УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ ЗОНД И УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВАЯ СИСТЕМА ТЕСТИРОВАНИЯ

Зонд (100) для ультразвуковой системы неразрушающего тестирования материала в процессе относительного движения тестируемого объекта и зонда в направлении тестирования содержит корпус (110), который задает продольное направление (L), совпадающее с направлением тестирования, и поперечное направление (Q), перпендикулярное к направлению тестирования. Зонд содержит также группу приемопередающих блоков (150-1, 150-2, 150-3). Каждый приемопередающий блок содержит передающий компонент (Т1, Т2, Т3) и соответствующий ему приемный компонент (R1, R2, R3) и задает эффективную ширину (РВ1, РВ2, РВ3) тестирования в поперечном направлении (Q) с обеспечением, в процессе относительного движения тестируемого объекта и зонда в направлении тестирования, возможности тестирования трека с шириной, равной эффективной ширине тестирования. Приемопередающие блоки образуют по меньшей мере два ряда (155-1, 155-2), расположенных в продольном направлении (L) друг за другом и имеющих протяженность в поперечном направлении ...

СПОСОБ ОПИСАНИЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ОБЪЕКТА, СОДЕРЖАЩЕГО ПО МЕНЬШЕЙ МЕРЕ ЛОКАЛЬНО ПЛОСКОСТЬ СИММЕТРИИ

Использование: для определения характеристик небольших объектов, имеющих поверхность, которая искривлена в плоскости сечения. Сущность изобретения заключается в том, что выполняют по меньшей мере одно наблюдение ультразвука, проходящего через объект, причем каждое наблюдение выполняют на оси, перпендикулярной плоскости симметрии, причем каждое наблюдение получают в результате излучения ультразвука, формируемого вдоль соответствующей одной из упомянутых осей и падающего на объект вдоль упомянутой оси под углом падения, отличным от нормального, причем ультразвук падает на объект таким образом, чтобы следовать по пути, который является симметричным относительно плоскости симметрии, причем время пролета ультразвуковой волны и/или положение оси, на которой выполняются излучение и наблюдение, анализируют для описания характеристик объекта. Технический результат: обеспечение возможности определять характеристики маленького объекта. 8 з.п. ф-лы, 10 ил.

АКУСТИКО-ЭМИССИОННЫЕ ДАТЧИКИ СО ВСТРОЕННЫМИ АКУСТИЧЕСКИМИ ГЕНЕРАТОРАМИ

Использование: для неразрушающего акустико-эмиссионного контроля. Сущность изобретения заключается в том, что устройство акустико-эмиссионного датчика со встроенным акустическим генератором, содержит акустический приемник; акустический генератор, расположенный рядом с акустическим приемником; корпус, акустический генератор и акустический приемник, расположенные в корпусе; закрепляющий состав в корпусе, чтобы по меньшей мере частично герметизировать акустический генератор и акустический приемник; и износостойкую пластину, находящуюся в акустической связи с акустическим приемником и с акустическим генератором, при этом износостойкая пластина выполнена с возможностью передачи акустической энергии во время испытания от акустического генератора к акустическому приемнику через конструкцию, с которой соединена износостойкая пластина, и при этом износостойкая пластина содержит первую акустическую изоляцию, чтобы препятствовать передаче акустической энергии от акустического генератора к акустическому ...

АКУСТИКО-ЭМИССИОННЫЕ ДАТЧИКИ СО ВСТРОЕННЫМИ АКУСТИЧЕСКИМИ ГЕНЕРАТОРАМИ

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ САМОРАСЦЕПА ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО СОСТАВА

... 1. Способ определения саморасцепа железнодорожного состава, содержащий этапы, на которых:выполняют распределенное акустическое считывание, по меньшей мере, для одного оптического волокна, развернутого вдоль железной дороги с тем, чтобы предоставлять множество продольных акустических считывающих частей вдоль железной дороги;анализируют акустический отклик от упомянутых акустических считывающих частей, чтобы определять сигнатуру, указывающую саморасцеп железнодорожного состава.2. Способ по п. 1, в котором упомянутое определение упомянутой сигнатуры содержит этап, на котором определяют первое акустическое событие, связанное с первой частью железнодорожного состава, и второе акустическое событие, связанное со второй другой частью железнодорожного состава, и определяют то, что разделение между первым акустическим событием и вторым акустическим событием находится за пределами порогового значения.3. Способ по п. 1 или 2, содержащий этап, на котором анализируют акустический отклик от акустических ...

A photoacoustic inspection device

Contaminant detection system

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF DE DETECTION ET DE CARACTERISATION D'UN ELEMENT REFLECTEUR DANS UN OBJET

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour déterminer un mode de détection pour un élément réflecteur d'ondes ultrasonores caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins les étapes suivantes : Pour chaque point P d'un volume donné Zr, déterminer une valeur de champ ultrasonore (I) pour N couples (i, j) d'émetteurs-récepteurs et pour un mode de détection m, calculer un nombre de réflexions de l'onde (II) (III) avec (IV) la normale formée par les directions « aller » (V) et « retour » (VI) de l'onde ultrasonore émise et réfléchie par l'élément réflecteur, calculer la valeur d'énergie (VII) pour chaque point P de la zone Zr, avec (VIII) et pour plusieurs modes m avec (IX) comparer les valeurs d'énergie (X)obtenues à une ou plusieurs valeurs seuils Es, sélectionner la ou les valeurs d'énergies qui vérifient la ou les conditions de valeur seuil, et déduire un mode à utiliser pour construire une représentation de l'élément réflecteur.

SYSTEMS, METHODS, AND MEDIA FOR DETECTING ABNORMALITIES IN EQUIPMENT THAT EMIT ULTRASONIC ENERGY INTO A SOLID MEDIUM DURING FAILURE

Systems, methods, and media for detecting abnormalities in equipment that emit ultrasonic energy into a solid medium during failure are provided. In some embodiments, devices for monitoring a piece of equipment are provided, the devices comprising: a piezo microphone having a signal output; a mechanical structure acoustically coupling the piezo microphone to the piece of equipment; a hardware processor configured to: receive intensity signals based on the signal output of the piezo microphone; perform a fast Fourier transform on the received intensity signals to produce a set of output band values for each of a plurality of frequency bands; average at least some of the output band values to produce an average value; and calculate a sum of at least some of the output band values; and a transceiver that transmits the sum to a remote device.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING A SUPPLY OF FOOD PRODUCTS

Systems and methods are provided for managing an inventor of food products. The system includes a processor in communication with a memory storage device. The processor is configured to create a database of conditions of a food product available for purchase at a location, monitor one or more of the conditions of the food product at the location over a first period of time, determine the optimal condition of the food product based on the condition of the food product when sold at the location during the first period of time, and determine a state of the food products to be purchased for a second period of time later than the first period of time based on the determined optimal condition of the food product.

ARTICULATED ROBOT FOR LASER ULTRASONIC INSPECTION

An ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (NDE) system operable to inspect target materials is provided. This ultrasonic NDE system includes an articu lated robot, an ultrasound inspection head, a processing module, and a contr ol module. The ultrasound inspection head couples to or mounts on the articu lated robot. The ultrasound inspection head is operable to deliver a generat ion laser beam, a detection laser beam, and collect phase modulated light sc attered by the target materials. The processing module processes the phase m odulated light and produces information about the internal structure of the target materials. The control module directs the articulated robot to positi on the ultrasound inspection head according to a predetermined scan plan. ...

ULTRASONIC INSPECTION OF COMPOSITE PARTS

One aspect of a process to inspect a composite component includes traversing multiple ultrasonic probe array portions on respective multiple component surfaces of the composite component. The multiple component surfaces are either separate from or at angles to each other. The process includes simultaneously passing an ultrasonic signal into the multiple component surfaces through the multiple ultrasonic probe array portions. The process also includes receiving a response to the ultrasonic signal through the multiple ultrasonic probe array portions.

ACOUSTIC MONITORING METHOD FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

A method of monitoring an additive manufacturing process in which a directed energy source is used to create a weld pool at an exposed build surface of a mass of powdered material, and selectively fuse the powdered material to form a workpiece, the method including measuring acoustic energy generated by the weld pool to generate a measured acoustic profile.

Method for evaluating silencer of charging pipeline in reverberation pool

Method for detecting concealed pipe based on low-frequency guided-wave detection technology

T-shaped pipe welding seam defect detection method, device, storage medium and processor

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IMAGING GUIDED ULTRASONIC WAVES USING MEMS MICROPHONE ARRAY

The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for imaging guided ultrasonic waves using a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microphone array. When processing guided ultrasound imaging, a guided ultrasonic wave image is generated in real time by applying and exciting a predetermined waveform signal by a target structure; sensing guided ultrasonic waves generated in the target structure in a plurality of channels through the MEMS microphone array; and processing predetermined imaging based on the wave field of the sensed guided ultrasonic waves. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017 (110) Signal generator (130) Amplifier (140) Digitizer (150) Image processing unit ...

Sistema y método de detección ultrasónico.

LA INVENCIÓN SE REFIERE A UN SISTEMA ULTRASÓNICO DE DETECCIÓN (140) EN UNA DISPOSICIÓN (100) PARA MANIPULAR EL MATERIAL DE CRIBADO (102), POR EJEMPLO, AGREGADOS, MINERALES O SIMILARES. EL SISTEMA ULTRASÓNICO DE DETECCIÓN (140) COMPRENDE UN TRANSMISOR ULTRASÓNICO (151A) DISPUESTO EN UNA SUPERFICIE (142A) DE LA DISPOSICIÓN (100), Y ADAPTADO PARA ENVIAR UNA SEÑAL ULTRASÓNICA (154A) HACIA LA SUPERFICIE (142A), UN RECEPTOR ULTRASÓNICO (152A) DISPUESTO EN LA SUPERFICIE (142A), Y ADAPTADO PARA RECIBIR LA SEÑAL ULTRASÓNICA (154A), Y UNA UNIDAD DE CONTROL (160) CONECTADA CON EL AL MENOS UN TRANSMISOR ULTRASÓNICO (151A) Y EL AL MENOS UN RECEPTOR ULTRASÓNICO (152A). LA INVENCIÓN SE REFIERE ADEMÁS A UN MÉTODO PARA MONITOREAR UNA OPERACIÓN DE UNA DISPOSICIÓN (100) PARA MANIPULAR MATERIAL DE CRIBADO (102).

INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD, INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS, AND PROGRAM

A learning procedure involves generating a non-defective product learning model by conducting machine learning using non-defective product data as teacher data, and generating a defective product learning model for each defect type by conducting machine learning for each defect type using defective product data as teacher data. A calculating procedure involves calculating the likelihood of a non-defective product from output data calculated using the non-defective product learning model to which target product data is input, and calculating the likelihood of a defective product for each defect type from output data calculated using the defective product learning model to which the target product data is input. A determining procedure involves determining that the target product data is data on a defective product having an unknown defect when the likelihood of a non-defective product and the likelihood of a defective product for each defect type satisfy a predetermined requirement.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MONITORING PRELOAD IN BALL SCREW

A system for the monitoring a preload in a ball screw includes a ball screw, a detecting device, a capturing device and a processing device. The ball screw has a preload. The detecting device detects an operating signal of the ball screw. The operating signal contains information about the ball screw's rotating speed and status. The status refers to a vibration or a sound generated by the operating ball screw. The capturing device is connected to the detecting device and acquires the operating signal. The processing device is connected to the capturing device, and has a threshold. The processing device processes and converts the operating signal into a ball-passing signal. When the ball-passing signal surpasses the threshold, the processing device determines that the ball screw's preload has vanished. Thereby, the system is enabled to determine the current state of the ball screw's preload reliably.

Способ ультразвукового исследования твёрдых материалов и устройство для его осуществления

Использование: для неразрушающего контроля твердых материалов. Сущность изобретения заключается в том, что для осуществления предлагаемых способа и устройства оптико-акустическому преобразователю и решетке пьезоэлементов придают тороидальную форму, которая сфокусирована таким образом, что ее центр кривизны, определяемый величиной радиусов кривизны и угловых апертур в плоскостях XY, совпадает с началом координат, используемых при позиционировании исследуемого объекта, при этом исследуемый объект помещают в иммерсионную среду и располагают так, что излучаемый акустический сигнал фокусируется не на его поверхности, а на некоторой глубине внутри него. Данная часть волнового поля является рабочей зоной анализа акустического сигнала, а ее размеры определяются расстоянием между двумя фокусами Гаусовых пучков, соответствующих волнам в плоскостях XY. Технический результат: повышение точности системы визуализации, работающей в режиме реального времени, а также обеспечение возможности создания устройства ...

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen einer Dämpfung in einem Werkstück

Verfahren zum Messen einer Dämpfung eines Werkstücks (20), umfassend:Erregen des Werkstücks (20) an einer Stelle mit einem ersten einzelnen physischen Anschlagen des Werkstücks (20) durch Kontaktaufnahme des Werkstücks (20) mit einer Erregungseinrichtung (30);Messen einer ersten dynamischen Antwort des Werkstücks (20) mit einer Antwortmesseinrichtung (10, 15), wobei die Antwortmesseinrichtung (10, 15) die erste dynamische Bewegungsantwort des Werkstücks (20) an allen Stellen des Werkstücks (20) erfasst, die auf Daten beruhen, die von dem ersten einzelnen physischen Anschlagen des Werkstücks (20) gewonnen werden, um Knoten und/oder Bäuche des Werkstücks (20) bei ausgewählten Frequenzen zu ermitteln;Ermitteln zumindest einer geeigneten Stelle, die auf Daten beruhen, die von dem ersten einzelnen physischen Anschlagen des Werkstücks (20) durch Kontaktaufnahme des Werkstücks (20) mit der Erregungseinrichtung (30) gewonnen werden, um eine Dämpfung an dem Werkstück (20) zu messen;Erregen des Werkstücks ...

Landwirtschaftliche Erfassungsvorrichtung und Erfassungsverfahren zur Erfassung von landwirtschaftlichen Objekten

Multi-frequency wireless sensor

A multi-frequency wireless sensor 300 for non-destructive testing of a test object, the sensor comprising: an ultrasound transducer 302 having a plurality of operating frequencies; a first induction coil 304 electrically coupled to the ultrasound transducer; a second induction coil 306; and a capacitance 308, connected in parallel with the second induction coil 306, such that the wireless sensor can operate at a first operating frequency or a second operating frequency when the sensor is excited by a remote device. The first and second induction coils may be connected in series. Another aspect relates to a multi-frequency wireless excitation device for exciting a multi-frequency wireless sensor. The device comprises a first induction coil 1002 electrically coupled to a first capacitance 1006 and a second induction coil 1004 connected in parallel with the second capacitance 1008, such that the excitation device can generate an induction signal at a first operating frequency or a second operating ...

Methods and apparatus for coiled tubing inspection by ultrasound

Method and assembly for inspecting a partially cured repair patch prior to installation

METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR INSPECTING A PARTIALLY CURED REPAIR PATCH PRIOR TO INSTALLATION A method and assembly (20) are provided in order to inspect a partially cured repair patch (12) prior to installation. For example, an assembly (20) for inspecting a repair patch 12) is provided that includes a partially cured repair patch (12) comprised of a composite material. The assembly (20) also includes an acoustic facilitation layer (22) disposed proximate of the surface of the repair patch (12) through which ultrasonic signals will be introduced. The assembly further includes a vacuum bag (24) surrounding the repair patch (12) and the acoustic facilitation layer (22). The acoustic facilitation layer (22) has an acoustic impedance that is closer to the respective acoustic impedances of the repair patch (12) and the vacuum bag (24) than the acoustic impedance of air is to the respective acoustic impedances of the repair patch (12) and the vacuum bag (24). i) ...

Acoustic line tracing system and method for fluid transfer system

An acoustic line tracing system for tracing a fluid transfer system tubing line includes an acoustic receiver (22) operably connectable to the tubing line and configured to receive the vibratory signal. The acoustic receiver (22) includes a vibration sensor (24) disposed to contact the tubing line and configured for detecting vibration of the surface of the tubing line caused by the vibratory signal, and an indicator (26) producing at least one of an audio and a visual cue when the vibration sensor detects the vibratory signal.

Acoustic line tracing system and method for fluid transfer system

An acoustic line tracing system for tracing a fluid transfer system tubing line includes an acoustic receiver (22) operably connectable to the tubing line and configured to receive the vibratory signal. The acoustic receiver (22) includes a vibration sensor (24) disposed to contact the tubing line and configured for detecting vibration of the surface of the tubing line caused by the vibratory signal, and an indicator (26) producing at least one of an audio and a visual cue when the vibration sensor detects the vibratory signal.

Detecting train separation

This application describes method and apparatus for detecting train separation, where one or more railway cars/carriages (401)accidentally decouple from the rest of the train. The method involves performing distributed acoustic sensing on at least one optical fibre (104a, 104b) to provide a plurality of longitudinal acoustic sensor portions along the railway (201). The acoustic response is analysed to detect a signature indicative of a train separation. This may involve detecting acoustic events (302, 303) associated with different parts of the train and detecting when the separation between the two events exceeds a threshold amount. The method may identify the front of the train and the rear of the train and detect when the distance between the front and rear changes by more than a threshold amount and/or sounds associated with wheelsets passing track features (402) may be used to determine the intervals(T ...

STEAM/HOT WATER DEVICE MONITORING

Systems and methods for testing steam traps or other similar devices in a hot water or steam system are described. A tester includes a wand that is handheld that can communicate with a handheld electronic device which in turn can communicate with a central monitor for storing and compiling readings as historical profile data. The wand includes a probe to physically contact the device to acoustically sense the performance of the device. The probe includes a probe tip and a stack of acoustic elements, an electrode, a stack mass, and a head to covert the acoustic signal into an electrical signal. The handheld device includes circuitry to process the information, interact with the user, and transmit information to and from the handheld electronic device and/or the central monitor.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PREVENTION OF AND/OR OF DETECTING CRACKS BECAUSE OF INTERNAL STRESS IN PART IN ITS HARDENING OR STRAIGHTENING

Lamb wave coaxial co-directional hybrid frequency detection method for early damage of thin plate

Automobile welding quality detection method and detection device

Scanning acoustic microscope hydrodynamic adsorption rapid positioning and detection system

Method of detecting joint seam quality of wall boards through impact echo

On-line detection device for laser cladding process cracks

Material analysis method and device based on texture surface contact acceleration haptic information

AGRICULTURAL DETECTION DEVICE AND A DETECTION METHOD FOR SENSING AGRICULTURAL OBJECTS

Agricultural detection device, having a sensor unit, an evaluation unit and a control unit. The sensor unit includes a first sensor with a first directivity and is configured to emit a first transmission signal and to receive a first reflection signal. The first sensor has a second directivity and emits a second sensor signal with the second directivity and receives a second reflection signal, or the sensor unit has a second sensor with a second directivity arranged adjacent to the first sensor for emitting the second transmission signal and for receiving the second reflection signal. The evaluation unit is configured to ascertain at least the structure of plants and a height value from the first reflection signal and the second reflection signal.

System for sensing and locating delamination

A system to monitor a composite system component may include a plurality of sensors mounted proximate to the composite system component. A signal processing unit may receive, from each of the plurality of sensors, a series of sensed values associated with the composite system component and determine a kurtosis value for each series of sensed values. A threshold exceedance detector may detect if at least one of the kurtosis values exceeds a pre-determined threshold value. A delamination location estimation unit may calculate an estimated location of a composite system component delamination alert signal based on calculated time difference delay values of detected signal impulses in the series of sensed values using at least four of the plurality of sensors. A delamination alert output may then transmit a composite system component delamination alert signal, along with the estimated location, when at least one of the kurtosis values exceeds the pre-determined threshold.

DETERMINATION OF RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITY

Methods for determining reservoir characteristics of a well can include receiving a first core from the well; performing an experiment to determine the wave velocity associated with a first direction of the first core, the experiment including: transmitting an ultrasonic wave through the first core in the first direction; receiving the transmitted ultrasonic wave; and determining a directional wave velocity of the first core based on the transmitted ultrasonic wave and the received transmitted ultrasonic wave, wherein the directional wave velocity represents a wave velocity along the first direction; rotating the first core about a longitudinal axis of the first core; and performing the experiment along a second direction of the first core.

Dynamic adjustment of phased array parameters for ultrasonic inspection

A method of ultrasonic inspection includes generating, by a phased array ultrasonic probe, a first ultrasonic beam propagating in a fluid and incident at a first angle to a target surface in response to receipt of first instructions. Ultrasonic echoes from first beam reflection by the target are measured and corresponding ultrasonic measurement signals are output. At least one environmental sensor measures at least one fluid property and outputs corresponding environmental signals. One or more processors determine a current speed of sound within the fluid from the ultrasonic measurement signals and environmental signals. Second instructions including a second angle are generated by the processors, based on the current speed of sound, when the current speed of sound differs from a predetermined speed of sound by more than a speed threshold. The ultrasonic probe generates a second ultrasonic beam at the second angle in response to receipt of the second instructions.

DEVICE FOR INSPECTING INSIDE

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately deduce the internal state of a target to be inspected, without requiring much skill. SOLUTION: The inspection target X is struck by the hammer part 21 provided to vibration-producing source 2 to make vibration transmit to the inside of the inspection target X. This vibration is detected by a sensor part 11 and inputted to a feature quantity extraction part 13 via a signal input part 12, and the frequency component of the vibration is extracted as feature quantity. This feature quantity is inputted to a decision part 10, and the category of the feature quantity is classified by the competitive learning type neural network 10a, provided to the determining part 10. Membership degrees are made to associate with the distance of the weight vector of the neuron of the output layer, in the competitive learning type neutral network 10a with the feature quantity. By making the competitive learning type neutral network 10a learn on the basis of the feature quantity ...

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ НЕРАЗРУШАЮЩЕГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МАТЕРИАЛА

Использование: для неразрушающего определения характеристик материала. Сущность изобретения заключается в том, что устройство содержит излучающие/принимающие ячейки, причем каждая ячейка выполнена с возможностью излучения ультразвуковых волн в направлении материала, характеристики которого должны быть определены в режиме излучения и приема ультразвуковых волн, прошедших через указанный материал, причем устройство для неразрушающего определения характеристик содержит кольцо, состоящее из множества смежных угловых секторов, причем каждый угловой сектор содержит ультразвуковые ячейки, уложенные в радиальном направлении (DR) кольца. Технический результат: обеспечение возможности создания надежного и точного ультразвукового устройства для неразрушающего определения характеристик материала. 2 н. и 7 з.п. ф-лы, 15 ил.

ЛАЗЕРНОЕ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЕ СКАНИРОВАНИЕ ДЛЯ ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИИ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЙ ИЛИ НЕРОВНОСТЕЙ

СПОСОБ МНОГОПОЗИЦИОННОГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ УТЕЧЕК В ТРУБОПРОВОДЕ НА ОСНОВЕ УЛУЧШЕННОЙ ВМД

Настоящее изобретение относится к способу многопозиционного определения положения утечек на основе улучшенной вариационной модовой декомпозиции (ВМД), включающему следующие этапы, на которых: собирают исходный сигнал об утечке в трубопроводе; выполняют декомпозицию локального среднего по множеству (ДЛСМ) на исходном сигнале об утечке с получением нескольких компонентов функции-произведения (ФП); вычисляют коэффициент корреляции каждого компонента ФП, выбирают необходимый компонент ФП согласно коэффициенту корреляции, выполняют восстановление сигнала согласно выбранному компоненту ФП и определяют значения k ВМД; выполняют ВМД на восстановленном сигнале с получением нескольких компонентов внутренней модовой функции (ВМФ), вычисляют значение многомасштабной энтропии (ММЭ) каждого компонента ВМФ и выбирают компонент ВМФ согласно значению ММЭ каждого компонента ВМФ; и выполняют восстановление сигнала на выбранном компоненте ВМФ и завершают определение положения утечки в трубопроводе путем выполнения ...

Sluice gate testing apparatus and testing method based on phased array ultrasonic flaw detector

Disclosed in the present invention are a sluice gate testing apparatus and a testing method based on a phased array ultrasonic flaw detector. The testing apparatus comprises a testing mechanism, the testing mechanism comprising a support frame. A guide wheel and two drive wheels are provided on the bottom of the support frame, the drive wheels being driven by means of a first electric motor, and a controller and a phased array ultrasonic flaw detector are provided on the support frame. During the testing process, a second electric motor drives a rotating platform to rotate, driving a rotating arm to rotate in an upper region of a fan-shaped through hole; simultaneously, a third electric motor drives a leadscrew to rotate, driving a sliding block and an ultrasonic phased array matrix probe to move along the leadscrew in the length direction; that is, while the ultrasonic phased array matrix probe moves in the width direction of a sluice gate, the probe also sweeps at a certain angle, and ...

An ultrasonic testing and marking device for housing acceptance

Articulated robot for laser ultrasonic inspection

An ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation (NDE) system operable to inspect target materials is provided. This ultrasonic NDE system includes an articulated robot, an ultrasound inspection head, a processing module, and a control module. The ultrasound inspection head couples to or mounts on the articulated robot. The ultrasound inspection head is operable to deliver a generation laser beam, a detection laser beam, and collect phase modulated light scattered by the target materials. The processing module processes the phase modulated light and produces information about the internal structure of the target materials. The control module directs the articulated robot to position the ultrasound inspection head according to a predetermined scan plan.

Method and assembly for inspecting a partially cured repair patch prior to installation

METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR INSPECTING A PARTIALLY CURED REPAIR PATCH PRIOR TO INSTALLATION A method and assembly (20) are provided in order to inspect a partially cured repair patch (12) prior to installation. For example, an assembly (20) for inspecting a repair patch 12) is provided that includes a partially cured repair patch (12) comprised of a composite material. The assembly (20) also includes an acoustic facilitation layer (22) disposed proximate of the surface of the repair patch (12) through which ultrasonic signals will be introduced. The assembly further includes a vacuum bag (24) surrounding the repair patch (12) and the acoustic facilitation layer (22). The acoustic facilitation layer (22) has an acoustic impedance that is closer to the respective acoustic impedances of the repair patch (12) and the vacuum bag (24) than the acoustic impedance of air is to the respective acoustic impedances of the repair patch (12) and the vacuum bag (24). Ki L..

AGRICULTURAL DETECTION DEVICE AND A DETECTION METHOD FOR SENSING AGRICULTURAL OBJECTS

Agricultural detection device, comprising a sensor unit, an evaluation unit and a control unit, wherein the sensor unit comprises a first sensor with a first directivity and the first sensor is configured to emit a first transmission signal and to receive a first reflection signal, wherein in a first embodiment, the first sensor has a second directivity and emits a second sensor signal with the second directivity and receives a second reflection signal, or in a second embodiment, the sensor unit comprises a second sensor with a second directivity arranged adjacent to the first sensor for emitting the second transmission signal and for receiving the second reflection signal, wherein the first directivity is smaller in width than the second directivity and the control unit is set up to switch between the first directivity and the second directivity and the evaluation unit is configured to ascertain at least the structure of plants and a height value from the first reflection signal and the ...

METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR THE DETECTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF PARTICLES

Provided herein is a method to detect, characterize and classify a particle comprising: controlling a light source and an ultrasound transducer to irradiate the particle with light and an ultrasound pulse; determining a feature associated with the particle by processing ultrasound data resulting from the particle being irradiated; and comparing the feature to a reference to determine at least one property of the particle. According to some non-limiting implementations, the feature comprises a power spectrum of the particle. According to some non-limiting implementations, the ultrasound data is processed to determine characteristics in a range of about 100 MHz to about 1000 MHz of the power spectrum. According to some non-limiting implementations, the ultrasound pulse is in a range of about 100 MHz to about 1000 MHz. A computing device to detect, characterize and classify a particle is also provided.

VIBRATION ANALYSIS FOR BLASTING

A process for vibration analysis, including the steps of: receiving synchronized motion measurements of particle motion in two or three orthogonal dimensions over a selected period of time at a plurality of different measurement locations; and determining one or more strain waveforms in the orthogonal dimensions in regions spanning the plurality of measurement locations using the motion measurements.

ULTRASONIC METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DETECTING AND IDENTIFYING CONTAMINATION SUCH AS ICE ON THE SURFACE OF A STRUCTURE

... 14 A method and an apparatus for detecting and identifying a contaminant, such as ice, on the surface of a structure, such as a wing, are disclosed. The apparatus has a probe having a delay block with an interface apt to be placed flush with the surface of the structure and two faces at the same angle of inclination relative to the interface and having transmission and reception transducers each oriented perpendicularly to one of the faces. The block has an acoustic impedance lying in the range of 0.7 to 3 x 106 kg/m2.s. It further has an energization and analysis unit for applying an electrical energization pulse to the transmission transducer and comparing the amplitude and the phase of the echo from the interface with a reference echo corresponding to no contamination.

Method for detecting crane telescopic boom with special-shaped cross-section structure of crane on basis of waveform inversion

Seismic physical model fiber laser ultrasonic imaging system

Online monitoring and real-time health diagnosis method for pressure container damage and equipment

Object information acquiring apparatus and laser apparatus

Distributed wireless active and passive acoustic fusion detection method for storage tank bottom plate

Device and method for detecting continuity of heat insulation board of wall

METHOD OF CHARACTERIZING AN OBJECT HAVING AT LEAST LOCALLY A PLANE OF SYMMETRY

병렬 처리 기반의 비파괴 검사를 위한 장치 및 이를 위한 방법

... 본 발명은 복수의 프로브 기반의 비파괴 검사를 위한 장치 및 방법에 관한 것으로, 이러한 본 발명은 검사 대상을 복수의 영역으로 구분하고, 복수의 초음파 프로브를 이용하여 구분된 복수의 영역에 각각에 대해 복수의 초음파 신호를 방사하여 방사된 복수의 초음파 신호 대한 복수의 에코 신호를 수신하는 신호검출부와, 수평 및 수직 동기를 이용하여 상기 수신된 복수의 에코 신호를 결합하여 복수의 영역 각각에 대한 구분 영역 초음파 영상을 생성하고, 생성된 구분 영역 초음파 영상을 연결하여 하나의 2차원의 초음파 영상을 구성하는 영상구성부를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 비파괴 검사를 위한 장치와, 이에 따른 방법을 제공한다.

Method and apparatus for acoustic plate mode liquid-solid phase transition detection

A method and apparatus for sensing a liquid-solid phase transition event is provided which comprises an acoustic plate mode detecting element placed in contact with a liquid or solid material which generates a high-frequency acoustic wave that is attenuated to an extent based on the physical state of the material is contact with the detecting element. The attenuation caused by the material in contact with the acoustic plate mode detecting element is used to determine the physical state of the material being detected. The method and device are particularly suited for detecting conditions such as the icing and deicing of wings of an aircraft. In another aspect of the present invention, a method is provided wherein the adhesion of a solid material to the detecting element can be measured using the apparatus of the invention.

ACOUSTIC LINE TRACING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FLUID TRANSFER SYSTEM

An acoustic line tracing system for tracing a fluid transfer system tubing line includes an acoustic receiver operably connectable to the tubing line and configured to receive the vibratory signal. The acoustic receiver includes a vibration sensor disposed to contact the tubing line and configured for detecting vibration of the surface of the tubing line caused by the vibratory signal, and an indicator producing at least one of an audio and a visual cue when the vibration sensor detects the vibratory signal.

Method for detecting deterioration defect of structural part

A method for detecting deterioration of a structural part includes: detecting a waveform of time domain of the structural part by a sensor disposed on the structural part; performing a conversion of time domain to frequency domain for the waveform of time domain by a processor electrically connected to the sensor so as to obtain an actual modal parameter of each of a plurality of modals related to a waveform of frequency domain of the structural part; comparing the actual modal parameter of each of the plurality of modals to modal parameter information stored in a database to determine whether a deterioration defect exists in the structural part; and determining a degree and a position of the deterioration defect when the deterioration defect exists in the structural part.

MAPPING DENSITY AND TEMPERATURE OF A CHIP, IN SITU

A method and system to map density and temperature of a chip, in situ, is disclosed. The method includes measuring a propagation time that a mechanical propagation wave travels along at least one predefined path in a substrate. The method further includes calculating an average substrate density and temperature along the at least one predefined path as a function of the propagation time and distance. The method further includes determining a defect or unauthorized modification in the substrate based on the average substrate density being different than a baseline substrate density. 1. A chip comprising:at least one transmitter and at least one receiver, the at least one transmitter generating a mechanical wave which is received by the at least one receiver; anda timing circuit in communication with the at least one transmitter and the at least one receiver, which measures a time in which the mechanical wave travels between the at least one transmitter and the at least one receiver.2. The chip of claim 1 , wherein the timing circuit is synchronized with the at least one transmitter.3. The chip of claim 1 , wherein the timing circuit triggers the at least one transmitter.4. The chip of claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmitter triggers the timing circuit.5. The chip of claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmitter and the at least one receiver are positioned remotely from an active region of a chip.6. The chip of claim 1 , wherein the least one transmitter and the at least one receiver comprises multiple transmitters and multiple receivers positioned at a periphery of a chip.7. The chip of claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmitter and the at least one receiver are Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices.8. The chip of claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmitter and the at least one receiver are bulk acoustic wave (BAW) devices.9. The chip of claim 1 , wherein the at least one transmitter and the at least one receiver are ...

IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION METHOD BASED ON A TRAINED NON-LINEAR MAPPING

The present invention concerns an array processing image reconstruction method comprising: receiving a set of echo waveforms as measurements from the object of interest; defining a measurement model linking an unknown image of the object to the measurements; defining a data fidelity functional using the measurement model; defining a regularisation functional using a trained non-linear mapping, the regularisation functional comprising prior knowledge about the unknown image; defining an optimisation problem involving the data fidelity functional and the regularisation functional for obtaining a first image estimate of the unknown image; and solving the optimisation problem to obtain the first image estimate.

ULTRASONIC CUTTER DETECTION METHOD AND DEVICE

An ultrasonic cutter detection method and device, the method comprises the following steps: preliminary detection: frequency amplitude detection and fall-of-potential detection, if the ultrasonic cutter fails the above two detection solutions in the preliminary detection, repeating the two detections; if the ultrasonic cutter still fails the above two detection solutions, the ultrasonic cutter is judged to be unqualified; and reinspection: free modal detection and pressure modal detection. Using differences of the ultrasonic cutters surface in micro-crack directions that result in different degrees of sensitivity of crack to different ultrasonic vibration modes, combined with the fall-of-potential method and frequency amplitude detection method, a detection rate and a detection velocity of an unqualified ultrasonic cutter can be improved.

ГУСЕНИЧНЫЙ БАШМАК С УСТРОЙСТВОМ ИЗМЕРЕНИЯ ИЗНОСА

Изобретение относится к гусеничному башмаку добычного агрегата с возможностью измерения его износа. Гусеничный башмак (200) содержит первую изнашивающуюся поверхность (206), вторую изнашивающуюся поверхность (204), расположенную напротив первой изнашивающейся поверхности (206), отсек (208), расположенный на первой изнашивающейся поверхности (206), содержащий базовую измерительную плоскость (212). Базовая измерительная плоскость (212) расположена под первой изнашивающейся поверхностью (206) таким образом, что она подвергается меньшему эксплуатационному износу, чем первая изнашивающаяся поверхность (206). Гусеничный башмак (200) содержит также линейный канал передачи, выполненный с возможностью получения ультразвукового сигнала и проходящий от базовой измерительной плоскости (212) к второй изнашивающейся поверхности (204). Достигается упрощение измерения степени износа гусеничного башмака. 2 н. и 8 з.п. ф-лы, 9 ил.

METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING A SUPPLY OF FOOD PRODUCTS

An automatic strength detect machine for outer decorative bricks of high-rise buildings

Guided wave testing

Calibrating an ultrasound apparatus

A method of calibrating an ultrasound apparatus for use in scanning an object to obtain subsurface information, the ultrasound apparatus comprising an ultrasound transceiver for transmitting an ultrasound pulse towards the object and receiving an ultrasound reflection signal; the method comprising: determining a characteristic material in respect of the object to be scanned; selecting a feature of the characteristic material against which to calibrate the ultrasound apparatus; driving a pre-defined ultrasound pulse template into the characteristic material; receiving a resultant ultrasound reflection signal from the characteristic material; gating the received resultant ultrasound reflection signal based on the selected feature; and calibrating the ultrasound apparatus using the gated received resultant ultrasound reflection signal.

LASER ULTRASOUND SCANNING FOR VISUALIZING DAMAGE OR IRREGULARITIES

Methods and systems may be configured to integrate data from fixed nondestructive inspection sensors positioned on a test specimen and data from laser ultrasound scans of the test specimen, in order to monitor and track damage and stress indications in the test specimen in real-time during mechanical stress testing of the test specimen. Data from the laser ultrasound scans may identify emergent areas of interest within the test specimen that were not predicted by stress analysis, and further allow for reconfiguration of the test plan in view of the emergent areas of interest, without having the stop the test. Laser ultrasound scans may be performed on the entire test specimen, with high-resolution scans being performed on emergent areas of interest. Thus, stress indications, or stress effects, in the test specimen may be measured, identified, and tracked in real-time (e.g., as growth is propagating) in a test specimen undergoing structural tests.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR INSPECTING ADDITIVELY MANUFACTURED COMPONENTS

ABSTRACT A system and method for inspecting an additively manufactured component include an additive manufacturing head configured to form a component layer-by-layer, and an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) configured to inspect one or more layers of the component. Date Recue/Date Received 2020-1 0-2 1 ...

INTEGRATED ACOUSTIC EMISSION TRANSDUCER APPARATUS AND METHOD

Integrated acoustic emission transducer apparatus and methods are described. An example apparatus includes an acoustic emission sensor having a data extractor and a process variable determiner integrated within the acoustic emission sensor. The acoustic emission sensor is to generate an acoustic emission signal. The data extractor is to extract signal data from the acoustic emission signal. The process variable determiner is to determine process variable data based on the extracted signal data. The process variable data includes at least one of leakage rate data, flow rate data, flow capacity data, flow area data, flow velocity data, mass accumulation data, or volume accumulation data.

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TESTING A COMPONENT NON-DESTRUCTIVELY

The invention relates to a method for testing a component (1) non-destructively, particularly for internal defects (6, 7), comprising the following steps: a) a rotationally symmetrical component (1) having a plurality of preferably cylindrical recesses, which are arranged at one or more hole circles (3, 5) is provided, b) a transmitter probe (12) serving as an ultrasound transmitter and a receiver probe (13) serving as an ultrasound receiver are arranged spaced apart from each other outside the component (1) such that ultrasound waves can be irradiated into a shaded area (11) located behind one of the recesses (2) in the component (1) by means of the transmitter probe (12) and ultrasound waves which are diffracted at least at one defect (7) present in the shaded area (11) can be received by the receiver probe (13), and c) time of flight diffraction is used to determine whether one or more faults (7) are present in the shaded area (7). The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying ...

ICE DETECTOR

ACOUSTIC LINE TRACING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FLUID TRANSFER SYSTEM

An acoustic line tracing system for tracing a fluid transfer system tubing line includes an acoustic receiver (22) operably connectable to the tubing line and configured to receive the vibratory signal. The acoustic receiver (22) includes a vibration sensor (24) disposed to contact the tubing line and configured for detecting vibration of the surface of the tubing line caused by the vibratory signal, and an indicator (26) producing at least one of an audio and a visual cue when the vibration sensor detects the vibratory signal.

DIRECT FIELD ACOUSTIC TESTING IN A SEMI-REVERBERANT ENCLOSURE

An acoustic testing system includes at least four control microphones, at least four acoustic transducers, an acoustic enclosure with pre-determined reverberant characteristics which contains the at least four control microphones and the at least four acoustic transducers, a control system configured to produce a predetermined acoustic field as measured by the at least one control microphone. A unit under test is also disposed within the acoustic enclosure. Using an acoustic enclosure with pre-determined reverberant characteristics results of the increased proportion of reflected sounds in the area proximate to the unit under test such that less power is required to achieve a given acoustic test level than in a purely direct field acoustic test.

Online continuous pipe crack detection device

Four-level repair process for urban region railway vehicles

Compactness lorry-mounted detection system based on relevancy

Process and device with ultrasounds of detection and identification of contaminant such as the white frost with lasurface of a structure

Le procédé et le dispositif permettent de détecter la présence de fluide de dégivrage, d'eau, de neige fondante ou de givre à la surface d'une structure. Le dispositif comprend une sonde (10) ayant un bloc de retard (16) présentant une interface affleurant la surface de la structure et des transducteurs (20, 22) d'émission et de réception. Le bloc a une impédance acoustique comprise entre 2, 7 et 3. Des moyens (12) d'excitation et d'analyse permettent d'envoyer une impulsion électrique au tranducteur d'émission (20) et de comparer l'amplitude et la phase de l'écho d'interface avec un écho de référence correspondant à l'absence de contaminant.

AN ULTRASOUND PROBE FOR BORE WITH METAL-TO-CENTER DISTANCE

L'invention a pour objet une sonde à ultrasons pour l'inspection d'un alésage (24) débouchant au niveau d'une surface périphérique (32), caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un dispositif d'excentration (70) qui comporte au moins deux lamelles (72) déformables de manière élastique, reliées à la sonde à ultrasons et configurées pour maintenir la tête d'émission (28) de la sonde à ultrasons plaquée contre la paroi de l'alésage à inspecter.

SINGLE CHANNEL CONDUCTIVE FABRIC TAPE PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR NETWORK, DEVICE FOR DIAGNOSING DAMAGE BASED ON MULTI-SOURCE ULTRASONIC WAVE IMAGING, AND METHOD THEREFOR

The present invention provides a single channel conductive fabric tape piezoelectric sensor network, a device for diagnosing damage based on multi-source ultrasonic wave imaging, and a method therefor. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the system for diagnosing damage comprises: a sensor array installed in a structure and having ultrasonic sensors connected in series by using a conductive fabric tape; and an imaging system exciting laser to an inspection surface of the structure and collecting wire-wireless signals from the ultrasonic sensors to generate an ultrasonic propagation image. Therefore, the present invention overcomes limitations of an inspection area caused by the single sensor while diagnosing damage to the large structure, removes devices related to a cable required to from a multi-channel sensor network, and reduce the weight of the devices. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017 ...

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PULSE MEASURING DEVICE AND METHOD, AND APPLICATION DEVICE USING THE SAME

An electromagnetic wave pulse measuring device, includes an elastic vibration wave generating section which irradiates a predetermined area of a sample with an elastic vibration wave, an electromagnetic wave pulse generating section which irradiates the predetermined area, which is irradiated with the elastic vibration wave, with an electromagnetic wave pulse, and an electromagnetic wave pulse detecting section which measures a waveform of the electromagnetic wave pulse modulated in the predetermined area by the elastic vibration wave. The timing at which the electromagnetic wave pulse detecting section measures the waveform of the electromagnetic wave pulse is a timing at which a phase angle of the elastic vibration wave has a predetermined value when the elastic vibration wave generating section generates the elastic vibration wave.

Method, Apparatus, System and Sensor For Detecting Multi-Mode Electromagnetic Acoustic and Magnetic Flux Leakage

The disclosure discloses a method, apparatus and system for detecting multi-mode electromagnetic acoustic and magnetic flux leakage and a sensor. The method comprises: S102, receiving an operation instruction for detecting an object to be detected, the operation instruction is used for controlling a detection sensor to enter into any one or more of working modes as follows: magnetic flux leakage detection, ultrasonic bulk wave detection, ultrasonic guided wave detection and surface wave detection; S104, controlling the detection sensor to output a corresponding detection signal according to the operation instruction; and S106, detecting the object to be detected on the basis of the detection signal. The technical solution achieves a purpose of using one sensor to realize various detection modes, such as magnetic flux leakage and electromagnetic acoustic modes, reduces complexity and cost of a detection system, and improves detection efficiency.

ULTRASONIC INSPECTION END EFFECTOR

A through-transmission ultrasonic (TTU) inspection system for ultrasonic inspection of a part, such as an aircraft component. The TTU inspection system may include a first end effector and/or a second end effector. The first end effector may be positioned on a first surface of the part and the second end effector may be positioned on a second surface of the part, opposite the first surface. The first and/or second end effector may also include an acoustic coupling medium encircled by a plurality of pins independently movable toward and away from a housing of the first and/or second end effector, such that the pins may follow local part contours along the first surface at all times, while retaining the acoustic coupling medium between the first surface and a transducer in the housing of the first and/or second end effector.

ULTRASONIC MEASUREMENT DEVICE

A wear measurement device for measuring wear of a machine component includes a probe configured to generate and send an ultrasonic wave through the component, generate a first signal upon sending the ultrasonic wave, and generate a second signal upon receiving the reflected wave. The device also includes a display configured to provide a visible output to a user of the device and a controller coupled to the probe and the display and comprising a memory and a processor. The processor is configured to receive the first and second signals and to, immediately upon receiving the signals, determine a measurement of the component based on the signals, determine a percent worn value for the component based on the measurement and stored component data, and cause the display to provide the percent worn value as a visible output.

Two methods of determining permeabilities of naturally fractured rocks from laboratory measurements

A method for measuring a fracture permeability and a matrix permeability of a naturally fractured cylindrical rock sample, includes sealing both flat ends of the cylindrical sample; immersing the naturally fractured cylindrical rock sample in a fluid, and attaching an axial and a radial strain sensor to the curved surface of the sample. Furthermore, the method includes attaching a signal generator to one flat end of sample, and a signal receiver to the other flat end of the sample, and generating a harmonic excitation using the signal generator at a plurality of frequencies and recording the excitation at each of the plurality of frequencies. The method includes calculating an elastic wave propagation attribute at each of the plurality of frequencies, and inverting the elastic wave propagation attribute at each of the plurality of frequencies to determine the fracture permeability and the matrix permeability of the naturally fractured cylindrical rock sample.

УСТРОЙСТВО УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ ДЕФЕКТОСКОПИИ И СПОСОБ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ ДЕФЕКТОСКОПИИ

Использование: для ультразвуковой дефектоскопии. Сущность изобретения заключается в том, что устройство (100) ультразвуковой дефектоскопии содержит ультразвуковой решеточный зонд (10), имеющий ультразвуковые элементы (11); вычислитель (33) расчетного времени прихода отраженных-формой волн для вычисления расчетного времени прихода отраженных-формой волн для расчетной отраженной-формой волны на основе расчетной скорости звука в объекте (1) испытаний; экстрактор (34) фактического времени прихода отраженных-формой волн для получения фактического времени прихода отраженных-формой волн на основе фактической отраженной-формой волны; вычислитель (35) разности времен прихода отраженных-формой волн для вычисления разности посредством вычитания фактического времени прихода отраженных-формой волн из расчетного времени прихода отраженных-формой волн в качестве разности времен прихода отраженных-формой волн и вычислитель (32) времени задержки для вычисления времен задержки для взаимного сдвига времен ...

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБ НЕРАЗРУШАЮЩЕГО ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК МАТЕРИАЛА

УСТРОЙСТВО И СПОСОБЫ ИНТЕГРИРОВАННОГО АКУСТИКО-ЭМИССИОННОГО ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЯ

Система и способ ультразвукового детектирования

Nondestructive Test For Flexible Composites

A method for testing internal differences in reinforced flexible composites including placing a flexible composite on a rigid support structure, tapping the composite with a tapper of predetermined mass, determining a value representative of the impact duration of the tap and/or computing a value representative of the local stiffness of the composite. The composite may be a power transmission belt or portion thereof with tensile cord reinforcement. The method is useful for comparing the degree of penetration of elastomer into the tensile cord, for example in a cast polyurethane toothed belt.

Inspection System And Methods For Integral Seals

An inspection system for integral seals includes an ultrasonic transducer configured to ultrasonically scan an integral seal having a rubber sealing member attached to a seal carrier, and a transducer positioning mechanism defining a plurality of translational degrees of freedom and a rotational degree of freedom. An electronic control unit is coupled with the ultrasonic transducer, and may be configured to store data indicative of a defect in the integral seal responsive to a reflection pattern defined by ultrasound reflected by the rubber sealing member and the seal carrier. Related methodology is also disclosed.

Array for sensing and inducing strain in an adhesively bonded joint including magnetostrictive material

Sensing strain in an adhesively bonded joint includes inducing a strain wave in the joint, and sensing a change in local magnetic characteristics in the joint.

Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing

An apparatus and method for ultrasonic non-destructive testing provides an elongate strip of ultrasound transmissive material coupled at a proximal end to an object under test. The elongate strip has a transverse cross-section with a width and thickness giving an aspect ratio greater than unity and matched to the ultrasonic transducer such that excitation induces a substantially non-dispersive ultrasonic signal to propagate along the elongate strip to the proximal end and to enter the object under test. These non-dispersive pulses are particularly suited for time-of-flight measurements, thickness measurements, crack measurements and the like. The elongate strip helps to separate the transducer from a potentially hostile environment associated with the object under test. The elongate strip also has a large area of contact with the object under test allowing efficient transmission of energy into the object under test.

Acoustic Emission Toughness Testing For PDC, PCBN, Or Other Hard Or Superhard Material Inserts

An acoustic emissions testing device includes a test cutter including a first surface, an acoustic sensor, an indenter coupled to the first surface, and a load. The load is exerted on the indenter, which transfers the load to the first surface. The acoustic sensor is communicably coupled to the test cutter and detects one or more acoustic events occurring therein. An acoustic emissions testing system includes a data recorder coupled to the testing device. The data recorder records the data from testing device. Based upon the data received, the toughness of the test cutter is objectively determined and can be ranked comparatively to the toughness of other test cutters. The load is ramped up to a peak load, held for a period of time, and then ramped down. Cutters from the same cutter type as the test cutters have similar toughness.

Apparatus and method for non-destructive testing using ultrasonic phased array

The present invention is related generally to the field of non-destructive materials testing using ultrasonic devices, more particularly, ultrasonic devices in a phased array and includes a wedge for conducting pitch-catch ultrasonic phase array testing of materials wherein the wedge includes a liquid column and is manufactured with specific angles so as to control the angle at which the ultrasonic waves pass into the wedge and then are refracted when passing from the liquid in the liquid column into the material being analyzed, thus providing a wider range of analysis via sweeping the beams from the wedge than was possible with known wedges.

Internal stringer inspection system for integrated structures

An inspection apparatus and method for inspecting an interior surface of a hollow composite part. The inspection apparatus may have a first plug, a second plug, and a trolley positioned between the first and second plugs. The first and second plugs may form a leak-proof seal against the interior surface of the hollow composite part. The trolley may support at least one inspection probe for testing the interior surface of the composite part. A method of inspecting the composite part may include the steps of inserting the inspection apparatus into the hollow composite part, pushing or pulling the inspection apparatus with an elongated actuation element to a desired area to be inspected within the composite part, then filling a space between first and second plugs with a liquid. Finally, the method may include a step of inspecting the interior surface of the hollow composite part with the inspection probe.

Materials-testing multisensor and method for testing of materials with a materials-testing multisensor

A material testing multisensor comprising at least one receiving sensor ( 1 ) with at least two pins ( 2 ), which are electrically conductive, preferably in the front region, can be driven with a defined force into a test piece to be investigated and, depending on their depth of penetration, allow the average density there to be concluded and, depending on the electrical conductivity between the pins ( 2 ), allow the ion content between them to be concluded, and also comprising at least one transmitter ( 3 ) or transmitter sensor, with which the test piece is tapped at at least one location, preferably at a number of locations, in the case of round cross sections for example seven evenly distributed locations, in order to measure and evaluate the sound transit time and other properties of the generated shockwaves at the receiving sensor ( 1 ). Also provided is a method for material testing with such a material testing multisensor.

Property measurement system for metal material

A property measurement system for a metal material includes: a laser oscillator that emits a pulse laser beam; a lens array that has small lenses with a same shape, the small lenses being laid in a matrix on a plane perpendicular to an optical axis of the pulse laser beam, and arranged so that a part of a cross section of the pulse laser beam can be made incident onto each of small lenses; a condensing lens that overlaps and condenses emitted beams coming from the small lenses on a same region of a surface of a metal material as a measurement target; a laser interferometer that detects, as an electric signal, a pulse ultrasonic wave that is excited by the pulse laser beam condensed and propagates through an inside of the metal material; and a signal processing device that processes the electric signal.

Method and apparatus for defect detection in composite structures

Methods and apparatus for non-destructive testing of a composite structure utilizing sonic or ultrasonic waves. In response to a wideband chirp wave sonic excitation signal transmitted from a probe to the composite structure, a probe signal received is correlated with a library of predetermined probe signals and a graphical representation of defects detected is generated. The graphical representation provides detailed information on defect type, defect location and defect shape. Also contemplated is a probe for non-destructive testing of a composite structure comprising three or more transducers wherein each transducer is separately configurable as a transmitter or as a receiver; and a controller coupled to each of transducer for providing signals thereto and receiving signals therefrom, wherein the signals provided thereto include signals for configuring each transducer as either a transmitter or a receiver, and signals for providing an excitation signal from each transducer which is configured as a transmitter.

ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION METHOD, ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION APPARATUS, AND PIPE MANUFACTURING METHOD

An ultrasonic flaw detection method to detect flaws on an inner surface of a metallic pipe using ultrasonic waves includes a waveform hold step that acquires and holds waveform data of an echo signal when an ultrasonic probe that generates ultrasonic signals toward the inner surface and the metallic pipe are moved relative to each other, a signal analyzing step that calculates a path length up to receiving an echo signal from the inner surface and a change rate of the path length based on the waveform data held, and a flaw detecting step that detects flaws on the inner surface based on the path length and the change rate of the path length. 1. An ultrasonic flaw detection method to detect flaws on an inner surface of a metallic pipe using ultrasonic waves comprising:a waveform holding step that acquires and holds waveform data of an echo signal when an ultrasonic probe that generates ultrasonic signals toward the inner surface and the metallic pipe are moved relative to each other;a signal analyzing step that calculates a path length up to receiving an echo signal from the inner surface and a change rate of the path length based on the waveform data held; anda flaw detecting step that detects flaws on the inner surface based on the path length and the change rate of the path length.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the flaw detecting step determines that a flaw is present in a portion satisfying a condition in which the path length is equal to or smaller than a given path length threshold or the change rate of the path length is equal to or greater than a given path-length change rate threshold claim 1 , and that no flaw is present in a portion not satisfying the condition.3. The method according to claim 1 , whereinthe signal analyzing step further calculates a height of the echo signal from the inner surface based on the waveform data held, andthe flaw detecting step determines that a flaw is present in a portion satisfying a condition in which the path ...

Method And Device For Detecting And Analyzing Deposits

The present invention relates to a method and device for detecting and analyzing deposits in liquid-bearing systems. More particularly, the device relates to being able to detect and analyze deposits in a liquid-bearing systems such as industrial plants that use and store fluids. The method relates to being able to determine a distribution of the run time of a detected ultrasonic reflection signal and analyzing the distribution to determine if deposits are deposited onto a reflecting area. 1. A method for detecting and analyzing deposits on a reflecting area , in particular inside a liquid-bearing system , comprising the steps of:emitting an ultrasonic emission signal towards the reflecting area by an ultrasonic transducer in a first step;detecting an ultrasonic reflection signal obtained by reflection of the ultrasonic emission signal in the area of the reflecting area by detection means in a second step;determining a distribution of the run time of the detected ultrasonic reflection signal in response to a specified variable in a third step;analyzing the distribution in a fourth step in order to determine if deposits are deposited at least partially onto the reflecting area.2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the distribution is analyzed in the fourth step whether the distribution comprises a stationary point claim 1 , an inflection point claim 1 , a break point claim 1 , a pole and/or a discontinuity.31. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the position claim 1 , the gradient and/or the curvature of the distribution and/or the position of the stationary point claim 1 , the inflection point claim 1 , the break point claim 1 , the pole and/or a discontinuity is analyzed in the fourth step.4. A method for detecting and analyzing deposits on a reflecting area claim 3 , in particular according to claim 3 , comprising the steps of:emitting an ultrasonic emission signal towards the reflecting area by an ultrasonic transducer in a first step;detecting an ...

Device And Method For Detecting Deposits

The present invention relates to a method and device for detecting and analyzing deposits in liquid-bearing systems. More particularly, the device relates to being able to detect and analyze deposits in a liquid-bearing systems such as industrial plants that use and store fluids. The method relates to being able to determine a distribution of the run time of a detected ultrasonic reflection signal and analyzing the distribution to determine if deposits are deposited onto a reflecting area. 1. A device for detecting deposits in a reflecting area inside a liquid-bearing system comprising an ultrasonic transducer for emitting an ultrasonic emission signal towards the reflecting area and a detection means for detecting an ultrasonic reflection signal obtained by reflection of the ultrasonic emission signal in the area of the reflecting area , wherein the device further comprises heating means for increasing the temperature of the reflecting area.2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the heating means is directly coupled to the reflecting area claim 1 , wherein preferably the heating means is rigidly coupled to the reflecting area by heat conducting means made of a thermally conductive material.3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the device comprises a reflecting wall claim 2 , wherein the reflecting area is provided at least partially by the reflecting wall claim 2 , preferably the reflecting wall comprises a wall portion of the liquid-bearing system and/or at least serves as a wall portion of the liquid-bearing system.4. The device according to claim 3 , wherein the heat conducting means comprises a holder having a recess claim 3 , in which the heating means is accommodated claim 3 , and wherein the heat conducting means comprises the reflecting wall claim 3 , wherein an inner side of the reflecting wall faces the ultrasonic transducer.5. The device according to claim 4 , wherein the device comprises a reflecting unit comprising the heating means claim ...

ULTRASONIC NDT SENSOR ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR INSPECTING SURFACES OF VARIABLE GEOMETRY OF METAL BODIES

The invention relates to an ultrasonic NDT sensor arrangement for inspecting surfaces of variable geometry of metal bodies. The sensor arrangement includes a housing with a hollow inner space and an opening, through which part of an incoming sound beam exits the housing to enter a metal body to be tested. An ultrasonic sensor is coupled to the housing such that it emits said incoming sound beam directly into said hollow inner space in a direction towards the opening. The said inner space of the housing is filled with a first coupling fluid which is water. The opening of the housing is closed with a closing member, which is made of a silicone material and which has a similar density and velocity of sound compared to the first coupling fluid. 1. An ultrasonic NDT sensor arrangement for inspecting surfaces of variable geometry of metal bodies , comprising:a housing with a hollow inner space and an opening, through which part of an incoming sound beam exits the housing to enter a metal body to be tested;an ultrasonic sensor coupled to said housing such that it emits said incoming sound beam directly into said hollow inner space in a direction towards said opening, whereby said inner space of said housing is filled with a first coupling fluid,wherein that first coupling fluid is water and said opening of said housing is closed with a closing member, which is made of a silicone material and which has a similar density and velocity of sound compared to said first coupling fluid.2. The sensor arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein said closing member is a membrane.3. The sensor arrangement according to claims 1 , further comprising a pump is connected to the inner space of said housing to supply said sensor arrangement with said first coupling fluid.4. The sensor arrangement according to claim 1 , wherein said ultrasonic sensor is oriented with respect to said opening or closing member such that said part of the incoming sound beam claim 1 , which exits the housing ...

Detecting Train Separation

This application describes method and apparatus for detecting train separation, where one or more railway cars/carriages () accidentally decouple from the rest of the train. The method involves performing distributed acoustic sensing on at least one optical fibre () to provide a plurality of longitudinal acoustic sensor portions along the railway (). The acoustic response is analysed to detect a signature indicative of a train separation. This may involve detecting acoustic events () associated with different parts of the train and detecting when the separation between the two events exceeds a threshold amount. The method may identify the front of the train and the rear of the train and detect when the distance between the front and rear changes by more than a threshold amount and/or sounds associated with wheelsets passing track features () may be used to determine the intervals (T, T) between wheelsets of adjacent cars and determine when the interval exceeds a threshold amount. The threshold may be based on the interval (T) between wheelsets of the same car passing the track feature. 1. A method detecting separation of a train comprising:performing distributed acoustic sensing on at least one optical fibre deployed along the length of a railway so as to provide a plurality of longitudinal acoustic sensor portions along the railway;analysing the acoustic response from said acoustic sensor portions to detect a signature indicative of a train having separated.2. A method as claimed in wherein said detecting said signature comprises detecting a first acoustic event associated with a first part of a train and a second acoustic event associated with a second different part of the train and detecting that the separation between the first acoustic event and second acoustic event is beyond a threshold.3. A method as claimed in comprising analysing the acoustic response from the acoustic sensor portions to locate an acoustic signal indicative of the front of the train and ...

ULTRASONIC INSPECTION FOR CERAMIC STRUCTURES

Methods, systems, and devices for ultrasonic inspection for ceramic structures are described. The method may include transmitting, via an ultrasonic transmitter, an ultrasonic waveform through the ceramic structure, where the ceramic structure includes two opposing ends and one or more outer faces extending between the two opposing ends, the one or more outer faces being at least partially enclosed by a casing and the ultrasonic transmitter being positioned adjacent to a first of the two opposing ends. The method may also include receiving a propagated waveform via an ultrasonic receiver positioned adjacent to a second of the two opposing ends and generating an image based at least in part on the propagated waveform, the image illustrating at least a portion of the casing and one or more detected features of the ceramic structure at the one or more outer faces of the ceramic structure adjacent to the casing. 1. A method for detecting features of a ceramic structure , the method comprising:transmitting, via an ultrasonic transmitter, an ultrasonic waveform through the ceramic structure, wherein the ceramic structure comprises two opposing ends and one or more outer faces extending between the two opposing ends, wherein the one or more outer faces are at least partially enclosed by a casing, and wherein the ultrasonic transmitter is positioned adjacent to a first of the two opposing ends;receiving a propagated waveform via an ultrasonic receiver positioned adjacent to a second of the two opposing ends, the propagated waveform being the ultrasonic waveform after traversal of the ceramic structure; andgenerating an image based at least in part on the propagated waveform, wherein the image illustrates at least a portion of the casing and is capable of illustrating one or more detected features of the ceramic structure at the one or more outer faces of the ceramic structure adjacent to the casing.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:enclosing the one or more ...

ULTRASONIC DETECTION AND TENSILE CALIBRATION TEST METHOD FOR BONDING STRENGTH GRADE

An ultrasonic detection and tensile calibration test method for bonding strength grade comprising bonding an upper substrate block to bonding groove(s) to form a theoretical bonding area, and applying a downward actual tensile force to a lower substrate block; obtaining an actual bonding area of the theoretical bonding area; calculating a first actual bonding strength by using the actual tensile force and the actual bonding area, and comparing the first actual bonding strength with a second actual bonding strength calculated to verify the correctness of the theoretical bonding area as a calibrated bonding strength; forming a bond strength table in which the theoretical bonding areas, the actual bonding areas and the first actual bonding strengths are in one-to-one correspondence; and using the actual bonding area to find the actual bonding strength corresponding to the actual bonding area from the bonding area bonding strength table. 1. An ultrasonic detection and tensile calibration test method for bonding strength grade , comprising:a step 1 of arranging an upper substrate block and a lower substrate block on a tensile testing machine respectively, wherein the upper substrate block is fixedly arranged, and an upper surface of the lower substrate block is provided with nine bonding grooves of the same area;{'sub': 'lv', 'a step 2 of bonding the upper substrate block to the bonding groove(s) to form a theoretical bonding area s, and a downward actual tensile force is applied to the lower substrate block;'}{'sub': 'sj', 'a step 3 of scanning an actual bonding area sof the theoretical bonding area by using an ultrasonic scanning method;'}{'sub': sj1', 'sj', 'sj1', 'sj2, 'a step 4 of calculating a first actual bonding strength σby using the actual tensile force in the step 2 and the actual bonding area sin the step 3, and the first actual bonding strength σis compared with a second actual bonding strength σcalculated by an equation to verify the correctness of a method ...

OBJECT INFORMATION ACQUIRING APPARATUS AND LASER APPARATUS

There is used an object information acquiring apparatus including a laser resonator configured to include two reflection bodies and a Q switch provided between the two reflection bodies and determining a Q value based on a voltage to be applied, an excitation section configured to optically excite a laser medium, a detector configured to detect light output from one of the reflection bodies, a controller configured to control the laser resonator and determine a value of the voltage based on a detection result of the detector and applies the voltage to the Q switch, a receiver configured to receive an acoustic wave propagating from an object based on irradiation of the object with laser light output from one of the reflection bodies, and an acquisition section configured to acquire information on the object based on a reception result of the receiver. 1. An object information acquiring apparatus comprising:a laser resonator configured to include two reflection bodies and a Q switch provided between the two reflection bodies and determining a Q value based on a voltage to be applied;an excitation section configured to optically excite a laser medium;a detector configured to detect light output from one of the reflection bodies;a controller configured to control the laser resonator and determine a value of the voltage based on a detection result of the detector and applies the voltage to the Q switch;a receiver configured to receive an acoustic wave propagating from an object based on irradiation of the object with laser light output from one of the reflection bodies; andan acquisition section configured to acquire information relate to the object based on a reception result of the receiver.2. The object information acquiring apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising a branch optical element configured to be provided at a stage prior to the detector and guides part of the laser light output from one of the reflection bodies to the detector claim 1 , ...

PHOTO-ACOUSTIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR NON-CONTACT MEASUREMENT OF THIN LAYERS

A measuring device for non-mechanical-contact measurement of a layer, the measuring device including a light source operative to generate a pulse adapted to interact with the layer so as to generate a thermal wave in a gas medium present adjacent the layer. The thermal wave causes an acoustic signal to be generated. The measuring device further includes a detector adapted to detect a first signal responsive to the acoustic signal, the detector not being in mechanical contact with the layer. The first signal is representative of the measured layer. 120-. (canceled)21. An apparatus , comprising: an acoustic detector spaced apart from the moving layer; and', 'a light exit port spaced apart from the moving layer, wherein the light exit port is optically couplable to a light source to convey an optical pulse through the gas medium and towards the moving layer to generate a thermal wave in the gas medium adjacent the moving layer that is sufficient to generate an acoustic signal detectable by the acoustic detector;, 'a measurement head positionable opposite a gas medium from a moving layer for measuring the moving layer, the measurement head comprisingwherein the light exit port is rigidly fixed to the measurement head, and wherein the acoustic detector is rigidly fixed to the measurement head at a distance from the light exit port.22. The apparatus of claim 21 , wherein the light exit port is rigidly fixed to the measurement head such that the optical pulse is directed towards the moving layer at an angle that is greater than 80° and less than 90° with respect to a surface of the moving layer.23. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the angle is greater than 86°.24. The apparatus of claim 21 , further comprising:an optical subsection containing the light source; anda flexible optical fiber cable optically coupling the light exit port and the optical subsection.25. The apparatus of claim 24 , wherein the optical subsection is located remote from the measurement head.26. ...

AUTOMATIC TRANSDUCER OPERATING PARAMETER SELECTION

Operating parameters are selected for inspecting a structure. Selecting the operating parameters includes exciting broadband ultrasonic guided waves in a multilayered structure, acquiring data corresponding to the sensed broadband ultrasonic guided waves in the multilayered structure, selecting one or more narrow frequency bands based on the acquired data, and inspecting the multilayered structure using ultrasonic guided waves in the one or more narrow frequency bands. In some examples, the data is acquired by an inspection tool capable of sensing the broadband ultrasonic guided waves in the multilayered structure. 1. A method of selecting operating parameters for inspecting a structure , the method comprising:exciting broadband ultrasonic guided waves in a multilayered structure;acquiring, by an inspection tool capable of sensing the broadband ultrasonic guided waves in the multilayered structure, data corresponding to the sensed broadband ultrasonic guided waves in the multilayered structure;selecting one or more narrow frequency bands based on the acquired data; andinspecting the multilayered structure using ultrasonic guided waves in the one or more narrow frequency bands.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multilayered structure comprises a coated metallic pipe having one or more of a varying wall thickness claim 1 , a varying coating thickness claim 1 , or a varying quality.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inspection tool is an electromagnetic acoustic transducer based inline inspection tool.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more narrow frequency bands comprise a long pulse width with a plurality of cycles.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic guided waves in the one or more narrow frequency bands have a higher intensity than the broadband ultrasonic guided waves.6. A system of selecting operating parameters for inspecting a structure claim 1 , the system comprising:an ultrasonic transmitter configured to excite broadband ...

ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTOR AND ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION METHOD

An ultrasonic flaw detector for performing flaw detection of a circumferential defect on a surface of a steel pipe is configured such that only a surface wave probe configured to transmit a surface wave to the surface of the steel pipe is provided as a probe for transmitting an ultrasonic wave to the steel pipe and a position of the surface wave probe is fixed in a state where a surface wave transmission direction of the surface wave probe is in parallel with a pipe axis direction of the steel pipe. 1. An ultrasonic flaw detector for performing flaw detection of a circumferential defect on a surface of a steel pipe ,wherein only a surface wave probe configured to transmit a surface wave to the surface of the steel pipe is provided as a probe for transmitting an ultrasonic wave to the steel pipe, andwherein a position of the surface wave probe is fixed in a state where a surface wave transmission direction of the surface wave probe is in parallel with a pipe axis direction of the steel pipe.2. The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 1 ,wherein a probe moving mechanism configured to move the surface wave probe along the pipe axis direction of the steel pipe is provided.3. The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 1 ,wherein a wedge having a shape in close contact with the surface of the steel pipe is attached to the surface wave probe.4. The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 1 ,wherein the surface wave probe is a transmission and reception integral type surface wave probe.5. The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 1 ,wherein a dry coupling mode flaw detection is performed.6. The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 1 ,wherein a defect depth of the circumferential defect is 0.05 mm or more.7. The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 1 ,wherein a defect length of the circumferential defect is 0.1 mm or more.8. The ultrasonic flaw detector according to claim 1 ,wherein an outside diameter of the steel pipe is 2000 mm or less. ...

ACOUSTIC SENSING SYSTEMS, DEVICES AND METHODS

Disclosed are devices, systems and methods for touch, force and/or thermal sensing by an ultrasonic transceiver chip. In some aspects, an ultrasonic transceiver sensor device includes a semiconductor substrate; a CMOS layer attached to the substrate; an array of piezoelectric transducers coupled to the CMOS layer to generate ultrasonic pulses; and a contact layer attached to the substrate on a side opposite the substrate for providing a surface for contact with an object, where an ultrasonic pulse generated by a piezoelectric transducer propagates through the substrate and the contact layer, such that when the object is in contact with the surface of the contact layer, a reflected ultrasonic pulse is produced and propagates through the contact layer and the substrate to be received at the array of piezoelectric transducers, and the CMOS layer receive and process outputs from the piezoelectric transducers produced in response to the received reflected ultrasonic pulses. 1. An ultrasonic transceiver sensor device , comprising:a substrate including a semiconductor material;a CMOS layer attached to a first side of the substrate;an array of piezoelectric transducers coupled to the CMOS layer and operable to generate ultrasonic pulses having a frequency of at least 0.5 GHz; anda contact layer attached to a second side of the substrate opposite the first side to provide a surface for contact with an object,wherein an ultrasonic pulse generated by a piezoelectric transducer of the array is directed to propagate through the substrate and the contact layer, such that when the object is in contact with the surface of the contact layer, a reflected ultrasonic pulse is produced and propagates through the contact layer and the substrate to be received at the array of piezoelectric transducers, wherein CMOS elements of the CMOS layer in communication with the array of piezoelectric transducers are operable to receive and process outputs from the piezoelectric transducers produced ...

Millimeter wave holographic three-dimensional imaging detection system and method

This invention provides millimeter wave holographic 3D imaging detection system, which comprises: a transmitting antenna configured to transmit a millimeter wave transmitting signal to an object to be detected; a receiving antenna configured to receive an echo signal from the object to be detected; a millimeter wave transceiving module configured to generate the millimeter wave transmitting signal transmitted to the object to be detected and receive and process the echo signal from the receiving antenna; a scanning device configured to support the millimeter wave transceiving module, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna, and move the millimeter transceiving module, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna along a preset track, so as to scan the object to be detected with millimeter waves; a data gathering and processing module configured to gather and process the echo signal output from the millimeter wave transceiving module to generate a 3D image of the object to be detected; and an image display unit configured to display the 3D image generated by the data gathering and processing module. Besides, this invention also provides a method of millimeter wave holographic 3D imaging detection on an object to be detected using the above system thereof. The technical solution of this invention has the advantages of simple structure, high resolution, short imaging time, and larger field of view.

Apparatus and method for photoacoustic imaging

A photoacoustic imaging apparatus includes a signal processor. The signal processor includes an adding unit configured to add received signals obtained by acoustic wave detecting devices to obtain a summed signal, a normalizing unit configured to normalize the summed signal for each acoustic wave detecting device with reference to an amplitude value in the received signal in the acoustic wave detecting device at the time when a maximum amplitude value in the summed signal is obtained to obtain a normalized signal, a reducing unit configured to subtract the normalized signal from the received signal for each acoustic wave detecting device to obtain a reduced signal in which the amplitude value in the received signal at the time when the maximum amplitude value in the summed signal is obtained is reduced, and an imaging unit configured to generate image data using the reduced signals.

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PULSE MEASURING DEVICE AND METHOD, AND APPLICATION DEVICE USING THE SAME

An electromagnetic wave pulse measuring device, includes an elastic vibration wave generating section which irradiates a predetermined area of a sample with an elastic vibration wave, an electromagnetic wave pulse generating section which irradiates the predetermined area, which is irradiated with the elastic vibration wave, with an electromagnetic wave pulse, and an electromagnetic wave pulse detecting section which measures a waveform of the electromagnetic wave pulse modulated in the predetermined area by the elastic vibration wave. The timing at which the electromagnetic wave pulse detecting section measures the waveform of the electromagnetic wave pulse is a timing at which a phase angle of the elastic vibration wave has a predetermined value when the elastic vibration wave generating section generates the elastic vibration wave. 1. An electromagnetic wave pulse measuring device for acquiring information on a sample using time-domain spectroscopy comprising:an elastic vibration wave generating section which irradiates the sample with an elastic vibration wave;an electromagnetic wave pulse generating section which irradiates the sample with an electromagnetic wave pulse; andan electromagnetic wave pulse detecting section which measures a time waveform of the electromagnetic wave pulse modulated by the sample,wherein the electromagnetic wave pulse detecting section and the elastic vibration wave generating section are configured such the electromagnetic wave pulse detecting section measures the time waveform of the electromagnetic wave pulse at a timing when the elastic vibration wave generating section generates the elastic vibration wave with a phase angle of a predetermined value.2. The electromagnetic wave pulse measuring device according to claim 1 , wherein a repetition frequency of the electromagnetic wave pulse with which the sample is irradiated is a fraction of a natural number of the frequency of the elastic vibration wave.3. The electromagnetic wave ...

Acoustic pipe condition assessment using coherent averaging

Methods, systems, and computer-readable storage media for accurate time delay estimation using coherent averaging. A plurality of out-of-bracket acoustical impulses are generated in a pipe segment of a fluid distribution system. Signal data representing the acoustical impulses sensed at two locations along the pipe segment are recorded. Precise timings for the generation of the acoustical impulses are obtained, and the acoustical impulses in the signal data recorded from the first location are averaged based on the precise timings to produce a near-sensor average impulse. Similarly, the acoustical impulses in the signal data recorded from the second location are averaged based on the same precise timings to produce a far-sensor average impulse. A time delay between arrival of the plurality of out-of-bracket acoustical impulses at the first and second locations is estimated from the timing of the near-sensor average impulse and the far-sensor average impulse.

DEFECT INSPECTION APPARATUS AND DEFECT INSPECTION METHOD

A defect inspection apparatus () is provided with and an excitation unit () for exciting elastic waves, an irradiation unit () for emitting laser light, a measurement unit () for measuring interference light, and a control unit (). The control unit is configured to acquire an image () representing a vibration state of an inspection target object () in a measurement area based on a measurement result of the measurement unit (), detect a discontinuous portion in a vibration state in the measurement area from the image representing the vibration state as a defect (), and identify a type of the defect based on at least one of a shape () of the detected defect and the vibration state of a defective portion. 1. A defect inspection apparatus comprising:an excitation unit configured to excite elastic waves in an inspection target object;an irradiation unit configured to emit laser light to a measurement area of the inspection target object in a state in which the elastic waves are excited by the excitation unit;a measurement unit configured to cause the laser light reflected at mutually different positions in the measurement area to interfere with each other to acquire interference light and measure the interference light; anda control unit, the control unit being configured toacquire an image representing a vibration state of the inspection target object in the measurement area based on a measurement result of the measurement unit,detect a discontinuous portion in the vibration state in the measurement area from the image representing the vibration state as a defect, andidentify a type of the defect based on at least one of a shape of the detected defect and the vibration state of a defective portionwherein the image representing the vibration state is a moving image in which a temporal change of a vibration displacement is displayed.2. The defect inspection apparatus as recited in claim 1 ,wherein the control unit is configured toextract an area where the vibration state ...

STRUCTURAL WALL INSPECTION SYSTEM USING DRONES TO PERFORM NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING (NDT)

A system for nondestructive inspection of structures. The system includes an omni-directional unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a support arm extending outward from the UAV body from a first end attached to the body to a second distal end, which is used to support a nondestructive testing (NDT) sensor. The system includes an autopilot module stabilizing the flight of the omni-directional platform. The autopilot includes a wall-tracking mode, which determines the normal of the structure's surface, and the omni-directional UAV is stabilized to fly with the support arm aligned with normal to the surface and with the second end proximate to the surface with the UAV body in any orientation in space. The UAV operates to follow a flight path whereby a longitudinal axis of the support arm coincides with the normal and the sensor is positioned in predefined measurement position relative to the structure surface to take the measurements. 1. A system for inspecting a structure in a nondestructive manner , comprising:an omni-directional unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) including a body;a support arm extending outward from the body from a first end attached to the body to a second end distal to the body;a nondestructive testing (NDT) sensor mounted on or in the support arm at or near the second end;an autopilot module stabilizing flight of the omni-directional UAV during at least one of free flight when in proximity to the structure; anda surface tracking module, active when the omni-directional UAV is in proximity to the structure, determining a normal of a surface of the structure, wherein the autopilot performs the stabilizing of flight to orient the body with the support arm aligned with the normal to the surface and with the second end of the support arm proximate to the surface.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the omni-directional UAV operates in response to control signals generated by the autopilot module or received from a radio controller based on user input to follow a ...

Laser ultrasound system and method for inspection of a contoured structure

A method including ultrasonically scanning a structure with a laser ultrasound testing system where the structure is provided with an array of nanoscopic structures, the nanoscopic structures having a predetermined directional orientation, the nanoscopic structures disposed on a scanned surface of the structure, and determining if the structure meets a predetermined threshold. Aspects of this invention apply certain high emissivity coatings to structures for the purpose of significant improvement laser ultrasound inspection of those structures. The nanotechnology-based material in the coatings rapidly draws heat away, for maximum laser energy absorption while preventing surface heat damage to the composite surface from the laser beam.

MULTICHANNEL IMPACT RESPONSE FOR MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION

A non-destructive test system includes a plurality of impact devices including a knob configured to generate at least one flexural mode in a material when a surface of the material is impacted by the knob, a controller configured to independently control each of the plurality of impact devices, the controller having a communications channel for each of the plurality of impact devices, and a microphone configured to detect an acoustic response generated upon impact of the knob on the surface of the material, the acoustic response being based on the at least one flexural modes generated in the material. 1. A non-destructive test system comprising:a plurality of impact devices including a knob configured to generate at least one flexural mode in a material when a surface of the material is impacted by the knob;a controller configured to independently control each of the plurality of impact devices, the controller having a communications channel for each of the plurality of impact devices; anda microphone configured to detect an acoustic response generated upon impact of the knob on the surface of the material, the acoustic response being based on the at least one flexural modes generated in the material.2. The non-destructive test system of claim 1 , further comprising an encoder configured to generate a signal based on a bounce of the knob off the surface after impact on the surface.3. The non-destructive test system of claim 1 , whereinthe plurality of impact devices are attached to a trailer configured to traverse the surface,the plurality of impact devices are communicatively coupled to each other using an Ethernet protocol, andthe plurality of impact devices are communicatively coupled to the controller using the Ethernet protocol, each of the plurality of impact devices having a different address.4. The non-destructive test system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to determine a characteristic at a location associated with the impact of ...

Wireless Measuring System Based on Cochlea Principle for Acquiring Dynamic Response of Constructional Structure

Provided is a wireless measuring system based on a cochlea principle for acquiring a dynamic response of a constructional structure and capable of monitoring and controlling health of the constructional structure in real time by acquiring the dynamic response of the constructional structure in which irregular random vibrations occur, effectively compressing the acquired data, wirelessly transmitting a signal, and analyzing the transmitted signal. 1. A wireless measuring system based on a cochlea principle for acquiring a dynamic response of a constructional structure in order to evaluate health and a state of the constructional structure , comprising:a sensing unit including an acceleration sensor sensing vibrations of the constructional structure and deconstructing measured signals output from the acceleration sensor and having frequency components for each specific frequency component, reconstructing the deconstructed signals, and then sampling and compressing only peaks; anda main computer receiving the measured signals compressed by the sensing unit and monitoring and analyzing the health and the state of the constructional structure,wherein the sensing unit and the main computer transmit and receive signals using a wireless transmitting and receiving means.2. The wireless measuring system based on a cochlea principle for acquiring a dynamic response of a constructional structure of claim 1 , wherein the sensing unit has a program embedded therein claim 1 , the program being to perform:a deconstructing process of extracting signals in specific frequency ranges from the measured signals output from the acceleration sensor using a band pass filter unit including a plurality of band pass filters having different central frequencies or bandwidths,a reconstructing process of reconstructing filtered signals based on the central frequencies and the bandwidths of the plurality of band pass filters, anda compressing process of sampling peak data by applying a peak ...

FINGERPRINTING AND ANALYZING GEMSTONES

The embodiments disclosed herein relate to the examination of gemstones including diamonds, both cut/polished and rough, using the technology of Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy. The resonant frequencies are obtained by mechanically causing the stone to vibrate using a swept sine oscillator, sensing the resonance vibrations, and displaying the spectrum to yield a pattern describing the stone. The resonance fingerprints can be used to both track an individual stone to verify its integrity or to grade a rough stone to establish potential value. 1. A method , comprising: [ 'wherein the first input transducer is contacting a gemstone under evaluation;', 'sending an input signal to a first input transducer,'}, 'wherein the second receiver transducer is contacting the gemstone under evaluation;', 'receiving a resonance signal from a second receiver transducer,'}, 'stepping the input signal through a range of input frequencies;', 'receiving a range of received signals;, 'by a signal generator and a signal processor,'}processing, with algorithms, the range of received signals; andsending the processed range of received signals for the gemstone under evaluation to a computer for storage and display.2. The method of wherein the input signal is sent from the signal generator to the first transducer through an input amplifier; andwherein the received signal is received at the signal processor from the receiver transducer through a receiver amplifier.3. The method of wherein processing the received signal includes in-phase and quadrature components of the received signal.4. The method of wherein the signal processor includes a phase sensitive detector and digital signal processor.5. The method of wherein stepping the input signal through a range of input frequencies is stepped by 1 to 1000 Hz.6. The method of wherein the range of input frequencies is between 0.1 MHz and 4 MHz.7. The method of wherein the signal generator and the signal processor are configured on a chip claim 1 ...

Systems and Methods for Damage Detection

A system for detecting damage to a glass surface particularly vehicle glazing panels such as vehicle windscreens. The system uses a sensor unit disposed proximate the surface and a processor in communication with the sensor unit. The processor is configured to analyse data received from the sensor unit in order to determine the integrity of the surface and a communication unit is configured to output a signal in response to the processor determining that the surface has been damaged. For vehicle glass the system is preferably integrated into the vehicle management and control systems such that the system is active when the vehicle is active or moving. The management and or control system may monitor for instances or situations when changes, such as above threshold changes, occur in order to produce an output warning signal. 1. A system for detecting damage to a glass surface , the system comprising:a sensor unit disposed proximate the surface;a processor in communication with the sensor unit, wherein the processor is configured to analyze data received from the sensor unit to determine the integrity of the surface; anda communication unit configured to output a signal in response to the processor determining that the surface has been damaged.2. A damage detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the surface is a vehicle windscreen.3. A damage detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor unit comprises a microphone and the processor comprises a sound amplification and signal processing system.4. A damage detection system according to claim 3 , wherein the processor is configured to identify a plurality of predetermined sound signals indicative of damage events.5. A damage detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor unit comprises a camera arranged to image the surface and the processor comprises image processing software operable to analyze images received from the camera to identify any damage areas.6. A damage detection system ...

UTILITY POLE MONITORING SYSTEM AND DEVICE

A utility pole monitoring device comprising a body adapted to couple to a utility pole, a vibration device arranged on the body and configured to generate vibrations on or in the utility pole, a sensor arranged on the body for measuring the vibrations within the utility pole generated by the vibration device, and a controller for providing an initialization signal to the vibration device, and receive measured data from the sensor. 1. A utility pole monitoring device comprising:a body adapted to couple to a utility pole;a vibration device arranged on the body and configured to generate vibrations on or in the utility pole;a sensor arranged on the body for measuring the vibrations within the utility pole generated by the vibration device; anda controller for providing an initialization signal to the vibration device, and receive measured data from the sensor.2. The utility pole monitoring device of wherein the body is a ring comprising:a first ring section;a second ring section attached by a hinge to the first ring section; andwherein the first and second ring sections can be hinged open to locate the ring around the utility pole and hinged closed to surround the utility pole.3. The utility pole monitoring device as claimed in or claim 1 , wherein the vibration device is an impact unit configured to deliver an impact force to the utility pole.4. The utility pole monitoring device as claimed in claim 3 , wherein the impact unit comprises:a hammer for delivering the impact force to the utility pole; andan actuator for actuating the hammer.5. The utility pole monitoring device as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the actuator is a motor and the impact unit further comprises:a shaft attached to the hammer, forming a pivot for the hammer;a spring, attached to the shaft to bias the hammer toward a striking position;a cam arranged between the shaft and the motor, wherein rotation of the motor causes rotation of the cam and the shaft, actuating the hammer away from the striking ...

TESTING DEVICE

A cost of a testing device is reduced. A structure of a testing device is simplified. A testing device capable of testing with higher accuracy is provided. A testing device () has a structure including a sending unit (), a receiving unit (), a control unit (), and a display (). The control unit includes a memory portion () and an arithmetic portion (). The sending unit has a function of generating a pulse signal for a probe () to generate an ultrasonic wave (). The receiving unit has a function of generating a first signal including a first analog data (D) on the basis of the input single input from the probe. The memory portion has a function of storing the first analog data. The arithmetic portion has a function of generating an image signal (S0) output to the display on the basis of the first analog data stored in the memory portion. The display has a function of displaying an image based on the image signal. 1. A testing device comprising a sending unit , a receiving unit , a control unit , and a display ,wherein the control unit comprises a memory portion and an arithmetic portion,wherein the sending unit has a function of outputting a pulse signal for a probe to generate an ultrasonic wave,wherein the receiving unit has a function of generating a first signal including a first analog data on the basis of an input signal input from the probe and outputting it to the control unit,wherein the memory portion has a function of storing the first analog data,wherein the arithmetic portion has a function of generating an image signal output to the display on the basis of the first analog data stored in the memory portion, andwherein the display has a function of displaying an image based on the image signal.2. The testing device according to claim 1 ,wherein the receiving unit comprises an amplifier portion, andwherein the amplifier portion has a function of amplifying a potential of the input signal and generating a potential of the first analog data.3. The testing ...

System and method for evaluating a bond

A system for evaluating a bond includes a first electrode and a second electrode that are spaced apart from one another. The system also includes a sacrificial material layer positioned proximate to a surface of a bonded structure that includes the bond. The system also includes a power source configured to cause the first and second electrodes to generate an electrical arc that at least partially ablates the sacrificial material layer as part of a non-destructive inspection of the bond.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR NON-AUDIBLE SENSING OF A DEFIBRILLATOR STATUS INDICATOR

A monitoring device for monitoring the readiness state of an automated external defibrillator (AED) and communicating the state to a remote receiver is described. An associated method is described as well. The monitoring device captures a non-acoustic parameter related to the activation of the AED readiness state beeper. 1. A monitoring device for sensing an operating status of a defibrillator having an audible annunciator with a diaphragm , comprising:a sensor disposed adjacent the annunciator and operable to detect a non-audible parameter related to a diaphragm motion of the annunciator diaphragm;a hardware processor in electrical communication with the sensor; andan output in communication with the hardware processor for providing a signal indicative of the diaphragm motion.2. The monitoring device of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a capacitive sensor.3. The monitoring device of claim 2 , further comprising an electrically conductive decal adhered to the defibrillator on a defibrillator surface adjacent the annunciator claim 2 , wherein the sensor is disposed to detect an annunciator-induced vibration of the defibrillator surface.4. The monitoring device of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a temperature sensor claim 1 , and wherein the parameter is a temperature change induced by the motion of the diaphragm.5. The monitoring device of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises an optical sensor claim 1 , wherein the optical sensor is disposed to detect a change in reflectance of the diaphragm during the diaphragm motion.6. The monitoring device of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises an optical sensor and further comprising an optically reflective decal adhered to the defibrillator on a defibrillator surface adjacent the annunciator claim 1 , wherein the optical sensor is disposed to detect an annunciator-induced vibration of the defibrillator surface.7. The monitoring device of claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises an accelerometer that is arranged ...

METHOD FOR CHECKING A COMPONENT TO BE PRODUCED IN AN ADDITIVE MANNER, AND DEVICE

A method for checking a component to be produced in an additive manner, having the steps of mechanically exciting at least one additively constructed layer of the component during the additive production of the component, measuring a mechanical response signal of the component, and displaying a warning and/or interrupting the additive production of the component if the mechanical response signal lies outside of a specified tolerance range. A device for the additive production of a component, includes a device for mechanically exciting the at least one additively constructed layer of the component, a measuring unit for measuring the mechanical response signal of the component, and a control unit. The control unit is designed to display the warning and/or interrupt the additive production if the mechanical response signal lies outside of a specified tolerance range. 114.-. (canceled)15. A method for testing a component to be additively produced , comprising:mechanically exciting at least one additively constructed layer of the component together with a component substrate during an additive production of the component on the component substrate,measuring a mechanical response signal of the component wherein a characteristic frequency spectrum of the component is used for the mechanical excitation and the measurement of the mechanical response signal, anddisplaying a warning and/or carrying out a termination of the additive production of the component if the mechanical response signal lies outside a predetermined tolerance range,wherein the mechanical response signal is compared to a simulated or computed value for the display of the warning and/or the carrying out of the termination, andwherein the mechanical response signal is compared to a mechanical response signal of at least one previously additively constructed layer for the display of the warning and/or the carrying out of the termination.16. The method as claimed in claim 15 ,wherein the mechanical excitation ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING SIMULATED ULTRASOUND POROSITY WAVEFORMS

A system and method is disclosed for generating ultrasound results having a simulated level of porosity for a composite. Data for a set of composite coupons having different levels of porosity is obtained. An attenuation distribution function is fit to a back wall signal generated from the data for each coupon and a library of echo patterns based on such data is created. An interpolated attenuation distribution function is calculated based on an interpolation of two stored attenuation distribution functions having the closest porosity values to the selected level. A main attenuation distribution function value is assigned to one portion of a selected region in a zero porosity coupon and attenuation distribution functions values within a predetermined percentage of the main attenuation distribution function are assigned to other portions of the region. Waveforms associated with the portions are modified based on such values and selected echo patterns from the library. 1. A method for generating simulated ultrasound test results having a selected level of porosity for a particular material under test , comprising the steps of:selecting a region of ultrasound test results for a coupon among a set of coupons of a selected material, the selected region within a region of porosity below a predetermined minimum threshold, the selected region for adding a predetermined amount of simulated porosity, the region of the ultrasound test results comprising a plurality of ultrasound waveforms;calculating a main attenuation distribution function based on an interpolation of two of a set of stored attenuation distribution functions for the set of coupons, one of the two stored attenuation distribution functions for a coupon in the set of coupons having a porosity less than the predetermined amount of simulated porosity and the other of the two stored attenuation distribution functions for a coupon in the set of coupons having a porosity greater than predetermined amount of simulated ...

System to automate a non-destructive test for stress or stress change using unmanned aerial vehicle and ultrasound

This invention discloses a system to automate a non-destructive test (NDT) for measuring stress or stress change developed within an object during a certain time period by using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and ultrasound technique. The system comprises a ground control station (GCS), UAVs and reference positioning modules as its basis. Given a test plan containing test points over a surface of a test object in 3D point coordinates, UAVs can fly autonomously to the points and perform ultrasound measurements on them with a single or a plurality of ultrasound transducers in an automated manner. Moreover, after receiving trigger signals from the GCS, a UAV can also perform the flight and the measurement synchronously with other UAVs. After a measurement, an acquired ultrasound echo signal is taken with another echo signal acquired at a different time point to compute stress or stress change. 1. A system to automate a non-destructive test for stress or stress change developed within an object , comprises: 1. the station transmits a test plan, including a single or a plurality of autopilot flight control commands, to a single or a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles;', '2. the station receives the flight state of a single or a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles;', '3. the station receives and stores ultrasound echo signals or a stress map from a single or a plurality of unmanned aerial vehicles;', '4. the station retrieves ultrasound echo signals acquired at different time points from a storage and computes stress or stress change from the temporal ultrasound velocity changes with the signals for creating a stress map;, 'wherein the station comprises the following properties, 'ground control station;'} 1. the vehicle comprises a single or a plurality of ultrasound transducers for a non-destructive test;', '2. the vehicle flies autonomously to a hold point located near above a surface of a test object;', '3. the vehicle comprises a single or a plurality of distance ...

Integration of Digital Image Correlation with Acoustic Emission

An inventive approach is disclosed to integrate Digital Image Correlation (DIC) with the Acoustic Emission method that may be used for structural health monitoring and assessment of critical structural components in civil, mechanical, and aerospace industries. The inventive approach relies on passively recording acoustic emission across the specimen being tested and activating the DIC cameras automatically to measure deformation on the specimen's surface. The resulting acousto-optic system can be used to determine damage initiation, progressive damage development, identify critical regions and make lifetime predictions of the tested specimen. 1. A nondestructive method of determining the structural integrity of a specimen as a load is applied to the specimen , the method comprising the steps of:attaching at least one acoustic sensor to the specimen;applying a contrasting pattern on the surface of the specimen;calibrating a pair of stereoscopic cameras at the contrasting pattern;passively recording acoustic stress waves propagating in the specimen in an Acoustic Emission (AE) system electronically coupled to the at least one acoustic sensor;triggering operation of the cameras by the AE system;measuring deformation in the specimen based on load-induced movement of the contrasting pattern in a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system, the DIC system being electronically coupled to the cameras; andcorrelating acoustic stress waves and strain data to determine the structural health of the specimen.2. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising claim 1 , after calibrating the cameras at the contrasting pattern claim 1 , applying a load to the specimen.3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the load applying step comprises attaching the specimen to a load applying test stand.4. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the at least one acoustic sensor and the cameras are electrically connected to the test stand.5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein a ...

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR AN INSPECTION DEVICE

An inspection device for inspecting storage silos having mobile body with a tray portion for holding internal components for powering and controlling the inspection device, such as a control circuit and power source. Pairs of spaced apart in-line drive wheels are mounted to the tray portion. An external equipment mounting location (space) is provided between the pairs of drive wheels. A universal wiring harness is located within the tray portion and extends to the external mounting location such that at least two non-identical items of inspection equipment can be interchangeably mounted to the mobile body and connected to the wiring harness. A top portion may be secured over the tray portion to enclose the internal components. Optional fenders may be secured over the wheels and external equipment. Preferably, the external equipment can be swapped without having to remove the top portion from the tray portion. 1. An inspection device for inspecting storage silos comprising:a mobile body having a tray portion;an equipment mounting location disposed on an exterior surface of the mobile body and sized and configured to enable at item of inspection equipment to be removably mounted to the mobile body and accessed and exchanged with another item of inspection equipment from outside the mobile body;a power source located within the mobile body for supplying power to the mobile body and to the item of inspection equipment mounted to the equipment mounting location;a control circuit located within the mobile body for at least partially controlling movement of the mobile body and operating the item of inspection equipment; anda wiring harness located within the tray portion configured to connect with the item of inspection equipment and operable to form an electrical circuit comprising the inspection equipment mounted to the mobile body at the equipment mounting location, the control circuit, and the power source.2. The inspection device of wherein the mobile body may be ...

Determination assist system of ultrasonic testing, determination assist method of ultrasonic testing, determination assist program of ultrasonic testing, and computer-readable storage medium for storing determination assist program of ultrasonic testing

A determination assist system including a first image generating section for generating a first planar image based on data of a first test index; a second image generating section for generating a second planar image based on data of a second test index; a differentiation section which differentiates the first planar image and the second planar image to generate a first differential image and a second differential image, respectively; a binarization section which binarizes the first differential image to generate a first binary image including a first region which is not less than a first threshold and a second region, which is less than the first threshold, and binarizes the second differential image to generate a second binary image including a third region which is not less than a second threshold and a fourth region which is less than the second threshold; and a determination image generating section.

ADHESIVE BOND TEST RESONANCE ARRAY

An adhesive bond test resonance array provides inspection of adhesively bonded composite laminate structures with improved productivity and higher reliability. A holder has multiple slots arranged in a two-dimensional array for holding transducers in respective slots. The holder is adapted to position a probe end of each of the transducers adjacent a component for scanning and has a material hardness adapted for enabling flexing while scanning curved composite parts. A fluid channel is adapted for delivering a couplant to the probe end of the transducers such that the couplant is automatically delivered during scanning of the component to inspect bond integrity. 1. An adhesive bond test resonance array , comprising:a holder having a plurality of slots arranged in a two-dimensional array;a plurality of transducers each disposed in the plurality of slots, respectively, the holder being adapted to position a probe end of each of the plurality of transducers adjacent a component for scanning; anda fluid channel adapted for delivering a couplant to the probe end of the plurality of transducers such that the couplant is automatically delivered during scanning of the component.2. The adhesive bond test resonance array of claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional array comprises an irregular pattern to reduce an overall footprint of the array claim 1 , the irregular pattern being compact for scanning close to component edges and irregular geometrical features.3. The adhesive bond test resonance array of claim 1 , wherein the holder is adapted to provide enough rigidity for supporting closely spaced transducers claim 1 , while also being adapted to provide enough flexibility for flexing with contours of curved components.4. The adhesive bond test resonance array of claim 1 , the holder comprising:a receiving side adapted for receiving the plurality of transducers into the respective plurality of slots;an interface side, opposite the receiving side, adapted for interfacing with a ...

Detection system, detection device, and detection method

According to one embodiment, a detection system of an embodiment includes a sensor configured to detect elastic waves and a determiner. The determiner determines a region where an elastic wave generation source is positioned on the basis of waveform information if the waveform information including a plurality of peak groups related to one elastic wave is included in a detection result of the sensor.

METHOD OF DETECTING CRACK PROPAGATION IN WALL OF A METALLURGICAL FURNACE AND A DETECTION UNIT

The present disclosure relates to a method of detecting crack propagation in a wall of a metallurgical furnace by a detection unit. The detection unit is configured to extract one or more dominant frequency parameters from the corresponding reflected stress signal, and analysing, a phase from each dominant frequency parameters. The analysing of the phase comprises determines, one or more coefficients for each dominant frequency parameters. The detection unit then identifies, a dominant phase based on the corresponding one or more coefficients and selects a frequency relevant to a thickness parameter based on the dominant phase. The crack propagation in the wall of the metallurgical furnace is then detected based on the frequency relevant to the thickness parameter at each of the one or more locations. The present disclosure provides an accurate method for determining condition of refractory lining by elimination unwanted noise signals. 1. A method of detecting crack propagation in a wall of a metallurgical furnace by a detection unit , comprising:transmitting, by a signal generating unit of the detection unit, a stress signal into the wall, at one or more locations on the wall of the metallurgical furnace;receiving, by the detection unit, a reflected stress signal from each of the one or more locations based on the corresponding stress signal;{'sub': 'd', 'extracting, by the detection unit, one or more dominant frequency parameter (f) from the corresponding reflected stress signal, from each of the one or more locations; and'}{'sub': 'd', 'claim-text': [{'sub': 'd', 'determining, by the detection unit, one or more coefficients (Y) for each of the one or more dominant frequency parameters (f) based on the reflected stress signal and a reference signal;'}, {'sub': d', 'd, 'identifying, by the detection unit, a dominant phase (Ø) for each of the one or more dominant frequency parameters (f) based on the corresponding one or more coefficients (Y),'}, {'sub': t', 'd', 'd ...

SMALL-DIAMETER WIRE/ROD/TUBE ULTRASONIC DETECTION SYSTEM WITHOUT END BLIND AREA

The present invention aims at providing a small-diameter wire/rod/tube ultrasonic detector with an end blind area and an automatic ultrasonic nondestructive detecting system, wherein a sealing cover of the ultrasonic detector is located on a water storage device; an annular array unit mounting rack and a water pump are fixed in the water storage device, and an annular array detecting unit is connected to the annular array unit mounting rack; the water pump is connected to an input end of water circulation input and output; a sensor is mounted in one side of the sealing cover in which a detected material is allowed to enter; the annular array detecting unit comprises an outer ring part and an inner ring part, and the outer ring part and the inner ring part are connected into a whole by means of a wire inlet side end cover and a wire outlet side end cover; the outer ring part consists of an outer ring substrate and an outer ring arraying probe, and the inner ring part consists of an inner ring inner core and an inner ring inner core locking ring. The ultrasonic detector in the present invention has unique “acoustic eye” structure characteristics, changes the mode of ultrasonic waves entering the detected material, and can effectively eliminate the end detection blind area of the wire/rod/tube. 110-. (canceled)11. An ultrasonic detector , comprising:a water storage device;a sealing cover provided on the water storage device for sealing the water storage device;an annular array unit mounting rack;an annular array detecting unit; anda sensor mounted at an outside of the sealing cover for determining the positions of the head portion and the tail portion of the material to be detected, wherein the annular array unit mounting rack are fixed inside the water storage device and the annular array detecting unit is connected to the annular array unit mounting rack, wherein the annular array detecting unit comprises an outer ring and an inner ring, wherein the outer ring and ...

Method For Measuring Thickness Of Carbon Fiber Components Using Ultrasounds

The present disclosure refers to a method for measuring thickness in any type of carbon fiber component, even in components having parts with different thickness and integrating at least a second material. The method includes measuring with the maximum and minimum real thickness of the component, and measuring with ultrasonic equipment the time that the ultrasound takes to propagate across the component part with maximum and with minimum thickness, calculating a thickness correction value, and calculating an ultrasound test speed from said thickness correction value, said measured times, and said measured maximum and minimum real thickness. Then, the total thickness of each of the parts of the component are measured, using ultrasounds with the same calculated ultrasound test speed, and the thickness correction value is applied to each of the measuring total thickness of each part, to determine a corrected carbon fiber thickness for each part. 1. A method for measuring carbon fiber thickness , in a carbon fiber component having parts with different thickness and integrating at least a second material , the method comprising the steps of:measuring with a micrometer a maximum real thickness and a minimum real thickness of the carbon fiber component;measuring with an automatic ultrasonic equipment, a time that an ultrasound takes to propagate across the carbon fiber component part with the maximum real thickness and the carbon fiber component part with the minimum real thickness;calculating an optimum ultrasonic test speed and a thickness correction value for the carbon fiber component;wherein the thickness correction value and the optimum ultrasound test speed are determined using the time that the ultrasound takes to propagate across the carbon fiber component part with the maximum real thickness and the carbon fiber component part with minimum real thickness, and the maximum measured real thickness and the minimum measured real thickness;measuring a total thickness ...

NON-CONTACT DURABILITY DIAGNOSIS APPARATUS AND METHOD

A non-contact durability diagnosis apparatus includes: (a) applying non-contactly and sequentially at least two excitation ultrasonic waves to an object and storing frequency signals generated from the object; (b) applying non-contactly and simultaneously the at least two excitation ultrasonic waves to the object and storing frequency signals generated from the object; (c) storing derived frequency signals remaining after removing an overlapping portion of the frequency signals of step (a) and the frequency signals of step (b); and (d) determining that the object is damaged when at least one of the generated frequency signals of step (c) is larger than a predetermined value. 1. A non-contact durability diagnosis method comprising:(a) applying non-contactly and sequentially at least two excitation ultrasonic waves to an object and storing frequency signals generated from the object;(b) applying non-contactly and simultaneously the at least two excitation ultrasonic waves to the object and storing frequency signals generated from the object;(c) storing derived frequency signals remaining after removing an overlapping portion of the frequency signals of step (a) and the frequency signals of step (b); and(d) determining that the object is damaged when at least one of the generated frequency signals of step (c) is larger than a predetermined value.2. The non-contact durability diagnosis method of claim 1 , wherein: (a-1) applying sequentially a first excitation ultrasonic wave and a second excitation ultrasonic wave having a frequency different than a frequency of the first excitation ultrasonic wave; and', '(a-2) measuring and storing a first frequency signal generated from the object by the first excitation ultrasonic wave and a second frequency signal generated from the object by the second excitation ultrasonic wave., 'step (a) further comprises3. The non-contact durability diagnosis method of claim 2 , wherein: (b-1) applying non-contactly and simultaneously the ...

SECURITY SUBSTRATE, AND METHOD FOR AUTHENTICATION AND FOR REVEALING ATTEMPTS AT FORGERY

A security substrate may include at least one area for authentication and/or for revealing attempts at forgery using solvents. The at least one area may include individualized polymer- or copolymer-based particles comprising at least one visible or detectable marker. The polymer or copolymer may be at least partially soluble in solvents used for forgery. 121-. (canceled)22. A security substrate comprising:at least one area for authentication and/or for revealing attempts at forgery using solvents, wherein the at least one area comprises individualized polymer- or copolymer-based particles comprising at least one visible or detectable marker, and wherein the polymer or copolymer is at least partially soluble in solvents used for forgery.23. The security substrate of claim 22 , wherein the solvents are nonpolar.24. The security substrate of claim 22 , wherein claim 22 , if the marker is not visible or detectable claim 22 , the security substrate is not authentic and/or has been forged.25. The security substrate of claim 22 , wherein the at least one area for authentication and/or for revealing attempts at forgery using solvents is positioned in a body and/or at a surface of the security substrate.26. The security substrate of claim 22 , wherein the individualized particles comprise a single type of polymer or a mixture of polymers having differing solubilities in solvents used for forgery.27. The security substrate of claim 22 , wherein the individualized particles comprise at least one polymer which is soluble in polar or nonpolar solvents.28. The security substrate of claim 27 , wherein the at least one polymer is soluble in nonpolar solvents.29. The security substrate of claim 28 , wherein the at least one polymer is soluble in hydrocarbon-based nonpolar solvents.30. The security substrate of claim 29 , wherein the at least one polymer is soluble in at least one of alcohols claim 29 , ketones claim 29 , esters claim 29 , halogenated solvents claim 29 , amines claim ...

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE ULTRASOUND INSPECTION OF STRUCTURES MADE OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL

A device and method for detecting delamination in a panel of laminated composite. The device comprises an ultrasonic probe with a plurality of elementary transducers, an electronic device in communication with the elementary transducers, and a display device. The transducers emit an ultrasonic pulse and receive a pulse reflected by an element in the panel. The received pulses are grouped into clusters of healthy, or non-damaged, zones and damaged zones. The dimensions of the damaged zones are based upon the limits formed by healthy zones. A display of the defect with dimensions is produced on the display device. A scale image of the defect with dimensions, via paper or digital overlay, can be placed on the panel. 1. A diagnostic device for detecting defects in a thickness of a laminated composite panel , the device comprising:an ultrasonic probe comprising a wheel housing a plurality of elementary transducers, wherein the wheel is configured to be placed into contact with a laminated composite panel;an electronic device, in communication with each of said transducers, and configured to control emission and reception of ultrasonic pulses by said probe by the activation of at least one of the elementary transducers; and,a display device, in communication with the electronic device, and configured to analyze reflections of ultrasonic signals received by the elementary transducers during an inspection of said laminated composite panel in order to detect a defect and, the display device being configured to display, on a display screen, at least one dimension of the defect.2. The diagnostic device of wherein the display device is configured to display claim 1 , on the display screen claim 1 , information associated with checking of the elementary transducers of the probe.3. The diagnostic device of wherein the display device is configured to display claim 1 , on the display screen claim 1 , three dimensions of the defect.4. The diagnostic device of claim 3 , wherein the ...

An In-Line, Contactless and Non-Destructive Method and System for Detecting Defects in a Moving Cardboard Structure

An in-line, contactless and non-destructive method for detecting and identifying defects in a moving cardboard structure is provided, as well as the associated system. The cardboard structure is of the type made of layered paper plies, such as cardboard tubes for example. The method includes the steps of emitting acoustic waves with predetermined frequencies toward the moving cardboard structure. The acoustic waves are converted into mechanical waves propagating through the moving cardboard structure. The method also includes a step of capturing the acoustic waves propagated, wherein said captured acoustic waves result from a conversion of the propagated mechanical waves through the moving cardboard structure. The method also provides steps of analyzing the captured acoustic waves; and detecting and identifying defects in the moving laminated cardboard structure based on predetermined propagation properties measured from the captured acoustic waves. 1. An in-line , contactless and non-destructive method for detecting and identifying defects in a moving laminated cardboard tube made of layers of spirally wound paper plies , the method comprising the steps of:emitting acoustic waves with predetermined frequencies in an airspace toward the moving laminated cardboard tube at a first location, the acoustic waves being converted into mechanical waves propagating through the moving laminated cardboard tube;capturing the acoustic waves propagated in the airspace at a second location, spaced away from the first location, wherein said captured acoustic waves result from a conversion of the propagated mechanical waves through the moving laminated cardboard tube;analyzing the captured acoustic waves; anddetecting and identifying defects in the moving laminated cardboard tube based on predetermined propagation properties measured from the captured acoustic waves.2. (canceled)3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the moving laminated cardboard tube has a lengthwise axis ...

REMOTE WIDE BANDWIDTH ULTRASONIC INSPECTION METHOD AND APPARATUS

Methods, systems, and apparatuses are disclosed for non-destructively inspecting a substrate by measuring the Doppler effect in sound waves comprising wide bandwidth ultrasound wavelengths generated from a piezoelectric polymer coating material with the sound waves read by a laser in communication with a Doppler velocity meter. 1. A method for non-destructively inspecting a substrate comprising:applying a piezoelectric polymer coating material to a substrate, said substrate comprising a substrate surface;orienting at least one electrode in communication with the piezoelectric polymer coating material;applying a current from a power source to the electrode;generating sound waves from the piezoelectric polymer coating material, said sound waves comprising wide bandwidth ultrasound wavelengths;transmitting a read beam from a laser, said laser positioned remotely from the substrate at a predetermined distance away from the substrate, and wherein said read beam engages the wide bandwidth ultrasound wavelengths;reflecting the read beam from the substrate to form a reflected read beam;receiving the reflected read beam at a receiver, said receiver configured to be in communication with the laser, wherein the reflected read beam comprises a reflected beam signal;interpreting the reflected read beam by generating a read beam signal from the receiver; anddetermining a characteristic of the substrate based upon the read beam signal.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the receiver is in communication with a Doppler velocity meter claim 1 , and wherein the characteristic of the substrate determined based upon the read signal beam comprises determining an amount of Doppler shift.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:{'b': '202', 'non-destructively determining a presence of anomalies in the substrate by comparing a known wide bandwidth ultrasound wavelength to a wide bandwidth ultrasound signal read by the read beam and received by the receiver.'}4. The method of wherein the ...

Ultrasonic Inspection Using Flexible Two-Dimensional Array Applied on Surface of Article

Methods for ultrasonic inspection of a structure by laying a flexible two-dimensional flexible ultrasonic transducer array over a damage site on the structure with minimal physical interaction with the array during set-up and without further movement of the array during data acquisition. In addition, the array may remain in place on a difficult-to-access surface to enable easy periodic inspections over a long period of time. In some embodiments, the array is sandwiched between a flexible delay line substrate and a flexible display panel. In accordance with one wireless embodiment, a GPS receiver, a transceiver, pulser/receiver circuitry, and a source of electrical power (e.g., a battery) are attached to a portion of the flexible delay line substrate that extends beyond one edge of the array.

Two-Dimensional Array Depression Profiler and Measurement Device

Example systems and methods for non-destructive evaluation of depressions on a surface of an object are provided. One example system includes a measurement apparatus having a two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer array, a delay line material, a sealing member position such that the sealing member forms a cavity between the delay line material and a surface of the object, and a liquid inlet for injecting a liquid into the cavity. The example system also includes a processor configured to determine, using ultrasonic signals received from the two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer array, at least one property of a depression such as a dent on the surface of an object. The example system may also be configured to provide an output that is indicative of whether the at least one property of the depression satisfies a predetermined criterion. Another example system includes a compressible elastomeric delay line material that conforms to a surface of an object. 1. A system for non-destructive evaluation of depressions on a surface of an object , the system comprising: a two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer array,', 'a delay line material coupled to the two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer array,', 'a sealing member positioned such that the sealing member forms a cavity between the delay line material and the surface of the object when the measurement apparatus is placed onto the surface of the object, and', 'a liquid inlet for injecting a liquid into the cavity; and, 'a measurement apparatus comprisinga processor configured to determine, using ultrasonic signals received from the two-dimensional ultrasonic transducer array, at least one property of a depression on the surface of the object.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an output component claim 1 , determine whether the at least one property of the depression satisfies at least one predetermined criterion, and', 'cause the output component to provide an output that is indicative of whether the at least one ...

METHOD FOR CHARACTERISING THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF CEMENTS

The present invention relates to a method for determining mechanical parameters of a cementitious system, on the basis of time, and on the basis of the fineness of the cementitious system, pressure and/or temperature, representative of the in situ conditions found in wellbores. The initial composition of the cementitious system, the fineness Φ thereof and the speed of the compression waves on the basis of time V(t) are the only input data of the method. Said method comprises: a step A of estimating the degree of hydration of the cementitious system on the basis of time α(t) from Vp(t), at a pressure P1 and a temperature T1; a step B wherein α(t) is determined on the basis of desired values of fineness Φn of the cementitious system, pressure Pn and/or temperature Tn; a step C wherein the composition of the cementitious system is determined on the basis of time C(t) and on the basis of desired values of fineness Φn of the cementitious system, pressure Pn and/or temperature Tn from α(t) determined in step B; and a step D of determining at least one mechanical parameter of the cementitious system on the basis of time and on the basis of desired values of fineness Φn of the cementitious system, pressure Pn and/or temperature Tn, from C(t) determined in step C. According to the method of the invention, these parameters can be determined while the cementitious system is still very young. In particular, the parameters of static deformability and hydro-mechanical coupling parameters are determined by the method according to the invention. 1. A method for determining mechanical parameters of a cement system of initial composition Cand of fineness Φ , as a function of time , and as a function of the fineness of the cement system , pressure and/or temperature , comprising the following steps:{'sub': p', '1', '1, '(A) determining the degree of hydration of the cement system as a function of time α(t) from the velocity of the compression waves as a function of time V(t) measured ...

SIGNAL PROCESSING

A method of processing a signal is disclosed. The method comprises receiving a signal obtained from measuring a structure under a given set of environmental and/or operational conditions, the signal comprising a set of amplitude values which depend on position in the signal and adjusting the amplitude value each of at least two of the amplitude values independently according to the position of the amplitude value in the signal and according to the given environmental and/or operational conditions. 1. A method comprising:receiving a signal obtained from measuring a structure under a given set of environmental and/or operational conditions, the signal comprising a set of amplitude values which depend on position in the signal; andadjusting the amplitude value of each of at least two of the amplitude values independently according to the position of the amplitude value in the signal and according to the given environmental and/or operational conditions.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the set of environmental conditions includes a temperature.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the signal is a one-dimensional signal.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the signal is a two-dimensional signal.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the position in the signal corresponds uniquely to a position in the structure.6. The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting each of the at least two amplitude values independently according to position in the signal comprises adjusting a majority claim 1 , substantially all or all of the amplitude values in the signal.7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the signal is obtained from an elastic wave measurement of the structure.8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the elastic wave is an ultrasonic wave.9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the signal is obtained from a guided wave measurement of the structure.10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the signal is obtained from a bulk wave measurement of the structure.11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising ...

ULTRASONIC TESTING DEVICE AND METHOD

An ultrasonic testing device that can make a robotic testing system reach the surface of a complex curved composite workpiece that is not easy to reach and perform a quality testing. By pumping a coupling liquid into the device so that the coupling liquid enters a waveguide and jets onto the surface of the workpiece, an ultrasonic wave can be transmitted in the waveguide and reach the surface of the workpiece and penetrate the workpiece, thereby achieving the purpose of quality testing of the workpiece. By providing two ultrasonic testing devices without a waveguide on both sides of a tested workpiece, respectively, and by mounting the waveguide on one side or both sides of the ultrasonic testing devices, it is possible to transmit the ultrasonic waves to the surface of the workpiece or to receive the ultrasonic waves from the surface of the workpiece. 1. An ultrasonic testing device including an ultrasonic transducer provided with a step , comprising:a liquid storage chamber provided with a liquid inlet on a side thereof, the liquid inlet being communicated with a hollow body of the liquid storage chamber, wherein a head portion of the ultrasonic transducer passes through an end of the liquid storage chamber and the step is pressed against the end of the liquid storage chamber;an ultrasonic transducer gland provided with a gland circular groove on an end thereof, wherein a tail portion of the ultrasonic transducer passes through the ultrasonic transducer gland and the step is arranged in the gland circular groove;an ultrasonic transducer holder disposed at a tail portion of the ultrasonic transducer, wherein the ultrasonic transducer holder is fixedly connected with the ultrasonic transducer gland and the liquid storage chamber;a jet head provided with a jet nozzle on an end thereof, wherein the other end of the jet head is fixedly connected to and communicated with the other end of the liquid storage chamber;a liquid spoiler arranged in the liquid storage chamber ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF CAPTURING TRANSIENT ELASTIC VIBRATIONS IN BODIES USING ARRAYS OF TRANSDUCERS FOR INCREASED SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO AND SOURCE DIRECTIONALITY

Provided herein are systems and methods for real time processing of signals from an array of transducers for detecting transient elastic waves originating from unknown locations in a body, which may propagate in a dispersive fashion. The systems and methods allow real time combination and analysis of signals, including decisions regarding storage as new data is received. The methods described herein include designing arrays of detectors and methods for processing signals in real time given the constraints of the body under test determining whether to store the set of information while a new set of information is received for processing within a real time environment. The methods described herein include methods which result in the determination or small time shifts which place all signals into a coherent time base which are then combined achieving a composite waveform that possesses an increased signal-to-noise ratio over any single element. 1. A method comprising:determining in real time whether to store in a computer memory a first set of samples from a plurality of signals from a multi-element transducer array that is coupled to a body of material under test within a real time processing environment, wherein:(a) the first set of samples represents a first time range and ends with a first boundary set of samples that are later also processed along with a second set of samples representing the plurality of signals for a second time range possessing a necessary overlap at the end of the first time range, thereby creating an overlapping plurality of processed samples including samples that are processed with the first set of samples and processed with the second set of samples; i. sensed by a first portion of the multi-element transducer array during the first time range; and', 'ii. sensed by a second portion of the multi-element transducer array during the second time range;, '(b) wherein the overlapping plurality of processed samples is sufficient to capture in the ...

Photoacoustic measurement device and probe for photoacoustic measurement device

An object of the invention is to reduce the size of a probe for a photoacoustic measurement device. A light guide 71 is arranged such that one of a two side surfaces 71 a is closer to a probe axis C which faces a subject than the other side surface and a light emission end surface 71 c is closer to the probe axis C than a light incident end surface 71 b when the probe is used. When a refractive index of the light guide 71 with respect to the light is n1 and a refractive index of a medium around the light guide with respect to the light during photoacoustic measurement is n2 (n2<n1), the light emission end surface 71 c is obliquely formed such that an angle α[°] (where 90°−arcsin(n2/n1)<α<90°) is formed between the light emission end surface 71 c and the side surface 71 a.

DIE ABNORMALITY PREDICTION SYSTEM, PRESS MACHINE PROVIDED WITH THE SAME, AND DIE ABNORMALITY PREDICTION METHOD

Provided is an abnormality prediction system and an abnormality prediction method that are capable of predicting an abnormality occurring in a die that is used in a press machine. A die abnormality prediction system () includes: an acoustic emission (AE) sensor () configured to detect an elastic wave that occurs in a processing portion of a die during processing performed by a press machine using the die; a stamping load detection sensor () configured to detect a parameter (a stamping load) other than a parameter regarding the elastic wave, out of parameters regarding a state of the die during the processing performed by the press machine using the die; a score calculation unit () configured to calculate an abnormality prediction score of the die based on an output signal from the AE sensor () and an output signal from the stamping load detection sensor (); and an abnormality prediction unit () configured to predict an abnormality occurring in the die, based on a result of the calculation performed by the score calculation unit (). 1. A die abnormality prediction system for predicting an abnormality in a die that is used in a press machine , comprising:an acoustic emission (AE) sensor configured to detect an elastic wave that occurs in a processing portion of the die during stamping performed by the press machine using the die;a stamping state detection unit configured to detect a parameter other than a parameter regarding the elastic wave, out of parameters regarding a state of the die during the stamping performed by the press machine using the die;a score calculation unit configured to calculate an abnormality prediction score of the die based on an output signal from the AE sensor and an output signal from the stamping state detection unit; andan abnormality prediction unit configured to predict an abnormality occurring in the die, based on a result of the calculation performed by the score calculation unit.2. The die abnormality prediction system according to ...

METHODS AND DEVICE FOR CHECKING VALUE DOCUMENTS

A method for examining a value document includes emitting ultrasonic pulses onto several locations on the value document. An echo pulse arises by reflection of at least a portion of a respective ultrasonic pulse at the value document. The echo pulses are received while forming echo values, and from the echo values at least a characteristic value is established as to the wrinkledness of the value document. As apparatus is provided for carrying out the method. 120.-. (canceled)21. A method for examining a value document , in whichultrasonic pulses are emitted onto several locations on the value document, and respectively an echo pulse arises by reflection of at least a portion of a respective ultrasonic pulse at the value document,the echo pulses are received while forming echo values, andfrom the echo values at least a characteristic value is established as to the wrinkledness of the value document.22. The method according to claim 21 , in which upon establishing the characteristic value for a distribution of the echo values claim 21 , a value is established which is a measure for the position of an asymmetric distribution.23. The method according to claim 22 , in which a p quantile for a numeral p with 0.4 Подробнее

Systems, devices, and methods for generating a digital model of a structure

Methods and systems for generating a digital model of a structure indicate one or more characteristics of the structure in the model of the structure.

SUPPORT STRUCTURE LOCATION AND LOAD MEASUREMENT

A tool may be inserted into the pressure tube inside a calandria tube of a fuel channel of a nuclear reactor. Once in position, the tool may act to generate information useful for determining a location for an annulus spacer. Once the annulus spacer has been located, the tool may act to generate information useful for determining a compressive load on the annulus spacer due to the annulus spacer being pinched between the two tubes. In both the locating and the load determining, the tool may act to isolate a section of the pressure tube, excite the isolated section of the pressure tube with vibrations and measure resultant tube vibrations. Tube vibration characteristics, determined from the vibrations, may then be analyzed to determine an axial location along the pressure tube for the annulus spacer and/or determine a load on the annulus spacer. 1. A tool adapted to be positioned within a tube , the tool comprising:a tool body;a first clamping block assembly located at a first end of the tool body, the first clamping block assembly including first clamping members that, when actuated, apply pressure against an inside surface of the tube;a second clamping block assembly located at a second end of the tool body, the first clamping block assembly including second clamping members that, when actuated, apply pressure against the inside surface of the tube;a bearing pad mounted so as to contact the inside surface of the tube when the tool has been positioned within the tube;an actuator adapted to apply, via the bearing pad, a vibratory force to the inside surface of the tube when the tool has been positioned within the tube;a first accelerometer mounted to the tool body, the first accelerometer adapted to contact the inside surface of the tube at a first circumferential position when the tool has been positioned within the tube;a second accelerometer mounted to the tool body, the second accelerometer adapted to contact the inside surface of the tube at a second ...

Automatic calibration method for checking by ultrasound a composite material structure during production

A monitoring system comprising ultrasound sensors to monitor the structure of a composite material part during production is automatically calibrated using reference sensors mounted on reference blocks and placed in the production environment of the part. The automatic calibration comprises actuating a reference sensor to transmit an ultrasonic wave and measuring the amplitude of a reference echo constituted by the transmitted ultrasonic wave after it has passed through the reference block. The measured amplitude is compared to a set point value and the gain is applied to the reference sensor to obtain an amplitude value of the reference echo substantially equal to the set point value. The gain applied to the reference sensor is applied to the ultrasound sensors of the same type as the reference sensor. The operation is performed for each reference sensor, and successively for all of the stages of production of the part.

SPECIALLY DESIGNED PHASED ARRAY TRANSDUCER FOR THE INSPECTION OF FASTENER HOLES AND ADJACENT STRUCTURE WITHOUT THE REMOVAL OF THE FASTENER

A phased array transducer for inspecting a fastener hole and adjacent structure to identify defects and determine hole integrity without removing the fastener from the hole. The phased array transducer includes a plurality of transducer elements, where one of the transducer elements is used to align the transducer to the hole, one group of the remaining transducer elements inspects the entire thickness of the structure at one side of the fastener and another group of the remaining transducer elements inspects the entire thickness of the structure at an opposite side of the fastener. 1. A phased array transducer for inspecting a fastener hole and adjacent structure without removing a fastener from the hole , said transducer comprising:a body including a upper body portion and a lower body portion; anda plurality of transducer elements positioned in the body, wherein at least one of the transducer elements is a centering transducer element that locates the center of the hole or fastener, said plurality of transducer elements also including two groups of inspection transducer elements, where a first group of the inspection transducer elements inspects one side of the hole and a second group of the inspection transducer elements inspects an opposite side of the hole.2. The transducer according to wherein the body includes a semi-circular cut-out section configured to accept a portion of the fastener.3. The transducer according to wherein the lower body portion is made of a clear or translucent plastic.4. The transducer according to wherein the body is rectangular.5. The transducer according to wherein the plurality of inspection transducer elements is thirty-two transducer elements claim 1 , where the first group of inspection transducer elements is sixteen elements and the second group of inspection transducer elements is sixteen elements.6. The transducer according to further comprising a magnet positioned in the lower body portion.7. The transducer according to ...

Systems for quality monitoring of additive manufacturing

A system for quality monitoring of additive manufacturing includes an acoustic emission (AE) sensor configured to be attached to an additive manufacturing substrate and to output a sensor signal indicative of acoustic vibrations received at the AE sensor and an AE module. The AE module is configured to receive the sensor signal from the AE sensor and process the sensor signal to determine at least one characteristic of an additive manufacturing process and/or an additively manufactured article.

Device and method for detecting defect in main shaft of wind turbine

The present disclosure provides a device and method for detecting a defect in a main shaft of a wind turbine. The device includes: an excitation source, configured to generate an electromagnetic ultrasonic guided wave signal; a nickel strap, magnetized and disposed on an outer surface of an end of the main shaft; a coil, disposed at the nickel strap, configured to receive the electromagnetic ultrasonic guided wave signal such that the electromagnetic ultrasonic guided wave signal propagates in the main shaft, the coil and the nickel strap being configured to transform the electromagnetic ultrasonic guided wave signal propagating in the main shaft into an electrical signal by electromagnetic induction; a signal collector, configured to collect the electrical signal and transform the electrical signal into guided wave detection data and a wireless communication component, configured to transmit the guided wave detection data to a remote equipment.

Coordinated Water Environment Mobile Robots

A two-part, selectively dockable robotic system having counterbalanced stabilization during performance of an operation on an underwater target structure is provided. The robotic system includes a first underwater robotic vehicle that is sized and shaped to at least partially surround the underwater target structure. A second underwater robotic vehicle is sized and shaped to at least partially surround the underwater target structure and selectively dock with the first underwater robotic vehicle. The first and second robotic vehicles include complimentary docking mechanisms that permit the vehicles to selectively couple to each other with the underwater target structure disposed at least partially therebetween. One robot includes a tool that can act upon the target structure and the other robot includes a stabilization module that can act upon the target structure in an opposite manner in order to counterbalance the force of the tool. 1. A two-part , selectively dockable robotic system providing counterbalanced stabilization during performance of an operation on an underwater target structure , comprising:a first underwater robotic vehicle sized and shaped to at least partially surround the underwater target structure;a second underwater robotic vehicle sized and shaped to at least partially surround the underwater target structure and be at least partially orientated in a position opposite the first underwater robotic vehicle;complimentary docking mechanisms supported by the first and second underwater robotic vehicles and arranged so the first and second underwater robotic vehicles can selectively couple to each other with the underwater target structure disposed at least partially between the first and second underwater robotic vehicles;a tool that exerts a first force against the underwater target structure in a first direction, the tool being supported by one of the first and second underwater robotic vehicles; anda stabilization module that exerts a second ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MODELING SUBSTANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Structure information for a substance within a volume may be obtained. The structure information may characterize structural non-linearity of the substance within the volume. A structure model for the substance within the volume may be generated based on the structure information and/or other information. The structure model may simulate one or more characteristics of the substance within the volume. Presentation of information on the characteristic(s) of the substance within the volume may be effectuated based on the structure model and/or other information. 1. A system for modeling substance characteristics , the system comprising:{'claim-text': ['obtain structure information for a substance within a volume, the structure information characterizing structural non-linearity of the substance within the volume;', 'generate a structure model for the substance within the volume based on the structure information, the structure model simulating a characteristic of the substance within the volume; and', 'effectuate presentation of information on the characteristic of the substance within the volume based on the structure model.'], '#text': 'one or more physical processors configured by machine-readable instructions to:'}2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the structure information is determined based on resonance frequencies of the substance within the volume.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the determination of the structure information based on the resonance frequencies of the substance within the volume includes:receiving an acoustic wave that travels through the substance within the volume;determining the resonance frequencies of the substance within the volume based on the received acoustic wave;selecting a resonance frequency from the resonance frequencies;sending a resonance frequency acoustic wave through the substance within the volume multiple times, the resonance frequency acoustic wave having the selected resonance frequency and having different amplitudes ...

ULTRASONIC TESTING FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURED COMPONENTS

A device for use in inspecting a test object is provided. The device can include a body including a first end and a second end. The second end can be opposite the first end. The device can also include a probe receiver located at the first end of the body. The probe receiver can be configured to receive an ultrasonic probe. The device can further include a coupling portion located at the second end of the body. The coupling portion can be configured to position the ultrasonic probe with respect to an axis of force transmission of a test object or normal to one or more material layers of the test object during an ultrasound inspection of the test object. Methods of forming the device and performing ultrasonic inspection of a test object with the device are also provided. 1. A method comprising:receiving data characterizing a test object to be inspected via ultrasonic inspection, the test object formed using a first additive manufacturing technique; andforming an adaptor for use in inspecting the test object, the adaptor formed via the first additive manufacturing technique, the adaptor formed to include a probe receiver and a coupling portion, the probe receiver configured to receive an ultrasonic probe and a coupling portion configured to position the ultrasonic probe with respect to an axis of force transmission of the test object.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining one or more axes of force transmission of the test object.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the adaptor and the test object have been formed from identical additive manufacturing materials claim 1 , the additive manufacturing materials including at least one of a polymer claim 1 , a ceramic claim 1 , or a metal.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first additive manufacturing technique includes at least one of vat polymerization material jetting claim 1 , binder jetting claim 1 , material extrusion claim 1 , power bed fusion claim 1 , sheet lamination claim 1 , or direct energy ...

VIBRATION SENSOR ASSEMBLY FOR PROGNOSTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF A POWER CIRCUIT BREAKER'S POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN REAL TIME

A component monitoring system structured to monitor circuit breaker assembly component characteristics is provided. The component monitoring system includes a record assembly, a number of vibration sensor assemblies, a comparison assembly, and an output assembly. The record assembly includes selected nominal data for a selected circuit breaker component. The vibration sensor assembly is structured to measure a number of actual component characteristics for a substantial portion of the circuit breaker assembly and to transmit actual component characteristic output data. The comparison assembly is structured to receive an electronic signal from said record assembly and said sensor assemblies, to compare each sensor assembly actual component characteristic output data to said selected nominal data and to provide an indication signal as to whether said sensor assembly output data is acceptable when compared to the selected nominal data. The output assembly includes a communication assembly and an output device. 1. A circuit breaker assembly component monitoring system structured to monitor circuit breaker assembly component characteristics , said system comprising:a record assembly including selected nominal data for a selected circuit breaker component;a number of vibration sensor assemblies structured to measure a number of actual component characteristics of a substantial portion of said circuit breaker assembly and to transmit actual component characteristic output data;a comparison assembly structured to receive an electronic signal from said record assembly and said vibration sensor assemblies, to compare said vibration sensor assembly actual component characteristic output data to said selected nominal data and to provide an indication signal as to whether said vibration sensor assembly output data is acceptable when compared to the selected nominal data;an output assembly including a communication assembly and an output device;said communication assembly ...

MODULAR FILM-COVERED ELASTOMERIC INSPECTION DEVICE

An inspection system for ultrasonic inspection of a part, such as an aircraft component. The inspection system may include one or more transducers, an acoustic coupler made of an acoustic coupling compliant solid, a low friction contact film, a location sensor, and a processor. The contact film may substantially surround the acoustic coupler or portions thereof. The transducers may transmit ultrasonic or sound waves through the acoustic coupler, the contact film, and at least partially through the part being inspected thereby. The location sensor may sense and output information regarding how far the ultrasonic inspection system has traveled along the part. The processor may associate signals from the transducers with signals from the location sensor to determine precise locations on the part at which particular signals are received by the transducers. 1. An ultrasonic inspection system for ultrasonic inspection of a part , the system comprising:at least one transducer, wherein the at least one transducer is configured to transmit ultrasonic or sound waves through the part;an acoustic coupler made of an acoustic coupling compliant solid and fixed to a transmitting or receiving portion of the transducer; anda low friction contact film substantially surrounding the acoustic coupler or portions of the acoustic coupler.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a modular housing attachable to the transducer and a contact film retainer attached to the modular housing.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the contact film retainer forms a boundary around the at least one transducer and a portion of the acoustic coupler claim 2 , thereby aiding in stabilizing the acoustic coupler.4. The system of claim 2 , further comprising at least one independently removable outrigger independently attachable to the modular housing claim 2 , wherein the outrigger maintains normality of the at least one transducer to a surface of the part.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the outrigger ...

SEALING ASSEMBLY AND PLUG FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION

A plug for inserting into an end of a tubular component to be inspected, including an air discharge unit receivable within the tubular component and having an end surface with a plurality of air outlets defined therein, a flow-directing body receivable within the component extending from the end surface of the air discharge unit with the plurality of outlets located radially outwardly of the flow-directing body, and a sealing member connected to the air discharge unit and having an extended configuration where the sealing member extends outwardly of the perimeter of the air discharge unit. A sealing assembly for a plate component to be inspected and a method of inspecting an outer surface of a component are also discussed. The plug and sealing assembly act to prevent an inspection coupling fluid from flowing on non-inspected surfaces of the component. 1. A plug for inserting into an end of a tubular component to be inspected , the plug comprising:an air discharge unit having a longitudinal axis and at least one outer surface defining a perimeter around the longitudinal axis, the perimeter receivable within the tubular component, the air discharge unit having a plurality of outlets defined therein;a flow-directing body extending from an end surface of the air discharge unit, the plurality of outlets being located radially outwardly of the flow-directing body, the flow-directing body including an inlet, the flow-directing body and air discharge unit having at least one passage defined therethrough extending from the inlet to the plurality of outlets; anda sealing member connected to the air discharge unit, the plurality of outlets located between the sealing member and the flow-directing body, the sealing member having an extended configuration where the sealing member extends outwardly of the perimeter of the at least one outer surface of the air discharge unit.2. The plug as defined in claim 1 , wherein a radial distance between a longitudinally extending outer ...

COVERGLASS FRACTURE DETECTION

This application relates to methods and apparatus for detecting and characterizing the formation of cracks in a display cover. Various types of sensors can be used to accomplish the described embodiments. For example, a touch sensor can be utilized for detection and characterization purposes. Alternatively, a crack detection specific sensor or sensors can be added to a device. In some embodiments, when formation of a crack is detected, a device having a sensor that detects a crack can adjust its behavior depending upon how the crack is characterized. For example, the device can be configured to notify a user of the device of any or all systems of the device that will be affected by the detected crack. In some embodiments, crack characterization data can be sent to a device manufacturer to improve subsequent device models. 1. A portable electronic device , comprising:a device housing;a display cover coupled with the device housing;a processor; anda crack detection system disposed within the device housing and electrically coupled with the processor,wherein when the crack detection system detects a crack in the display cover, the processor alters operation of the portable electronic device.2. The portable electronic device as recited in claim 1 , wherein altering operation of the portable electronic device comprises providing a notification to a user of the portable electronic device that the crack has been detected.3. The portable electronic device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the crack detection system comprises a touch sensor.4. The portable electronic device as recited in claim 3 , wherein the touch sensor is integrated into an interior facing surface of the display cover.5. The portable electronic device as recited in claim 1 , wherein altering operations of the portable electronic device comprises disabling a sensor of the portable electronic device degraded by the detected crack.6. The portable electronic device as recited in claim 5 , wherein the crack ...

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR TAGGING AND ACOUSTICALLY CHARACTERIZING CONTAINERS

Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for tagging and acoustically characterizing containers. 1providing the container, the container: originating from within a mold and comprising at least one vertical sidewall; and a bottom coupled to the at least one vertical sidewall wherein the bottom has an interior side, an exterior side, and a thickness and includes a plurality of recesses, grooves, or protrusions on the exterior side for acoustic characterization of the container;transmitting an acoustic signal toward the bottom;receiving a plurality of reflections of the acoustic signal, wherein the plurality of reflections comprises a first reflection from a first subset of the plurality of recesses, grooves, or protrusions a second reflection from a second subset of the plurality of recesses, grooves, or protrusions, the first reflection having a first time of flight and the second reflection having a second time of flight; andcharacterizing the container based on the first and second times of flight, wherein the characterizing comprises determining a characteristic of the container,wherein (a) the characteristic is associated with a location in the mold from which the container originates or (b) the mold is one of a plurality of molds and the characteristic is associated with the mold.. A method for acoustically characterizing a container configured to hold a fluid, the method comprising: This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. 16,705,807, filed Dec. 6, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. 15/289,692, filed Oct. 10, 2016, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/240,412, filed Oct. 12, 2015, and all entitled “Systems and Methods for Tagging and Acoustically Characterizing Containers,” the entire contents of all applications are incorporated by reference herein.This application relates to tagging containers, such as containers formed using injection molding. But ...

Probe and imaging apparatus for diagnosis

A probe includes a transmitting and receiving unit in which an ultrasonic wave transmitting and receiving unit and a light transmitting and receiving unit are arranged. The ultrasonic wave transmitting and receiving unit and the light transmitting and receiving unit are arranged along an axial direction. A distance L [mm] between a position of the ultrasonic wave transmitting and receiving unit in the axial direction and a position of the light transmitting and receiving unit in the axial direction, and the angular difference θ [degrees] between a transmit direction of an ultrasonic wave of the ultrasonic wave transmitting and receiving unit and a transmit direction of light of the light transmitting and receiving unit satisfy a relationship of L=V/ω×θ/360 when having a rotary velocity ω [r/s] of the transmitting and receiving unit 221 and a movement velocity V [mm/s] of the transmitting and receiving unit 221 in the axial direction.

ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION DEVICE, ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION METHOD, AND ULTRASONIC FLAW DETECTION PROGRAM

Ultrasonic flaw detection uses a phased-array ultrasonic-flaw-detection probe. The flaw detection probe is placed such that the center of curvature of the flaw detection probe coincides with a reference center of curvature of a subject. The flaw detection probe is translated along a scan direction. The flaw detection probe emits an ultrasonic beam such that the position upon which the ultrasonic beam converges coincides with the center of curvature of the curve of the outline of the cross section of the subject at the scan position, receives the resulting reflected beam, and estimates the length of a flaw in the circumferential direction of the subject. In addition, the estimated length of the flaw is corrected using a correction coefficient corresponding to the distance between the center of curvature of the reference scan position and the center of curvature of the scan position in the thickness direction of the subject.

ULTRASONIC GUIDED WAVE CORROSION DETECTION AND MONITORING SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR STORAGE TANK FLOORS AND OTHER LARGE-SCALE, COMPLEX, PLATE-LIKE STRUCTURES

A system for defect detection in plate like structures is disclosed. The system comprises a plurality of transducers configured to be coupled to a periphery of complex-plate structure. A controller is electrically coupled to the plurality of transducers. The controller includes a machine readable storage medium and a processor in signal communication with the machine readable storage medium. The processor is configured to generate a plurality of guided wave signals using a first set of the plurality of transducers, receive the plurality of guided wave signals at a second set of the plurality of transducers, and generate tomographic pseudo-image of structural changes of the complex-plate structure based on the plurality of guided wave signals received at the second set of the plurality of transducers. 1. A system , the system comprising:a plurality of transducers configured to be coupled to a periphery of a complex-plate structure; and a machine readable storage medium; and', generate a plurality of guided wave signals using a first set of the plurality of transducers;', 'receive the plurality of guided wave signals at a second set of the plurality of transducers; and', 'generate tomographic pseudo-image of structural changes of the complex-plate structure based on the plurality of guided wave signals received at the second set of the plurality of transducers., 'a processor in signal communication with the machine readable storage medium, the processor configured to], 'a controller electrically coupled to the plurality of transducers, the controller including2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of transducers comprises a plurality of ultrasonic transducers.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the controller comprises at least one actuation channel claim 2 , at least one analog-to-digital converter channel claim 2 , and at least one multiplexer card claim 2 , and wherein the controller is configured to control the plurality of ultrasonic transducers for data ...

Ultrasonic Testing Sensor and Ultrasonic Testing Method

An ultrasonic testing sensor and an ultrasonic testing method are provided which achieve a high sensitivity of three-dimensional ultrasonic testing and a high S/N ratio, do not require development of a sensor for each inspection object, and reduce the cost of developing a sensor. The ultrasonic testing method is performed with the use of the ultrasonic testing sensor while a total length d, extending in a direction parallel to an ultrasonic scanning direction, of ultrasonic elements to be simultaneously excited with a single exciter is controlled to be in a range ensuring that 2d·sin θ=n·λ, where λ is a wavelength of an ultrasonic wave, n is an integer of 1 or 2, and θ is an angle at which the ultrasonic wave is incident.

APPARATUS FOR INSPECTING A TUBE

An apparatus for inspecting a tubular workpiece may include a probe assembly and a rotation mechanism. The probe assembly may include a transducer array positionable adjacent to an inner surface of the tubular workpiece. The probe assembly may generate transmitted sound waves and may receive reflected sound waves. The rotation mechanism may rotate the probe assembly relative to the tubular workpiece in a manner such that the transducer array passes over the inner surface in a circumferential direction during transmission of the transmitted sound waves. 1. An apparatus for inspecting a tubular workpiece , comprising:a probe assembly having a transducer array positionable adjacent to an inner surface of a tubular workpiece and being configured to generate transmitted sound waves toward the inner surface and receive reflected sound waves; anda rotation mechanism configured to rotate the probe assembly relative to the tubular workpiece in a manner such that the transducer array passes over the inner surface in a circumferential direction during transmission of the transmitted sound waves.2. The apparatus of wherein:the transducer array is configured to generate the transmitted sound waves at a frequency of at least approximately 10 MHz.3. The apparatus of wherein:the probe assembly is configured to substantially continuously generate the transmitted sound waves and received the reflected sound waves during rotation of the probe assembly relative to the tubular workpiece.4. The apparatus of further comprising:a display device coupled to the probe assembly;the probe assembly being configured to generate electrical signals representative of the reflected sound waves; andthe display device being configured to receive the electrical signals and generate a graphical image representative of the inner surface during rotation of the probe assembly relative to the tubular workpiece.5. The apparatus of wherein:the probe assembly is configured such that the transducer array is ...

Systems for Characterizing Resonance Behavior of Magnetostrictive Resonators

Illustrative embodiments of systems for characterizing resonance behavior of magnetostrictive resonators are disclosed. In one illustrative embodiment, an apparatus may comprise a first channel including one or more driving coils and one or more magnetostrictive resonators, the first channel having a first impedance; a second channel having a second impedance, the second impedance differing from the first impedance by an impedance attributable to the one or more magnetostrictive resonators; a signal source configured to apply an input signal to both the first and second channels; and a signal receiver configured to generate a combined output signal in response to output signals measured from both the first and second channels. 1. Apparatus comprising:a first channel including one or more coils and one or more magnetostrictive resonators, the first channel having a first impedance;a second channel having a second impedance, the second impedance differing from the first impedance by an impedance attributable to the one or more magnetostrictive resonators;a signal source configured to apply an input signal to both the first and second channels; anda signal receiver configured to generate a combined output signal in response to output signals measured from both the first and second channels.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more magnetostrictive resonators comprise a plurality of magnetostrictive resonators.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more coils surround a first portion of a sample and the one or more magnetostrictive resonators are disposed in the first portion of the sample.4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the one or more magnetostrictive resonators each comprise a sensing element that reacts with a target species in the sample.5. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the second channel includes one or more coils surrounding a second portion of the sample and no magnetostrictive resonators are disposed in the second portion of the ...

ULTRASONIC INSPECTION METHOD AND ULTRASONIC INSPECTION DEVICE

An ultrasonic inspection method is a method for inspecting an inspection object including sheet members having peripheral portions. The peripheral portions are joined together at a first location. The sheet members are not joined together at a second location which is adjacent to the first location. The ultrasonic inspection method includes: outputting ultrasonic waves to an inspection target region in the peripheral portions, the inspection target region being set according to a boundary line between the first location and the second location; and receiving the ultrasonic waves that have passed through the inspection target region. 1. An ultrasonic inspection method for inspecting an inspection object including sheet members having peripheral portions , the peripheral portions being joined together at a first location , and the sheet members being not joined together at a second location which is adjacent to the first location , the method comprising:outputting ultrasonic waves to an inspection target region in the peripheral portions, the inspection target region being set according to a boundary line between the first location and the second location; andreceiving the ultrasonic waves that have passed through the inspection target region.2. The ultrasonic inspection method according to claim 1 , wherein the outputting the ultrasonic waves comprises outputting ultrasonic waves at each of a plurality of inspection locations while a position of the peripheral portions through which ultrasonic waves passes changes along the boundary line claim 1 , the plurality of inspection locations being arranged in a width direction of the peripheral portions that is orthogonal to the boundary line.3. The ultrasonic inspection method according to claim 2 , further comprising:generating data showing a relationship between positions of the peripheral portions and presence or absence of a defect in the positions, by using a relationship between the positions and signal intensities ...

ACOUSTIC EMISSION INDICATIONS OF DEFECTS FORMED DURING ELONGATED METAL MATERIALS MANUFACTURING PROCESSES

A method of detection of defects in a manufacturing process of an elongated metallic material () which manufacturing process is accomplished by rolls () which rolls () reduce the cross section of the elongated metallic material () thinner and/or divert or guide the path of the elongated metallic material (). The formation and/or existence of defects of the elongated metallic material () is detected by sensing acoustic emission transmitted by origination or advance of the defects and the detection is accomplished by at least one acoustic emission (AE) sensor () having direct or indirect contact with the elongated metallic material () which AE sensor () transduces the sensed acoustic emission to electric signals and the signals are received by an analyzing unit () which is capable of detecting the indication and reporting time coded indication and/or the indicative amplitude of the originated or advanced defects. 116-. (canceled)17. A method of detecting defects in a manufacturing process of an elongated metallic material , the method comprising:using rolls on the elongated metallic material to reduce the cross section of the elongated metallic material and/or divert or guide a path of the elongated metallic material;detecting a formation and/or existence of a defect of the elongated metallic material by sensing an acoustic emission transmitted by origination or advance of the defect, wherein the detection is performed using acoustic emission sensors each having direct or indirect contact with the elongated metallic material, and transducing sensed acoustic emission to signals, and the signals are received by an analyzing unit which creates an indication of the defect if a predetermined threshold value of the signal is exceeded, and the analyzing unit creates a time coded report of the indication and/or of the indicative amplitude of the originated or advanced defect and wherein a pair of the acoustic emission sensors are at a substantially same position with respect ...

System and Method for Progressive Damage Monitoring and Failure Event Prediction in a Composite Structure

A system for monitoring damage progression in a composite structure includes a load sensor, acoustic emission sensors, a camera, and a monitoring device. The load sensor measures an applied load to the structure. The sensors measure acoustic emission data indicative of possible damage to the structure. The camera captures image data of the structure in a designated portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The monitoring device executes a method by which the acoustic emission data is synchronously collected with the image data and the applied load. The device automatically maps the acoustic emission data onto the image data to detect an area of damage progression in the composite structure. A failure event in the detected area of damage progression may be predicted using the mapped data, and a control action may be executed in response to the predicted failure event. 1. A system for monitoring damage progression in a composite structure subjected to an applied load , the system comprising:a load sensor operable for measuring the applied load and outputting a load profile signal indicative of the measured applied load;an array of acoustic emission sensors operable for measuring acoustic emission data indicative of possible damage to the composite structure;a camera operable for capturing image data of the composite structure in a designated portion of the electromagnetic spectrum; anda monitoring device in communication with the load sensor, the acoustic emission sensors, and the camera, wherein the monitoring device is configured to synchronously measure the applied load via the load sensor, collect the acoustic emission data via the acoustic emission sensors, and collect the image data via the camera, and to automatically map the collected acoustic emission data onto the collected image data to thereby detect an area of damage progression in the composite structure.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the monitoring device is configured to predict a failure event in ...

Forged titanium alloy material and method for producing same, and ultrasonic inspection method

A forged titanium alloy material having a duplex grain structure composed of flat grains and non-flat grains, wherein the flat grains are crystal grains of prior-β grains each having an aspect ratio of more than 3 and the non-flat grains are crystal grains of prior-β grains each having an aspect ratio of 1 to 3 inclusive. The forged titanium alloy material is characterized in that the average equivalent circle diameter of the non-flat grains is 100 μm or less, flat grains each having a thicknesswise diameter of 20 to 500 μm are contained in an amount of 40 to 98%, non-flat grains each having a thicknesswise diameter of 10 to 150 μm are contained in an amount of 2 to 50%, and the flat grains each having the above-mentioned thicknesswise diameter and the non-flat grains each having the above-mentioned thicknesswise diameter are contained in the total amount of 90% or more.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING DAMAGE IN ROTARY MACHINES

A method for detecting damage in a component of a rotary machine includes collecting, via one or more sensors, vibration data relating to the component. The method also includes identifying energy of at least one harmonic or sideband series within the at least one region indicative of a damaged component and identifying energy within the at least one region excluding the at least one harmonic or sideband series. Further, the method includes determining at least one damage ratio based on the energy of at least one harmonic or sideband series within the at least one region indicative of a damaged component and the energy within the at least one region excluding the at least one harmonic or sideband series. Moreover, the method includes calculating a damage factor of the component as a function of, at least, the at least one damage ratio. In addition, the method includes comparing the damage factor to a predetermined damage threshold, wherein a damage factor exceeding the predetermined damage threshold is indicative of a damaged component. 1. A method for detecting damage in a component of a rotary machine , the method comprising:collecting, via one or more sensors, vibration data relating to the component;identifying at least one low-energy region within the vibration data;identifying energy of at least one harmonic or sideband series within the at least one region indicative of a damaged component;identifying energy within the at least one region excluding the at least one harmonic or sideband series;determining at least one damage ratio based on the energy of at least one harmonic or sideband series within the at least one region indicative of the damaged component and the energy within the at least one region excluding the at least one harmonic or sideband series;calculating a damage factor of the component as a function of, at least, the at least one damage ratio; and,comparing the damage factor to a predetermined damage threshold, wherein a damage factor ...

ULTRASONIC INSPECTION OF COMPOSITE PARTS

One aspect of a process to inspect a composite component includes traversing multiple ultrasonic probe array portions on respective multiple component surfaces of the composite component. The multiple component surfaces are either separate from or at angles to each other. The process includes simultaneously passing an ultrasonic signal into the multiple component surfaces through the multiple ultrasonic probe array portions. The process also includes receiving a response to the ultrasonic signal through the multiple ultrasonic probe array portions. 1. A method to inspect a composite component , the method comprising:traversing a plurality of ultrasonic probe array portions on a respective plurality of component surfaces of the composite component, wherein the plurality of component surfaces are either separate from or at angles to each other;simultaneously passing an ultrasonic signal into the plurality of component surfaces through the plurality of ultrasonic probe array portions; andreceiving a response to the ultrasonic signal through the plurality of ultrasonic probe array portions.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein simultaneously passing the ultrasonic signal into the plurality of component surfaces through the plurality of ultrasonic probe array portions comprises:dividing the ultrasonic signal into a plurality of ultrasonic signal portions; andtransmitting the ultrasonic signal portions to the plurality of ultrasonic probe array portions.3. The method of claim 2 , receiving the response to the ultrasonic signal through the plurality of ultrasonic probe array portions comprises:receiving a plurality of response signals to the respective plurality of ultrasonic signal portions at the plurality of component surfaces, each response signal received from a respective composite component surface in response to a respective ultrasonic signal portion; andaggregating the plurality of response signals to form the response to the ultrasonic signal.4. The method of claim ...

ACTUATOR RING CHARACTERISTIC MEASUREMENT METHOD

Methods and systems are disclosed for determining at least one actuation characteristic of an imaging device. For example, one method includes determining a target distance to move a lens by an actuator to focus a scene on an image sensor, where moving the lens by the actuator causes an associated lens vibration having at least one actuation characteristic, determining a scan sequence having a plurality of successive measurements, each measurement having at least a first measurement parameter and subsequent measurement parameter, each measurement parameter including at least one step and at least one time delay, moving the lens the target distance for each successive measurement based on the measurement parameters of each successive measurement, measuring a performance indicator of each successive measurement, and determining at least one actuation characteristic based on the first measurement parameter of the measurement having the highest performance indicator. 1. A method for determining at least one actuation characteristic of an imaging device comprising:determining a target distance to move a lens by an actuator to focus a scene on an image sensor, wherein moving the lens by the actuator causes an associated lens vibration having at least one actuation characteristic;determining a scan sequence having a plurality of successive measurements, each measurement having at least a first measurement parameter and subsequent measurement parameter, each measurement parameter including at least one step and at least one time delay;moving the lens the target distance for each successive measurement based on the measurement parameters of each successive measurement;measuring a performance indicator of each successive measurement; anddetermining at least one actuation characteristic based on the first measurement parameter of the measurement having the highest performance indicator.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lens vibration is a sinusoidal ringing imparted to ...

SYSTEM AND METHODS FOR DETERMINING SENSITIZATION OF ALLOY BY MEASURING AND CORRELATING ULTRASONIC PARAMETERS

The present invention relates generally to a system and methods for testing sensitization of alloy nondestructively. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system and methods for determining the sensitization of an alloy by measuring ultrasonic parameters of the alloy using ultrasonic techniques, and correlating the measured ultrasonic parameters. In certain embodiments, the ultrasonic measuring techniques include pulse-echo and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. Certain embodiments use ultrasonic measuring techniques to measure shear-wave velocity, compressional-wave velocity, and attenuation coefficient of compressional waves. One preferred embodiment correlates measured ultrasonic parameters including shear-wave velocity, compressional-wave velocity, and attenuation coefficient of compressional waves to determine the sensitization of alloy. Advantageously, certain embodiments of the invention make it easier to collect, store, and correlate measured ultrasonic parameters through use of a computer system. 1. A method for determining sensitization of an alloy , comprising the steps of:detecting an ultrasonic signal with at least one transducer;transforming the ultrasonic signal into an electrical signal with a transducer;converting the electrical signal into measured ultrasonic parameters with a computer system processor component; andcorrelating the measured ultrasonic parameters with said computer system processor component to determine sensitization of the alloy.2. The method as disclosed in claim 1 , wherein said detecting step is performed by a transducer in a PE ultrasonic measuring technique.3. The method as disclosed in claim 1 , wherein said detecting step is performed by two transducers in a RUS ultrasonic measuring technique.4. The method as disclosed in claim 1 , wherein said detecting step is performed by three transducers in PE and RUS ultrasonic measuring techniques.5. The method as disclosed in claim 1 , wherein the measured ultrasonic ...

SENSOR UNIT FOR ULTRA SONIC SOUND WAVE COMMUNICATION

A sensor unit for inducing and indicating ultra sonic sound waves in at least one threaded fastener by physical contact with an end surface thereof, wherein the sensor unit includes: a support casing, a sensor element with forward contact surface for engaging the fastener end surface and movable relative to the support casing between rest and active positions, and a bias spring between the support casing and the sensor element to urge the sensor element into the rest position as the sensor element is out of contact with the fastener end surface and to bias the contact surface of the sensor element into physical contact with the fastener end surface in the active position. The support casing includes a positioning socket, engaged by the sensor element in the rest position, having a non-cylindrical and non-circular cross sectional inner shape and congruent with an outer shape of the sensor element. 15-. (canceled)6. A sensor unit for inducing and indicating ultra sonic sound waves in at least one threaded fastener by being brought into physical contact with an end surface of the at least one threaded fastener , wherein the sensor unit comprises:a support casing and a sensor element, said sensor element having a forward contact surface for engaging the end surface of the at least one threaded fastener and being movable relative to the support casing between a rest position and an active position, anda bias spring acting between the support casing and the sensor element to urge the sensor element into said rest position as the sensor element is out of contact with the at least one threaded fastener end surface and to bias the contact surface of the sensor element into physical contact with the at least one threaded fastener end surface in said active position,wherein the support casing comprises a positioning socket to be engaged by the sensor element in said rest position, said positioning socket having a non-cylindrical and non-circular cross sectional inner shape, ...

METHODS, SYSTEMS, AND DEVICES FOR SOLID AXLE TESTING

Methods, systems, and devices for solid axle testing are provided. 1. An inspection system , comprising:a probe configured to be inserted into a blind hole formed in a solid axle, the probe including an ultrasonic transducer at an end face thereof that is configured to generate ultrasonic waves in the solid axle covering substantially an entire portion of the solid axle to be inspected when the probe is within the blind hole.2. The inspection system of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic transducer includes an angle beam ultrasonic transducer configured to propagate a shear wave and a longitudinal beam ultrasonic transducer configured to propagate a compression wave claim 1 , and the ultrasonic waves include the shear wave propagated by the angle beam ultrasonic transducer and the compression wave propagated by the longitudinal beam ultrasonic transducer.3. The inspection system of claim 1 , wherein the probe is configured to be inserted into the blind hole until the end face of the probe abuts a bottom surface of the blind hole.4. The inspection system of claim 1 , wherein the probe includes a controller configured to analyze the echo to determine whether a flaw is present in the solid axle.5. The inspection system of claim 4 , wherein the flaw includes at least one of a crack claim 4 , a notch claim 4 , an inclusion claim 4 , a void claim 4 , and a fracture.6. The inspection system of claim 1 , wherein the substantially entire portion of the solid axle to be inspected is at least one of substantially an entire skin surface of the solid axle and substantially an entire volume of the solid axle.7. The inspection system of claim 1 , further comprising a liquid couplant on the end face of the probe.8. The inspection system of claim 7 , wherein the liquid couplant includes one of water claim 7 , grease claim 7 , oil claim 7 , and a gel.9. The inspection system of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic transducer includes a plurality of phased array transducers configured to ...

ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TESTER

An apparatus for detecting anchor bolt pullout strength. The apparatus includes circuitry configured to process ultrasonic measurement signals using at least one of a direct, an indirect, and a semi-direct measurement technique. Further, the apparatus comprises a first probe and a second probe connected to the circuitry, and memory for storing data detected by the first and the second probe. The memory is connected to the circuitry and a data connection connected to the circuitry and configured to communicate with an external network. An ultrasonic signal is transmitted by the circuitry through the first probe and rebounded by the second prob. The circuitry detects a time duration to receive the rebounded signal, storing the time duration to the memory, and comparing the time duration to reference measurement data. The reference measurement data may be stored in at least one of the memory and the external network. 1. An apparatus for detecting anchor bolt pullout strength , the apparatus comprising:circuitry configured to process ultrasonic measurement signals in at least one of a direct, an indirect, and a semi-direct measurement technique;a first probe connected to the circuitry;a second probe connected to the circuitry; anda memory for storing data detected by the first and the second probe, the memory connected to the circuitry; anda data connection connected to the circuitry and configured to be in communication with an external network,wherein an ultrasonic signal is transmitted by the circuitry through the first probe and rebounded by the second probe, the circuitry detecting a time duration to receive the rebounded signal, storing the time duration to the memory, and comparing the time duration to reference measurement data, the reference measurement data stored in at least one of the memory and the external network.2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:a Schmidt Hammer, whereinthe circuitry is configured to detect measurements made by ...

System and Method for Nondestructive Evaluation of a Test Object

A system for nondestructive evaluation of a test object includes a platform, an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to create acoustic vibrations that travel along the test object; an infrared detector positioned to record thermal images of a plurality of test areas on the test object to detect flaws in the test object as the platform and the test object move relative to each other; and a control connected to actuate the EMAT and the infrared detector, synchronize the creation of vibrations with the recording of thermal images, receive a signal from the infrared detector indicative of the thermal image of the surface of the test object, and record locations of the flaws appearing on the thermal images of the test areas, all as the platform and the test object move relative to each other.

METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR ULTRASONIC INSPECTION OF WELL BORES

A well bore is inspected to detect cement defects that can give rise to leakage. The well bore comprises an inner metal pipe. Outside the inner metal pipe its configuration may vary with distance from the top of the well bore in terms of concentric pipes outside the inner metal pipe and presence of cement between the pipes. A probe with is lowered through the inner metal pipe. An ultrasound signal is transmitted from the probe into the inner metal pipe and responses to the transmitted signal are received at a series of ultrasound receivers at different axial positions. A selection of a spatial frequency of waves arriving along the axial direction at the ultrasound receivers and/or the apparent velocity of said waves is retrieved dependent on the configuration. The received responses are band pass filtered accordingly. By selecting the band pass filter dependent on the configuration it becomes possible to detect cement defects well outside the innermost pipe from parameters of the earliest arriving pulse from the filtered reflection signal. 1. A method of monitoring cement defects in a well bore that comprises an inner metal pipe , the well bore having different well bore configurations outside the inner metal pipe at different distances from the top of the borehole , the method comprising using a probe that comprises a support structure that extends in an axial direction of the well bore , an ultrasound transmitter and a series of ultrasound receivers mounted at successive positions along the axial direction , wherein the method comprisesmoving the probe through the inner metal pipe along the axial direction of the well bore;transmitting an ultrasound signal from the transmitter into the inner metal pipe;receiving responses to the transmitted signal at the series of ultrasound receivers;band pass filtering the received responses to pass selectively a part of the response in a spatiotemporal frequency pass band corresponding to a predetermined apparent velocity ...

Automated Ultrasonic Inspection of Elongated Composite Members Using Single-Pass Robotic System

Apparatus and methods for ultrasonic inspection of elongated composite members in a single scan pass using pulse echo phased arrays operating in a bubbler method. The system concept is fully automated by integrating an inspection probe assembly to a robot and using the robot to move the inspection probe assembly along the part (i.e., outside of an inspection tank); and by integrating tooling fixtures that move out of the way as the inspection probe assembly travels along the length of the part during the inspection. In addition, the system allows for generally elongated composite members having lengthwise variation in shape, curvature and dimensions.

System for detecting flooding in flexible tubular pipes under high pressure conditions

A system for inspecting flexible pipelines comprises a data analyzer, a data collector and an ultrasonic transducer. Further, the ultrasonic transducer is adapted to propagate shear wave into the annulus of the flexible pipeline. The data collector further comprises a data store and a communicator. Further, the system is capable of differentiating flooding and non-flooding condition of the annulus of the flexible pipeline which is subjected to high pressure. Using the system, an indicator of a flooded or non-flooded condition within the flexible pipeline may be calculated using transmitted and detected reflective waves or the lack of detected reflective waves.

Ultrasonic inspection probe, system, and method

Disclosed herein is an ultrasonic inspection probe for inspecting parts. The ultrasonic inspection probe comprises a probe body that comprises an ultrasonic array and a plate attachment surface. The ultrasonic array comprises a plurality of ultrasound elements, each selectively operable to generate an ultrasonic beam and each fixed relative to the plate attachment surface. The ultrasonic inspection probe also comprises an interface plate, comprising a body attachment surface, removably attachable to the plate attachment surface of the probe body, and a part inspection surface, shaped to complement a shape of one of the parts.

ULTRASONIC PIPE MEASUREMENT APPARATUS

An ultrasonic pipe measurement apparatus includes: a plurality of ultrasonic transceivers discretely disposed on a pipe wall of a pipe; and a control unit configured to control the plurality of ultrasonic transceivers and detect a generation point of damage caused in the pipe based on an ultrasonic signal exchanged between the ultrasonic transceivers. 1. An ultrasonic pipe measurement apparatus comprising:a plurality of ultrasonic transceivers discretely disposed on a pipe wall of a pipe; anda control unit configured to control the plurality of ultrasonic transceivers and detect a generation point of damage caused in the pipe based on an ultrasonic signal exchanged between the ultrasonic transceivers.2. The ultrasonic pipe measurement apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the number of ultrasonic transceivers is three or more.3. The ultrasonic pipe measurement apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to detect a generation point of the damage caused in the pipe based on time after the ultrasonic wave is output from one ultrasonic transceiver and before a reflection wave from the damage is received by each ultrasonic transceiver.4. The ultrasonic pipe measurement apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to measure a size of the damage caused in the pipe based on the ultrasonic signal exchanged between the ultrasonic transceivers.5. The ultrasonic pipe measurement apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the control unit is configured to measure the size of the damage caused in the pipe based on an amplitude of the reflection wave from the damage received by the ultrasonic transceiver.6. The ultrasonic pipe measurement apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein:the control unit has operation modes including a search mode wherein an interval of transmitting an ultrasonic pulse is set relatively long, the search mode being adapted to detect a point of the damage and the approximate size of the damage, and a ...