Process for beneficiating and cleaning biomass

A process for cleaning and beneficiating biomass is described which may allow removal of entrained salts and light volatiles from biomass materials. The process may also minimize energy use through capturing steam and flue gases for re-use. The process may generally comprise the following steps: prewashing and/or preheating a biomass, pressurizing the biomass in a steam explosion vessel, rapidly depressurizing the steam explosion vessel, releasing the steam from the steam explosion vessel entrained with fine lignin-enriched particles into a cyclone-type gas expansion vessel, routing the steam from the gas expansion vessel to the input hopper, subjecting the biomass to a second washing step, mechanically removing a portion of the water from the biomass, and evaporatively heating the biomass.

Method and device for torrefying biomass

The invention relates to a system and a method for torrefying biomass. The device comprises a feeding device for feeding the biomass to the device, a hollow shaft having a conveying device for conveying the biomass to an upper section of the device, and torrefaction stages located outside the hollow shaft and suitable for allowing the biomass to sink from the upper section downwards. The device further comprises a flue gas supply line for supplying flue gas, so that the biomass is torrefied by the flue gas while being conveyed to the upper section of the device and/or while sinking through the torrefaction stages.

Systems and methods for biomass gasifier reactor and receiver configuration

A method, apparatus, and system for solar-driven chemical plant may include a solar thermal receiver to absorb concentrated solar energy from an array of heliostats. Additionally, some embodiments may include a solar driven chemical reactor that has multiple reactor tubes. The concentrated solar energy drives the endothermic gasification reaction of the particles of biomass flowing through the reactor tubes. Some embodiments may also include an on-site fuel synthesis reactor that is geographically located on the same site as the chemical reactor and integrated to receive the hydrogen and carbon monoxide products from the gasification reaction.

Improved process for the thermo-chemical treatment of biomass using controlled application of oxygen

The present invention relates to a process for thermo-chemical treatment of biomass, said process comprising the following steps: Step 1) supplying biomass;Step 2) heating said biomass obtained in step 1) to a predetermined temperature T h to obtain a heated biomass; and Step3) the thermo-chemically treatment of said heated biomass obtained in step 2) at a temperature T t between a minimal treatment temperature T tmin and a maximum treatment temperature T tmax wherein T h < T tmin by supplying a controlled flow of oxygen to said biomass during at least part of said treatment to obtain a thermo-chemically treated biomass; Step 4) optionally cooling said thermo-chemically treated biomass obtained in step 3) to a cooled temperature T c in order to obtain a solid fuel and to the solid fuel thus obtained.

Pellet preparation system and preparation method using biomass

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing biomass pellets using biomass that includes food waste, human and animal excrement, and waste wood. The method performs a separation process for removing scrap metals and plastic materials from raw waste before the raw waste undergoes a pellet formation process. The pellet formation process includes: preparing a biomass mixture composed of 10 wt% of inorganic waste particles, 30 wt% of organic waste particles, 50 wt% of coal and graphite, and 10 wt% of red clay; applying a deasphalted oil mixture to the mixture while the mixture is being extruded by an extruder; coating the extruded mixture with a coating agent composed of asphalt and coal; molding the extruded mixture to take a predetermined form; and cutting the molded mixture into pellets having a predetermined size.

Drying installation for lignite with a high water content

A drying plant for brown coals of high water content comprises, as seen in flow direction of the coal and one behind the other, a conveyor means (2) equipped with a means (3) for spraying hot waste water onto the coal, a wet sieve (4) equipped with a means (5) for supplying residual steam, a conveyor means (6) for conveying the sieved material to a pressure lock (7), a preheating means (8) equipped with a pressure lock (7) at the charging location and with connections for steam conduits (11), a further pressure lock (13) for discharging the coal from the preheating means (8) and for charging the coal into an autoclave (14) being adapted for being supplied with steam, preferably saturated steam, and having connected thereto waste water conduits (12), a sieve drum (15) arranged within the autoclave (14) and being equipped with a variable rotational drive means (16) and with conveyor elements, in particular screw conveyor elements, a further pressure lock (19) for discharging the steamed material into a subsequent drying means (20), a subsequent drying means (20) having a connection (22) for preheated gases such as steam, air or inert gases, and a means (23) for transporting away the dry coal.

Biomass apparatus and method with pre-treatment and reflux condenser

A method of drying a moisture-containing or water-laden biomass material is provided that includes the steps of sending the biomass material into an apparatus having a feeding device, a rotary biomass dryer, a reflux condenser, an aftercooler, and an exit mechanism. The biomass material may be pretreated, and then heated in order to separate the moisture-containing or water laden biomass material into steam and dry biomass material. The steam is removed as the steam and the dry biomass material passes through the reflux condenser, the dry biomass is cooled in the aftercooler stage, and the dry biomass material is collected after exiting the apparatus through the exit mechanism.

Systems and methods for biomass gasifier reactor and receiver configuration

太阳能驱动的化学装置的方法、设备和系统可以包括太阳热接收器，以从定日镜阵列吸收会聚的太阳能。此外，一些实施方式可以包括具有多个反应器管的太阳能驱动的化学反应器。会聚的太阳能驱动流经反应器管的生物质颗粒的吸热气化反应。一些实施方式也可以包括现场的燃料合成反应器，其在地理上位于与化学反应器相同的地点，并且结合在一起以从气化反应接收氢和一氧化碳产物。

Apparatus and method for forming gas hydrates

The present invention provides an apparatus for forming gas hydrates, the apparatus comprising: a chamber comprising a hydrate formation zone and a hydrate pelletization zone, the hydrate formation zone and the hydrate pelletization zone being separated by a high pressure valve; a gas inlet in fluid communication with the hydrate formation zone; a liquid inlet in fluid communication with the hydrate formation zone; a piston or an extruder movable through the hydrate formation zone and the hydrate pelletization zone and configured to transfer gas hydrates, formed in the hydrate formation zone, to the hydrate pelletization zone for forming gas hydrate pellets; and a hydrate outlet for collecting formed gas hydrates, wherein the hydrate outlet is connected to the hydrate pelletization zone. There is also provided a method of forming the gas hydrates.

Apparatus for forming fuels extracted from inflammable wastes

본 발명은 일반가정이나 산업장등에서 유출되어 모집된 각종 폐기물중 가연성물을 분리해내어 재활용 연료로 자원화하는 가연성 폐기물을 이용한 연료 성형장치를 제공함에 의해 달성되게 되는데, 이 연료 성형장치는 수집된 각종의 폐기물들을 파쇄단계를 거쳐 일정한 크기로 분쇄시키고, 이렇게 일정크기로 분쇄된 폐기물은 선별단계를 거치며 재활용이 가능한 금속과 비금속, 그리고 불연성물들을 각기 선별 제거해낸 후 가연성물만을 일련의 분쇄,건조와 소정의 화학처리 그리고, 압축 소성공정을 통해 가연성 폐기물을 이용한 연료를 제조하는 것으로서, 상기 일련의 처리공정을 거친 가연성물이 유입되는 호퍼를 선단에 가지며, 후단에는 성형다이스를 갖는 실린더와; 상기 실린더내에 그 축길이방향으로 설치되고 별도의 구동원에 의해 적당한 속도로 회전하는 중공형의 리드스크류와; 상기 실린더의 주벽 외향 전면적에 중첩적으로 설치되는 전기발열식의 가열부재; 및 상기 중공형의 리드스크류내에 별도의 가열기에 의해 가열된 열매체가 공급 및 회수관로를 통해 강제적으로 순환되도록 이룬 보조 가열부를 갖추어서 연료의 소성이 우수하고 제품성을 향상시키게 된다. The present invention is achieved by providing a fuel forming apparatus using a combustible waste that separates combustibles from various wastes collected and discharged from general homes or industrial sites and recycles them into recycled fuels. Wastes are crushed to a certain size through a crushing step, and the wastes crushed to a certain size are sorted out to remove recyclable metals, nonmetals, and non-combustibles, respectively. A fuel having combustible wastes subjected to a predetermined chemical treatment and a compression firing process, the cylinder having a hopper at its front end and a molding die at its rear end having a hopper into which combustible materials have passed through the series of processing steps; A hollow lead screw installed in the cylinder in the axial length direction and rotating at an appropriate speed by a separate driving source; An electric heating type heating member superimposed on the entire outer surface of the circumferential wall of the cylinder; And an auxiliary heating unit in which the heat medium heated by a separate heater in the hollow lead screw is forcedly circulated through the supply and recovery line, thereby improving the plasticity of the fuel and improving productability.

Apparatus for rapid mixing of media and method

Purine treatment method for the production of a product with a high calorific value

(EN) The invention relates to a method for the purification of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose obtained from purines, which can be burned in compliance with environmental standards as a substitute for wood. The method of the invention produces a novel bio-fuel.

Multistage thermolysis method for safe and efficient conversion of waste sources

Systems and methods for solar-thermal gasification of biomass

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant that may include a solar thermal receiver having a cavity with an inner wall, where the solar thermal receiver is aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more of 1) an array of heliostats, 2) solar concentrating dishes, and 3) any combination of the two. Some embodiments may include a solar-driven chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes located inside the cavity of solar thermal receiver, wherein a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat occurs in the multiple reactor tubes, and wherein particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a steam (H2O) carrier gas and methane (CH4) in a simultaneous steam reformation and steam biomass gasification reaction to produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using the solar thermal energy from the absorbed concentrated solar energy in the multiple reactor tubes.

Purine treatment method for the production of a product with a high calorific value

System to dry, condense and sterilize waste materials for reuse

A waste processing system to dry, condense and sterilize waste materials to a final product for reuse enhances efficiency while eliminating greenhouse gas emissions. The system includes a mixing chamber with blades to shred the waste materials, a pressurized chamber operably connected to the mixing chamber and including a heating ducting operated by a control system, the control system able to heat the waste materials received by the pressurized chamber from the mixing chamber to a temperature within a predetermined temperature range for a time period to eliminate moisture from the waste materials, and an auger housed within the pressurized chamber and operably connected to an auger motor. The auger extrudes the heated waste materials through an outlet in the pressurized chamber to form the final product for reuse.