Furnace for the heat treatment of a solid fuel of pieces.
The invention relates to the field of thermal treatment of the solid fuel and to a furnace for the heat treatment of a solid fuel in pieces. The furnace proposed will be applied with maximum efficiency heat treatment of shales to low calorific value. Known is a furnace for the heat treatment of the shales, where their half-coking effected in a current transverse-ascending gaseous coolant (by V.A. Danilenko. Certificate copyright for invention no. 170,463, cl.10a, 1965, USSR). In the upper part of the oven is located a semi-coking vessel comprising two vertical chambers for distilling the shale, a chamber for the preparation and ' distribution of the heat carrier ("hot" chamber), disposed along the axis of the unit between strips shale distillation chambers, and two chambers for the collection and removal of the vapor-gas ("cold" chambers). Thus, the vessel semi-coking is divided along its length into five chambers by four vertical walls within the crate. These partitions louvers are made of refractory entry side of the coolant in the chamber of semi-coking ("hot" side), and metal on the output side ("cold" side). Above1 chambers are mounted, inclined bar screens, in which the gaps are widening in the sliding direction of the large lumps, thereby ensuring the inlet of the In the lower part of the furnace Oil shale is charged by a special device in the upper part of the distillation chamber, wherein it is subjected to the semi-coking by the coolant having a temperature of 600 to 900° gI The heat required for the process is obtained, on the one hand, by the combustion of a portion of the circulating gas in the hot chamber and, on the other hand, thanks to the gasification of the semi-coke in the lower furnace® the vapor-gas mixture exiting the chambers. distillation of the oil shale into the two chambers "cold" and then, through the exhaust conduits located in their upper part ., at a temperature of 150 to 200 °c, they are discharged at the condensation system. The residue processing is discharged by special devices to the bottom of the oven and carried to the discharge. A serious disadvantage of the furnace 1 is known1 accumulation of small fractions of the fuel side "cold" chambers of semi-coking. This contributes to a bitumation intensive product, resulting in the bonding of small pieces, clogging These chambers do not have openings at their bottoms for the drawdown of small fuel fractions, also are themselves quickly-stuff and, naturally, this impairs. the usage rate of the organic part of the fuel. As the showed the practice, after 2 or 3 weeks the chambers of this design lie wholly-stuff a product formed by the falls in pocket moieties oil shale and semi-coke. This is achieved by stopping the furnace for a sootblower, troublesome operation and very heavy labor of work. * I-drive large dust oil shale by the vapor-gas mixture also causes a serious alteration tar and increases the ash content. Thus, the presence in the oven known screens of bars to the top chambers of semi-coking, and chambers "cold" collecting and discharging the vapor-gas mixture, which do not have openings at their bottoms for the drawdown of small fuel fractions that accumulate, makes the furnace unusable in LEEs industrial conditions. In addition, the treatment of shales low in organic materials, which are the shale as most on the globe, proves quite impossible in such a furnace, fuel bed to narrow. Because it has low aerodynamic resistance and of its screening power reduces, the vapor-gas mixture drives from the oven, as the practice has shown, a large amount of dust and ash-shale, which stuff to complete the closure of an openwork metal partition, the chamber "cold", the gas discharge conduit and the gas path. Further, due to the low heat transmission of the lean fuel in organic materials, in the narrow layer there is large losses of calories, which are carried away by the vapor-gas mixture, which is not possible in the vessel semi-coking a high utilization rate of oil shale organic materials, also the yield of tar and the thermal efficiency of the process - they are low. Due to the disadvantages listed above, the furnace known has not been applied on an industrial scale. For this same reason, it is impossible to use the principles of its design to create high power units (for example, capable of processing 3000 to 4000 T of oil shale per day), especially when the shales to be treated are low in organic matter. Known is a well-controlled to other furnace ' on an industrial scale for the treatment of oil shales, wherein the semi-coking occurs in an ascending stream of gaseous heat Certificate copyright for invention no. 109,152, LC. 10a, 21, 1957, USSR). Mainly in the upper portion of the oven is located a semi-coking vessel, comprising a chamber with an opening and a barrier for the distribution of the heat carrier ., located within the layer, in the axis of the unit. The chamber is supported on a vault which separates the semi-coking of the gasification vessel with the semicoke and cooling the solid residue, located in the bottom of the furnace and the process is also performed in an updraft gasifier agent. Oil shale is charged by a single special device in the upper part of the vessel semi-coking, where it is in subsystem; brought to the semi-coking by coolant having a temperature of 600 to 900 °c. The heat required for the process is obtained by the gasification of the semi-coke in the lower portion of the furnace. The gas resulting from gasification, 800 to 1000 °c to temperature, will to the dispensing chamber, to which is admitted 1C air and gas circulation. The coolant obtained, exiting the dispensing chamber at a temperature of 600 to 900 °c, is directed to the fuel bed. The vapor-gas mixture discharged from the semiconductor to a temperature which is 150 to 200 °c through the discharge conduit is situated at the top of the 15 cuvej therefrom will at condensation system. The residue processing is discharged at the bottom of the furnace by a special device and communicates with the discharge. A serious disadvantage of the known furnace is the inability to adjust distribution of coolant in the fuel layer, 2c and more specifically, to adjust distribution of coolant flows to both sides of the distribution chamber. When, for causes any (for example, by segregation of the shale, its bitumation or its slagging), emerged urur.e additional resistance in the fuel bed on one side of the 25 distribution chamber, all the coolant stream converges in the fuel bed on the other side of the distribution chamber. In this way, a portion of the fuel in the tank semi-coking is highly superheated, while the other part is under-heated and does not reach the semi-coking temperature. This results in a lowering of the yield of tar and chemical yield of the treatment. In the oven of the design, it is also not possible to monitor the uniformity of heating to both sides of the distribution chamber, since the streams of vapor-gas mixture from these parts, after passing through the 1C fuel layer, mix, and the - temperature in the exhaust duct (from which to view of the uniformity of the product heating in the portions constituting the tank semi-coking) does characterizes that the average temperature of these currents. Such a temperature does not give information on its a-15 tisfaisante to heat the fuel in the tank semi-coking. In any event, based on the temperature, it is quite impossible to detect immediately that of. sides of the distribution chamber in which the fuel bed is heated too intensively, and that wherein it remains under - c. heated. In instances where a arrives at the long to detect the irregularity indicated heating (when the treatment regimen is quite disarranged, or non-coked shale is discharged from the 5 the product ceases to descend in this portion), its removal in the furnace of the integrated circuit design encounters of technical difficulties. Most often, in such a situation, as the showed a long industrial practice, the oven must be And finally, a further disadvantage of the furnace in operation is the drive large dust shale by the vapor-gas mixture, the shale dried in the upper part of the vessel semiconductor ' (coking arrives in a strong current of vapor-gas mixture. Fine dust is obviously expelled from above the pieces of shale and, not having filter media were to itself, it is driven by the vapor-gas mixture in the condensation system, stuffed in the flues and polluting the tar to ob-a 15 held. The drawbacks listed above the furnace known, would move out excessively if its design features were implemented in the creation of high power units (for example, 3000 to 4000 T-capable of processing oil shale per day at The purpose of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages listed above. : It is now proposed to provide a heat treating furnace for 25 of a solid fuel in pieces, that would ensure a high yield process a lean organic shale, adjustably and control of half coking of the shales the energy efficiency of the process being raised, by modifying the design of vat D © geœl-to-eekéfâctien " The solution is that " into the furnace for heat treatment of a 1®solid fuel in pieces, comprising a body in which are successively arranged along the height of the tanks of semi-coking, gasification © T of cooling, as well as chambers adapted 15 a gas inlet to said tanks and IO discharge of the vapor-gag these vessels, a loading device for 1 * inlet of the solid fuel in the upper part of the carcass and the tan-discharge® arrangement for 1' discharge of waste solid processing to the lower part of the casing, according to the invention, the vessel-eokéfac -. except is provided with two vertical walls within the crate, the sharing along its entire height into a chamber for the production and distribution of the coolant, disposed therein according to the axsfour,-and into two chambers for semi-coking Da are schist®, with individual d * ΰοη ≈ ducts for discharging the mixture-steam-gas, and the unloading device to the lower part of the casing performs the control of the descent of the fuel in each chamber of semi-coking * It is advantageous queque.le loading device is offset from 1 'axis of each chamber semi-coking towards its side " hot'3 the O. A furnace designed this way, thanks to the high rate of filling the tank semi-coking shale (60 to 70%), ensures a high yield of 3000 to 4000 shales * T by day The ', presence in chrchr.oue semi-coking chamber of a discharge conduit individual for the vapor-gas mixture and an independent unloading dispositi, monitors and 'et adjust web treatment regimen in each chamber separately. This creates favorable conditions for reaching high coefficients used except organics shale to be treated: large tar yields and high thermal efficiency of the process. The absence, in the furnace forming the subject of the invention, "cold" chamber not having in their lower part of port for the descent of small fractions of fuel, furnace gives good function and increases its' service between repairs. The absence of screens to bars to the top chambers of semi-coking avoids the concentration of small fractions of fuel at "cold" side of said chambers. In addition, the offset loading devices with respect to the axis of the semi-coking chambers toward their side "hot" increases the hardness and the fuel layer with respect to the dust and fines shale (with such a loading mode they are concentrated at side "hot" chambers of semi-coking). Due to the fact that, as shown by the investigation, driving the dust shale by the vapor-gas mixture decreases from two to three times, the conduits are not so quickly Of Lr. so, compared to known furnace "the furnace, object of the present invention achieves high yields in shale 3000 to 4000 T-/ day -, increases the yield of the tar and the thermal efficiency of the process, as well as increase the duration d © service between repairs and improve the quality of the tar obtained (or lower ash content)" In the following, the invention is explained by the description of an exemplary embodiment and a drawing appended représenteschématiquement a furnace for the heat treatment of a lumpy solid tibial eombus ^ (in cross section) according to the invention,; - The furnace for the heat treatment of a - solid fuel in pieces, especially an oil shale, sê 1 comprises a carcass, wherein are arranged successively in a direction of height a vessel 2 semi-coking, a gasification vessel 3 © I a® cooling tank 4. The nuve In the vessel 3 gasification of the semicoke are arranged side chambers 8 with bussttes 9 in the wall-réfrse - 10 silence. These chambers 8 are for the admission of a gasifier or a coolant into the pick 3 gasification. The chambers 7 and 8 have burners Loading the shale in the furnace, from hoppers 13 * is executed automatically by feed devices 14 * having at the top a register 15 dosing, and at its lower portion a cone suspended 16, placed in the opening using the charging device 14 in communication with the upper portion of the chambers 6 distillation shale. The loading devices 14 are shifted to the "hot" side chambers 6 (on the side where the coolant enters the fuel bed). The vapor-gas mixture out of the furnace through will the exhaust conduits 17. In the vessel 4 cooling the solid residue it has devices 18 for 1' input of a circulation gas cooled, and hoppers 19 for discharging the solid product. Under these hoppers are positioned with a gap between the bottoms of cylindrical shape of a hydraulic gate 20. The furnace for the heat treatment of a solid fuel in pieces, especially an oil shale, operates as follows, the shale into pieces in the hoppers 13 is admitted in the furnace by the loading devices 14, laterally offset "hot" chambers 6 semi-coking. With such a loading mode, the small fractions are concentrated at side shale "hot" chambers 6 semi-coking and ' filtering power layer grows in these fractions. This contributes to a strong reduction of the drive dust shale from the oven by the vapor-gas mixture, prevents clogging of the discharge conduits 17 by deposits and, therefore, increases the service life of the furnace between repairs and improves the quality of the tar (lowers its ash content)<>in cases o-O wherein, in addition, when ' heating to 400 to 450 g chist bitumen to be treated, the concentration small fractions at side "hot" chambers The presence of a layer thick enough fuel (following the path of the coolant) in the chambers 6 semi-coking, reveals a increased aerodynamic resistance and increases the hardness and the layer, thereby creating favorable conditions for Ir. the semi-coking shale low in organic materials, widespread on the globe, due to the increased aerodynamic resistance of the layer, the uniformity of the distribution of the calcportor in the layer is improved and, consequently, the heat transfer is improved. This contributes to 1' yield increase in tar and the thermal efficiency of the process At the same time filtering power of the layer increases, thereby contributing to the reduction of the amount of dust from the oven shale driven by the vapor-gas mixture, 1C The vapor-gas mixture, to temperature not exceeding 150 to 200° g, is discharged from the receptacle 6 semi-coking through the conduits 17" by providing on each chamber 6 semi-coking of an individual exhaust duct 17, it is possible for ongoing monitoring of half coking shale4 5 in the chambers (based on the - ' temperatures of the vapor-gas mixture to the exhaust conduits). The semicoke passes chambers 6 semi-coking vessel 3 gasification or heating respectively complementary into which is introduced a gasifier (steam-air mixture, 2C gas-air or smoke-air cell, or even of > fumes only) or coolant (mixture of flue gas circulation cooled) from side chambers 8, equipped with burners 11 and 12 inputs for the gas circulation, as well as, if necessary, entry of water vapor (not shown in the drawing). 25 Gas streams from the vessel 3 will both in the chamber 7 for the production and distribution of the calcportor and directly into the fuel layer present in the chambers 6 semi-coking, by ensuring uniform heating of the fuel. The selection of the optimal rotational speed of travel of the vessel 3 is effected by means of experiments. The solid residue processing taken from the vessel to the vessel 3 4 cooling where it is cooled to 80 and 100 C. by the circulating gas admitted through the devices 18. Then it passes to the hoppers 19 and 20 hydraulic to the shutters, it is discharged by mechanisms expulsion on conveying devices which the exhausted to the discharge. Thanks to the presence of a discharge device for each individual semi-coking chamber 6, it is possible to adjust the speed of descent of the fuel in each chamber 6 separately. In conjugation with the conduits 17 individual discharge chambers 6, this can control and regulate the rotational speed of the shale in the distillation vessel semi-coking, which conditions favorable for achieving a high yield of tar and a high thermal efficiency of the process. 1491645 Thermal processing of lump shale NI INST SLANTSEV and SLANTSEPERERABATY - VAJUSCHY KOMINAT "KOKHTLA - YARVE IM VI LENINA 1 April 1976 [1 April 1975] 13319/76 Heading F4B [Also in Division C5] A vertical retort for the thermal processing of lump shale comprises a low-temperature carbonization shaft 2, gasifying shaft 3 and a cooling shaft 4. The shaft 2 is divided by two vertical perforated walls 5 into two low-temperature chambers 6 and a chamber 7 for supplying and distributing a heat carrier some of which is generated from the burner 11 and gas supply 12 and some of which rises from the gasifying shaft 3. Lump shale is fed from the bins 13 to the hot side of chambers 6 next to chamber 7. The heat from chamber 7 produces a steam-gas mixture which rises and is filtered by the density of the bed so that it reaches the off-takes 17 in relatively dust free condition. The gasifying shaft 3 has side chambers with heat generated by burners 11 and gas supply 12. Semicoke produced in the chambers 6 is gasified in the shaft 3 and solid residue passes to the cooling shaft 4 where temperature is lowered by a cooling gas from a supply 18. Finally solid residue passes to the bins 19 and into liquid seal containers 20, whence it is discharged by conveying devices to ash heaps. 1. Furnace for heat treatment of a solid fuel in pieces, comprising a body in which are successively arranged along the height of the tanks of semi-coking, gasification and cooling, as well as chambers adapted to admit a gas to these tanks and discharging the vapor-gas mixture of these vessels, a loading device for introducing the solid fuel into the upper portion of the bobbin and a discharging device for discharging the solid residue treatment to the lower part of the casing, characterized in that the tub (2) semi-coking is provided with two vertical partitions (5) crate, the sharing along its entire height in a chamber (7) for the production and distribution of the coolant, disposed along the axis of the furnace, ' and into two chambers 2. Furnace for heat treatment of a solid fuel in pieces according to paragraph 1, characterized in that, above the chambers (6) semi-coking, devices are disposed loading (14) laterally offset "hot" of these chambers (6).- ΐΐ -
