FLEXIBLE ONE ELECTRICAL CHROME STRUCTURE AND PROCEDURE FOR THEIR PRODUCTION

Electrically-operated device with variable optical and/or energetic transmission or reflection properties incorporating active layers of an electrochromic material

Dispositif électrocommandable à propriétés optiqueslénergétiques de transmission ou de réflexion variables, comportant au moins un substrat porteur muni d'un empilement de couches à fonction électrochrome comprenant au moins deux couches actives électrochromes, séparées par un électrolyte, ledit empilement étant disposé entre deux amenées de courant, respectivement inférieure et supérieure ( « inférieure » correspondant à l'amenée de courant la plus proche du substrat porteur, par opposition à l'amenée de courant « supérieure » qui est la plus éloignée dudit substrat), caractérisé en ce que le matériau électrochrome constituant les deux couches actives est identique, et ce matériau électrochrome est choisi parmi ceux dont la coloration n'est pas une fonction linéaire de l'insertion de charges.

DEVICES CONTAINING COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING CATHODICALLY COLORING ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMERS AND BINDER POLYMERS

π-Electron conjugated compound, manufacturing method therefor, and π-electorn conjugated polymer obtained using same

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE COMPRISING THREE OR FOUR LAYERS

The invention relates to an electrochromic device comprising: a working electrode (2) comprising an electrochromic material containing at least one electrochromic polymer, said electrode being optionally in contact with a current collector (6); a solid electrolyte (3) which is in contact with each of said electrodes; and a counter-electrode (4) in a conductive metal material. The invention also relates to the various applications of such a device, especially for display.

ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION OF ENHANCED ELECTROCHROMIC (EC) POLYMER FILM

Electropolymerization of EC monomers is employed to obtain an EC polymer film deposited on a substrate. A first embodiment of a method to produce the film employs cyclic voltammetry alone, while a second embodiment deposits a very thin homogeneous layer using chronoamperometry, and then cyclic voltammetry is employed to increase the density of the film. Another aspect of the present invention is directed to specific web like configurations for a grid of conductive material deposited onto a transparent substrate. The web like configuration is based either on concentric circles, or on concentric ellipses. Yet another aspect of the present invention is directed to an imaging system including a digital window that is disposed between a prism and a patterned analytic layer.

Electrochromic display device and electrodeposition-type display device

Between each transparent pixel electrode driven by TFT as a drive device and a common electrode, a polymer layer located in contact with the transparent pixel electrode and electrically active to change in color by electrochemical oxidization or reduction and a polymeric solid electrolytic layer located in contact with the polymer layer and containing a coloring agent are interposed. since electrochemical oxidization or reduction brings about a color change, the contrast and the black concentration can be enhanced, and bronzing after long-time use does not occur.

FORMATION OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS FOR SOLID-STATE DEVICES

ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

COLOR TONE VARIABLE FILM, PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF AND ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT OBTAINED BY THE PRODUCTION METHOD

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a color tone variable film which can be formed by a wet method and provided with flexibility and practical strength and whose color tone is changed with high sensitivity by energy application; a simple production method thereof; and an electrochromic element obtained by the production method. SOLUTION: A color tone variable film is formed by reaction of a cationic polymer comprising a structural unit containing a cationic group in a side chain with a compound containing a partial structure and an acid group which allows color tone to be changed by energy application. The cationic polymer preferably contains a structural unit having a quaternary ammonium cation structure. COPYRIGHT: (C)2012,JPO&INPIT ...

ELEKTROCHROMER MIRROR WITH ZWI THIN ONE GLASS ELEMENTS AND A GELLIERTEM ELEKTROCHROMEN MEDIUM

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE HAVING THREE OR FOUR LAYERS

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Ce dispositif électrochrome comprend : - un empilement comprenant successivement : (a) un premier collecteur de courant (5) ; (b) une électrode électrochrome (4) en matériau apte à insérer réversiblement des ions métalliques ; (c) un électrolyte (3) ; (d) un deuxième collecteur de courant (2) ; - un substrat (1) en contact avec le premier collecteur de courant (5) ou avec le deuxième collecteur de courant (2). Il comprend une seule électrode électrochrome (4), et présente au moins les deux états fonctionnels suivants : - un premier état fonctionnel, induit par l'application d'une première tension électrique entre les deux collecteurs de courant, dans lequel le dispositif comprend des ions métalliques insérés réversiblement dans le matériau de l' électrode électrochrome ; et - un deuxième état fonctionnel, subséquent à l' application d'une deuxième tension électrique entre les deux collecteurs de courant, dans lequel une couche métallique (6) est formée entre l'électrolyte (3) et le deuxième ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE HAVING FOUR OR THREE LAYERS

L'invention concerne un dispositif électrochrome comprenant : - une électrode de travail comprenant un matériau électrochrome renfermant au moins un polymère électrochrome, ladite électrode étant éventuellement en contact avec un collecteur de courant, - un électrolyte solide est en contact avec chacune desdites électrodes, - une contre électrode en un matériau métallique conducteur. L'invention concerne également les diverses applications d'un tel dispositif, notamment pour l'affichage.

ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS CONTAINING PENDANT PI-INTERACTING/BINDING SUBSTITUENTS, THEIR CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES, AND PROCESSES TO FORM THE SAME

ELECTROACTIVE POLYMERS CONTAINING PENDANT PI-INTERACTING/BINDING SUBSTITUENTS, THEIR CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES, AND PROCESSES TO FORM THE SAME

A composition of matter comprises a polymer with a fully conjugated backbone or a conjugated block with a plurality of binding groups connected to the backbone by a linking moiety. The binding groups permit a non-covalent binding to a graphitic surface such as a carbon nanotube. A composition of matter where an electroactive polymer with binding groups connected to a conjugated backbone through a linking moiety is bound to carbon nanotubes. Such compositions can be used for a variety of applications using electroactive materials. © KIPO & WIPO 2009 ...

INFRARED-MODULATING ELECTROACTIVE DEVICES WITH VISIBLE REGION TRANSPARENCY

An electrochromic cell includes a minimally color changing polymer (MCCP) and a non-color changing polymer (NCCP), where the neutral state or the oxidized state is highly transmissive in the NIR and the oxidized state or the neutral state, respectively, is significantly less transmissive in the NIR. An electrochromic device (ECD) can include the electrochromic cell, or a combination of electrochromic cells. The ECD can be part of a window or a laminate for a window to permit the control of IR transmittance through the window.

DUAL ACTIVE FILM ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY DEVICE

A dual active electrochromic device is a combination of at least two working electrodes that contain electrochromic materials and at least one counter electrode where the potentials between each working electrode and a counter electrode are independently supplied. No more than one electrode is reflective. The color of the device results from the additive color of the electrochromic materials and varies according to the potentials applied independently. The electrochromic materials can be electrochromic polymers that are deposited as film on substrates to form the working electrodes. The electrochromic device can be used for display or window applications.

OXIDATIVE CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMERS

Remarkably, disclosed herein is a solvent-less chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method for the oxidative polymerization and deposition of thin firms of electrically- conducting polymers. In a preferred embodiment, the method provides poly-3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) thin films, hi other embodiments, jthe method is applicable to polymerization to give other conducting polymers, such as polyanilines, polypyrroles, polythiophenes and their derivatives. The all- vapor technique uses a moderate substrate temperature, making it compatible with a range of materials, including as fabric and paper. In addition, this method allows for the coating of high surface-area substrates with fibrous, porous and/or particulate morphologies. The coated substrates may be used in organic semiconductor devices, including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), photovoltaics, electrochromics, and supercapacitors.

ELECTROCHROMIC PASSIVE MATRIX DISPLAY WITH A DIODE IN EACH PIXEL

Electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films, and processing for making such solid films and devices

The present invention relates to electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films and processes for making such solid films and devices. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention exhibit beneficial properties and characteristics, especially when compared to known electrochromic media. The electrochromic polymeric solid films are transformed in situ from a low viscosity electrochromic monomer composition by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and in so doing minimum shrinkage occurs. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention also perform well under prolonged coloration, outdoor weathering and all-climate exposure, and provide an inherent safety aspect not known to electrochromic media heretofore.

ELECTRO-CHEMICAL PIXEL MECHANISM

FULL-COLOR ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY WITH STACKED IN CELL MONOCHROMIC ELECTROCHROMES

A display device comprising a plurality of independently addressable pixels (1) comprising: a first substrate (2); a counter-electrode (3); a second substrate (4); a stack of electrochromic layers (5a, 5b, 5c) associated with said second substrate (4); an electrolyte (6) disposed between said counter-electrode (3) and said stack of electrochromic layers (5a, 5b, 5c). Said electrochromic layers (5a, 5b, 5c) are each independently addressable for switching operation; and separated from each other by layers of an electrolyte (7). A driving method for operating said pixel (1) comprises the steps of: providing at least one power line (8) which is selectively connectable to an electrochromic layer (5) or a working electrode (10) associated with said electrochromic layer (5); selectively applying to said power line (8) a bleaching or coloring voltage; addressing the electrochromic layer (5) which is to be bleached or colored; connecting said power line (8) to said addressed electrochromic layer ...

DISPLAY DEVICE WITH WATER-BASED ELECTROLYTE

A display device 1 comprises a base layer 2 and a top layer 4. A conduction layer 5 is applied to the base layer in a pattern, to form electrodes 6 and 8. These can be made of ITO coated with conductive PEDOT. An insulating isolation layer 14 is then applied in a pattern on top of the conduction layer 5 and fills in the spaces between the electrodes 6, 8 of the conduction layer 5. Gaps in the isolation layer 14 extend over a part of the electrodes. A conductive electrochromic material is deposited and fills in these gaps, to form redox centres 16 and 18 each in electrical contact with one of the electrodes 6 and 8. Sealing 20 defines a cavity, which is filled with a water- based electrolyte 22. The isolation layer 14 and the redox centres 16, 18 protect the electrodes 6,8 from the electrolyte. Providing a light source and using transparent materials for all of the base layer 2, the top layer 4, the electrodes 6 and 8, and the isolation layer 14 allows the device 1 to be used for the transmission ...

INFRARED-MODULATING ELECTROACTIVE DEVICES WITH VISIBLE REGION TRANSPARENCY

An electrochromic cell includes a minimally color changing polymer (MCCP) and a non-color changing polymer (NCCP), where the neutral state or the oxidized state is highly transmissive in the NIR and the oxidized state or the neutral state, respectively, is significantly less transmissive in the NIR. An electrochromic device (ECD) can include the electrochromic cell, or a combination of electrochromic cells. The ECD can be part of a window or a laminate for a window to permit the control of IR transmittance through the window.

CONDUCTIVE POLYMER FILMS GRAFTED ON ORGANIC SUBSTRATES

The invention relates to a linker-free, one-step method of grafting polymer films onto organic substrates, and the films obtained by such a method In certain embodiments, the grafted polymer films are conductive In certain embodiments, said grafting method utilizes the ability for Fπedel-Crafts catalyst to form radical cations from organic substrates In one embodiment, the method provides poly-3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) thin films grafted to organic substrates In other embodiments, the method is applicable to the polymerization of other monomers to yield conducting polymers, such as polyarulmes, polypyrroles, polyfurans, polythiophenes and their deπvatives In certain embodiments, e g, when the polymer film is conducting, the obtained conducting polymer pattern grafted on common organic substrates can be used for integrated circuitry in flexible electronics.

FLEXIBLE PANEL BASED ON ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMERS

A flexible electrochromic (EC) panel that is usable for a display device or for other applications in which at least a region of the panel is selectively caused to change opacity. An exemplary panel includes an EC working layer or electrode formed of a PProDOT-Me2 polymer film that is deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flexible substrate. Similarly, a counter electrode is formed by depositing a vanadium oxide-titanium oxide (V2O5-TiO2) composite film on another ITO PET coated flexible substrate. An ultraviolet light-cured film sealant is employed to seal the flexible panel and also serves as a spacer between the electrodes. The film sealant is patterned to define a volume for injecting an electrolyte solution through an inlet port provided in the film sealant. The inlet port is then closed. The EC panel can readily be flexed without damage.

Electrochemical device

An embodiment of the present invention relates to electrochemical devices including an electrochemically active layer having the ability of electrochemically altering its redox state. By providing a portion of an electrode of corrosion resistant material between an electrolyte and an electrochemically active layer, undesired discoloration due to the electrochemical reaction of an electrochemical device is reduced.

Electrochromic mirror and room mirror module for vehicle comprising the same

Provided are an electrochromic mirror and a method of manufacturing the same, the electrochromic mirror including: a first substrate (110) and a second substrate (120) facing each other; and an electrochromic layer (170) interposed between the first substrate (110) and the second substrate (120) and containing an electrochromic material and an electrolyte, wherein at least one of the first substrate (110) and the second substrate (120) is a transparent film, whereby an entire thickness and weight of the electrochromic mirror can be reduced, and as a result, the degree of design freedom can be improved, and since the electrochromic layer (170) containing the electrochromic material and the electrolyte is formed by a coating method, the efficiency of a manufacturing process can be improved, and a production cost can be reduced.

ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE

An electrochromic device is provided comprising: at least one electrochromic element comprising (i) at least one material that is electrically conducting in at least one oxidation state and (ii) at least one electrochromic material, wherein said materials (i) and (ii) can be the same or different; at least one layer of a solidified electrolyte which is in direct electrical contact with said electrochromic element; and at least two electrodes comprising PEDOT-PSS, arranged side by side in a common plane and adapted for application of a voltage therebetween, one of said electrodes being in direct electrical contact with a component selected from said electrochromic element(s) and the other electrode(s) being in direct electrical contact with a component selected from said electrolyte layer(s) and said electrochromic element(s). Furthermore an electrochemically active element is provided comprising: a first layer comprising PEDOT-PSS mixed with an adhesion promoter; and a second layer comprising ...

FULL-COLOR ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY WITH STACKED IN CELL MONOCHROMIC ELECTROCHROMES

ELECTRICALLY CLAIMANT DEVICE WITH VARIABLE OPTICAL AND/OR ENERGETIC CHARACTERISTICS

COLORED ELEKTROCHROMI ANNOUNCEMENT WITH OVER-EACH OTHER-STORED ELEKTROCHROMI LAYERS

STURDY, CONJUGATION POLYMER ABSTENTION ELECTRICAL CHROME DEVICES WITH IONI LIQUIDS

ELECTRICAL CHROME ARRANGEMENT

Stabilized electrochromic module

ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

Disclosed are an electrochromic material containing a π-electron conjugated polymer that changes from a desired color developed state to a decolored state and a method for producing the same. The electrochromic material contains a π-electron conjugated polymer as shown in chemical formula (1). (In the formula, each X is any one selected from -S-, -O-, -Se- and -Te-; each Y is any one selected from a hydrogen atom and a C1-20 organic group; W is an arylene group or divalent heteroaromatic ring group; n is a number 2 - 1000, and repetition of this structure forms a structure of random copolymers, grafted copolymers, block copolymers and/or dendrimers.) ...

THERMOPLASTIC ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS

Disclosed are electrochromic materials containing a film-forming polymer with a Tg less than 100 °C; a plasticizer; an electrochromophore; an electron mediator; and a salt. Also disclosed are electrochromic devices using such electrochromic materials that can provide light-filtering, color-modulation, or reflectance-modulation in variable transmittance windows, variable-reflectance mirrors and other dynamic glazing applications.

ELECTROPOLYMERIZATION OF ENHANCED ELECTROCHROMIC (EC) POLYMER FILM

Electropolymerization of EC monomers is employed to obtain an EC polymer film deposited on a substrate. A first embodiment of a method to produce the film employs cyclic voltammetry alone, while a second embodiment (212) deposits a very thin homogeneous layer using chronoamperometry (216), and then cyclic voltammetry is employed to increase the density of the film (218). Another aspect of the present invention is directed to specific web like configurations for a grid of conductive material deposited onto a transparent substrate. The web like configuration is based either on concentric circles, or on concentric ellipses. Yet another aspect of the present invention is directed to an imaging system including a digital window that is disposed between a prism and a patterned analytic layer.

ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMERIC SOLID FILMS, MANUFACTURING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES USING SUCH SOLID FILMS, AND PROCESSES FOR MAKING SUCH SOLID FILMS AND DEVICES

The present invention relates to electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films and processes for making such solid films and devices. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention exhibit beneficial properties and characteristics, especially when compared to known electrochromic media. The electrochromic polymeric solid films are transformed in situ from a low viscosity electrochromic monomer composition by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and in so doing minimum shrinkage occurs. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention also perform well under prolonged coloration, outdoor weathering and all-climate exposure, and provide an inherent safety aspect not known to electrochromic media heretofore.

Electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films, and processes for making such solid films and devices

The present invention relates to electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films and processes for making such solid films and devices. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention exhibit beneficial properties and characteristics, especially when compared to known electrochromic media. The electrochromic polymeric solid films are transformed in situ from a low viscosity electrochromic monomer composition by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and in so doing minimum shrinkage occurs. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention also perform well under prolonged coloration, outdoor weathering and all-climate exposure, and provide an inherent safety aspect not known to electrochromic media heretofore.

BLACK MATRIX AND FABRICATION METHOD THEREOF, DISPLAY PANEL AND DISPLAY DEVICE

Embodiments of the disclosure disclose a black matrix and a fabrication method thereof, a display panel and a display device. The black matrix comprises: a first transparent electrode layer and a second transparent electrode layer stacked on a substrate, and an electrochromic layer provided between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer. The electrochromic layer is black when there is a voltage difference between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer, and the electrochromic layer is transparent when there is no voltage difference between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer. 1. A black matrix , comprising: a first transparent electrode layer and a second transparent electrode layer stacked on a substrate , and an electrochromic layer provided between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer ,wherein the electrochromic layer is black when there is a voltage difference between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer, and the electrochromic layer is transparent when there is no voltage difference between the first transparent electrode layer and the second transparent electrode layer.2. The black matrix according to claim 1 , whereinthe second transparent electrode layer is far away from the substrate,both the second transparent electrode layer and the electrochromic layer are of a grid-like structure, and openings of the electrochromic layer and openings of the second transparent electrode layer are disposed to correspond to each other one by one.3. The black matrix according to claim 1 , whereinthe electrochromic layer comprises an electrolyte film and an electrochromic film disposed in a stacking manner.4. The black matrix according to claim 3 , wherein the electrolyte film is made of a polymer electrolyte.5. The black matrix according to claim 4 , wherein the ...

AN ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOSITION, A METHOD OF FORMING THE ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOSITION AND AN ELECTROCHROMIC APPARATUS

TUNABLE BRAGG STACK

PI-ELECTRON CONJUGATED COMPOUND, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR, AND PI-ELECTRON CONJUGATED POLYMER OBTAINED USING SAME

RADIATIVE SURFACE

Surface radiative comprenant un premier polymère conducteur ionique et un deuxième polymère conducteur électronique et électrochrome, l'ensemble constituant un réseau semi-interpénétré ou interpénétré de polymères. Ledit réseau comprend en outre au moins une première couche métallique sur une première face en contact avec les rayonnements solaires afin de diminuer l'absorptivité des rayonnements solaires, ledit réseau étant imprégné d'un électrolyte.

SOLUBLE ALTERNATING DONOR-ACCEPTOR CONJUGATED POLYMER ELECTROCHROMES

Embodiments of the invention are directed to alternating donor-acceptor (DA) polymers that are soluble and display a blue or green neutral state that oxidizes to a transmissive state for use as an electrochromic polymer. The D units have 3,4-dioxythiophene, 3,6-dialkoxythieno[3,2-b]thiophene or 3,5-dialkoxy-dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiophene groups. Embodiments of the invention are directed to a method for preparation of the alternating DA polymeric sequences of the DA polymers by a cross-condensation of a nucleophilic acceptor monomer and an electrophilic donor monomer.

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES AND POLYMER COMPOSITIONS

Blending an electrically active, anodically coloring, electrochromic polymer with a non-electrochromic, non-electrically conductive binder polymer greatly enhances the performance of the anodically coloring, electrochromic polymer in an electrochromic device over time. In addition to improved physical characteristics of the blend, e.g., film build, durability etc, the coloristic properties, including color space and color strength, of the device comprising the blend are more durable than when using the neat polymer, and in certain instances, the color space and color intensity provided by the blend is superior to that available from the neat polymer.

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES AND POLYMER COMPOSITIONS

ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY APPARATUS

Electrochromic display device and electrodeposition display device

mobile terminal, method to change an appearance of a mobile terminal device, and, system

AN ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOSITION, A METHOD OF FORMING THE ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOSITION AND AN ELECTROCHROMIC APPARATUS

An electrochromic apparatus comprises a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer spaced from and disposed substantially parallel to the first electrode. An electrochromic layer is disposed between the first and second electrode layers. An electrolyte layer is disposed between the electrochromic layer and one of the electrode layers. The electrochromic layer comprises the dehydration reaction product of a hydrolyzed aromatic component. An electrochromic composition comprises an aromatic component having an aromatic core and at least two silicon-based groups pending from the aromatic core. The silicon-based groups have a silicon-bonded group selected from the group of hydrolyzable groups, hydrolyzates of hydrolyzable groups, and combinations thereof. The thickness of the electrochromic layer may be minimized while achieving desirable electrochromic properties that are typically characteristic of thicker electrochromic layers, thereby imparting the electrochromic apparatus with excellent ...

THERMOPLASTIC ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS

Disclosed are electrochromic materials containing a film-forming polymer with a Tg less than 100 °C; a plasticizer; an electrochromophore; an electron mediator; and a salt. Also disclosed are electrochromic devices using such electrochromic materials that can provide light-filtering, color-modulation, or reflectance-modulation in variable transmittance windows, variable-reflectance mirrors and other dynamic glazing applications.

LOW-COST CHROMATIC DEVICES

In one embodiment, a chromatic device includes an active layer and an electrolyte layer in contact with the active layer, wherein the active layer has an opaque color that blocks light but changes to a translucent color that transmits light when a metal object is placed in electrical contact with the active layer in the presence of the electrolyte layer.

MULTI-COLOR SYTEMS, LOW VAPOR PRESSURE SOLVENT, AND ARRAY DIMMING CONTROLS FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

The present invention provides apparatus and methods for multi-color electrochromic devices, an electrolyte for electrochromic devices comprising γ-butyrolactone (gamma-butyrolactone), and electrochromic device control systems and methods. In one embodiment, pixels of a first color electrochromic material (i.e. pigment) are arranged in first areas on a substrate with pixels of a second color electrochromic material in second areas to define a two-dimensional pattern of the first and second color. When the applied electric field or current supplied is changed, the device may produce the respective colors of the electrochromic materials and may produce a blended color because of the pixel arrangement. The electrolyte may include polymethylmethacrylate. In another embodiment, the electrolyte may further include a salt, and may include propylene carbonate. In a further embodiment, a window system includes a plurality of transparent windows, a plurality of electrochromic devices, a plurality ...

Novel Electrochromic Materials, Devices And Applications Of The Same

This invention discloses how EC devices can be fabricated as tags or labels; and further the materials used, device structures and how these can be processed by printing technologies. In addition, systems using displays of such EC devices and their integration with other components are described for forming labels and tags, etc, that may be actuated wirelessly or powered with low voltage and low capacity batteries. 1. An electrooptic device , comprising:an electrically conductive electrode pattern on a substrate;an electrooptic material in electrical contact with the said electrode pattern; andwherein an electrical activation of the electrode pattern results in an irreversible optical change to the electrooptic material.2. The electrooptic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive electrode pattern further comprises an interdigitated electrically conductive electrode pattern of opposing electrodes on a substrate.3. The electrooptic device of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is a polymeric material.4. The electrooptic device of claim 2 , wherein the substrate is flexible.5. The electrooptic device of claim 2 , wherein the interdigitated electrodes are transparent or opaque.6. The electrooptic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrooptic material further comprises an electrochromic material.7. The electrooptic device of claim 6 , wherein the electrochromic material is in a separate layer from an electrolyte.8. The electrooptic device of claim 6 , wherein the electrochromic material is in a same layer as an electrolyte.9. The electrooptic device of claim 6 , wherein the electrochromic material is in a same layer as an electrolyte and the electrochromic material is also in a separate layer from the electrolyte.10. The electrooptic device of claim 6 , wherein the electrochromic material also functions as an electrolyte.11. The electrooptic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrooptic material is constructed as an electrooptic layer.12. The electrooptic ...

Stable electrochromic module

Electrochromic module including first and second substrates is provided in which the first and/or second substrate are/is electrically conductive or are/is equipped with an electrically conductive coating. A first electrochromic polymer coating is arranged on the first substrate or the conductive coating, an ion-storage or charge-compensating layer is arranged on the second substrate or the conductive coating, and a polymer gel electrolyte is disposed between the electrochromic coating and the ion-storage or charge-compensating layer. The electrochromic polymer, a polymer of tetraarylbenzidine and (hetero)aromatic diol, is colorless in one redox state and colored in at least two redox states. The ion-storage or charge-compensating layer is formed from material selected from the group comprising cerium oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide and mixtures thereof or redox-active polymer. The inventive modules achieve a large number of switching ...

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

An electrochromic element composed of an electrochromic layer comprising a specified electrically conductive polymer and an ionically conductive substance layer containing a viologen compound, both sandwiched between two electrically conductive substrates at least one of which is transparent.

Pi-electron conjugated compound, manufacturing method therefor, and pi-electron conjugated polymer obtained using same

Disclosed is a p-electron conjugated polymer that is suitable as an electrochromic material that changes from a desired color-developed state to a decolored state and that has a structural unit represented by general formula (2); further disclosed are a novel compound that is the starting material thereof and a manufacturing method therefor. (2) [In the formula, each X independently represents one selected from a group comprising an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and -NH- and -NR1- (wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl group with 1-20 carbons, or an optionally substituted aryl group with 6-20 carbons); each Y independently represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; each Z independently represents one selected from a group comprising a hydrogen atom and an optionally substituted organic group with 1-20 carbons; W is one selected from a group comprising an ethenylene group, an optionally substituted ethenylene group, an optionally substituted arylene group, and an optionally substituted ...

ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOSITION

STRUCTURE ELECTROCHROME FLEXIBLE AND MANUFACTORING PROCESS OF CETTESTRUCTURE

ELECTROCHROMIC MIRROR AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF

MULTI-COLORED CONJUGATED POLYMERS WITH HIGHLY TRANSMISSIVE OXIDIZED STATE

Embodiments of the invention are directed to random conjugated copolymers comprising a plurality of one or more different donor (D) repeating units and a plurality of at least one acceptor (A) repeating unit. At least one of the D units has a solubilizing substituent, statistically a portion of the A repeating units are separated from each other by only one D units and a plurality of the A unit are adjacent to one the D units having the solubilizing substituents. The random conjugated copolymers are black or colored in the neutral state and highly transmissive in the oxidized state. The random conjugated copolymers have the structure -[(D)xA]n-, where x > 1 and n(x+l) ≥ 10 or the structure - [(DA)x-(D'A)y]n-, where D represents one substituted D unit and D' represents another D units and where x ≥ 1, y ≥ 1 and 2n(x+y) ≥ 10. Other embodiments of the invention are directed to forming the -[(D)xA]n- or -[(DA)x-(D'A)y]n- random conjugated copolymers by condensation polymerizations between monomers ...

Electrochemical pixel device

A pixel device is provided, which comprises; (A) an electrochemical transistor device with a source and a drain contact; a gate electrode; an electrochemically active element arranged between, and in direct electrical contact with, the source and drain contacts, which electrochemically active element comprises a transistor channel and is of a material comprising an organic material having the ability of electrochemically altering its conductivity through change of redox state thereof; and a solidified electrolyte in direct electrical contact with the electrochemically active element and the gate electrode and interposed between them in such a way that electron flow between the electrochemically active element and said gate electrode(s) is prevented; whereby flow of electrons between source contact and drain contact is controllable by means of a voltage applied to said gate electrode(s), and (B) an electrochromic device comprising: an electrochromic element comprising (i) a material that ...

防眩ミラー、車両および防眩ミラーの製造方法

ION CONDUCTOR AND ELECTROCHEMICAL DISPLAY DEVICE UTILIZING THE SAME

An ion conductor and an electrochemical display device utilizing the same. It is demanded that the ion conductor for use between electrodes of an electrochemical display device, etc. simultaneously have high ion conductivity and capability as a separator. A polymer gel electrolyte is known as such an ion conductor. However, there has been a problem such that from the viewpoint of miscibility between organic polymer as an electrolytic solution holder and solvent of the electrolytic solution, the type of solvent of the electrolytic solution is restricted dependent on the type of organic polymer employed. This problem has been resolved by, for example, an ion conductor comprising organic polymer microparticles containing 20 to 80 mass% of ultrafine particles of inorganic compound and an electrolytic solution having penetrated in the organic polymer microparticles, wherein the ultrafine particles of inorganic compound have an average particle diameter of 500 nm or less while the organic polymer ...

DEVICE ELECTROCOMMANDABLE HAS PROPERTIES OPTICAL AND/OR ENERGETIQUESVARIABLES

ELECTRICALLY-OPERATED DEVICE WITH VARIABLE OPTICAL AND/OR ENERGETIC PROPERTIES

The invention concerns an electrically-operated device with variable transmission or reflection optical/energetic properties, comprising at least one support substrate provided with a stack of layers with electrochromic function comprising at least two active electrochromic layers, separated by an electrolyte, said stack being arranged between two electrical leads, respectively lower and upper ( lower corresponding to the electrical lead closes to the support substrate, as opposed to the upper electrical lead furthest from said substrate). The invention is characterized in that the electrochromic material constituting the two active layers is identical, and said electrochromic material is selected among those whereof the colouring is not a linear function of the loads introduced.

UNIQUE PROCESSABLE GREEN POLYMER WITH A TRANSMISSIVE OXIDIZED STATE FOR REALIZATION OF COMMERICAL RGB BASED ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE APPLICATIONS

In the present invention a method for synthesis of neutral state green polymer PDOPEQ) is developed. The method developed in this invention is characterized by; a) obtaining 2,3-bis(3,4-bis(decyloxy)phenyl)-5,8-dibromoquinoxaline, b) b) obtaining tributyl (2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][l,4]dioxin-5-yl)stannane c) c) Using coupling to attach donor EDOT moieties to the acceptor quinoxaline unit to give the title compound (DOPEQ) in satisfactory yields; d) obtaining neutral state green polymer (PDOPEQ) by using either electrochemical or chemical methods. The polymers synthesized up to date mainly absorb/reflect blue and red colors in the reduced state. Conversely, to obtain a green colored polymer in the reduced state, one should have two absorption bands centered at the blue and red regions of the visible spectrum and moreover, these absorption bands should be manipulated in the same manner at applied potentials.

ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY DEVICE

An electrochromic display device comprises an ionic conduction layer containing an electrochromic polymer that has a bipyridine ion pair structure and a metallocene structure and/or a dihydrophenazine structure. The display device has low leakage current and reduced persistence after a long time of use.

SWITCHABLE WINDOW BASED ON ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMERS

Syntheses of a new blue EC monomer (ProDOT-MePro), and a new red EC monomer (ProDOP-Et2) are described. Two additional new types of EC monomers based on 3, 4-alkylenedioxythiophene include fluorinated EC monomers and an EC monomer including silicon. EC polymer devices having more than one different color EC polymer to enable additional colors to be provided using subtractive color mixing are also described, as well as EC polymer devices incorporating a logo, image, or text, are generally obscured when the device is colored, but become visible when the device is not colored. Also described are EC polymer devices that include a cathodic EC polymer layer, a gel electrolyte, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode. Working prototypes of such devices exhibit significant increases in the speed of transition of the EC device from a colored state to a transparent state.

Electrochromic display apparatus

Pi-electron conjugated compound, manufacturing method therefor, and pi-electron conjugated polymer obtained using same

STRUCTURE ELECTROCHROME FLEXIBLE AND MANUFACTORING PROCESS OF THIS STRUCTURE

La présente se rapporte à une structure électrochrome souple fonctionnant en réflexion à des longueurs d'onde comprises entre 0, 35 et 20 µm. Elle comprend une membrane microporeuse incluant un électrolyte et, déposées sur chacune des surfaces de la membrane microporeuse, de manière symétrique par rapport à ladite membrane, successivement et dans cet ordre : une couche formant une électrode réfléchissante, une couche de polymère conducteur électrochrome, et une fenêtre souple et transparente à des longueurs d'onde comprises entre 0, 35 et 20 µm.

NOVEL ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS, DEVICES AND APPLICATIONS OF THE SAME

This invention discloses how EC devices can be fabricated as tags or labels; and further the materials used, device structures and how these can be processed by printing technologies. In addition, systems using displays of such EC devices and their integration with other components are described for forming labels and tags, etc, that may be actuated wirelessly or powered with low voltage and low capacity batteries.

A METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CHANGING AN OBJECT'S COLOUR

A portable electronic device, in particular a mobile phone, the electronic device including a casing made of an electrochromic polymer material, the polymer material being configured to receive an electric charge, and at least partially change colour in response to the received electric charge. The mobile phone may be configured to change to a plurality of different colours, each colour change being associated with a device functionality. Different colours may be associated with different callers, so that the phone changes colour on receiving an incoming call to indicate the caller. The electronic device could alternatively be in the form of a set of toy building blocks made of an electrochromic polymer. The blocks can receive a wireless signal from a base station to trigger a colour change.

MULTI-COLOR SYTEMS, LOW VAPOR PRESSURE SOLVENT, AND ARRAY DIMMING CONTROLS FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

The present invention provides apparatus and methods for multi-color electrochromic devices, an electrolyte for electrochromic devices comprising γ-butyrolactone (gamma-butyrolactone), and electrochromic device control systems and methods. In one embodiment, pixels of a first color electrochromic material, i.e. pigment, are arranged in first areas (731) on a substrate (710) with pixels of a second color electrochromic material in second areas (733) to define a two-dimensional pattern of the first and second color. When the applied electric field or current supplied is changed, the device may produce the respective colors of the electrochromic materials and may produce a blended color because of the pixel arrangement. The electrolyte (740) may include polymethymetacrylate. In another embodiment, the electrolyte may further include a salt, and may include propylene carbonate. In a further embodiment, a window system includes a plurality of transparent windows, a plurality of electrochromics ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL PIXEL DEVICE

A pixel device is provided, which comprises: (A) an electrochemical transistor device with a source and a drain contact; a gate electrode; an electrochemically active element arranged between, and in direct electrical contact with, the source and drain contacts, which electrochemically active element comprises a transistor channel and is of a material comprising an organic material having the ability of electrochemically altering its conductivity through change of redox state thereof; and a solidified electrolyte in direct electrical contact with the electrochemically active element and the gate electrode and interposed between them in such a way that electron flow between the electrochemically active element and said gate electrode(s) is prevented; whereby flow of electrons between source contact and drain contact is controllable by means of a voltage applied to said gate electrode(s), and (B) an electrochromic device comprising: an electrochromic element comprising (i) a material that ...

Electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films, and processes for making such solid films and devices

The present invention relates to electrochromic polymeric solid films, manufacturing electrochromic devices using such solid films and processes for making such solid films and devices. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention exhibit beneficial properties and characteristics, especially when compared to known electrochromic media. The electrochromic polymeric solid films are transformed insitu from a low viscosity electrochromic monomer composition by exposure to electromagnetic radiation, and in so doing minimum shrinkage occurs. The electrochromic polymeric solid films of the present invention also perform well under prolonged coloration, outdoor weathering and all-climate exposure, and provide an inherent safety aspect not known to electrochromic media heretofore.

Devices containing compositions comprising cathodically coloring electrochromic polymers and binder polymers

Electrically active, cathodically coloring electrochromic polymers are blended with a non-electrochromic, non-electrically conductive binder polymer to provide an electrochomic composition with greatly enhanced performance in an electrochromic device over time. It is also found that blending an electrochromic polymer with a non-coloring electroactive material allows for greater design in preparing electrochromic devices as it enables the use of a higher amount of typically low coloring anodic materials due to increased need for charge balancing.

Low power, configurable display for mobile devices

A method and apparatus for modifying an appearance of a mobile terminal are provided. A mobile terminal housing is provided with a window (302). A first electrode (304) is formed inside the window. A conductive polymer layer (310) is formed over the first electrode. An electrolyte layer (318) is formed over the conductive polymer layer. An ion storage layer (324) is formed in contact with the electrolyte layer. A second electrode (326) is formed in contact with the ion storage layer. A power supply is provided for supplying a voltage to the first electrode and the second electrode, where a state of the conductive polymer layer changes from a first uncolored state to a second colored state upon application of the voltage and where the changing of the state of the conductive polymer layer modifies a visual appearance of the housing.

Electrically-operated device with variable optical and/or energetic properties

Electrically controllable device having variable optical/energy properties in transmission or in reflection, comprising at least one carrier substrate provided with a stack of electrochromic functional layers, including at least two electrochromic active layers, separated by an electrolyte, said stack being placed between two current leads, namely the lower current lead and the upper current leadrespectively (''lower'' corresponding to the current lead closest to the carrier substrate, as opposed to the ''upper'' current lead which is furthest from said substrate), characterized in that the electrochromic material constituting the two active layers is identical, and this electrochromic material is chosen from those whose coloration is not a linear function of the charge insertion.

RADIATIVE SURFACE

ELECTRICALLY-OPERATED DEVICE WITH VARIABLE OPTICAL AND/OR ENERGETIC PROPERTIES

The invention concerns an electrically- operated device with variable transmission or reflection optical/energetic properties, comprising at least one support substrate provided with a stack of layers with electrochromic function comprising at least two active electrochromic layers, separated by an electrolyte, said stack being arranged between two electrical leads, respectively lower and upper (lower corresponding to the electrical lead closes to the support substrate, as opposed to the upper electrical lead furthest from said substrate). The invention is characterized in that the electrochromic material constituting the two active layers is identical, and said electrochromic material is selected among those whereof the colouring is not a linear function of the loads introduced. © KIPO & WIPO 2007 ...

전기변색 장치 및 중합체 조성물

... 본 발명은 전기 활성 양극 착색, 전기변색 중합체를 비-전기변색, 비-전기 전도성 결합제 중합체와 블렌딩하여 시간 경과에 따라 전기변색 장치에서의 양극 착색, 전기변색 중합체의 성능을 크게 향상시키는 것에 관한 것이다. 또한, 블렌드의 개선된 물리적 특징, 예를 들면 도막 두께, 내구성 등 이외에, 블렌드를 포함하는 장치의 색상 공간 및 색상 강도를 비롯한 색채화적 성질은 니트 중합체를 사용하는 경우보다 내구성이 더 크며, 특정의 경우에서 블렌드에 의하여 제공되는 색상 공간 및 색상 세기는 니트 중합체로부터 얻을 수 있는 것보다 더 우수하다.

STABLE CONJUGATED POLYMER ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES INCORPORATING IONIC LIQUIDS

Electrochemical synthesis of conjugated polymers in ionic liquids, achievement of electroactivity and electrochroism of conjugated polymers in ionic liquids, and the use of the resulting conjugated polymers for the fabrication of electrochromic devices incorporating ionic liquids (28) as electrolytes are described.

ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY DEVICE AND ELECTRODEPOSITION DISPLAY DEVICE

A polymer layer which is present in contact with a transparent pixel electrode controlled by a TFT serving as a driving element and electrically active and the color of which is changed because of electrochemical oxidation or reduction and a polymer solid electrolyte layer provided in contact with the polymer layer and containing a colorant are interposed between the transparent electrode and a common electrode. Because the color changes because of electrochemical oxidation or reduction, the contrast and black density are enhanced and long-term fading is prevented.

SWITCHABLE WINDOW BASED ON ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMERS

可溶性交互ドナー−アクセプター共役ポリマーエレクトロクロム

Multiple controlled electrochromic devices for visible and IR modulation

An electrochromic device (ECD) includes an electrochromic cell and, optionally, one or more additional electrochromic cells where all cells are parallel, and where at least one of the electrodes of one of the cells comprises a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) film. The electrochromic cells allow the control of transmittance of two or more di fferent portions of the electromagnetic spectrum through the ECD. One cell can control the transmittance of visible radiation while the other cell can control the transmittance of IR radiation. The ECD can be employed as a "smart window" to control the heat and light transmission through the window. The ECD can be in the form of a laminate that can be added to an existing window.

전기 변색 소자

... 서로 마주하는 제1 전극과 제2 전극, 상기 제1 전극과 상기 제2 전극 사이에 위치하며 전기 변색 물질을 포함하는 전기 변색 층, 그리고 상기 제1 전극과 상기 제2 전극 사이에서 상기 전기 변색 층과 접촉하며 전자 수용성 분자(electron accepting molecule)를 포함하는 전해질을 포함하는 전기 변색 소자에 관한 것이다.

BISTER-PYRIDINE-TYPE MONOMER AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, POLYMER MATERIAL DERIVED FROM SAID MONOMER AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME, AND ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

This invention provides (1) a ter-pyridine-type monomer which can be strongly coordinated to a metal, and (2) a polymer material which can easily control color development and decoloration by controlling the potential and, at the same time, can be fabricated. The bister-pyridine-type monomer as the first invention comprises a first ter-pyridyl substituent (A), a second ter-pyridyl substituent (B), and at least one spacer of a benzene ring for connecting both the substituents (A) and (B). The polymer material as the second invention comprises a polymer comprising a bister-pyridine derivative derived form the monomer as the first invention, a metal ion, and a counter anion, or a polymer comprising first to Nth (wherein N is an integer of 2 or more) bister-pyridine derivative and first to Nth (wherein N is an integer of 2 or more) metal ion, and first to Nth (wherein N is an integer of 2 or more) counter anion.

ELECTROCHROMIC COMPONENT HAVING AN ELECTROLYTE FILM AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREFOR

The invention relates to an organic electrochromic component, for example, a so-called smart window and/or a display having an extended serviceable life. According to the invention, the conventional liquid electrolyte, which had been protected from environmental influences by using complex sealing techniques, is replaced by a solid electrolyte that is more stable and easier to process.

High resolution patterning on conductive fabric by inkjet printing and its application for real wearable displays

Disclosed herein are methods of using inkjet printing for high resolution patterning of conductive fabric in the preparation of electrochromic devices. The process finds utility in the preparation of wearable electronic garments and other electrochromic devices.

디스플레이 장치

... 전기변색 패시브-매트릭스 디스플레이(100)가 개시되는데, 여기서 패시브 어드레스된 각각의 픽셀 셀(111. 112, 113)은 전기변색 및 전기화학적으로 활성인 폴리머(121)와 전기전도성 탄소(122)를 이온적으로 연결하는 전해질(113)을 포함한다. 결론적으로, 각 픽셀은 전기변색 디스플레이에서 크로스토크를 감소시키기 위해 충분한 확실한 문턱 전압을 갖는다.

ELECTROCHROMIC FORMULATION, MANUFACTURING PROCESS THEREFOR AND ELECTROCHROMIC ORGANIC COMPONENT

The invention relates to formulations and use thereof in organically-based electrochromic components, for example for manufacturing displays and/or status displays with particularly brilliant effects. To this end, instead of the previously common addition of a white pigment, particles are added that have the color effects of the formulation.

ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE

The present invention relates to electrochemical devices comprising an electrochemically active layer (205) having the ability of electrochemically altering its redox state. By providing a portion (211) of an electrode (210) of corrosion resistant material between an electrolyte (201) and an electrochemically active layer (205), undesired discoloration due to the electrochemical reaction of an electrochemical device is reduced.

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT, OPTICAL FILTER, LENS UNIT, IMAGE PICKUP APPARATUS, AND WINDOW MEMBER

Provided is an electrochromic element, including a first electrode, a second electrode, a carrier, and an electrolyte, and an anodic organic electrochromic compound and a cathodic redox substance that are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode being transparent, in which: the electrolyte, and the anodic organic electrochromic compound and the cathodic redox substance are mixed; the electrolyte is in contact with the first electrode, the second electrode, and the carrier; the carrier has a redox substance; the reduced form of the redox substance of the carrier is more easily oxidized than the reduced form of the anodic organic electrochromic compound. 1. An electrochromic element , comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;a carrier; andan electrolyte, an anodic organic electrochromic compound, and a cathodic redox substance that are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode,at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode being transparent, wherein:the electrolyte, the anodic organic electrochromic compound, and the cathodic redox substance are mixed;the electrolyte is in contact with the first electrode, the second electrode, and the carrier;the carrier further has a redox substance; anda reduced form of the redox substance of the carrier is more easily oxidized than a reduced form of the anodic organic electrochromic compound.2. An electrochromic element , comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;a carrier; andan electrolyte, a cathodic organic electrochromic compound, and an anodic redox substance that are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode,at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode being transparent, wherein:the electrolyte, the cathodic organic electrochromic compound, and the anodic redox substance are mixed;the electrolyte is in contact with the first electrode, the second electrode, and ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE HAVING THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRODE

An electrochromic device comprises (i) a conductive layer, (ii) an electrochromic material, on the conductive layer, (iii) an electrolyte, on the electrochromic material, and (iv) a counter-electrode, on the electrolyte. The conductive layer has a surface roughness factor (SRF) of at least 10, and the conductive layer comprises a semi-metal. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:(i) a conductive layer,(ii) an electrochromic material, on the conductive layer(iii) an electrolyte, on the electrochromic material, and(iv) a counter-electrode, on the electrolyte,wherein the conductive layer has a surface roughness factor (SRF) of at least 10, andthe conductive layer comprises an n-type degenerate semiconductor.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic material is an organic electrochromic material.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer has a SRF of at least 100.4. (canceled)5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer is transparent.6. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of fluorinated tin oxide claim 1 , aluminum-zinc oxide claim 1 , antimony-tin oxide and indium-tin oxide.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic material is a viologen.8. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate claim 1 , and the conductive layer is on the substrate.9. (canceled)10. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises one member selected from the group consisting of liquid electrolytes and polymer electrolytes.11. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises one member selected from the group consisting of liquid electrolytes and ionic liquid electrolytes.12. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent.13. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein ...

Electrochromic device and method for producing electrochromic device

To provide an electrochromic device including: a support; a first electrode formed on the support; a second electrode facing the first electrode, where through-holes are formed in the second electrode; an electrochromic layer disposed in a space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first electrolyte layer disposed in the space between the first electrode and the second electrode; a second electrolyte layer disposed to communicate with the first electrolyte layer through the through-holes; an inorganic protective layer, which is disposed on a surface of the second electrolyte layer not facing the second electrode, and is configured to shield oxygen and water vapor; and an organic protective layer disposed on a surface of the inorganic protective layer that does not face the second electrolyte layer.

Three-Dimensional (3D) Display Device

An embodiment of the present invention provides a three-dimensional (3D) display device. The 3D display device comprises: a display panel, configured to display an image and comprising a plurality of pixels; and a 3D grating, disposed at a light-emitting side of the display panel and comprising an electrochromic layer, wherein the electrochromic layer comprises a plurality of electrochromic strip bodies spaced apart from each other with an equal interval, and when a voltage is applied to each of the plurality of electrochromic strip bodies, a change between a light-shielding state and a light-transmitting state is achieved. 1. A three-dimensional (3D) display device , comprising:a display panel, configured to display an image and comprising a plurality of pixels; anda 3D grating, disposed at a light-emitting side of the display panel and comprising an electrochromic layer,wherein the electrochromic layer comprises a plurality of electrochromic strip bodies spaced apart from each other with an equal interval, and when a voltage is applied to each of the plurality of electrochromic strip bodies, a change between a light-shielding state and a light-transmitting state is achieved.2. The 3D display device according to claim 1 , wherein a state of the plurality of electrochromic strip bodies is converted from the light-shielding state to the light-transmitting state under a condition that the voltage is applied.3. The 3D display device according to claim 1 , wherein a state of the plurality of electrochromic strip bodies is converted from the light-transmitting state to the light-shielding state under a condition that the voltage is applied.4. The 3D display device according to claim 1 , wherein the plurality of electrochromic strip bodies have same width claim 1 , each of the plurality of electrochromic strip bodies corresponds to two adjacent columns of pixels in the display panel and one column of pixels among the two adjacent columns of pixels is configured to display ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE COMPRISING THREE OR FOUR LAYERS

The invention relates to an electrochromic device comprising: a working electrode () comprising an electrochromic material containing at least one electrochromic polymer, said electrode being optionally in contact with a current collector (); a solid electrolyte () which is in contact with each of said electrodes; and a counter-electrode () in a conductive metal material. The invention also relates to the various applications of such a device, especially for display. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:at least one electrochromic working electrode;a counter electrode;a solid electrolyte and optionally at most one current collector,said device additionally having means for applying a voltage to said electrodes, the solid electrolyte is in contact with each of said electrodes,', 'the counter electrode is a conductive metal material (MC), the redox potential of which corresponds to the upper potential of the potential window for operation of said electrochromic device., 'wherein the working electrode has an electrochromic material containing at least one electrochromic polymer, said electrode optionally being in contact with a current collector,'}2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic polymers of the working electrode are selected from the group consisting of poly(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) claim 1 , poly(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene) claim 1 , poly(3 claim 1 ,4-propylene-dioxythiophene) claim 1 , 4 claim 1 ,7-bis(2 claim 1 ,3-dihydrothieno[3 claim 1 ,4-b][1 claim 1 ,4]dioxin-5-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-bis(2-(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl)benzene claim 1 , copolymers based on pyrrole and on 3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene claim 1 , copolymers of 4-aminodiphenylamine and 4 claim 1 ,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone claim 1 , poly[2 claim 1 ,5-di(2-thienyl)-1H-pyrrole-1-(p-benzoic acid)] claim 1 , poly(9H-N-alkyl carbazoles) claim 1 , poly(3 claim 1 ,6-dinitro-9H-N-alkyl carbazoles) and poly ...

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

An electrochromic element, includes: a pair of electrodes (); and an electrochromic layer () disposed between the pair of electrodes (), the electrochromic element being controlled in transmittance by pulse width modulation, in which: the electrochromic layer () contains at least one of two or more kinds of anode electrochromic materials, or two or more kinds of cathode electrochromic materials; and all of one of the anode electrochromic materials and the cathode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or have a molecular length ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) of 1.4 or less, the electrochromic element being such that even when a driving environment temperature changes, its gradation can be controlled under a state in which its absorption spectrum is retained. 1. An electrochromic element , comprising:a pair of electrodes; andan electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes, the electrochromic element being controlled in transmittance by pulse width modulation,wherein: two or more anode electrochromic materials, or', 'two or more cathode electrochromic materials; and, 'the electrochromic layer contains at least one ofall of one of the anode electrochromic materials and the cathode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or have a molecular length ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) of 1.4 or less.2. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer contains the two or more anode electrochromic materials claim 1 , and all absolute values of differences in oxidation potential between the anode electrochromic materials are 60 mV or less.3. The electrochromic element according to claim 2 , wherein all the absolute values of the differences in oxidation potential between the anode electrochromic materials are 20 mV or less.4. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer contains the two or more cathode ...

ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMER AND SYNTHESIS AND USES THEREOF

The disclosure relates generally to black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers having superior properties such as absorbance of across the entire visible spectrum and an obvious color change from black to transmissive with an applied voltage. The disclosure also relates to methods for synthesizing or using the same. Further, the disclosure also relates to black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer thin films comprising the black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers, as well as electrochromic devices comprising the black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymers or thin films. 2. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein each Rand Ris independently C-Calkoxyalkyl.4. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein each Rand Ris hydrogen claim 1 , and each Rand Ris independently C-Calkoxy.6. The polymer of claim 1 , wherein each Rand Ris hydrogen.12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the polymerization condition comprises KCO claim 7 , PivOH claim 7 , and Pd(OAc).1318.-. (canceled)19. A black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer synthesized by the method of .21. The black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer of claim 20 , wherein the polymer is a black-to-transmissive electrochromic conjugated copolymer.22. The black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer of claim 20 , wherein the polymer has an average molecular weight of about 5.0-100 kDa.2324.-. (canceled)25. The black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer of claim 20 , wherein x is about 0.3 claim 20 , y′ is about 0.45 and z is about 0.25.26. The black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer of claim 20 , wherein x is about 0.4 claim 20 , y′ is about 0.35 and z is about 0.25.27. The black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer of claim 20 , wherein x is about 0.4 claim 20 , y′ is about 0.4 and z is about 0.2.28. (canceled)29. A black-to-transmissive electrochromic polymer thin film claim 1 , comprising an indium tin oxide (ITO) coated with a black-to-transmissive polymer of .3036.-. (canceled)37. A electrochromic device claim 1 , ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

Described are electrochromic devices and compositions as well as manufacturing methods for making such electrochromic devices by printing or wet processing of the compositions. The compositions are in the form of a suspension and comprise two or more monomers, nanoparticles of an electrochromic metal oxide, one or more metal salts of the form (M)z(R)y, where M is a metal cation and R is the corresponding salt anion, a carrier liquid and a solvent. The compositions are polymerised to form a composite layer comprising a polymer matrix that hosts the electrochromic nanoparticles and the electrolyte. At least a part of the metal salts (e.g. zinc acetate) is physically adsorbed onto the surface of the nanoparticles and acts as a dispersant. 1. An electrochromic device ,wherein said electrochromic device comprises a multitude of layers, an electrochromic composite layer,', 'a substrate layer upon which said electrochromic composite layer is disposed,', 'a layer capable of reversibly inserting ions, and', 'an ion conductive separator layer disposed between and electronically separating said electrochromic composite layer and said layer capable of reversibly inserting ions,, 'said multitude of layers comprising a matrix formed of one or more organic polymers, and dispersed within said matrix:', 'nanoobjects comprising one or more electrochromic metal oxides,', {'br': None, 'sup': a+', 'b−, 'sub': z', 'y, '(M)(R)\u2003\u2003(I),'}, 'one or more metal salts of formula (I)'}, 'wherein', {'sup': 'a+', 'M represents a metal cation,'}, {'sup': 'b−', 'R represents a corresponding salt anion,'}, 'a is 2, 3, 4 or 5,', 'b is 1, 2 or 3,', 'z is the least common multiple of a and b, divided by a, and', 'y is the least common multiple of a and b, divided by b,', 'wherein a molar fraction of metal ions M of said metal salts of formula (I) is in a range of from 0.02 to 6 mol %, based on a total amount of metal in said metal ions M of said metal salts of formula (I) and in said one or more ...

Methods for producing electrochromic films by low temperature condensation of polyoxometalates

Described are electrochromic films produced by low temperature condensation of polyoxometalates and applications thereof. A method of producing an electrochromic film includes depositing a polyoxometalate (POM) solution on a substrate to form a POM film. The POM solution includes anionic POM clusters and counter ions, and may be doped with near-infrared plasmonic nanocrystals. The film is chemically cured using an acid to condense the POM clusters within the POM film. Another method of producing an electrochromic film includes electrochemical deposition and condensation of POM clusters.

ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOUND, ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOSITION, ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT, AND ELECTROCHROMIC DIMMING ELEMENT

To provide an electrochromic compound represented by the following general formula (1) where Xand Xare each independently a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, R, Rand Rare each independently a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, x is an integer selected from 0 through 3, y and z are each independently an integer selected from 0 through 4, and at least one of Land Lis a monovalent functional group bonded to a nitrogen atom of a pyridinium ring directly, or via a divalent substituent. 2. The electrochromic compound according to claim 1 ,{'sup': 1', '3', '1', '2, 'wherein at least one selected from the group consisting of Rto Rand Land Lcomprises a functional group capable of directly or indirectly bonding to a hydroxyl group.'}3. The electrochromic compound according to claim 2 ,{'sup': 1', '2, 'wherein at least one of Land Lcomprises a functional group capable of directly or indirectly bonding to a hydroxyl group.'}4. The electrochromic compound according to claim 2 ,wherein the functional group is a phosphonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a silyl group, or a silanol group.5. An electrochromic composition claim 2 , comprising:a conductive or semiconductive nanostructure; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrochromic compound according to ,'}wherein the electrochromic compound is optionally bonded to or adsorbed on the conductive or semiconductive nanostructure.7. The electrochromic element according to claim 6 ,wherein the first electroactive layer comprises a mixture of:{'sup': 1', '2, 'the electrochromic compound, where both Land Lcomprise a monovalent functional group bonded to a nitrogen atom of a pyridinium ring directly, or via a divalent substituent, and'}{'sup': 1', '2, 'the electrochromic compound, where either Lor Lcomprises a monovalent functional group bonded to a nitrogen atom of a pyridinium ring directly, or via a divalent ...

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

An electrochromic element, which includes a pair of electrodes and an electrochromic layer disposed between the electrodes. The electrochromic layer contains at least one of two or more kinds of anode electrochromic materials, or two or more kinds of cathode electrochromic materials. All of one of the anode electrochromic materials and the cathode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or have a molecular length ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) of 1.4 or less, the electrochromic element being such that even when a driving environment temperature changes, its gradation can be controlled under a state in which its absorption spectrum is retained. 1. An electrochromic element , comprising:a pair of electrodes; andan electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes,wherein:the electrochromic layer contains at least one of:two or more anode electrochromic materials, ortwo or more cathode electrochromic materials; andall of the anode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or satisfy a condition that a molecular ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) is 1.4 or less, orall of the cathode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or satisfy a condition that a molecular ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) is 1.4 or less.2. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer contains the two or more anode electrochromic materials claim 1 , and all absolute values of differences in oxidation potential between the anode electrochromic materials are 60 mV or less.3. The electrochromic element according to claim 2 , wherein all the absolute values of the differences in oxidation potential between the anode electrochromic materials are 20 mV or less.4. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer contains the two or more cathode electrochromic materials claim 1 , and all absolute ...

NANOCRYSTAL-POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Described is an electrochromic nanocomposite film comprising a solid matrix of an oxide based material, the solid matrix comprising a plurality of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) nanostructures dispersed in the solid matrix and a lithium salt dispersed in the solid matrix. Also described is a near infrared nanostructured electrochromic device having a functional layer comprising the electrochromic nanocomposite film. 121-. (canceled)22. An electrochromic nanocomposite film comprising:a solid polymer matrix;a plurality of transparent conducting oxide (TCO) nanostructures dispersed in the solid polymer matrix; anda lithium salt dispersed in the solid polymer matrix.23. The electrochromic nanocomposite film of claim 22 , wherein the plurality of TCO nanostructures comprise at least one of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) claim 22 , aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) claim 22 , indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO) claim 22 , gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) claim 22 , zinc claim 22 , tin-doped indium oxide (ZITO) claim 22 , fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) claim 22 , or indium doped cadmium oxide (CdO:In).24. The electrochromic nanocomposite film of claim 22 , wherein the solid polymer matrix comprises a lithium ion-conducting solid polymer.25. The electrochromic nanocomposite film of claim 24 , wherein the lithium ion-conducting solid polymer comprises at least one of Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) claim 24 , Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) claim 24 , poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) claim 24 , cross-linked Poly(ethylene glycol) or a block copolymer PEO-block-poly (N claim 24 , N-dimethylacrylamide) (PEO-b-PDMA).26. The electrochromic nanocomposite film of claim 24 , wherein a weight ratio of the TCO nanostructures to the lithium ion-conducting solid polymer is approximately 1:10 to approximately 2:1.27. The electrochromic nanocomposite film of claim 22 , wherein the solid polymer matrix comprises a block copolymer comprising a first polymer that conducts lithium and a second polymer that ...

ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMER, FABRICATING METHOD AND COMPONENT COMPRISING THE SAME

An electrochromic polymer having formula (1), a method for fabricating the same, and a component comprising the same are disclosed. A device fabricated from the electrochromic polymer is capable of varying between purple and transparent and has advantages of easy fabrication, wide viewing angle, rich colors, high contrast, low driving voltage, and reduced response time. The device can realize storage without power consumption, and can be applied to the field of electrochromic display device. 2. The electrochromic polymer of claim 1 , wherein Ris a linear chain or side chain alkyl containing 4-15 carbon atoms.3. The electrochromic polymer of claim 1 , wherein Ris a linear chain or side chain alkyl containing 6-10 carbon atoms claim 1 , and n is an integer between 20 and 70.4. The electrochromic polymer of claim 1 , wherein Ris 2-ethylhexyl claim 1 , and n is an integer in between 40 and 70.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein Ris a linear chain or side chain alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms.7. The method of claim 5 , wherein Haland Halare selected independently from Cl and Br.8. The method of claim 5 , wherein the alkyl in the alkyl tin halide is a linear chain or side chain alkyl containing 1-4 carbon atoms.9. The method of claim 5 , wherein in step i) claim 5 , the compound having formula (2) reacts with the compound having formula (3) in a solvent selected from a group of methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene at temperature of about 100-140° C. for a duration of about 5-24 hours claim 5 , and p-toluenesulfonic acid is used as a catalyst.10. The method of claim 5 , wherein in step ii) claim 5 , the compound having formula (4) reacts with the compound having formula R—OH in a solvent selected from a group of N claim 5 ,N-dimethylformamide and N claim 5 ,N-dimethylacetamide claim 5 , at temperature of about 80˜120° C. for a duration of about 12˜48 hours.11. The method of claim 5 , wherein in step iii) claim 5 , the compound having formula (5) reacts with an alkyl tin ...

SMART DEVICE AND CONTROLLING METHOD THEREOF

A smart device and controlling method thereof are disclosed. The smart device includes a camera including a lens and an iris positioned over the lens, the iris including a single layer film; and a controller configured to cause the iris to adjust a size of an aperture formed in the film to adjust quantity of light incident on the lens. A method for controlling the smart device includes obtaining a video of a subject consecutively via the camera, using preset conditions; detecting a relative movement between the subject and the smart device; and adjusting at least one of the conditions based on the detected movement. 1. A smart device , comprising:a camera comprising a lens and an iris positioned over the lens, the iris comprising a single layer film; anda controller configured to cause the iris to adjust a size of an aperture formed in the film to adjust quantity of light incident on the lens.2. The smart device of claim 1 , wherein the iris is configured to adjust the size of the aperture by partially adjusting transparency of the film.3. The smart device of claim 2 , wherein the iris is further configured to adjust the transparency of the film by partially changing a color of the film.4. The smart device of claim 1 , wherein the film is formed of an electronic material that switches from a transparent state to a non-transparent state when a voltage is applied to the film.5. The smart device of claim 1 , wherein the film comprises PEDOT (poly(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) or LiCFSO.6. The smart device of claim 1 , wherein:the aperture comprises a plurality of apertures, each of the plurality of apertures having a different size; andthe iris comprises a multitude of films disposed concentrically in a same plane.7. The smart device of claim 6 , wherein:the multitude of the films comprise at least one pair of films that are disposed adjacent to each other;one of the at least one pair of films is disposed within an aperture of the other one of the at least one ...

PRE-FORMED POLYMER MATRIX DISC TO MAINTAIN UNIFORM CELL SPACING

An emissive display system includes an electro-optic device having a first substantially transparent substrate including a first electrically conductive material associated therewith. A second substantially transparent substrate is spaced apart from the first substrate to define a cavity and includes a second electrically conductive material associated therewith. One or more spacing members are positioned within the cavity and include one or more polymer matrix discs configured to maintain a cell spacing between the first and second substrates. An electro-optic medium is disposed within the cavity and is variably transmissive such that the electro-optic device is operable between substantially clear and darkened states, and includes at least one solvent, at least one anodic material, and at least one cathodic material. A substantially transparent light emitting display is operably coupled to the electro-optic device, which is in the darkened state when the light emitting display is emitting light. 1. An emissive display system , comprising:an electro-optic device comprising:a first substantially transparent substrate having a first electrically conductive material associated therewith;a second substantially transparent substrate spaced apart from the first substrate to define a cavity and having a second electrically conductive material associated therewith;one or more spacing members positioned within the cavity, wherein the one or more spacing members comprise one or more polymer matrix discs configured to maintain a cell spacing between the first and second substrates; at least one solvent;', 'at least one anodic material;', 'at least one cathodic material; and, 'an electro-optic medium disposed within the cavity, the electro-optic medium being variably transmissive such that the electro-optic device is operable between substantially clear and darkened states, the electro-optic medium comprisinga substantially transparent light emitting display operably coupled ...

ELECTROCHROMIC GRATING AND 3D DISPLAY DEVICE

The disclosure relates to a 3D display device. The 3D display device includes a display panel and an electrochromic grating that is located on a light output side of the display panel; wherein the electrochromic grating comprises: a first transparent electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer and a second transparent electrode layer that are overlapped on a substrate of the display panel in sequence. As the solid electrolyte layer is used replacing the process in prior art that an upper and lower glasses substrates are used to package the electrochromic grating and thus avoiding complex packaging process, the 3D display device can be thinned. Further, as the electrochromic grating is directly formed on the substrate of the display panel, alignment between the electrochromic grating and the sub-pixels in the display panel can be more simple and accurate. 1. An electrochromic grating configured to be disposed at a light output side of a display panel , the electrochromic grating comprising:a first transparent electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer and a second transparent electrode layer that are overlapped on a substrate of the display panel in sequence, the solid electrolyte layer having a high ion conductivity and a high transmission and being configured to supply ions to the electrochromic layer.2. The electrochromic grating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte layer is made of at least one solid lithium salt or solid polymer containing lithium.3. The electrochromic grating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:{'sub': 3', '3, 'the solid electrolyte layer is made of solid lithium salt comprising LiNbOand/or LiTaO; or'}{'sub': 3', '3', '4', '2', '3, 'the solid electrolyte layer is made of solid polymer containing lithium that comprises PEO-LiCFSOand/or PEO-LiClO—AlO.'}4. The electrochromic grating as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic grating further comprises an electrochromic storage ...

ELECTROCHROMIC PRIVACY WINDOW

An electrochromic (EC) privacy window includes an EC pane unit including a first EC device having a bright state and a dark state, and a privacy device facing the EC pane unit and having a bright state and a privacy state configured to attenuate visible radiation transmitted through the window. In some embodiments, when the privacy device is in the privacy state, the window has transmitted haze of greater that 80%. In other embodiments, when the privacy device is in the privacy state and the first EC device is in the dark state, the window has a visible transmittance of about 0.1% or less. 1. An electrochromic (EC) privacy window comprising:an EC pane unit comprising a first EC device having a bright state and a dark state; anda privacy device facing the EC pane unit and having a bright state and a privacy state configured to attenuate visible radiation transmitted through the window;wherein:when the privacy device is in the privacy state, the window has transmitted haze of greater that 80%, orwhen the privacy device is in the privacy state and the first EC device is in the dark state, the window has a visible transmittance of about 0.1% or less.2. The window of claim 1 , wherein:the privacy device comprises a second EC device having a bright state and a dark state corresponding to the privacy state; andthe first and second EC devices each have a dark state visible transmittance of about 3% or less.3. The window of claim 1 , wherein:the privacy device comprises a second EC pane unit having a bright state and a dark state corresponding to the privacy state, the dark state having visible transmittance of about 1% or less; andthe first EC pane unit has a dark state visible transmittance of about 5% or less.4. The window of claim 3 , further comprising a third pane located between the first EC pane unit and the second EC pane unit.5. The window of claim 1 , wherein the privacy device comprises polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) device or film having privacy state a ...

ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMER THIN FILMS HAVING REDUCED SELF-BLEACHING BEHAVIOR AND ENHANCED CYCLING STABILITY

The disclosure relates generally to electrochromic devices wherein the self-bleaching behavior of an electrochromic polymer (ECP) film is suppressed, and related methods. In some embodiments, provided are ECP films on modified transparent conductive oxide substrates, such as a partially octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) covered indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate (POTS-ITO substrate), methods of preparing the ECP films, and electrochromic devices comprising the films. 1. An electrochromic device (ECD) comprising an electrochromic polymer (ECP) film on a modified transparent conductive oxide substrate which is a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) substrate partially or fully covered with a modification material selected from C-Calkyltrichlorosilane , TiO , ZnO , WO , MoO , VO , NiO , NiO , and NiO , HMDS (bis(trimethylsilyl)amine) , APTS ((3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane) , and trimethoxy(2-phenylethyl)silane , poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) , poly(3 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) , or a combination thereof.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the transparent conductive oxide substrate comprises indium tin oxide (ITO) claim 1 , fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) claim 1 , aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) claim 1 , or antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) claim 1 , or a mixture thereof.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material is C-Calkyltrichlorosilane.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material is octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS).5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material is in the form of a thin layer.6. The electrochromic device of claim 5 , wherein the thickness of a thin layer is less than about 100 nm.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material fully covers the transparent conductive oxide substrate.8. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the modification material ...

ULTRATHIN, SOLUTION PHASE ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

An electrochromic device includes an electrochromic medium including a cathodic component, an anodic component, a hydroquinone, and a solvent. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a chamber defined by a substantially transparent first substrate, a second substrate, and a sealing member; andan electrochromic medium disposed within the chamber, the medium comprising a cathodic component, an anodic component, a hydroquinone, and a solvent.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the hydroquinone is tetramethylhydroquinone.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein:the first substrate comprises a first surface, and a second surface comprising a first substantially transparent, electrically conductive coating and disposed opposite to the first surface;the second substrate comprising a first surface comprising an electrically conductive coating, and a second surface disposed opposite to the first surface;the second surface of the first substrate and the first surface of the second substrate being located proximally to each other and having a substantially uniform spacing of distance, d, between them.4. The electrochromic device of claim 3 , wherein 0 μm Подробнее

COLOR EXCURSION MITIGATION IN ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

An electrochromic device includes a chamber defined by a first conductive surface of a first substrate, a second conductive surface of a second substrate, and a sealing member joining the first substrate to the second substrate; an electrochromic medium containing a blue cathodic electroactive compound and up to three anodic electroactive compounds; wherein the electrochromic medium is disposed within the chamber; the anodic electroactive compounds include a green anodic electroactive compound and one or two gray anodic electroactive compounds; and the anodic electroactive compounds include from about 8 mol % to about 15 mol % gray anodic electroactive compounds. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a chamber defined by a first conductive surface of a first substrate, a second conductive surface of a second substrate, and a sealing member joining the first substrate to the second substrate;an electrochromic medium comprising a blue cathodic electroactive compound and up to three anodic electroactive compounds;whereinthe electrochromic medium is disposed within the chamber;the anodic electroactive compounds comprise a green anodic electroactive compound and one or two gray anodic electroactive compounds; andthe anodic electroactive compounds comprise from about 8 mol % to about 15 mol % gray anodic electroactive compounds.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the anodic electroactive compounds comprise one green anodic electroactive compound and two gray anodic electroactive compounds.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the gray anodic electroactive compounds are selected from 2 claim 1 ,7-diisobutyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dineopentyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dihydrophenazine; 2 claim 1 ,7-di-2-ethylbutyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dineopentyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dihydrophenazine; 2 claim 1 ,7-di-2-ethylhexyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dineopentyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dihydrophenazine; and 2 claim 1 ,5 claim 1 ,7 claim 1 ,10-tetraneopentyl-5 claim 1 ,10-dihydrophenazine.4. The electrochromic ...

VEHICULAR MIRROR REFLECTIVE ELEMENT WITH ELECTROCHROMIC FILM

A mirror reflective element for a rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a glass substrate, an electrochromic film and a mirror reflector. The electrochromic film is provided as a pre-cut mirror shape film and is disposed at the glass substrate. The electrochromic film comprises an electrochromic polymer layer disposed between a front polymeric film and a rear polymeric film. The front polymeric film is disposed between the electrochromic polymer layer and the glass substrate and a transparent electrically conductive coating is disposed between the front polymeric film and the electrochromic polymer layer. An electrically conductive coating is disposed between the rear polymeric film and the electrochromic polymer layer. The polymeric films have respective overhang portions that extend outboard of any other portion of the electrochromic film at respective connecting regions for electrical connection to the electrically conductive coatings. 1. A mirror reflective element for a rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle , said mirror reflective element comprising:a glass substrate;an electrochromic film provided as a pre-cut mirror shape, wherein said electrochromic film is disposed at said glass substrate;wherein said electrochromic film comprises an electrochromic polymer layer that provides a variable transmission of light in response to a voltage applied thereto;wherein said electrochromic polymer layer is disposed between a front polymeric film and a rear polymeric film, wherein said front polymeric film is flexible and has a thickness dimension of at least about 250 microns and wherein said rear polymeric film is flexible and has a thickness dimension of at least about 250 microns;wherein said front polymeric film is disposed between said electrochromic polymer layer and said glass substrate and wherein a transparent electrically conductive coating is disposed between said front polymeric film and said electrochromic polymer layer, said transparent ...

SUNROOF INCORPORATING ELECTRO-OPTIC ELEMENT

A vehicle sunroof comprising an electro-optic device is disclosed. The electro-optic device forms a variable transmission window comprising a first layer, a second layer, and an electro-optic medium disposed between the first layer and the second layer. At least one of the first layer and the second layer correspond to a polymeric film. The sunroof further comprises a frame configured to connect the electro-optic device to the vehicle. 1. A vehicle sunroof comprising: a first layer;', 'a second layer;', 'an electro-optic medium disposed between the first layer and the second layer, wherein at least one of the first layer and the second layer correspond to a polymeric film; and, 'an electro-optic device forming a variable transmission window comprisinga frame configured to connect the electro-optic device to the vehicle.2. The sunroof according to claim 1 , further comprising a first protective substrate adjacent to the polymeric film.3. The sunroof according to claim 2 , wherein the polymeric film corresponds to a flexible material configured to conform to a contour of the first protective substrate.4. The sunroof according to claim 2 , wherein the first protective substrate forms an exterior protective layer of the sunroof.5. The sunroof according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one protective substrate is bonded to the polymeric film by a lamination layer.6. The sunroof according to claim 1 , wherein the first layer and the second layer each correspond to a film layer of flexible claim 1 , polymeric material.7. The sunroof according to claim 2 , further comprising a second protective substrate.8. The sunroof according to claim 7 , wherein the second protective substrate forms an interior protective layer of the sunroof.9. The sunroof according to claim 7 , wherein the first protective substrate is bonded to the first layer by a first lamination substrate and the second protective substrate is bonded to the second layer by a second lamination layer.10. The ...

Metal Sensitized Color Changing Material

The subject invention pertains to color changeable, film materials comprising a metal substrate layer; a conducting polymer or conducting polymer composite layer; and an electrolyte layer. The conducting polymer or conducting polymer composite layer of the film material is capable of exhibiting changes in one or more optical properties when the film material is in contact with a metal. The subject invention also pertains to methods of preparing conducting polymer films capable of exhibiting changes in optical properties. 1. A film material comprising:a metal substrate or conducting metal oxide coated substrate layer;a conducting polymer or conducting polymer composite layer; andan electrolyte layer in contact with the conducting polymer or conducting polymer composite layer, wherein the electrolyte layer comprises an acidic oxidant,wherein the conducting polymer or conducting polymer composite layer exhibits a change in at least one optical property when the film material or electrolyte is in contact with a metal.2. The material of claim 1 , wherein the change in the optical property causes a change in the visible color of the composite layer.3. The material of claim 1 , wherein the change in the optical property causes a change in the transparency or opaqueness of the composite layer to visible light.4. The material of claim 1 , wherein the change in the optical property causes a change in the transparency or opaqueness of the composite layer to infra-red radiation.5. The material of claim 1 , wherein the metal comprises gold claim 1 , silver claim 1 , and/or platinum; or the metal oxide comprises indium tin oxide and/or fluorine doped tin oxide.6. The material of claim 1 , wherein the conducting polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyanilines claim 1 , poly(ortho-anisidine) claim 1 , poly(o-toluidine) claim 1 , poly(ethoxy-aniline) claim 1 , substituted polyanilines claim 1 , polypyrroles claim 1 , substituted polypyrroles claim 1 , polythiophene ...

Eletrochromic Display Device

An electrochromic display devices to display a desired image is taught. The display includes a transparent substrate, deposited with a first electrically conducting layer. At least one electrochromic layer is provided on the first electrically conducting layer. An ionically conducting layer is provided on the electrochromic layer and a piezoresistive layer is provided on the second electrically conducting layer. A third electrically conducting layer is provided on the piezoresistive layer. The electrochromic display device displays image in two different modes. In the first mode, an electrical potential is applied across the first and second electrically conducting layer. In the second mode, an electrical potential is applied across the first and the third electrically conducting layer and simultaneously a pressure is applied on the surface.

ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOSITION AND ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

An electrochromic composition has an anodic electrochromic compound and a cathodic electrochromic compound, in which the anodic electrochromic compound is represented by General Formula [1] 2. The electrochromic composition according to claim 1 , wherein at least either one of Aor Ais an alkoxy group in which the number of carbon atoms is 1 or more and 20 or less.3. The electrochromic composition according to claim 1 , wherein at least either one of Aor Ais an alkoxy group in which the number of carbon atoms is 1 or more and 20 or less.4. The electrochromic composition according to claim 1 , wherein the alkoxy group represented by at least either one of Aor Ais a methoxy group or an isopropoxy group claim 1 , and the alkoxy group represented by at least either one of Aor Ais a methoxy group or an isopropoxy group.5. The electrochromic composition according to claim 1 , wherein Rand Rabove are electron withdrawing substituents.6. The electrochromic composition according to claim 5 , wherein Rand Rabove each are any one of a tert-butyl group claim 5 , a trifluoromethyl group claim 5 , a methoxy group claim 5 , a benzyloxy group claim 5 , a methyl ester group claim 5 , or a cyano group.7. The electrochromic composition according to claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the electrochromic compound represented by General Formula [1] is 10% by mol or more and 90% by mol or less when a total of the electrochromic compound represented by General Formula [1] and the electrochromic compound represented by General Formula [2] is 100% by mol.8. The electrochromic composition according to comprising a third electrochromic compound which is different from the electrochromic compound represented by General Formula [1] and the electrochromic compound represented by General Formula [2].9. The electrochromic composition according to further comprising a solvent and an electrolyte.10. The electrochromic composition according to claim 9 , wherein a concentration of the electrolyte is ...

Novel thiol-ene formulation for electrochromic devices, device components and related methods

The disclosed subject matter relates to electrochromic devices including variable electrochromic light filter devices that may be configured to vary the transmissivity of light therethrough in response to an applied voltage from one or more control circuits, device components, electroactive photocurable compositions, cured electroactive polymer compositions used therein and methods of forming the aforementioned devices and electroactive polymer compositions.

INFRARED-MODULATING ELECTROACTIVE DEVICES WITH VISIBLE REGION TRANSPARENCY

An electrochromic cell includes a minimally color changing polymer (MCCP) and a non-color changing polymer (NCCP), where the neutral state or the oxidized state is highly transmissive in the NIR and the oxidized state or the neutral state, respectively, is significantly less transmissive in the NIR. An electrochromic device (ECD) can include the electrochromic cell, or a combination of electrochromic cells. The ECD can be part of a window or a laminate for a window to permit the control of IR transmittance through the window. 1. An IR modulating electrochromic cell comprising a minimally color changing polymer (MCCP) contacting at least one electrode and a non-color changing polymer (NCCP) contacting at least one counter electrode , wherein the MCCP's transmissivity changes by more than 20% in the near IR and/or IR but changes less than 15% in the visible upon changing from the neutral to the oxidized states , and wherein the NCCP undergoes little or no transmissivity change in the visible , near IR , or IR upon changing from the neutral to the oxidized states.2. The electrochromic cell of claim 1 , wherein the MCCP is poly(N-substituted alkylenedioxypyrrole).3. The electrochromic cell of claim 2 , wherein the poly(N-substituted alkylenedioxypyrrole) is a poly(N-alkyl substituted ethylenedioxypyrrole) claim 2 , a poly(N-alkyl substituted propylenedioxypyrrole) claim 2 , or a copolymer thereof.4. The electrochromic cell of claim 2 , wherein the poly(N-substituted alkylenedioxypyrrole) is poly(N-octadecyl-propylenedioxypyrrole) (PProDOP-N-C18).5. The electrochromic cell of claim 1 , wherein the NCCP is a polymer comprising a redox-active 2 claim 1 ,2 claim 1 ,6 claim 1 ,6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxyl (TEMPO) group.6. The electrochromic cell of claim 5 , wherein the polymer comprising a redox-active 2 claim 5 ,2 claim 5 ,6 claim 5 ,6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxyl (TEMPO) group is poly(2 claim 5 ,2 claim 5 ,6 claim 5 ,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA).7 ...

PROTIC-SOLUBLE ORGANIC ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOUNDS

Protic-soluble electrochromic materials, ion-paired electrochromic materials including protic-soluble electrochromic materials, as well as electrochromic media and electrochromic devices incorporating such materials, are provided. The use of protic solvent mixtures, especially mixtures incorporating water, allows for the use of a wider variety of substrate materials. For example, plastics that may be soluble in organic aprotic solvent systems may be used in water-based devices. 2. The electrochromic medium of claim 1 , wherein in Formula (I){'sup': 1', '2', '−', '−', '−', '−, 'sub': 2', 'm', '2', '2', 'n', '2', 'p', '2', 'q', '2, 'Rand Rare each independently —(CH)—CO, —(CH)—P(O)(OH)(O), —(CH)—OP(O)(OH)(O), or —(CH)—S(O)O; and'}m, n, p, and q are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.3. The electrochromic medium of claim 1 , wherein in Formula (II){'sup': 12', '21', '−', '−', '−', '−, 'sub': 2', 's', '2', '2', 't', '2', 'u', '2', 'w', '2, 'Rand Rare each independently —(CH)—CO, —(CH)—P(O)(OH)(O), —(CH)—OP(O)(OH)(O), or —(CH)—S(O)O; and'}s, t, u, and w are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.4. The electrochromic medium of claim 1 , wherein in Formula (III){'sup': 23', '28', '−', '−', '−', '−, 'sub': 2', 'm′', '2', '2', 'n′', '2', 'p′', '2', 'q′', '2, 'Rand Rare each independently alkyl, —(CH)—CO, —(CH)—P(O)(OH)(O), —(CH)—OP(O)(OH)(O), or —(CH)—S(O)O; and'}m′, n′, p′, and q′ are each independently 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.8. The electrochromic medium of claim 1 , wherein the protic solvent comprises an alcohol claim 1 , a carboxylic acid claim 1 , a primary amino compound claim 1 , a secondary amino compound claim 1 , water claim 1 , or a mixture of any two or more thereof.9. The electrochromic medium of claim 1 , wherein the protic solvent comprises methanol claim 1 , ethanol claim 1 , isopropanol claim 1 , trifluoroethanol claim 1 , butanol claim 1 , ethylene glycol claim 1 , propylene glycol claim 1 , water claim 1 , or a ...

ELECTROCHROMIC MULTI-LAYER DEVICES WITH CHARGE SEQUESTRATION AND RELATED METHODS

An electrochromic multi-layer stack is provided. The multi-layer stack includes an electrochromic multi-layer stack having a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer, a first electrode layer, an ion conductor layer, a second substrate, a second electrically conductive layer, and a second electrode layer. The multi-layer stack includes a redox element, wherein the redox element is electrically isolated from the first and second electrically conductive layers and the first and second electrode layer and is laterally adjacent to either the first electrically conductive layer and the first electrode, or the second electrically conductive layer and the second electrode layer. A method for controlling an electrochromic device is also provided. 1. An electrochromic multi-layer stack comprising:a first substrate;a first electrically conductive layer;a first electrode layer comprising a nickel metal oxide;an ion conductor layer;a second substrate;a second electrically conductive layer;a second electrode layer comprising a tungsten metal oxide; anda first redox element comprising a sequestration material and an auxiliary electrode material, wherein the first redox element is electrically isolated from the first and second electrically conductive layers and the first and second electrode layer and is laterally adjacent to either the first electrically conductive layer and the first electrode, or the second electrically conductive layer and the second electrode layer.2. The electrochromic multi-layer stack of claim 1 , wherein the auxiliary electrode comprises the same material as the first or second electrically conductive layer.3. The electrochromic multi-layer stack of claim 1 , wherein the sequestration material is selected from the group consisting of a fluorocarbon claim 1 , CFwhere x is from 0.95 to 1.15 claim 1 , a sulfide claim 1 , an oxide claim 1 , a fluorosulfate claim 1 , a phosphate claim 1 , lithium iron phosphate claim 1 , a metal claim 1 , a metal ...

DOUBLE-SIDED DISPLAY PANEL AND DOUBLE-SIDED DISPLAY DEVICE

A double-sided display panel and a double-sided display device are provided. The double-sided display panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a pair of electrodes, and a color display unit, an isolating reflection layer and a black-and-white display unit which are sequentially provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the color display unit includes an electrochromic material; the black-and-white display unit includes an electrolytic solution, and black particles and white particles having opposite charges dispersed in the electrolytic solution; the isolating reflection layer has properties of allowing ions in the electrolytic solution to permeation and reflecting light. The double-sided display panel has a simple structure and is easy for production, and displays on both sides do not affect each other and bistable display can be achieved. 1. A double-sided display panel comprising:a first substrate,a second substrate,a pair of electrodes, one electrode of which is provided on the first substrate and the other one of which is provided on the second substrate, anda color display unit, an isolating reflection layer and a black-and-white display unit, which are sequentially provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, whereinthe color display unit comprises an electrochromic material;the black-and-white display unit comprises an electrolytic solution, and black particles and white particles having opposite charges dispersed in the electrolytic solution;the isolating reflection layer has properties of allowing ions in the electrolytic solution to permeation and reflecting light;in operation of the double-sided display panel, ions in the electrolytic solution can permeate through the isolating reflection layer under an action of the pair of electrodes, so that the electrochromic material in the color display unit displays a color pattern by obtaining or losing electrons, and the black particles and the white ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES

An energy storage device includes a cathodic material in an activated state; and an anodic material in an activated state; wherein: the cathodic material is a viologen covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material in the activated state; and the anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material in the activated state. 1. A energy storage device comprising:a cathodic material in an activated state; andan anodic material in an activated state;wherein:the cathodic material is a viologen covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material in the activated state; andthe anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material in the activated state.2. The energy storage device of that exhibits an open circuit voltage of 0.2 V to 1.2 V.3. The energy storage device of that exhibits an open circuit voltage of 0.6 V to 0.8 V.4. The energy storage device of further comprising an electrolyte.5. The energy storage device of claim 4 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a solvent and a metal salt or an ammonium salt.6. A energy storage device comprising:a first cell comprising an anodic material;a second cell comprising a cathodic material;a porous separator isolating the first cell from the second cell; and the anodic material is ...

LIGHT-MODULATING FILM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, AND LIGHT-MODULATING ELEMENT

The light modulation film () is a hydrogen-activation-type light modulation film that includes an inorganic oxide layer (), a light modulation layer () and a catalyst layer (), in this order on a polymer film substrate (). The light modulation layer () is a layer for reversibly changing states between a transparent state due to hydrogenation and a reflective state due to dehydrogenation. The catalyst layer () promotes hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in the light modulation layer. The inorganic oxide layer () contains an oxide of an element different from a metal element that constitutes the light modulation layer (). 1. A light modulation film comprising: a polymer film substrate; an inorganic oxide layer , a light modulation layer whose state is reversibly changed between a transparent state by hydrogenation and a reflective state by dehydrogenation , and a catalyst layer that promotes hydrogenation and dehydrogenation in the light modulation layer , in this order on the polymer film substrate , whereinthe inorganic oxide layer contains an oxide of an element different from a metal element that constitutes the light modulation layer.2. The light modulation film according to claim 1 , wherein the light modulation layer is a thin-film that includes a metal or a hydride of the metal claim 1 ,the metal is selected from the group consisting of a rare earth metal, an alloy of a rare earth metal and magnesium, an alloy of an alkaline earth metal and magnesium, and an alloy of a transition metal and magnesium.3. The light modulation film according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic oxide layer is an oxide thin-film containing an oxide of element selected from the group consisting of Si claim 1 , Ge claim 1 , Sn claim 1 , Pb claim 1 , Al claim 1 , Ga claim 1 , In claim 1 , Tl claim 1 , As claim 1 , Sb claim 1 , Bi claim 1 , Se claim 1 , Te claim 1 , Mg claim 1 , Ca claim 1 , Sr claim 1 , Ba claim 1 , Sc claim 1 , Y claim 1 , Ti claim 1 , Zr claim 1 , Hf claim 1 , V claim ...

Color filter and liquid crystal panel

The present invention provides a color filter and a liquid crystal display. The color filter comprises a substrate, and a color resist layer and a black matrix positioned on the substrate, and the color resist layer comprises a plurality of pixel areas aligned in array, and the plurality of pixel areas are separated by the black matrix, and the pixel area comprises a sub pixel main area and a sub pixel sub area, and two sides of the sub pixel sub area are respectively provided with a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode electrically coupled thereto; the sub pixel sub area is made by electrochromic material, and by adjusting voltage signals applied to the two sides of the sub pixel sub area with the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, color variation of the sub pixel sub area is controlled to achieve switch of the color filter between high color saturation and high brightness display modes. The liquid crystal panel of the present invention is provided with the color filter capable of achieving switch of the color filter between high color saturation and high brightness display modes to satisfy the display requirement of high color saturation and high brightness at the same time.

Article of Footwear With Color Change Portion and Method of Changing Color

An article with a color change portion and a method of changing color. The article includes at least one color change portion capable of changing colors. The color change portion includes composite material including a photonic lattice. The color change portion can change colors according to one or more performance parameters. The article can be connected to a computer and the color change portion can be controlled using the computer

VARIABLE TRANSMISSION ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOW AND ASSOCIATED AIRCRAFT WINDOW SYSTEM

A variable transmission electrochromic window including: first and second substantially transparent substrates having electrically conductive materials associated therewith; an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates which includes at least one solvent, at least one anodic electroactive material, at least one cathodic electroactive material, and wherein at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and wherein the electrochromic window exhibits an Eof less than approximately 20, and more preferably less than approximately 5, while in a low transmission state during normal daylight conditions. 132-. (canceled)33. A variable transmission electrochromic window , comprising:a first substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith;a second substantially transparent substrate having an electrically conductive material associated therewith; a solvent;', 'an anodic electroactive material;', 'a cathodic electroactive material; and', 'a cross-linked polymer matrix;, 'an electrochromic medium contained within a chamber positioned between the first and second substrates, the electrochromic medium comprising at least one of the anodic and cathodic electroactive materials is electrochromic; and', {'sub': 'v', 'the electrochromic window exhibits an Eof less than approximately 20 while in a low transmission state during normal daylight conditions.'}], 'wherein34. The variable transmission electrochromic window of claim 33 , wherein the electrochromic window exhibits an Eof less than approximately 10 while in a low transmission state during normal daylight conditions.35. The variable transmission electrochromic window of claim 33 , wherein the electrochromic window exhibits an Eof less than approximately 5 while in a low transmission state during normal daylight conditions.36. The variable transmission electrochromic window of claim 33 , ...

Complimentary Polymer Electrochromic Device

A complimentary polymer or “dual-polymer” electrochromic device and methods of preparing the same are provided. 19.-. (canceled)10. A dual-polymer electrochromic device , comprising:(a) a cathodically coloring electrode comprising a copolymer of 2,2-dibenzyl-3,4-propylenedioxythiophene, 2,2-bis(4-chlorobenzyl)-3,4-propylenedioxythiophene, and 2,2-bis(4-bromobenzyl)-3,4-propylenedioxythiophene;(b) an anodically coloring electrode comprising a copolymer of N,N′-diphenylbenzidine, diphenyl amine, and 4-aminobiphenyl; and(c) an electrolyte disposed between and in electrochemical communication with the cathodically coloring electrode and anodically coloring electrode.11. The dual-polymer electrochromic device of claim 10 , wherein the cathodically coloring electrode comprises a conductive transparent substrate.12. The dual-polymer electrochromic device of claim 11 , wherein the conductive transparent substrate comprises indium-tin-oxide(ITO)/glass claim 11 , ITO/poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) claim 11 , tin-oxide/glass claim 11 , tin-oxide/PET claim 11 , gold/glass claim 11 , carbon-nanotubes/glass claim 11 , carbon-nanotubes/PET claim 11 , gold/PET claim 11 , or a combination thereof.13. The dual-polymer electrochromic device of claim 10 , wherein the anodically coloring electrode comprises a conductive transparent substrate.14. The dual-polymer electrochromic device of claim 13 , wherein the conductive transparent substrate comprises indium-tin-oxide(ITO)/glass claim 13 , ITO/poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) claim 13 , tin-oxide/glass claim 13 , tin-oxide/PET claim 13 , gold/glass claim 13 , carbon-nanotubes/glass claim 13 , carbon-nanotubes/PET claim 13 , gold/PET claim 13 , or a combination thereof.15. The dual-polymer electrochromic device of claim 10 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a liquid electrolyte claim 10 , solid electrolyte claim 10 , gel electrolyte claim 10 , or a combination thereof. This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent ...

Decontaminating and electrochromic polymer coating film

Polymeric film of a semi rigid nature and with low opacity that contributes to environmental detoxification through the inclusion of titanium dioxide particles. It features photocatalytic properties within the range of visible light. The film permits the coating of surfaces such as windows by adhering to them and is thus easily removable. Versions in which the film includes at least one layer with electrochromic properties have been developed. It is intended for the chemicals and construction sectors.

ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOUND, ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOSITION, AND ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

An electrochromic compound represented by the following formula (1) is provided: 2. The electrochromic compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one of Rto Rrepresents a polymerizable functional group.3. The electrochromic compound of claim 1 , wherein each of Rto Rindependently represents an alkyl group claim 1 , an alkoxy group claim 1 , or a polymerizable functional group.4. The electrochromic compound of claim 1 , wherein each of Rto Rindependently represents an alkyl group claim 1 , an alkenyl group claim 1 , an alkynyl group claim 1 , or an alkoxy group.5. The electrochromic compound of claim 1 , wherein the group in which two or more aryl and/or heteroaryl groups are bound to each other via a covalent bond and the group in which two or more aryl and/or heteroaryl groups are condensed with each other to form a ring each contain 1 to 36 carbon atoms.6. The electrochromic compound of claim 5 , wherein the group in which two or more aryl and/or heteroaryl groups are bound to each other via a covalent bond and the group in which two or more aryl and/or heteroaryl groups are condensed with each other to form a ring each further contain a hetero atom.8. An electrochromic composition comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrochromic compound of ; and'}a radical polymerizable compound.9. An electrochromic element comprising:a first electrode;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'an electrochromic layer on the first electrode, the electrochromic layer containing the electrochromic compound of ,'}a second electrode facing the first electrode with a gap therebetween; andan electrolyte layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.10. An electrochromic element comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode facing the first electrode with a gap therebetween; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'an electrolyte layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrolyte ...

VARIABLE TRANSMITTANCE OPTICAL FILTER AND USES THEREOF

Variable transmittance optical filters capable of transitioning from a light state to a dark state on exposure to UV radiation and from a dark state to a light state with application of an electric voltage are provided. The optical filters comprise a switching material that comprises one or more chromophores that have electrochromic and photochromic properties. 118.-. (canceled)19. A variable tint window , comprising:(a) at least one sheet of transparent substrate;(b) a variable transmittance optical filter comprising a first and a second electrode and a switching material in contact with the first and second electrodes, extending from the first electrode to the second electrode, and disposed on the at least one sheet of transparent substrate, wherein the switching material transitions from a light state to a dark state on exposure to sunlight and absent application of an electric voltage required to trigger lightening from the dark state across the first and second electrodes and from the dark state to the light state with application of the voltage across the first and second electrodes, and wherein a visible light transmittance of the optical filter is lower when in the dark state than when in the light state; and(c) power control electronics comprising a switch for electrically coupling to a power source, the power control electronics electrically coupled to the first and second electrodes and operable to transition the variable transmittance optical filter from the dark state to the light state by applying the voltage from the power source across the first and second electrodes.20. The variable tint window of wherein the variable tint window comprises a window of a vehicle.21. The variable tint window of wherein the variable transmittance optical filter is laminated to the at least one sheet of transparent substrate.22. The variable tint window of further comprising a second sheet of transparent substrate laminated on the other side of the variable ...

ELECTROCHROMIC TWO-CORE VIOLOGEN DERIVATIVES AND OPTICAL ARTICLES CONTAINING THEM

The present invention relates to a group of novel electrochromic materials. More specifically, it relates to electrochromic materials having two-core viologens and the use of these two-core viologens as a variable transmittance medium for the manufacture of an optical article, such as an ophthalmic lens. 118.-. (canceled)21. The compound according to claim 19 , wherein A and B are respectively selected from nitrogen and —N(R)— claim 19 , and from nitrogen and —N(R)— claim 19 , wherein Rand Rare independently selected from C-Calkyl claim 19 , phenyl and naphthyl which may be both substituted by one or more substituents selected from halogen claim 19 , cyano claim 19 , nitro claim 19 , hydroxy claim 19 , C-Calkyl claim 19 , C-Chaloalkyl claim 19 , C-Calkoxy claim 19 , C-Chaloalkoxy claim 19 , C-Calkylthio claim 19 , C-Chaloalkylthio claim 19 , C-Ccycloalkyl claim 19 , (C-Ccycloalkyl)C-Calkyl.22. The compound according to claim 19 , wherein the counterion X is selected from halide claim 19 , tetrafluoroborate claim 19 , tetraphenylborate claim 19 , hexafluorophosphate claim 19 , nitrate claim 19 , methanesulfonate claim 19 , trifluoromethane sulfonate claim 19 , toluene sulfonate claim 19 , hexachloroantimonate claim 19 , bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide claim 19 , perchlorate claim 19 , acetate and sulfate.24. The compound according to claim 23 , wherein Rand Rare each independently selected from phenyl claim 23 , m-methylphenyl and p-trifluoromethylphenyl and are preferably identical.27. An electrochromic composition comprising at least one compound as defined in .28. The electrochromic composition according to claim 27 , wherein said composition comprises a fluid claim 27 , mesomorphous or gel host medium.29. The electrochromic composition according to claim 28 , wherein the fluid or mesomorphous host medium is selected from the group consisting of organic solvents claim 28 , liquid crystals claim 28 , polymers claim 28 , liquid crystal polymers and mixtures ...

Chromatic Systems

Chromatic systems and structures are presented that operate without external electrical supply, which enable changes in color or transparency of a substrate material, such as glass. Various configurations provide a mechanism to activate an oxidation-reduction reaction in a chromatic material, so as to change from transparent to opaque or from one color to another. These structures may be used in applications from windows for buildings and homes, camera lenses, automotive displays and windows, mobile device displays, and other applications where chromatic change is desired. 1. A chromatic structure , comprising:a substrate layer;a conductive layer coupled to the substrate layer;a conductive dye layer coupled to the conductive layer;an electrolyte layer coupled to the conductive dye layer; anda conductive contact configured to couple and decouple the electrolyte layer to the conductive layer,wherein coupling the electrolyte layer to the conductive layer through the conductive contact reduces the oxidation of the conductive dye layer, and decoupling the electrolyte layer to the conductive layer through the conductive contact increases the oxidation of the conductive dye layer.2. A chromatic structure as in claim 1 , further comprising a switch positioned between the conductive contact and the conductive layer claim 1 , wherein when the switch is open the conductive dye layer has an ambient oxidation condition and closing the switch reduces the oxidation of the conductive dye layer.3. A chromatic structure as in claim 2 , wherein when the switch is opened from a closed position the conductive dye layer returns to the ambient oxidation condition.4. A chromatic structure as in claim 3 , wherein the switch is a variable resistor.5. A chromatic structure as in claim 1 , further comprising:a second conductive contact coupled to the electrolyte layer;a first switch positioned between the conductive contact and the conductive layer; anda second switch positioned between the ...

ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOUNDS WITH IMPROVED COLOR STABILITY IN THEIR RADICAL STATES

The invention relates to an electrochromic device and uses thereof, wherein the electrochromic device includes an electrochromic compound with reduced intermolecular interactions resulting in uncontrolled color changes represented by Formula (I): 2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare individually secondary alkyl claim 1 , tertiary alkyl claim 1 , or aryl.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare individually aryl.5. The electrochromic device of claim 4 , wherein R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , and Rare individually H or alkyl.6. The electrochromic device of claim 4 , wherein R claim 4 , R claim 4 , R claim 4 , and Rare H claim 4 , and Ris H claim 4 , methyl claim 4 , ethyl claim 4 , propyl claim 4 , iso-propyl claim 4 , butyl claim 4 , sec-butyl claim 4 , or tert-butyl.7. The electrochromic device of claim 4 , wherein Ris alkyl or siloxy alkyl.8. The electrochromic device of claim 4 , wherein Ris H claim 4 , methyl claim 4 , ethyl claim 4 , propyl claim 4 , iso-propyl claim 4 , butyl claim 4 , sec-butyl claim 4 , tert-butyl claim 4 , or —(CH)Si(OR) claim 4 , Ris H or alkyl claim 4 , and n is 1 to 10.9. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare aryl and Rand Rare H.10. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein Rand Rare individually aralkyl claim 1 , C-Calkyl or C-Chydroxyalkyl.12. The electrochromic device of claim 11 , wherein Ris (CH)or 1 claim 11 ,4-phenylene.13. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein R claim 1 , R claim 1 , R claim 1 , and Rare individually H claim 1 , OH claim 1 , or alkyl.14. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein X is F claim 1 , Cl claim 1 , Br claim 1 , I claim 1 , BF claim 1 , PF claim 1 , SbF claim 1 , AsF claim 1 , ClO claim 1 , SOCF claim 1 , N(CN) claim 1 , N(CFSO) claim 1 , C(CFSO) claim 1 , N(SOCF) claim 1 , Al(OC(CF))or BAr claim 1 , wherein Ar is a aryl or fluorinated aryl group.15. The electrochromic device of further ...

ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOSITION

The present invention relates to an electrochromic composition comprising at least one reducing compound, at least one oxidizing compound which is selected from specific viologen derivatives, and at least one dye. Said composition can be used as a variable transmittance medium for the manufacture of an optical article, such as an ophthalmic lens. 115.-. (canceled)18. The electrochromic composition according to claim 16 , wherein R claim 16 , R claim 16 , Rand Rare each independently selected from C-Calkyl claim 16 , C-Calkoxycarbonyl claim 16 , alkanoyl claim 16 , aroyl claim 16 , aryl and heteroaryl claim 16 , wherein the aryl and heteroaryl may be substituted by one or more substituents selected from C-Calkyl and C-Chaloalkyl claim 16 , preferably claim 16 , R claim 16 , R claim 16 , Rand Rare each independently selected from methyl claim 16 , ethoxycarbonyl claim 16 , phenyl claim 16 , p-methylphenyl and p-trifluoromethylphenyl.19. The electrochromic composition according to claim 16 , wherein the counterion X is selected from halide claim 16 , tetrafluoroborate claim 16 , tetraphenylborate claim 16 , hexafluorophosphate claim 16 , nitrate claim 16 , methanesulfonate claim 16 , trifluoromethane sulfonate claim 16 , toluene sulfonate claim 16 , hexachloroantimonate claim 16 , bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide claim 16 , perchlorate claim 16 , acetate and sulfate.23. The electrochromic composition according to claim 16 , wherein the reducing compound is selected from ferrocene and their derivatives such as ethyl ferrocene claim 16 , t-butyl ferrocene; phenoxazine and their derivatives claim 16 , such as N-benzylphenoxazine; phenazine and their derivatives claim 16 , such as 5 claim 16 ,10-dihydrophenazine claim 16 , N claim 16 ,N claim 16 ,N′ claim 16 ,N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine; phenothiazine and their derivatives claim 16 , such as 10-methylphenothiazine and isopropylphenothiazine; thioanthrene; and tetrathiafulvalene.24. The electrochromic composition ...

PROTIC-SOLUBLE ORGANIC ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOUNDS

Protic-soluble electrochromic materials, ion-paired electrochromic materials including protic-soluble electrochromic materials, as well as electrochromic media and electrochromic devices incorporating such materials, are provided. The use of protic solvent mixtures, especially mixtures incorporating water, allows for the use of a wider variety of substrate materials. For example, plastics that may be soluble in organic aprotic solvent systems may be used in water-based devices. 2. An electrochromic medium comprising{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'an ion-paired electrochromic material of ; and'}a liquid or gel that comprises a protic solvent.3. An electrochromic device comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00002', 'claim 2'}, 'the electrochromic medium of ; and'}a chamber defined by a first conductive surface of first substrate, a second conductive surface of a second substrate, and a sealing member joining the first substrate to the second substrate,wherein the electrochromic medium is disposed within the chamber.5. An electrochromic medium comprising{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00004', 'claim 4'}, 'an ion-paired electrochromic material of ; and'}a liquid or gel that comprises a protic solvent.6. An electrochromic device comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00005', 'claim 5'}, 'the electrochromic medium of ; and'}a chamber defined by a first conductive surface of first substrate, a second conductive surface of a second substrate, and a sealing member joining the first substrate to the second substrate,wherein the electrochromic medium is disposed within the chamber. This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/065,808, filed on Mar. 9, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,939,701, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/257,950, filed on Nov. 20, 2015, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/258,051, filed on Nov. 20, 2015, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by ...

TRANSPARENT ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMER AND ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

A transparent electrochromic polymer is provided, which is polymerized of 1 molar part of a diamine and 1 to 4 molar parts of epoxy compound. The diamine is Formula 1, Formula 2, or combinations thereof, and the epoxy compound is Formula 12, Formula 13, or combinations thereof. The disclosed also provides an electrochromic device, including a first transparent conductive layer, an electrochromic layer on the first transparent conductive layer, and an electrolyte layer on the electrolyte layer, wherein the electrochromic layer is the transparent electrochromic polymer, and a second transparent conductive layer on the electrolyte layer. 11. The transparent electrochromic polymer as claimed in claim 1 , having a weight average molecular weight of 1 claim 1 ,000 to 300 claim 1 ,000.12. An electrochromic device claim 1 , comprising:a first transparent conductive layer;{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'a layer of the transparent electrochromic polymer as claimed in disposed on the first transparent conductive layer;'}an electrolyte layer disposed on the layer of the transparent electrochromic polymer;anda second transparent conductive layer disposed on the electrolyte layer. The present application is based on, and claims priority from, Taiwan Application Serial Number 103106702, filed on Feb. 27, 2014, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.The technical field relates to a transparent polymer, and in particular it relates to its application of an electrochromic device.Electrochromic devices are attractive in green energy industries due to their low driving voltage and bistable properties. A major electrochromic material is inorganic oxide for longer lifetime and endurance, however, film thereof is prepared by using expensive processes and equipment such as vacuum deposition, spray pyrolysis, or sputtering. Even ignoring the cost of processing, the inorganic oxide still has shortcomings such as a slow ...

OPTICAL DEVICE

An optical device includes a first electrode and a second electrode that have translucency and are disposed facing each other, and an optical adjustment layer that is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The optical adjustment layer includes a first phase that includes an electrolyte including a metal having a visible light reflecting property, and a second phase that is dispersed in the first phase, and includes a variable refractive index material having a refractive index that is variable in a visible light range. 1. An optical device comprising:a first electrode and a second electrode that have translucency and are disposed facing each other, andan optical adjustment layer that is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, a first phase that includes an electrolyte including a metal having a visible light reflecting property; and', 'a second phase that is dispersed in the first phase, and includes a variable refractive index material having a refractive index that is variable in a visible light range., 'wherein the optical adjustment layer includes2. The optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein the first phase further includes a polymeric material and a high boiling point solvent.3. The optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein the first phase further includes a polymeric material and an ionic liquid.4. The optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein the optical adjustment layer is gel.5. The optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein the variable refractive index material is a liquid crystal.6. The optical device according to claim 1 ,wherein the optical adjustment layer turns into:(i) a light reflection state when the metal included in the electrolyte is deposited on one of the first electrode and the second electrode to form a metal film;(ii) a light transmission state when the metal included in the electrolyte does not form the metal film and a refractive index of the first phase and a refractive index ...

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT AND ELECTROCHROMIC DIMMING ELEMENT

To provide an electrochromic element, which contains: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an electrolyte provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode contains a polymer product obtained through polymerization of an electrochromic composition where the electrochromic composition contains a radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine. 1. An electrochromic element , comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode; andan electrolyte provided between the first electrode and the second electrode,wherein the first electrode contains a polymer product obtained through polymerization of an electrochromic composition where the electrochromic composition contains a radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine, andwherein the first electrode contains a cross-linked product obtained through cross-linking of an electrochromic composition where the electrochromic composition contains a radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine, and another radical polymerizable compound different from the radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine.2. (canceled)3. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine claim 1 , or the radical polymerizable compound different from the radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine contains two or more radical polymerizable functional groups.4. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein radical polymerizable functional groups contained in the another radical polymerizable compound different from the radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine are at least one of an acryloyloxy groups and a methacryloyloxy groups.5. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein radical polymerizable functional groups contained in the radical polymerizable compound containing triarylamine are at least one of an acryloyloxy groups and a methacryloyloxy groups.7. The ...

Donor-Acceptor Compositions to Achieve High Contrast Broadly Absorbing Electrochromic Polymers

An improved contrast electrochromic polymers(ECP), is a copolymer having donor sequences with a normal distribution of at least one solubilizing donor repeating unit selected from substituted propylenedioxythiophene units (ProDOT) and/or substituted acyclic dioxythiophene units (AcDOT) and a plurality of monodispersed trimer sequences consisting of an acceptor unit bonded between two ethylenedioxythiophene units (EDOT), two methylenedioxythiophene units (MDOT), or a fused DAD trimer, where the monodispersed trimer sequence separates two of the donor sequences. One useful monodispersed trimer sequence is EDOT-BTD-EDOT (EBE). The donor sequences can have ProDOT units bound to the monodispersed trimer sequence. The donor sequence can have ProDOT units alternating with AcDOT units. Useful ECPs can have the structure: Pro-Pro/EBE; Ac-Ac/EBE; or Pro-Ac/EBEwhere x is a fraction between 0.5 and 0.9. 1. An improved contrast electrochromic polymer (ECP) , comprising: at least one copolymer block having a multiplicity of repeating units , wherein the copolymer comprises a plurality of donor sequences that is a normal distribution of at least one solubilizing donor repeating units selected from substituted propylenedioxythiophene units (ProDOT) and/or substituted acyclic dioxythiophene units (AcDOT) and a plurality of monodispersed trimer sequences consisting of an acceptor unit bonded between two ethylenedioxythiophene units (EDOT) , two methylenedioxythiophene units (MDOT) , or a fused DAD trimer;wherein one of the monodispersed trimer sequences separates two of the donor sequences, andwhereby the electrochromic polymer (ECP) is soluble in a solvent.2. The improved contrast electrochromic polymer (ECP) according to claim 1 , wherein the acceptor unit comprises a residue of 2 claim 1 ,1 claim 1 ,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD).3. The improved contrast electrochromic polymer (ECP) according to claim 1 , wherein the monodispersed trimer sequence is EDOT-BTD-EDOT (EBE).4. The improved ...

APPLICATION OF ELECTROCHROMIC POLYMERS AS COLOR AND OPACITY LIGHT FILTERS

A vehicle lighting system includes a light source; a first lighting subsystem includes a first light path having a first end positioned to receive light from the light source and to deliver the light to a second end of the first light path; and a first electrochromic filter disposed in the first light path; and a second lighting subsystem includes a second light path having a first end positioned to receive light from the light source and to deliver the light to a second end of the second light path; and a second electrochromic filter disposed in the second light path, wherein the first lighting subsystem provides a first lighting function, and wherein the second lighting subsystem provides a second lighting function. 1. A vehicle lighting system comprising:a light source; a first light path having a first end positioned to receive light from the light source and to deliver the light to a second end of the first light path; and', a second lighting subsystem comprising:', 'a second light path having a first end positioned to receive light from the light source and to deliver the light to a second end of the second light path; and', 'a second electrochromic filter disposed in the second light path,, 'a first electrochromic filter disposed in the first light path; and'}], 'a first lighting subsystem comprisingwherein the first lighting subsystem provides a first lighting function, andwherein the second lighting subsystem provides a second lighting function.2. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first light path and the second light path further comprises a bend that is configured to change a direction of light from a first direction to a second direction claim 1 , wherein the second direction is different than the first direction.3. The system of claim 1 , wherein each of the first electrochromic filter and the second electrochromic filter is independently switchable between a condition in which it at least partially absorbs visible light and a ...

Electrochromic Eyewear

Electrochromic eyewear that include a removable electrochromic lens are provided herein. 1. Electrochromic eyewear comprising: i. a first arm and a first hinge that connects the first arm to the eyewear frame;', 'ii. a second arm and a second hinge that connects the second arm to the eyewear frame; and', 'iii. a photosensor cavity;, 'a. an eyewear frame comprisingb. an electrochromic lens connected to the eyewear frame;c. a photosensor contained within the photosensor cavity and configured to receive light and convert such light to a photosensor potential;d. a controller in electrical communication with the photosensor and the electrochromic lens, the controller configured to deliver a voltage to the electrochromic lens in response to the photosensor potential; ande. a power source in electrical communication with the controller.2. The eyewear of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic lens comprises a single lens.3. The eyewear of claim 2 , wherein the electrochromic lens comprises an electrochromic material and a protective material.4. The eyewear of claim 3 , wherein the protective material comprises polycarbonate.5. The eyewear of claim 3 , wherein the electrochromic material comprises an electrochromic conducting polymer selected from the group consisting of: poly(aniline) claim 3 , poly(diphenylamine) claim 3 , poly(4-amino biphenyl) claim 3 , poly(3-alkylthiophene) claim 3 , poly(phenylene claim 3 , poly(phenylene vinylene) claim 3 , polyalkylene vinylenes) claim 3 , poly(amino quinolones) claim 3 , poly(diphenyl benzidine) claim 3 , poly(2 claim 3 ,2-dibenzyl-3 claim 3 ,4-propylenedioxythiophene) claim 3 , poly(2 claim 3 ,2-bis(4-chloro-benzyl)-3 claim 3 ,4-propylenedioxythiophene) claim 3 , poly(2 claim 3 ,2-bis(4-bromo-benzyl)-3 claim 3 ,4-propylenedioxythiophene) claim 3 , poly(2 claim 3 ,2-bis(4-nitro-benzyl)-3 claim 3 ,4-propylenedioxythiophene) claim 3 , and combinations thereof.6. The eyewear of claim 1 , wherein the frame comprises a front portion and a ...

Method and apparatus for control of electrochromic devices

The present invention provides apparatuses and methods for modulating the transmissivity of electrochromic devices utilizing a controller that provides a continuous potential that may be pulsed to the electrochromic device.

ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES WITH PLASTIC SUBSTRATES

An electrochromic device includes a first flexible or rigid plastic substrate including a front surface, and a rear surface, wherein the rear surface comprises a first conductive material; and the front surface, the rear surface, or both the front surface and the rear surface of the first substrate comprises a gas diffusion barrier; and a second flexible or rigid plastic substrate including a front surface, and a rear surface, wherein the front surface comprises a second conductive material, wherein the first substrate is joined to the second substrate by a sealing member, where the rear surface of the first substrate and the front surface of the second substrate with the sealing member define a chamber therebetween. 1. An electrochromic device comprising: a front surface; and', 'a rear surface;', the rear surface comprises a first conductive material; and', 'the front surface, the rear surface, or both the front surface and the rear surface of the first substrate comprises a gas diffusion barrier;, 'wherein], 'a first flexible or rigid plastic substrate comprising a front surface; and', 'a rear surface;', 'the front surface comprises a second conductive material;', 'wherein], 'a second flexible or rigid plastic substrate comprisingwherein the first substrate is joined to the second substrate by a sealing member, where the rear surface of the first substrate and the front surface of the second substrate with the sealing member define a chamber therebetween;the chamber comprising an electrochromic medium comprising a cathodic material and an anodic material.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the front surface claim 1 , the rear surface claim 1 , or both the front surface and the rear surface of the second substrate comprises a gas diffusion barrier.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the gas diffusion barrier(s) comprises a layer applied by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) claim 2 , a layer applied by neutral beam ...

Broadly Absorbing Electrochromic Polymers

Copolymers including dioxythiophene repeating units and no acceptor units allow the formation of electrochromic polymers (ECPs) with vivid neutral state colors and very colorless oxidized states that can be switched rapidly. The dioxythiophene repeating units can included in sequences where all of one type of dioxythiophene is included exclusively as isolated dyads or triads within the copolymer, or the copolymer can be an alternating copolymer with propylenedioxythiophene units. Other non-acceptor units can be included in the copolymers. The copolymers are rendered organic solvent soluble by alkyl substituents on repeating units. The inclusion of sterically encumbered acyclic dioxythiophene (AcDOT) units promotes red color while unsubstituted ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) units promote blue colors, and their respective content can be manipulated to achieve a desired neutral state color. Soluble copolymers comprising at least 50% EDOT repeating units can be used in supercapacitor applications.

ARTICLE OF FOOTWEAR WITH COLOR CHANGE PORTION AND METHOD OF CHANGING COLOR

An article with a color change portion and a method of changing color. The article includes at least one color change portion capable of changing colors. The color change portion includes composite material including a photonic lattice. The color change portion can change colors according to one or more performance parameters. The article can be connected to a computer and the color change portion can be controlled using the computer 120-. (canceled)21. An article comprising:a color change portion including a photonic lattice having a surface opposing a user and operable to reflect infrared radiation in a direction back toward the user, the photonic lattice operable to receive an electrical signal to change a color of the color change portion.22. The article of claim 21 , wherein the article is one of an article of clothing claim 21 , an article of footwear claim 21 , or an article of equipment.23. The article of claim 21 , wherein the article is an article of clothing claim 21 , the color change portion being attached to an interior surface of the article of clothing.24. The article of claim 21 , wherein the photonic lattice is a component of a composite material.25. The article of claim 24 , wherein the composite material includes a first conductive layer electrically connected to a first terminal and a second conductive layer electrically connected to a second terminal.26. The article of claim 25 , wherein the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are disposed on opposite sides of the photonic lattice.27. The article of claim 25 , wherein the photonic lattice is printed on one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.28. The article of claim 25 , wherein the first terminal and the second terminal are in electrical communication with at least one of a control unit and a power source operable to change a color of the color change portion by changing dimensions of the photonic lattice.29. The article of claim 25 , further ...

SUBSTRATE INCLUDING A COLOR FILTER LAYER MADE OF ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIAL, LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY PANEL AND DISPLAY DEVICE

The present invention discloses a substrate for a liquid crystal display panel, the liquid crystal display panel and a display device. The substrate comprises: a base substrate; a color layer disposed on the base substrate; and first and second transparent electrodes disposed on opposite sides of the color filter layer and electrically connected with the color filter layer. A color of the color filter layer can be changed based on gray scale of an image to be displayed on the liquid crystal display panel by applying a voltage signal to the color filter layer through the first and second transparent electrodes, thereby a light leakage in a dark state of the liquid crystal display panel is avoided, and thus it is possible to improve contrast of the liquid crystal display panel. 1. A substrate for a liquid crystal display panel , comprising:a base substrate;a color filter layer disposed on the base substrate; andfirst and second transparent electrode disposed on opposite sides of the color filter layer and electrically connected with the color filter layer,wherein a material of the color filter layer comprises an electrochromic material, so that a color of the color filter layer can be changed based on gray scale of an image to be displayed on the liquid crystal display panel by applying a voltage signal to the color filter layer through the first and second transparent electrodes.2. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the color filter layer is configured to maintain a normal light filtering color when the liquid display panel displays a high gray scale image and change its color when the liquid display panel displays a low gray scale image.3. The substrate according to claim 2 , wherein the color filter layer is configured to change its color into black when the liquid display panel displays the low gray scale image.4. The substrate according to claim 1 , wherein the color filter layer includes a plurality of color filters arranged in a matrix claim 1 , and ...

HEAT-RESISTANT ELECTROLYTE MATERIALS AND ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES INCLUDING THEM

The present disclosure relates to relates to heat-resistant gel electrolyte materials and their uses, for example, in electrochromic devices such as electrochromic windows. In certain embodiments, the disclosure provides an electrolyte material including a polymer of ethyleneimine, optionally at least partially crosslinked (e.g., with an epoxide crosslinker such as the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A); a lithium salt (e.g., lithium perchlorate); and a high-boiling solvent (e.g., DMSO). The electrolyte materials can be used in electrochromic devices, such as electrochromic windows, e.g., for use as automobile sunroofs 2. The electrolyte material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer of ethyleneimine has a molecular weight in the range of about 1000 g/mol to about 100 claim 1 ,000 g/mol.3. The electrolyte material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer of ethylene imine is present in the electrolyte material in an amount in the range of about 35 wt % to about 65 wt.4. The electrolyte material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer of ethyleneimine has at least about 80 wt % ethyleneimine subunits.5. The electrolyte material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer of ethyleneimine is poly(ethyleneimine).6. The electrolyte material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer of ethyleneimine is not crosslinked.7. The electrolyte material according to claim 6 , further comprising an unreacted polyfunctional epoxide crosslinker.8. The electrolyte material according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer of ethyleneimine is at least partially crosslinked.9. The electrolyte material according to claim 8 , wherein the polymer of ethyleneimine is at least partially crosslinked with residues derived from a polyfunctional epoxide crosslinker present in the electrolyte material in an amount up to about 4 wt %.10. The electrolyte material according to claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt is lithium perchlorate.11. The electrolyte material according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

Electrochromic device, optical filter, lens unit, and imaging apparatus

The present invention provides an electrochromic device including a pair of electrodes and an electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes and containing different electrochromic materials having the same polarity, wherein in the case where two materials are selected from the different electrochromic materials having the same polarity in descending order of maximum absorbance in a color-display mode of the electrochromic layer and where the diffusion coefficients of the molecules of the two materials are compared with each other in the color-display mode, a smaller diffusion coefficient D 2 min, a larger diffusion coefficient D 2 max, and maximum absorbance H 2 of the molecules of the electrochromic material having the diffusion coefficient D 2 max in the color-display mode satisfy Formula (5). 1≦ D 2 max/ D 2 min≦(1+0.146/H 2 ) 2   (5)

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT, OPTICAL FILTER, LENS UNIT, IMAGING DEVICE, AND WINDOW COMPONENT

An electrochromic element includes a pair of electrodes and an electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes. The electrochromic layer contains an electrochromic material, a solvent, and a cyanoethylated polymer. 1. An electrochromic element comprising:a pair of electrodes; andan electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes, the electrochromic layer containing an electrochromic material, a solvent, and a cyanoethylated polymer.2. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the solvent is a carbonate ester.3. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the cyanoethylated polymer is selected from the group consisting of cyanoethyl polyvinyl alcohol claim 1 , cyanoethyl pullulan claim 1 , and cyanoethyl cellulose.4. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the optical density of the electrochromic layer has a temperature coefficient of −0.2%/° C. to less than +0.2%/° C. at a temperature from room temperature to 80° C.5. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the proportion of the cyanoethylated polymer to the solvent is 20% by weight to less than 40% by weight.6. An optical filer comprising:an electrochromic element; andan active element connected to the electrochromic element,wherein the electrochromic element comprises:a pair of electrodes; andan electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes, the electrochromic layer containing an electrochromic material, a solvent, and a cyanoethylated polymer.7. The optical filter according to claim 6 , wherein the active element drives the electrochromic element and controls the amount of light passing through the electrochromic element.8. A lens unit comprising:an imaging optical system including a plurality of lenses; andan optical filter comprising an electrochromic element and an active element connected to the electrochromic element,wherein the electrochromic element comprises:a pair of electrodes; andan ...

DRIVING DEVICE FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE, ELECTROCHROMIC APPARATUS, OPTICAL FILTER, IMAGING APPARATUS, LENS UNIT, AND WINDOW MEMBER INCLUDING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE, AND METHOD FOR DRIVING ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

The present invention provides a driving device for an electrochromic device, the driving device including a controller. An electrochromic device has a characteristic region in which a change in a Duty ratio from a to b brings a change in the light transmittance of the electrochromic device from Tto Tand in which a change in the Duty ratio from b to a brings a change in the light transmittance of the electrochromic device from Tdifferent from Tto Tdifferent from T, and the a controller controls the electrochromic device such that a Duty ratio employed in the case where the light transmittance of the electrochromic device is decreased to the intended light transmittance Tis different from a Duty ratio employed in the case where the light transmittance of the electrochromic device is increased to the intended light transmittance T. 1. A driving device for an electrochromic device which includes a pair of electrodes and an electrochromic layer disposed between the electrodes and containing an electrochromic material , the driving device comprising a controller which applies a driving voltage to the electrochromic device as a continuous driving pulse having one cycle including a period of application of the driving voltage and an intermission period and which controls the absorbance of the electrochromic device by adjusting a Duty ratio which is a proportion of the period of application of the driving voltage to the one cycle , the driving voltage being a voltage which causes at least any one of an oxidation reaction and reduction reaction of the electrochromic material , wherein{'sub': A', 'B', 'C', 'B', 'D', 'A, 'the electrochromic device has a characteristic region in which a change in the Duty ratio from a to b brings a change in the light transmittance of the electrochromic device from Tto Tand in which a change in the Duty ratio from b to a brings a change in the light transmittance of the electrochromic device from Tdifferent from Tto Tdifferent from T, and'}{' ...

EXTERIOR MIRROR REFLECTIVE ELEMENT WITH AUXILIARY REFLECTOR

A mirror reflective element suitable for use in an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle includes a glass substrate having a first side and an opposing second side. The mirror reflective element has a principal reflector portion and an auxiliary reflector portion. The auxiliary reflector portion includes a curved recess established at the second side of the glass substrate. An auxiliary mirror metallic reflector is coated at the curved recess at the second side of the glass substrate and a principal mirror metallic reflector is coated at the principal reflector portion. The mirror reflective element is configured so that, when an exterior rearview mirror assembly equipped with the mirror reflective element is normally mounted at a side of a vehicle, the curved recess is disposed at an outboard upper region of the mirror reflective element relative to the side of the equipped vehicle. 1. A mirror reflective element suitable for use in an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle , said mirror reflective element comprising:a glass substrate having a first side and an opposing second side;wherein said glass substrate has a thickness between said first side and said second side of less than 3 millimeters;wherein said mirror reflective element has a principal reflector portion and an auxiliary reflector portion;wherein said auxiliary reflector portion comprises a curved recess established at said second side of said glass substrate;wherein said curved recess has a cross-dimension size less than 80 millimeters;wherein said curved recess comprises a radius of curvature less than 1,000 millimeters;wherein said curved recess has a recess depth less than 2.26 millimeters;an auxiliary mirror metallic reflector coated at said curved recess at said second side of said glass substrate;a principal mirror metallic reflector coated at said principal reflector portion;wherein said mirror reflective element comprises a fixed reflectance non-electro-optic mirror ...

High performance privacy glazing structures

A privacy glazing structure may be fabricated from multiple panes of transparent material that hold an optically active material and also define a between-pane space that is separated from a surrounding environment for thermal insulating properties. The privacy glazing structure may include various functional coatings and intermediate films to enhance the performance and/or life span of the structure. For example, the privacy glazing structure may include a low emissivity coating and a laminate layer positioned between an optically active layer and an exterior environment exposed to sunlight. The low emissivity coating and laminate layer may work in combination to effectively protect the optically active layer from sunlight degradation. Additionally or alternatively, the laminate layer may impart safety and impact resistance properties to the structure.

Electrochromic multi-layer devices with charge sequestration and related methods

An electrochromic multi-layer stack is provided. The multi-layer stack includes an electrochromic multi-layer stack having a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer, a first electrode layer, an ion conductor layer, a second substrate, a second electrically conductive layer, and a second electrode layer. The multi-layer stack includes a redox element, wherein the redox element is electrically isolated from the first and second electrically conductive layers and the first and second electrode layer and is laterally adjacent to either the first electrically conductive layer and the first electrode, or the second electrically conductive layer and the second electrode layer. A method for controlling an electrochromic device is also provided.

Electrochromic display device, and method for manufacturing same

Provided are an electrochromic display device and a method of manufacturing the electrochromic display device, the electrochromic display device, including: a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other; an electrochromic layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a sealing part provided in a continuous ring-like shape on the first substrate or the second substrate and intended for sealing the electrochromic layer. Thus, production efficiency can be increased, and production costs can be reduced.

COLOR TUNING OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES USING AN ORGANIC DYE

Disclosed is a method to color tune an electrochromic device by the use of a standard dye. By following the “subtractive color mixing” theory and selecting the appropriate standard dye to compliment or accentuate the electrochromic material, tuning of the optical and colorimetric properties of the resulting electrochromic device can be achieved. The method can also be used to prepare electrochromic devices that will switch between two neutral colors.

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

An electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode that is opposed to and apart from the first electrode; and an electrolyte that is between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first electrode includes a polymerized product of an electrochromic composition that includes a radical-polymerizable compound including a triarylamine backbone, and wherein the second electrode includes a compound represented by General Formula (I) where Rand Reach denote a hydrogen atom, an aryl group including 14 or less carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group including 14 or less carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group including 10 or less carbon atoms, an alkenyl group including 10 or less carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group including 10 or less carbon atoms, or a functional group that is capable of binding to a hydroxyl group; n and m each denote 0 or an integer of from 1 through 10; and X denotes a charge-neutralizing ion. 2. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 ,wherein the first electrode comprises a cross-linked product of a first electrochromic composition comprising the radical-polymerizable compound comprising a triarylamine backbone and another radical-polymerizable compound comprising a radical-polymerizable functional group different from the radical-polymerizable compound comprising a triarylamine backbone.3. The electrochromic element according to claim 2 ,wherein the radical-polymerizable compound comprising a triarylamine backbone or the another radical-polymerizable compound different from the radical-polymerizable compound comprising a triarylamine backbone comprises two or more radical-polymerizable functional groups.4. The electrochromic element according to claim 2 , wherein the radical-polymerizable functional group included in the another radical-polymerizable compound comprises at least one of an acryloyloxy group and a methacryloyloxy group.5. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the radical- ...

FABRICATION AND APPLICATION OF NANOFIBER RIBBONS AND SHEETS AND TWISTED AND NON-TWISTED NANOFIBER YARNS

A nanofiber forest on a substrate can be patterned to produce a patterned assembly of nanofibers that can be drawn to form nanofiber sheets, ribbons, or yarns. 1469-. (canceled)470. A process for producing a nanofiber sheet , ribbon , or yarn , the process comprising:(a) synthesizing a nanofiber forest on a substrate, wherein the nanofiber forest comprises a substantially parallel array of nanofibers;(b) patterning the array of nanofibers to produce a patterned assembly of nanofibers by patterned deposition of a catalyst on the substrate, cutting patterns in the nanofiber forest, or combinations thereof, wherein the patterned assembly of nanofibers comprises neighboring strips of nanofiber forests that are parallel and separated by regions defined by at least one of: (i) substantially no nanofibers; (ii) nanofibers of different type; (iii) nanofibers of a different height (iv) nanofibers on a different coating; (v) nanofibers of a different chemical treatment and (vi) combinations thereof; and(c) drawing said nanofibers from the nanofiber forest to form a primary assembly that is the nanofiber sheet, ribbon, or yarn.471. The process of claim 470 , wherein(a) the step of drawing occurs without twisting when the primary assembly is the nanofiber ribbon or the nanofiber sheet, wherein the nanofiber ribbon or the nanofiber sheet has a width more than one millimeter, and(b) the step of drawing includes twisting when the primary assembly is the nanofiber yarn, wherein the nanofiber yarn has a width less than one millimeter.472. The process of claim 470 , wherein the nanofibers comprise at least one of: single walled nanotubes claim 470 , double walled nanotubes claim 470 , multiwalled nanotubes claim 470 , scrolled nanotubes claim 470 , coiled nanofibers claim 470 , functionalized nanofibers and crimped nanofibers.473. The process of claim 470 , wherein the nanofibers are selected from the group consisting of imogolite nanofibers; carbon nanotubes; SiC nanofibers; ...

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

An electrochromic element is provided. The electrochromic element includes a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode with a gap therebetween, and a color developing layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The color developing layer includes an electrochromic compound that develops and discharges color by a redox reaction and a compound having an adsorption group adsorptive to the first electrode. 1. An electrochromic element comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode facing the first electrode with a gap therebetween; and an electrochromic compound that develops and discharges color by a redox reaction; and', 'a compound having an adsorption group adsorptive to the first electrode., 'a color developing layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the color developing layer including2. The electrochromic element of claim 1 , wherein the color developing layer includes:a first electrochromic layer in contact with the first electrode; andan electrolyte layer including an electrolyte,wherein the first electrochromic layer includes the electrochromic compound and the compound having an adsorption group, andwherein the electrochromic compound is a first electrochromic compound that develops color by an oxidation reaction.3. The electrochromic element of claim 2 ,wherein each of the first electrochromic compound and the compound having an adsorption group has a polymerizable functional group, andwherein the first electrochromic layer includes a copolymer of the first electrochromic compound and the compound having an adsorption group.4. The electrochromic compound of claim 2 , wherein the first electrochromic compound includes a polymerizable compound having a triarylamine structure.5. The electrochromic element of claim 2 , wherein the color developing layer further includes a second electrochromic layer in contact with the second electrode claim 2 ,wherein the second electrochromic layer ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

An electrochromic device is provided including a first substrate, a first electrode on the first substrate, a second substrate, a second electrode on the second substrate facing the first electrode, an electrochromic layer in contact with the first electrode, an anti-deterioration layer in contact with the second electrode facing the first electrode, and an electrolyte layer in contact with both the electrochromic layer and the anti-deterioration layer. At least one of the first electrode and the second electrode includes InO, and has an infrared light transmittance of 70% or more at a wavelength of 1,500 nm. The electrochromic layer includes a triarylamine-containing radical polymerizable compound represented by a specific formula. 2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein claim 1 , when a redox reaction occurs in the electrochromic layer claim 1 , the electrochromic device transits from a transparent state in which a light transmittance within a wavelength range of from 450 to 1 claim 1 ,000 nm is 60% or more to another state in which a light transmittance within a wavelength range of from 750 nm to 1 claim 1 ,000 nm is smaller than that in the transparent state.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 ,{'sub': 2', '3, 'wherein the at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is formed with a sputtering target including the indium oxide represented by InO,'}wherein, when the at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is subjected to an X-ray diffraction measurement, no (440) plane peak is detected at around 2θ≃52 (degrees), or an intensity ratio of a (440) plane peak detected at around 2θ≃52 (degrees) to a main (222) plane peak detected at around 2θ≃32 (degrees) is less than 0.14.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein a content rate of the indium oxide represented by InOin the oxide material is 95% by mass or more.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the anti-deterioration layer and the electrolyte ...

ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOUND, ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOSITION, AND ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

An electrochromic compound represented by the following formula (I) is provided: 2. The electrochromic compound of claim 1 , wherein at least one of Rand Ris the polymerizable functional group.3. The electrochromic compound of claim 1 , wherein the monovalent organic group is selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups claim 1 , alkenyl groups claim 1 , alkynyl groups claim 1 , aryl groups claim 1 , heteroaryl groups claim 1 , alkoxy groups claim 1 , aryloxy groups claim 1 , and heteroaryloxy groups.4. The electrochromic compound of claim 1 , wherein each of Rand Ris selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups claim 1 , alkenyl groups claim 1 , alkynyl groups claim 1 , aryl groups claim 1 , heteroaryl groups claim 1 , alkoxy groups claim 1 , aryloxy groups claim 1 , and heteroaryloxy groups.5. The electrochromic compound of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable functional group has a structure including at least one member selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups claim 1 , aryl groups claim 1 , and alkyl-group-substituted aryl groups.6. The electrochromic compound of claim 1 , wherein the polymerizable functional group is acryloyloxy group or methacryloyloxy group.7. An electrochromic composition comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrochromic compound of ; and'}a polymerizable compound.8. An electrochromic element comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00001', 'claim 1'}, 'the electrochromic compound of .'}9. The electrochromic element of claim 8 , further comprising an electrochromic layer disposed on the first electrode claim 8 , the electrochromic layer including the electrochromic compound.10. The electrochromic element of claim 9 , wherein the electrochromic layer includes two or more electrochromic layers.11. The electrochromic element of claim 9 , wherein the electrochromic layer is ...

RESISTIVE COATING FOR VOLTAGE UNIFORMITY

An electrode for an electrochromic device includes a resistive layer disposed over a conductive layer. The resistive layer is disposed between the conductive layer and an electrochromic material in the electrochromic device. The electrode reduces non-uniform response of the electrochromic material when the electrochromic device is in operation. 1. An electrode assembly for an electrochromic device , comprising:a substrate;a conductive layer disposed over the substrate; anda resistive layer disposed over the conductive layer,wherein the substrate, the conductive layer, and the resistive layer is substantially transparent.2. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , further comprising an additional conductive layer disposed over the resistive layer claim 1 , wherein the additional conductive layer is substantially transparent.3. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide.4. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the resistive layer comprises oxidized titanium disilicide.5. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the resistive layer has a resistance of about 1 claim 1 ,000 Ω/square to about 10 claim 1 ,000 Ω/square.6. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises a glass material or a polymer material.7. An electrochromic device claim 1 , comprising:a first substrate;a first conductive layer disposed over the first substrate;a first resistive layer disposed over the first conductive layer;an electrochromic material;a second substrate;a second conductive layer disposed over the second substrate; anda second resistive layer disposed over the second conductive layer,wherein the first resistive layer is disposed between the first conductive layer and the electrochromic material, and the second resistive layer is disposed between the second conductive layer and the electrochromic material.8. The electrochromic device of claim 7 , further comprising at least one seal configured to prevent the ...

ELECTROCHROMIC COMPOSITION AND ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE USING SAME

Electrochromic compositions for use in devices with electrically controlled absorption of light such as light filters of variable optical density, light emission modulators, and information image displays. The described electrochromic compositions may be used, for example, for creating light-transmitting coatings of buildings for controlling indoor microclimate by regulating the flow of natural light. Specifically, described is an exemplary organic electrochromic composition that is based on biocompatible and biodegradable components and is characterized by an increased service life, a high rate of light-transmission change. The described electrochromic compositions may be prepared in a wide range of light-absorption spectra and coating colors. 1. An electrochromic composition comprising a cathodic component in the form of a quaternary salt of dipyridine , an anodic component in the form of a ferrocene derivative , a polymeric thickener , and a solvent , wherein the cathodic component comprises 1 ,1′-dialkyl-4 ,4′-bipyridinium with anions such as BF4- , PF6- , ClO4- , CF3SO3- or (CF3SO2)2N—; the polymeric thickener comprises a copolymer of methylacrylate and an acrylic acid , polyvinyl acetate , a polylactic acid , or poly-3-hydroxybutyrate; and the solvent comprises propylene carbonate or N-methylpyrrolidone or di - , tri - polyethylene glycols or their esters; the components being used in the following mass percentage [%] quantities: 0 ,4-3 ,6 of the cathodic component in the form of 1 ,1-dimethyl-4 ,4-dipyridinium with anions such as BF- , PF- , ClO- , CFSO- or (CFSO)N—; 0 ,3-3 ,0 of the anodic component in the form of 1 ,1′-diethylferrocene derivative; and the balance being a solvent in the form of butyrolactone or propylene carbonate or N-methylpyrrolidone or di- , tri-polyethylene glycols or their esters.2. The electrochromic composition of claim 1 , further comprising at least one antioxidant.3. The electrochromic composition of claim 2 , wherein the at least ...

Electrochromic compounds with improved color stability in their radical states

An electrochromic device includes an electrochromic compound with reduced intermolecular interactions resulting in uncontrolled color changes, the electrochromic represented by Formula (I):

Electrochemical devices with plastic substrates

An electrochromic device includes a flexible plastic substrate including a front surface, and a rear surface, wherein the rear surface comprises a first conductive material; and a rigid plastic substrate including a front surface, and a rear surface, wherein the front surface comprises a second conductive material, wherein the first substrate is joined to the second substrate by a sealing member, wherein the rear surface of the first substrate and the front surface of the second substrate with the sealing member define a chamber therebetween.

DISPLAY DEVICE

The present disclosure relates to a display device including a first electrode and a second electrode which are disposed oppositely and are configured to shift a bright state or a dark state of an pixel unit by changing an electric field applied between the first electrode and the second electrode; a reflection member configured to reflect an incident light toward a light-emitting side of the display device; and a reflection compensation member disposed below the reflection member in a direction of the incident light to compensate a light reflection efficiency of the reflection member, wherein the light reflection efficiency of the reflection compensation member is set to be larger when the pixel unit is in the bright state than that when the pixel unit is in the dark state. 1. A display device , comprisinga first electrode and a second electrode which are disposed oppositely and are configured to shift a bright state or a dark state of a pixel unit by changing an electric field applied between the first electrode and the second electrode;a reflection member configured to reflect an incident light toward a light-emitting side of the display device; anda reflection compensation member disposed below the reflection member in a direction of the incident light to compensate a light reflection efficiency of the reflection member, wherein the light reflection efficiency of the reflection compensation member is set to be larger when the pixel unit is in the bright state than when the pixel unit is in the dark state.2. The display device according to claim 1 , whereinthe reflection compensation member comprises an electrochromic layer, a light reflection efficiency of which varies depending on a voltage applied thereto.3. The display device according to claim 2 , whereinthe electrochromic layer is an inorganic electrochromic layer, and the material thereof is an oxide of a transition metal element.4. The display device according to claim 3 , wherein{'sub': '2', 'the ...

ELECTROCHROMIC THERMOPLASTICS, DEVICES, AND COMPOSITES

An electrochromic thermoplastic composition includes about 10 wt % to about 60 wt % a poly(vinyl alcohol), a poly(acrylic acid), a poly(acrylic acid) salt, a polyaniline salt, a poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid), a co-polymer of any two or more thereof, or a mixture of any two or more thereof; about 40 wt % to about 90 wt % of a protic solvent; and at least one electroactive material; wherein the composition does not include lithium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium triflate, and lithium hexafluorophosphate. 1. An electrochromic thermoplastic composition comprising:about 10 wt % to about 60 wt % of a poly(vinyl alcohol), a poly(acrylic acid), a poly(acrylic acid) salt, a polyaniline salt, a poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride), a poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid), a co-polymer of any two or more thereof, or a mixture of any two or more thereof;about 40 wt % to about 90 wt % of a protic solvent; andat least one electroactive material;wherein the composition is substantially void of lithium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium triflate, and lithium hexafluorophosphate.2. The electrochromic thermoplastic composition of comprising:about 10 wt % to about 60 wt % poly(vinyl alcohol),about 40 wt % to about 90 wt % of the protic solvent; andat least one electroactive material.3. The electrochromic thermoplastic composition of claim 1 , wherein the protic solvent comprises an alcohol claim 1 , a carboxylic acid claim 1 , a primary amino compound claim 1 , a secondary amino compound claim 1 , water claim 1 , or a mixture of any two or more thereof.6. The electrochromic thermoplastic composition of which comprises at least two different compounds represented by Formula (II).7. The electrochromic thermoplastic composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises at least one cathodic material and at least one anodic ...

ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIAL AND TRANSMITTANCE VARIABLE PANEL AND DISPLAY DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

The present disclosure relates to an electrochromic material having a relatively high response speed and a reversible discoloration even by a relatively low driving voltage and an electrochromic particle, a transmittance variable panel and a transmittance variable display device including the electrochromic material.

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE WITH SELECTIVE MEMBRANE

An electrochromic device including a selective membrane separating two liquid media including at least one electrochromic compound and at least one compound able to be oxidized or reduced and showing low energy consumption. 1. An electrochromic device comprising :two electrodes defining a chamber,a selective membrane separating the chamber in two compartments,two liquid materials filling the compartments,at least one electrochromic compound and at least one compound able to be oxidized or reduced dispersed in said liquid materials,wherein electrochromic device has a light transmittance larger than 80% in clear state.2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , wherein the selective membrane has a thickness lower than 300 μm.3. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , wherein the membrane is a polyvinylalcohol membrane.4. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , wherein liquid materials are gels.5. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , wherein liquid materials are PMMA based gels.6. The electrochromic device according to having a light transmittance larger than 85% in clear state.7. An optical article comprising an electrochromic device according to .8. The optical article of claim 7 , said article being an optical lens.9. The optical article of claim 7 , said article being an ophthalmic lens.10. A method of preparation of an electrochromic device comprising the following steps:providing a first substrate coated with a first electrode on at least a part of one face of the first substrate,laying a first liquid material on said first electrode,laying a selective membrane on said first liquid material, forming a first compartment between said first electrode and said selective membrane,providing a second substrate coated with a second electrode on at least a part of one face of the second substrate, so as to define a second compartment limited by the selective membrane and the said second electrode,filling said second compartment with a ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

The present application relates to an electrochromic device and a method for manufacturing the electrochromic device. The present application can provide an electrochromic device having increased productivity and improved electrochromic rate and durability, and a method for manufacturing the electrochromic device. The electrochromic device may be advantageously used in various devices such as smart windows, smart mirrors, displays, electronic papers and adaptive camouflage. 1. An electrochromic device sequentially comprising a first electrode layer , a composite electrochromic layer , an electrolyte layer , an ion storage layer and a second electrode layer , wherein said composite electrochromic layer comprises a laminate structure of a plurality of electrochromic layers , at least two electrochromic layers among said plurality of electrochromic layers have densities different from each other , and the electrochromic layer having a higher density among said at least two electrochromic layers having different densities is disposed closer to said first electrode layer than the electrochromic layer having a lower density.2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , wherein said two electrochromic layers having different densities are driven adjacent to each other.3. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , wherein said two electrochromic layers having different densities are directly laminated to each other.4. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , wherein said two electrochromic layers having different densities have a density difference of 0.1 g/cmor more.5. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , wherein said electrochromic layer having the higher density has a density of 5.0 g/cmto 8.0 g/cm.6. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , wherein said electrochromic layer having the lower density has a density of 3.0 g/cmto 7.0 g/cm.7. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , wherein each of said two electrochromic ...

Display device

There is disclosed an electrochromic passive-matrix display, wherein each passively addressed pixel cell comprises an electrolyte ionically connecting an electrochromic and electrochemically active polymer and a layer of electrically conducting carbon. Thus, each pixel has a pronounced threshold voltage sufficient for reducing cross talk in an electrochromic display.

Exterior mirror reflective element with auxiliary reflector

A mirror reflective element suitable for use in an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle includes a glass substrate having a first side and an opposing second side. The mirror reflective element has a principal reflector portion and an auxiliary reflector portion. The auxiliary reflector portion includes a curved recess established at the second side of the glass substrate. An auxiliary mirror metallic reflector is coated at the curved recess at the second side of the glass substrate and a principal mirror metallic reflector is coated at the principal reflector portion. The mirror reflective element is configured so that, when an exterior rearview mirror assembly equipped with the mirror reflective element is normally mounted at a side of a vehicle, the curved recess is disposed at an outboard upper region of the mirror reflective element relative to the side of the equipped vehicle.

Method of forming an exterior mirror reflector sub-assembly with auxiliary reflector portion

A method of forming a mirror reflector sub-assembly suitable for use in an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle includes providing a glass substrate and physically removing glass from a portion of a second surface of the glass substrate to form a curved recess locally thereat, and coating via a vacuum deposition process the second surface of the glass substrate with a mirror reflector to form a mirror reflective element suitable for use in an automotive exterior rearview mirror assembly. The method includes forming a mirror back plate in a plastic molding operation and providing a heater pad and disposing the heater pad between the coated second surface of the glass substrate and the first side of the mirror back plate.

Exterior mirror reflective element with auxiliary reflector

A mirror reflective element suitable for use in an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle includes a glass substrate having a first side and an opposing second side. The mirror reflective element has a principal reflector portion and an auxiliary reflector portion. The auxiliary reflector portion includes a curved recess established at the second side of the glass substrate. An auxiliary mirror metallic reflector is coated at the curved recess at the second side of the glass substrate and a principal mirror metallic reflector is coated at the principal reflector portion. The mirror reflective element is configured so that, when an exterior rearview mirror assembly equipped with the mirror reflective element is normally mounted at a side of a vehicle, the curved recess is disposed at an outboard upper region of the mirror reflective element relative to the side of the equipped vehicle.

Method of forming an exterior mirror reflector sub-assembly with auxiliary reflector portion

A method of forming a mirror reflector sub-assembly suitable for use in an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle includes providing a glass substrate and physically removing glass from a portion of a second surface of the glass substrate to form a curved recess locally thereat, and coating via a vacuum deposition process the second surface of the glass substrate with a mirror reflector to form a mirror reflective element suitable for use in an automotive exterior rearview mirror assembly. The method includes forming a mirror back plate in a plastic molding operation and providing a heater pad and disposing the heater pad between the coated second surface of the glass substrate and the first side of the mirror back plate. The heater pad is adhered to the coated second surface of glass substrate and to the first side of the mirror back plate.

Electrochromic eyewear

Electrochromic eyewear that include a removable electrochromic lens are provided herein.

Controlling transitions in optically switchable devices

Aspects of this disclosure concern controllers and control methods for applying a drive voltage to bus bars of optically switchable devices such as electrochromic devices. Such devices are often provided on windows such as architectural glass. In certain embodiments, the applied drive voltage is controlled in a manner that efficiently drives an optical transition over the entire surface of the electrochromic device. The drive voltage is controlled to account for differences in effective voltage experienced in regions between the bus bars and regions proximate the bus bars. Regions near the bus bars experience the highest effective voltage.

Electrochromic element, optical filter, lens unit, image pickup apparatus, and window member

Provided is an electrochromic element, including a first electrode, a second electrode, a carrier, and an electrolyte, and an anodic organic electrochromic compound and a cathodic redox substance that are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode being transparent, in which: the electrolyte, and the anodic organic electrochromic compound and the cathodic redox substance are mixed; the electrolyte is in contact with the first electrode, the second electrode, and the carrier; the carrier has a redox substance; the reduced form of the redox substance of the carrier is more easily oxidized than the reduced form of the anodic organic electrochromic compound.

Electrochromic grating and 3D display device

The disclosure relates to a 3D display device. The 3D display device includes a display panel and an electrochromic grating that is located on a light output side of the display panel; wherein the electrochromic grating comprises: a first transparent electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer and a second transparent electrode layer that are overlapped on a substrate of the display panel in sequence. As the solid electrolyte layer is used replacing the process in prior art that an upper and lower glasses substrates are used to package the electrochromic grating and thus avoiding complex packaging process, the 3D display device can be thinned. Further, as the electrochromic grating is directly formed on the substrate of the display panel, alignment between the electrochromic grating and the sub-pixels in the display panel can be more simple and accurate.

Fabrication and application of nanofiber ribbons and sheets and twisted and non-twisted nanofiber yarns

Fabricating a nanofiber sheet, ribbon, or yarn by a continuous process that includes synthesizing a nanofiber forest in a forest growth region on a substrate, wherein the nanofiber forest comprises a parallel array of nanofibers, and further includes drawing said nanofibers from the nanofiber forest to form a primary assembly that is a sheet, ribbon or yarn. The substrate continuously moves from the furnace growth region into a region where the nanofibers in the forest are drawn.

Organic compound

The present invention provides an organic compound to be used in an electrochromic device. The organic compound has excellent oxidation-reduction repeating characteristics and shows high transparency in the bleached state without showing light absorption in the visible light region. The organic compound has a structure represented by Formula [1] according to claim 1 . In Formula [1], A 1 and A 2 represent substituents, and at least one of A 1 and A 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an optionally substituted aryl group. R 1 represents a substituent, X represents an electrochromic portion, and n is an integer of 1 to 3.

Electrochromic two-core viologen derivatives and optical articles containing them

The present invention relates to a group of novel electrochromic materials. More specifically, it relates to electrochromic materials having two-core viologens and the use of these two-core viologens as a variable transmittance medium for the manufacture of an optical article, such as an ophthalmic lens.

Emissive display system

An emissive display system includes an electro-optic device having a first substantially transparent substrate including first and second surfaces disposed on opposite sides thereof. At least one of the first and second surfaces includes a first electrically conductive layer. A second substantially transparent substrate includes third and fourth surfaces disposed on opposite sides thereof. At least one of the third and fourth surfaces includes a second electrically conductive layer. A primary seal disposed between the first and second substrates. The seal and the first and second substrates define a cavity therebetween. An electro-optic medium is disposed in the cavity and is variably transmissive such that the electro-optic device is operable between substantially clear and darkened states. A substantially transparent light emitting display is disposed adjacent to the electro-optic device, which is converted to the darkened state when the light emitting display is emitting light.

Electrochromic element

An electrochromic element, includes: a pair of electrodes (3, 5); and an electrochromic layer (7) disposed between the pair of electrodes (3, 5), the electrochromic element being controlled in transmittance by pulse width modulation, in which: the electrochromic layer (7) contains at least one of two or more kinds of anode electrochromic materials, or two or more kinds of cathode electrochromic materials; and all of one of the anode electrochromic materials and the cathode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or have a molecular length ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) of 1.4 or less, the electrochromic element being such that even when a driving environment temperature changes, its gradation can be controlled under a state in which its absorption spectrum is retained.

Electrochromic composition and electrochromic element

An electrochromic composition has an anodic electrochromic compound and a cathodic electrochromic compound, in which the anodic electrochromic compound is represented by General Formula [1] and the cathodic electrochromic compound is represented by General Formula [2] In General Formula 1, A 1 to A 4 represent substituents, R 1 and R 2 , and R 20 and R 21 represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. n is an integer of 1 to 5. X represents a thiophene derivative and Y- represents an anion.

Color filter and liquid crystal panel

The present invention provides a color filter and a liquid crystal display. The color filter comprises a substrate, and a color resist layer and a black matrix positioned on the substrate, and the color resist layer comprises a plurality of pixel areas aligned in array, and the plurality of pixel areas are separated by the black matrix, and the pixel area comprises a sub pixel main area and a sub pixel sub area, and two sides of the sub pixel sub area are respectively provided with a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode electrically coupled thereto; the sub pixel sub area is made by electrochromic material, and by adjusting voltage signals applied to the two sides of the sub pixel sub area with the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, color variation of the sub pixel sub area is controlled to achieve switch of the color filter between high color saturation and high brightness display modes. The liquid crystal panel of the present invention is provided with the color filter capable of achieving switch of the color filter between high color saturation and high brightness display modes to satisfy the display requirement of high color saturation and high brightness at the same time.