(CO) POLYMERS ON BASIS OF VINYL UNITS AND YOUR USE IN ELEKTROLUMINESZIERENDEN ARRANGEMENTS

.12169711 (Co)polvmers based on vinvl units and use thereof in electroluminescent devices Light-emitting components for electronics and photonics are today mainly developed using inorganic semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide. Punctual display elements may be produced using such substances. Devices of a large area are not possible. In addition to semiconductor light emitting diodes, electroluminescent devices based on vapour-deposited low molecular weight organic compounds are also known (US-P 4 539 507, US-P 4 769 262, US-P 5 077 142, EP-A 406 762). With these materials too, as a consequence of the production process, it is only possible to produce small LEDs. Furthermore, these electroluminescent devices have elevated production costs and only a very short service life. Polymers such as poly(p-phenylenes) and poly(p-phenylene-vinylenes) are described as electroluminescent: Adv. Mater. 4 (1992) no. 1; J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Commun. 1992, pages 32-34; Polymer, 1990, volume 31, 1137; Physical Review B, volume 42, no. 18, 11670 or WO 90/13148. In contrast to the fully conjugated polymers, non fully conjugated polycondensation products with luminescent structural units are described in electroluminescent devices (Macromoi. Chem. Phys. 195, 2023-2037 (1994)). The present invention provides polymers for the production of electroluminescent devices, which polymers are based on a well known basic structure, such as polystyrene and polyacrylate, with covalendy bonded luminophoric units in the side chains. Due to their simple production process and ready processability, such polymers are of great technical interest with regard to use as electroluminescent materials. Electroluminescent devices containing these (co)polymers are distinguished by elevated light intensities and a broad range of colour hues. The advantages of the (co)polymers according to the invention are, for example, that 1. light intensity may purposefully be modified by varying the concentration of luminophore. Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries -2 colour hues may be adjusted by combining different monomers containing luminophores, 3. the morphology and electrical properties of the polymer layers may be optimised by the incorporation of suitable side chain units. The present invention relates to (co)polymers which contain at least one repeat chain unit of the general formula (1) or (2) and optionally contain repeat units of the general formula (3) FT i -Cl-L-C 2 I CH,—C- 2 I M (D (2) (3) in which R1, R2 and R3 mutually independently mean hydrogen or Cj-Cg alkyl, M denotes CN or Cj-CgQ alkoxycarbonyl, C--C (di)alkyl-aminocarbonyl, C1-C30 alkylcarbonyl, which may each be substituted by hydroxy or Cj-Cg alkoxycarbonyl, and furthermore denotes phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, pyridyl or carbazolyl, which may each be substituted by residues from the group halogen, hydroxy, silyl, C1-C30 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C1-C30 alkoxy, C1-C30 alkoxycarbonyl, C-Cgo acyloxy and Cj-q alkylcarbonyl, L and L mean a photoluminescent residue, wherein the proportion of structural units of the formula (3) is 0 to 99.5, preferably 40 to 99.5 mol.% and the proportion of structural units (1) and/or (2) is in each case 0.5 to 100, preferably 0.5 to 60 mol.% and the molar proportions add up to 100%. Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries ,2169/11 In the above-stated formulae, R1, R2 and R3 mutually independently preferably mean hydrogen, methyl or ethyl. M preferably denotes CN or Cj-C alkoxycarbonyl, CrC15 (di)alkylamino- carbonyl, Cj-C alkylcarbonyl, which may each be substituted by hydroxy or methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n- or iso-propoxycarbonyl, and furthermore denotes phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, pyridyl or carbazolyl, which may each be substituted by residues from the group chlorine, bromine, hydroxy, silyl, Cj-Cg alkyl, Cj-Cg alkoxy, CrC6 alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C6 acyloxy and Cj-Cg alkyl¬ carbonyl, phenyl optionally substituted by methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl. L and L mutually independently denote a photoluminescent residue which is based on the skeleton of a fluorescent dye which is selected from the group of coumarins of the formula (4) pyrenes of the formula (5) (4), ?io"h' 1,8-naphthalimides of the formula (6) (5), Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries -4 ON-O (6), >12 l,8-naphthaloylene-r,2'-benzimidazoles of the formulae (7a) and (7b) ,13 I on'n ,14 ,15 R (7b) phenothiazines or phenoxazines of the formula (8) (8), with X1 = O or S, benzopyrones of the formula (9) O R I -4 O (9), carbazoles, fluorenes, dibenzothiophenes and -furans of the formula (10) Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries '-2169711 - *21 ,22 (10), with X2 = NR23, CH2, S or 0, wherein R23 denotes hydrogen or CrC6 alkyl, preferably hydrogen or CJ-C4 alkyl, oxazoles, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles of the formula (11) (11), with X3 = CH or N benzoquinolines of the formula (12) (12), 9,10-bis-(phenylethynyl)anthracenes of the formula (13) (13), fluorones of the formula (14) (14), Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries -6 9,10-diphenylanthracene of the formula (15) (15), 2-styrylbenzazole of the formula (16) R N | ,— CH=CH- X R ,37 with X4 = O, S, Se or CH2, wherein R R0 (16), R4 denotes hydrogen, Cq alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, Cj- aralkyl or CpC alkoxy or — [vj wherein >43 )44 R and R mutually independently denote hydrogen, C,,, alkyl, C6-C 6"18 aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl, which may each be substituted by hydroxy, amino, carboxy or C,- alkoxycarbonyl, or R and R44, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, may mean a morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine or piperazine ring, which may bear one or two substituents from the group methyl, ethyl and phenyl. Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries R5 denotes hydrogen, cyano, C, alkyl, C6-C]8 aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl, CrC3() alkoxy, C2-C12 acyl, CrC]2 alkoxycarbonyl, Cj-C (di)alkylamino- carbonyl, R6 denotes hydrogen, cyano, C, alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl, CrC30 alkoxy or II —c—z wherein Z denotes a group OR45 or N and XR47 R45, R46 and R47 mutually independently denote CrC30 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl or C7-C24 aralkyl, wherein the aromatic rings may additionally be further substituted by halogen, CrC6 alkyl, CrC6 alkoxy, R , R8 and R9 mutually independently mean hydrogen, CrC30 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl, CrC30 alkoxy, cyano, C2-C]2 acyl, Cx-Cu alkoxycarbonyl, CrC12 (di)alkyl-aminocarbonyl or an amino group with one or two CrC6 alkyl groups, R10 means hydrogen, cyano, Cjp alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl, CrC30 alkoxy, amino, C2-C12 acyl, CrC12 alkoxycarbonyl, CrC12 (di)alkylamino- carbonyl, an amino group with one or two CL-C, alkyl groups, R" denotes hydrogen, halogen, nitro, C,- alkoxycarbonyl, CrC4 acyl, C8"C24 aralkenyl, unsubstituted amino, or amino identically or differently mono- or disubstituted by CrC30 alkyl, C6-Clg aryl or C7-C24 aralkyl, R furthermore denotes morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperazinyl, which may bear one or two substituents selected from methyl, ethyl and/or phenyl, R12 denotes hydrogen, CrC20 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl or Cq alkoxy, Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries 2-169711 R13 denotes hydrogen, qQ alkyl, C6-C18 aiyl, C7-C24 aralkyl, CX-C3Q alkoxy or N wherein XR50 R49 and R50 mutually independently denote CrC30 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl or R49 and R50, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, moreover denote a morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperazinyl, which may bear one or two identical or different substituents selected from methyl, ethyl and phenyl, R14 and R15 mutually independently mean hydrogen, cyano, halogen, nitro, C1-C30 alkyl, Cj-o alkoxy, C6-Ci8 aryl or C7-C24 aralkyl, Cj-C alkoxy- carbonyl, C2-Cu acyl, CrC12 (di)alkylaminocarbonyl, CpCg (di)alkyl- amino, R17 and R23 mutually independently mean hydrogen, CrCiQ alkyl, C6-Cn aryl or C7-C24 aralkyl and R , R to R and R24 to R40 mutually independently mean hydrogen, cyano, rso alkyl, C6-Clg aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl, Cjq alkoxy, an amino group with one or two CrC6 alkyl groups, unsubstituted amino, C2-C12 acyl, Cj-C alkoxycarbonyl or Cj-C (di)alkylaminocarbonyl, wherein the ali- phatic carbon chains, such as, for example, alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, aralkyl, in the residues R4 to R13, R16 to R40 may be interrupted by one or more, preferably one or two heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur and/or by one or more, preferably one or two, phenylene rings, which may be substituted by CrC4 alkyl and/or halogen, and wherein furthermore the luminophore is attached to the polymer side chains via an oxygen, a hydroxy or carboxy group or a nitrogen of an amino or primary amino on the above-stated substituents. Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries ni / n i i L ! 6 1 i ! I In the above-stated residues R4 to R40, at least one aliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic carbon chain per fluorescent dye bears at least one hydroxy, carboxy or optionally an amino group, preferably hydroxy, by means of which the covalent bond to the monomer is formed by the reaction of these groups with a reactive group (for example halogen) located on the monomer, cf. production process. In the case of monomer (1), this attachment site is the methylene group on the phenyl ring (-CH2-C1 reacts). In the case of monomer (2), the attachment site is the carbonyl group (via -CO-C1). M in particular denotes phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, pyridyl or carbazolyl, which may each be substituted by hydroxy, silyl, CpQ alkyl, optionally by phenyl substituted by methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, by CrC4 alkoxy, CpCg alkoxy- carbonyl, Cj-Cg acyloxy or Cj-Cg alkylcarbonyl. L and L in particular mutually independently denote a fluorescent dye residue selected from the group of coumarins of the formula (4), pyrenes of the formula (5), 1,8-naphthalimides of the formula (6), l.S-naphthaloylene-l''-benzimidazoles of the formula (7), phenothiazines or phenoxazines of the formula (8), carbazoles and fluorenes of the formula (10). R4 preferably presents Cj-C alkyl, C6-C]0 aryl or CrC6 alkoxy or — N , wherein \R44 R43 and R44 preferably independently represent C1-C5 alkyl, C6-C10 aryl which may each be substituted by hydroxy and/or amino or R43 and R44 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached may mean a morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine or piperazine ring which may bear one or two substituents from the group methyl, ethyl and phenyl. R5 preferably denotes hydrogen or cyano, Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries ?]yf]] R6 preferably denotes hydrogen, CrC6 alkyl, C6-C10 aryl oder CrC6 alkoxy or —c—z > wherein Z denotes a group OR45 or .R46 XR47 D45 D46 „„ A d47 * j—rt—i «*-. 4-1 W T . and R , R 0 and R4/ independently preferably represent CrC6 alkyl or C6-C10 aryl, in particular phenyl or naphthyl, R7, R8 and R9 independently preferably represent hydrogen, CpQ alkyl, C6-C10 aryl, Cj-Cg alkoxy or cyano, R10 preferably denotes hydrogen,cyano, q-Cg alkyl, C6-C10 aryl, in particular phenyl or naphthyl, C2-C4 acyl oder Cl-C6 alkoxycarbonyl, R11 preferably denotes hydrogen, halogen, nitro, CrC4,alkoxycarbonyl, CrC4 acyl, Cg-C24 aralkenyl or amino identically or differently mono- or disub- stituted by Cl-C6 alkyl, C6-C10 aryl, in particular phenyl or naphthyl , R furthermore denotes morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperazinyl which may bear one or two substituents selected from methyl, ethyl or phenyl, R12 preferably denotes CrC6 alkyl, C6-C10 aryl, in particular phenyl or naphthyl, or C7-C12 aralkyl. R13 preferably denotes hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, C6-C10 aryl, in particular phenyl or naphthyl, or CrC6 al koxy or Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries ni / o "7 1 1 L \ 0 7 / I I —N , wherein \r5o R49 and R50 independently preferably denote CrC6 alkyl, C6-C10 aryl, in particular phenyl or naphthyl, or R und R 0 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, moreover denote a morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or pipera- zinyl, which may bear one or two identical or different substituents selected from methyl, ethyl and phenyl, R and R independently preferably represent hydrogen, cyano, halogen, nitro, Cj-Cg alkyl, CrC6 alkoxy, C6-C10 aryl, in particular phenyl or naphthyl, R and R independently preferably represent hydrogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, C6-C10 aryl. R16, R18 to R22 and R24 to R40 independently preferably represent hydrogen, cyano, CrC6 alkyl, C6-C]0 aryl, Cj-Cg alkoxy, amino substituted by one or two Cj-Cg alkyl groups, unsubstituted amino, wherein the aliphatic carbon chains such as e.g. alkyl, alkoxy, Alkylamino, aralkyl, in the residues of R4 to R13, R16 to R40 may be interrupted by a hetero- atom, selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur and/or a phenyl ring. Alkyl residues, for example, in alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl or (di)alkylamino are exemplified by methyl, ethyl, n- or iso-propyl, n-, iso- or tert.-butyl. Aryl represents in particular phenyl and naphthyl. Aralkyl represents in particular phenyl-Cj-Qj-alkyl, z.B. phenylmethyl, phenylethyl or naphthyl-C1-C4-alkyl, e.g. naphthylmethyl, naphthylethyl. The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the production of the above-stated (co)polymers which contain at least one repeat chain unit of the general formula (1) or (2) and optionally repeat units of the general formula (3), Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries - 12 I —CH2-C- .-L' CH, RJ I -CH9— C- 2 I M (D (2) (3) wherein the residues have the above-stated meanings, wherein the corresponding monomers of the formula (20) or (21) are produced R1 R' H2C=:C H,C = C I CK, (20) (21) from a fluorescent dye functionalised with an OH, COOH or NH group, which dye contains the structure of L, and a styrene or acrylic acid derivative of the formulae (22) and (23) R' R' H2C = C H,C=C I 0 XR CH, R" (22) (23) in which Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries 216971 ] 1 "? R and R have the above-stated range of meaning and R41 denotes a halogen atom, preferably CI or Br, R42 denotes a halogen atom, preferably CI or Br, a hydroxy or CpCg alkoxy group, in the presence of a base, preferably triethylamine, pyridine or an alkali metal alkoxide and these monomers are then polymerised, optionally in the presence of units of the formula (3) as comonomers. The reaction of the fluorescent dyes functionalised with an OH, carboxyl or NH group generally proceeds at temperatures of -30oC to 100oC, preferably from 0oC to 60oC. Polymerisation processes are described in the literature. They may proceed by ionic or free-radical polymerisation. Anionic polymerisation may, for example, be initiated by initiators such as butyllithium or lithiumnapthalide. Free-radical polymerisation may be initiated by, for example, free-radical initiators, such as for example azo initiators or peroxides, preferably AIBN (azoisobutyro-nitrile) or dibenzoyl peroxide. The polymers may be produced using bulk methods or in suitable solvents such as benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethyl acetate, xylene, chlorobenzene, l-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, chlorinated hydrocarbons, acetone etc., at temperatures of 20-250oC. Production of the (co)polymers according to the invention is illustrated by way of example by the following reaction scheme: o 0 o, o(CH2)6a U 0 V 0 0 Cl ENOO (24) (25) (26) Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries 14- CH, x Mol-% (26) + y Mol-% AIBN OBu (27) * -H-CHj-C-CH—CHri NEt, In this scheme, the methacrylate (26) is initially produced starting from 3-(6- hydroxyhexoxycarbonyl)-7-diethylamino-coumarin (24) and methacryloyl chloride (25) together with triethylamine at 0oC to room temperature. The methacrylate (26) may be polymerised in chlorobenzene at 100oC in the presence of n-butyl acrylate (27) as a comonomer together with AIBN as free-radical initiator to form the copolymer (28). The preferred molar percentage x of comonomer (26) is between 0.5 and 60%. Production of the polymers or copolymers according to the invention may furthermore be illustrated by way of example by the following reaction scheme: NaOH Bu4NHS03 CH2C! (29) (30) Le A 30 803-Foreigii Countries - x Mol-% (31) + y Mol-% (32) AIBN * +fCH2-CH)reCH2— CH-V+i (33) In this scheme, the styrène derivative (31) is first produced at 0oC to room temperature in a phase transfer catalysed reaction starting from phenothiazine (29) and m/p-vinylbenzene chloride (30) together with sodium hydroxide and tributylammonium hydrogen sulphite in a catalytic quantity. The styrene derivative (31) may be polymerised in toluene at 80oC to 100oC in the presence of m/p- methylstyrene (32) as comonomer together with AIBN as free-radical initiator to form the copolymer (33). The preferred molar percentage x of comonomer (31) is between 0.5 and 60%. Production of the polymers or copolymers according to the invention may furthermore be illustrated by way of example by the following reaction scheme: NEt, H3C (34) (25) Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries f x Mol-% (35) + y Mol-% <s> (36) I O O H3C-N çhvv (37) In this scheme, the methacrylate (35) is first produced at 0oC to room temperature dazole (34) (only 4-isomer shown) and methacryloyl chloride (25) together with triethylamine. The methacrylate (35) may be polymerised in chlorobenzene at 80oC in the presence of N-vinylcarbazole (36) as comonomer together with ATTVN as free-radical initiator to form the copolymer (37). The preferred molar per¬ centage x of comonomer (35) is between 0.5 and 60%. Production of the polymers or copolymers according to the invention may furthermore be illustrated by way of example by the following reaction scheme: CH-ChL- Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries In this scheme, the styrene derivative (39) is first produced at room temperature in tetrahydrofuran starting from N-isoamyl-4-(N'-methyl-N,-hydroxyethyl)amino- 1,8-naphthalimide (38) and m/p-vinylbenzyl chloride (30) together with potassium tert.-butylate. The styrene derivative (39) may be polymerised in toluene at 100oC together with AIBN as free-radical initiator to form the homopolymer (40). The styrene derivative (39) may also be copolymerised with a comonomer such as, for example, N-vinylcarbazole, styrene, n-butyl acrylate etc.. (Co)polymers of the present invention have molecular weights, determined by gel permeation chromatography, in the range from 500 to 1 million g/mol, preferably of 800 to 500000 g/mol. Some of the fluorescent dyes functionalised with OH, SH or NH (cf. definition of residue L), which are necessary for the production of the (co)polymers according to the invention, are known. The coumarin derivatives of the following formula (4a) are novel: (4a) wherein R43 and R44 mutually independently denote hydrogen, Cjq alkyl, C6-C]8 aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl, which may each be substituted by hydroxy, amino, carboxy or CyC alkoxycarbonyl or R and R , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, may mean a morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine or piperazine ring, which may bear one or two substituents from the group methyl, ethyl and phenyl, and Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries 2169/ R46 Z denotes a group OR45 or N C" wherein R45 means CCq alkyl, C6-Cn aryl or C7-C24 aralkyl, which are each substituted by at least one hydroxy group and wherein the aromatic rings may additionally be substituted by halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, Cj- C6 alkoxy and R46 and R47 mutually independently denote Cjq alkyl, C6-C18 aryl or C7-C24 aralkyl, each optionally hydroxy-substituted, wherein at least one of the residues R46 or R47 has a hydroxy group and wherein the aromatic rings may additionally be substituted by halogen, CrC6 alkyl, CpC, alkoxy. The coumarin derivatives of the formula (4a) according to the invention bear at least one hydroxy group by means of which they may be chemically bonded to the polymer side chains. In the formula (4a), R43 and R44 mutually independently preferably denote hydro- gen or C1-C16 alkyl, optionally substituted by hydroxy, amino, carboxy and/or Cj-C alkoxycarbonyl, each unsubstituted, or phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-Cj-C-alkyl or naphthyl-C1-C4-alkyl substituted by CrC4 alkyl, hydroxy, amino, carboxy, Cj-C alkoxycarbonyl, chlorine and/or bromine. R43 and R44 in particular denote Cj-Cg alkyl or phenyl optionally substituted by hydroxy, amino or carboxy, Z in the above-stated formula (4a) denotes OR45 or NR46R47, wherein R45 preferably denotes C1-C16 alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-Cj-C-alkyl or naphthyl-C1-C4-alkyl, which are each substituted by at least one hydroxy group, and wherein the aromatic rings may additionally be substituted by halogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, Cl-C6 alkoxy, R46 and R47 mutually independently preferably denote Cj-Cjg alkyl,phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-Cj-C-alkyl or naphthyl-Cj-C-alkyl, each optionally sub¬ stituted by hydroxy, wherein at least one of the residue R46 or R47 has a Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries - 2i6971l - 19 hydroxy group and the aromatic rings may additionally also be substituted by halogen, Cj-C alkyl, Cj-Cg alkoxy R45 particularly preferably denotes a Cj-C alkyl substituted by a hydroxy group. R and R47 mutually independently particularly preferably denote Cj-C alkyl optionally substituted by a hydroxy group, wherein at least one of the residues R46 and R47 has a hydroxy group. The novel coumarin derivatives of the formula (4a), (4a) >43 t>44 wherein R , R44 and Z have the above-stated meaning, may be produced by, a) in the event that Z denotes -OR45, producing the malonic acid derivative of the formula (III) -COOR45 CH2 (HI) "COOR45 preferably in a single vessel process from the Meldrum's acid of the formula (I) CH3 CH3 9 9 (i) cr v "o and an alcohol of the formula (II) )45 R4D-0H (II) Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries 20- optionally in the presence of a diluent, such as for example toluene, xylene or mesitylene with catalysis by, for example, p-toluenesulphonic acid at temperatures in the range from 20 to 250oC, preferably from 80 to 150oC, and then reacting this malonic acid derivative with a salicylic aldehyde of the formula (IV) O II H-C. HO' ,43 e>44 r,45 f ,43 (IV) 'N \R44 wherein R , R , R have the above-stated meaning, optionally in the presence of a diluent, such as for example toluene, xylene, mesitylene, with catalysis by, for example, piperidine acetate at temperatures of 50 to 250oC, preferably of 80 to 140oC, and, b) in the event that Z denotes N: R by reacting a salicylic aldehyde of the formula (IV), a secondary amine of the formula (V) and a malonic acid derivative of the formula (VI) O II H-C, HO' sS (IV) ,43 N \R44 in which hn: -R (V) ,48, CH2(COOR ) (VI) )43 t>44 t,46 )47 R , R , R40 and R4' have the above-stated meaning and Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries 2169/ )48 R48 denotes CpCg alkyl, optionally in the presence of a diluent, such as for example toluene, xylene or mesitylene, with catalysis by, for example, piperidine acetate at tempera¬ tures of 50 to 250oC, preferably of 80 to 140oC. When performing the process a) according to the invention, 2-10 mol, preferably 3-6 mol of alcohol of the formula (II) are generally used for each mol of Meldrum's acid, and 0.5-1.0, preferably 0.9-1.0 mol of salicylic aldehyde of the formula (IV) is generally used for each mol of malonic acid derivative of the formula (III). When performing the process b) according to the invention, 2-20, preferably 5- mol of secondary amine and 1-2, preferably 1.2-1.5 mol of malonic acid derivative of the formula (VI) are generally used per mol of salicylic aldehyde of the formula (IV). Production of the coumarin derivatives of the formula (4a) according to the invention, where Z = OR45, by way of a Knoevenagel condensation reaction and subsequent cyclisation is illustrated by way of example by the following reaction scheme: CH3 CH3 HO(CH,)fiOH (C2H5)2N O—(CH2)5— CH2OH O —(CH2)—CH2OH CHO (C2H5)2N C-0(CH2)g—CH2OH Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries 22- In this scheme, bis-(6-hydroxyhexyl) malonate is first produced by reacting the Meldrum's acid and 1,6-hexanediol in the presence of catalytic quantities of p- toluene-sulphonic acid with elimination of acetone and water. The bis-(6- hydroxyhexyl) malonate is then combined with 4-diethylaminosalicylic aldehyde in the presence of catalytic quantities of piperidine acetate to form the desired 3-(6- hydroxyhexoxycarbonyl)-7-diethylaminocoumarin. Production of the coumarin derivatives of the formula (4a) according to the invention, where Z = NR46R47, is illustrated by way of example by the following reaction scheme: (C2H5)2N Jf jl + CH3NH(CH2)2OH + H2C(COOC2H5)2 OH (C2H5)2N C — N-CH2CH,OH I CH, In this scheme, 4-diethylaminosalicylic aldehyde is reacted with diethyl malonate and 2-(methylamino)ethanol in the presence of catalytic quantities of piperidine acetate. The desired 3-[(N-hydroxyethyl-N-methyl)aminocarbonyl]-7-diethylamino- coumarin is obtained. The starting products of the formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V) and (VI) are compounds which are generally known in organic chemistry. The following 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives of the formulae (6a), (7a-1) and (7b-l) are also novel: O-NO R 12' R4 .R50' N R49\ .R50' N (6a) (7a-l) (7b-l) Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries '2169711 in which R11 denotes hydrogen, halogen, nitro, CrC4 alkoxycarbonyl, Cj-C,, acyl, Cg-C24 aralkenyl, unsubstituted amino or amino identically or differently mono- or disubstituted by CC alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl, wherein the above-stated carbon chains may themselves be substituted by hydroxy and/or carboxy, R furthermore denotes morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperazinyl, which may bear one or two substituents selected from methyl, ethyl and/or phenyl, R12' denotes hydrogen or Cjq alkyl, Cj-C alkoxy, C6-C18 aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl, which may be mono- or poly substituted by hydroxy and/or carboxy, and at least one of the residues R11 or R12 has a hydroxy or carboxy group, R49' and R50' mutually independently denote Cjq alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl, which may be substituted by hydroxy, wherein at least one of the residues R49 or R50 has a hydroxy or carboxy group. R49 and R50, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, moreover denote morpholinyl, piperidyl, pyrrolidyl or piperazinyl, which may bear one or two identical or different substituents selected from methyl, ethyl and phenyl and have at last one hydroxy or carboxy group, R14 and R15 mutually independently mean hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, C-C alkyl, CJ-C30 alkoxy, C6-C18 aryl, C7-C24 aralkyl, Cj-C alkoxycarbonyl, C2-C12 acyl or Cl-C6 (di)alkylamino. The 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives of the formulae (6a), (7a-l) and (7b-l) according to the invention bear at least one hydroxy or one carboxy group, preferably a hydroxy group, by means of which they may be chemically bonded to the polymer side chains. Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries 11 o 9 / -24 In the above-stated formula (6a), R preferably denotes hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, nitro, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, n- or iso-propoxy-carbonyl, methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl, n- or iso-propylcarbonyl, amino, amino identically or differently mono- or disubstituted by Cj-C alkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, phenyl-Cj-Calkyl or naphthenyl-Cj--alkyl, in each case optionally substituted by methyl and/or ethyl, wherein the above-stated carbon chains may themselves by substituted by hydroxy, R11' furthermore preferably denotes morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperazinyl, which may bear one or two substituents selected from hydroxy, methyl, ethyl and/or phenyl. R12 preferably denotes Cj-Cjj alkyl, phenyl or phenyl-Cj-Cg-alkyl, which may be substituted by hydroxy and the aromatic rings may additionally be substituted by halogen, Cj-Cg alkyl and/or Cj-Cg alkoxy. R in particular denotes chlorine, bromine, amino which is identically or differently mono- or disubstituted by Cj-Cjj alkyl, morpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or piperazinyl, wherein the above-stated carbon chains may themselves by substituted by hydroxy. R12 in particular denotes Cj-Cjj alkyl, phenyl optionally substituted by halogen, Cj-Cg alkyl, Cj-Cg alkoxy, which may bear a hydroxy group. At least one of the residues R11 and R12' must have a hydroxy group. R49' and R50' in the formulae (7a-1) and (7b-1) mutually independently preferably denote Cj-C alkyl, phenyl, phenyl-Cj-Cg-alkyl, naphthyl, naphthyl-Cj-Cg- alkyl, which may be mono- or poly-, in particular monosubstituted by hydroxy, wherein at least one of the residues R49' or R50' has a hydroxy group. R and R , together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, moreover preferably denote piperidinyl or piperazinyl, which may bear one or two identical or different substituents selected from methyl, ethyl and phenyl and have at least one hydroxy or carboxy group, Le A 30 803-Foreigii Countries 21697 il R14 and R15 in the formulae (7a-l) and (7b-l) mutually independently preferably denote hydrogen, halogen, CrCl5 alkyl, CrC15 alkoxy, Cj- alkoxy- carbonyl, C,- acyl or di(C1-C6-alkyl)amino, phenyl, phenyl-Cj-Cg-alkyl, naphthyl or naphthyl-Cj-Cg-alkyl in each case substituted by methyl and/or ethyl. R49 and R50 in particular denote Cj-Cjj alkyl, phenyl, phenyl-Cj-Cg alkyl, which may be substituted by a hydroxy group, wherein at least one of the resi¬ dues R49 or R50 has a hydroxy group. R14 and R15 in particular denote hydrogen, halogen, C1-C]2 alkyl, CrC12 alkoxy, di(C1-C6-alkyl)amino, phenyl. The number of hydroxy groups and/or carboxy groups is at least one, but there may also be up to four hydroxy and/or carboxy groups. The aromatic rings in the above-stated residues may be identically or differently mono- to penta-, preferably mono- to tri substituted by the stated substituents. The aliphatic carbon chains, such as for example alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, aralkyl in R43, R44, R45, R46 and R47, R11', R12', R45', R50' may be interrupted by one or more, preferably one or two heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, and/or by one or more, preferably one or two phenylene rings, which may be substituted by Cj-C alkyl and/or halogen. A process for the production of novel 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives of the formula (6a) ctn-o R 12' in which (6a) Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries 2!6971 .11' ~~A T>12' R and R have the above-stated meaning, is characterised in that either a) a 1,8-naphthalic anhydride of the formula (VII) and a primary amine of the formula (VIII), R1— NH, (vii) (vm) are reacted together at 50 to 250oC, preferably at 90 to 140oC, optionally in the presence of diluents, such as for example acetic acid, butanol, chlorobenzene, toluene or xylene or, b) in the event that R11' in formula (6a) means an unsubstituted, mono- or disubstituted amino or cyclic amino, a 1,8-naphthalimide of the formula (6a-l) ONO ,12' in which (6a-l) R denotes halogen, preferably chlorine, bromine or iodiner or nitro, which is produced from a 1,8-naphthalic anhydride of the formula (Vila) and a primary amine of the formula (VIII) Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries " 21697 R12'-NHo croo (vna) (vin) in which R11" and R12' have the above stated meaning, at temperatures of 50 to 250oC) preferably of 90 to 140oC, optionally in the presence of diluents, such as for example acetic acid, butanol, chlorobenzene, toluene or xylene, and the resultant compound of the formula (6a-l) is then reacted with a primary or secondary amine or piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine or piperazine, which may bear one or two substituents selected from methyl, ethyl and/or phenyl, or with an aqueous ammonia solution, optionally in the presence of solvents, such as for example methoxy-ethanol or butanol, optionally with catalysis by, for example, a copper(II) salt at temperatures of 50 to 250oC, preferably of 100 to 150oC. A process for the production of novel 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives of the formula (7a-1) and (7b-1) (process C), R49\ .R50' N (7a-l) in which rV .r50' Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries ,14 t>15 «49' .50' R , R , R™ and R3U have the above-stated meaning, wherein a 1,8-naphthalimide derivative of the formula (IXa and b), oNtn »14 (Kb) in which .14 nl5 „„. r,ll" R , R and R have the above range of meaning, is produced from a 1,8-naphthalic anhydride of the formula (Vila) in which R11" has the above-stated meaning, (Vila) and an o-phenylenediamine of the formula (X) >14 H2N 2 R (X) in which R14 and R15 have the above-stated meanings, Le A 30 803-Foreigii Countries n 1 / g 7 1 1 at temperatures of 50 to 250oC, preferably of 90 to 140oC, optionally in the presence of solvents, such as for example acetic acid, butanol, chlorobenzene, toluene or xylene and the 1,8-naphthalimide derivative of the formula (IXa and b) is then reacted with a secondary amine of the formula (XI), tf0' R49' NH (XI) >49' „„. o50' in which R4y and R have the above-stated meaning, with catalysis by, for example, a copper(II) salt at temperatures of 50 to 250oC, preferably of 100 to 150oC, optionally in the presence of a solvent, such as for example methoxyethanol or butanol. When performing the process a) according to the invention for the production of the 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives of the formula (6a), 1 to 1.8 mol, preferably 1.2 to 1.4 mol of primary amine of the formula (VIII) are generally used per mol of compound of the formula (VII). When performing the process b) according to the invention for the production of the 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives of the formula (6a-l), 1 to 1.8 mol, preferably 1.2 to 1.4 of the primary amine of the formula (VIII) are generally used per mol of compound of the formula (Vila) and 1.2 to 5 mol, preferably 2 to 2.5 mol of the corresponding primary, secondary or cyclic amine are use per mol of compound of the formula (6a-l). Production of the 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives of the formula (6a), processes (a) and (b), according to the invention is illustrated by way of example by the following reaction scheme: Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries H2N(CH2)2OH oo-o '2169711 Piperidine i CH2-CH2-OH l CH2-CH2-OH In this scheme, the 4-chloro-N-hydroxyethyl-l,8-naphthalimide is first produced by the reaction of 4-chloronaphthalic anhydride and 2-aminoethanol. The 4-chloro-N- hydroxyethyl-1,8-naphthaliinide is then combined with piperidine in the presence of a catalytic quantity of a copper(II) salt to form the desired N-hydroxyethyl-4- piperidino-1,8-naphthalimide. When performing the process C) according to the invention for the production of the 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives of the formula (7a-l) and (7b-l), 1 to 1.8 mol, preferably 1.2 to 1.4 mol of the o-phenylenediamine of the formula (X) are generally used per mol of compound of the formula (Vila) and 1.2 to 5 mol, preferably 2 to 2.5 mol of the secondary amine of the formula (XI) per mol of compound (IXa-b). Production of the 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives according to the invention of the formulae (7a-l and 7b-l) is illustrated by way of example by the following reaction scheme: Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries .216971 N' N O oN- CH3NH(CH2)2OH HO—CH2—CH—N—CH3 HO-CH2 CH2—N —CH3 In this scheme, the -chloro-l-naphthoylene-l''-benzimidazole, which occurs as an isomeric mixture (approximately 3:1), is first produced by the reaction of 4- naphthoylene-l''-benzimidazole is then combined with 2-(methylamino)ethanol in methyl-N-hydroxyethyl)amino-l,8-naphthoylene-r,2'-benzimidazole. The starting products of the formulae (VII), (VIII), (Vila), (X) and (XI) for the production of the compounds according to the invention of the formula are compounds which are generally known in organic chemistry. The styrene and acrylic acid derivatives of the formulae (22) and (23) which are also necessary for the production of the (co)polymers according to the invention are generally known compounds. The (co)polymers according to the invention are distinguished by their luminescent properties and film-forming capacity and may be applied onto suitable substrates by casting, knife coating or spin coating. The products exhibit photoluminescence on irradiation both in solutions and as films. The (co)polymers of the present invention are suitable for the production of electroluminescent displays. Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries '2169711 The invention thus relates to the use of the (co)polymers described above in the luminescent layer of an electroluminescent device, which is characterised in that an electroluminescent layer is located between two electrodes, at least one of the two electrodes is transparent in the visible range of the spectrum, light in the frequency range of 200 to 2000 nm is emitted when a direct voltage in the range of 0.1 to 100 volts is applied, one or more interlayers may additionally be arranged between the electro¬ luminescent layer and the electrodes. These interlayers are known from the literature (cf. Appl. Phys. Lett, 57, 531 (1990)) and are described therein as HTL (hole transport layer) and ETL (electron transport layer). The purpose of such interlayers is inter alia to increase the intensity of electroluminescence. The electroluminescent polymers according to the invention may also be used in the electroluminescent layer as a mixture with each other or with at least one further material. This further material may be an inert binder, charge transporting substances as described in EP-A 532 798 or EP-A 564 224, or mixture of inert binders and charge transporting substances. The mixtures of the polymers according to the invention and a further material are distinguished inter alia that they are film-forming and may be applied in large areas onto suitable substrates by casting, knife coating or spin coating. Suitable substrates are transparent supports such as glass or plastic films (for example polyester, such as polyethylene terephthalate or polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polysulphone, polyimide films). The inert binder preferably comprises soluble, transparent polymers, such as for example polycarbonates, polystyrene, polyvinylpyridine, polymethylphenylsiloxane and polystyrene copolymers such as SAN, polysulphones, polyacrylates, poly vinyl carbazole, polymers and copolymers of vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol. Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries 0 , -i \ \ Examples Example 1 1. Production of 3-(6-hydroxyhexoxycarbonyl)-7-diethylaminocoumarin, for¬ mula (24) in the reaction scheme A solution of bis-(6-hydroxyhexyl) malonate in 1,6-hexanediol is prepared by heating a mixture of 21.6 g (0.15 mol) of Meldrum's acid, 59 g (0.50 mol) of 1,6-hexanediol and 0.28 g (1.5 mmol) of p-toluene-sulphonic acid monohydrate for 2 hours at 140oC. The resultant solution is then combined with 26.0 g (0.135 mol) of 4- diethylaminosalicylic aldehyde, 0.7 ml of piperidine and 0.1 ml of acetic acid. The reaction mixture is stirred for 3 hours at 110oC and, once cool, combined with 300 ml of water. The suspension is extracted with dichloro- methane. The organic phase is evaporated and the residue recrystallised from toluene. 40.2 g (83% of theoretical) of 3-(6-hydroxyhexoxy-carbonyl)-7-diethyl- aminocoumarin are obtained as yellow crystals with a melting point of 85 to 860C. 2. Production of the 3-(6-methacryloxyhexoxycarbonyl)-7-diethylaminocouma- rin, formula (26) in the reaction scheme 8.36 g (0.08 mol) of methacryloyl chloride (25) are added dropwise with stirring and cooling with iced water to a solution of 16.3 g (0.045 mol) of 3-(6-hydroxyhexoxycarbonyl)-7-diethylaminocoumarin (24) and 10.0 g (0.10 mol) of freshly distilled triethylamine in 50 ml of dry tetrahydro- furan. The reaction mixture is stirred for 5 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture is then treated with 200 ml of water and 200 ml of methylene chloride. Once the phases have separated, the aqueous phase is extracted twice more with 100 ml portions of methylene chloride. The combined organic extracts are washed until neutral and dried with sodium sulphate. Once the solvent has been removed by vacuum distillation, the residue is adsorptively filtered through a short silica gel column with Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries 2169711 diethyl ether as the mobile solvent. Once the solvent has been removed by distillation, 17.6 g (92% of theoretical) of a pale yellow oil are obtained. 3. Production of the copolymer according to formula (28) in the reaction scheme with x = 13 mol.%, y = 87 mol.% A solution of 5.0 g (0.012 mol) of 3-(6-methacryloxy-hexoxycarbonyl)-7- diethylaminocoumarin (26), 10.0 g (0.078 mol) of n-butyl acrylate (27) and 0.15 g (0.91 mmol) of AIBN in 80 ml of dry chlorobenzene are degassed under a vacuum and then stirred for 3 hours at 100oC under nitrogen. The polymerisation mixture is then reinitiated with 0.15 g (0.91 mmol) of AIBN in three portions within 3 hours. The solution is then added dropwise to 100 ml of methanol with stirring and the suspension is then suction filtered. The crude product is precipitated twice more from a methylene chloride/methanol mixture. Yield 12.7 g (85% of theoretical). Example 2 1. Production of N-(m/p-vinylbenzyl)phenothiazine, formula (31) 100 ml of 45% sodium hydroxide solution is added with stirring at 0oC to a mixture of 20 g (0.10 mol) of phenothiazine (29), 18.4 g (0.12 mol) of m/p-vinylbenzyl chloride (30) and 3.39 g (0.01 mol) of tributylammonium hydrogen sulphite in 100 ml of isobutyl methyl ketone. The reaction mixture is vigorously stirred for 4 hours at room temperature and then diluted with 100 ml of water and 150 ml of isobutyl methyl ketone. Once the phases have separated, the organic solution is washed until neutral and dried with sodium sulphate. The solution is then adsorptively filtered through a short silica gel column with diethyl ether as the mobile solvent. Once the solvent has been removed, 30 g (95% of theoretical) of a pale yellow oil are obtained. 2. Production of the copolymer of the formula (33), with x = 28 mol.%, y = 72 mol.% 8.0 g (80% of theoretical) of the copolymer (33) may be produced in a similar manner to the method described in example 1 from 5.0 g Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries 2Î69711 (0.016 mol) of N-(m/p-vinylbenzyl)phenothiazine (31), 5.0 g (0.042 mol) of m/p-methylstyrene (32) and a total of 0.15 g (0.91 mmol) of AIBN with toluene as the solvent. Example 3 l-naphthoylene-l''-benzimidazole in an 82% yield as red-brown crystals of a melting point of 168-1690C. I''-benzimidazole, formula (35) 6.3 g (90% of theoretical) of the methacrylate (35) are produced in a similar manner to the process described in example 1 starting from 5.83 g benzimidazole (34) and 3.24 g (0.031 mol) of methacryloyl chloride (25). The reaction mixture is worked up by treatment with water and the resultant suspension is suction filtered. The crude product is recrystallised from toluene at low temperature. 3. Production of the copolymer according to formula (37), in which x = mol.%, y = 45 mol.% In a similar manner to the method described in example 1, 4.8 g (87% of theoretical) of the copolymer (37) may be produced from 4.0 g (9.7 mmol) imidazole (35), 1.5 g (7.8 mmol) of N-vinylcarbazole (36) and a total of mg (0.30 mmol) of AIBN with chlorobenzene as the solvent. Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries ., , ,„-,,., Example 4 1. N-isoamyl-4-(N'-methyl-N'-hydroxyethyl)ainino-1,8-naphthalamide CH3VnX(CH2)2OH l CH2-CH2-CH(CH3)2 is obtained in a similar manner to example 5, section 1 from 4-chloro-N- isoamyl-l,8-naphthalimide and 2-(metliylamino)ethanol in a 71% yield as yellow to brown crystals of a melting point of 117-1180C. 2. Production of the N-isoamyl-4-(N'-metliyl-N'-m/p-vinylbenzyloxyethyl)- amino-l,8-naphthalimide (39) A solution of 10.2 g (0.03 mol) of N-isoamyl-4-(N,-methyl-N'-hydroxy- ethyl)amino-l,8-naphthalimide (38) in 30 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran is added dropwise under nitrogen at 50C to a stirred solution of 4.0 g (0.036 mol) of potassium tert.-butylate in 40 ml of dry tetrahydrofuran. The mixture is stirred for a further 5 hours at room temperature. 5.0 g (0.033 mol) of m/p-vinylbenzyl chloride (30) are then added dropwise at room temperature to the red-brown coloured solution. After 3 hours, the reaction mixture is treated with 200 ml of water and 300 ml of methylene chloride. Once the phases have separated, the aqueous phase is extracted twice more with 100 ml portions of methylene chloride. The combined organic extracts are washed until neutral and dried with sodium sulphate. Once the solvent has been removed by vacuum distillation, the residue is adsorptively filtered through a short silica gel column with diispropyl ether as the mobile solvent, wherein an initial run with a small quantity of m/p-vinyl¬ benzyl chloride is removed. Once the solvent has been removed by distillation, 9.6 g (70% of theoretical) of a yellow oil are obtained. Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries „ 3. Production of the homopolymer according to formula (40) In a similar manner to the method described in example 1, 2.3 g (77% of theoretical) of the homopolymer (40) may be produced from 3.0 g (6.6 mmol) of N-isoamyl-4-(N'-methyl-N'-m/p-vinylbenzyloxyethyl)-amino- 1,8-naphthalimide (39) and a total of 30 mg (0.18 mmol) of AIBN with toluene as the solvent. 4. Production of the electroluminescent device ITO-coated glass (manufactured by Balzers) is cut into substrates of di¬ mensions 20 x 30 mm and cleaned. Cleaning is performed in the following sequence of stages: 1. 15 minutes' rinsing in distilled water and Falterol in ultrasound bath, 2. 2 x 15 minutes' rinsing in ultrasound bath, each time with fresh distilled water, 3. 15 minutes' rinsing with ethanol in ultrasound bath, 4. 2 x 15 minutes' rinsing in ultrasound bath, each time with fresh acetone, 5. drying on lint-free lens cleaning cloths. A 1% solution of the polymer according to formula (40) (example 4) in 1,2-dichloroethane is filtered (0.2 \im filter, Sartorius). The filtered solution is distributed on the ITO glass with a spin coater at 1000 rpm. The thick¬ ness of the dry film is 110 nm and the Ra value of the surface is 5 nm (Alpha-Step 200 stylus profilometer from Tencor Inst.). The film produced in this manner is then provided with Al electrodes by vapour deposition. To this end, isolated 3 mm diameter dots of Al are vapour-deposited onto the film using a perforated mask. A pressure of below 10"5 mbar prevails in the vapour deposition device (Leybold) during deposition. The ITO layer and the Al electrode are connected to an electrical supply via electrical supply lines. When the voltage is increased, an electric current flows through the device and the described layer electroluminesces. Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries Electroluminescence is in the yellow/green range of the spectrum and occurs with an ITO contact of positive polarity. Example 1. Production of N-hydroxyethyl-4-piperidinyl-1,8-naphthalimide A mixture of 20.0 g (0.073 mol) of 4-chloro-N-hydroxyethyl-l,8-naphthal- imide, 25.8 g (0.30 mol) of piperidine, 2.0 g of copper(II) sulphate and 200 ml of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is refluxed for 2 hours while being stirred. The solution is cooled to room temperature and then combined with 1 litre of water. The suspension is extracted with dichloro- methane. The organic phase is evaporated and the residue recrystallised from toluene. 16 g (68% of theoretical) of brown crystals of a melting point of 152-1530C are obtained. 2. Production of N-(m/p-vinylbenzyloxyethyl)-4-piperidyl-l,8-naphthalimide, formula (42) In a similar manner to the method described in example 4, 6.4 g (73% of theoretical) of N-(m/p-vinylbenzyl-oxyethyl)-4-piperidyl-l,8-naphthalimide (42) may be produced from 6.48 g (0.020 mol) of N-hydroxyethyl-4- piperidyl-l,8-naphthalimide (41) and 3.67 g (0.024 mol) of m/p-vinylbenzyl chloride (30). 3. Production of the copolymer of the formula (44) with x = 1.2 mol.% and y = 98.8 mol.% In a similar manner to the method described in example 1, 2.5 g (79% of theoretical) of the copolymer (44) may be produced from 0.16 g (0.36 mmol) of N-(m/p-vinylbenzyloxyethyl)-4-piperidyl-l,8-naphthalimide (42), 3.0 g (28.8 mmol) of styrene (43) and a total of 30 mg (0.18 mmol) of AEBN with toluene as the solvent. Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries °.N O KOtBu CH2CI (41) x Mol-% (42) + y Mol-% (30) (42) =0 AIBN ► —fCHj-ODrfCH,— CH4 CH, (43) ON O (44) .N. Example 6 1. Production of the copolymer of the formula (45) with x = 1 mol.% and y 99 mol.% In a similar manner to the method described in example 1, 4.15 g (96% of theoretical) of the copolymer (45) may be produced from 0.10 g Le A 30 803-ForeiEn Countries 21'69711 (0.22 mmol) of N-isoamyl-CN'-methyl-N'-m/p-vinylbenzyloxyethyOamino- 1,8-naphthalimide (39), 4.20 g (21.8 mmol) of N-vinyl-carbazole (36) and a total of 30 mg (0.18 mmol) of AIBN with toluene as the solvent. x Mol-% (39) + y Mol-% (36) AIBN H,C 3U. —(-CH2-ÇH—(-CH2 CHy -N <s Production of an electroluminescent device Production process as described in example 4. The dry film thickness of the copolymer of the formula (45) is 144 nm and the Ra value of the surface is 12 nm. Electroluminescence is in the yellow-green range of the spectrum. Le A 30 803-Foreign Countries THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVEMTCN IN WHICH M EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS dAEMED ARE DEFINED AS TOLLOWS: 1. A (co) polymer cotprising at least one repeat chain unit of the general formula (1) or (2) and optionally a repeat unit of the general formula (3) R' i CH-C- CH, R' -CH,-C CH,—C- 2 I M (D (2) (3) in which R , R and R mutually independently mean hydrogen or Cj-Cg alkyl, M denotes CN or CrC30 alkoxycarbonyl, Cq (di)alkyl-amino- carbonyl, CrC30 alkylcarbonyl, which may each be substituted by hydroxy or CrC6 alkoxycarbonyl and furthermore denotes phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, pyridyl or carbazolyl, which may each be substituted by a residue selected from halogen, hydroxy, silyl, Cj-Co alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, CJ-C3Q alkoxy, CrC30 alkoxycarbonyl, C]-C30 acyloxy and €,-€30 alkylcarbonyl. L and L mean a photoluminescent residue, wherein the proportion of structural units of the formulae (1) and/or (2) is in each case 0.5 to 100 mol.%, and (3) 0 to 99.5 mol.%, and the molar percentages add up to 100.