ПРИЛОЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОПТИЧЕСКИ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАЕМЫМИ УСТРОЙСТВАМИ

Изобретение относится к области средств обеспечения работы электрохромных элементов, а именно к управлению оптическим состоянием одного или большего количества оптически переключаемых окон или других оптических изделий, установленных в конструкции, например в здании. Техническим результатом является обеспечение возможности пользователям отправлять и/или принимать данные и/или инструкции для управления переключаемыми оптическими изделиями, а также изменения пользователем правила или признака, связанного с управлением переключаемым оптическим изделием. Для этого контролируют пользовательское управление оптическими состояниями оптически переключаемых устройств, реализованное посредством приложения, представляющего интерфейс пользователя устройстве, удаленном от сети, через которую подключено оптически переключаемое устройство, получают новое правило на основании данных контроля истории пользовательского контроля посредством приложения и выдают предупреждающий сигнал посредством приложения, ...

ТРАНСПОРТНОЕ СРЕДСТВО И СПОСОБ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СВЕТОПРОНИЦАЕМОСТЬЮ ОКОН ТРАНСПОРТНОГО СРЕДСТВА

Предложено транспортное средство, содержащее камеру, окно, светочувствительный датчик, контроллер, искусственную нейронную сеть. Камера выдает данные изображения, соответствующие одному или более изображениям, снятым с занимающего место человека в транспортном средстве. Датчик распознает поток излучения, переданный через окно, имеющее переменную светопроницаемость, к занимающему место человеку. Искусственная нейронная сеть классифицирует восприятие переданного потока излучения занимающим место человеком на основе изображений и переданного потока излучения. С помощью нейронной сети формируют показатель сходства для каждого из множества классов конфигурации занимающего место человека, с использованием данных изображения в качестве входных данных, при этом каждый из множества классов связан с соответствующим восприятием потока излучения занимающим место человеком. Выбирают класс конфигурации занимающего место человека, связанный с занимающим место человеком, основываясь на показателе сходства ...

СПОСОБ ПОДАЧИ ПИТАНИЯ НА ЭЛЕКТРОУПРАВЛЯЕМОЕ УСТРОЙСТВО, ИМЕЮЩЕЕ ПЕРЕМЕННЫЕ ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ И/ИЛИ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА

Изобретение относится к электроуправляемым системам. В устройстве, содержащем, по меньшей мере, одну несущую подложку, снабженную многослойной структурой, которая обеспечивает миграцию активных частиц, многослойная структура находится между двумя электродами, подключенными соответственно к верхнему и нижнему токовводам. Способ характеризуется тем, что кроме постоянного приложенного первого энергетического потенциала Р1, Р1', к токовводам прикладывают изменяющийся со временем второй энергетический потенциал Р2, Р2', причем первый и второй энергетические потенциалы предназначены для переключения между двумя состояниями Е1 и Е2 электроуправляемого устройства, имеющими разные оптические/энергетические свойства пропускания или отражения. 3 н. и 18 з.п. ф-лы, 5 ил.

УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ЭЛЕКТРОХРОМНЫМ АВТОМОБИЛЬНЫМ ЗЕРКАЛОМ ЗАДНЕГО ВИДА

Использование: автомобильный транспорт. Сущность изобретения: устройство для управления электрохромным автомобильным зеркалом заднего вида содержит блок рабочего и опорного фотоприемников, блок сравнения, блок включения и конвертор напряжения постоянного тока, выполненный в виде импульсного стабилизатора напряжения. Для уменьшения времени затемнения зеркала дополнительно введен модуль и использован орган форсированного пуска стабилизатора напряжения. Устройство обеспечивает уменьшенное потребление мощности при управлении электрохромным зеркалом. 3 ил., 1 табл.

СПОСОБ СТАБИЛИЗИРОВАННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВЫСОКОСКОРОСТНЫМ ОПТИЧЕСКИМ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЕМ ЭЛЕКТРОХРОМНОГО МОДУЛЯ И УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ЕГО ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИЯ

Изобретение относится к способам и устройствам для управления оптическим переключением электрохромных устройств. Сущность изобретения заключается в том, что согласно способу стабилизированного управления высокоскоростным оптическим переключением электрохромного модуля управление оптическим переключением обеспечивается приложением к нему управляющего напряжения от источника питания, определяемого таким образом, чтобы обеспечиваемая прикладываемым напряжением эффективная разность потенциалов в электрохромном модуле в каждый момент времени процесса переключения поддерживалась на максимальном уровне, одновременно с этим оставаясь в предварительно определенных безопасных пределах, характерных для протекающей электрохимической реакции оптического переключения. Технический результат заключается в обеспечении стабильности процесса переключения, исключении паразитных тепловых эффектов, минимизации длительности оптического переключения электрохромных модулей. 2 н.п. ф-лы, 4 ил., 2 табл.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯМИ В ОПТИЧЕСКИ ПЕРЕКЛЮЧАЕМЫХ УСТРОЙСТВАХ

Chassis part for vehicles has solar cell arranged between support and covering layer

Chassis part has a solar cell (2) arranged between a support (1a, 1b) and a covering layer (5). A flat electrochromic element (3) is arranged between the support and the covering layer. The solar cell is electrically connected to the flat electrochromic element. An independent claim is also included for a vehicle having the above chassis part.

VORRICHTUNG ZUM DARSTELLEN VON INFORMATIONEN

Electrochromic display device

An electrochromic display (indicating) device is described which has a multiplicity of segment display electrodes (3) and first additional electrodes (9); a layer of an electrochromic material which makes contact with each of the segment display electrodes and each of the first additional electrodes; a first connecting circuit for selective connection and dividing of all the segment display electrodes into two groups as a function of a display pattern to be displayed; a counting circuit for counting and determining the difference in the display area between the two groups of segment display electrodes; a sorting circuit which divides the first additional electrode into two groups as a function of the difference between the display area; a second connecting circuit for connecting each of the two groups of the first additional electrodes to each of the two groups of the segment display electrodes; a power supply (17) for supplying electrical power to each of the two pairs, each of which comprises ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY

Electrochromic display device.

An electrochromic display device comprising a display electrode group, a refresh electrode and a counter electrode, is driven by an electric charge transmisson method. Initially the coloration electric charge is injected into some of the display electrodes from the counter electrode. Thereafter the stored coloration electrode charge is cyclically transmitted among the display electrode group to display a variant pattern. The repeat of the transmission causes deterioration of an amount of the coloration electric charge. In order to compensate a lack of the amount of the coloration electric charge, periodically a coloration electric charge is injected into the refresh electrode from the counter electrode. Then the newly added coloration electric charge is transmitted into the display electrode group to maintain display contrast.

Electrochromic display device and method of driving the same

An electrochromic display device has an electrolyte contained between two spaced-apart substrates. A plurality of display segments are disposed on the surface of at least one of the substrates in contact with the electrolyte, and a counter electrode is disposed on the surface of the other substrate in contact with the electrolyte. Each of the display segments comprises a transparent electrode and an electrochromic layer disposed on the transparent electrode such that the display segment exhibits either colored or bleached states depending on the amount of electric charge held by the display segment. A charge transfer voltage is periodically applied between preselected bleached and colored display segments to effect transfer of electric charges through the electrolyte to thereby periodically change the display state. The difference between the coloration electric charge quantity at the present display state and the coloration electric charge quantity at the next display state is compensated ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

Electro-optical display device and method of energising the same

A driving circuit for an electrochromic display cell wherein writing and erasing of electrode-segments are effected by relatively high write and erase transition potentials. After a predetermined transition period, the written and erased electrode-segments are stabilized at a desired coloration or transparency, respectively, by application of a maintaining write potential and a maintaining erase potential. The maintaining potentials are at a lower level than the respective transition potentials. In this manner, the write and erase charges or potentials on the electrode-segments are substantially maintained at a desired level to maintain the desired contrast ratio between the written and erased electrode-segment.

ELECTRONICALLY STEERED DEVICE WITH VARIABLES OPTICAL ONES AND/OR PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AS WELL AS CONTROL PROCEDURES FOR IT

PROCEDURE FOR THE PRODUCTION A ELECTROCHROMEN OF A BOARD

ELECTRICAL CHROME WINDOW.

GRADUAL CHARGE CONTROL FOR ELECTRICAL CHROME LAYERS.

PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR THE CONTROL OF AN ELECTROLYTIC INDICATOR CELL.

INTELLIGENT ONE ELECTRICAL PHOTO CHROME WINDOW

ELECTRICAL CHROME GLAZING

ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY DEVICE

Chromogenic glazing

Reversible electrochemical mirror (rem) state monitoring

ELECTROLYTIC APPARATUS HAVING A STABLE REFERENCE

ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAY APPARATUS

ELECTROCHROMIC OPTICAL ELEMENT HAVING AN APODIZED APERTURE

Provided is an optical element with an electrochromic apodized aperture having variable light transmittance in response to the amplitude of an applied voltage. The apodized aperture includes a first substrate having a planar inner surface and an outer surface, a second substrate having an outer surface and a non-planar inner surface opposing and spaced from the planar inner surface of the first substrate, wherein each of the planar inner surface of the first substrate and the non-planar inner surface of the second substrate has an at least partial layer of transparent conductive material thereover; and an electrochromic medium disposed between the planar inner surface of the first substrate and the non-planar inner surface of the second substrate. The profiles of Figures 1-6 demonstrate the function of an electrochromic apodized iris.

TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION IN ACTIVE SUBSTRATE ELECTRO- OPTIC DISPLAYS

In an active substrate electro-optic display, such as a liquid crystal display utilizing a metalinsulator-metal (MIM) device in series with each picture element, temperature compensation techniques are employed to control the useful operating range of the display. For example, a temperature feedback scheme is utilized to modulate the frame period of the line driver circuits and may be used separately or in combination with pulse polarity repetition driving.

DISPLAY ARRANGEMENT WITH IMPROVED DRIVE

Display arrangement with improved drive. In order to attain that in an LCD display arrangement (TV), the voltage across the picture element (12) is inverted during each TV field period, two diodes (9, 19) per picture element are used, which are each connected to a separate row electrode (8). Each row electrode (8) is common to two rows of picture elements (12). Thus, arbitrary LCD liquids may be used, while the number of row connections is equal to the number of rows of picture elements.

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

An electrochromic device comprises a first electrode layer, an intermediate layer including an electrochromic layer, a second electrode layer, the first electrode layer, intermediate layer and second electrode layer being laminated in succession, and an electrode member connected to one of the first and second electrode layers and extending in a predetermined direction perpendicular to the direction of lamination of the first electrode layer, intermediate layer and second electrode layer. The resistances R1, R2 respectively of the first and second electrode layers and the internal resistance R3 of the intermediate layer satisfy predetermined conditions to achieve uniform coloration.

DISPLAY DEVICE WITH A THIN-FILM TRANSISTOR MATRIX AND A DISPLAY MEDIUM BETWEEN TWO SUPPORTING PLATES

An electrochromic display medium is present between two supporting plates. One supporting plate has, a TFT-ma?rix, in which each TFT circuit comprises two transistors and a capacitor. The second transistor of each TFT circuit is connected, via apertures in an insulating layer, to a conductive layer provided on one supporting plate. A transparent common counter electrode is provided on the other supporting plate.

METHOD FOR MAINTAINING THE ELECTROCHROMIC ACTIVITY OF AN ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIAL

This specification teaches a method for maintaining the electrochromic activity of an electrochromic material positioned between electrodes of an electrochromic device. The method disclosed for maintaining the electrochromic activity of the electrochromic material comprises applying a voltage across the electrodes of such level so to maintain an absolute single polarity charge abundance in the electrochromic material sufficient to keep it in an electrochromic state.

ELECTROCHROMIC REARVIEW MIRROR ASSEMBLY INCORPORATING A DISPLAY/SIGNAL LIGHT

According to one embodiment of the present invention, an electrochromic rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes an electrochromic mirror (110, 920) having a variable reflectivity, a glare sensor (160, 234) for sensing levels of light directed towards the front element from the rear of the vehicle, an ambient sensor (232) for sensing levels of ambient light, a display (146, 170) positioned behind the partially transmissive, partially reflective portion of the reflector for displaying information therethrough; and a control circuit (230, 900) coupled to the sensors and the display. The control circuit determines whether daytime or nightime conditions are present as a function of the ambient light level sensed by the glare sensor to control a contrast ratio of light originating from the display and light reflecting from the partially transmissive, partially reflective area of the reflector.

CONTROL METHODS AND SYSTEMS USING EXTERNAL 3D MODELING AND SCHEDULE-BASED COMPUTING

System for controlling tinting of one or more zones of windows in a building based on clear sky models for the building site maintained on a cloud network.

COMPENSATION SCHEME FOR ELECTROCHROMIC DISPLAYS

VARIABLE TRANSMISSION WINDOW SYSTEM

An electrical control system is disclosed for controlling a variable transmittance window. The electrical control system comprises a slave window control circuit coupled to the variable transmittance window and a user input mechanism for supplying control signals representing desired transmittance levels for the variable transmittance window to the slave window control circuit. The slave window control circuit controls the transmittance of the variable transmission window in response to control signals from the user input mechanism. The user input mechanism includes lights which provide information, such as current state and/or selected state of the variable transmittance window, whether the variable transmittance window is currently changing states, whether the user input mechanism is being overridden, and whether the system is operating properly. By providing such user feedback through the lights, user experience is much less complicated when attempting to control the transmittance of ...

PROCEDE D'ALIMENTATION ET DE COMMANDE DE CELLULES D'AFFICHAGE ELECTROCHROMIQUE.

TREIBERSCHALTUNG ZUR REGENERIERUNG VON ANZEIGEZUSTAENDEN BEI ELEKTROCHROMEN ANZEIGEELEMENTEN.

CIRCUIT DE COMMANDE POUR UN DISPOSITIF D'AFFICHAGE ELECTRO-CHROMIQUE.

DISPOSITIF DE COMMANDE POUR UN AFFICHAGE ELECTROCHROMIQUE.

ANSTEUERSCHALTUNG FUER ELEKTROCHROME ANZEIGEELEMENTE.

VERFAHREN ZUR ANSTEUERUNG EINER ELEKTROCHROMEN ANZEIGEVORRICHTUNG UND ANSTEUERSCHALTUNG ZUR DURCHFUEHRUNG DES VERFAHRENS.

ELEKTROCHROM-ANZEIGEEINRICHTUNG.

VERFAHREN ZUM ABSCHALTEN DER ANZEIGE EINER ELEKTROCHROMEN ANZEIGEVORRICHTUNG.

CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR ELECTRICAL CHROME DISPLAY ELEMENTS.

DRIVING CIRCUIT FOR THE RECOVERY OF DISPLAY CONDITIONS WHEN ELEKTROCHROMEN DISPLAY ELEMENTS.

PROCEDURE FOR THE KEEPING OF THE INDICATOR INTENSITY A ELEKTROCHROMEN OF A PICTURE INDICATOR AS WELL AS TAX ARRANGEMENT FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE PROCEDURE.

DRIVING CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTRICAL CHROME AN INDICATOR.

Driving device for an electrochromic display

A driving device for an electrochromic display (14, 5) comprises, in order to supply a display demanded by electronic circuits (1-4), means (7-13) for generating colour-marking pulses and erasure pulses. A circuit (6) for changing pulse durations distinguishes the two drive types, and conditions the generating means in order to give, suitably, different pulse durations to the pulses causing colour marking (28) and to the pulses causing erasure (27). ...

ELECTRICAL CHROME INDICATOR PLANT, AND PROCEDURE FOR THE ENTERPRISE OF THIS INDICATOR PLANT.

Method for driving an electrochromic display unit

Method for operating an electrochromic display panel

PROCESS Of FOOD AND ORDER OF CELLS Of POSTING ELECTROCHROMIQUE.

PROCEDURE FOR STEERING A ELEKTROCHROMEN A RENDITION DEVICE AND AN ELECTRICAL CHROME RENDITION DEVICE FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE PROCEDURE.

Electrochromic display device

PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTROL A ELEKTROCHROMEN OF A DISPLAY UNIT AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE PROCEDURE.

Electronic timepiece with electrochromic display

Electrochromic display device

CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR a DISPLAY DEVICE ELECTRO-CHROMIQUE.

PROCEDURE FOR THE CONTROL A ELEKTROCHROMEN OF AN INDICATOR AND A CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR THE EXECUTION OF THE PROCEDURE.

CONTROL CIRCUIT FOR AN ELECTRICAL CHROME AN INDICATOR.

ПРОЗРАЧНАЯ ЭЛЕКТРОХРОМНАЯ СИСТЕМА

Изобретение относится к прозрачной электрохромной системе (100), содержащей ячеистую структуру (13), два электрода (1, 2) питания, выполненные на одной стенке (10), и по меньшей мере один дополнительный электрод (3). Указанный дополнительный электрод можно использовать в качестве контрольного электрода или электрода поляризации. Он может также образовать конденсатор с четвертым электродом, который добавляют в систему для контроля за перемещением некоторых электроактивных веществ, отвечающих за окрашивание и обесцвечивание системы. За счет этого улучшают работу системы.

A projector and a projector equipped with the Image of the shielding system

Transparency adjustable intelligent toilet

Display with controllable display areas, and manufacturing method and control method thereof

The invention relates to a display with controllable display areas, and a manufacturing method and a control method thereof. The display with the controllable display areas comprises a display screen and an electrochromic screen which are packaged into a whole, wherein the display screen comprises a plurality of display pixels; the electrochromic screen comprises a plurality of electrochromic pixels; the electrochromic pixels correspond to the display pixels one to one; and the transmissivity of incident light from the display pixels of the display screen by changing the voltage of the corresponding electrochromic pixels. The display has the advantages of combining the advantages of electrochromic devices with other mature display techniques, selecting the display areas of the display screen on the premise of ensuring the picture display quality, enriching the display functions of the conventional display, and meeting the special application requirements of users.

显示单元及其驱动方法

... 本发明提供一种高显示质量的电致变色显示单元。该显示单元包括：一个透明电极(1)；一个形成在透明电极(1)上的并根据集聚的电荷量改变颜色的显示层(2)；和一个形成在显示层(2)上的离子传导层(3)。在离子传导层上与显示层(2)相反的一侧形成有多个像素电极(4)。像素电极(4)例如由对应的薄膜晶体管(6)独立地驱动。在驱动中，通过施加给定电荷量的驱动电流，而后再施加一定量的反向电流，扣除一定量的着色，并且消除显示层(2)的过度着色。 ...

Intelligent vehicle window projection equipment based on electrochromic glass

Method and apparatus for controlling electrochromic devices

Electrochromic rearview mirror assembly incorporating a display/signal light

The invention provides an electrochromic rearview mirror assembly incorporating a display/signal light. The electrochromic rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes an electrochromic mirror (110, 920) having a variable reflectivity, a glare sensor (160, 234) for sensing levels of light directed towards the front element from the rear of the vehicle, an ambient sensor (232) for sensing levels of ambient light, a display (146, 170) positioned behind the partially transmissive, partially reflective portion of the reflector for displaying information therethrough; and a control circuit (230, 900) coupled to the sensors and the display. The control circuit determines whether daytime or nightime conditions are present as a function of the ambient light level sensed by the glare sensor to control a contrast ratio of light originating from the display and light reflecting from the partially transmissive, partially reflective area of the reflector.

Electrochromic glass as well as preparation method and use method thereof

The invention discloses electrochromic glass and a preparation method and a use method.The electrochromic glass comprises a left transparent glass substrate, a photochromic glass substrate and a right transparent glass substrate which are sequentially arranged at intervals from left to right, and a glass substrate body is formed; the right side face of the left transparent glass substrate is plated with a left transparent conductive heating film, the left side face of the right transparent glass substrate is plated with a right transparent conductive heating film, the upper end of the glass substrate body is provided with a flow storage cavity, and the lower end of the glass substrate body is provided with a lamp control cavity. A left cavity is defined by the photochromic glass substrate and the left transparent glass substrate, a right cavity is defined by the photochromic glass substrate and the right transparent glass substrate, an ultraviolet shielding solution is contained in the ...

CIRCUIT Of ATTACK FOR a DISPLAY DEVICE ELECTROCHROMIQUE

Food of a cell électrochrome.

ELECTROCHROMIC GLAZING.

DISPLAY DEVICE ELECTROCHROMIQUE

CIRCUIT DE COMMANDE D'AFFICHEUR ELECTROLYTIQUE

LA PRESENTE INVENTION CONCERNE LES CELLULES D'AFFICHAGE ELECTROLYTIQUES. IL EST DECRIT UN CIRCUIT DE COMMANDE D'UNE TELLE CELLULE QUI COMPREND UN AMPLIFICATEUR DIFFERENTIEL A GRAND GAIN 18 AYANT DEUX ENTREES, ET, EN AVAL DE L'AMPLIFICATEUR, UN ETAGE DE SORTIE POURVU D'UNE SORTIE RELIEE A UNE ELECTRODE DE LA CELLULE ELECTROLYTIQUE 10 ET A UNE ENTREE DE L'AMPLIFICATEUR 18, L'AUTRE ENTREE DE CELUI-CI ETANT RELIE, PAR L'INTERMEDIAIRE DE COMMUTATEURS 26 ET 28, A L'UN OU L'AUTRE DE DEUX NIVEAUX DE TENSION FIXES V1 ET V2, ASSERVISSANT AINSI A L'UN DE CES NIVEAUX LA TENSION DE SORTIE APPLIQUEE A LA CELLULE 10. ON S'AFFRANCHIT AINSI DES PROBLEMES DE MODIFICATION DE L'ASPECT DES CELLULES D'AFFICHAGE EN FONCTION DE LA DISPERSION DES RESISTANCES INTERNES DES COMMUTATEURS A TRANSISTORS MOS UTILISES.

SHOW ELECTRONIC COMPRISING a DISPLAY DEVICE ELECTROCHROIQUE

DISPLAY DEVICE ELECTROCHROMIQUE

GLAZING ELECTROCHROME

ELECTROCHROMIC FILM AND ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

The present application relates to an electrochromic film. The electrochromic film of the present application includes a conductive layer, an electrochromic layer having color coordinates different from each other, and a color correction layer. It is possible to implement various colors with excellent durability. COPYRIGHT KIPO 2019 ...

METHOD AND APPARATUS OF CONTROLLING ELECTRO CHROMIC DEVICE FOR REDUCING POWER CONSUMPTION

PURPOSE: A method and an apparatus for controlling an ECD(Electro Chromic Device) are provided to cut a coloring voltage and a decoloring voltage applied to the ECD when coloring and decoloring operations are carried out and a predetermined time flows in order to reduce power consumption in the ECD. CONSTITUTION: An apparatus for controlling an ECD includes a comparator(310) and a timer switch(314). The comparator compares a photo-detection voltage corresponding to the quantity of light inputted to the ECD with a reference voltage for coloring the ECD. The timer switch is operated in synchronization with a logic signal outputted from the comparator and allows a coloring voltage or a decoloring voltage to be applied to the ECD only for a predetermined time after the operation is initiated. © KIPO 2006 ...

CONTROL OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

A method of controlling transmittance of an electrochromic device is presented. The electrochromic device to be controlled has a first and a second electron conducting layer, a first electrochromic layer covering the first electron conducting layer, a counter electrode layer covering the second electron conducting layer and an electrolyte layer laminated between the first electrochromic layer and the counter electrode layer. The method comprises applying (212) of a sequence of voltage pulses between the first and second electron conducting layers and providing of an open circuit between the first and second electron conducting layers between the applied voltage pulses. The method is characterised by measuring (214) a voltage between the first and second electron conducting layers during a period of the open circuit and controlling (220) a pulse parameter of the voltage pulses dependent on the measured voltage, where the pulse parameter is one of pulse duration and pulse voltage. COPYRIGHT ...

틴트가능 창 제어 방법

... 건물의 룸 내 점유자 편안함을 취급하기 위한 틴트가능 창의 틴트를 제어하는 방법이 개시된다. 상기 틴트가능 창는 건물의 내부와 외부 사이에 위치한다. 상기 방법은, 룸 내의 공간 타입과 미래 시간에서 룸 내로 상기 틴트가능 창을 통한 직사 태양광의 투과 깊이에 기초하여 상기 미래 시간에서 상기 틴트가능 창를 위한 틴트 레벨을 예측한다. 상기 방법은 상기 틴트가능 창의 틴트를 상기 틴트 레벨로 변화시키도록 네트워크를 통해 명령어를 또한 제공한다.

Display device and method of manufacturing the same

A method of manufacturing a display device includes disposing a polarizing layer on one surface of a display panel including a thin film transistor and a pixel electrode; cutting the polarizing layer using a cutting laser beam such that a side of the polarizing layer and a side of the display panel correspond to each other; applying a conductive paste on the side of the display panel; and patterning the conductive paste using a patterning laser beam.

IMAGING METHOD, IMAGING MODULE, ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND STORAGE MEDIUM

An imaging method, an imaging module (10), an electronic device (100) and a storage medium. The imaging method is used for the electronic device (100). The electronic device (100) comprises the imaging module (10), and the imaging module (10) comprises an image sensor (11) and an electrochromic element (12) located above the image sensor (11). The image sensor (11) is used to sense light passing through the electrochromic element (12) so as to acquire image information. A voltage may be applied to the electrochromic element (12) so that the color of the electrochromic element (12) changes. The imaging method comprises the steps of: controlling the electrochromic element (12) to present different colors in a plurality of imaging periods respectively, so that the image sensor (11) acquires a plurality of pieces of image information of different colors (S10); and combining the plurality of pieces of image information so as to obtain a target image (S20).

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING A DISPLAY AND CORRESPONDING DISPLAY DEVICE

The invention relates to a method for controlling a display and to a corresponding display device. The invention specifically relates to a method for controlling a display device comprising at least one pixel cell (BPZ) whose color can be modified by reversible oxidation or/and reduction by applying a voltage (U) to the pixel cell (BPZ). The inventive method comprises the following steps: a) measuring an internal voltage of the pixel cell (BPZ); b) determining a voltage (U) to be applied externally depending o the measured internal voltage; c) applying the external voltage (U) to the pixel cell. The invention also relates to a display device.

APPARATUS TO MAINTAIN A CONTINUOUSLY GRADED TRANSMISSION STATE

An apparatus including a substrate with at least three sides and an active stack on the substrate. The active stack can include a first transparent conductive layer, a second transparent conductive layer, an anodic electrochemical layer, and a cathodic electrochemical layer. The apparatus can also include a first bus bar set comprising a plurality of bus bars, wherein each bus bar of the first bus bar set is electrically coupled to the first transparent conductive layer, a second bus bar set comprising a plurality of bus bars, wherein each bus bar of the second bus bar set is electrically coupled to the second transparent conductive layer, and a bus bar arrangement wherein the bus bar arrangement comprises a bus bar from the first bus bar set and a bus bar from the second bus bar set on at least three sides of the substrate.

CONTROLLING OPTICALLY-SWITCHABLE DEVICES

This disclosure relates generally to optically switchable devices, and more particularly, to methods for controlling optically switchable devices. In various embodiments, one or more optically switchable devices may be controlled via voice control and/or gesture control. The method may be implemented on a network of optically switchable devices, and may be implemented to control the optical state of a plurality of optically switchable devices on the network.

ELECTROCHROME GLAZING

Vitrage électrochrome doté d'une unité vitre électrochrome et d'au moins une autre vitre qui sont reliées l'une à l'autre au niveau de leur bord à l'aide d'un cadre d'écartement et forment entre elles un espace intermédiaire, ainsi que d'un capteur de température destiné à détecter la température de l'unité vitre électrochrome, caractérisé en ce que le capteur de température est placé dans la zone du cadre d'écartement entre l'unité vitre électrochrome et l'autre vitre.

Display panel and display apparatus

In one embodiment, a display panel includes: a first polarization sheet, a second polarization sheet and a liquid crystal box between the first polarization sheet and the second polarization sheet. The display panel further includes: a control electrode layer and a control module; wherein the control electrode layer is provided to the liquid crystal box, the control electrode layer comprises a plurality of separated strip electrodes, a preset pitch that satisfies a requirement of grating formation is formed between adjacent strip electrodes, and transmittances of the strip electrodes are changeable under voltage. The control module is coupled to the strip electrodes and is configured to output a voltage to the strip electrodes to change the transmittances of the strip electrodes such that the control electrode layer becomes a grating or is totally transparent.

Manufacturing methods for a transparent conductive oxide on a flexible substrate

An electrochromic device is provided. The device includes a substrate and an electrochromic stack on the substrate. The stack includes a first set of bus bars, a first transparent conductive layer, at least one electrochromic layer, a second transparent conductive layer, and a second set of bus bars, wherein at least one of the first transparent conductive layer or the second transparent conductive layer includes resistivity that varies by horizontal location according to a resistivity profile. In some embodiments the resistivity profile has a vertical component that may or may not be in addition to the horizontal component. Various embodiments of these materials can be tuned as to profiles of vertical resistance and horizontal sheet resistance.

Electrochromic multi-layer devices with charge sequestration and related methods

An electrochromic multi-layer stack is provided. The multi-layer stack includes an electrochromic multi-layer stack having a first substrate, a first electrically conductive layer, a first electrode layer, an ion conductor layer, a second substrate, a second electrically conductive layer, and a second electrode layer. The multi-layer stack includes a redox element, wherein the redox element is electrically isolated from the first and second electrically conductive layers and the first and second electrode layer and is laterally adjacent to either the first electrically conductive layer and the first electrode, or the second electrically conductive layer and the second electrode layer. A method for controlling an electrochromic device is also provided.

PROLONGED COLORATION ELECTROCHROMIC ASSEMBLY

Electrochromic unit and display device using the same

In an electrochromic unit and a display device using the electrochromic unit, the electrochromic unit includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, and a transparent conductive element and an electrochromic layer formed between the substrates, and electrons are used for changing the valence of ions of an electrochromic material, such that a reduction is resulted by supplying electrons and an oxidation is resulted by removing electrons to change colors, and the electrochromic coloration rate is quicker and more uniform and the driving voltage is smaller than those of the present existing electrochromic materials. A coloration/decoloration electrochromism can be achieved in a different way than the method of applying the dual addition and dual removal of ions and electrons in organic/inorganic electrochromic material.

Window Having A Selective Light Modulation System

An electrochromic vehicular window system having a multiplicity of individually electrically switchable electrochromic elements, a vehicle operator face (eye) sensor to determine the position of the face of the operator in the vehicle, a sensor of the source external light entering the vehicle and impinging on the operators eyes and a system processor utilizing data from the sensors to determine and control which portions of the electrochromergic window to activate (or deactivate) so as to automatically reduce or eliminate glare on the eyes of the operator while still allowing essentially normal light transmission through other sections of the window. The system can also include a control switch for manual operation and or limiting the degree of light attenuation.

Shade Structure

A shade structure includes a plurality of blades and a plurality of pairing units arranged in pairs such that paired ones of said pairing units are disposed at two ends of a corresponding one of the blades, respectively. The pairing units enable the shade structure to be put together or taken apart as needed, so as to enhance variability and practicability of the shade structure.

Electrochromic display device

An electrochromic display device includes a display substrate, a counter substrate facing the display substrate, counter electrodes arranged on the counter substrate, an electrolyte layer arranged between the display substrate and the counter electrodes, display electrodes separately arranged from one another between the display substrate and the counter electrodes, electrochromic layers to develop or reduce a color by redox reactions, the electrochromic layers being formed on the respective display electrodes arranged such that the electrochromic layers face the set of the counter electrodes, a voltage applying unit to select one of the display electrodes to connect the selected display electrode and the counter electrodes to apply a voltage between the connected display electrode and counter electrodes, a disconnecting unit to disconnect the unselected display electrodes from the counter electrodes, and an interelectrode connecting unit to connect the display electrodes.

Apparatus, system, and method for covering a window

The apparatus for covering a window includes a first support member and a second support member spaced apart from the first support member and substantially parallel to the first support member. The apparatus also includes a fabric extending between the first support member and the second support member. The fabric is movably coupled to the first support member and the second support member. The fabric forms a continuous loop through which the first support member and the second support member extend.

Transparent electrochromic systems with a plurality of polarisation electrodes

The invention relates to transparent electrochromic systems which each include one pair of supply electrodes and at least one pair of polarisation electrodes. The polarisation electrodes prevent a reaction of mutual neutralisation of the electroactive substances of the systems from causing unnecessary consumption of electric current. Said electrodes also prevent a neutralisation reaction from limiting a lower value of light transmission of the systems. For this purpose, the polarisation electrodes produce an electric field inside the systems, which attracts the electroactive substances that have already reacted with the supply electrodes to different areas.

Control System for Dimmable Windows

Electrically dimmable windows for aircraft are powered by energy harvesting devices on-board the aircraft. The harvested energy is stored and used to control the opacity of the windows based on individual window opacity settings selected either by passengers or a cabin attendant. Each window has an associated control circuit that controls the electrical power applied to the window based on the selected opacity setting. The control circuit includes a low energy usage processor that remains in a sleep mode until a change in the opacity setting is detected. Each control circuit may include a radio transceiver that receives control signals from a transmitter operated by the cabin attendant in order to simultaneously remotely control the opacity settings of multiple windows.

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SHADE SELECTION USING A FABRIC BRIGHTNESS FACTOR

Brightness factors associated with shade fabric may be utilized when shading a building. A brightness factor may incorporate an openness factor, a visible light reflectance, a diffusion factor, a color, or other characteristics of the shade fabric. The brightness factor may be utilized when selecting a particular shade fabric for a room, building or other location. Additionally, the brightness factor may be utilized by an automated shade control system. The shade fabric selection may affect the building envelope by facilitating the optimization of daylighting, reduction of artificial electric lighting needs, minimization of glare conditions, and reduction of thermal load. 1. A method , comprising:determining a shade fabric for use in constructing a window covering, wherein the shade fabric is determined based on a brightness factor of the shade fabric, and wherein the brightness factor is based upon an openness factor, a visible light reflectance, and a diffusion factor of the shade fabric; andplacing the window covering between a window and a light source, wherein the window covering is moveable to modify the brightness in a room associated with the window.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the shade fabric based on a brightness factor of the shade fabric comprises:determining an upper bound for the brightness factor of the shade fabric;determining a lower bound for the brightness factor of a shade fabric; andselecting, from a fabric selection guide which provides a listing of brightness factor information for various fabrics, the shade fabric having a brightness factor between the upper bound and the lower bound.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising integrating information about the brightness factor of the shade fabric with an automated shade control system such that the automated shade control system moves the window covering based at least in part on the brightness factor of the shade fabric.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising ...

A SHELTERING DEVICE

A sheltering device configured for being installed over a designated object such a a vehicle's roof. The sheltering device includes: a single flexible cover having a shape of varying width; foldable supporting arms, attachable to the cover; and a retractable mechanism configured for folding and unfolding the foldable supporting arms for folding and unfolding the cover. The foldable supporting arms are configured to simultaneously move along predefined non-parallel trajectories when unfolding, to allow the flexible cover, attached thereto, to unfold in a forward and sideways movement throughout the unfolding movement, while creating two (or more) stable supporting points suspended in air at its distal edges and/or along the bars, which provide tension to the cover attached in all required direction, thus eliminating the necessity of using a ridged connection between these distal edges. 1. A sheltering device configured for being installed over a designated object for providing shelter in the vicinity of said object , a single flexible cover having a shape of varying width;', 'at least two foldable supporting arms, wherein said cover is attachable to said foldable supporting arms; and', 'a retractable mechanism configured for folding and unfolding said foldable supporting arms for folding and unfolding said cover;, 'said sheltering device comprisingwherein said foldable supporting arms are configured to simultaneously move along predefined non-parallel trajectories when unfolding, to allow said flexible cover, attached thereto, to unfold in a forward and sideways movement throughout the unfolding movement, thereof for holding said flexible cover stretched throughout the unfolding thereof.2. The sheltering device of claim 1 , wherein the foldable supporting arms are constructed of at least two sets of interconnected bars.3. The sheltering device of claim 2 , wherein the bars' sets at the open position construct a zigzag shape intersecting each other claim 2 , wherein ...

Lens module with infrared absorbing filter

A lens module includes an infrared absorbing filter. The infrared absorbing filter includes an electrochromic substrate. The electrochromic substrate changes from colorlessness to blue when a preset voltage is applied on the electrochromic substrate. The electrochromic substrate is configured for absorbing the infrared constituent of incoming light rays when the color is changed to blue.

AUTOMATIC DARKENING FILTER APPARATUS AND METHOD

Herein is disclosed an automatic darkening filter apparatus comprising a shutter control system configured to cause a shutter to switch from a dark state to an intermediate state in response to a change from high intensity incident light to low intensity incident light being detected. The control system is further configured to maintain the shutter in the intermediate state for a period of time, unless during this period of time high intensity light is detected, in which case the control system causes the shutter to switch to the dark state. If, at the end of the period of time, high intensity light is not detected, the shutter is caused to switch from the intermediate state to a light state. 1. An automatic darkening filter apparatus comprising:a switchable shutter capable of assuming a dark state, a light state, and at least one intermediate state; and, switch the shutter from a dark state to an intermediate state if a change from high input to low input is detected;', {'sub': 1', '1, 'maintain the shutter in the intermediate state for a predetermined period of time Tof at least about 100 milliseconds if low input continues to be detected during period of time T;'}, {'sub': 1', '1, 'switch the shutter from the intermediate state to a light state at the end of period of time Tif low input is detected at the end of period of time T;'}, 'switch the shutter to a dark state if a change from low input to high input is detected;', 'maintain the shutter in the dark state if high input continues to be detected., 'a shutter control system operatively connected to the shutter and capable of detecting at least high input and low input and changes therebetween, wherein the shutter control system is configured to2. The apparatus of wherein the shutter control system is further configured to maintain the shutter in a dark state for a predetermined period of time Tof greater than about 20 milliseconds if a change from high input to low input is detected claim 1 , before switching ...

Electrochemical device

An embodiment of the present invention relates to electrochemical devices including an electrochemically active layer having the ability of electrochemically altering its redox state. By providing a portion of an electrode of corrosion resistant material between an electrolyte and an electrochemically active layer, undesired discoloration due to the electrochemical reaction of an electrochemical device is reduced.

CURTAIN SYSTEM

A curtain assembly includes a curtain, or panel of flexible material, such as fabric, forming a generally smooth surface extending between a first anchor assembly and a second anchor assembly. Slits through the fabric are sized and arranged to be stretched opened to form respective openings in response to relatively small amounts of stretching of the panel between the two anchor assemblies with a tension force. The openings may be re-closed by allowing the panel to return to a relaxed state. The opening and closing action can be repeated according to new methods to controllably vary the amount of light that the curtain assembly allows through the panel. The curtain assembly may be used as part of various larger assemblies and in various environments. 1. A curtain assembly comprising:a panel of flexible fabric;a first anchor assembly supporting a first end of the panel;a second anchor assembly supporting a second end of the panel, the first and second ends being opposite each other along a first axis;the panel comprising a plurality of spaced apart slits through the panel, each slit having a component transverse to the first axis, the slits arranged in an array, the array comprising a first plurality of the slits forming a first row, a second plurality of the slits forming a second row, each of the first and second rows extending a transverse direction to the first axis, and each of the first slits of the first row being laterally offset from and overlapping with the corresponding ones of the second slits of the second row in the transverse direction; andan actuator associated with the first anchor assembly, the actuator arranged to move the first anchor relative to the second anchor in a manner sufficient to stretch and relax the panel along the first axis.2. The curtain assembly of claim 1 , wherein each slit has a width along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis claim 1 , wherein the overlap is equal to approximately one quarter the width.3. The curtain ...

Collapsible Sunshade

A collapsible sunshade according to the present invention has a panel comprising a foldable frame member having a folded and an unfolded orientation, the frame member defining a periphery for the panel with an interior space inside of the peiphery, a meshed material covering the interior space defined by the frame member to form the panel when the frame member is in the unfolded orientation, and a shade fabric having at least a portion thereof removably attached to the panel so that the shade fabric can assume a first position in which the shade fabric completely overlies, in a planar manner, the meshed material, and a second position where the portion of the shade fabric that is removably attached to the panel is disengaged from the panel to expose a portion of the meshed material. 1. A collapsible sunshade , comprising:a panel comprising a foldable frame member having a folded and an unfolded orientation, the frame member defining a periphery for the panel with an interior space inside of the peiphery, a meshed material covering the interior space defined by the frame member to form the panel when the frame member is in the unfolded orientation; anda shade fabric having at least a portion thereof removably attached to the panel so that the shade fabric can assume a first position in which the shade fabric completely overlies, in a planar manner, the meshed material, and a second position where the portion of the shade fabric that is removably attached to the panel is disengaged from the panel to expose a portion of the meshed material.2. The sunshade of claim 1 , further including a frame retaining sleeve for retaining the frame member.3. The sunshade of claim 1 , wherein the frame member is twisted and folded to its folded orientation to reduce the overall size of the frame member.4. The sunshade of claim 1 , wherein the frame member is continuous and enclosed.5. The sunshade of claim 1 , wherein the shade fabric has one edge that is permanently attached to the ...

WINDOW SHADE

The window shade includes a header defined by a substantially elongated U-shaped channel. The top of the header includes attachment areas for attaching the header to a window frame. A folded blind has one end attached to the web of the header channel, and when folded, the blind is housed inside the channel. The other end of the pleated blind is attached to a footer. A magnetic latching assembly is disposed between the header and the footer to keep the blind in a folded condition. Alternatively, a retaining mechanism holds the footer when the blind is folded. Pulling a pull cord or handle disposed on the footer releases the magnetic latching mechanism or the retaining mechanism to thereby rapidly unfold the blind. 1. A window shade , consisting of:a header adapted to be mounted to a window frame or niche, the header including an elongated U-shaped channel formed by a web and two substantially parallel opposing flanges extending from opposite sides of the web, the channel defining a housing area for stowing the shade when retracted;a footer disposed below the header, the footer having a handling means for pulling the footer;a window shade, the shade defining a foldable blind attached at its upper end to the header and at its lower end to the footer, thereby extending between the header and the footer, the blind having a retracted position when the blind is folded within the channel and an extended position substantially covering the widow frame; anda retaining means for selectively holding the blind folded in the channel defined by the header and selectively holding the footer attached to the header when the blind is in the retracted position;wherein pulling the handling means releases the retaining mechanism to rapidly extend the blind.2. The window shade according to claim 1 , wherein said retaining means comprises at least one retaining clip disposed at select locations along said header claim 1 , the retaining clip being an elongate strip having a resiliently ...

WINDOW BLIND ASSEMBLIES

Disclosed herein are cellular blind constructions including a plurality of tubular cellular elements and a thermoplastic hot melt adhesive composition disposed between tubular cellular elements. The thermoplastic hot melt adhesive composition includes a metallocene-polymerized propylene copolymer and a functionalized polyolefin including groups derived from maleic anhydride or acrylic acid and is characterized by the absence of tackifiers, plasticizers, and waxes. The thermoplastic hot melt adhesive composition is thermally stable and UV resistant under the environmental conditions encountered by the cellular blind constructions. 1. A cellular blind construction comprisinga. a plurality of cellular elements, each element having an outer surface and a length, the outer surface including a first element contact area and a second element contact area, the element contact areas spanning length of the cellular elements; and [{'sub': 4', '20, 'sup': 3', '3, 'i. a copolymer of propylene and at least one comonomer selected from the group consisting of ethylene and Cto Cα-olefins, wherein the copolymer has a propylene content of greater than 65 mole %, a Brookfield viscosity at 190° C. of about 200 cP to 25,000 cP, and a density of about 0.860 g/cmto 0.868 g/cm; and'}, 'ii. about 0.1 wt % to 10 wt % of a functionalized polyolefin comprising groups derived from maleic anhydride or acrylic acid., 'b. an effective amount of a hot melt adhesive composition disposed between the cellular elements to adhere the elements to each other at their respective first and second element contact areas, the hot melt adhesive composition comprising3. The cellular blind construction of wherein the cellular elements comprise a knit fabric claim 1 , a woven fabric claim 1 , a nonwoven fabric claim 1 , a foam claim 1 , a foil claim 1 , a sheet claim 1 , or a combination of one or more thereof.4. The cellular blind construction of wherein the substrate comprises a knit fabric claim 2 , a woven ...

AUTOMATED SHADE CONTROL SYSTEM

Automated shade systems comprise motorized window coverings, sensors, and controllers that use algorithms to control operation of the automated shade control system. These algorithms may include information such as: 3-D models of a building and surrounding structures, shadow information, reflectance information, lighting and radiation information, ASHRAE clear sky algorithms, log information related to manual overrides, occupant preference information, motion information, real-time sky conditions, solar radiation on a building, a total foot-candle load on a structure, brightness overrides, actual and/or calculated BTU load, time-of-year information, and microclimate analysis. 1. A method , comprising:accessing, by an automated shade control system, shadow information indicating the presence of calculated shadow on a window, wherein a window covering is associated with the window;comparing, by the automated shade control system, a radiometer value to a clear sky model value to obtain a comparison value; andactivating, by the automated shade control system and responsive to the comparison value and the presence of the calculated shadow on the window, a motor associated with the window covering to move the window covering to a shadow position.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining the duration of the calculated shadow on the window claim 1 , wherein the activating the motor is responsive to the duration exceeding a default shadow duration.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the clear sky model value is an ASH AE clear sky model value.4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activating the motor is performed responsive to the radiometer value exceeding 60% of the clear sky model value.5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising accessing claim 1 , at the automated shade control system claim 1 , reflectance information indicating a presence of calculated reflected light on the window; andactivating, by the automated shade control system and responsive ...

AUTONOMOUS ELECTROCHROMIC ASSEMBLY

This disclosure describes system and methods for creating an autonomous electrochromic assembly, and systems and methods for use of the autonomous electrochromic assembly in combination with a window. Embodiments described herein include an electrochromic assembly that has an electrochromic device, an energy storage device, an energy collection device, and an electrochromic controller device. These devices may be combined into a unitary electrochromic insert assembly. The electrochromic assembly may have the capability of generating power sufficient to operate and control an electrochromic device. This control may occur through the application of a voltage to an electrochromic device to change its opacity state. The electrochromic assembly may be used in combination with a window. 1. An autonomous electrochromic window comprising:a first window pane;a second window pane spaced apart from the first window pane;a frame holding the first and second window panes; an electrochromic device;', 'an energy collection device;', 'an energy storage device; and', 'a controller controlling operation of the electrochromic device., 'a unitary electrochromic insert assembly, wherein the unitary electrochromic insert assembly includes2. The autonomous electrochromic window of wherein at least one of the electrochromic device claim 1 , the energy collection device claim 1 , and the energy storage device is transparent.3. The autonomous electrochromic window of wherein the energy collection device is selected from one or more of a photovoltaic device claim 1 , a wireless energy receiving device claim 1 , a magnetic induction device claim 1 , or a thermoelectric device.4. The autonomous electrochromic window of wherein the unitary electrochromic insert assembly is attached to a surface of at least one of the first and second window panes.5. The autonomous electrochromic window of wherein the unitary electrochromic insert assembly further comprises a transparent rigid substrate claim 1 , ...

PARTITIONING DEVICE

A partitioning device includes at least two mounting units, a transparent and air impermeable main curtain, and a positioning unit. Each mounting unit includes a hanger and a connection member connected to the hanger. The connection member includes a connection body and at least one magnet mounted on one end of the connection body. The main curtain has a first face facing the mounting units and a second face opposite to the first face. The positioning unit is detachably disposed on the second face of the main curtain and includes at least one positioning member that contains metal attractable by the magnet and that cooperates with the magnet to clamp the main curtain. 1. A partitioning device , comprising:at least two mounting units, each of said mounting units including a hanger and a connection member connected to said hanger, said connection member including a connection body and at least one magnet mounted on one end of said connection body;a transparent and air impermeable main curtain detachably disposed behind said mounting units, said main curtain having a first face facing said mounting units and a second face opposite to said first face; anda positioning unit detachably disposed on said second face, said positioning unit including at least one positioning member that contains metal attractable by said magnet and that cooperates with said magnet to clamp therebetween said main curtain.2. The partitioning device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising two spaced-apart elastic strings connected to a bottom of said main curtain at one end claim 1 , and two hooks respectively connected to another ends of said strings.3. The partitioning device as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising at least one hook-and-loop fastener disposed on top of said main curtain.4. The partitioning device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said main curtain includes a curtain sheet that has said first and second faces and an outer flexible frame that surrounds and is connected to ...

DATAMATRIX CODE ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

A data matrix code arrangement, and a method for making the same are disclosed. The data matrix code arrangement includes a fix data matrix code including a static pattern forming a first readable Data Matrix code, and an electrochemically switchable organic electrochromic display comprising pixel element including a controller arranged for enabling an application of a predetermined potential difference between an electrochromic layer and a counter electrode layer of the pixel element. The application of a potential difference initiates and maintains a colour switch of the predetermined ones of the pixel elements. The fix Data Matrix code and the display are aligned such that the static pattern of the first Data Matrix code and the predetermined ones of the pixel elements, when switched, forms a second readable Data Matrix code, which is different from the first readable Data Matrix code.

NANO SMART GLASS SYSTEM

The present invention provides a nano smart glass system, including nano smart glass, DC power supply, sensor, and control unit. Wherein, the nano smart glass includes glass and the electrochromic thin-film device; The anode of the DC power supply connects to the at least one conductive anode layer of the electrochromic thin-film device; the cathode of the DC power supply connects to the at least one conductive cathode layer of the electrochromic thin-film device; the DC power supply is used to provide 1V-50V DC voltage to the electrochromic thin-film device; the electrochromic thin-film device adheres to the inside surface of the glass through the at least one conductive cathode layer or the at least one conductive anode layer; The sensor measures outdoor or indoor conditions and send the real-time measurement data to the control unit. The control unit connects to the DC power supply, and it can control the output voltage of the DC power supply to the electrochromic thin-film device. The present invention can real-time and intelligently adjust the color of the glass, which can help saving energy and reducing green house gas emission. 1. A nano smart glass system comprising:a nano smart glass, a DC power supply, a sensor, and a control unit, wherein, the nano smart glass, includes glass and the electrochromic thin-film device.2. The nano smart glass system of wherein:the electrochromic thin-film device is a multi-layers thin-film device, consisting of the order of at least one conductive cathode layer, at least one electrochromic layer, at least one ion conductive layer, at least one ion storage layer and at least one conductive anode layer.3. The nano smart glass system of wherein:the total thickness of the electrochromic thin-film device is between 100-5000 nm.4. The nano smart glass system of wherein:the conductive anode layer, the ion storage layer, the ion conductive layer, the electrochromic layer and the conductive cathode layer are all thin films in ...

APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING LIGHT OF DIGITAL DEVICE BASED ON IMAGE AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF

The present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling light of a digital device based on an image and a control method thereof and can improve sensory effects by collecting light characteristic information of digital devices built in the playing environment based on an image played by an image player to extract an optimal light effect, improve the use efficiency of the digital devices by using the home network and the light of the two-way communicable digital devices to improve the sensory effects, and prevent personal information from being leaked in public and commercial facilities by allowing users to select the application of the received light control signal without collecting the light characteristic information of the mobile communication terminals when applying the sensory effects by controlling the light of the mobile communication terminals. 1. An apparatus for controlling light of a digital device based on an image , comprising:a light control unit configured to output a light control signal for controlling light of a digital device according to sensory effect algorithms by collecting light characteristic information from the digital device including lights located therearound and analyzing an image received from an image player;a storage unit configured to store the light characteristic information and the sensory effect algorithms of the digital device collected from the light control unit; anda communication unit configured to receive the light characteristic information through near field communication with the digital device, transmit the received light characteristic information to the light control unit, and transmit the light control signal output from the light control unit to the digital device.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising: an input unit configured to instruct a collection of the light characteristic information on the digital device to the light control unit and stop the light control.3. A method for controlling ...

CONTROLLER CONFIGURED FOR AN ELECTRO-OPTIC DEVICE AND METHOD THEREOF

A controller system configured to control an electrochromic device and method thereof are provided, wherein the controller system includes an electrochromic device having a first substantially transparent substrate, a second substantially transparent substrate approximately parallel to the first substantially transparent substrate such that a chamber is defined by the first and second substantially transparent substrates, and an electrochromic medium between the first and second substantially transparent substrates, and a controller in communication with the electrochromic device, wherein the controller is configured to monitor electrical power supplied to the electrochromic device and adjust the electrical power supplied to the electrochromic device to maintain the electrochromic device in an approximately minimum transmission state. 1. A controller system configured to control an electro-optic device , said controller system comprising: a first substantially transparent substrate;', 'a second substantially transparent substrate approximately parallel to said first substantially transparent substrate such that a chamber is defined by said first and second substantially transparent substrates; and', 'an electro-optic medium between said first and second substantially transparent substrates; and, 'an electro-optic device comprisinga controller in communication with said electro-optic device, wherein said controller is configured to monitor electrical power supplied to said electro-optic device and adjust said electrical power supplied, such that approximately a minimum potential is applied to said electro-optic device to maintain said electro-optic device in an approximately minimum transmission state.2. The controller system of claim 1 , wherein said controller is further configured to maintain said electro-optic device in said approximately minimum transmission state independent of a measurement of temperature of said electro-optic device.3. The controller system ...

SPINDLE COVER

A cord winder spindle cover housing, wherein the housing is mountable onto a spindle, and said housing has (i) a drive portion for receiving a cord that controls the extension and retraction of a blind and (ii) at least one opening through which the cord passes, the opening defined by at least one converging surface in the direction of the cord entering the housing towards the drive portion. 1. A cord winder spindle cover housing , wherein the housing is mountable onto a spindle , and said housing comprising:(i) a drive portion for receiving a cord that controls the extension and retraction of a blind and (ii) at least one opening through which the cord passes, the opening defined by at least one converging surface in the direction of the cord entering the housing towards the drive portion.2. A cord winder spindle cover according to wherein the opening is further defined by a converging surface in the direction of the cord exiting the housing from the drive portion.3. A winder comprising:(i) a support member having a spindle; and(ii) a housing mounted onto said spindle, said housing having (i) a drive portion for receiving a cord that controls the extension and retraction of a blind and (ii) at least one opening through which the cord passes, the opening defined by at least one converging surface in the direction of the cord entering the housing towards the drive portion.4. A winder according to wherein the opening is further defined by a converging surface in the direction of the cord exiting the housing from the drive portion.5. A winder according to wherein the cord includes at least one stop having an impacting dimension less than the opening but more than the dimension defined by the converging surface downstream of the opening to stop the retraction of extension of the blind.6. A winder according to either wherein the cord includes at least one stop having an impacting dimension less than the opening but more than the dimension defined by the converging ...

AMBIENT LIGHT CONTROL

The invention relates to a control device () for use in an ambient light control system () for controlling ambient light entering a space () through an opening (). An ambient light prediction unit () provides ambient light prediction values, which are predictions of an ambient light property at the opening (). An ambient light adjusting unit () provides, at different ambient light adjusting time points, an ambient light adjusting signal depending on the ambient light prediction values for an upcoming ambient light prediction time period. The ambient light adjusting signal is adapted for use by an ambient light modifying element () for modifying the entering of ambient light into the space () through the opening (). By taking the predicted ambient light conditions at the opening () into account, necessary adjustments can be made at temporally spaced ambient light adjusting time points, resulting in fewer disturbances of the users. 1. A control device for use in an ambient light control system for controlling ambient light entering a space through an opening , the control device comprising:an ambient light prediction unit for providing ambient light prediction values, wherein an ambient light prediction value is a prediction of an ambient light property at the opening,an ambient light adjusting unit for providing, at different ambient light adjusting time points, an ambient light adjusting signal depending on the ambient light prediction values for an upcoming ambient light prediction time period, wherein the ambient light adjusting unit is adapted to provide the ambient light adjusting signal at several ambient light adjusting time points, wherein the ambient light adjusting signal is adapted for use by an ambient light modifying element for modifying the entering of ambient light into the space through the opening wherein the ambient light adjusting signal at a current ambient light adjusting tine point is provided depending on the ambient light prediction values ...

VARIABLE TRANSMITTANCE OPTICAL DEVICES

A self-powered variable transmittance optical device, such as a smart window or other device, and associated method are provided. The device comprises one or more transparent substrates, with a switching material disposed thereon or therebetween. The switching material may be a hybrid photochromic/electrochromic material capable of transitioning from a first transmittance state to a second transmittance state with application of electricity, and from second state to first state due to another stimulus, such as UV radiation. Electrodes are coupled to the switching material for applying electricity. An electrical system provides for controllable application of the electricity, and may store energy. Energy is provided by an energy-harvesting power source such as a solar cell or other photovoltaic source, or array thereof, or another device for harvesting vibrational or thermal energy. Energy harvesting, energy storage capacity and/or switching material may be configured to provide at least a predetermined level of device operability. 1103-. (canceled)104. A variable transmittance optical filter comprising:a. a first layer comprising a first substantially transparent substrate with a substantially co-planar (SC) electrode system disposed thereon, the SC electrode system made of transparent electrically conductive material and comprising at least one pair of electrically separate electrodes arranged in a substantially co-planar manner on the first substantially transparent substrate, each pair of electrically separate electrodes comprising a first electrode and a second electrode,b. a second layer proximate to the first layer and comprising a transition material comprising a compound that is both photochromic and electrochromic, and that darkens in response to a non-electrical stimulus and lightens in response to application of an electric voltage; andc. an electrical connection system for electrically connecting the SC electrode system to a source of electric voltage. ...

Parallel Bar Cording for Movable Rails

A covering for an architectural opening has a horizontal movable rail supported by cords, with a variety of configurations, some of which prevent the horizontal movable rail from skewing, most of which conceal the cords. 1. A covering for an architectural opening , comprising:a first horizontal movable rail defining left and right ends and a midpoint midway between the left and right ends;an extendable covering material connected to said first horizontal movable rail, wherein movement of said first horizontal movable rail upwardly and downwardly extends and retracts the extendable covering material;a first taut cable having an upper first cable end fixed at a first fixed point located above said first horizontal movable rail and offset to the left of an imaginary vertical line extending through the midpoint of said first horizontal movable rail and having a lower first cable end fixed at a second fixed point located below said first horizontal movable rail, said first cable extending from said first fixed point, beneath a first guide bearing on the left of said first horizontal movable rail, over a second guide bearing on the right of said first horizontal movable rail, and downwardly to said second fixed point;a second taut cable having an upper second cable end fixed at a third fixed point located above said first horizontal movable rail and offset to the right of the imaginary vertical line and having a lower second cable end fixed at a fourth fixed point located below said first horizontal movable rail, said second taut cable extending from the third fixed point, beneath a third guide bearing on the right of said first horizontal movable rail, over a fourth guide bearing on the left of said first horizontal movable rail, and downwardly to said fourth fixed point; anda first brake mounted on said first horizontal movable rail, wherein said first brake acts to stop one of said first and second taut cables from moving along the respective guide bearings on said ...

One-Way Perforated vinyl (polyvinyl chloride) completed window screen with limited daylight privacy and with or without designed images (within and wrapped around the window screen frame)

Improvements in a complete window screen with frame disclosed. The improvements disclosed are the use of One-Way Perforated Vinyl (polyvinyl chloride) window privacy film material as the inner perforated function within a window screen frame that is then attached to the window screen by inserting the material into an recessed groove indented in the window screen frame and is held to the window screen frame by the use of window screen spline. This window screen material is then wrapped around the window screen frame attached by adhesives to apply the functional capabilities and ornamental design throughout the completed product. This product can have a chosen designed image printed with the use of a wide format printer.

DOOR WITH RETRACTABLE SCREEN

A door system including a door frame with first and second sides spaced from each other across a width of the frame, top and bottom edges spaced from each other across a height of the frame, and a central opening, and a retractable screen member movable from the first toward the second side of the frame or from the top to the bottom edges of the frame, wherein the screen member includes a cassette and a flexible screen member that is retractable and extendable relative to the cassette. 1. A door system comprising:a door frame comprising first and second sides spaced from each other, top and bottom edges spaced from each other and generally perpendicular to the first and second sides, a central opening defined by the first and second sides and the top and bottom edges, and a track system comprising a track positioned adjacent to at least one of the top and bottom edges of the frame;a first panel comprising a first edge, the first panel moveably mounted to the track system of the door frame;a second panel extending from the first edge of the first panel;a first pocket at the first side of the door frame for containing a portion of the first panel; anda second pocket at the second side of the door frame for containing the second panel;wherein first panel is movable from the second side of the door frame toward the first side of the door frame to move a portion of the second panel from the second pocket.2. The door system of claim 1 , wherein the first panel comprises one of a transparent or a semi-transparent material.3. The door system of claim 2 , wherein the first panel comprises glass.4. The door system of claim 1 , wherein the second panel comprises a screen material.5. The door system of claim 1 , wherein the first panel is horizontally movable from the first side of the door frame toward the second side of the door frame to move the second panel toward the second pocket.6. The door system of claim 1 , further including a latch for locking the first panel ...

WINDOW COVERING

A window covering comprises an upper rail, a window shade, a lower rail, a press member located in the lower rail and extended therefrom, a first press assembly and a second press assembly located in the lower rail and spaced from each other to contact the press member, and a cord winding assembly located in the lower rail to connect to the first and second press assemblies. A first cord and a second cord run through the window shade to fasten to the cord winding assembly. A user can depress the press member and push or pull the lower rail upwards or downwards, so that the window shade can be retracted upwards or extended downwards through the first and second cords. Moreover, the first and second cords are held inside the lower rail, hence accident caused by the exposed cords can be prevented. 1. A window covering , comprising:an upper rail;a window shade which is located below the upper rail and includes a first cord and a second cord;a lower rail which is located below the window shade and includes a slot at one side in the middle thereof;a press member located in the lower rail and extended outwards through the slot;a first press assembly and a second press assembly located in the lower rail and spaced from each other in contact with the press member; anda cord winding assembly which is located in the lower rail corresponding to the slot and connected to the first press assembly and the second press assembly;wherein the first cord and the second cord include respectively one end threading through a lower end of the upper rail and fastened thereon, and the other end threading through the window shade, the interior of the lower rail, and the first press assembly and the second press assembly in this order to connect to the cord winding assembly for fastening therein.2. The window covering of claim 1 , wherein the press member includes a press end extended outwards through the slot claim 1 , the press end including a first contact end and a second contact end at ...

Front Windshield Glass of Automobile with Sunshine-Shielding Plate Function

A front windshield glass of an automobile with sunshine-shielding plate function comprises a lower glass layer, a lower polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layer, a flexible allochroic layer, an upper polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layer, and an upper glass layer consecutively laminated and connected with one another from bottom to top. The flexible allochroic layers are positioned at the upper portion of the front windshield glass of an automobile, the light transmittance of which reduces as the intensification of the light increases, thus functioning as sunshine-shielding plates. Due to the flexible allochroic layers being positioned at the upper portion of the front windshield glass of an automobile, such that the remaining portions of the front windshield glass of the automobile are still transparent glass, the view of the driver would be unaffected. The flexible allochroic layer is applicable to the production of curved front windshield glass having a certain radian. 1. A glass with sunshine-shielding plate function , comprising: a lower glass layer;', 'a lower polyvinyl butyral layer;', 'a flexible photochromic layer;', 'an upper polyvinyl butyral layer; and', 'an upper glass layer; and', 'wherein the periphery of the glass is sealed with a sealant., 'a consecutive plurality of layers that are consecutively laminated and connected from a bottom of the plurality of layers to a top of the plurality of layers, the consecutive plurality of layers comprising2. The glass of claim 1 , wherein the flexible photochromic layer is produced by:mixing a photochromic material with a flexible glass raw material or flexible transparent plastic and then forming a resulting mixture into the flexible photochromic layer; orcoating the photochromic material on one or both sides of a flexible transparent glass or plastics to form the flexible photochromic layer.3. The glass of claim 1 , wherein the flexible photochromic layer has an arc-shape surface.4. The glass of claim 1 , wherein the flexible ...

ELECTRO-CHROMIC DISPLAY ELEMENT, DISPLAY APPARATUS, AND DRIVING METHOD

An electro-chromic display element, and a display apparatus and a driving method using the same are provided. 1. An electro-chromic display element , comprising:at least a display substrate;one or more display electrodes provided on the display substrate;an electro-chromic layer provided on the display electrode;an opposing substrate;multiple opposing electrodes which are provided on the opposing substrate and which are arranged to oppose the display electrode; andan electrolytic layer provided such that it is placed between the display electrode and the multiple opposing electrodes, the electro-chromic display element further including a third electrode which is placed between the display electrode and the multiple opposing electrodes and which is arranged such that the electro-chromic layer is placed between the third electrode and the display electrode.2. The electro-chromic display element as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the third electrode is arranged across the multiple opposing electrodes.3. The electro-chromic display element as claimed in claim 1 , wherein an erasing operation is performed which applies a voltage between the display electrode and the third electrode claim 1 , the voltage causing color reducing of the electro-chromic layer.4. The electro-chromic display element as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising multiple driving elements provided on the opposing substrate in correspondence with the respective multiple opposing electrodes.5. The electro-chromic display element as claimed in claim 4 , wherein a layer structure combining the display electrode and the electro-chromic layer is laminated on the display electrode in a multiple number.6. The electro-chromic display element as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a white reflective layer in the electrolytic layer.7. A display apparatus claim 1 , comprising:{'claim-ref': {'@idref': 'CLM-00005', 'claim 5'}, 'the electro-chromic display element as claimed in ;'}a unit which selects the one or ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING WINDOW TRANSPARENCY OF VEHICLE ACCORDING TO RECOGNITION OF DRIVER'S GAZE

Provided is a system for controlling transparency of a vehicle window according to recognition of a gaze of a driver, the system including: an electrochromic film provided on a vehicle window and configured to control transparency according to a transparency control signal; a gaze detector configured to detect a gaze of a driver; a gaze determiner configured to determine whether the gaze of the driver is directed at the vehicle window on which the electrochromic film is located; and a controller configured to transmit the transparency control signal according to the determined gaze of the driver. 1. A system for controlling transparency of a vehicle window according to recognition of a gaze of a driver , the system comprising:an electrochromic film provided on a vehicle window and configured to control transparency according to a transparency control signal;a gaze detector configured to detect a gaze of a driver;a gaze determiner configured to determine whether the gaze of the driver is directed at the vehicle window on which the electrochromic film is located; anda controller configured to transmit the transparency control signal according to the determined gaze of the driver.2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a projector configured to transmit image information to the electrochromic film according to the transparency control signal of the controller.3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the electrochromic film is provided on a rear vehicle window.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller provides the transparency control signal for causing the electrochromic film provided on a rear vehicle window to be converted to a transparent state when the gaze of the driver is directed at a rear-view mirror and provides the transparency control signal for causing the electrochromic film provided on the rear vehicle window to be converted to an opaque state when the gaze of the driver is directed ahead of the vehicle.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the ...

Method and apparatus to control object visibility with switchable glass and photo-taking intention detection

A system for controlling switchable glass based upon intention detection. The system includes a sensor for providing information relating to a posture of a person detected by the sensor, a processor, and switchable glass capable of being switched between transparent and opaque states. The processor is configured to receive the information from the sensor and process the received information in order to determine if an event occurred. This processing includes determining whether the posture of the person indicates a particular intention, such as attempting to take a photo. If the event occurred, the processor is configured to control the state of the switchable glass by switching it to an opaque state to prevent the photo-taking of an object, such as artwork, behind the switchable glass.

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT, OPTICAL FILTER, LENS UNIT, IMAGE PICKUP APPARATUS, AND WINDOW MEMBER

Provided is an electrochromic element, which is capable of correcting possible charge imbalance, and is suppressed in color remaining, the electrochromic element including: a first electrode; a second electrode; a third electrode; and an electrolyte, an anodic organic electrochromic compound, and a cathodic redox substance that are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode being transparent, in which: the third electrode is electrically connectable to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode through the electrolyte; the third electrode further has a redox substance; and a reduced form of the redox substance of the third electrode is more easily oxidized than a reduced form of the anodic organic electrochromic compound. 1. An electrochromic element , comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;a third electrode; andan electrolyte, an anodic organic electrochromic compound, and a cathodic redox substance that are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode,at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode being transparent, wherein:the third electrode is electrically connectable to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode through the electrolyte;the third electrode further has a redox substance; anda reduced form of the redox substance of the third electrode is more easily oxidized than a reduced form of the anodic organic electrochromic compound.2. An electrochromic element , comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;a third electrode; andan electrolyte, a cathodic organic electrochromic compound, and a cathodic redox substance that are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode,at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode being transparent, wherein:the third electrode is electrically connectable to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode through the ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE HAVING THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRODE

An electrochromic device comprises (i) a conductive layer, (ii) an electrochromic material, on the conductive layer, (iii) an electrolyte, on the electrochromic material, and (iv) a counter-electrode, on the electrolyte. The conductive layer has a surface roughness factor (SRF) of at least 10, and the conductive layer comprises a semi-metal. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:(i) a conductive layer,(ii) an electrochromic material, on the conductive layer(iii) an electrolyte, on the electrochromic material, and(iv) a counter-electrode, on the electrolyte,wherein the conductive layer has a surface roughness factor (SRF) of at least 10, andthe conductive layer comprises an n-type degenerate semiconductor.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic material is an organic electrochromic material.3. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer has a SRF of at least 100.4. (canceled)5. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer is transparent.6. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of fluorinated tin oxide claim 1 , aluminum-zinc oxide claim 1 , antimony-tin oxide and indium-tin oxide.7. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic material is a viologen.8. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising a substrate claim 1 , and the conductive layer is on the substrate.9. (canceled)10. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises one member selected from the group consisting of liquid electrolytes and polymer electrolytes.11. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises one member selected from the group consisting of liquid electrolytes and ionic liquid electrolytes.12. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent.13. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein ...

Distributed device network-based control system with decoupled intelligence for smart windows

A distributed device control system is provided. The system includes a plurality of windows, each window of the plurality of windows having at least one electrochromic window, a voltage or current driver for the at least one electrochromic window, and a first control system local to the window. The system includes a plurality of window controllers, each window controller configured to couple to one or more of the plurality of windows and having a second control system, for the one or more of the plurality of windows, local to the window controller. The system includes a command and communication device configured to couple to each of the plurality of window controllers, configured to couple to a network, and having a third control system, for the plurality of windows, wherein control of the plurality of windows is distributed across the plurality of windows, the plurality of window controllers, the command and communication device, and a portion of the network.

WEARABLE ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE USING ELECTROCHROMIC LAYER

Flexible plastic screen for glasses, sunglasses or helmet faceshields with controlled light transmission based on applied electrical voltage. The screen consists of two transparent flexible conductive polymer electrodes disposed and an electrochromic layer disposed between them. The electrochromic layer is a homogeneous mixture of active electrochromic components dissolved in a polymer matrix. The electrochromic screen is operable to vary the light transmission of any wearable electro-optical devices, such as the glasses, for creating an effect of a blackout for augmented/virtual reality glasses. 1. A wearable electro-optical device comprising:{'b': 1', '1', '4', '4', '1', '1', '1', '4', '4, 'a. an electrochromic layer comprising electrochromic composition comprising a cathodic component in the form of a quaternary salt of dipyridine, an anodic component in the form of a ferrocene derivative or heterocyclic compound capable of switching between two oxidation states, a polymeric thickener and a solvent, wherein the cathodic component comprises a salt of cation of ,′-dialkyl-,′-dipyridinium (alkyl group) or ,-(alkane-alpha (alkaline spacer), omega-diyl)-bis-(′-alkyl-,′-dipiridinium) with weakly coordinated anions;'}b. a controller electrically coupled to the electrochromic layer and configured to apply a controlling voltage to the electrochromic layer in response to a received control command to vary light transmittance of the electrochromic layer; andc. a power source for supplying electrical power to the controller.2. The wearable electro-optical device of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl group is selected from C1-C8 saturated alkyl claim 1 , benzyl claim 1 , phenyl or substituted aryls.3. The wearable electro-optical device of claim 1 , wherein the alkane spacer is selected from a C3-C5 alkane chain.4. The wearable electro-optical device of claim 1 , wherein the anion of quaternary salt is non-nucleophilic and comprises BF4— claim 1 , PF6— claim 1 , ClO4— claim 1 , ...

Electrochromic Eyewear

Electrochromic eyewear that include a removable electrochromic lens are provided herein.

DISPLAY WITH ADJUSTABLE TRANSPARENCY

An example disclosed herein determines a setting to present a presentation on a transparent display layer of a display, adjusts a transparency of a first adjustable transparency layer of the display based on the first setting to present the presentation through the first adjustable transparency layer, and adjusts a transparency of a second adjustable transparency layer of the display based on the first setting to prevent the presentation from being presented through the second adjustable transparency layer. 1. A method comprising:determining a first setting to present a presentation on a transparent display layer of a display;adjusting a transparency of a first adjustable transparency layer of the display based on the first setting to present the presentation through the first adjustable transparency layer; andadjusting a transparency of a second adjustable transparency layer of the display based on the first setting to prevent the presentation from being presented through the second adjustable transparency layer.2. The method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising adjusting the presentation on based on the first setting by at least one of reversing or inverting the presentation on the transparent display layer.3. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first setting is determined based on a configuration of a device and the display.4. The method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first setting is determined based on the presence of a user relative to the display.5. The method as defined in claim 1 , further comprising:determining a second setting to present the presentation on the transparent display;adjust the transparency of the first adjustable transparency layer of the display based on the second to prevent the presentation from being prevented through the first adjustable transparency layer; andadjust the transparency of the second adjustable transparency layer of the display based on the second setting to present the presentation through the ...

Pixel Structure, Drive Method Thereof, Display Panel, and Display Device

A pixel structure and a driving method thereof, a display panel and a display device are provided. The pixel structure includes a pixel electrode, a gate line, a data line, a first thin film transistor and a second thin film transistor. A gate electrode of the first thin film transistor is electrically connected with the gate line, a first electrode of the first thin film transistor is electrically connected with the data line, a gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is electrically connected with a first electrode of the second thin film transistor, the first electrode of the second thin film transistor is electrically connected with the pixel electrode, and a second electrode of the second thin film transistor is electrically connected with a second electrode of the first thin film transistor. 1. A pixel structure , comprising:a pixel electrode, a gate line and a data line;a first thin film transistor comprising a gate electrode, a first electrode and a second electrode;a second thin film transistor comprising a gate electrode, a first electrode and a second electrode;wherein the gate electrode of the first thin film transistor is electrically connected with the gate line, the first electrode of the first thin film transistor is electrically connected with the data line;the gate electrode of the second thin film transistor is electrically connected with the first electrode of the second thin film transistor, the first electrode of the second thin film transistor is electrically connected with the pixel electrode, and the second electrode of the second thin film transistor is electrically connected with the second electrode of the first thin film transistor.2. The pixel structure according to claim 1 , further comprising:a third thin film transistor comprising a gate electrode, a first electrode and a second electrode;wherein the gate electrode of the third thin film transistor is electrically connected with the gate line, the first electrode of the ...

CONTROLLERS FOR OPTICALLY-SWITCHABLE DEVICES

This disclosure relates generally to optically-switchable devices, and more particularly, to systems, apparatus, and methods for controlling optically-switchable devices. In some implementations, an apparatus for controlling one or more optically-switchable devices includes a processing unit, a voltage regulator and a polarity switch. The processing unit can generate: a command voltage signal based on a target optical state of an optically-switchable device, and a polarity control signal. The voltage regulator can receive power at a first voltage and increase or decrease a magnitude of the first voltage based on the command voltage signal to provide a DC voltage signal at a regulated voltage. A polarity switch can receive the DC voltage signal at the regulated voltage to maintain or reverse a polarity of the DC voltage signal based on the polarity control signal. The polarity switch can output the DC voltage signal at the regulated voltage and at the polarity based on the polarity control signal to power the optically-switchable device. In some other implementations, the apparatus includes a processing unit, an energy storage device, and first and second voltage regulators. 1. An apparatus for controlling one or more optically-switchable devices , the apparatus comprising:a processing unit configured to generate a command voltage signal based on a target optical state of an optically-switchable device, the processing unit being further configured to generate a polarity control signal;a voltage regulator configured to receive power at a first voltage, and to increase or decrease a magnitude of the first voltage based on the command voltage signal to provide a DC voltage signal at a regulated voltage; anda polarity switch configured to receive the DC voltage signal at the regulated voltage, to maintain or reverse a polarity of the DC voltage signal based on the polarity control signal, and to output the DC voltage signal at the regulated voltage and at the polarity ...

CONTROL METHODS AND SYSTEMS USING EXTERNAL 3D MODELING AND SCHEDULE-BASED COMPUTING

System for controlling tinting of one or more zones of windows in a building based on clear sky models for the building site maintained on a cloud network. 1. A method of determining a tint level for each zone of tintable windows of a building based on output from glare and reflection models of the building site , the method comprising:initializing and assigning attributes to a 3D model of the building site;generating one or more three-dimensional occupancy regions in the 3D model;generating the glare and reflection models based on the 3D model;determining an intersection of a three-dimensional occupancy region with three-dimensional light projections through tintable windows of each zone in the clear sky glare or reflection models;evaluating whether one or more conditions exists based on the determined intersection; anddetermining a tint state for each zone based on the evaluation.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the 3D model resides on a cloud-based 3D modelling platform.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising pushing schedule data with a tint state for each zone at each time interval to a master controller of the building claim 1 , wherein the master controller sets a final tint state for each zone based on a minimum of the tint state from the schedule data and a weather-based tint state based on one or both of infrared sensor readings and photosensor readings.4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising customizing the 3D model based on input from one or more users including at least one customer.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein initializing the 3D model of the building site includes automatically generating the 3D model from architectural drawings of the building and surrounding objects at the building site.6. The method of claim 5 , wherein automatically generating the 3D model from architectural drawings comprises:stripping out all but walls, floors and exterior surfaces of the building from the architectural drawings; and building exterior ...

SYNAPTIC ELECTRONIC DEVICES WITH ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

A synaptic electronic device includes a substrate including a one or more of a semiconductor and an insulator; a photosensitive layer disposed on a surface of the substrate; an electrochromic stack disposed on the photosensitive layer, the electrochromic stack including a first transparent electrode layer, a cathodic electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer, an anodic electrochromic layer, and a second transparent electrode layer; and a pair of electrodes disposed on the photosensitive layer and on opposing sides of the electrochromic stack. 1. A synaptic electronic device , comprising:a substrate comprising one or more of a semiconductor and an insulator;an electrochromic stack disposed on a surface of the substrate, the electrochromic stack comprises a first transparent electrode layer, a cathodic electrochromic layer, a solid electrolyte layer, an anodic electrochromic layer, and a second transparent electrode layer;a photosensitive layer disposed on the electrochromic stack; anda pair of electrodes disposed on and at opposing end of the photosensitive layer.2. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , further comprising a passivation layer on the photosensitive layer.3. The synaptic electronic device of claim 2 , wherein the passivation layer is arranged between electrodes of the pair of electrodes.4. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first transparent electrode layer comprises indium tin oxide.5. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the second transparent electrode layer comprises indium tin oxide.6. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the first transparent electrode layer comprises graphene.7. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the second transparent electrode layer comprises graphene.8. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte layer comprises zirconium oxide.9. The synaptic electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the anodic electrochromic layer ...

TILED ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES ON CARRIER GLASS AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME

A tiled electrochromic (EC) device comprises a carrier glass, a first EC panel laminated to the carrier glass, a second EC panel laminated to the carrier glass, and a seam between the first EC panel and second EC panel. The first and second EC panels comprise an active area, a clear state and a dark state, and the tiled EC device is capable of switching between a clear state and a dark state. 1. A tiled electrochromic (EC) device , comprising:a carrier glass;a first EC device laminated to the carrier glass comprising an active area, a clear state and a dark state;a second EC device laminated to the carrier glass comprising an active area, a clear state and a dark state; anda seam between the first and second EC device;{'sup': '2', 'wherein the carrier glass has an area greater than 2 m, and'}wherein the clear state of the first and second EC devices comprise a CIE-Lab L* in transmission from 70 to 95, b* in transmission from −8 to 8, and a* in transmission from −4 to 4.2. The tiled EC device of claim 1 , wherein the clear state further comprises a Tvis from 70% to 80%.3. The tiled EC device of claim 1 , wherein the dark state of the first and second EC devices comprise a CIE-Lab L* in transmission from 0 to 30 claim 1 , b* in transmission from −5 to −2 claim 1 , and a* in transmission from −7 to −5 claim 1 , and a Tvis from 0.01% to 5%.4. The tiled EC device of claim 1 , further comprising a clear state claim 1 , a dark state claim 1 , and a plurality of tint states between the clear state and the dark state claim 1 , wherein the plurality of tint states are along a continuum of tints comprising a Tvis from 0.1% to 80%.5. The tiled EC device of claim 4 , further comprising a deltaE between any two points within the active area of the device in transmission is less than 10 in the clear state claim 4 , the dark state claim 4 , and at all tint states claim 4 , across the large area EC device in all lateral dimensions.6. The tiled EC device of claim 1 , wherein the seam ...

Addressable electro-optic device

An electro-optic device includes a front substrate defining a first surface and a second surface. A rear substrate defines a third surface and a fourth surface. A seal is disposed about a periphery of the second surface and the third surface. A space is defined between the front substrate, the rear substrate, and the seal. An electro-optic medium is disposed within the space. A first conductive material is disposed on the second surface of the front substrate. A second conductive material is disposed on the third surface of the rear substrate. At least one isolation line extends across at least one of the first conductive material and the second conductive material to define independently controlled dimming regions.

Electrochromic display device, and producing method and driving method thereof

An electrochromic display device is provided. The electrochromic display device includes a first substrate; a first electrode formed of a transparent conductive film, overlying the first substrate; a second electrode formed of a transparent conductive film, overlying the first electrode; a white reflective layer, overlying the second electrode; a reflective layer, overlying the white reflective layer; a support substrate, overlying the reflective layer; an electrochromic layer, adjacent to the first electrode or the second electrode; and an electrolyte, present between the first electrode and the second electrode.

SOLAR CELL HAVING ELECTROCHROMIC PORTION INSERTED THEREINTO AND METHOD OF FABRICATING THE SAME

The present invention relates to a solar cell having an electrochromic portion inserted thereinto and a method of fabricating the same. The solar cell includes a light-transmitting portion formed on a substrate and an electrochromic portion formed at the light-transmitting portion and having an electrochromic property, so that beauty may be improved through the color implementation, light transmittance may also be adjusted according to an external environment, and thus it is possible to flexibly cope with a change in external environment. 1. A solar cell having an electrochromic portion inserted thereinto , the solar cell comprising:a back electrode layer disposed on a substrate;a light-absorbing layer disposed on the back electrode layer;a front electrode layer and a buffer layer disposed on the light-absorbing layer;a light-transmitting portion including a light-transmitting region dividing the back electrode layer into multiple portions;an electrochromic portion provided in the light-transmitting portion and including a color adjustment region formed so as to implement a variety of colors according to applied voltage;a first pattern portion disposed at one side of the electrochromic portion and partially exposing the back electrode layer through an opening in the light-absorbing layer and the buffer layer; anda second pattern portion partially exposing the back electrode layer through an opening in the front electrode layer in the presence of a connection wiring formed of a transparent conductive material inserted into the inside of the first pattern portion during a formation of the front electrode layer in the first pattern portion.2. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic portion changes a color by changing transparency according to voltage applied to the portion between the back electrode layers.3. The solar cell of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic portion is formed to have the same height as that of the light-absorbing layer.4. The solar ...

FRAME COMPRISING PROFILE CONNECTORS WITH A ROTATIONAL JOINT

The present invention relates to a frame for an insect protection device for use with a building opening, comprising 1. A frame for a protection device for use with a building opening , comprising{'b': 1', '1', '1', '2', '3', '4', '3, 'at least two vertical frame struts (., .) which in each case have at least one outer profile strip () and at least one inner profile strip () which is inserted in a telescopic manner into the outer profile strip(s) () to an insertion depth,'}{'b': 2', '1', '2', '2', '3', '4', '3, 'at least two horizontal frame struts (., .) which in each case have at least one outer profile strip () and at least one inner profile strip () which is inserted in a telescopic manner into the outer profile strip (s) () to an insertion depth, and'}{'b': 5', '1', '5', '2', '6', '1', '6', '2', '7', '8', '7', '3', '4', '1', '1', '1', '2', '8', '3', '4', '2', '1', '2', '2, 'claim-text': {'b': 5', '1', '5', '2', '6', '1', '6', '2', '11', '7', '8', '9', '10', '1', '1', '1', '2', '2', '1', '2', '2', '1', '1', '1', '2', '2', '1', '2', '2', '9', '10', '11', '5', '1', '5', '2', '6', '1', '6', '2', '2', '1', '2', '2', '1', '1', '1', '2, 'each profile connector (., ., ., .) has a rotational joint () between the connecting arms (, ) having at least one axis of rotation (, ), such that in an initial position the vertical frame struts (., .) and the horizontal frame struts (., .) are oriented parallel to one another and that, by pivoting the frame struts (., ., ., .) relative to one another about the axes of rotation (, ) of the rotational joints () of the profile connectors (., ., ., .) connecting together two respective frame struts, the frame is able to be transferred into an assembly position in which the horizontal frame struts (., .) and the vertical frame struts (., .) are arranged in a frame plane at a right angle to one another.'}, 'profile connectors (., ., ., .) in each case comprising at least one first connecting arm () and one second connecting arm (), ...

APPARATUS COMPRISING A TIME-OF-FLIGHT SENSOR AND METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING A TIME-OF-FLIGHT SENSOR

A method for characterizing a time-of-flight sensor is provided. The time-of-flight sensor is covered by a cover exhibiting an adjustable transmittance. The method includes selectively adjusting the transmittance of the cover such that the cover is opaque for light emittable by the time-of-flight sensor. Further, the method includes performing at least one time-of-flight measurement with the time-of-flight sensor while the cover is opaque for obtaining measurement data for light reflected from the cover back to the time-of-flight sensor. The method additionally includes determining characterization data based on the measurement data. The characterization data indicate a quantity related to the time-of-flight sensor. 1. A method for characterizing a time-of-flight sensor , wherein the time-of-flight sensor is covered by a cover exhibiting an adjustable transmittance , the method comprising:selectively adjusting the transmittance of the cover such that the cover is opaque for light emittable by the time-of-flight sensor;performing at least one time-of-flight measurement with the time-of-flight sensor while the cover is opaque, for obtaining measurement data for light reflected from the cover back to the time-of-flight sensor; anddetermining characterization data based on the measurement data, wherein the characterization data indicate a quantity related to the time-of-flight sensor.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein an illumination element of the time-of-flight sensor configured to emit the light and a light capturing element of the time-of-flight sensor configured to measure the light reflected from the cover are arranged in a common cavity that is covered by the cover.3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:modifying, based on the characterization data, image data of an image determined based on time-of-flight measurements performed by the time-of-flight sensor while the transmittance of the cover is adjusted such that the cover is transparent for light ...

WINDOW ANTENNAS

In one aspect, an apparatus is described that includes a transparent pane having a first surface and a second surface. An electrochromic device is arranged over the second surface that includes a first conductive layer adjacent the second surface, a second conductive layer, and an electrochromic layer between the first and the second conductive layers. The apparatus further includes at least one conductive antenna structure arranged over the second surface. 1. A method of delivering power by wireless transmission to an electrochromic device , the method comprising:(a) determining that power is to be delivered to the electrochromic device via one or more first receivers, each comprising one or more first antennas;(b) causing a transmitter to wirelessly transmit power by electromagnetic transmission to the one or more first antennas, wherein the one or more first antennas are disposed (i) on one or more electrochromic windows including the electrochromic device and/or (ii) on one or more window controllers configured to control the electrochromic device, wherein the one or more electrochromic windows and/or on one or more window controllers are disposed in a building; and(c) receiving the wirelessly transmitted power at one or more of the first receivers using the one or more first antennas.2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:determining that power is to be delivered to one or more additional electrochromic devices in (a) via one or more second receivers, each comprising one or more second antennas,wirelessly transmitting power to the one or more second antennas in (b), andreceiving the wirelessly transmitted power at one or more second receivers in (c) with the one or more second antennas.3. The method of claim 2 , wherein causing a transmitter to wirelessly transmit power in (b) comprises causing the transmitter to alternate transmitting power between the one or more first and second antennas.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein one or more of the first ...

FOLDABLE ADJUSTABLE SUN SHADE FOR VEHICLE SIDE WINDOW

A vehicle side window shade for mounting on the side window to block the sun and heat from entering the vehicle through the side window. It comprises a foldable, opaque cloth, with a plurality of thin, rigid yet flexible tabs attached to at least one of its edges. Installing the sunshade on a car's side window is done by wedging the tabs vertically into the upper edge of the window's frame, such that the top of each tab is pressed between the window's glass and the flexible rubber seal which lines the window's frame in the door. 1. A shade device for a vehicle side window , comprising:a. a foldable, opaque cloth, adapted to cover an area of the window; andb. a plurality of rigid yet flexible tabs, each of said tabs having a thickness in a range of 0.2 mm to 1.4 mm and total surface area in a range of 3 square centimeters to 400 square centimeters, said tabs adapted to be detachably held in place by compressive force when wedged in the crevice between the surface of the window and the upper edge of the window's frame,where at least two of said tabs are attached to said cloth adjacent to at least one edge of said cloth, such that at least one square centimeter of each of said tabs lies outside the perimeter of said cloth, said tabs adapted to support said cloth hanging down from said tabs in a shading position essentially parallel to the window on the inside of the vehicle when said tabs are wedged in the crevice between the surface of the window and the upper edge of the window's frame.2. The shade of wherein the total surface area of each of the two faces of said cloth is in a range of 400 square centimeters to 4000 square centimeters.3. The shade of wherein the cloth shape is tailored to fit exactly a specific window of a specific vehicle model.4. The shade of wherein at least one of said tabs has a curvature such that the curvature must be temporarily reduced in order to wedge the tab into the crevice between the surface of a vehicle's window and the window's ...

MULTI-SENSOR HAVING A LIGHT DIFFUSING ELEMENT AROUND A PERIPHERY OF A RING OF PHOTOSENSORS

Various implementations relate generally to a multi-sensor device. Some implementations more particularly relate to a multi-sensor device including a ring of radially-oriented photosensors. Some implementations more particularly relate to a multi-sensor device that is orientation-independent with respect to a central axis of the ring. Some implementations of the multi-sensor devices described herein also include one or more additional sensors. For example, some implementations include an axially-directed photosensor. Some implementations also can include one or more temperature sensors configured to sense an exterior temperature, for example, an ambient temperature of an outdoors environment around the multi-sensor. Additionally or alternatively, some implementations can include a temperature sensor configured to sense an interior temperature within the multi-sensor device. Particular implementations provide, characterize, or enable a compact form factor. Particular implementations provide, characterize, or enable a multi-sensor device requiring little or no wiring, and in some such instances, little or no invasion, perforation or reconstruction of a building or other structure on which the multi-sensor device is mounted. 1. An apparatus of sensing sun radiation for adjusting tint of one or more tintable windows of a building , the apparatus comprising:a rigid structure having a closed circumference, the rigid structure configured to connect to a mast disposed externally to the building and connected to the building; anda plurality of photosensors disposed in the closed circumference, the plurality of photosensors configured to (i) sense the sun radiation, and (ii) generate data used to control tinting of the one or more tintable windows of the building, the rigid structure configured to enable the sun radiation to reach the plurality of photosensors;the apparatus configured to operatively couple to a control system that: (i) utilizes the data to control tinting of ...

MULTICOLOR, SINGLE ACTIVE LAYER ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES

An electrochromic device including a single unitary active layer with a dye having a nitrogen group and a conducting polymer having a nitrogen group. The active layer has a first color in an oxidized state and a second color in a reduced state; the electrochromic device has no other active layer. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:a single unitary active layer containing a dye having a nitrogen group, anda conducting polymer having a nitrogen group, said conducting polymer being polyaniline; andpolyvinyl alcohol (PVA), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and ammonium perdisulphate (APS) ((NH4)2S2Oa);wherein the single unitary active layer is configured to assume a first color in an oxidized state, a second color in a reduced state, and a third color in a state between the oxidized state and the reduced state;wherein said dye having a nitrogen group comprises one or more of methyl orange (MO), methyl viologen (MV), eosin Y (EO), congo red (CR), rhodamin B (RB), methylene blue (MB), allura red (AR), crystal violet, acid fuschin, nigrosine, cationic dye, and orange G; andwherein the electrochromic device comprises no other active layer.2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , further comprising first and second transparent or translucent layers of material between which the single unitary active layer is positioned.3. The electrochromic device according to claim 2 , wherein in the oxidized state the single active unitary layer is substantially light-blocking and prevents light from passing through the device.4. The electrochromic device according to claim 2 , wherein the first and second transparent or translucent layers comprise thin transparent glass or plastic plates that are coated with a transparent electrically conductive film.5. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , further comprising a voltage source configured to apply an electrical potential to the single unitary active layer.6. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , wherein the ...

ELECTROCHROMIC MIRROR CONTROL DEVICE

A control device of an ECM employs a current control method in place of a voltage control method in order to remove heat generation, and can stably provide a desired current and voltage to an ECM regardless of an input voltage. The control device of an ECM may include: an illuminance sensor unit configured to sense the brightness of light; an MCU configured to output a control signal corresponding to the brightness level of the sensed light; an ECM control unit configured to generate and output a constant current having a current value adjusted to correspond to the brightness level of the sensed light, in response to the control signal; and an ECM including a material to cause a chemical change in which the color thereof changes while the material is oxidized by the constant current, and having reflectivity adjusted to correspond to the adjusted current value of the constant current. 1. A control device for controlling an ECM (Electro-Chromic Mirror) , comprising:an illuminance sensor unit configured to sense the brightness of light;an MCU (Micro Controller Unit) configured to output a control signal corresponding to a level of the brightness of the sensed light;an ECM control unit configured to generate and output a constant current having a current value that is adjusted to correspond to the brightness level of the sensed light, in response to the control signal; andan ECM comprising a material to cause a chemical change in which the color thereof changes by oxidizing the material with the constant current outputted from the ECM control unit, and having reflectivity that is adjusted to correspond to the adjusted current value of the constant current.2. The control device of claim 1 , wherein the control signal comprises an on/off signal for turning on/off the ECM control unit claim 1 , and a control output signal for controlling the current value of the constant current outputted from the ECM control unit claim 1 , according to the brightness level of the light.3. ...

DISPLAY PANEL, FABRICATING METHOD THEREOF, DRIVING METHOD, DISPLAY DEVICE

A display panel, a fabricating method thereof, and a display device are disclosed, which relate to the field of display technology. The display panel comprises an array substrate, an assembly substrate, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the array substrate and the assembly substrate. The display panel has a totally transmissive mode and a totally reflective mode. An electrochromic reflective layer is arranged on a side of the array substrate close to the liquid crystal layer, and is configured to reflect external ambient light in the totally reflective mode and to exhibit a transparent state to completely transmit light in the totally transmissive mode. 1. A display panel , comprising an array substrate , an assembly substrate , and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the array substrate and the assembly substrate , wherein the display panel has a totally transmissive mode and a totally reflective mode , the display panel comprises:an electrochromic reflective layer which is arranged on a side of the array substrate close to the liquid crystal layer,the electrochromic reflective layer is configured to reflect external ambient light in the totally reflective mode, and to exhibit a transparent state to completely transmit light in the totally transmissive mode.2. The display panel of claim 1 , wherein the display panel further comprises a switch unit which is electrically connected with the electrochromic reflective layer claim 1 , and configured to control an electrical signal fed to the electrochromic reflective layer.3. The display panel of claim 2 , wherein the switch unit is a thin film transistor.4. The display panel of claim 1 , wherein the display panel further comprises:a first alignment film which is arranged on the array substrate with the electrochromic reflective layer;a first wave plate and a lower polarizer which are arranged successively on a side of the array substrate away from the liquid crystal layer;a second alignment film which is ...

ELECTRONICALLY SWITCHABLE PRIVACY DEVICE

An electronically switchable privacy device suitable for use in display devices is described. The electronically switchable privacy device comprises a first transparent electrode layer, an electronically switchable layer disposed adjacent to the first transparent electrode layer, and a second transparent electrode layer disposed adjacent to the electronically switchable layer and opposite the first transparent electrode layer. The second transparent electrode layer comprises a transparent substrate layer having a plurality of microstructured ribs extending across a major surface of the transparent substrate layer such that the microstructured ribs form an alternating series of ribs and channels, each channel having channel walls defined by adjacent ribs. A plurality of transparent electrode members comprising a transparent electrode material are disposed on at least one channel wall in a corresponding plurality of the channels; and a bus member provides electrical connectivity across the plurality of transparent electrode members. A spacer element disposed in the electronically switchable layer keeps the first transparent electrode layer spaced apart from the second transparent electrode layer. A portion of the electronically switchable layer at least partially fills the plurality of channels and makes electrical contact with the plurality of transparent electrode members. The electronically switchable layer comprises an electronically switchable material capable of modulation between high and low light absorption states upon application of a direct current voltage across the first and second transparent electrode layers. 1. A privacy device that is electronically switchable , comprising: 'a first transparent substrate layer and a first transparent electrically conductive layer disposed on a major surface of the first transparent substrate layer, wherein the first transparent substrate layer is flexible;', 'a first transparent electrode layer comprisingan ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE COMPRISING THREE OR FOUR LAYERS

The invention relates to an electrochromic device comprising: a working electrode () comprising an electrochromic material containing at least one electrochromic polymer, said electrode being optionally in contact with a current collector (); a solid electrolyte () which is in contact with each of said electrodes; and a counter-electrode () in a conductive metal material. The invention also relates to the various applications of such a device, especially for display. 1. An electrochromic device comprising:at least one electrochromic working electrode;a counter electrode;a solid electrolyte and optionally at most one current collector,said device additionally having means for applying a voltage to said electrodes, the solid electrolyte is in contact with each of said electrodes,', 'the counter electrode is a conductive metal material (MC), the redox potential of which corresponds to the upper potential of the potential window for operation of said electrochromic device., 'wherein the working electrode has an electrochromic material containing at least one electrochromic polymer, said electrode optionally being in contact with a current collector,'}2. The device as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic polymers of the working electrode are selected from the group consisting of poly(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) claim 1 , poly(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene) claim 1 , poly(3 claim 1 ,4-propylene-dioxythiophene) claim 1 , 4 claim 1 ,7-bis(2 claim 1 ,3-dihydrothieno[3 claim 1 ,4-b][1 claim 1 ,4]dioxin-5-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole claim 1 , 1 claim 1 ,4-bis(2-(3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl)benzene claim 1 , copolymers based on pyrrole and on 3 claim 1 ,4-ethylenedioxythiophene claim 1 , copolymers of 4-aminodiphenylamine and 4 claim 1 ,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone claim 1 , poly[2 claim 1 ,5-di(2-thienyl)-1H-pyrrole-1-(p-benzoic acid)] claim 1 , poly(9H-N-alkyl carbazoles) claim 1 , poly(3 claim 1 ,6-dinitro-9H-N-alkyl carbazoles) and poly ...

DEVICE FOR THE REGULATION OF LIGHT TRANSMISSION

The present application discloses a switchable device, comprising a switching layer and a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, where the switching layer is positioned between the first and the second conductive layer, and where at least one of the first and the second conductive layers comprises a plurality of isolating sections and a plurality of conductive sections, where the isolating sections and the conductive sections alternate over the area of the conductive layer, and where the switching state of the switchable device is controlled by touch motions. 1. Switchable device for the regulation of light transmission , comprising a stack of layers which comprises a first substrate layer , a second substrate layer , a switching layer which is positioned between the first and the second substrate layer , a first conductive layer which is positioned between the switching layer and the first substrate layer , and a second conductive layer which is positioned between the switching layer and the second substrate layer , where the switching layer comprises a material which changes its light transmissivity upon the application of voltage , andwhere at least one of the first and the second conductive layers comprises a plurality of isolating sections and a plurality of conductive sections, where the isolating sections and the conductive sections alternate over the area of the conductive layer, and where the switching state of the switchable device is controlled by touch motions.2. Switchable device according to claim 1 , characterized in that the isolating sections and the conductive sections alternate in a regular pattern over the area of the conductive layer.3. Switchable device according to claim 1 , characterized in that for each one of the plurality of conductive sections claim 1 , the switching state of the specific section of the switching layer which is covered by the area of the conductive section can be selected independently of the switching ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE ASSEMBLIES

An electrochromic device is provided. The device includes a first substrate and a second substrate. The device includes electrochromic material, with the first substrate, the electrochromic material and the second substrate forming a laminate, the first substrate offset in a lateral direction from the second substrate along at least a portion of an edge of the electrochromic device. The device includes a plurality of terminals coupled to the electrochromic material, with at least two of the plurality of terminals exposed on the first substrate by the first substrate being offset in the lateral direction from the second substrate. A method of manufacturing an electrochromic device is also provided. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:a first substrate;a second substrate;electrochromic material, with the first substrate, the electrochromic material and the second substrate forming a laminate, the first substrate offset in a lateral direction from the second substrate along at least a portion of an edge of the electrochromic device; anda plurality of terminals coupled to the electrochromic material, with at least two of the plurality of terminals exposed on the first substrate by the first substrate being offset in the lateral direction from the second substrate.2. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , further comprising:a first pane of glass or plastic; andthe electrochromic device attached to the first pane of glass as a further laminate.3. The electrochromic device of claim 2 , wherein the first pane of glass comprises strengthened soda lime glass having a thickness in the approximate range of about 3.0 mm to about 6.0 mm and wherein the first and second substrates comprise low CTE borosilicate glass having a thickness of about 0.5 mm.4. The electrochromic device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of terminals includes two bus bars and at least one sense terminal claim 1 , for sensing a voltage of the electrochromic device claim 1 , the at least one sense ...

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT

An electrochromic element, includes: a pair of electrodes (); and an electrochromic layer () disposed between the pair of electrodes (), the electrochromic element being controlled in transmittance by pulse width modulation, in which: the electrochromic layer () contains at least one of two or more kinds of anode electrochromic materials, or two or more kinds of cathode electrochromic materials; and all of one of the anode electrochromic materials and the cathode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or have a molecular length ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) of 1.4 or less, the electrochromic element being such that even when a driving environment temperature changes, its gradation can be controlled under a state in which its absorption spectrum is retained. 1. An electrochromic element , comprising:a pair of electrodes; andan electrochromic layer disposed between the pair of electrodes, the electrochromic element being controlled in transmittance by pulse width modulation,wherein: two or more anode electrochromic materials, or', 'two or more cathode electrochromic materials; and, 'the electrochromic layer contains at least one ofall of one of the anode electrochromic materials and the cathode electrochromic materials have an equal molecular length, or have a molecular length ratio of (large molecular length)/(small molecular length) of 1.4 or less.2. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer contains the two or more anode electrochromic materials claim 1 , and all absolute values of differences in oxidation potential between the anode electrochromic materials are 60 mV or less.3. The electrochromic element according to claim 2 , wherein all the absolute values of the differences in oxidation potential between the anode electrochromic materials are 20 mV or less.4. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer contains the two or more cathode ...

CONTROLLERS FOR OPTICALLY-SWITCHABLE DEVICES

This disclosure relates generally to optically-switchable devices, and more particularly, to systems, apparatus, and methods for controlling optically-switchable devices. In some implementations, the apparatus includes an interface for communicating with window controllers, and the apparatus includes one or more processors. A processor can be configured to cause status information received from a window controller to be processed. The status information can indicate at least a tint status of one or more optically-switchable devices controlled by the window controller. In response to receiving the status information, one or more tint commands can be sent via the interface to the window controller. 1. An apparatus for interfacing with window controllers configured to control optically-switchable devices , the apparatus comprising:an interface for communicating with a plurality of window controllers; and processing status information received from a window controller, the status information indicating at least a tint status of one or more optically-switchable devices controlled by the window controller, and', 'sending, responsive to receiving the status information, one or more tint commands via the interface to the window controller., 'one or more processors configured to cause2. The apparatus of claim 1 , the one or more processors further configured to cause:sending, on a sequential basis or an asynchronous basis, status requests to the plurality of window controllers.3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the status information indicates one or more of: an applied voltage level claim 1 , a detected voltage level claim 1 , a detected current claim 1 , photosensor information claim 1 , or temperature sensor information.4. The apparatus of claim 1 , the one or more processors further configured to cause:identifying the window controller as controlling an optically-switchable device to be transitioned from a first tint state to a second tint state different from the ...

ARTICLE OF FOOTWEAR WITH COLOR CHANGE PORTION AND METHOD OF CHANGING COLOR

An article with a color change portion and a method of changing color. The article includes at least one color change portion capable of changing colors. The color change portion includes composite material including a photonic lattice. The color change portion can change colors according to one or more performance parameters. The article can be connected to a computer and the color change portion can be controlled using the computer 120-. (canceled)21. An article comprising:a first panel including a first surface defining an exterior surface of the article, the first panel including an aperture; anda color change portion attached to the first panel and extending at least partially across the aperture, the color change portion including (i) an outer surface recessed from the exterior surface of the first panel and (ii) a photonic lattice operable to receive an electrical signal to change a color of the color change portion.22. The article of claim 21 , wherein the article is one of an article of clothing claim 21 , an article of footwear claim 21 , or an article of equipment.23. The article of claim 21 , wherein the outer surface extends across an entirety of the aperture.24. The article of claim 21 , wherein the photonic lattice is a component of a composite material.25. The article of claim 24 , wherein the composite material includes a first conductive layer electrically connected to a first terminal and a second conductive layer electrically connected to a second terminal.26. The article of claim 25 , wherein the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are disposed on opposite sides of the photonic lattice.27. The article of claim 25 , wherein the photonic lattice is printed on one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.28. The article of claim 25 , wherein the first terminal and the second terminal are in electrical communication with at least one of a control unit and a power source operable to change a color of the color ...

GRATING STRUCTURE AND DISPLAY DEVICE

A grating structure includes slit regions () and light blocking regions () that are alternately distributed in a first direction. The slit regions () and the light blocking regions () extend in a second direction, and the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. The grating structure further includes two electrode plates () disposed oppositely, and a plurality of support columns () disposed between the two electrode plates () and supporting them. At least two of the support columns () are spaced apart in the first direction are arranged in each of the slit regions (). 1. A grating structure , comprising slit regions and light blocking regions that are alternately distributed in a first direction , wherein the slit regions and the light blocking regions extend in a second direction , wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction , and wherein the grating structure further comprises:two electrode plates disposed oppositely; anda plurality of support columns between the two electrode plates,wherein the plurality of support columns support the two electrode plates, andwherein at least two of the support columns spaced apart in the first direction are arranged in each of the slit regions.2. The grating structure according to claim 1 ,wherein each of the slit regions is further provided with a plurality of lines of support columns extending in the second direction, andwherein two adjacent lines of support columns are spaced apart in the first direction.3. The grating structure according to claim 2 , wherein the two adjacent lines of support columns are spaced apart equidistantly in the first direction.4. The grating structure according to claim 3 , wherein the two adjacent lines of support columns are further staggered in the second direction.5. The grating structure according to claim 2 , wherein the plurality of lines of support columns comprises two lines of support columns.6. The grating structure according to claim 1 , further ...

EYE-TRAINING APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR MODIFYING VISUAL INPUT TO THE BRAIN

An apparatus for modifying the visual input to the brain from a non-dominant eye is provided. The apparatus includes an electrically controllable optical window that is coupled with a controller. The controller is positioned to establish a voltage across the electrically controllable optical window, remove a voltage across the electrically controllable optical window, vary a voltage across the electrically controllable optical window, or combinations thereof. The optical transparency of the electrically controllable optical window is responsive to voltage across the electrically controllable optical window. 1. An apparatus for modifying visual input to the brain , the apparatus comprising:an electrically controllable optical window; anda controller electrically coupled with the electrically controllable optical window; andwherein the controller is positioned to establish a voltage across the electrically controllable optical window, remove a voltage across the electrically controllable optical window, vary a voltage across the electrically controllable optical window, or combinations thereof; andwherein optical transparency of the electrically controllable optical window is responsive to voltage across the electrically controllable optical window.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller is positioned to establish at least two different voltage states across the electrically controllable optical window claim 1 , wherein in a first voltage state the electrically controllable optical window is in a first state of optical transparency claim 1 , wherein in a second voltage state the electrically controllable optical window is in a second state of optical transparency claim 1 , and wherein the first and second states of optical transparency are different.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the first state of optical transparency is opaquer than the second state of optical transparency.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the second state of optical ...

INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC AND ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS

A variety of methods for integrating an organic photovoltaic-based SolarWindow™ module and electrochromic materials to create dynamic, variable transmittance, energy-saving windows and/or window films are described. Stand-alone or building integrated, independent or user-controllable, battery supported or building integrated, and insulated glass unit or aftermarket film implementations are all described, providing for a diversity of applications. Low-cost fabrication options also allow for economical production. 16-. (canceled)7. A flexible plastic film comprising: an electrochromic component;', 'an organic photovoltaic component coated monolithically on top of the electrochromic component; and', 'a common transparent conducting electrode connecting organic photovoltaic cell(s) (anode) and an electrochromic device (cathode), the photovoltaic cathode being electrically connected with the electrochromic anode., 'a flexible and transparent substrate;'}8. The flexible plastic film of claim 7 , further comprising a battery and switching elements.9. The flexible plastic film of claim 8 , wherein the electrochromic device can be driven to a dark state by the battery in an absence of a photovoltage.10. The flexible plastic film of claim 8 , wherein the organic photovoltaic cell(s) charges the battery. The present invention is a Divisional application under 35 U.S.C. §121 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/079,909, filed Nov. 14, 2013, now allowed, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/726,490, filed Nov. 14, 2012, and entitled “INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC AND ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.The present invention is directed to the integration of a photovoltaic window, in the form of SolarWindow™, and an electrochromic window, in the generic form, to produce an energy-saving integrated dynamic window unit, and more particularly, to specific methods for implementing ...

INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAIC AND ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS

A variety of methods for integrating an organic photovoltaic-based SolarWindow™ module and electrochromic materials to create dynamic, variable transmittance, energy-saving windows and/or window films are described. Stand-alone or building integrated, independent or user-controllable, battery supported or building integrated, and insulated glass unit or aftermarket film implementations are all described, providing for a diversity of applications. Low-cost fabrication options also allow for economical production. 1. A two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) comprising:an outer pane on a sun-ward side of the window unit,an inner pane on an opposite side of the outer pane from the sun-ward side of the window unit,wherein the outer pane is coated on an inside surface of the IGU with a organic photovoltaic module including one or more cells connected in series and/or parallel, andwherein the inner pane is coated on an inside surface of the IGU with a single-polarity electrochromic window,the outer pane and the inner pane being electrically connected such that a voltage produced by the organic photovoltaic module, when illuminated, drives the electrochromic window into a low VLT state.2. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 1 , further comprising manual controls and a battery.3. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 2 , wherein the outer pane and the inner pane are electrically connected and include the manual controls and the battery in parallel such that the electrochromic element can be driven to a dark state in an absence of a photovoltage.4. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 2 , wherein the organic photovoltaic module charges the battery.5. The two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) of claim 2 , further comprising polarity inverter that enables the battery to be used to speed a bleaching process of the electrochromic element.6. A two-pane insulated glass window unit (IGU) comprising:an outer pane on a ...

DISPLAY DEVICE

A display device includes: a first display panel that includes an electrochromic element and is in a color state to perform color display and a transmissive state; a second display panel that includes a polymer dispersed liquid crystal element, is stacked on the first display panel, and is in a scatter state to scatter a light and a transmissive state; and a light source unit between the first display panel and the second display panel and on one side portion of the second display panel, the light source unit emitting light to the second display panel. 1. A display device comprising:a first display panel that includes an electrochromic element and is in a color state to perform color display and a transmissive state;a second display panel that includes a polymer dispersed liquid crystal element, is stacked on the first display panel, and is in a scatter state to scatter a light and a transmissive state; anda light source unit between the first display panel and the second display panel and on one side portion of the second display panel, the light source unit emitting light to the second display panel.2. The display device according to claim 1 , further comprising a control circuit that executes a first mode claim 1 , a second mode claim 1 , and a third mode claim 1 , wherein:in the first mode, the first display panel performs color display, the second display panel is set to a scatter state, and the light source unit is turned off;in the second mode, the first display panel performs color display, the second display panel is set to a transmissive state, and the light source unit is turned off; andin the third mode, the first display panel performs color display, the second display panel is set to a scatter state, and the light source unit is turned on.3. The display device according to claim 1 , further comprising a seal member that bonds the first display panel and the second display panel claim 1 , a space provided between the first display panel and the second ...

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT AND ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

An electrochromic element includes: a first electrode which transmits light; a second electrode disposed opposite the first electrode; and an electrolyte containing metal and located between the first electrode and the second electrode. The metal is depositable on one of the first electrode and the second electrode, according to a voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a second deposition voltage at which deposition of the metal on the second electrode starts is higher than a first deposition voltage at which deposition of the metal on the first electrode starts. 1. An electrochromic element , comprising:a first electrode which transmits light;a second electrode disposed opposite the first electrode; andan electrolyte containing metal and located between the first electrode and the second electrode, whereinthe metal is depositable on one of the first electrode and the second electrode, according to a voltage applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, anda second deposition voltage at which deposition of the metal on the second electrode starts is higher than a first deposition voltage at which deposition of the metal on the first electrode starts.2. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , whereinthe second electrode has a surface rougher than a surface of the first electrode.3. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , whereinthe second electrode has an electric resistance higher than an electric resistance of the first electrode.4. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , whereinthe second electrode includes particulate nonconductors.5. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , whereinthe second electrode has a through hole that passes through the second electrode in a thickness direction.6. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , whereina surface of the second electrode that faces the first electrode is concave.7. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , ...

METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE AND AN ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

A method for controlling an electrochromic device comprises obtaining () of a target colouring level and a measure of an initial colouring level. A measure of an initial open circuit voltage between electrodes of the electrochromic device is obtained (). A voltage applied between the electrodes is calibration ramped (). A calibration charging current is measured () during the calibration ramping of the voltage. The calibration ramping of the voltage is interrupted (), intermittently and temporarily and a calibration open circuit voltage is measured (). The calibration ramping is stopped () when a calibration condition is met. A constant main charging/discharging voltage between the electrodes of the electrochromic device is applied (). The voltage is selected in dependence of the ramped voltage when stopped. Application of a voltage between the electrodes is removed () when target colouring level is reached. An electrochromic device capable of performing such procedure is disclosed. 115.-. (canceled)16. A method for controlling an electrochromic device , said electrochromic device presenting a transmittance being dependent on a charge of said electrochromic device , said method comprising the steps of:obtaining a target colouring level and a measure of an initial colouring level;obtaining a measure of an initial open circuit voltage between said electrodes of said electrochromic device;calibration ramping of a voltage applied between said electrodes of said electrochromic device;measuring a calibration charging current, charging said electrochromic device through said electrodes of said electrochromic device during said calibration ramping of said voltage;interrupting, intermittently and temporarily, said calibration ramping of said voltage;measuring a calibration open circuit voltage between said electrodes of said electrochromic device during said interrupting of said calibration ramping;stopping said calibration ramping of said voltage when a calibration ...

SEE-THROUGH COMPUTER DISPLAY SYSTEMS WITH VISION CORRECTION AND INCREASED CONTENT DENSITY

Provided herein are examples of an impact resistant glass-waveguide configuration for a see-through head-worn computer display. In embodiments, the configuration includes vision correction and content density control through electrochromic and/or photochromic systems. 1. An optical stack comprising:a waveguide;a first protective layer disposed on a first side of the waveguide;a second protective layer disposed on a second side of the waveguide;a vision corrective optic disposed on the first side of the waveguide; andan electrochromic layer disposed on the second side of the waveguide.2. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the first protective layer comprises polycarbonate.3. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the first protective layer comprises a protective plate.4. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the vision corrective optic is disposed between an eye of a user and the first protective layer.5. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the vision corrective optic comprises an elastomeric.6. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the vision corrective optic is coupled to the first protective layer via surface adhesion.7. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the first protective layer comprises the vision corrective optic.8. The optical stack of claim 1 , further comprising:a first air gap disposed between the waveguide and the first protective layer; anda second air gap disposed between the waveguide and the second protective layer.9. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic layer is disposed between the waveguide and the second protective layer.10. The optical stack of claim 9 , wherein the electrochromic layer is coupled directly to the second protective layer.11. The optical stack of claim 9 , further comprising a substrate layer disposed between the electrochromic layer and the second protective layer claim 9 , wherein the electrochromic layer is coupled directly to the substrate layer.12. The optical stack of claim 1 , wherein the ...

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MULTI-ZONE DIMMING WINDOW SYSTEM

A window control system comprises a plurality of electro-optic devices configured to control a transmittance of light through each of the plurality of zones, and at least one sensor configured to identify an intensity of light transmitted through the at least one window. A controller is in communication with the electro-optic devices and the at least one sensor. The controller is configured to independently control the transmittance of the light through each of the zones based on at least on at least one of a direction of the light and an intensity of the light detected in a passenger compartment of a vehicle. 1. A window control system configured to control light transmittance through at least one dimming zone of at least one window , the window control system comprising:at least one electro-optic device, each of the at least one electro-optic devices configured to selectively adjust the transmittance of light through one of the at least one dimming zones of the at least one window;at least one sensor configured to identify an intensity of light transmitted through the at least one dimming zone of the at least one window;a controller in communication with the at least one electro-optic device and the at least one sensor, wherein the controller is configured to control the transmittance of the light through at least one of the at least one dimming zones based on at least one of a direction of the light detected by the sensor and an intensity of the light detected by the sensor.2. The window control system according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one window is in a vehicle; and wherein the at least one window is one of a side window claim 1 , a windshield claim 1 , a rear window claim 1 , a vent window claim 1 , and a sunroof.3. The window control system according to claim 2 , wherein the at least one sensor comprises an exterior light sensor configured to identify a direction of light impinging on the vehicle.4. The window control system according to claim 2 , ...

METHOD AND SYSTEM OF SELF-CONTAINED AND SELF-POWERED CONTROLLER

The disclosure relates generally to an electrochromic system. The system may include one or more electrochromic devices and a central control device. Each electrochromic device may include two glass layers, two adhesive layers, an electrochromic film, a controller, and a control device. The two adhesive layers may be disposed on inner surfaces of the two glass layers. The electrochromic film may be disposed between the two adhesive layers, the electrochromic film including an electrochromic material layer, a solid polymer electrolyte, and a charge storage layer. The controller may include a power converter, a signal receiver, and a power output. The power converter may be configured to receive power from a power source. The power source may include an energy storage integrated with the controller. The signal receiver may be configured to receive a control signal. The power output may be coupled to the electrochromic film and configured to provide power to the electrochromic film to control optical state of the electrochromic film. The control device may be configured to send the control signal to the signal receiver. The central control device may be configured to globally control optical states of all of the one or more electrochromic devices. 1. An electrochromic system , comprising: two glass layers;', 'two adhesive layers disposed on inner surfaces of the two glass layers;', 'an electrochromic film disposed between the two adhesive layers, the electrochromic film including an electrochromic material layer, a solid polymer electrolyte, and a charge storage layer;', 'a controller including a power converter, a signal receiver, and a power output, the power converter configured to receive power from a power source, the signal receiver configured to receive a control signal, and the power output coupled to the electrochromic film and configured to provide power to the electrochromic film to control optical state of the electrochromic film, wherein the power source ...

SECURITY EVENT DETECTION WITH SMART WINDOWS

Optically controllable windows and an associated window control system provide a building security platform. A window controller or other processing device can monitor for window breakage, cameras associated with windows can monitor for intruders, and transparent displays can provide alerts regarding detected activity within a building. A window control system can detect deviations from expected UV characteristics of an optically controllable window during normal operation of the window (tint transitions, steady state conditions, etc.) and/or during application of a security-related perturbing event, and provide alerts upon their occurrence. 1. A method of detecting a security-related event in an optically switchable window , the method comprising:(a) measuring a current or voltage of an optically switchable device of the optically switchable window without perturbing a process of driving a transition between optical states and/or maintaining an end optical state of the optically switchable window;(b) evaluating the current or voltage measured in (a) to determine whether the current or voltage measured in (a) indicates that the optically switchable window is broken or damaged; and(c) in response to detecting the response in (b), performing a security action.2. The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring the current or voltage of the optically switchable device is performed while the optically switchable window is undergoing the transition from a first tint state to a second tint state.3. The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring the current or voltage of the optically switchable device includes measuring an open circuit voltage of the optically switchable device.4. The method of claim 3 , wherein measuring the open circuit voltage of the optically switchable device is performed while the optically switchable window is undergoing the transition from a first tint state to a second tint state.5. The method of claim 1 , wherein evaluating the current or voltage measured ...

ARRAY SUBSTRATE, DISPLAY PANEL, AND DISPLAY DEVICE

This invention discloses an array substrate, a display panel and a display device. The array substrate comprises a plurality of scanning lines and a first data line which are intersecting with each other to define a plurality of pixel regions; the pixel region with at least two situations: a transparent display mode and a non-transparent display mode in the electric field. The present invention can achieve different status in different scenes of the display panel and enlarges the scope of use of the display panel. 1. A display panel comprising an array substrate , wherein the array substrate comprises:a plurality of scanning lines; anda plurality of first data lines, intersecting with the plurality of scanning lines to define a plurality of pixel regions;wherein the pixel region having at least two display situations under the action of an electric field, the two situations at least comprising transparent display mode and non-transparent display mode;wherein the pixel region comprises a first sub-pixel region comprising a light-emitting element for emitting light corresponding to the color of the display content, a second sub-pixel region comprising a color changing element for changing the light transmittance under the action of an electric field and cooperating with the light-emitting element to achieve a transparent display or a non-transparent display;wherein the color changing element is an oxidized state electrochromic device, which is transparent when the oxidation state electrochromic device is applied with a voltage, and to be opaque when the oxidized state electrochromic device is not applied with voltage.2. The display panel according to claim 1 , the first sub-pixel region of the display panel further comprising: a first thin film transistor and a second thin film transistor claim 1 , wherein a first terminal of the first thin film transistor being connected to the scanning line claim 1 , a second terminal of the first thin film transistor is connected ...

MEMORY DEVICE AND MATRIX PROCESSING UNIT UTILIZING THE MEMORY DEVICE

A matrix processing apparatus having a three-dimensional slice access memory and an input-/output block. The slice access memory includes cells organized into cell slices, each slice storing an entire selected data matrix. The three-dimensional slice access memory is configured to allow read/write access to the entire data matrix at the same time. The input/output block is connected to the three-dimensional slice access memory and is configured to format data into a format acceptable to the three-dimensional slice access memory. 1. A matrix processing apparatus , comprising:a three-dimensional slice access memory comprising a plurality of cells organized in a plurality of cell slices, each slice storing an entire selected data matrix, said three-dimensional slice access memory being configured to allow read/write access to said entire data matrix at the same time; andan input/output block connected to said three-dimensional slice access memory and configured to format data into a format acceptable to said three-dimensional slice access memory.2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising at least one matrix processing device configured to manipulate data in matrix form and at least one matrix data bus connecting said at least one matrix processing device to said three-dimensional slice access memory.3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said at least one matrix data bus comprises a plurality of channels claim 2 , and wherein a number of channels in said at least one matrix data bus corresponds to dimensions of said selected data matrix.4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said at least one matrix processing device is a vector-matrix multiplication device configured to multiply a matrix by a vector.5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said at least one matrix processing device is a matrix-matrix multiplication device configured to multiply a first matrix by a second matrix.6. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein said at least one matrix processing device is a ...

FORWARD VIEWING CAMERA CONFIGURED TO CONTROL OUTSIDE ELECTRO-OPTIC MIRROR

A system for controlling a dimming function of a display element of a host vehicle is disclosed. The system comprises a display element configured to provide a rearward view from the host vehicle and a sensor directed forward relative to the host vehicle. A controller is in communication with the sensor and the display element. The controller is configured to identify a taillight of a detected vehicle from data received from the sensor. Based on the data received from the sensor, the controller calculates a passing period for the host vehicle to pass the detected vehicle. Based on the passing period the controller adjusts a display property of the display element to limit a glare displayed by the display element. 1. A system for controlling a dimming function of a display element configured to provide a rearward view from a host vehicle , the system comprising:a sensor directed forward relative to the host vehicle; and identify a taillight of a detected vehicle from data received from the sensor;', 'calculate a passing period for the host vehicle to pass the detected vehicle based on a change in the data received from the sensor; and', 'adjust a display property of the display element based on the passing period to limit a glare displayed by the display element., 'a controller in communication with the sensor and the display element, wherein the controller is configured to2. The system according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises an image sensor.3. The system according to claim 2 , wherein the passing period is determined based on image data received from the image sensor by identifying at least one of a change in position of the taillight claim 2 , a change in size of the taillight claim 2 , and a change in proportion of the taillight in the image data.4. The system according to claim 3 , further comprising:a speed input configured to communicate a speed of the host vehicle with the controller.5. The system according to claim 4 , wherein controller utilizes ...

EXTERIOR MIRROR WITH HEATER PAD

A rearview mirror reflective element assembly includes a mirror reflective element, a heater pad, and a back plate. The heater pad includes a heater pad substrate having a plurality of electrically conductive traces established thereat, with the electrically conductive traces including (i) a heating trace that, when powered, heats the heater pad substrate and the mirror reflective element, and (ii) an accessory trace that, when powered, controls an accessory of the mirror reflective element assembly. The electrically conductive traces may include electro-optic control traces that, when electrically powered, darken the mirror reflective element. The heater pad is disposed between the mirror reflective element and the back plate. The accessory trace, when powered, controls a blind zone indicator that is disposed at the rear of the mirror reflective element and that is viewable, when powered, through the mirror reflective element. 1. A rearview mirror reflective element assembly for an exterior rearview mirror assembly suitable for use on a vehicle , said mirror reflective element assembly comprising:a mirror reflective element, wherein said mirror reflective element comprises an electro-optic mirror reflective element operable to vary its reflectivity of light responsive to an electrical voltage applied at said mirror reflective element;a heater pad comprising a heater pad substrate having a plurality of electrically conductive traces established thereat;wherein said electrically conductive traces comprise (i) a heating trace that, when powered, heats said heater pad substrate and said mirror reflective element, (ii) electro-optic control traces that, when electrically powered, darken said mirror reflective element, and (iii) an accessory trace that, when powered, controls an accessory of said mirror reflective element assembly;wherein said electrically conductive traces terminate at a connector region of said heater pad substrate;wherein said heater pad is disposed ...

Light control method for light control element

Provided is a light control method for a light control element which can be used even as a transmission-type one, has a high-quality mirror state enabling a high contrast ratio, and enables display in multiple colors. To this end, in this light control method for a light control element, with respect to a light control element comprising a pair of substrates, a pair of electrodes formed on opposed surfaces of the pair of substrates, and an electrolyte layer sandwiched between the pair of electrodes and including an electrochromic material containing silver and a mediator, the applied voltage to be applied between the pair of electrodes is changed in one light control period.

METHOD FOR CONTROL OF ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

A method for control of electrochromic devices is revealed. First a duty cycle of PWM is changed to a preset Q value according to a signal detected by a detector while the electrochromic device is switched to the colored state. The Q value represents electric charge that corresponds to colored-state transmittance. Then turn off the PWM. Thus the response time for coloration and the transmittance of the electrochromic device are maintained within a preset range, without being affected by ambient temperature, setting time and aging of the materials used. Thus the electrochromic device is more convenient to use and having more practical value. 1. A method for control of electrochromic devices comprising the steps of:changing a duty cycle of PWM to a preset Q value according to a signal detected by a detector while the electrochromic device is switched to colored state and the Q value represents electric charge corresponding to colored-state transmittance; andturning off the PWM;thereby response time for coloration and transmittance of the electrochromic device are maintained within a preset range.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the signal detected by the detector is selected from the group consisting of system temperature claim 1 , current magnitude claim 1 , and terminal voltage. 1. Fields of the inventionThe present invention relates to a method for control of electrochromic devices, especially to a method for control of electrochromic devices by which the response time for coloration and the transmittance of the electrochromic devices are maintained within a preset range without being affected by ambient temperature, setting time and aging of the materials used. Thus the electrochromic device is more convenient to use and having more practical value.2. Descriptions of Related ArtAlong with fast development of technology, various kinds of special materials have been invented. Electrochromic devices are devices that have the possibility to change their ...

ELECTRO-CHROMIC PANEL CAPABLE OF SELECTIVELY MAKING TRANSPARENT AREA AND REFLECTIVE AREA AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME, AND DISPLAY APPARATUS INCLUDING THE SAME AND METHOD OF OPERATING DISPLAY APPARATUS

An electro-chromic panel includes a detection layer, and an electro-chromic layer configured to switch an operational mode of a selected area according to a signal provided from the detection layer. A method of operating an electro-chromic panel includes detecting a first signal provided to a detection layer, and switching an operational mode of a first area of an electro-chromic layer according to the first signal provided from the detection layer. 1. An electro-chromic panel comprising:a detection layer; andan electro-chromic layer configured to switch an operational mode of a selected area according to a signal provided from the detection layer.2. The electro-chromic panel of claim 1 , wherein the detection layer includes a sensor configured to detect an externally provided signal.3. The electro-chromic panel of claim 1 , wherein the electro-chromic layer includes an array layer that is actively operated.4. The electro-chromic panel of claim 3 , wherein the array layer includesa transparent electrode, anda switching element connected to the transparent electrode.5. The electro-chromic panel of claim 3 , wherein the electro-chromic layer further comprises an ion storage layer claim 3 , an electrolyte layer claim 3 , a catalyst layer claim 3 , and an active layer sequentially stacked on the array layer.6. A method of operating an electro-chromic panel claim 3 , the method comprising:detecting a first signal provided to a detection layer; andswitching an operational mode of a first area of an electro-chromic layer according to the first signal provided from the detection layer.7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the detecting detects a first touch signal provided to the detection layer.8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the detecting detects an optical signal provided to the detection layer.9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the switching comprises:analyzing the first signal provided from the detection layer;selecting the first area to be mode switched from the ...

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT, METHOD OF DRIVING THE SAME, OPTICAL FILTER, LENS UNIT, IMAGE PICK-UP APPARATUS, AND WINDOW

Provided is an electrochromic element, including: a first electrode and a second electrode, at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode being transparent; a third electrode; and an electrolyte, an anodic organic electrochromic material, and a cathodic organic electrochromic material that are arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the third electrode is electrically connectable to at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode via the electrolyte, and in which the third electrode has an effective area that is larger than an effective area of the first electrode and an effective area of the second electrode. 1. An electrochromic element comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;an auxiliary electrode;an electrochromic material disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; anda switch,wherein the switch switches between applying a voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode and applying a voltage between the first electrode and the auxiliary electrode.2. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein an effective area of the auxiliary electrode is larger than an effective area of the first electrode and an effective area of the second electrode.3. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode is transparent.4. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the auxiliary electrode is arranged out of an optical path of light that passes through at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode.5. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the auxiliary electrode is arranged in at least a part of a periphery of one of the first electrode and the second electrode.6. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the auxiliary electrode comprises a porous electrode.7. The electrochromic element according to claim 1 , wherein the auxiliary electrode ...

Electro-optic drive system for vehicular mirror

A vehicular electrochromic rearview mirror assembly includes a base for attaching at a vehicle, a mirror casing at the base, and a mirror reflective element sub-assembly at the mirror casing and including an electrochromic (EC) cell and an EC driving circuit. The EC driving circuit includes a fixed voltage switching regulator for providing voltage to a power input of the EC cell, a drive transistor connected to an output of the fixed voltage switching regulator for switching the provided voltage on and off, a protection diode connected to the drive transistor and the EC cell, a bleach transistor connected to the power input of the EC cell and to ground, and a controller connected to the fixed voltage switching regulator, the drive transistor, and the bleach transistor. The controller controls the fixed voltage switching regulator, the drive transistor, and the bleach transistor to control the voltage provided to the EC cell.

DISPLAY DEVICE AND REAR-VIEW MIRROR MODULE INCLUDING THE SAME

A display device may comprise a transmittance control structure having a variable transmittance and a mirror type display panel disposed on a rear surface of the transmittance control structure. The mirror type display panel may comprise a substrate, a display member disposed on the substrate, the display member including a light emission region, a first transmission region, and a peripheral region surrounding the light emission region and the first transmission region, and a reflective member facing the substrate with respect to the display member, the reflective member including an opening region corresponding to the light emission region, a second transmission region corresponding to the first transmission region, and a reflective region surrounding the opening region and the second transmission region. 1. A display device , comprising:a display panel including a light emission region and a transmission region; anda sensor disposed on a rear surface of the display panel, the sensor corresponding to the transmission region,wherein the display panel comprises:a substrate;a first electrode disposed on the substrate in the light emission region;a pixel defining layer partially covering the first electrode and defining the light emission region;a second electrode facing the first electrode, the second electrode not being formed in the transmission region; andan organic light emitting layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.2. The display device of claim 1 , wherein a transmission window is defined by a sidewall of the second electrode and a top surface of the pixel defining layer.3. The display device of claim 1 , further comprising:a switching structure disposed between the substrate and the first electrode in the light emission region; andan insulation structure disposed on the substrate, the insulation structure covering the switching structure.4. The display device of claim 3 , wherein the pixel defining layer is not formed in the ...

DRIVING THIN FILM SWITCHABLE OPTICAL DEVICES

Controllers and control methods apply a drive voltage to bus bars of a thin film optically switchable device. The applied drive voltage is provided at a level that drives a transition over the entire surface of the optically switchable device but does not damage or degrade the device. This applied voltage produces an effective voltage at all locations on the face of the device that is within a bracketed range. The upper bound of this range is associated with a voltage safely below the level at which the device may experience damage or degradation impacting its performance in the short term or the long term. At the lower boundary of this range is an effective voltage at which the transition between optical states of the device occurs relatively rapidly. The level of voltage applied between the bus bars is significantly greater than the maximum value of the effective voltage within the bracketed range. 1. A controller for controlling an optical state of an optically switchable device , the controller comprising:circuitry for applying voltage or providing instructions to apply voltage between bus bars on the optically switchable device; and applying a ramp function to the voltage applied to the bus bars to drive the optically switchable device until one or more regions of the optically switchable device achieves a predetermined voltage;', (a) reducing the voltage applied to the bus bars to generate a reduced magnitude voltage; and', '(b) reducing a current delivered to the optically switchable device, wherein a profile of the current as a function of time is shaped in accordance with a profile of the reduced magnitude voltage applied to the optically switchable device., 'after the one or more regions of the optically switchable device achieves the predetermined voltage,'}], 'a processing component configured to cause2. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the reduced magnitude voltage comprises a value of about 1 V or less.3. The controller of claim 1 , wherein the ...

ELECTROCHROMIC ELEMENT AND ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

In the electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present application, when the first voltage is applied to the electrochromic device in a state that the electrochromic element has the first state, the electrochromic device becomes the second state, and when the first voltage is applied to the electrochromic element in a state that the electrochromic element has the fourth state, the electrochromic element becomes the third state. 1. An electrochromic element comprising:a first electrode;a second electrode;an electrochromic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; andan ion transport storage layer disposed between the second electrode and the electrochromic layer such that the ion transport storage layer is in contact with a lower surface of the electrochromic layer and an upper surface of the second electrode;wherein when a first potential difference is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrochromic element is configured to have a first optical state in response to the electrochromic layer receiving at least one electron from the first electrode and at least one ion from the ion transport storage layer, and when a second potential difference is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electrochromic element is configured to have a second optical state in response to the ion transport storage layer receiving at least one electron from the second electrode and at least one ion from the electrochromic layer,wherein a physical structure of the ion transport storage layer is continuous, and wherein the physical structure of the ion transport storage layer and a physical structure of the electrochromic layer are discontinuous with respect to a boundary thereof.2. The electrochromic element of claim 1 ,wherein the ion transport storage layer comprises a first ion region and a second ion region divided by a first imaginary line, the first imaginary line is set in the ion ...

CONTROLLERS FOR OPTICALLY-SWITCHABLE DEVICES

This disclosure relates generally to optically-switchable devices, and more particularly, to systems, apparatus, and methods for controlling optically-switchable devices. In some implementations, an apparatus for controlling one or more optically-switchable devices includes a processing unit, a voltage regulator and a polarity switch. The processing unit can generate: a command voltage signal based on a target optical state of an optically-switchable device, and a polarity control signal. The voltage regulator can receive power at a first voltage and increase or decrease a magnitude of the first voltage based on the command voltage signal to provide a DC voltage signal at a regulated voltage. A polarity switch can receive the DC voltage signal at the regulated voltage to maintain or reverse a polarity of the DC voltage signal based on the polarity control signal. The polarity switch can output the DC voltage signal at the regulated voltage and at the polarity based on the polarity control signal to power the optically-switchable device. In some other implementations, the apparatus includes a processing unit, an energy storage device, and first and second voltage regulators. 1. An apparatus for controlling one or more optically-switchable devices , the apparatus comprising:a processing unit configured to generate a command voltage signal based on a target optical state of an optically-switchable device, the processing unit being further configured to generate a polarity control signal;a voltage regulator configured to receive power at a first voltage, and to increase or decrease a magnitude of the first voltage based on the command voltage signal to provide a DC voltage signal at a regulated voltage; anda polarity switch configured to receive the DC voltage signal at the regulated voltage, to maintain or reverse a polarity of the DC voltage signal based on the polarity control signal, and to output the DC voltage signal at the regulated voltage and at the polarity ...

CONTROLLING TRANSITIONS IN OPTICALLY SWITCHABLE DEVICES

Aspects of this disclosure concern controllers and control methods for applying a drive voltage to bus bars of optically switchable devices such as electrochromic devices. Such devices are often provided on windows such as architectural glass. In certain embodiments, the applied drive voltage is controlled in a manner that efficiently drives an optical transition over the entire surface of the electrochromic device. The drive voltage is controlled to account for differences in effective voltage experienced in regions between the bus bars and regions proximate the bus bars. Regions near the bus bars experience the highest effective voltage. In some cases, feedback may be used to monitor an optical transition. In these or other cases, a group of optically switchable devices may transition together over a particular duration to achieve approximately uniform tint states over time during the transition. 1. (canceled)2. A method of transitioning a group of optically switchable devices , the method comprising:(a) receiving a command to transition the group of optically switchable devices to an ending optical state, wherein the group comprises a slowest optically switchable device and a faster optically switchable device, wherein the slowest optically switchable device and the faster optically switchable device are different sizes and/or have different switching properties;(b) transitioning the slowest optically switchable device to the ending optical state; and(c) during (b), transitioning the faster optically switchable device to the ending optical state with one or more pauses during transition, wherein the one or more pauses have a timing and duration that result in approximately matching an optical state of the faster optically switchable device with an optical state of the slowest optically switchable device during (b).3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more pauses includes at least two pauses.4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the time and/or duration of ...

ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICE

An electrochromic device includes: a first electrode which transmits light; a second electrode disposed opposite the first electrode; an electrolyte located between the first electrode and the second electrode, and containing metal depositable on one of the first electrode and the second electrode, according to a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode; a driver which applies a predetermined potential to a target electrode which is at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; and a controller which changes a potential application portion of the target electrode to which the predetermined potential is applied, in a potential application period during which the predetermined potential is applied. 1. An electrochromic device , comprising:a first electrode which transmits light;a second electrode disposed opposite the first electrode;an electrolyte located between the first electrode and the second electrode, and containing metal depositable on one of the first electrode and the second electrode, according to a potential difference between the first electrode and the second electrode;a driver which applies a predetermined potential to a target electrode which is at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode; anda controller which changes a potential application portion of the target electrode to which the predetermined potential is applied, in a potential application period during which the predetermined potential is applied.2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1 , whereinthe target electrode includes terminal portions along a periphery in a plan view, the terminal portions being portions to which the predetermined potential is applicable, andthe controller changes the potential application portion from a first terminal portion to which the predetermined potential is being applied to a second terminal portion different from the first terminal portion, the first terminal portion and the second ...

Vehicle-Window-Transmittance-Control Apparatus And Method

A vehicle is disclosed that includes systems for adjusting the transmittance of one or more windows of the vehicle. The vehicle may include a camera outputting images taken of an occupant within the vehicle. The vehicle may also include an artificial neural network running on computer hardware carried on-board the vehicle. The artificial neural network may be trained to classify the occupant of the vehicle using the images captured by the camera as input. The vehicle may further include a controller controlling transmittance of the one or more windows based on classifications made by the artificial neural network. For example, if the artificial neural network classifies the occupant as squinting or shading his or her eyes with a hand, the controller may reduce the transmittance of a windshield, side window, or some combination thereof 1. A system comprising:a vehicle having a window with variable transmittance;a camera secured to the vehicle and outputting image data corresponding to one or more images taken of an occupant within the vehicle;an artificial neural network running on hardware carried onboard the vehicle; generating an affinity score for each of a plurality of classes of occupant configuration using the image data as an input, each of the plurality of classes corresponding to a different occupant perception of radiant flux, and', 'selecting, from among the plurality of classes, a class of occupant configuration associated with the occupant based on an affinity score for the class of occupant configuration satisfying at least one threshold;, "the artificial neural network classifying, based on the image data, the occupant's perception of radiant flux transmitted through the window, the classifying comprising"}at least one controller carried onboard the vehicle; andthe at least one controller changing the transmittance of the window based on the occupant perception of radiant flux corresponding to the selected class of occupant configuration.2. The system ...

PRODUCT AND PACKAGE INCLUDING POWER PRODUCER AND OUTPUT MECHANISM, AND RELATED METHOD

A product including a package is provided. One or more tobacco-containing articles may be received in the package. A power producer may be configured to produce an electrical current. An output mechanism may be configured to receive the electrical current from the power producer and output a perceptible effect. The perceptible effect may, for example, increase a consumer's interest in the product. A related method is also provided. 1. A product , comprising: a power producer configured to produce an electrical current; and', 'an output mechanism configured to receive the electrical current from the power producer and output a perceptible effect; and, 'a package, comprisingone or more tobacco-containing articles received in the package.2. The product of claim 1 , wherein the package further comprises a first body portion defining an opening and a second body portion moveable with respect to the first body portion between a closed configuration in which the first body portion substantially closes the opening and an open configuration claim 1 ,wherein the one or more tobacco-containing articles are received in the first body portion and accessible via the opening in the open configuration.3. The product of claim 2 , wherein the output mechanism is configured to output the perceptible effect in response to movement of the second body portion relative to the first body portion.4. The product of claim 3 , wherein the power producer comprises a plurality of films claim 3 , and wherein movement between the films produces the electrical current.5. The product of claim 1 , wherein the power producer comprises an inductive coil.6. The product of claim 5 , wherein the output mechanism comprises a light emitting diode and wherein the light emitting diode is included in a rectifier circuit configured to convert the electric current from an alternating current to a direct current.7. The product of claim 5 , wherein the package further comprises a communicator electrically coupled ...

ELECTROCHEMICAL MIRROR SYSTEM AND METHOD

A system and method of operating an electrochemical mirror for reversibly controlling the propagation of electromagnetic radiation. The mirror preferably includes a first electrode transmissive substrate which is substantially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation, a second electrode, and an electrolyte containing metal ions between the pair of electrodes. A first cathodic potential is applied across the electrodes to cause the metal ions from the electrolyte to electrodeposit a mirror film on the first electrode transmissive substrate. A second anodic potential is applied across the electrodes to oxidize and strip the metallic mirror film from the first electrode transmissive electrode. After a plurality of deposition and stripping cycles, a cleaning cycle is initiated to remove undissolved reflective material on the first electrode preferably by applying a third potential across the first and second electrodes which is increased to a fourth potential and then decreased back to the third potential. 1. A method of operating an electrochemical mirror for reversibly controlling the propagation of electromagnetic radiation , the mirror including a first electrode transmissive substrate which is substantially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation , a second electrode , and an electrolyte containing metal ions between the pair of electrodes , the method comprising:applying a first cathodic potential across the electrodes to cause the metal ions from the electrolyte to electrodeposit a mirror film on the first electrode transmissive substrate;applying a second anodic potential across the electrodes to oxidize and strip the metallic mirror film from the first electrode transmissive electrode; andafter a plurality of deposition and stripping cycles, initiating a cleaning cycle to remove undissolved reflective material on said first electrode.2. The method of in which said cleaning cycle includes applying to the electrodes multi-cyclic voltammetry.3. The method ...

SELF-CONTAINED EC IGU

Onboard EC window controllers are described. The controllers are configured in close proximity to the EC window, for example, within the IGU. The controller may be part of a window assembly, which includes an IGU having one or more EC panes, and thus does not have to be matched with the EC window, and installed, in the field. The window controllers described herein have a number of advantages because they are matched to the IGU containing one or more EC devices and their proximity to the EC panes of the window overcomes a number of problems associated with conventional controller configurations. Also described are self-meshing networks for electrochromic windows. 1. A system comprising:an electrochromic window having at least one electrochromic pane;a window controller configured to control said at least one electrochromic pane;one or more sensors; and 'the one or more sensors are configured to detect one or more of light levels, occupancy, motion, temperature, electromagnetic emissions in an interior space of a building and global positioning information.', 'a window frame, the window frame being configured to support the at least one electrochromic pane and house the one or more sensors; wherein2. The system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the one or more sensors is configured so as not to protrude from the window frame.3. The system of claim 1 , further comprising one or more receivers claim 1 , transmitters claim 1 , electrical connections claim 1 , and cellular repeaters.4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the window controller comprises a chip claim 1 , a card or a board claim 1 , each including a logic circuit.5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the window controller comprises a field programmable gate array.6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the electrochromic window is provided in an insulated glass unit (IGU) claim 1 , the IGU comprising at least one additional pane and a sealing separator between said at least one additional pane and the electrochromic ...

HEAD MOUNTED DISPLAY

A head mounted display includes a first display element and a second display element that emit light to a second portion. A first portion includes a first opening and a second opening separating from the first opening. The second portion includes a first optical element portion facing the first opening in a first direction and a second optical element portion facing the second opening in the first direction. Each of the first optical element portion and the second optical element portion of the second portion includes a reflection portion reflecting light emitted from the first display element or the second display element and a light-transmittance adjustment portion controlling a transmittance of external light travelling from the second portion toward the first portion on the basis of a signal that is output from a light-transmittance control circuit. The reflection portion is arranged between the light-transmittance adjustment portion and the first portion. 1. A head mounted display comprising:a first portion configured to cover periphery of eyes of a viewer;a second portion separating from the first portion and facing the first portion; anda first display element and a second display element configured to emit light to the second portion on a basis of an image signal,wherein the first portion includes a first opening and a second opening that separates from the first opening,the second portion includes a first optical element portion that faces the first opening in a first direction and a second optical element portion that faces the second opening in the first direction, a reflection portion configured to reflect light emitted from the first display element or the second display element; and', 'a light-transmittance adjustment portion configured to control a transmittance of external light travelling from the second portion toward the first portion on a basis of a signal that is output from a light-transmittance control circuit, and, 'each of the first optical ...

DYNAMIC DESK ACCESSORY DELIVERING ON-DEMAND PRIVACY ON AN OPEN WORK TABLE

A privacy accessory includes a base having a body portion; a retention portion defining a retention edge for releasably securing the base to a work surface; a plurality of frame members secured to the base, each frame member having a first side portion pivotably secured to the base and a second side portion pivotably secured to the base, each of the plurality of frame members telescopically received with an adjacent one of the plurality of frame members in a series that graduate from a smallest one to a largest one, the frame members being sequentially deployable to a first, expanded state by pulling on the largest one and sequentially folded to a second, collapsed state by pushing on the largest one of the plurality of frame members. 1. A privacy accessory comprising: a body portion that defines a bottom surface for resting on a work surface;', 'a plurality of frame members secured to the base, each frame member having a first side portion pivotably secured to the first side of the base and a second side portion pivotably secured to the second side of the base, each of the plurality of frame members telescopically received with an adjacent one of the plurality of frame members in a series of frame members that graduate from a smallest of the plurality of frame members to a largest of the plurality of frame members, the plurality of frame members being sequentially deployable to a first, expanded state by pulling on the largest of the plurality of frame members and sequentially folded to a second, collapsed state by pushing on the largest of the plurality of frame members., 'a base configured to rest on a work surface, the base defining a first side, a second side opposite the first side, a top, and a bottom, the base including2. The privacy accessory of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of frame members consists of from three and twenty frame members.3. The privacy accessory of claim 1 , wherein the retention portion includes a downwardly projecting stop defining the ...

DISPLAY PANEL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, AND DISPLAY DEVICE

The present invention provides a display panel and a manufacturing method thereof and a display device, the display panel comprises an array substrate and an opposite substrate, the display panel further comprises: an electrochromic structure provided on the array substrate or the opposite substrate, which is used to absorb leakage light of the display panel when the display panel is in a dark state. When the display panel is in a bright state, the electrochromic structure exhibits a transparent state, and when the display panel is in a dark state, the electrochromic structure exhibits a coloring state, the electrochromic structure exhibiting the coloring state may absorb light, so that the leakage light of the display panel in the dark state may be reduced to a largest extent, thus the smallest brightness of the display panel is decreased, therefore, the contrast of the display panel is effectively increased. 19-. (canceled)10. A display panel comprising an array substrate and an opposite substrate , wherein the display panel further comprises an electrochromic structure provided on the array substrate or the opposite substrate , and the electrochromic structure is used to absorb leakage light of the display panel when the display panel is in a dark state.11. The display panel of claim 10 , wherein the opposite substrate comprises a first base substrate and a color filter claim 10 , and the color filter is formed on the first base substrate claim 10 , and wherein when the electrochromic structure is on the opposite substrate claim 10 , the electrochromic structure is formed on the color filter.12. The display panel of claim 11 , wherein the opposite substrate further comprises: a planarization layer formed between the electrochromic structure and the color filter.13. The display panel of claim 11 , wherein the electrochromic structure comprises multiple electrochromic subunits;the color filter comprises color matrix patterns and black matrixes, wherein the black ...

ELECTRO-OPTIC SYSTEM CONFIGURED TO REDUCE A PERCEIVED COLOR CHANGE

An electro-optic system is provided that includes a front element having first and second surfaces, a rear element including third and fourth surfaces, wherein the front and rear elements are sealably bonded together in a spaced-apart relationship to define a chamber, and an electro-optic medium contained in the chamber, and the electro-optic medium is adapted to be in at least a high transmittance state and a low transmittance state. The electro-optic system further includes a display device in optical communication with the electro-optic element, the display device including at least one light source and is configured to emit at least a first primary and a second primary, the first and second primaries each having a first hue (h) when viewed through the electro-optic element in approximately the high transmittance state and a second hue (h′) when viewed through the electro-optic element in approximately the low transmittance state, wherein a change in the first and second hues (Δh) for both first and second primaries is less than approximately 31 degrees. 1. An electrochromic system comprising: a front element comprising first and second surfaces;', 'a transparent electrode on said second surface;', 'a rear element comprising third and fourth surfaces, wherein said front and rear elements are sealably bonded together in a spaced-apart relationship to define a chamber, such that said second surface and said third surface face one another; and', 'an electrochromic medium contained in said chamber, wherein said electrochromic medium is adapted to be in at least a high transmittance state and a low transmittance state,, 'an electrochromic element comprising{'sub': ab', 'ab', 'ab, 'wherein light passing through said electrochromic element has at least a first primary and a second primary, and said first and said second primaries each have a first hue (h) when passing through said electrochromic medium in said high transmittance state and a second hue (h′) when passing ...

Symbol Verification for an Intelligent Label Device

Briefly, a method for verifying the visual perceptibility of a display is provided. An intended message is written to a bistable display. Pixels that comprise portions of the message are measured and evaluated to determine if the message actually displayed on the bistable display was perceptible by a human or a machine. In some cases, information regarding the message actually perceivable from the display may be stored for later use. Responsive to determining that a message is perceivable or not perceivable, alarms may be set, one or more third parties notified, or additional display features may be set. 1. A method for verifying the visual perceptibility of a message on an indicator , comprising:providing an intended message from a memory;activating a set of message pixels in the indicator that are intended, when activated, to present the message on the indicator;detecting the state of a set of detection pixels;evaluating the states of the set of detection pixels;determining whether or not the indicator was operating to perceptively display the intended message at the time the detection pixels were detected.2. (canceled)3. The method according to wherein the indicator is a bistable indicator.4. (canceled)5. The method according to wherein the set of detection pixels includes pixels that are not message pixels.6. (canceled)7. (canceled)8. The method according to wherein the determining step further comprises determining that a particular detected pixel is operating at a contrast level claim 1 , as compared to surrounding pixels claim 1 , that is unlikely to be contributing to the perceptibility of the message.9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the determining step further includes determining if the contrast level for the particular pixel causes an ambiguity to the message.10. The method according to claim 1 , further including collecting time information that is related to the time when the state of pixels was detected.11. The method according to claim 10 ...

Electrochromic device and method of driving the same, lens unit, image pickup apparatus, and window member

An electrochromic device including an electrochromic element with a complementary electrochromic layer containing an anodic organic electrochromic material and a cathodic organic electrochromic material, an optical density detection unit to detect the optical density of the electrochromic element, a temperature detection unit to detect the temperature of the electrochromic element, and a voltage supply unit to supply a drive voltage to the electrochromic element, the voltage supply unit being configured to apply a voltage of an opposite polarity to the electrochromic element based on the optical density of the electrochromic element detected by the optical density detection unit, and/or the temperature of the electrochromic element detected by the temperature detection unit, when the electrochromic element is to be decolored from a current optical density to a next target optical density.

VARIABLE TRANSMITTANCE OPTICAL FILTER AND USES THEREOF

Variable transmittance optical filters capable of transitioning from a light state to a dark state on exposure to UV radiation and from a dark state to a light state with application of an electric voltage are provided. The optical filters comprise a switching material that comprises one or more chromophores that have electrochromic and photochromic properties. 118.-. (canceled)19. An apparatus comprising:a switchable optical filter capable of transitioning between a light state and a dark state, wherein a light transmittance of the optical filter is greater in the light state than a light transmittance of the optical filter in the dark state, and wherein the optical filter comprises:first and second transparent substrates;first and second electrodes disposed on at least one of the first and second substrates; anda switching material disposed between the first and second substrates and in contact with the first and second electrodes,wherein a haze transmission of the optical filter is 10% or less.20. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the haze transmission of the optical filter is about 5% or less.21. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the optical filter has at least one intermediate state between the light state and the dark state claim 19 , wherein a light transmittance of the optical filter is:greater in the light state than in the at least one intermediate state; andlower in the dark state than in the at least one intermediate state, andwherein an optical clarity of the optical filter is constant for the light state, the a least one intermediate state, and the dark state.22. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein an optical clarity of the optical filter is constant for all states of the optical filter between the light state and the dark state.23. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the optical filter is capable of transitioning from the light state to the dark state in response to exposure to sunlight.24. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the optical filter is ...